Where are the fall vaccines? Plus Covid-19 and norovirus, and what another measles death means

I practically live at the airport these days, so for better or worse, I can tell when behaviors shift.

这些天我几乎住在机场，所以无论好坏，我都能分辨出行为何时发生变化。

Yesterday, it was obvious: More coughing, mask wearing, kids wiping noses on whatever was closest.

昨天，情况很明显：咳嗽更多、戴口罩、孩子们用最近的东西擦鼻子。

Fall sick season isn’t officially here (although Covid definitely is) but it’s stirring.

秋季病假季节尚未正式到来（尽管新冠疫情确实如此），但它却令人激动不已。

There is a problem, though: federal disarray is slowing the rollout of fall vaccines and monoclonal antibodies.

不过，存在一个问题：联邦混乱正在减缓秋季疫苗和单克隆抗体的推出。

So access to protection is tougher than it should be right now.

因此，获得保护比现在更加困难。

The good news is there are things we can do, including a resource below.

好消息是我们可以做一些事情，包括下面的资源。

Here’s what’s going on in the world of health and what it may mean to you.

以下是健康领域正在发生的事情以及它对您可能意味着什么。

The data story for Covid-19 right now is definitely region-specific.

目前 Covid-19 的数据故事肯定是针对特定地区的。

The magnitude and direction of the wave differ depending on where you live:

波的大小和方向因您居住的地方而异：

The West is definitely having a wave right now, and it’s not letting up.

西方现在肯定正在掀起一股浪潮，而且不会减弱。

The Midwest and Northeast are also still growing, but the wave’s height is lower than it was last winter and last summer.

中西部和东北部也仍在增长，但波浪的高度低于去年冬天和去年夏天。

The South seems to have peaked, after having a mild summer wave.

在经历了温和的夏季浪潮之后，南方似乎已经达到顶峰。

What this means for you: We are in the middle of a Covid-19 wave and it’s still worth getting vaccinated, especially if you’re high risk.

这对您意味着什么：我们正处于 Covid-19 浪潮之中，但仍然值得接种疫苗，特别是如果您属于高风险人群。

Norovirus—think puking, diarrhea, and misery—is starting to increase again, and right on schedule.

诺如病毒——想想呕吐、腹泻和痛苦——又开始增加，而且是按计划进行的。

Norovirus season is pretty long, so we should expect illness to peak in early spring.

诺如病毒季节相当长，因此我们预计疾病将在早春达到高峰。

This pathogen is a booger: it is very contagious, primarily spreads through contaminated surfaces, such as doorknobs and toys, and it’s also really hard to kill with cleaning products because it has a protective membrane.

这种病原体是一种鼻屎：它具有很强的传染性，主要通过受污染的表面传播，例如门把手和玩具，而且它也很难用清洁产品杀死，因为它有一层保护膜。

What this means for you: If you have the stomach bug, use a separate bathroom in your house and wear a mask if possible.

这对您意味着什么：如果您有胃病，请使用家里的独立浴室，并尽可能戴上口罩。

Hand sanitizer doesn’t kill it—soap and water are your best bet.

洗手液并不能杀死它——肥皂和水是最好的选择。

In pretty astounding and depressing news, Pennsylvania reported its fourth measles-associated death in its outbreak.

宾夕法尼亚州报告了疫情爆发期间第四例与麻疹相关的死亡，这是一个相当令人震惊和令人沮丧的消息。

This marks the most measles deaths in the U.S. since 1992.

这是自 1992 年以来美国麻疹死亡人数最多的一次。

(No, the CDC still hasn’t acknowledged a single death on its website, which is astounding in and of itself.)

（不，疾病预防控制中心尚未在其网站上承认一例死亡病例，这本身就令人震惊。）

The state has reported nearly 800 cases, but measles typically causes 1 to 3 deaths per 1,000 unvaccinated cases.

该州已报告近 800 例病例，但麻疹通常会导致每 1,000 例未接种疫苗的病例中 1 至 3 人死亡。

So…

所以……

how does that math make sense?

这个数学有什么意义？

It comes down to the denominator.

这取决于分母。

Confirmed cases are the cases we know about; there are a whole lot of cases that are never recorded.

