Seleucus VI Epiphanes (Wikipedia featured)

Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator (Ancient Greek: Σέλευκος Ἐπιφανής Νικάτωρ, romanized: Séleukos Epiphanḗs Nīkā́tōr; between 124 and 109 BC – 94 BC) was a Seleucid monarch who ruled Syria between 96 and 94 BC.

塞琉古六世·埃皮法尼斯·尼卡托（古希腊语：Σέλευκος Ἐπιφανής Νικάτωρ，罗马化：Séleukos Epiphanḗs Nīkā́tōr；公元前 124 年至 109 年至公元前 94 年）是一位塞琉古君主，于公元前 96 年至 94 年统治叙利亚。

He ascended the throne after the assassination of his father, Antiochus VIII.

他在其父亲安提阿古八世遇刺后即位。

Antiochus VIII's half-brother and rival, Antiochus IX, then occupied the capital Antioch while Seleucus VI established his power-base in western Cilicia and himself prepared for war.

安条克八世的同父异母兄弟和竞争对手安条克九世随后占领了首都安条克，而塞琉古六世则在西里西亚建立了自己的权力基础，并为战争做好了准备。

In 95 BC, Antiochus IX marched against his nephew, but lost the battle and was killed.

公元前95年，安条克九世向他的侄子进军，但失败并被杀。

Seleucus VI became the master of the capital but had to share Syria with his brother Demetrius III, based in Damascus, and his cousin, Antiochus IX's son Antiochus X.

塞琉古六世成为首都的主人，但不得不与他的兄弟德米特里三世（驻扎在大马士革）和他的表弟安提阿古九世的儿子安提阿古十世分享叙利亚。

According to the ancient historian Appian, Seleucus VI was a violent ruler.

根据古代历史学家阿庇安的说法，塞琉古六世是一位残暴的统治者。

He taxed his dominions extensively to support his wars, and resisted allowing the cities a measure of autonomy, as had been the practice of former kings.

他对自己的领土征收广泛的税收来支持他的战争，并拒绝像前国王那样给予城市一定程度的自治权。

His reign did not last long; in 94 BC, he was expelled from Antioch by Antiochus X, who followed him to the Cilician city of Mopsuestia.

他的统治并没有持续多久。公元前94年，他被安条克十世驱逐出安条克，并跟随他来到奇里乞亚城市莫普苏埃斯蒂亚。

Seleucus took shelter in the city where his attempts to raise money led to riots that eventually claimed his life in 94 BC.

塞琉古在这座城市避难，他试图筹集资金，结果引发了骚乱，最终于公元前 94 年夺去了他的生命。

Ancient traditions have different versions of his death, but he was most probably burned alive by the rioters.

古代传说对他的死亡有不同的版本，但他很可能是被暴徒活活烧死的。

Following his demise, his brothers Antiochus XI and Philip I destroyed Mopsuestia as an act of revenge and their armies fought those of Antiochus X.

在他死后，他的兄弟安条克十一世和腓力一世摧毁了莫普苏埃斯蒂亚作为报复，他们的军队与安条克十世的军队作战。

"Seleucus" was a dynastic name in the Seleucid dynasty, and it is the Macedonian variant of the Greek Ζάλευκος (zaleucus), meaning 'the shining white'.

“塞琉古”是塞琉古王朝的一个王朝名称，是希腊语Ζάλευκος（zaleucus）的马其顿变体，意思是“闪亮的白色”。

Antiochus VIII married the Ptolemaic Egyptian princess Tryphaena in c.

安提阿古八世于约公元 1700 年与埃及托勒密王朝公主特菲娜 (Tryphaena) 结婚。

124 BC, shortly after his ascension to the throne; Seleucus VI was the couple's eldest son.

公元前124年，他即位后不久；塞琉古六世是这对夫妇的长子。

From 113 BC, Antiochus VIII had to contend with his half-brother Antiochus IX for the throne.

从公元前113年开始，安提阿古八世不得不与同父异母的兄弟安提阿古九世争夺王位。

The civil war continued for more than a decade; it claimed the life of Tryphaena in 109 BC, and ended when Antiochus VIII was assassinated in 96 BC.

