Thomas F. Mulledy (Wikipedia featured)
Thomas F.
托马斯·F.
Mulledy ( muh-LAY-dee; August 12, 1794 – July 20, 1860) was an American Catholic priest and Jesuit who became the president of Georgetown College, a founder of the College of the Holy Cross, and a Jesuit provincial superior.
穆勒迪（muh-LAY-dee；1794年8月12日－1860年7月20日）是一位美国天主教牧师和耶稣会士，后来成为乔治城学院院长、圣十字学院的创始人和耶稣会省长。
His brother, Samuel Mulledy, also became a Jesuit and president of Georgetown.
他的兄弟塞缪尔·穆勒迪也成为耶稣会士和乔治敦大学校长。
Mulledy entered the Society of Jesus and was educated for the priesthood in Rome, before completing his education in the United States.
马勒迪加入耶稣会，并在罗马接受神职教育，然后在美国完成学业。
He twice served as president of Georgetown College in Washington, D.C. At Georgetown, Mulledy undertook a significant building campaign, which resulted in Gervase Hall and Mulledy Hall (later renamed Isaac Hawkins Hall).
他曾两次担任华盛顿特区乔治城学院的校长。在乔治城，穆勒迪开展了一项重大的建设活动，最终建成了杰维斯大厅和穆勒迪大厅（后来更名为艾萨克霍金斯大厅）。
He became the second provincial superior of the Maryland Province of the Jesuit order, and orchestrated the sale of the province's slaves in 1838 to settle its debts.
他成为耶稣会马里兰省的第二任省长，并于 1838 年策划出售该省的奴隶以偿还债务。
This resulted in outcry from his fellow Jesuits and censure by the church authorities in Rome, who exiled him to Nice in the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia for several years.
这引起了他的耶稣会同僚的强烈抗议和罗马教会当局的谴责，罗马教会当局将他流放到皮埃蒙特-撒丁岛王国的尼斯数年。
While provincial superior, Mulledy was also the vicar general for the Diocese of Boston.
在担任省长的同时，穆勒迪还是波士顿教区的副主教。
Following his return to the United States, Mulledy was appointed as the first president of the College of the Holy Cross in 1843 and oversaw its establishment, including the construction of its first building.
返回美国后，穆勒迪于 1843 年被任命为圣十字学院首任院长，并监督学院的建立，包括第一座建筑的建造。
Both in the United States and in Rome, he developed a reputation as combative and insubordinate, much to the discontent of his fellow Jesuits and his superiors.
在美国和罗马，他都享有好斗和不服从命令的名声，这引起了他的耶稣会同僚和上级的不满。
Others praised him for his administrative skills.
其他人称赞他的管理技巧。
In his later years, he was prolific in delivering sermons at Holy Cross, and played a role in seeing the college through investigations by the Know Nothing Party.
晚年，他在圣十字教堂布道，并在无知党的调查中发挥了作用。
He also served as pastor of St. John the Evangelist Church and president of St. John's Literary Institution in Frederick, Maryland, where he expelled a significant portion of the student body for protesting the strict discipline he imposed, leading to the school's permanent decline.
他还担任马里兰州弗雷德里克市圣约翰福音传教士教堂的牧师和圣约翰文学学院院长，在那里，他开除了很大一部分学生，以抗议他施加的严格纪律，导致学校永久衰落。
He then was assigned as pastor of Holy Trinity Church in Georgetown, and briefly as the superior at Saint Joseph's College in Philadelphia.
随后，他被任命为乔治敦圣三一教堂的牧师，并短暂担任费城圣约瑟夫学院的院长。
In 2015, Georgetown renamed Mulledy Hall due to Mulledy's involvement in the 1838 slave sale.
2015年，由于马勒迪参与了1838年的奴隶买卖，乔治城将其更名为马勒迪大厅。
His name was also removed from a building at the College of the Holy Cross in 2020.
2020 年，他的名字也从圣十字学院的一座建筑中被删除。
Thomas Mulledy was born on August 12, 1794, in Romney, Virginia (today part of West Virginia), to Irish immigrant parents.
托马斯·穆勒迪 (Thomas Mulledy) 于 1794 年 8 月 12 日出生于弗吉尼亚州罗姆尼（现为西弗吉尼亚州的一部分），父母是爱尔兰移民。
His father, also named Thomas Mulledy, was a poor farmer.
