Saline Valley salt tram (Wikipedia featured)

The Saline Valley salt tram is located in Inyo County, California, United States.

盐谷盐电车位于美国加利福尼亚州因约县。

The electric aerial tramway was constructed from 1911 to 1913 to carry salt from the Saline Valley over the Inyo Mountains and into the Owens Valley.

电动空中缆车于 1911 年至 1913 年间修建，用于将盐从盐谷运送到因约山脉并进入欧文斯山谷。

Covering a distance of 13.4 mi (21.6 km), it operated sporadically from 1913 to 1935 for four different companies.

它的距离为 13.4 英里（21.6 公里），从 1913 年到 1935 年为四家不同的公司零星运营。

During its operation, it was the steepest tram in the United States.

在运营期间，它是美国最陡的有轨电车。

The tram was built for the Saline Valley Salt Company (SVSC) by the Trenton Iron Company, but the costs of its construction and operation were ruinously expensive for the SVSC.

该有轨电车是特伦顿钢铁公司为盐谷盐业公司 (SVSC) 建造的，但其建设和运营成本对于 SVSC 来说是极其昂贵的。

The salt mining operation and tram were leased in 1915 to the Owens Valley Salt Company until it went bankrupt in 1918.

1915 年，盐矿开采作业和有轨电车被出租给欧文斯谷盐业公司，直到该公司于 1918 年破产。

In 1920, the tram was taken over by the Trenton Iron Company, which sold it to the Sierra Salt Company in 1928.

1920 年，有轨电车被特伦顿钢铁公司 (Trenton Iron Company) 接管，并于 1928 年将其出售给塞拉盐业公司 (Sierra Salt Company)。

The Sierra Salt Company put it back into service until the company went bankrupt in 1935.

Sierra 盐业公司将其重新投入使用，直到 1935 年该公司破产。

The tram was included in the National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 1974.

该有轨电车于 1974 年 12 月 31 日被列入国家史迹名录。

The extraction of salt from the Saline Valley began in 1864, when a farmer residing in the nearby Owens Valley gathered salt from a 12 mi2 (31 km2) deposit at the southeastern end of the valley.

从盐谷开采盐业始于 1864 年，当时居住在附近欧文斯谷的一位农民从该谷东南端 12 英里（31 平方公里）的矿床中采集盐。

The farmer sold the 99% pure salt to other settlers in the Owens Valley.

这位农民将 99% 的纯盐出售给欧文斯山谷的其他定居者。

Located between the Panamint Range and the Inyo Mountains, access to the Saline Valley was difficult; the transportation of salt before the tram from the Saline Valley to the Owens Valley took two days by wagon despite a straight line distance of only 12 mi (19 km).

位于帕纳明特山脉和因约山脉之间，进入盐谷很困难；尽管直线距离只有 12 英里（19 公里），但从盐谷到欧文斯谷的盐在有轨电车之前用马车运输需要两天时间。

Nearly four decades later, in 1902, the Conn and Trudo Borax Company established a borax mine in the Saline Valley.

近四十年后，即 1902 年，康恩和特鲁多硼砂公司 (Conn and Trudo Borax Company) 在盐谷建立了一座硼砂矿。

The next year, White Smith, a Tennessee-born attorney working for Conn and Trudo as a teamster, organized the Saline Valley Salt Company (SVSC).

第二年，田纳西州出生的律师怀特·史密斯（White Smith）为康恩和特鲁多担任卡车司机，他组建了盐谷盐业公司（SVSC）。

The SVSC mined the valley's salt on a small scale from 1903 until the company's president, L.

SVSC 从 1903 年开始小规模开采山谷中的盐，直到公司总裁 L.

Bourland, died in 1905.

伯兰，于 1905 年去世。

Thereafter, Smith took over its direction and began seeking investors to enlarge the SVSC's operations.

此后，史密斯接管了它的领导权，并开始寻找投资者来扩大 SVSC 的业务。

In 1908, the SVSC began studying how to move salt more economically from the Saline Valley to the Southern Pacific railroad station near Keeler, California.

