Getting ready for sick season. Also ticks rebounding, flu sweeping, and dengue showing its teeth.

为病假季节做好准备。蜱虫反弹、流感席卷、登革热也显露出来。

2026-10-14 · Katelyn Jetelina | Your Local Epidemiologist (Substack) · 原文

Yesterday, my nervous daughter rolled up her sleeve at the pediatrician’s office for her flu shot.

昨天，我紧张的女儿在儿科医生办公室卷起袖子注射流感疫苗。

But instead of rushing, the twentysomething medical assistant paused to explain that the shot would give her a superhero shield.

但这位二十多岁的医疗助理并没有着急，而是停下来解释说，这一枪会给她一个超级英雄的护盾。

When we got home, what did she do?

当我们回到家时，她做了什么？

She ran straight to her room for her superhero cape (and princess dress, of course) and woke up this morning still wearing it.

她径直跑到自己的房间去拿她的超级英雄斗篷（当然还有公主裙），今天早上醒来时仍然穿着它。

To everyone on the front lines: Your words matter more than you know.

对前线的每个人：您的话语比您所知道的更重要。

Thank you.

谢谢。

The changing season means respiratory viruses, plus ticks, are on the rebound, and a mosquito-borne disease is showing its teeth more often in the states now.

季节的变化意味着呼吸道病毒和蜱虫正在反弹，而由蚊子传播的疾病现在在各州更频繁地出现。

We also answer a question I’m seeing everywhere with another tragic measles death in the news.

我们还回答了一个我在新闻中随处可见的另一起麻疹悲剧死亡事件的问题。

Here is your “dose” of health information and, most importantly, what it may mean for you.

这是您的健康信息“剂量”，最重要的是，它对您可能意味着什么。

YLE covers the twists and turns of the fall respiratory season in real-time each week, with practical information about what’s happening and things you can do to stay healthy.

YLE 每周实时报道秋季呼吸季节的曲折，提供有关正在发生的事情以及您可以采取哪些措施来保持健康的实用信息。

But I also thought it might be helpful to get ahead of the sick season together.

但我也认为一起度过病假季节可能会有所帮助。

My team and I put together a five-part guide—just for paid subscribers—to help you get ready.

我和我的团队整理了一份由五部分组成的指南（仅供付费订阅者使用）来帮助您做好准备。

It draws on all of our past work and expertise in this space.

If you upgrade to a paid subscription during October, we’ll send you five days of advice, catching you up on what you need to know:

如果您在 10 月份升级到付费订阅，我们将向您发送五天的建议，让您了解您需要了解的信息：

Our annual guide to fall vaccines: what’s new, who needs what, and which questions we’re getting most, along with a downloadable guide

我们的秋季疫苗年度指南：有什么新内容、谁需要什么、我们收到最多的问题以及可下载的指南

Fall vaccine FAQs: Answers to the questions we’re hearing most, all in one place

秋季疫苗常见问题解答：我们最常听到的问题的答案都集中在一处

Habits that help keep you healthy: the everyday things, backed by evidence, that keep bugs at bay

有助于保持健康的习惯：有证据支持的日常事物可以预防细菌

What doesn’t work: a look at trends and tips you can ignore so you don’t waste time or money

什么不起作用：看看你可以忽略的趋势和技巧，这样你就不会浪费时间或金钱

What to do if you get sick anyway: because prevention isn’t always enough, we’ve got some science-backed advice to speed your recovery

如果您生病了该怎么办：由于预防并不总是足够，我们提供了一些有科学依据的建议来加速您的康复

Flu is off to an early start this year.

今年流感来得较早。

It has started in the West, and now up to 9.5% of tests are positive.

它已从西方开始，目前高达 9.5% 的检测呈阳性。

While flu circulates all year, flu “season” typically officially starts at ~3% and peaks at around 18%, so the West is clearly well on its way into the wave.

虽然流感全年都会流行，但流感“季节”通常在 3% 左右正式开始，并在 18% 左右达到峰值，因此西方显然正在进入这一浪潮。

The flu will slowly but surely move from the Pacific eastward in a sweeping motion.

流感将缓慢但肯定地从太平洋向东席卷而来。

So, although rates are still relatively low in the Northeast, they will start increasing quickly soon.

因此，尽管东北地区的利率仍然相对较低，但很快就会开始快速增长。

What this means for you: It’s time to get your flu vaccine.

这对您意味着什么：是时候接种流感疫苗了。

It will give you a superhero shield, after all.

毕竟，它会给你一个超级英雄的盾牌。

Emergency room visits for tick bites are starting to increase again, which means that tick populations outdoors are increasing again.

因蜱虫叮咬而到急诊室就诊的人数再次开始增加，这意味着户外蜱虫数量再次增加。

This is typical —the U.S. usually sees bimodal waves.

这是典型的——美国通常会看到双峰波。

Tiny nymphs drive a big one in the summer, and adult ticks looking for a final meal before winter drive a smaller one peaking in October.

夏天，小若虫会驱赶一只大蜱虫，而在冬季到来之前寻找最后一餐的成年蜱虫则会驱赶一只较小的蜱虫，在十月达到顶峰。

They stay active before freezing begins.