他的父亲也叫托马斯·穆勒迪，是一位贫穷的农民。
His mother, Sarah Cochrane, from Virginia, was not Catholic.
他的母亲莎拉·科克伦 (Sarah Cochrane) 来自弗吉尼亚州，不是天主教徒。
So the two could marry, they obtained a canonical dispensation, and agreed that their sons would be raised Catholic, while their daughters would be raised Protestant.
这样两人就可以结婚了，他们获得了教会的特许，并同意他们的儿子将接受天主教教育，而女儿将接受新教教育。
Before receiving any higher education, Thomas Mulledy and his brother, Samuel, taught at the Romney Academy in their hometown.
在接受高等教育之前，托马斯·穆勒迪和他的兄弟塞缪尔在家乡的罗姆尼学院任教。
Like his brother, Samuel went on to become a Jesuit and the president of Georgetown College.
和他的兄弟一样，塞缪尔后来成为耶稣会士并担任乔治敦学院的校长。
Thomas later enrolled as a student at Georgetown College in Washington, D.C., on December 14, 1813, having to pay for his own education, as his brother did.
托马斯后来于 1813 年 12 月 14 日在华盛顿特区的乔治敦学院就读，他必须像他的兄弟一样支付自己的学费。
He left the school in February 1815 to travel with nine others to White Marsh Manor in Prince George's County, Maryland, where they entered the Society of Jesus.
1815 年 2 月，他离开学校，与其他九人一起前往马里兰州乔治王子县的怀特马什庄园，并在那里加入了耶稣会。
He returned to teach at Georgetown in 1817.
1817 年，他返回乔治城任教。
While there, he contracted a disease that was unknown to the physicians of the time, and he feared death was imminent.
在那里，他感染了一种当时医生不知道的疾病，他担心死亡即将来临。
In his debilitated state, he received the viaticum, and was thereafter restored to health, a turn of events that some considered miraculous.
在他虚弱的状态下，他接受了旅行金，此后恢复了健康，这一转变在一些人看来是奇迹。
He was appointed by the Virginia General Assembly to the board of trustees for the town of Romney in 1818.
1818 年，他被弗吉尼亚州议会任命为罗姆尼镇董事会成员。
In 1820, he was sent to study philosophy in Rome; on the voyage, he was accompanied by Charles Constantine Pise, James Ryder, and George Fenwick.
1820年，他被派往罗马学习哲学；在这次航行中，他由查尔斯·康斯坦丁·皮斯、詹姆斯·莱德和乔治·芬威克陪同。
There, he studied at the Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide for two years, and spent a further two as a tutor to the crown prince of Naples.
在那里，他在教宗信仰宣传学院学习了两年，并又担任那不勒斯王储的导师两年。
Alongside his priestly studies, he was exposed to literature and science, and became regarded as among the most eminent American scholars of Italian language and literature.
除了神父研究之外，他还接触了文学和科学，并被认为是美国最杰出的意大利语言和文学学者之一。
Mulledy was ordained a priest in Rome in 1825, and then began his tertianship in Chieri, near Turin.
穆勒迪于 1825 年在罗马被任命为牧师，然后在都灵附近的基耶里开始了他的三圣生涯。
By 1828, he was teaching logic, metaphysics, and ethics at a Jesuit college in Chambéry.
1828 年，他在尚贝里的一所耶稣会学院教授逻辑学、形而上学和伦理学。
He left Italy later that year.
同年晚些时候，他离开了意大利。
It was not until December 1827 that the Society raised enough money to pay for his and other Jesuit students' return to the United States, and that the Jesuit Superior General was satisfied that the Society had regained a footing in the United States after its suppression.
直到1827年12月，协会才筹集到足够的资金支付他和其他耶稣会学生返回美国的费用，耶稣会总会长对协会在遭受镇压后在美国重新站稳脚跟感到满意。
He left from the port of Livorno on a treacherous voyage that lasted 171 days, and caused some in the United States to fear that the three Jesuits aboard had perished.
他从利沃诺港出发，进行了长达 171 天的危险航行，让美国一些人担心船上的三名耶稣会士已经遇难。
Eventually, he arrived at Georgetown on December 22, 1828, where he was made the prefect of studies, as well as professor of philosophy.
