Pali-Aike volcanic field (Wikipedia featured)
The Pali-Aike volcanic field is a volcanic field along the Argentina–Chile border.
巴利-艾克火山场是阿根廷和智利边境沿线的火山场。
It is part of a family of back-arc volcanoes in Patagonia, which formed from processes involving the collision of the Chile Ridge with the Peru–Chile Trench.
它是巴塔哥尼亚弧后火山家族的一部分，这些火山是由智利山脊与秘鲁-智利海沟的碰撞过程形成的。
It lies farther east than the Austral Volcanic Zone, the volcanic arc that makes up the Andean Volcanic Belt at this latitude.
它位于比南方火山带更东的地方，南方火山带是构成该纬度安第斯火山带的火山弧。
Pali-Aike formed over sedimentary rock of Magallanes Basin, a Jurassic-age basin starting from the late Miocene as a consequence of regional tectonic events.
巴利-艾克形成于麦哲伦盆地的沉积岩之上，麦哲伦盆地是一个侏罗纪盆地，始于中新世晚期，是区域构造事件的结果。
The volcanic field consists of an older plateau basalt formation and younger volcanic centres in the form of pyroclastic cones, scoria cones, maars and associated lava flows.
火山场由较古老的高原玄武岩地层和较年轻的火山中心组成，这些火山中心呈火山碎屑锥、火山渣锥、玛尔斯和相关熔岩流的形式。
There are approximately 467 vents in an area of 4,500 square kilometres (1,700 square miles).
4,500 平方公里（1,700 平方英里）的面积内大约有 467 个喷口。
The vents often form local alignments along lineaments or faults, and there are a number of maars and other lakes, both volcanic and non-volcanic.
喷口通常沿着地形或断层形成局部排列，并且有许多玛尔湖和其他湖泊，包括火山湖和非火山湖。
The volcanic field is noteworthy for the presence of large amounts of xenoliths in its rocks and because the maar Potrok Aike is located here, where palaeoclimate data have been obtained.
该火山场因其岩石中存在大量捕虏体而引人注目，而且因为 Maar Potrok Aike 就位于此处，已获得古气候数据。
The field was active starting from 3.78 million years ago.
该场从378万年前就开始活跃。
The latest eruptions occurred during the Holocene, as indicated by the burial of archaeological artifacts; the Laguna Azul maar formed during the Holocene.
从埋葬的考古文物可以看出，最近一次喷发发生在全新世期间； Laguna Azul maar 形成于全新世。
Humans have lived in the region for thousands of years, and a number of archaeological sites such as the Fell Cave are located in the field.
人类已经在该地区生活了数千年，该地区还有许多考古遗址，例如 Fell Cave。
Presently, parts of the volcanic field are protected areas in Chile and Argentina, and the city of Rio Gallegos in Argentina is within 23 kilometres (14 mi) of the volcanic field.
目前，部分火山场在智利和阿根廷属于保护区，阿根廷里奥加耶戈斯市距离火山场不到23公里（14英里）。
The name Pali-Aike comes from the Tehuelche language, where pale means "hunger" and aike means "location".
Pali-Aike这个名字来自特维尔切语，其中pale的意思是“饥饿”，而aike的意思是“位置”。
Originally it was the name of a farm (estancia) and was later applied to the volcanic field.
最初它是一个农场（estancia）的名称，后来被应用于火山田。
The Pali-Aike volcanic field spans the border between Argentina and Chile, northwest of the Magellanes Strait.
巴利艾克火山田横跨阿根廷和智利边境，位于麦哲伦海峡西北部。
Most of the field lies in Argentina within the southernmost part of Santa Cruz Province, while the Chilean part is in the commune of San Gregorio, Chile.
大部分油田位于阿根廷圣克鲁斯省最南端，智利部分位于智利圣格雷戈里奥公社。
The cities of Rio Gallegos (Argentina) and Punta Arenas (Chile) lie northeast and southwest of Pali-Aike respectively.
里奥加耶戈斯市（阿根廷）和蓬塔阿雷纳斯市（智利）分别位于帕利艾克的东北部和西南部。
Unusually for Argentine volcanoes, Pali-Aike volcanoes are close to urban areas since the closest vent is only 23 kilometres (14 mi) or 30 kilometres (19 mi) away from Rio Gallegos; the vents are easily observed from the city.
与阿根廷火山不同的是，巴利艾克火山靠近城市地区，因为最近的喷口距离里奥加耶戈斯仅 23 公里（14 英里）或 30 公里（19 英里）；从城市里很容易观察到通风口。
The Monte Aymond border pass lies next to the volcanic field and Argentine National Route 3 passes through the Pali-Aike volcanic field.