1908 年，SVSC 开始研究如何更经济地将盐从盐谷运至加利福尼亚州基勒附近的南太平洋火车站。

The company first considered a railway, which could also carry ore from nearby copper mines.

该公司首先考虑修建铁路，该铁路也可以运输附近铜矿的矿石。

This was ruled out as a viable option because of the ruggedness of the Inyo Mountains.

由于伊尼奥山脉崎岖不平，这被排除为可行的选择。

The SVSC next considered moving the salt as brine through a pipeline, which the company saw as relatively inexpensive to construct.

SVSC 接下来考虑通过管道将盐作为盐水输送，该公司认为建造管道相对便宜。

A pipeline would not allow for the moving of freight into the Saline Valley, however, and in 1911 the SVSC decided to instead construct an aerial tram.

然而，管道不允许将货物运送到盐谷，因此 SVSC 于 1911 年决定建造空中有轨电车。

In order to determine the route and cost of the tramway, the SVSC began a survey of the region to be crossed in April 1911.

为了确定有轨电车的路线和成本，SVSC 于 1911 年 4 月开始对要穿越的地区进行调查。

The terrain was so difficult that some canyons required several days to traverse.

地形十分险峻，有些峡谷需要几天时间才能穿越。

The route was finalized in July 1911.

该路线于 1911 年 7 月最终确定。

On August 14, the SVSC hired the Trenton Iron Company, a subsidiary of the American Steel and Wire Company, to build the tramway.

8月14日，SVSC聘请美国钢铁线材公司子公司特伦顿钢铁公司建造该有轨电车轨道。

Work began on September 1, and was complicated by the climate – workers labored in temperatures as high as 120 °F (49 °C) – and terrain.

工作于 9 月 1 日开始，由于气候（工人们在高达 120°F（49°C）的温度下工作）和地形而变得复杂。

To transport materials, a road on the western slopes was extended and a team of eight horses was employed for pulling supplies.

为了运输物资，在西坡延伸了一条道路，并雇用了八匹马来拉动物资。

On the eastern slopes, where construction of a road was made impossible by the terrain, a temporary, two-cable aerial tram was constructed.

在东坡，由于地形原因无法修建道路，因此修建了一条临时的两根电缆空中缆车。

Construction was expected to have been completed by May 1912 at a cost of $250,000 to $500,000 ($8.64 million to $17.3 million as of 2025).

工程预计于 1912 年 5 月完工，成本为 25 万至 50 万美元（截至 2025 年为 864 万至 1,730 万美元）。

Instead, work was not completed until July 2, 1913, at a cost of $750,000 ($24.4 million as of 2025).

相反，工程直到 1913 年 7 月 2 日才完成，耗资 75 万美元（截至 2025 年为 2,440 万美元）。

The SVSC could not afford to continue its operations and in 1915 leased them to the Owens Valley Salt Company, which operated in the Saline Valley until it went bankrupt in 1918.

SVSC 无力继续运营，于 1915 年将其出租给欧文斯谷盐业公司 (Owens Valley Salt Company)，该公司在盐谷经营直至 1918 年破产。

In 1920, the Taylor Milling Company restarted the Saline Valley salt operation but went bankrupt after a year, and the tram was repossessed by the Trenton Iron Company.

1920年，泰勒制粉公司重新启动了盐谷制盐业务，但一年后破产，有轨电车被特伦顿钢铁公司收回。

The Sierra Salt Company reopened the mining operation in 1925 but did not use the tram until they purchased it in 1928.

Sierra Salt Company 于 1925 年重新开放采矿作业，但直到 1928 年购买了有轨电车后才使用它。

In 1935, the company went bankrupt and the Saline Valley operation was closed.

1935 年，公司破产，盐谷业务也被关闭。

The tramway was 13.4 mi (21.6 km) long and was divided into five sections ranging from 0.75 mi (1.21 km) to 4 mi (6.4 km).