最终，他于 1828 年 12 月 22 日抵达乔治城，在那里他被任命为研究长兼哲学教授。
Mulledy provided the most comprehensive account of the mysterious events at Wizard Clip at the time.
Mulledy 对当时发生在 Wizard Clip 的神秘事件进行了最全面的描述。
Mulledy was appointed president of Georgetown College on September 14, 1829, following John William Beschter's brief leadership of the school.
1829 年 9 月 14 日，约翰·威廉·贝施特 (John William Beschter) 短暂领导乔治敦学院，穆勒迪 (Mulledy) 被任命为乔治敦学院 (Georgetown College) 校长。
Several months before, Peter Kenney had been appointed apostolic visitor to the Jesuit mission in Maryland, and oversaw Mulledy, who was viewed cautiously by the Jesuit superiors in Europe for his ardent republicanism; at the same time, Mulledy was made a consultor to Kenney.
几个月前，彼得·肯尼被任命为马里兰州耶稣会传教团的宗座访问者，并监督穆勒迪。穆勒迪因其热心的共和主义而受到欧洲耶稣会高层的谨慎对待。与此同时，穆勒迪被任命为肯尼的顾问。
When he assumed the presidency, the state of Georgetown was poor; the number of students had dropped to only 45.
当他就任总统时，乔治敦州很穷；学生人数减少到只有45人。
By 1834, this had rebounded to 140.
到 1834 年，这一数字已回升至 140。
During his presidency, the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum was more fully implemented, primarily under the direction of the prefect of studies, George Fenwick.
在他担任总统期间，耶稣会比率工作室得到了更全面的实施，主要是在研究主管乔治·芬威克的指导下。
In May 1830, the first observation in the United States of the Month of Mary was undertaken by Georgetown's chapter of the Sodality of the Blessed Virgin, which had been founded in 1808 as the first chapter of the sodality in the United States.
1830 年 5 月，乔治敦圣母联谊会分会在美国首次庆祝了圣母月，该分会成立于 1808 年，是美国联谊会的第一分会。
With a growth in the number of books owned by the university under Mulledy's presidency, he undertook to organize the 12,000 volumes in a single library room in Old North on February 16, 1831.
在穆勒迪担任校长期间，随着大学拥有的图书数量不断增加，他于 1831 年 2 月 16 日开始在老北区的一个图书馆中整理 12,000 册图书。
Mulledy had a reputation for being relatively lax in enforcing discipline.
马勒迪因执行纪律相对宽松而闻名。
In 1833, a rebellion was staged by a group of several students who plotted to ambush and assault the prefect of studies, in response to the prefect's reporting of a student who imbibed to the point of intoxication at taverns when the class took a trip to the Capitol.
1833年，几名学生策划了一场叛乱，他们密谋伏击和袭击学习长，因为学习长报告了一名学生在全班同学去国会大厦时在酒馆喝酒喝醉的情况。
The plot was thwarted, and Mulledy expelled several of the students.
阴谋遭到挫败，穆勒迪开除了几名学生。
In March 1833, Pope Gregory XVI chartered Georgetown College as an ecclesiastical university, the first such institution in the United States.
1833 年 3 月，教皇格列高利十六世特许乔治城学院为一所教会大学，这是美国第一所此类机构。
This authorized it to grant canonical degrees in philosophy and theology.
这授权它授予哲学和神学的规范学位。
The college narrowly escaped destruction on December 10, 1836, when a carpenter's shed near the Walks caught fire.
1836 年 12 月 10 日，步行街附近的一个木匠棚失火，学院险些被毁。
The students and faculty worked to contain the flames and prevented their spread to the nearby dormitory.
学生和教职员工努力控制火势，防止火势蔓延到附近的宿舍。
During Mulledy's tenure, Georgetown was frequently visited by congressmen and senators.
在穆勒迪任职期间，国会议员和参议员经常访问乔治城。
On the whole, he was viewed as having effectively managed the college.
总的来说，他被认为有效地管理了学院。
Kenney reported back to Rome that Mulledy had been a successful administrator despite his "extremely impetuous enthusiasm and excessive patriotism." His first presidency of Georgetown ended in 1837, and he was succeeded by William McSherry.