艾蒙山边境口岸紧邻火山场，阿根廷3号国道穿过巴利-艾克火山场。
The border crossing Paso Integración Austral lies next to the volcanic field.
Paso Integración Austral 边境口岸位于火山场旁边。
On the Chilean side there are hiking trails.
智利一侧有远足小径。
The Pali-Aike volcanic field covers a surface area of 4,500 square kilometres (1,700 square miles), and extends over 150 kilometres (93 mi) from northwest to southeast.
巴利艾克火山田面积达 4,500 平方公里（1,700 平方英里），从西北向东南延伸超过 150 公里（93 英里）。
It is formed by a plateau of lava flows that is up to 120 metres (390 ft) thick (in its northwestern reach), with an average relief of 20–100 metres (66–328 ft).
它由熔岩流高原形成，厚度高达 120 米（390 英尺）（在其西北范围），平均地形为 20-100 米（66-328 英尺）。
This plateau is formed by tables containing depressions and lakes, and whose margins are steep-dipping slopes that accumulate blocks at their feet.
这个高原由包含洼地和湖泊的台地形成，其边缘是陡峭的斜坡，在其脚下堆积着石块。
It includes remnants of individual volcanic centres, and some volcanic necks situated in the west–central part of the field may be the formerly underground components of now-eroded volcanic edifices.
它包括各个火山中心的遗迹，以及位于该区域中西部的一些火山颈，可能是现在被侵蚀的火山建筑物的以前的地下部分。
Among these volcanic necks are the Cuadrado, Domeyko, Gay and Philippi hills, which conspicuously stick out of the surrounding plains.
这些火山颈包括夸德拉多 (Cuadrado)、多梅科 (Domeyko)、盖伊 (Gay) 和菲利普 (Philippi) 山，它们从周围的平原中明显突出。
The volcanic rocks were emplaced atop Cenozoic- to Tertiary-age sediments, which were smoothened by glacial action.
火山岩位于新生代至第三纪沉积物之上，这些沉积物因冰川作用而变得平滑。
The sediments are often unstable and prone to mass wasting and landslides.
沉积物通常不稳定，容易发生大规模浪费和山体滑坡。
There are 467 volcanic vents in the field.
该地区有 467 个火山喷口。
Monogenetic volcanoes are emplaced on the lava plateau at elevations of 110–180 metres (360–590 ft) above sea level and include maars, tuff rings and scoria cones.
单生火山位于海拔 110-180 米（360-590 英尺）的熔岩高原上，包括玛尔斯火山、凝灰岩环和火山渣锥。
These various centres rise between 20–160 metres (66–525 ft) above the surrounding terrain.
这些不同的中心高出周围地形 20 至 160 米（66 至 525 英尺）。
Nested craters, breached craters and fissure vents are common among the various vents, as are lava flows, but there has been little research on the scoria cones.
嵌套式火山口、破裂的火山口和裂缝式火山口在各种火山口中都很常见，熔岩流也是如此，但对火山渣锥的研究很少。
Lava flows embedded in valleys reach lengths of 8 kilometres (5 mi).
嵌入山谷中的熔岩流长度可达 8 公里（5 英里）。
Pyroclastic cones in Pali-Aike include Aymond, Colorado, Dinero, Fell and Negro.
巴利艾克的火山碎屑锥包括艾蒙德火山碎屑锥、科罗拉多火山碎屑锥、迪内罗火山碎屑锥、菲尔火山碎屑锥和尼格罗火山碎屑锥。
The vent Cerro del Diablo, a pyroclastic cone, is the youngest volcano in the field and has emitted both ʻaʻā and pahoehoe lava, which have a fresh appearance and no soil cover.
Cerro del Diablo 喷口是一个火山碎屑锥，是该地区最年轻的火山，喷出 'a'ā 和 pahoehoe 熔岩，外观新鲜，没有土壤覆盖。
The vents were origins of lava flows, which sometimes breached the vents.
这些通风口是熔岩流的起源，有时熔岩流会冲破通风口。
Some flows are older and covered with soil while younger ones are not.
有些河流较古老并被土壤覆盖，而较年轻的河流则没有。
Such young lava flows also have surface features including lava tunnels, hornitos, tumuli and a wrinkled surface.
这些年轻的熔岩流还具有表面特征，包括熔岩隧道、角、古墓和皱纹表面。
Some of these are heavily eroded while the southeastern part of the field features fresh-looking centres, where they form the "Basaltos del Diablo".
其中一些受到严重侵蚀，而该地区的东南部则拥有看起来新鲜的中心，在那里它们形成了“Basaltos del Diablo”。
The individual volcanoes are subdivided into three groups, which are referred to as "U1" (the plateau lavas), "U2" (the older centres) and "U3" (for the more recent vents).