内战持续了十多年。它于公元前 109 年夺去了特里菲娜 (Tryphaena) 的生命，并于公元前 96 年安条克八世被刺杀后结束。

In the aftermath of his brother's murder, Antiochus IX advanced on the capital Antioch and took it; he also married the second wife and widow of Antiochus VIII, Cleopatra Selene.

在他的兄弟被谋杀后，安提阿古九世向首都安提阿进发并占领了它。他还娶了安条克八世的第二任妻子和遗孀克利奥帕特拉·塞琳娜。

According to an inscription, the city of Priene sent honors to "Seleucus son of King Antiochus son of King Demetrius"; the embassy probably took place before Seleucus VI ascended the throne as the inscription does not mention him as a king.

根据铭文，普里埃内市向“德米特里国王的儿子安条克国王的儿子塞琉古”致以荣誉；使馆可能是在塞琉古六世登基之前建立的，因为铭文中没有提到他作为国王。

The embassy of Priene probably met Seleucus VI in Cilicia; Antiochus VIII might have sent his son to that region as a strategos.

普里埃内的使节很可能在西里西亚会见了塞琉古六世；安条克八世可能派他的儿子到那个地区担任将军。

Following his father's death, Seleucus VI declared himself king and took the city of Seleucia on the Calycadnus in western Cilicia as his base, while his brother Demetrius III took Damascus.

在他父亲死后，塞琉古六世宣布自己为国王，并占领了西里西亚西部卡利卡德努斯的塞琉西亚城作为他的基地，而他的兄弟德米特里三世则占领了大马士革。

The volume of coins minted by the new king in Seleucia on the Calycadnus surpassed any other mint known from the late Seleucid period, and most of the coins were produced during his preparations for war against Antiochus IX, a conflict that would end in the year 96/95 BC (217 SE (Seleucid year)).

塞琉西亚的新国王在卡利卡德努斯铸造的硬币数量超过了塞琉古时期晚期已知的任何其他铸币厂，并且大部分硬币是在他准备与安条克九世的战争期间生产的，这场冲突将于公元前 96/95 年（东南 217 年（塞琉古年））结束。

This led the numismatist Arthur Houghton to suggest an earlier death for Antiochus VIII and a longer reign for Seleucus VI beginning in 98 or 97 BC instead of 96 BC.

这使得钱币学家阿瑟·霍顿建议安条克八世较早去世，塞琉古六世在位时间较长，从公元前 98 或 97 年开始，而不是公元前 96 年。

The numismatist Oliver D.

钱币学家奥利弗·D.

Hoover contested Houghton's hypothesis, as it was not rare for a king to double his production in a single year at times of need, and the academic consensus prefers the year 96 BC for the death of Antiochus VIII.

胡佛对霍顿的假设提出质疑，因为国王在需要时在一年内将产量翻倍的情况并不罕见，而且学术界一致认为安条克八世的去世时间是公元前 96 年。

Ancient Hellenistic kings did not use regnal numbers.

古代希腊化时期的国王不使用统治号码。

Instead, they employed epithets to distinguish themselves from other kings with similar names; the numbering of kings is a modern practice.

相反，他们使用绰号来将自己与其他名字相似的国王区分开来。国王的编号是一种现代做法。

Seleucus VI appeared on his coins with the epithets Epiphanes (God Manifest) and Nicator (Victorious).

塞琉古六世在他的硬币上出现了“Epiphanes”（上帝显现）和“Nicator”（胜利）的绰号。

As being the son of Antiochus VIII was the source of his legitimacy as king, Seleucus VI sought to emphasize his descent by depicting himself on the coinage with an exaggerated hawk-nose in the likeness of his father.

由于安条克八世的儿子是他作为国王的合法性的来源，塞琉古六世试图通过在硬币上将自己描绘成他父亲的夸张鹰鼻子来强调他的血统。

Another iconographic element of Seleucus VI's coinage is the short vertical stubby horns above the temple area; the meaning of this motif has been debated among scholars.