肯尼向罗马报告说，穆勒迪尽管“极度冲动的热情和过度的爱国主义”，但他仍然是一位成功的行政官。他的第一任乔治城总统任期于 1837 年结束，威廉·麦克谢里 (William McSherry) 继任。
With the steady increase in the number of students during his presidency, and an influx of money as remuneration from a widow who entered the Georgetown Visitation Monastery and entrusted her son as a ward of Georgetown, Mulledy was able to construct a new infirmary building in 1831.
在他的总统任期内，随着学生人数的稳步增加，以及一位寡妇进入乔治城探访修道院并委托她的儿子作为乔治城的监护人，马勒迪的收入大量涌入，穆勒迪得以在 1831 年建造了一座新的医务室大楼。
This building was named Gervase Hall, after Brother Thomas Gervase, a missionary who sailed to Maryland aboard the voyage of The Ark and The Dove in 1634.
这座建筑被命名为杰维斯大厅 (Gervase Hall)，以纪念传教士托马斯·杰维斯 (Thomas Gervase) 兄弟，他于 1634 年乘坐方舟和鸽子号航行到马里兰州。
Notwithstanding the misgivings of the Jesuit province's treasurer, Francis Dzierozynski, about Mulledy's penchant for building despite the province's precarious finances, Mulledy undertook an even larger project the following year.
尽管耶稣会省的财务主管弗朗西斯·杰罗辛斯基(Francis Dzierozynski)对穆勒迪在该省财政不稳定的情况下热衷于建设的行为心存疑虑，但穆勒迪在第二年还是开展了一个更大的项目。
He was initially unable to fund a new building that would house a refectory, chapel, study hall, and dormitories; eventually, a Jesuit who owned property because he had not yet taken final vows offered Mulledy a substantial loan.
最初，他无法资助一座新建筑，该建筑将容纳餐厅、教堂、自习室和宿舍；最终，一位因尚未宣誓而拥有财产的耶稣会士向穆勒迪提供了一笔大额贷款。
With this money, groundbreaking on the new building occurred in July 1832 and was completed by July of the following year.
有了这笔钱，新建筑于 1832 年 7 月破土动工，并于次年 7 月竣工。
This building became known as Mulledy Hall.
这座建筑后来被称为穆勒迪大厅。
Erection of these two buildings was enabled by a loan of $7,000 from the widow of Stephen Decatur.
这两座建筑的建造是通过史蒂芬·迪凯特遗孀提供的 7,000 美元贷款完成的。
During Mulledy's presidency, "the Walks", a network of scenic paths through the backwoods of the campus, were created.
在穆勒迪担任校长期间，创建了“步行道”，这是一条穿过校园偏僻树林的风景优美的小路网络。
They were the result of Joseph West, a Jesuit brother's, purchase of the land for the college.
它们是耶稣会兄弟约瑟夫·韦斯特为学院购买土地的结果。
Following Congress' donation of land to Columbian College in 1832, Georgetown requested similar benefits.
1832 年国会向哥伦比亚学院捐赠土地后，乔治城大学也要求提供类似的福利。
The legislature eventually awarded Georgetown lots worth $25,000, (~$717,849 in 2024) the titles to which were transferred to the college on February 20, 1837.
立法机关最终授予乔治城价值 25,000 美元的土地（2024 年约为 717,849 美元），这些土地的所有权于 1837 年 2 月 20 日转移到学院。
Mulledy again took up the presidency of Georgetown on September 6, 1845, following his brother Samuel Mulledy.
1845 年 9 月 6 日，穆勒迪继其兄弟塞缪尔·穆勒迪之后再次担任乔治敦大学校长。
Soon thereafter, President James K.
此后不久，总统詹姆斯·K.
Polk requested that the Catholic Church send chaplains to minister to Catholic soldiers in the Mexican–American War; as a result, Mulledy's vice president and procurator left for the Rio Grande to minister to General Zachary Taylor's army.
波尔克要求天主教会派遣牧师在美墨战争中为天主教士兵服务；结果，穆勒迪的副总统兼检察官前往里奥格兰德，为扎卡里·泰勒将军的军队服务。
In 1848, due to popular uprisings in the Italian states, many Jesuits fled Italy and took refuge for a time at Georgetown College, including the future famed astronomer Angelo Secchi and scientist Giambattista Pianciani.