各个火山分为三组，分别称为“U1”（高原熔岩）、“U2”（较古老的中心）和“U3”（较新的火山口）。
Maars are depressions in the ground which are encircled by a ring of sediment that rises above the surrounding terrain; they typically form where frozen or liquid water interacts with rising magma and causes explosions.
玛尔斯是地面上的洼地，周围环绕着一圈高于周围地形的沉积物；它们通常在冰冻或液态水与上升的岩浆相互作用并引起爆炸的地方形成。
In Pali-Aike there are about 100 of them, with diameters ranging from 500 metres (1,600 ft) to about 4,000 metres (13,000 ft), and they make up the characteristic topography of the volcanic field.
巴利艾克约有 100 座火山，直径从 500 米（1,600 英尺）到约 4,000 米（13,000 英尺）不等，它们构成了火山场的特征地形。
The periglacial ground is rich in ice and water, which might explain why there are so many maars in Pali-Aike.
冰缘地面富含冰和水，这或许可以解释为什么巴利艾克有如此多的玛尔。
Notable among these lakes is Laguna Azul, a crater lake which is located within a pyroclastic ring at the side of a scoria cone.
这些湖泊中值得注意的是拉古纳阿祖尔（Laguna Azul），这是一个火山口湖，位于火山渣锥一侧的火山碎屑环内。
This maar formed during three stages in three separate craters and is also the source of a lava flow.
该玛尔在三个不同的火山口的三个阶段中形成，也是熔岩流的来源。
Potrok Aike in comparison is much larger (crater diameter of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi)); its rim is barely recognizable and appears to be more akin to a maar.
相比之下，波特罗克艾克要大得多（火山口直径为 5 公里（3.1 英里））；它的边缘几乎无法辨认，看起来更像是玛尔。
Laguna Timone is surrounded by a 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) wide tuff ring and is among the largest maars in the Pali-Aike volcanic field, although the lake covers only part of the maar depression.
蒂莫内湖周围环绕着 2 公里（1.2 英里）宽的凝灰岩环，是 Pali-Aike 火山田中最大的玛珥湖之一，尽管该湖仅覆盖了玛珥洼地的一部分。
Additional maars in the southwestern part of the field are the so-called "West Maar" and "East Maar", which contain the lakes Laguna Salsa and Laguna del Ruido respectively, Bismarck, Carlota, Los Flamencos and Laguna Salida/Laguna Ana.
油田西南部的其他马尔地区是所谓的“西马尔”和“东马尔”，分别包含萨尔萨湖和鲁伊多湖、俾斯麦湖、卡洛塔湖、洛斯弗拉门科斯湖和萨利达湖/安娜湖。
Apart from maars, there are ephemeral lakes.
除了马尔斯之外，还有一些短暂的湖泊。
A number of vents form various alignments, usually along northwest–southeast and east–northeast–west–southwest lines; some older centres show a north–south pattern.
许多喷口形成不同的排列，通常沿着西北-东南和东-东北-西-西南线；一些较老的中心呈现出南北格局。
Such alignments occur when local lineations act as a pathway for magma to ascend to the crust and control not only the position of the vents, but also the shape of the volcanoes forming on top of the vents.
当局部线纹作为岩浆上升到地壳的通道时，就会发生这种排列，不仅控制喷口的位置，还控制喷口顶部形成的火山的形状。
These lines match the strike of the Magallanes-Fagnano fault zone and the older Patagonian Austral Rift.
这些线与麦哲伦-法尼亚诺断层带和更古老的巴塔哥尼亚南方裂谷的走向相匹配。
Faults within the field have been active in the Tertiary and into the Holocene, and a graben in the southwestern part of the field has diverted lava flows.
油田内的断层在第三纪和全新世期间一直很活跃，油田西南部的地堑使熔岩流转向。
The volcanic field is in the drainage basin of the Gallegos River, which passes north of it.
火山场位于加列戈斯河流域，该河从其北部流过。
Its tributary Rio Chico crosses the volcanic field from southwest to northeast.
其支流奇科河从西南向东北穿过火山田。
The terrain of the field is highly permeable to water, which later forms wetlands that attract a number of birds and springs that are used as a source of water.
该田地的地形对水的渗透性很强，后来形成了湿地，吸引了许多鸟类和泉水作为水源。
Maars are not the only water bodies within the field; lakes formed by lava dams, glacial lakes and lakes formed by wind deflation also exist.
