James Park Woods (Wikipedia featured)

James Park Woods (4 January 1886 – 18 January 1963) was an Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross during World War I; the Victoria Cross was the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that could be awarded to members of the Australian armed forces at the time.

詹姆斯·帕克·伍兹（James Park Woods，1886年1月4日至1963年1月18日）是第一次世界大战期间获得维多利亚十字勋章的澳大利亚人；维多利亚十字勋章是当时授予澳大利亚武装部队成员面对敌人英勇行为的最高奖项。

Woods enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force in September 1916 and, after training in Australia and the United Kingdom, joined his unit, the 48th Battalion, in France in September 1917.

伍兹于 1916 年 9 月加入澳大利亚帝国军队，在澳大利亚和英国接受训练后，于 1917 年 9 月在法国加入他的部队第 48 营。

Along with the rest of his battalion, he participated in the First Battle of Passchendaele the following month.

他与该营的其他成员一起参加了下个月的第一次帕斯尚达尔战役。

In early 1918, Woods was hospitalised for several months before rejoining his unit in May.

1918 年初，伍兹住院了几个月，然后于 5 月重新加入部队。

He again reported sick in July, and did not return to the 48th Battalion until mid-August.

7月份他再次报病，直到8月中旬才回到48营。

On 18 September 1918, the 48th Battalion was involved in the attack on the Hindenburg Outpost Line during the Hundred Days Offensive.

1918年9月18日，第48营参与了百日攻势期间对兴登堡前哨防线的攻击。

After the first phase of the attack, some elements of Woods' unit were tasked to support another battalion as it conducted a further assault.

第一阶段攻击结束后，伍兹部队的一些人员奉命支援另一个营进行进一步的攻击。

When it was suspected that flanking British troops had not gone forward to their objective as reported, a four-man patrol including Woods attempted to make contact with them.

当怀疑侧翼的英国军队没有像报道的那样前往他们的目标时，包括伍兹在内的一支四人巡逻队试图与他们取得联系。

Instead of finding British troops, they encountered a strong German post and, after calling for reinforcements, attacked it, driving more than thirty Germans from the position.

他们没有找到英国军队，而是遇到了一个坚固的德国哨所，在呼叫增援后，他们袭击了它，将三十多名德国人赶出了阵地。

Woods' actions during this assault and subsequent defence of the captured post resulted in him being awarded the Victoria Cross.

伍兹在这次袭击和随后对被占领哨所的防守中的行动使他被授予维多利亚十字勋章。

Woods survived the war, returned to Australia and operated a vineyard and orchard in Western Australia.

伍兹在战争中幸存下来，返回澳大利亚并在西澳大利亚经营葡萄园和果园。

He retired early due to ill health and died in 1963.

他因健康状况不佳提前退休，并于1963年去世。

His medals are displayed in the Hall of Valour at the Australian War Memorial.

他的奖章陈列在澳大利亚战争纪念馆的英勇殿堂内。

James Park "Jimmy" Woods was born at Two Wells, South Australia, on 4 January 1886, the son of a blacksmith, James Woods, and his wife Ester née Johnson.

詹姆斯·帕克·“吉米”·伍兹于 1886 年 1 月 4 日出生于南澳大利亚州两威尔斯，是铁匠詹姆斯·伍兹和妻子埃斯特·约翰逊的儿子。

After his mother's death when he was seven, Woods was raised by a stepsister and, after completing his schooling, worked in a vineyard alongside his brothers.

伍兹七岁时母亲去世，他由继姐妹抚养长大，完成学业后，与兄弟们一起在葡萄园工作。

Not long after World War I broke out in 1914, he attempted to enlist in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF), but was rejected due to his height of 5 feet 4 inches (163 cm).

1914年第一次世界大战爆发后不久，他试图加入澳大利亚帝国军队（AIF），但因身高5英尺4英寸（163厘米）而被拒绝。

He and his brother Will then moved to Western Australia and for the next two years worked in cartage and fencing in the Kantanning district before James became a viticulturist at Caversham in the Swan Valley wine region near Perth.

随后，他和他的兄弟威尔搬到了西澳大利亚，并在接下来的两年里在坎坦宁区从事运输和击剑工作，之后詹姆斯成为珀斯附近天鹅谷葡萄酒产区卡弗沙姆的葡萄栽培师。

He was also an enthusiastic cricketer in his younger years.

他年轻时也是一位热情的板球运动员。

After further unsuccessful attempts to join the AIF, he was eventually successful on 29 September 1916, after height requirements had been lowered.

在多次尝试加入 AIF 均未成功后，由于身高要求降低，他最终于 1916 年 9 月 29 日成功加入。

Following his enlistment as a private, Woods was allotted as a reinforcement to the 48th Battalion, a mixed South Australian-Western Australian unit, part of the 12th Brigade, 4th Division.

伍兹作为二等兵入伍后，被分配到第 48 营作为增援部队，该营是南澳大利亚州和西澳大利亚州的混合部队，隶属于第 4 师第 12 旅。

It was already serving on the Western Front in France and Belgium.