1848年，由于意大利各州民众起义，许多耶稣会士逃离意大利，在乔治敦学院避难一段时间，其中包括后来著名的天文学家安杰洛·塞基和科学家詹巴蒂斯塔·皮安恰尼。
That same year, Mulledy resigned as president of the college, and was succeeded by James Ryder.
同年，穆勒迪辞去学院院长职务，由詹姆斯·莱德继任。
In October 1837, Mulledy was appointed the provincial superior of the Maryland Province of the Jesuits.
1837年10月，马勒迪被任命为耶稣会马里兰省省长。
He succeeded William McSherry, the province's first provincial, who in turn succeeded Mulledy as president of Georgetown College.
他接替了该省第一位省长威廉·麦克谢里 (William McSherry)，后者又接替穆勒迪 (Mulledy) 担任乔治敦学院 (Georgetown College) 校长。
His leadership of the province proved dissatisfactory to the European Jesuits in the United States who took issue with Mulledy's laxity in discipline, including failing to enforce sacred silence and permitting overindulgence of alcohol and visitation of female guests in the Jesuits' quarters.
事实证明，他对该省的领导令美国的欧洲耶稣会士感到不满，他们对马勒迪的纪律松懈提出了质疑，包括未能强制执行神圣的沉默、允许过度酗酒以及在耶稣会士的住处拜访女性客人。
This eventually led to intervention by the Superior General in Rome, who ordered Mulledy to remedy these lapses in discipline.
这最终导致罗马高级将军的干预，他命令穆勒迪纠正这些纪律失误。
In 1838, Bishop Benedict Joseph Fenwick appointed Mulledy vicar general of the Diocese of Boston, which he held simultaneously as provincial superior.
1838 年，主教本尼迪克特·约瑟夫·芬威克 (Benedict Joseph Fenwick) 任命马勒迪为波士顿教区副主教，同时兼任该教区省长。
He was considered by Bishop John Dubois as one of the potential choices for coadjutor bishop for the Diocese of New York, but ultimately John Hughes was selected over him in 1838.
约翰·杜布瓦 (John Dubois) 主教认为他是纽约教区副主教的潜在人选之一，但最终约翰·休斯 (John Hughes) 在 1838 年取代他而当选。
Mulledy's building program left Georgetown College—and, by extension, the Maryland Jesuits—with considerable debt.
马勒迪的建筑计划给乔治城学院以及马里兰州耶稣会士留下了巨额债务。
Compounding the financial insecurity was that the Maryland Jesuits' plantations had been mismanaged and were not generating sufficient income to support the college.
马里兰州耶稣会士的种植园管理不善，无法产生足够的收入来支持学院，这加剧了财务上的不安全感。
To rectify the province's finances, Mulledy, as provincial, sold nearly all the slaves owned by the Jesuit Maryland Province to two planters in Louisiana.
为了整顿该省的财政，穆勒迪作为省长，将耶稣会马里兰省拥有的几乎所有奴隶卖给了路易斯安那州的两个种植园主。
This plan had been authorized by the Jesuit Superior General in Rome, Jan Roothaan, in late 1838 on the condition that the slave families not be separated and that they be sold to owners who would allow them to continue in their Catholic faith.
该计划于 1838 年末得到罗马耶稣会总会长扬·鲁坦 (Jan Roothaan) 的批准，条件是奴隶家庭不得分离，并将其出售给允许他们继续信仰天主教的主人。
Mulledy executed the sale of 272 slaves to Jesse Batey and Henry Johnson on June 19, 1838.
1838 年 6 月 19 日，穆勒迪将 272 名奴隶出售给杰西·贝蒂和亨利·约翰逊。
Despite Roothaan's order, it soon became evident that families were, indeed, separated.
尽管鲁坦下令，但很快人们就发现，这些家庭确实被离散了。
This sale provoked outcry among many of the province's Jesuits, who were opposed to slaveholding by the Jesuits and supported manumission of the slaves.
这次出售引起了该省许多耶稣会士的强烈抗议，他们反对耶稣会士蓄奴并支持解放奴隶。
These Jesuits sent graphic accounts of the sale to Roothaan, who was inclined toward removing Mulledy as provincial superior.
