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Our cover story is by and , on how China’s cities function as risk-loving municipal venture capital funds, and have turned the country into a continent-sized Silicon Valley.
我们的封面故事是关于中国的城市如何充当热爱风险的市政风险投资基金，并将该国变成一个大陆大小的硅谷。
The issue also contains pieces by on the American Sun Belt, on the world’s biggest problems, and Stephen Kotkin on Leninism’s fatal flaw.
本期还包含有关美国阳光地带、世界上最大问题的文章，以及斯蒂芬·科特金有关列宁主义致命缺陷的文章。
Print subscribers start to receive the full edition this week.
印刷版订阅者本周开始收到完整版。
Online readers will receive the articles over the next few weeks.
在线读者将在接下来的几周内收到这些文章。
Thanks for reading The Works in Progress Newsletter!
感谢您阅读正在进行的工作时事通讯！
Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.
免费订阅以接收新帖子并支持我的工作。
In the 1980s, Geely was a refrigerator parts manufacturer in the provincial city of Hangzhou, China.
20世纪80年代，吉利是中国省会城市杭州的一家冰箱零部件制造商。
Today it is an auto giant that owns Volvo, Lotus, Polestar and part of Aston Martin.
如今，它已成为一家汽车巨头，旗下拥有沃尔沃、路特斯、Polestar 以及阿斯顿·马丁的部分股份。
Look almost anywhere in China and you’ll see similar stories of transformation and explosive growth.
环顾中国的几乎任何地方，你都会看到类似的转型和爆炸性增长的故事。
The world’s largest suppliers of electric vehicles, LiDAR, display panels, and batteries are all young Chinese companies.
全球最大的电动汽车、激光雷达、显示面板和电池供应商都是年轻的中国企业。
Many attribute China’s success to wise and foresighted winner picking from the Chinese Communist Party – its willingness to be strategic in a world otherwise governed by the ruthless pursuit of the bottom line.
许多人将中国的成功归因于中国共产党明智而有远见的赢家选择——在一个由残酷追求底线统治的世界中，中国愿意采取战略行动。
But really, write Robin Rivaton and Ben Southwood, China’s secret ingredient is that it takes many of the things that make America so successful to extreme, exaggerated degrees: cheap capital, a huge market, and intense competition at every level.
但实际上，罗宾·里瓦顿和本·索斯伍德写道，中国的秘诀在于它把美国如此成功的许多因素发挥到了极端、夸大的程度：廉价的资本、巨大的市场以及各个层面的激烈竞争。
China’s mayors and regional leaders effectively work as venture capitalists, investing to bring about growth in their areas, and creating powerful ‘local growth machines’ that make the country rich.
中国的市长和地区领导人实际上是风险资本家，通过投资促进其所在地区的增长，并创造强大的“地方增长机器”，使国家变得富裕。
Everyone loves old cities like Bruges, Prague, and Avignon.
每个人都喜欢布鲁日、布拉格和阿维尼翁等古老城市。
But this isn’t just because they have beautiful historic buildings: the layouts of medieval city centers make them feel cosy, human, and organic.
但这不仅仅是因为它们拥有美丽的历史建筑：中世纪市中心的布局让它们感觉舒适、人性化和有机。
The Austrian architect Camillo Sitte theorized in 1902 that the recipe for lovable cities like these involved small, enclosed squares, curved streets, public art sitting on the edge of plazas, not in the middle, and asymmetry.
奥地利建筑师卡米洛·西特 (Camillo Sitte) 于 1902 年提出理论，认为像这样的可爱城市的秘诀包括小型、封闭的广场、弯曲的街道、位于广场边缘而不是中间的公共艺术以及不对称。
Above all, cities were the voids between buildings, rather than the buildings themselves, which should join together into a warm, hugging wall.
最重要的是，城市是建筑物之间的空隙，而不是建筑物本身，它们应该连接在一起形成温暖的、拥抱的墙。
His work was hugely influential in its own time, but has since been forgotten – an oversight that Phoebe Arslanagic-Little and Samuel Hughes try to correct in their article explaining Sitte’s principles.