确诊病例是我们所知的病例；有很多案例从未被记录下来。

In fact, for every reported case, there are about 10 cases not reported.

事实上，对于每一个报告的病例，大约有10个病例没有报告。

This is especially true when community members are hesitant to engage with public health and health care systems, making case investigation and testing difficult.

当社区成员对参与公共卫生和医疗保健系统犹豫不决、导致病例调查和检测变得困难时尤其如此。

Of course, there’s another possibility: this could simply be a statistical anomaly.

当然，还有另一种可能性：这可能只是统计异常。

Three deaths among a few hundred cases isn’t impossible—it’s just extremely rare.

数百例病例中三人死亡并非不可能——只是极其罕见。

We’ve seen similar situations before.

我们以前也见过类似的情况。

In 1991, for example, an outbreak in Philadelphia caused 1,400 cases and 9 pediatric deaths.

例如，1991 年费城爆发的一场疫情导致 1,400 例病例和 9 名儿童死亡。

In that case, religious leaders discouraged medical care, relying on prayer instead.

在这种情况下，宗教领袖不鼓励医疗保健，而是依靠祈祷。

What this means for you: Whether this is an undercount or an outlier, one thing is clear: we are in new, unsettling territory.

这对您意味着什么：无论这是低估还是异常值，有一点是明确的：我们正处于新的、令人不安的领域。

Here is a YLE deep dive on 10 FAQs on MMR and Measles Protection.

以下是 YLE 深入探讨有关 MMR 和麻疹防护的 10 个常见问题解答。

No, you likely don’t need an MMR booster.

不，您可能不需要 MMR 增强剂。

Respiratory vaccines—for flu, RSV, and Covid-19— should be available at no cost this fall.

流感、RSV 和 Covid-19 呼吸道疫苗将于今年秋天免费提供。

But the federal government has created snags, so you may not be able to access them yet.

但联邦政府设置了一些障碍，因此您可能还无法访问它们。

RSV is a big deal for kiddos; just ask any mom who has had to sit with their baby in the hospital.

RSV 对孩子来说是一件大事；只要问问那些不得不在医院陪着孩子的妈妈就知道了。

In fact, it’s the leading cause of hospitalizations for kiddos (see graph below).

事实上，这是儿童住院的主要原因（见下图）。

But this year, clinics and hospitals are ordering fewer doses of monoclonal antibodies—shots that protect babies under 8 months from RSV—than needed.

但今年，诊所和医院订购的单克隆抗体（保护 8 个月以下婴儿免受呼吸道合胞病毒感染的疫苗）剂量少于所需剂量。

They’re worried they’ll get stuck with the bill if insurance doesn’t cover it.

他们担心如果保险不承保，他们会陷入困境。

Why?

为什么？

CDC’s vaccine advisory group (ACIP) normally updates its recommendations as medical evidence evolves, but under RFK Jr., that process has completely stalled.

CDC 的疫苗咨询小组 (ACIP) 通常会随着医学证据的发展而更新其建议，但在 RFK Jr. 的领导下，这一过程已完全陷入停滞。

Meanwhile, new science shows more high-risk babies should get this shot, so AAP updated its recommendation, but CDC recommendations are still stuck in last year.

与此同时，新的科学表明更多的高危婴儿应该接受这种注射，因此 AAP 更新了其建议，但 CDC 的建议仍然停留在去年。

Since insurance follows the CDC, not the AAP, physicians aren’t sure whether insurance will cover the extra babies.

由于保险遵循 CDC，而不是 AAP，因此医生不确定保险是否涵盖额外的婴儿。

Adults in a handful of states will have trouble getting them at pharmacies.

少数几个州的成年人在药店购买它们会遇到困难。

Most states have decoupled from federal guidance, so most Americans can get a Covid-19 vaccine at a pharmacy.

大多数州已脱离联邦指导，因此大多数美国人可以在药房购买 Covid-19 疫苗。

However, this isn’t the case in a handful of states, like Louisiana.

然而，路易斯安那州等少数州的情况并非如此。

(Sorry I don’t have a full state list because it’s changing every day; many are trying to actively fix this).

（抱歉，我没有完整的州列表，因为它每天都在变化；许多人正在尝试积极解决这个问题）。

More than 80% of people get their Covid-19 vaccines at pharmacies.