这些耶稣会士向鲁坦 (Roothaan) 发送了有关此次出售的生动描述，鲁坦倾向于解除穆勒迪的省长职务。
William McSherry convinced Roothaan to delay his decision and, along with Samuel Eccleston (the Archbishop of Baltimore), tried to persuade Mulledy to step down.
威廉·麦克谢里说服鲁坦推迟他的决定，并与塞缪尔·埃克莱斯顿（巴尔的摩大主教）一起试图说服穆勒迪下台。
Roothaan even contemplated expelling Mulledy from the Society of Jesus, but was persuaded otherwise by Eccleston.
鲁坦甚至考虑将穆勒迪逐出耶稣会，但被埃克莱斯顿说服了。
By August 1839, Roothaan ordered McSherry to inform Mulledy that he had been removed, for the twofold reasons of disobeying orders and of promoting scandal.
1839 年 8 月，鲁坦命令麦克谢里通知穆勒迪，他因不服从命令和煽动丑闻的双重原因而被免职。
By the time Roothaan came to this decision, McSherry had already convinced Mulledy to step down in late June and to go to Rome to explain himself to the church authorities.
当鲁坦做出这个决定时，麦克谢里已经说服穆勒迪在六月底下台，并前往罗马向教会当局解释自己的情况。
Mulledy resigned the day he received Roothaan's letter.
穆勒迪在收到鲁坦的信的当天就辞职了。
McSherry was made the acting provincial, and was later elected provincial despite being severely ill and near death.
麦克谢里被任命为代理省长，后来尽管身患重病且濒临死亡，但仍当选为省长。
Following Mulledy's meeting with Roothaan in Rome, he was assigned to teach English to young boys in Nice in the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, effectively as censure for his conduct in the slave sale affair.
穆勒迪在罗马与鲁坦会面后，他被指派在皮埃蒙特-撒丁岛王国的尼斯教年轻男孩英语，这实际上是对他在奴隶贩卖事件中行为的谴责。
During his exile, Mulledy wrote to Roothaan of his feelings of loneliness and sense of being forgotten.
在流亡期间，穆勒迪写信给鲁坦诉说他的孤独感和被遗忘的感觉。
Mulledy became an alcoholic, and later tried to break this habit with a year of abstinence.
穆勒迪成了一名酒鬼，后来试图通过一年的禁酒来改掉这个习惯。
With the intensity of the controversy waning, in the winter of 1841 and 1842, the province petitioned Roothaan to allow Mulledy to return to the United States.
随着争议的激烈程度逐渐减弱，1841 年和 1842 年冬天，该省向鲁坦请愿，允许穆勒迪返回美国。
Roothaan was particularly persuaded by Bishop Eccleston's request for Mulledy's return.
埃克莱斯顿主教要求穆勒迪回归的请求尤其说服了鲁坦。
Granting the request, Roothaan sent Mulledy to the Diocese of Boston, so as to keep him away from Maryland, where the scandal had taken place.
鲁坦同意了这一请求，将穆勒迪送到波士顿教区，以使他远离丑闻发生的马里兰州。
Bishop Benedict Joseph Fenwick of Boston established the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1843.
波士顿主教本尼迪克特·约瑟夫·芬威克于 1843 年在马萨诸塞州伍斯特建立了圣十字学院。
Following Roothaan's permission for Mulledy to leave Europe, Fenwick requested that Mulledy be appointed the first president of the college in 1843.
在鲁坦允许穆勒迪离开欧洲后，芬威克于 1843 年要求任命穆勒迪为学院的第一任校长。
Mulledy accepted this position and first arrived at Worcester on March 13, 1843.
Mulledy 接受了这个职位，并于 1843 年 3 月 13 日首次抵达伍斯特。
He oversaw the construction of the school's first building, whose cornerstone was laid on June 21, 1843.
他监督了学校第一座建筑的建设，并于 1843 年 6 月 21 日奠基。
Originally known as the college building, it was later named Fenwick Hall, and was entirely destroyed by fire in 1852.
最初被称为学院大楼，后来被命名为芬威克厅 (Fenwick Hall)，并于 1852 年被大火完全烧毁。
Regularly inspecting progress on the building's initial construction, he eventually moved to Worcester permanently on September 28, 1843.