塞琉古六世铸币的另一个标志性元素是神庙区域上方的短而垂直的粗角。学者们对这一主题的含义存在争议。

It is likely an allusion to Seleucus VI's descent from his grandfather Demetrius II, who utilized the same motif.

这很可能暗指塞琉古六世是他祖父德米特里二世的后裔，德米特里二世也使用了同样的主题。

The specific meaning of the horns is not clear, but it could have been an indication that the king was a manifestation of a god; the stubby horns sported by Seleucus VI probably carried the same meaning as those of his grandfather.

角的具体含义尚不清楚，但它可能表明国王是神的化身；塞琉古六世所拥有的粗短的角可能与他祖父的角具有相同的含义。

In the Seleucid dynasty, currency struck during campaigns against a rival (or usurper) showed the king with a beard.

在塞琉古王朝，在对抗对手（或篡位者）的战役中铸造的货币显示国王留着胡子。

Seleucus VI was depicted with a beard, which was later removed from coins, indicating the fulfilment of a vengeance vow to avenge his father.

塞琉古六世被描绘成留着胡须，后来被从硬币上取下，表明他履行了为父亲报仇的复仇誓言。

In Seleucia on the Calycadnus, Seleucus VI prepared for war against his uncle, whose forces probably occupied central Cilicia and confined his nephew to the western parts of the region.

在卡利卡德努斯的塞琉西亚，塞琉古六世准备与他的叔叔开战，他的叔叔的军队可能占领了奇里西亚中部，并将他的侄子限制在该地区的西部地区。

The king needed a harbor for Seleucia on the Calycadnus and probably founded the city of Elaiussa to serve that purpose.

国王需要在卡利卡德努斯 (Calycadnus) 上为塞琉西亚 (Seleucia) 建立一个港口，并可能为此目的而建立了埃莱尤萨 (Elaiussa) 城。

Seleucus VI gathered funds for his coming war from the cities of Cilicia, including Mopsuestia, which seems to have been taxed on several occasions.

塞琉古六世从西里西亚的城市（包括莫普苏埃斯蒂亚）为他即将到来的战争筹集资金，这些城市似乎曾多次被征税。

During his reign, it is estimated that Seleucus VI produced 1,200 talents of coins to support his war effort, enough to pay ten thousand soldiers for two years.

据估计，塞琉古六世在位期间生产了 1,200 塔兰特的硬币来支持他的战争努力，足以支付一万名士兵两年的费用。

On the reverse of bronze coins produced in a mint whose location is not known, coded uncertain mint 125, a motif depicting a chelys formed in the shape of a Macedonian shield appeared on the reverse.

产地不明的造币厂（编码为不确定造币厂 125）所生产的青铜币的背面，有一个马其顿盾牌形状的 chelys 图案。

This motif was probably meant to rally the support of military Macedonian colonists in the region.

这一主题可能是为了争取该地区马其顿军事殖民者的支持。

Those coins were probably produced in Syria, in a city half the way between Tarsus in Cilicia and Antioch; therefore, they were probably minted in the course of Seleucus VI's campaign against Antiochus IX.

这些硬币可能是在叙利亚生产的，位于西里西亚的塔尔苏斯和安条克之间的一座城市；因此，它们可能是在塞琉古六世对抗安条克九世的战役中铸造的。

Antiochus IX took note of Seleucus VI's preparations; after the latter started his march on Antioch in 95 BC, Antiochus IX left the capital and moved against his nephew.

安条克九世注意到了塞琉古六世的准备工作。公元前95年，后者向安条克进军后，安条克九世离开首都，向他的侄子发起进攻。

Seleucus VI emerged victorious while his uncle lost his life, either by committing suicide according to the 3rd-century historian Eusebius, or by being executed according to the 1st-century historian Josephus.

塞琉古六世取得了胜利，而他的叔叔却丧生了，根据3世纪历史学家尤西比乌斯的说法，要么是自杀，要么根据1世纪历史学家约瑟夫斯的说法，他是被处决的。

Soon afterwards, Seleucus VI entered the capital; Cleopatra Selene probably fled before his arrival.