电车轨道长 13.4 英里（21.6 公里），分为 5 段，长度从 0.75 英里（1.21 公里）到 4 英里（6.4 公里）不等。

Each of these sections was managed by a control station.

每个部分都由一个控制站管理。

In addition, there were 34 structures for maintaining tension on the line.

此外，还有34个用于保持线路张力的结构。

From 1913 to 1935, the route was the steepest of any aerial tram in the United States; in some places, the vertical angle from structure to structure could be as much as 40°.

从 1913 年到 1935 年，这条路线是美国所有空中缆车中最陡的；在某些地方，结构与结构之间的垂直角可能高达 40°。

The line rose 7,600 ft (2,300 m) from the floor of the Saline Valley to the top of the Inyo Mountains and then descended 5,100 ft (1,600 m) into the Owens Valley.

该线路从盐谷底部上升 7,600 英尺（2,300 m），到达因约山脉顶部，然后下降 5,100 英尺（1,600 m）进入欧文斯山谷。

The tramway used two cables to carry its buckets, which weighed 800 lb (360 kg) when empty and could hold up to 700 lb (320 kg) of salt.

电车轨道使用两根缆绳来承载桶，空桶时重 800 磅（360 公斤），最多可容纳 700 磅（320 公斤）盐。

The first cable, for loaded buckets, was 1.125 in (28.6 mm) thick.

第一条电缆用于装载铲斗，厚度为 1.125 英寸（28.6 毫米）。

The second cable, for empty buckets, was 0.875 in (22.2 mm) thick.

第二根电缆用于空桶，厚度为 0.875 英寸（22.2 毫米）。

Power was supplied by a 75 hp (56 kW) Westinghouse electric motor at each control station.

每个控制站均由 75 马力（56 千瓦）西屋电机提供动力。

The tram moved the buckets at 5.5 mph (8.9 km/h); 20 tons of salt could be moved in an hour.

有轨电车以 5.5 英里/小时（8.9 公里/小时）的速度移动铲斗；一小时可运20吨盐。

While in operation, the tram required two workers at each terminal, two at every control station, and an additional four workers for maintenance.

在运营期间，有轨电车每个终点站需要两名工人，每个控制站需要两名工人，另外还有四名工人进行维护。

On October 31, 1973, the Bureau of Land Management nominated the Saline Valley salt tram for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places.

1973 年 10 月 31 日，土地管理局提名盐谷盐有轨电车列入国家历史古迹名录。

The nomination was received on October 16, 1974, and approved on December 31, 1974, with the reference ID 74000514.

提名于1974年10月16日收到，并于1974年12月31日获得批准，参考号为74000514。

The National Park Service announced in May 2024 that part of the Salt Valley tram ruins had been damaged, stating that someone had toppled one of the towers in April while trying to extricate their vehicle from mud.

国家公园管理局于 2024 年 5 月宣布，盐谷有轨电车废墟的部分区域已遭到损坏，并称有人在 4 月份试图将车辆从泥浆中救出时推倒了其中一座塔楼。

Three days after the initial announcement, the NPS reported that the people responsible had contacted them and apologized for accidentally damaging the tower while attempting to escape a mire.

在最初宣布这一消息三天后，国家公园管理局报告称，负责人已联系他们，并就在试图逃离泥潭时意外损坏塔楼一事道歉。

The NPS also announced that it would review the damage and design a restoration of the tower.

NPS 还宣布将审查损坏情况并设计修复塔的方案。

The NPS also asked visitors not to try to repair the ruins themselves and reminded visitors to remain on paved roads.

NPS 还要求游客不要尝试自行修复废墟，并提醒游客留在铺好的道路上。

Keane Wonder Mine

基恩奇迹矿

National Register of Historic Places listings in Inyo County, California

加利福尼亚州因约县国家历史名胜名录列表

Rhyolite, Nevada

内华达州流纹岩

Saline Valley Hot Springs

盐谷温泉

Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad

托诺帕和潮水铁路

Official website

官方网站

Owens Valley History – photographs of the Saline Valley salt tram

欧文斯谷历史 – 盐谷盐电车的照片