玛尔斯并不是该地区唯一的水体；还存在熔岩坝形成的湖泊、冰川湖和风蚀形成的湖泊。
Some of these water bodies dry up late in summer, allowing wind to remove sediments from their lakebeds, which thus become the origin of long dune fields.
其中一些水体在夏末干涸，风将湖床上的沉积物带走，从而成为长沙丘的起源。
Active growth of such windstreaks has been observed in Pali-Aike.
在巴利艾克观察到这种风纹的活跃增长。
Windstreaks are an uncommon occurrence on Earth; they are much more common on Mars.
风纹在地球上并不常见。它们在火星上更为常见。
Pali-Aike is part of the Patagonian back-arc, a province of plateau lavas of Cenozoic age.
巴利艾克是巴塔哥尼亚弧后的一部分，是新生代高原熔岩省。
These plateau lavas are of alkaline to tholeiitic composition; hawaiite, trachyandesite and trachyte are present in smaller amounts.
这些高原熔岩具有碱性至拉斑斑玄武岩成分；夏威夷岩、粗面岩和粗面岩的含量较少。
From south to north these plateau lavas include Pali-Aike itself, Meseta Vizcachas, Meseta de la Muerte, Gran Meseta Central, Meseta Buenos Aires, Cerro Pedrero, Meseta de Somuncura, Pino Hachado and Buta Ranquil; Pali-Aike is the southernmost and youngest lava plateau in Patagonia.
从南到北，这些高原熔岩包括 Pali-Aike 本身、Meseta Vizcachas、Meseta de la Muerte、Gran Meseta Central、Meseta Buenos Aires、Cerro Pedrero、Meseta de Somuncura、Pino Hachado 和 Buta Ranquil；帕利艾克是巴塔哥尼亚最南端、最年轻的熔岩高原。
Their activity began 16 million years ago, when the Chile Ridge collided with the Peru–Chile Trench and thus caused a tear in the subducting slab and the formation of a slab window beneath Patagonia.
它们的活动开始于 1600 万年前，当时智利海脊与秘鲁-智利海沟相撞，导致俯冲板块撕裂，并在巴塔哥尼亚下方形成板块窗口。
Another theory is that slab rollback might instead be the mechanism by which volcanism is triggered in the Pali-Aike region.
另一种理论认为，板块回滚可能是巴利-艾克地区火山活动的触发机制。
The age trends of volcanism have been interpreted as indicating either a southward migration or a northeastward one in the case of the plateau lavas, following the movement of the triple junction to the north; in that case Pali-Aike would be an exception, probably due to local tectonic effects.
火山作用的年龄趋势被解释为表明高原熔岩向南迁移或向东北迁移，跟随三重交界处向北移动；在这种情况下，巴利艾克将是一个例外，可能是由于当地的构造效应。
However, some older plateau lavas in the north formed in response to an earlier ridge subduction event in the Eocene and Palaeocene.
然而，北部一些较古老的高原熔岩是由于始新世和古新世早期的山脊俯冲事件而形成的。
The actual Andean volcanic arc is located 300 kilometres (190 mi) west of Pali-Aike, in the form of the Austral Volcanic Zone, a chain of stratovolcanoes and one volcanic field (Fueguino), which is South America's southernmost volcano.
实际的安第斯火山弧位于巴利艾克以西 300 公里（190 英里）处，以南方火山带的形式存在，由一系列成层火山和一个火山场（富吉诺火山）组成，是南美洲最南端的火山。
The Camusu Aike volcanic field, dated at 2.5–2.9 million years old, is 200 kilometres (120 mi) northwest and the Morro Chico volcano about 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Pali-Aike.
卡穆苏艾克火山场的历史为 2.5-290 万年，位于帕利艾克西北 200 公里（120 英里）处，莫罗奇科火山位于巴利艾克以西约 50 公里（31 英里）处。
At the southern end of South America, the Antarctic Plate subducts beneath South America at a rate of 2 centimetres per year (0.79 in/year) in the Peru–Chile Trench.
在南美洲南端，南极板块在秘鲁-智利海沟中以每年 2 厘米（0.79 英寸/年）的速度俯冲到南美洲之下。
This subduction process has caused adakitic volcanism on the western margin of southernmost South America, forming the Austral Volcanic Zone.
这一俯冲过程导致了南美洲最南端西缘的埃达克火山活动，形成了南方火山带。
Patagonia is a region where four tectonic plates, the Antarctic Plate, the Nazca Plate, the Scotia Plate and the South America Plate, interact.
巴塔哥尼亚是南极板块、纳斯卡板块、斯科舍板块和南美洲板块这四个板块相互作用的地区。
Starting 4 million years ago the Chile Ridge collided with the Peru–Chile Trench.