他的作品在当时具有巨大影响力，但后来被遗忘了——菲比·阿尔斯拉纳吉克-利特尔和塞缪尔·休斯在解释西特原则的文章中试图纠正这一疏忽。
There’s nothing quite like porcelain, writes Charles C Mann.
查尔斯·C·曼 (Charles C Mann) 写道，没有什么比瓷器更好的了。
Invented three thousand years ago by Chinese potters, it is produced from a special kind of clay, kaolin, that essentially produces glass when heated, creating the material’s distinctive, translucent delicacy.
它是由中国陶艺家在三千年前发明的，由一种特殊的粘土——高岭土制成，在加热时基本上会产生玻璃，从而创造了这种材料独特的、半透明的精致。
It later became an object of obsession for European royalty and alchemists who experimented for centuries to discover its secret.
后来它成为欧洲皇室和炼金术士痴迷的对象，他们进行了几个世纪的实验以发现它的秘密。
Today, innovation in porcelain and related materials is producing high-tech kitchen equipment and bone replacements.
如今，瓷器和相关材料的创新正在生产高科技厨房设备和骨头替代品。
Porcelain is a reminder that the drive to create new types of matter has long played a powerful role in human history.
瓷器提醒我们，创造新型物质的动力长期以来在人类历史上发挥着强大的作用。
Successful people get up early, work long hours, never drink or smoke, and submit themselves regularly to high-intensity interval training, meditations, and ice baths.
成功人士早起、长时间工作、从不喝酒或吸烟，并定期进行高强度间歇训练、冥想和冰浴。
Right?
正确的？
Well, the Victorians didn’t think so, writes Samuel Hughes.
塞缪尔·休斯写道，维多利亚时代的人并不这么认为。
The upper class of nineteenth-century England learned relatively little at school or university, and instead spent much of their time playing rugby and hazing each other.
十九世纪英国的上层阶级在学校或大学学到的东西相对较少，而是把大部分时间花在打橄榄球和互相欺负上。
As adults they often started their days late after long nights of feasting and drinking.
成年后，他们在经历了漫长的灯红酒绿的夜晚之后，常常很晚才开始新的一天。
You might be skeptical that this was a recipe for success, but it created a powerfully bonded elite with very high levels of internal trust, which oversaw the largest empire the world has ever seen.
你可能会怀疑这是否是成功的秘诀，但它创造了一个强大的精英阶层，内部信任度非常高，他们监管着世界上有史以来最大的帝国。
Mosquito-borne disease is, in theory, a solved problem.
理论上，蚊媒疾病是一个已解决的问题。
In the last decade biologists have come up with several techniques that can either make mosquito populations immune to diseases like dengue and yellow fever or suppress their populations by making them sterile.
在过去的十年中，生物学家提出了几种技术，可以使蚊子种群对登革热和黄热病等疾病免疫，或者通过使蚊子不育来抑制其种群。
These techniques are effective and, because their effects are so precise, have minimal effects on the environment (unlike the insecticides traditionally used).
这些技术非常有效，而且由于其效果非常精确，因此对环境的影响极小（与传统使用的杀虫剂不同）。
Why, then, is dengue on the rise in the United States?
那么，为什么登革热在美国呈上升趋势呢？
Maya Rosen investigates how American regulatory agencies have spent years sitting on the tools that would help.
玛雅·罗森 (Maya Rosen) 调查了美国监管机构如何花费数年时间开发有用的工具。
Bronze Age powers like the Egyptians, Hittites and Babylonians were powered by bronze weapons, made by combining copper and tin.
埃及人、赫梯人和巴比伦人等青铜时代的强国都使用由铜和锡制成的青铜武器。
Tin was scarce, meaning that anyone who could control it could create a near-monopoly on violence, and control huge territories.
锡很稀缺，这意味着任何能够控制它的人都可以对暴力造成近乎垄断，并控制大片领土。
That changed with the invention of the bloomery, which allowed the mass production of iron weapons.