超过 80% 的人在药房接种 Covid-19 疫苗。

Pediatric vaccine delays everywhere: The Vaccines for Children, a federal program that purchases more than half of childhood vaccines in the U.S., requires sign-off before they can actually ship them to states.

各地儿科疫苗都出现延误：儿童疫苗是一项联邦计划，购买了美国一半以上的儿童疫苗，需要先获得批准才能真正将疫苗运送到各州。

This approval is being held up at the CDC Director level for reasons that are very unclear ( and potentially concerning if delivery is stopped for political reasons ).

由于非常不清楚的原因（并且可能涉及是否因政治原因停止交付），疾病预防控制中心主任级别的批准被搁置。

This means it’s unlikely your kid can get a Covid-19 vaccine at this time.

这意味着您的孩子目前不太可能接种 Covid-19 疫苗。

People are getting vaccinated (including my kids!), and insurance coverage (private and public) is fine, including for the new mRNA vaccine.

人们正在接种疫苗（包括我的孩子！），保险范围（私人和公共）也很好，包括新的 mRNA 疫苗。

There is still time to iron out these snags, but if things don’t get sorted by October, I will really start worrying about those at high risk, family disruptions (like missing school), and hospital capacity this fall and winter.

现在还有时间来解决这些障碍，但如果到十月事情还没有得到解决，我真的会开始担心那些高危人群、家庭破裂（比如缺课）以及今年秋天和冬天的医院容量。

What this means for you: Don’t give up finding protection for you and your family.

这对您意味着什么：不要放弃为您和您的家人寻找保护。

Have patience with your physician and pharmacy office; these snags are above their pay grade.

对您的医生和药房保持耐心；这些障碍超出了他们的工资等级。

That said, bottom-up advocacy helps.

也就是说，自下而上的倡导会有所帮助。

If you have trouble, voice your concerns to your physician’s office, insurance company, pharmacy manager, or whoever is in charge to ensure they are aware of the problem.

如果您遇到问题，请向您的医生办公室、保险公司、药房经理或任何负责人表达您的疑虑，以确保他们意识到问题。

Eventually, the systems will hear it.

最终，系统会听到它。

Silver lining in the PA measles outbreak: more families are getting protected.

宾夕法尼亚州麻疹疫情的一线希望：更多家庭得到保护。

The number of people getting vaccinated has nearly doubled .

接种疫苗的人数几乎增加了一倍。

In August 2026 alone, more than 46,000 MMR vaccines were administered, double the typical monthly rate of about 25,000.

仅 2026 年 8 月，就接种了超过 46,000 剂 MMR 疫苗，是典型每月约 25,000 剂的两倍。

While I wish we didn’t live in a reactive society, it’s the reality, and I will take this as a win!

虽然我希望我们没有生活在一个反应​​性的社会，但这就是现实，我会将此视为胜利！

Malaria vaccines are working at scale.

疟疾疫苗正在大规模发挥作用。

After decades of failed attempts, two vaccines are now part of routine childhood immunization in 25 African countries .

经过数十年的失败尝试，两种疫苗现已成为 25 个非洲国家常规儿童免疫接种的一部分。

Malaria kills ~600,000 people a year, mostly kids under five, so it’s great to hear that Burkina Faso saw a 32% drop in total cases after rollout and Cameroon reported a 17% drop.

疟疾每年导致约 60 万人死亡，其中大部分是五岁以下的儿童，因此很高兴听到布基纳法索在推出后总病例数下降了 32%，喀麦隆报告下降了 17%。

The one worry: funding cuts are already causing spikes in cases in a few countries, even as the vaccine expands elsewhere.

令人担忧的是：尽管疫苗在其他地方推广，但资金削减已经导致一些国家的病例激增。

Worth watching: scientists are fighting NIH grant censorship.

值得关注：科学家们正在与美国国立卫生研究院的资助审查制度作斗争。

Researchers backed by the ACLU filed a class-action suit (Sept 16) alleging NIH uses a 235-keyword blacklist to flag already peer-reviewed grants for termination.