它们在结冰开始之前保持活跃。

What this means for you: Whether you’re hiking in cooler weather, hunting, or raking leaves, keep up the tick checks after time outdoors.

这对您意味着什么：无论您是在凉爽的天气里徒步旅行、打猎还是耙树叶，在户外活动后都要保持蜱虫检查。

We would have been shocked to find dengue, a mosquito-borne illness that people call “break-bone fever,” in the U.S. 20 years ago.

20 年前，如果我们在美国发现登革热（一种被人们称为“断骨热”的蚊媒疾病），我们一定会感到震惊。

However, the virus is becoming an annual thing now in the Southern states, from California to Florida.

然而，这种病毒现在在从加利福尼亚州到佛罗里达州的南部各州每年都会发生。

Florida is having a particularly hard year, and for the first time ever, locally acquired cases (people getting the disease from mosquitoes flying around) outpace travel-associated cases (people bitten abroad who come home and get sick).

佛罗里达州正经历着特别艰难的一年，本地感染病例（因飞来飞去的蚊子而感染疾病的人）首次超过了旅行相关病例（在国外被叮咬后回家患病的人）。

People do not spread it from person to person.

人们不会在人与人之间传播它。

This is also expected.

这也是预料之中的。

By 2050 , experts almost guarantee that dengue will be endemic in the South.

到 2050 年，专家几乎可以肯定登革热将在南方流行。

Two reasons:

两个原因：

Warming temperatures are expanding the habitats of dengue-carrying mosquitoes and lengthening the season when these insects are active.

气温升高正在扩大携带登革热的蚊子的栖息地，并延长这些昆虫的活跃季节。

Heat also helps the virus multiply faster inside the mosquitoes, making them more efficient at spreading it.

热量还有助于病毒在蚊子体内更快地繁殖，使它们更有效地传播病毒。

Dengue has surged worldwide, so more travelers are arriving with the virus in their blood, giving local mosquitoes more chances to pick it up and pass it on.

登革热在全球范围内激增，因此越来越多的旅行者血液中携带有这种病毒，这使得当地的蚊子有更多机会感染并传播该病毒。

Dengue is a doozy, mainly because the second infection can be more dangerous than the first.

登革热很危险，主要是因为第二次感染可能比第一次感染更危险。

Dengue comes in four types.

登革热有四种类型。

If you get one type, the antibodies created help protect you from only that type in the future.

如果您感染了一种类型，所产生的抗体将有助于保护您将来免受该类型的感染。

If you later catch a different type, your old antibodies can do more damage.

For example, Florida’s outbreak is mostly DENV-2 right now, while Puerto Rico, which declared a dengue emergency in 2024, has been fighting mostly DENV-3 .

例如，佛罗里达州目前的疫情主要是DENV-2，而波多黎各于2024年宣布进入登革热紧急状态，目前主要是与DENV-3作斗争。

Travel between the two means more people could catch a second, different type of dengue, which carries a higher risk of severe illness.

This also makes vaccines hard to design, because a vaccine has to protect against all four types at once, or it could make a later infection more dangerous.

这也使得疫苗的设计变得困难，因为疫苗必须同时预防所有四种类型，否则可能会使以后的感染更加危险。

What this means for you: Dengue, like many mosquito-borne diseases, is still incredibly rare in the U.S., and thankfully, with cooler weather, it should be receding soon.

这对您意味着什么：与许多蚊媒疾病一样，登革热在美国仍然非常罕见，值得庆幸的是，随着天气凉爽，它应该很快就会消退。

But over time, this kind of illness will become increasingly common.

但随着时间的推移，这种病症会越来越普遍。

The best thing you can do right now is prevent a bite in the first place.

New York is getting creative with its measles response by meeting people where they are.

纽约在麻疹应对方面发挥了创意，通过与人们就地交流来应对。

As YLE Northeast covered last week, New York declared a state of emergency order for measles, but it included something small but very important: giving licensed midwives authority to give vaccines.

正如 YLE 东北部上周报道的那样，纽约州宣布针对麻疹进入紧急状态，但其中包括一些小但非常重要的事情：赋予持照助产士注射疫苗的权力。

This could make a difference in the current outbreak affecting Amish and Mennonite communities.

Many families in these communities prefer care from people they already know and trust over an unfamiliar clinic.

This makes getting protection easier, and it’s a model other states could follow.

WHO says life expectancy is now back on track after Covid-19.

世卫组织表示，Covid-19 疫情过后，预期寿命现已回到正轨。

In a report just published, WHO showed that global life expectancy reached 73.3 years in 2023.

世界卫生组织在刚刚发布的报告中显示，2023年全球人均预期寿命达到73.3岁。

While Covid-19 brought a notable and devastating dip in life expectancy, the world is back on track to increasing lifespan.

(Source: WHO )

（来源：世界卫生组织）

“Why are public health and the media making measles deaths such a big deal?

These deaths get so much attention when deaths from hepatitis C or opioids don’t, or heart disease deaths, which have crazy numbers every year, don’t.”