从 400 万年前开始，智利海岭与秘鲁-智利海沟发生碰撞。
This collision originally occurred west of Tierra del Fuego, but has since moved northward towards the Taitao Peninsula.
这次碰撞最初发生在火地岛以西，但后来向北移动到泰涛半岛。
Farther south the interaction between the Scotia and South America plates gave rise to the Deseado and Magallanes-Fagnano faults.
再往南，斯科舍板块和南美洲板块之间的相互作用产生了德塞阿多断层和麦哲伦-法尼亚诺断层。
The Pali-Aike volcanic field is mainly made up of alkali basalt and basanite, which form a sodium-rich alkaline suite; nephelinite has been reported and hawaiite is rare.
巴利艾克火山田主要由碱性玄武岩和玄武岩组成，形成富钠碱性岩套；霞石已有报道，夏威夷石则很少见。
The most important phenocrystic phase is olivine, which also appears as xenocrysts; other minerals include clinopyroxene, diopside and plagioclase.
最重要的斑晶相是橄榄石，也以异晶的形式出现；其他矿物包括单斜辉石、透辉石和斜长石。
The groundmass has a similar composition with the addition of augite, feldspar and magnetite and occasionally ilmenite and nepheline.
基质具有相似的成分，但添加了辉石、长石和磁铁矿，偶尔还添加了钛铁矿和霞石。
Pali-Aike rocks typically feature ultramafic xenoliths containing augite, dunite, eclogite, garnet, harzburgite, lherzolite, peridotite, phlogopite, pyroxenite, spinel and wehrlites.
巴利-艾克岩石通常以超镁铁质捕虏体为特征，其中含有辉长石、纯榴石、榴辉岩、石榴石、方辉橄榄石、二辉橄榄石、橄榄岩、金云母、辉石岩、尖晶石和韦尔长岩。
The composition of these xenoliths indicates that they originated from both the crust and the mantle.
这些捕虏体的成分表明它们起源于地壳和地幔。
In addition, rocks from Pali-Aike contain inclusions of fluids consisting of carbon dioxide.
此外，巴利艾克的岩石含有由二氧化碳组成的流体包裹体。
Some rocks have been weathered and form palagonite.
一些岩石已经风化并形成了八角长石。
Elemental composition is typical for alkaline intraplate basalts.
元素组成是碱性板内玄武岩的典型元素组成。
The geochemistry of Pali-Aike rocks has been interpreted as originating from the melting of peridotite in the mantle along with fractionation of olivine and with residual garnet; there is no trace of geochemical influence of the adjacent Andean Volcanic Belt and the associated subduction zone.
巴利-艾克岩石的地球化学被解释为源自地幔中橄榄岩的熔化以及橄榄石和残余石榴石的分馏；没有发现邻近的安第斯火山带和相关俯冲带的地球化学影响的痕迹。
An older oceanic lithosphere that was emplaced during the Proterozoic-Palaeozoic in the area is also involved in magma genesis.
该地区元古代-古生代时期形成的较古老的海洋岩石圈也参与了岩浆的形成。
The various isotope ratios are typical for so-called "cratonic" Patagonian back-arc basalts that are remote from the Andean Volcanic Belt and resemble ocean island basalts; a role of the Bouvet hotspot of the Atlantic in generating them has been discussed.
各种同位素比率是所谓的“克拉通”巴塔哥尼亚弧后玄武岩的典型特征，这些玄武岩远离安第斯火山带，类似于海洋岛玄武岩；人们讨论了大西洋布维热点在产生它们方面的作用。
The basement beneath Pali-Aike contains the Magallanes Basin of Jurassic age, which formed during the breakup of Gondwana and was later filled by volcanic and sedimentary rocks.
巴利艾克下方的基底包含侏罗纪时代的麦哲伦盆地，该盆地在冈瓦纳大陆分裂期间形成，后来被火山岩和沉积岩填充。
The mantle underneath Pali-Aike is up to 2.5 billion years old (Archean) and was modified by tectonic events like the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean and more than one instance of metasomatism.
巴利艾克下方的地幔已有 25 亿年的历史（太古代），并因南大西洋的开口和不止一次交代作用等构造事件而发生了改变。
The partly Neoproterozoic Deseado Massif lies north of Pali-Aike and may extend beneath the field to Tierra del Fuego; there is no evidence that a Precambrian basement exists in the Pali-Aike area.
部分新元古代的 Deseado 地块位于 Pali-Aike 北部，可能延伸到火地岛以下；没有证据表明巴利-艾克地区存在前寒武纪基底。
During the Oligocene a marine transgression deposited the Patagonia Formation, and during the Miocene fluvial sediments formed the Santa Cruz Formation.