美国公民自由联盟 (ACLU) 支持的研究人员提起集体诉讼（9 月 16 日），指控 NIH 使用包含 235 个关键字的黑名单来标记已经经过同行评审的资助以终止资助。

This suit asks a judge to order the NIH to restore the funding cuts, which could mean money flowing back into research.

该诉讼要求法官命令美国国立卫生研究院恢复资金削减，这可能意味着资金回流到研究中。

“This may seem way out of scope, but my pastor is interested in sharing information about fall vaccines.

“这似乎超出了范围，但我的牧师有兴趣分享有关秋季疫苗的信息。

Do you have any tips or resources that I could give him?”

你有什么建议或资源可以给他吗？”

I love this!!!

我喜欢这个！

It’s important that vaccine information isn’t approached as a deficit here (people don’t need more data and facts) but rather is aligned with their value systems.

重要的是，疫苗信息不应被视为一种缺陷（人们不需要更多的数据和事实），而是与他们的价值体系保持一致。

For many people, science and faith are not opposing forces, but complementary ways of understanding the world.

对于许多人来说，科学和信仰并不是对立的力量，而是理解世界的互补方式。

The two can, and often do, coexist without requiring the rejection of medical or scientific evidence.

两者可以而且经常共存，不需要拒绝医学或科学证据。

Below is a three-page messaging brief for faith-based groups, for our paid subscribers.

以下是针对信仰团体和我们的付费订阅者的三页消息简介。

This was co-developed with faith leaders in the U.S. and aligns evidence and faith-based messaging.

这是与美国的信仰领袖共同开发的，并将证据和基于信仰的信息结合起来。

Feel free to print or share!

欢迎打印或分享！

I hope it helps empower anyone wanting to make a difference and reach people this fall.

我希望它能帮助任何想要在今年秋天做出改变并影响人们的人。

This post has bonus content for paid subscribers.

这篇文章为付费订阅者提供了奖励内容。

Upgrade to get full access.

升级以获得完全访问权限。

That’s your public health news you can use for the week!

这是您本周可以使用的公共卫生新闻！

Get your fall vaccines as you’re able, wash those hands, and keep looking for the good news—it’s out there.

尽可能接种秋季疫苗，洗手，并继续寻找好消息——它就在那里。

Love, YLE

爱，YLE

Your Local Epidemiologist (YLE) comprises a team of experts, ranging from physicians to immunologists to epidemiologists to nutritionists, working together with one goal: to “translate” ever-evolving public health science so that people are well-equipped to make evidence-based decisions.

您的当地流行病学家 (YLE) 由一个专家团队组成，其中包括医生、免疫学家、流行病学家和营养学家，他们共同努力实现一个目标：“转化”不断发展的公共卫生科学，以便人们有能力做出基于证据的决策。

The YLE suite of newsletters reaches over 475,000 people across more than 132 countries.

YLE 新闻通讯套件覆盖超过 132 个国家/地区的 475,000 多人。

This newsletter is free to everyone, thanks to the generous support of fellow YLE community members.

感谢 YLE 社区成员的慷慨支持，本通讯免费向所有人开放。

To support the effort, subscribe or upgrade below:

为了支持这项工作，请订阅或升级如下：

Apologies for being the pedantic molecular virologist - but norovirus does not have a membrane (enveloped).

为成为迂腐的分子病毒学家而道歉——但诺如病毒没有膜（被包膜）。

It has a very tight protein coat (naked) that prevents alcohol and cleaners from inactivating it.

它有一层非常紧密的蛋白质外壳（裸露），可以防止酒精和清洁剂使其失活。

Thanks for all of the updates and good news (love the info about malaria vaccine).

感谢您提供的所有更新和好消息（喜欢有关疟疾疫苗的信息）。

I was able to get a Covid vaccine at my local CVS as soon as they were available.

当新冠疫苗上市时，我就在当地的 CVS 获得了疫苗。

So at least Central PA has access to vaccines (flu was also available - waiting a bit longer for that one).

因此，至少宾夕法尼亚州中部可以获得疫苗（流感疫苗也可以使用——需要等待更长的时间）。

Your consistent, expert information is my vaccine against unnecessary worry.

您一致、专业的信息是我避免不必要担忧的疫苗。

Thanks!

谢谢！