随着铁器的发明，这种情况发生了变化，铁器武器的大规模生产得以实现。
Iron, argues Patrick Fitzsimmons , is why no new empires rose to fill the power vacuum created by the Bronze Age collapse 3,000 years ago.
帕特里克·菲茨西蒙斯 (Patrick Fitzsimmons) 认为，铁就是为什么没有新帝国崛起来填补 3000 年前青铜时代崩溃造成的权力真空的原因。
It’s not that iron weapons were better than bronze ones; rather, they were easier to get hold of, meaning that warlords and bandits could now arm themselves against superpowers.
并不是说铁兵器比青铜兵器好，而是说铁兵器比青铜兵器好。相反，它们更容易获得，这意味着军阀和土匪现在可以武装自己对抗超级大国。
What new technologies could do the same today?
今天有哪些新技术可以做到同样的事情？
Some years ago, Samuel Hughes’s colleague Ben Southwood sent him a handful of grainy online pictures showing some recent buildings in Pakistan.
几年前，塞缪尔·休斯 (Samuel Hughes) 的同事本·索斯伍德 (Ben Southwood) 向他发送了一些模糊的在线图片，显示了巴基斯坦最近的一些建筑。
He was struck by the assurance of the designs and the quality of the materials, craftsmanship, and detailing.
他对设计的保证、材料的质量、工艺和细节感到震惊。
These buildings were the work of Kamil Khan Mumtaz, a Pakistani architect widely admired in his home country but almost invisible abroad.
这些建筑是卡米尔·汗·穆塔兹 (Kamil Khan Mumtaz) 的作品，他是一位巴基斯坦建筑师，在自己的祖国广受赞誉，但在国外却几乎不见踪影。
Samuel wonders whether Mumtaz might be the world’s best architect.
塞缪尔想知道蒙塔兹是否可能是世界上最好的建筑师。
With Mumtaz’s support, Works in Progress presents a portfolio of his work, most of it never before seen outside Pakistan.
在蒙塔兹的支持下，《作品进行中》展示了他的一系列作品，其中大部分作品从未在巴基斯坦以外的地方展出过。
Issue 26 is our sixth print issue and marks the one-year anniversary of the print magazine.
第 26 期是我们的第六期纸质杂志，标志着纸质杂志创刊一周年。
The new issue includes a few improvements based on what we’ve learned over the past year.
新一期根据我们过去一年的经验进行了一些改进。
It turns out people treat the magazine more like a book than something they carry around, so we’ve moved to more premium matte paper and a wider format.
事实证明，人们对待杂志更像是一本书，而不是随身携带的东西，因此我们转向了更优质的哑光纸和更宽的版式。
We’ve enlarged and changed some of the fonts to make it more readable.
我们放大并更改了一些字体，使其更具可读性。
And we’ve introduced columns, which will hopefully help break up the features.
我们还引入了专栏，希望能够帮助分解这些功能。
Our print subscribers are like royalty to us, and we hope, if you aren’t one yet, you’ll join them soon.
我们的印刷版订阅者对我们来说就像皇室成员一样，我们希望，如果您还不是皇室成员，您很快就会加入他们。
We’ve celebrated the launch of Issue 26 with drinks in Washington, DC, met lots of lovely readers at the Stripe Press London pop-up , and hosted subscribers for a talk by Aria Schrecker in San Francisco.
我们在华盛顿特区举杯庆祝第 26 期的发行，在伦敦 Stripe Press 快闪店会见了许多可爱的读者，并在旧金山接待了订阅者参加 Aria Schrecker 的演讲。
We also have a subscriber-only launch coming up in San Francisco this Sunday.
我们将于本周日在旧金山推出仅限订阅者的活动。
Sign up to the print magazine to get the details !
订阅印刷杂志以获取详细信息！
Thanks for reading The Works in Progress Newsletter!
感谢您阅读正在进行的工作时事通讯！
Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.
免费订阅以接收新帖子并支持我的工作。