他定期检查建筑物初始施工的进度，最终于 1843 年 9 月 28 日永久搬到伍斯特。
He first lived in a farmhouse at the foot of the hill on which the college was built, along with a Jesuit candidate and a Jesuit brother.
他首先住在学院所在山脚下的一间农舍里，与一名耶稣会候选人和一名耶稣会修士住在一起。
The college building was completed on January 13, 1844.
学院大楼于1844年1月13日竣工。
Relations between Mulledy and Fenwick were strained by the fact that Mulledy wished to have independence in deciding to accept candidates for the Jesuit novitiate.
由于穆勒迪希望独立决定接受耶稣会见习候选人，穆勒迪和芬威克之间的关系变得紧张。
Mulledy eventually prevailed on this matter.
Mulledy 最终在这个问题上取得了胜利。
Moreover, within three months of the college's opening, Mulledy received directions from Fenwick to significantly curtail the college's expenses, admonishing him to exercise greater frugality.
此外，在学院开业后的三个月内，穆勒迪收到芬威克的指示，要求大幅削减学院的开支，并告诫他要更加节俭。
He was unable to offset operating costs with tuition fees and other income.
他无法用学费和其他收入来抵消运营成本。
In light of steadily increasing enrollment and accompanying overcrowding, the college was greatly aided by a donation of $1,000 (~$32,848 in 2024) from Andrew Carney in March 1844.
鉴于入学人数稳步增加以及随之而来的人满为患，学院得到了安德鲁·卡尼 (Andrew Carney) 于 1844 年 3 月捐赠的 1,000 美元（2024 年约为 32,848 美元）的大力援助。
Given Mulledy's worsening relationship with Fenwick, his presidency came to an end in 1845, and he returned to Georgetown; he was succeeded by James Ryder.
鉴于穆勒迪与芬威克的关系日益恶化，他的总统任期于 1845 年结束，返回乔治敦；他的继任者是詹姆斯·莱德。
Mulledy was elected the procurator of the Maryland province in 1847 at the province's general congregation, following heated clashes between himself and his fellow Jesuits, including James Ryder.
1847 年，穆勒迪在马里兰州大会上当选为马里兰省检察官，此前他与包括詹姆斯·莱德 (James Ryder) 在内的耶稣会同僚发生了激烈冲突。
A Belgian Jesuit, Peter Verhaegen, wrote to Roothaan that Mulledy had been "imperious and despotic," and severely condemned his hostile temperament and breach of fraternity.
比利时耶稣会士彼得·维尔哈根 (Peter Verhaegen) 写信给鲁坦，称穆勒迪“专横专横”，并严厉谴责他的敌对性格和对兄弟情谊的破坏。
The new provincial superior, Ignatius Brocard, transferred Mulledy to Philadelphia, where he continued as procurator, before being sent to Frederick, Maryland in 1850 as president of St. John's Literary Institution, succeeding Charles H.
新任省长伊格纳修斯·布罗卡德 (Ignatius Brocard) 将穆勒迪调往费城，继续担任检察官，随后于 1850 年被派往马里兰州弗雷德里克，接替查尔斯·H·穆勒迪 (Charles H.
Stonestreet.
石街。
The president of the school also served as the pastor of St. John the Evangelist Church.
学校校长还担任圣约翰福音传教士教堂的牧师。
Mulledy advocated for an English-only curriculum, rather than teaching classes in Latin, so as to not drive away students into Protestant schools that taught in English.
穆勒迪主张只开设英语课程，而不是用拉丁语授课，以免将学生赶到用英语授课的新教学校。
During his tenure, Mulledy enforced very strict discipline, prompting a mass walk-out of the older students in the school.
在他任职期间，穆勒迪执行了非常严格的纪律，促使学校高年级学生大规模罢课。
In response, he expelled a majority of them, reducing the once-regional student body to one solely from the city of Frederick.
作为回应，他驱逐了其中的大多数学生，将曾经的地区性学生团体减少到仅来自弗雷德里克市的学生团体。
This sent the school into a decline from which it never recovered.
这使学校陷入衰落，再也没有恢复过来。
Upon the end of his term, Mulledy was succeeded by Burchard Villiger.
任期结束后，穆勒迪由伯查德·维利格继任。
He then was assigned to Alexandria, Virginia for a short while on a pastoral mission.