这些死亡引起了如此多的关注，而丙型肝炎或阿片类药物导致的死亡却没有受到关注，而每年因心脏病死亡的人数却如此惊人。”

All deaths are tragic, but a measles death in 2026 is a sign that something is going very, very wrong.

所有的死亡都是悲惨的，但 2026 年的麻疹死亡事件表明事情正在变得非常非常糟糕。

And now we are up to six in Pennsylvania.

现在宾夕法尼亚州已经有六人了。

In 2000, the U.S. eliminated measles, and so, as a society, more deaths are both tragic and preventable, but also mean we are going backward.

One of my colleagues, Chelsea Cipriano, compared it to lead in drinking water when chatting with me: Nationally, we’ve reduced the rate of lead poisoning by over 90% since the 70s.

我的一位同事 Chelsea Cipriano 在与我聊天时将其比作饮用水中的铅：在全国范围内，自 70 年代以来，我们已将铅中毒率降低了 90% 以上。

So now, when public health sees a cluster of lead poisoning in kids, it’s an emergency because that’s a failure in prevention for something we absolutely know how to prevent, and we demand accountability for the allowance of conditions that lead to lead poisoning.

因此，现在，当公共卫生部门发现儿童出现聚集性铅中毒时，这是一个紧急情况，因为对于我们绝对知道如何预防的事情来说，这是一种失败的预防，我们要求对导致铅中毒的情况负责。

The only reason we’ve seen lead poisoning decline is because of major policy changes driven by advocacy from pediatricians, public health experts, and families working together to push for things like removing lead from gasoline, paint, and soil, and replacing old water pipes.

我们看到铅中毒下降的唯一原因是儿科医生、公共卫生专家和家庭共同努力推动去除汽油、油漆和土壤中的铅以及更换旧水管等政策，从而推动了重大政策变化。

BUT, there is also constructive feedback in this pushback.

Many people don’t see public health fighting for the things that affect their daily lives.

Instead, they see political battles playing out at the top.

相反，他们看到政治斗争在高层上演。

And measles is now political.

麻疹现在已经成为政治问题。

Countless people in local and state health departments, academia, and even the private sector are fighting for those everyday issues.

That work needs to be far more visible.

这项工作需要更加明显。

It’s time to get your flu shot (and maybe pull out your superhero cape, too!).

是时候注射流感疫苗了（也许还可以拿出你的超级英雄斗篷！）。

Other bugs, like ticks and mosquitoes, aren’t gone yet either.

Stay healthy out there!

在外面保持健康！

Your Local Epidemiologist (YLE) comprises a team of experts, ranging from physicians to immunologists to epidemiologists to nutritionists, working together with one goal: to “translate” ever-evolving public health science so that people are well-equipped to make evidence-based decisions.

您的当地流行病学家 (YLE) 由一个专家团队组成，其中包括医生、免疫学家、流行病学家和营养学家，他们共同努力实现一个目标：“转化”不断发展的公共卫生科学，以便人们有能力做出基于证据的决策。

The YLE suite of newsletters reaches over 475,000 people across more than 132 countries.

YLE 新闻通讯套件覆盖超过 132 个国家/地区的 475,000 多人。

This newsletter is free to everyone, thanks to the generous support of fellow YLE community members.

感谢 YLE 社区成员的慷慨支持，本通讯免费向所有人开放。

To support the effort, subscribe or upgrade below:

为了支持这项工作，请订阅或升级如下：

I had to chuckle at your daughter's super hero cape.

看到你女儿的超级英雄斗篷我忍不住咯咯笑。

Your timely and rational information and advice have helped me remember to get my flu and Covid vaccinations and I'm all set for this season of joy and "giving." I got the Covid vax yesterday and this morning I sitting here with my coffee reading today's piece with my own cape draped over my shoulders.

你们及时而合理的信息和建议帮助我记住了接种流感和新冠疫苗，我已准备好迎接这个欢乐和“奉献”的季节。 I got the Covid vax yesterday and this morning I sitting here with my coffee reading today's piece with my own cape draped over my shoulders.

I'm a little shivery and achy but the underlying feeling is one of solid good health.

我有点发抖和疼痛，但潜在的感觉是身体健康。

My super hero blanket is helping me with the trivial side effects.

Thank you for your advice and compassion.

感谢您的建议和同情心。

I’m really grateful for your information.

我真的很感谢你的信息。

I’m in the west and had gotten my Covid shot but often wait until later in October for my flu shot to try to extend some protection into the early spring.

我在西部，已经注射了新冠疫苗，但通常要等到十月晚些时候才注射流感疫苗，试图将一些保护作用延续到早春。

But you had given the heads up a couple of weeks ago that it was early in the west so I went that day after work.

但几周前你就已经提醒过，现在西部时间还早，所以我那天下班后就去了。

I’ve been traveling and floating my invisible cape behind me so thanks again.

我一直在旅行，并将我的隐形斗篷漂浮在身后，所以再次感谢。

Your work is very appreciated!

非常感谢您的工作！

中文为机器翻译，仅供参考。