在渐新世期间，海侵沉积了巴塔哥尼亚地层，在中新世期间，河流沉积物形成了圣克鲁斯地层。
Sedimentation ceased in the region 14 million years ago, probably because by that time the rain shadow of the Andes was effective in the area.
1400万年前，该地区的沉积作用就停止了，可能是因为当时安第斯山脉的雨影对该地区产生了影响。
At that time, the Chile Ridge first collided with the Peru–Chile Trench west of Tierra del Fuego; since then the collision zone has migrated north to the Taitao Peninsula off western Chile.
当时，智利海脊首先与火地岛以西的秘鲁-智利海沟发生碰撞；此后，碰撞带向北迁移至智利西部附近的泰陶半岛。
Moraines occur west and south from the volcanic field.
冰碛出现在火山场的西部和南部。
The Pali-Aike area was glaciated during the middle Pleistocene, and glaciers eroded contemporary lava flows.
巴利-艾克地区在更新世中期被冰川化，冰川侵蚀了当代的熔岩流。
In part on the basis of the dates of these lava flows, it was established that the older and larger glaciation (Bella Vista Glaciation) occurred between 1.17 and 1.02 million years ago.
部分根据这些熔岩流的日期，可以确定更古老、规模更大的冰川作用（贝拉维斯塔冰川作用）发生在 1.17 至 102 万年前之间。
The last glaciation (Cabo Vírgenes, Río Ciaike and Telken VI-I) was less extensive but reached the Atlantic Ocean at times.
最后一次冰川作用（维尔吉内斯角、恰伊克河和特尔肯 VI-I）范围较小，但有时到达大西洋。
This glaciation ended before 760,000 years ago; there is no evidence of Last Glacial Maximum/Llanquihue glaciation glaciers in the area.
这次冰川作用在76万年前就结束了；该地区没有末次盛冰期/兰基韦冰川的证据。
The origin of oceanic-type magmas close to plate boundaries, which occur in other places of the world as well, is usually attributed to slab-dependent processes.
靠近板块边界的海洋型岩浆的起源（也发生在世界其他地方）通常归因于板块相关的过程。
The most important among these is the formation of slab windows (gaps in the downgoing plate which allow asthenosphere to ascend) when spreading ridges collide with subduction zones.
其中最重要的是当扩张的山脊与俯冲带碰撞时形成板片窗口（下降板块中允许软流圈上升的间隙）。
The slab window generated by the Chile Ridge's subduction passed at the latitudes of Pali-Aike about 4.5 million years ago; volcanic activity commenced soon afterwards but the time difference was enough for any subduction-influenced mantle to be displaced by fresher mantle moving through the window, which is the main source of the Pali-Aike volcanic rocks.
智利海岭俯冲产生的板状窗于大约450万年前经过巴利-艾克纬度；火山活动很快就开始了，但时间差足以使任何受俯冲影响的地幔被穿过窗口的新鲜地幔所取代，这是巴利-艾克火山岩的主要来源。
Eight to six million years ago, a change in the motion of the South America Plate relative to the Scotia Plate caused the onset of a stretching tectonic regime in the Pali-Aike area, thus allowing the ascent of magmas.
八到六百万年前，南美洲板块相对于斯科舍板块的运动变化导致巴利-艾克地区开始出现伸展构造状态，从而使岩浆上升。
The large amounts of xenoliths and primitiveness of the magmas suggest that once they had formed, they very quickly rose through the crust to the surface.
大量的捕虏体和岩浆的原始性表明，它们一旦形成，就会很快穿过地壳上升到地表。
Volcanic activity at Pali-Aike spans the late Pliocene to Holocene and has been subdivided into the three units U1, U2 and U3.
巴利艾克的火山活动跨越上新世晚期到全新世，并被细分为三个单位 U1、U2 和 U3。
The oldest U1 unit consists of basaltic plateaus, while U2 and U3 are individual vents with accompanying lava flows.
最古老的 U1 单元由玄武岩高原组成，而 U2 和 U3 是带有熔岩流的独立喷口。
An additional Miocene volcanic stage ("Basaltos Bella Vista") crops out at the northwestern end of the volcanic field and is heavily eroded.
另外一个中新世火山阶段（“Basaltos Bella Vista”）出现在火山区的西北端，并受到严重侵蚀。
There is no evidence of a systematic migration of vent sites.
没有证据表明喷口位点发生系统性迁移。
Potassium–argon dating has yielded ages of between 3.78 and 0.17 million years ago.
钾-氩年代测定法得出的年龄在 3.78 至 17 万年前之间。
Several eruptions 770,000 years ago formed maars, including Laguna Timone.