不久之后，塞琉古六世进入首都。克利奥帕特拉·塞琳娜可能在他到来之前就逃跑了。

In 144 SE (169/168 BC), King Antiochus IV allowed nineteen cities to mint municipal bronze coinage in their own names, indicating his awareness of the mutual dependency of cities and the monarchy on each other.

公元144年（公元前169/168），国王安条克四世允许十九个城市以自己的名字铸造市政青铜币，表明他意识到城市和君主政体之间相互依赖。

This movement towards greater autonomy continued as the cities sought to emancipate themselves from the central power, adding the phrase "sacred and autonomous" to their coinage.

随着城市寻求将自己从中央权力中解放出来，并在其造词中添加了“神圣和自治”一词，这种争取更大自治权的运动仍在继续。

Seleucus VI did not follow the policy of his forebears.

塞琉古六世没有遵循他祖先的政策。

In Cilicia, as long as he reigned, autonomy was not granted; a change in the political status of Cilician cities was apparently not acceptable for Seleucus VI.

在西里西亚，只要他在位，就不会被授予自治权。塞琉古六世显然不能接受西里西亚城市政治地位的改变。

Seleucus VI controlled Cilicia and Syria Seleucis (Northern Syria).

塞琉古六世控制了西里西亚和叙利亚塞琉古（叙利亚北部）。

Antiochus IX had a son, Antiochus X; according to Josephus, he fled to the city of Aradus where he declared himself king.

安提阿古九世有一个儿子，安提阿古十世。根据约瑟夫斯的说法，他逃到阿拉杜斯城，在那里宣布自己为国王。

Seleucus VI attempted to kill his cousin and rival but the plot failed, and Antiochus X married Cleopatra Selene to enhance his position.

塞琉古六世试图杀死他的表弟和对手，但阴谋失败，安条克十世与克利奥帕特拉·塞勒涅结婚以增强他的地位。

The archaeologist Alfred Bellinger believed that Seleucus VI prepared for his coming war against Antiochus X in Elaiussa.

考古学家阿尔弗雷德·贝林格认为，塞琉古六世为即将在埃莱尤萨与安条克十世的战争做好了准备。

In 94 BC, Antiochus X advanced on the capital Antioch and drove Seleucus VI out of northern Syria into Cilicia.

公元前94年，安条克十世进军首都安条克，将塞琉古六世从叙利亚北部赶到奇里乞亚。

According to Eusebius, the final battle took place near Mopsuestia, and ended with the defeat of Seleucus VI.

根据尤西比乌斯的说法，最后的战斗发生在莫普苏埃斯蒂亚附近，并以塞琉古六世的失败而结束。

Described by the 2nd-century historian Appian as "violent and extremely tyrannical", Seleucus VI took shelter in Mopsuestia, and attempted to tax the residents again, which led to his death during riots.

被2世纪历史学家阿庇安描述为“暴力且极其残暴”的塞琉古六世在莫普苏埃斯蒂亚避难，并试图再次向居民征税，导致他在骚乱中身亡。

The year of his demise is not clear; Eusebius placed it in 216 SE (97/96 BC), which is impossible considering that a market weight of Seleucus VI from Antioch dated to 218 SE (95/94 BC) has been discovered.

他去世的年份并不清楚。优西比乌斯将其定为 216 SE（公元前 97/96），考虑到安条克塞琉古六世的市场重量可追溯至 218 SE（公元前 95/94），这是不可能的。

The 4th-century historian Jerome has 219 SE (94/93 BC) as the year of Seleucus VI's demise, which is more plausible.

4世纪历史学家杰罗姆将公元219年（公元前94/93年）作为塞琉古六世的灭亡年份，这更为合理。

The year 94 BC is the academically accepted date for the death of Seleucus VI.

公元前 94 年是学术界公认的塞琉古六世逝世日期。

No spouse or children were recorded for Seleucus VI.

塞琉古六世没有配偶或子女的记录。

According to the 1st-century biographer Plutarch, the 1st-century BC Roman general Lucullus said that the Armenian king, Tigranes II, who conquered Syria in 83 BC, "put to death the successors of Seleucus, and [carried] off their wives and daughters into captivity".