随后，他被派往弗吉尼亚州亚历山大市执行短期牧灵任务。
In the fall of 1854, Mulledy was again sent to the College of the Holy Cross, where he was made the prefect of studies and spiritual prefect.
1854年秋天，穆勒迪再次被送往圣十字学院，在那里他被任命为学习长和精神长。
He remained in this position until 1857.
他一直担任这个职位直到 1857 年。
When asked to teach Latin and Ancient Greek, he declined on the grounds that his competence in the subjects had diminished with age.
当被要求教授拉丁语和古希腊语时，他拒绝了，理由是他在这些科目上的能力随着年龄的增长而下降。
Instead, Mulledy much preferred to deliver sermons, of which he compiled a file.
相反，穆勒迪更喜欢发表布道，他将布道整理成一个文件。
With the rise of the Know Nothing movement across the United States, and the 1854 victory of the party in winning control of the Massachusetts General Court, a Joint Special Committee on the Inspection of Nunneries and Convents was formed to investigate Catholic institutions.
随着美国各地“一无所知”运动的兴起，以及该党于 1854 年赢得马萨诸塞州普通法院的控制权，成立了一个联合特别委员会，对修道院和修道院进行检查，以调查天主教机构。
A rumor began circulating in July of that year that Holy Cross was being used as a weapons depot for an eventual Catholic revolution.
那年 7 月，有谣言开始流传，称圣十字被用作最终天主教革命的武器库。
Consequently, the committee arrived in March to investigate the college, and was escorted around the premises by Mulledy.
因此，委员会于三月份抵达该学院调查，并在穆勒迪的陪同下参观了学院。
Upon finding no truth to the rumor, they left.
在发现谣言不真实后，他们离开了。
Mulledy once again returned to Washington in 1857, where he served as pastor of Holy Trinity Church in Georgetown until 1858.
1857年，穆勒迪再次返回华盛顿，担任乔治城圣三一教堂的牧师直至1858年。
He then went again to Philadelphia for two years, the latter of which he spent as superior at Saint Joseph's College.
然后，他再次前往费城学习了两年，后者在圣约瑟夫学院担任院长。
Mulledy died of "dropsy" on July 20, 1860, at Georgetown College.
1860 年 7 月 20 日，穆勒迪因“水肿”在乔治敦学院去世。
He was buried in the Jesuit Community Cemetery on Georgetown's campus.
他被埋葬在乔治城校园的耶稣会社区公墓。
In 2015, controversy arose at Georgetown University over the name of Mulledy Hall due to its namesake's connection with slavery.
2015年，乔治城大学因马勒迪厅的名称与奴隶制有关而引发争议。
This resulted in the building being temporarily renamed Freedom Hall.
这导致该建筑暂时更名为自由大厅。
In 2017, the president of the university, John DeGioia, announced that the hall would be permanently renamed Isaac Hawkins Hall, taking the first name listed on the register of slaves sold in 1838.
2017 年，大学校长约翰·德吉奥亚 (John DeGioia) 宣布，该大厅将永久更名为艾萨克·霍金斯大厅 (Isaac Hawkins Hall)，采用 1838 年出售奴隶登记册上列出的第一个名字。
In similar fashion, Mulledy Hall at the College of the Holy Cross, which opened in 1966, was renamed Brooks–Mulledy Hall in 2016.
同样，圣十字学院的穆勒迪大厅于 1966 年启用，于 2016 年更名为布鲁克斯-穆勒迪大厅。
The intent of this dual name was to retain its recognition of Mulledy as a founder of the college, while simultaneously recognizing John E.
这个双重名称的目的是保留对穆勒迪作为学院创始人的认可，同时承认约翰·E·穆勒迪。
Brooks, who worked to racially integrate the campus of Holy Cross in 1968 and who later was its president.
布鲁克斯于 1968 年致力于实现圣十字校区的种族融合，后来担任该校校长。
However, in 2020, the college removed Mulledy's name from the building and it became Brooks Hall.
然而，2020 年，学院从大楼中删除了 Mulledy 的名字，并更名为 Brooks Hall。
Thomas F.
托马斯·F.
Mulledy at Find a Grave
穆勒迪在寻找坟墓
Appearance in the records of the Georgetown Slavery Archive
出现在乔治敦奴隶制档案馆的记录中