77 万年前的几次喷发形成了玛尔斯火山，其中包括蒂莫内湖 (Laguna Timone)。
The age of Potrok Aike is not known with certainty but its minimum age on the basis of sediment core data is 240,000 years before present.
波特罗克·艾克的年龄尚不清楚，但根据沉积岩芯数据，其最小年龄为距今 24 万年。
The youngest vent is Diablo Negro-La Morada del Diablo along the Chile-Argentina border, which covered an area of 100 square kilometres (39 sq mi) with lava.
最年轻的喷口是位于智利和阿根廷边境的 Diablo Negro-La Morada del Diablo，熔岩覆盖面积达 100 平方公里（39 平方英里）。
Volcanic deposits have covered archaeological artifacts at the Pali-Aike Cave, indicating volcanic activity between 10,000 and 5,000 years before present and within the last 15,000 years; the Global Volcanism Program mentions a 5,550 ± 2,500 BCE eruption.
火山沉积物覆盖了巴利艾克洞穴的考古文物，表明火山活动发生在距今10,000年至5,000年之间以及过去15,000年之内；全球火山活动计划提到了公元前 5,550 ± 2,500 年的一次喷发。
Sediment cores from Laguna Azul give an approximate age of 3,400 or 11790+390−720 years before present, suggesting that this vent formed during the Holocene.
Laguna Azul 的沉积岩芯给出的年龄大约为 3,400 或 11790+390−720 年，表明该喷口形成于全新世。
Tephra deposits in the region may have originated at Pali-Aike.
该地区的火山灰矿床可能起源于巴利艾克。
The volcanic field was rated Argentina's 18th (out of 38) most dangerous volcano in a 2016 study.
在 2016 年的一项研究中，该火山场被评为阿根廷第 18 位最危险的火山（共 38 座）。
The climate in the region is windy and cold, with mild winters owing to the oceanic influence, and dry, bordering on semi-desert with precipitation ranging between 300–150 millimetres per year (11.8–5.9 in/year).
该地区气候多风、寒冷，受海洋影响，冬季温和，干燥，接近半沙漠，年降水量在 300-150 毫米（11.8-5.9 英寸/年）之间。
These patterns are owing to the closeness of Antarctica, the cold Humboldt current and Falklands current ocean currents and the rain shadow of the Andes.
这些模式是由于南极洲的靠近、洪堡寒流和福克兰群岛洋流以及安第斯山脉的雨影造成的。
Some maars and craters in Pali-Aike have been used for palaeoclimatological research, in the form of sediment core analysis, such as Laguna Azul, Potrok Aike and Magallanes Maar.
巴利-艾克的一些玛尔和陨石坑已以沉积岩芯分析的形式用于古气候学研究，例如拉古纳阿祖尔、波特罗克艾克和麦哲伦玛尔。
The regional vegetation is grassland and shrubs, with lichens growing on rocks.
区域植被为草地和灌木，岩石上生长有地衣。
The dominant grass species is Festuca gracillima, although Festuca pallescens has been described as the dominant species in the wetter west.
优势草种是羊茅 (Festuca gracillima)，但在湿润的西部，羊茅 (Festuca pallescens) 被描述为优势种。
Festuca is accompanied by bushes of Chiliotrichum diffusum and red crowberry in the wetter regions and by bushes of Nardophyllum bryoides and Nassauvia ulicina in the drier regions.
在湿润地区，羊茅丛生有 Chiliotrichum diffusum 和红岩高兰灌木丛，在干燥地区则有 Nardophyllum bryoides 和 Nassauvia ulicina 灌木丛。
Various herbs and dicots complete the regional flora.
各种草本植物和双子叶植物构成了该地区的植物群。
The highly permeable basalts intercept precipitation, forming active aquifers that feed into wetlands.
高渗透性玄武岩拦截降水，形成活跃的含水层，注入湿地。
Animal species present in the Chilean national park include armadillos, gray foxes, guanacos, Humboldt's hog-nosed skunks, pumas and red foxes.
智利国家公园内的动物种类包括犰狳、灰狐、原驼、洪堡猪鼻臭鼬、美洲狮和红狐。
Bird species include Chloephaga and Theristicus species, black-chested buzzard-eagles, cinereous harriers, crested caracaras, harriers, kestrels, peregrine falcons, rheas and southern lapwings, but also aquatic birds like Calidris species, Coscoroba swans, flamingos, two-banded plovers, yellow-billed pintails and yellow-billed teals.