根据一世纪传记作家普鲁塔克的记载，公元前一世纪的罗马将军卢库卢斯说，公元前 83 年征服叙利亚的亚美尼亚国王提格拉内斯二世“处死了塞琉古的继承者，并[掳走了]他们的妻子和女儿”。

Given the fragmentary nature of ancient sources regarding the late Seleucid period, the statement of Lucullus leaves open the existence of a wife or daughter of Seleucus VI.

鉴于有关塞琉古时期晚期的古代资料的支离破碎性，卢库卢斯的陈述留下了塞琉古六世妻子或女儿存在的可能性。

Ancient traditions preserve three accounts regarding Seleucus VI's death: the oldest, by Josephus, has a mob burning the king and his courtiers in the royal palace.

古代传统保留了关于塞琉古六世之死的三种说法：最古老的说法是约瑟夫斯所著，有一群暴民在王宫烧死了国王和他的朝臣。

Appian shares the burning account but has the city's gymnasium as the scene.

阿皮安分享了燃烧的故事，但以城市的体育馆为场景。

According to Eusebius, Seleucus VI discovered the intention of the residents to burn him, and took his own life.

根据尤西比乌斯的说法，塞琉古六世发现了居民烧死他的意图，并结束了自己的生命。

Bellinger considered the account of Josephus to be the most probable; he noted that Eusebius presented suicide accounts for other Seleucid kings who were recorded as having been killed by other historians, such as Alexander I and Antiochus IX.

贝林格认为约瑟夫斯的说法最有可能。他指出，尤西比乌斯为其他塞琉古国王提供了自杀记录，这些国王被记录为被其他历史学家杀死，例如亚历山大一世和安提阿古九世。

Bellinger believed that the 3rd-century historian Porphyry, the source of Eusebius' stories about the Seleucids, was attempting to "tone down somewhat the horrors of the Seleucid house".

贝林格认为，三世纪历史学家波菲利（尤西比乌斯关于塞琉古王朝的故事的来源）试图“在一定程度上淡化塞琉古王朝的恐怖”。

The city of Athens shared a close relation with the Seleucid kings, and statues of Syrian monarchs set up by Athenian citizens on the island of Delos testify to this; a citizen named Dionysius dedicated a statue for Seleucus VI between 96 and 94 BC.

雅典城与塞琉古国王有着密切的关系，雅典公民在提洛岛上树立的叙利亚君主雕像就证明了这一点；公元前 96 至 94 年间，一位名叫狄奥尼修斯 (Dionysius) 的公民为塞琉古六世 (Seleucus VI) 奉献了一尊雕像。

In deference to his late brother, King Antiochus XI adopted the epithet Philadelphus (brother loving).

为了纪念他已故的兄弟，安条克十一世国王采用了 Philadelphus（兄弟之爱）这个绰号。

Along with his twin Philip I, Antiochus XI proceeded to avenge Seleucus VI; the brothers sacked and destroyed Mopsuestia.

安条克十一世与他的双胞胎腓力一世一起为塞琉古六世报仇。兄弟们洗劫并摧毁了莫普苏埃斯蒂亚。

Antiochus XI then headed to Antioch in 93 BC and expelled Antiochus X.

安提阿古十一世随后于公元前 93 年前往安提阿并驱逐了安提阿古十世。

List of Syrian monarchs

叙利亚君主列表

Timeline of Syrian history

叙利亚历史年表

Seleukid history according to the Chronika of Porphyrios of Tyre (AD 232/3–305) preserved in the Chronikon (1.40) of Eusebios of Caesarea (AD 260–340) from the website of numismatist Oliver D.

根据提尔的 Porphyrios（公元 232/3-305 年）的 Chronika，保存在凯撒利亚的尤西比奥斯（公元 260-340 年）的 Chronikon (1.40) 中的塞琉古历史，来自钱币学家 Oliver D.

Hoover.

胡佛。

The biography of Seleucus VI in the website of the numismatist Petr Veselý.

钱币学家 Petr Veselý 网站上的塞琉古六世传记。