鸟类包括黑颈鵟属、黑胸秃鹰、灰鹞、凤头鸫、鹞、红隼、游隼、美洲鸵和南方田凫，还有水禽，如卡里德里斯属、科斯科罗巴天鹅、火烈鸟、二带鸻、黄嘴针尾鸟和黄嘴水鸭。
Palaeorecords indicate that ecological conditions varied from place to place in the wider region and during the last 50,000 years.
古记录表明，在过去 5 万年里，更广泛地区的生态条件因地而异。
Before about 11,000 years ago, the region was covered by a treeless steppe.
大约11000年前，该地区被一片没有树木的草原所覆盖。
Caves have yielded fossils of animals that lived there during the Holocene and Pleistocene, as well as now-extinct animals, although the former fauna in the region is poorly studied.
洞穴中出土了全新世和更新世期间生活在那里的动物化石，以及现已灭绝的动物化石，尽管该地区以前的动物群研究很少。
Fossil animals include big cats and ground sloths.
动物化石包括大型猫科动物和地懒。
Since the arrival of Europeans in the late 19th century, invasive European weeds and sheep farming have altered the regional ecosystem.
自 19 世纪末欧洲人到来以来，入侵的欧洲杂草和养羊业改变了该地区的生态系统。
Early humans inhabited the Pali-Aike region since about 10,000 years ago, including various caves such as Fell Cave, Pali-Aike cave, Condor 1, Cueva del Puma, Cueva de los Chingues, Cueva La Carlota I, Don Ariel, Las Buitreras, Orejas de Burro but also non-cave sites such as Laguna Thomas Gould.
大约一万年前，早期人类就居住在巴利艾克地区，包括各种洞穴，如 Fell Cave、Pali-Aike Cave、Condor 1、Cueva del Puma、Cueva de los Chingues、Cueva La Carlota I、Don Ariel、Las Buitreras、Orejas de Burro，还有 Laguna Thomas Gould 等非洞穴遗址。
Human use of Fell Cave goes back at least 8,000 years and their presence at Pali-Aike is among the oldest human activities in Patagonia.
人类对 Fell Cave 的使用至少可以追溯到 8000 年前，他们在 Pali-Aike 的存在是巴塔哥尼亚最古老的人类活动之一。
Archaeological research in the volcanic field began in the 1930s.
火山领域的考古研究始于 20 世纪 30 年代。
Prehistoric human activity was concentrated in the southern, wetter sector of the volcanic field.
史前人类活动集中在南部较湿润的火山区。
The lakes, rivers, seasonal waterbodies and the volcanic landscape with caves have a reliable supply of water and offered refuge to these people, drawing them to the volcanic field; in turn they might have settled the rest of the wider region starting from Pali-Aike.
湖泊、河流、季节性水体和带有洞穴的火山景观为这些人提供了可靠的水源，并为他们提供了避难所，吸引他们来到火山场；反过来，他们可能会定居从巴利艾克开始的更广泛地区的其余部分。
They left archaeological sites, petroglyphs, rock carvings and stone tools behind; even some ancient burials have been found.
他们留下了考古遗址、岩画、石刻和石器；甚至还发现了一些古代墓葬。
The volcanic field was a source of volcanic rocks such as obsidian for the manufacturing of archaeological artifacts but, perhaps because of the low quality of the rocks, they had only limited use; instead people used obsidian from more remote sources.
火山田是用于制造考古文物的黑曜石等火山岩的来源，但也许由于岩石质量低下，它们的用途有限；相反，人们使用来自更遥远来源的黑曜石。
Weathered volcanic rocks from the Pali-Aike volcanic field were used as red pigments in rock art.
来自巴利艾克火山场的风化火山岩被用作岩石艺术中的红色颜料。
Today sheep are farmed in the volcanic field.
如今，火山田里饲养着绵羊。
On the Chilean side, the Pali-Aike volcanic field is part of the Pali-Aike National Park and a few volcanic centres have been investigated as possible geosites.
在智利一侧，巴利艾克火山场是巴利艾克国家公园的一部分，一些火山中心已被调查为可能的地质遗迹。
Laguna Azul is already a provincial geosite and tourism target.
拉古纳阿祖尔 (Laguna Azul) 已成为省级地质景点和旅游目标。
The Pali-Aike National Park was created in 1970 on the Chilean side and the Laguna Azul Provincial Reserve on the Argentine side, which encompasses Laguna Azul, in 2005.
智利一侧的巴利艾克国家公园于 1970 年创建，阿根廷一侧的拉古纳阿祖尔省级保护区于 2005 年创建。
Carrán-Los Venados, another volcanic field with very large maars in Chile
卡兰-洛斯韦纳多斯 (Carrán-Los Venados)，智利另一个拥有巨大玛尔斯的火山场
List of volcanic fields
火山田列表