它已经在法国和比利时的西线服役。

After two months training at Blackboy Hill, Woods embarked with the rest of his reinforcement draft on HMAS Berrima at Fremantle on 23 December 1916.

在 Blackboy Hill 进行了两个月的训练后，伍兹于 1916 年 12 月 23 日在弗里曼特尔的 HMAS Berrima 号上开始了他剩余的增援征兵。

He disembarked at Devonport in the UK on 16 February 1917, and joined the 12th Training Battalion at Codford on Salisbury Plain.

1917 年 2 月 16 日，他在英国德文波特登陆，加入索尔兹伯里平原科德福德的第 12 训练营。

During this training period, he was hospitalised with mumps and then with bronchitis and pneumonia.

在这次训练期间，他因腮腺炎住院，随后又因支气管炎和肺炎住院。

Recovered, he completed his training, embarked at Southampton for France, and joined the 48th Battalion on 12 September.

康复后，他完成了训练，从南安普顿出发前往法国，并于 9 月 12 日加入第 48 营。

At the time Woods joined the battalion, it was undergoing training and absorbing reinforcements in a rest area at Zuytpeene.

伍兹加入该营时，该营正在祖伊特皮内的休息区接受训练并吸收增援。

On 21 September, the battalion was collected by buses and transported over several days via Steenvoorde to the vicinity of Ypres in Belgium.

9 月 21 日，该营被公共汽车接走，并经过几天的时间经由斯滕福尔德运送到比利时伊普尔附近。

There the 12th Brigade relieved other units of the 4th Division that had participated in the Battle of Polygon Wood and took up support positions.

在那里，第12旅接替了参加多边形森林战役的第4师的其他部队，并占据了支援位置。

During this period its main tasks were battlefield salvage and digging graves for recently killed Germans and Australians.

在此期间，其主要任务是战场救援以及为最近阵亡的德国人和澳大利亚人挖掘坟墓。

Despite these non-combat tasks, the battalion suffered several casualties from German artillery fire.

尽管执行了这些非战斗任务，该营还是在德军炮火中遭受了数人伤亡。

The 48th Battalion was relieved from these positions on 1 October, and occupied trenches at Westhoek Ridge overnight before returning to Steenvoorde.

10 月 1 日，第 48 营从这些阵地撤出，并连夜占领了 Westhoek Ridge 的战壕，然后返回斯滕福德。

After a week at Steenvoorde, Woods' battalion marched to Abeele on 10 October, then entrained for Ypres.

在斯滕福德待了一个星期后，伍兹的营于 10 月 10 日向阿比勒进军，然后转往伊普尔。

That evening it marched to trenches on Westhoek Ridge, where it received orders for a major attack by the division: the First Battle of Passchendaele, which was fought on 12 October.

当天晚上，该部队行进至威斯霍克山脊的战壕，在那里，该师接到了发起大规模进攻的命令：第一次帕斯尚达勒战役，于 10 月 12 日进行。

Despite initial success and the capture of more than 200 Germans, the main attack failed, leaving the left flank of the battalion exposed.

尽管取得了初步成功并俘虏了 200 多名德军，但主力进攻还是失败了，该营的左翼暴露在外。

The first German counterattack was beaten off, but with its left flank unprotected, the 48th Battalion was pushed back to its start line by a second counterattack.

德军的第一次反击被击退，但由于左翼未受保护，第 48 营被第二次反击击退到起跑线。

During the fighting, the unit suffered 370 casualties from its original complement of 621.

战斗中，该部队伤亡人数从原来的 621 人增至 370 人。

Woods and the rest of the battalion were withdrawn from the line and they were re-united with the nucleus troops, the one-third of each unit that was retained out of the line when a battalion went into action.

伍兹和该营的其他成员被撤出战线，并与核心部队重新会合，当一个营投入行动时，每个部队的三分之一被保留在战线之外。

Thus reinforced, the battalion then went briefly into a support position on Anzac Ridge on 19 October, before being relieved and marching away from Passchendaele for a long period of rest and recuperation.

得到增援后，该营于 10 月 19 日短暂进入安扎克山脊的支援阵地，随后被换下并离开帕斯尚达勒，进行长时间的休息和恢复。

This time was spent first at Cuhem, then Friancourt before the battalion spent a few weeks at a camp near Péronne, where Woods and the rest of the unit celebrated Christmas Day.

这段时间首先在库姆度过，然后在弗里安库尔度过，然后该营在佩罗讷附近的一个营地度过了几周，伍兹和该部队的其他成员在那里庆祝了圣诞节。

On 8 January 1918, the 48th Battalion marched to Péronne and, travelling by train and on foot, arrived in Belgium where they entered the front line trenches near Hollebeke on 11 January.

1918 年 1 月 8 日，第 48 营向佩罗讷进军，并乘坐火车和步行抵达比利时，并于 1 月 11 日进入霍勒贝克附近的前线战壕。

The battalion remained in the quiet trenches in cold winter conditions for ten days before being relieved, being mainly engaged on improving the dilapidated defences.

该营在寒冷的冬季条件下在安静的战壕里待了十天后才被换班，主要致力于改善破旧的防御工事。

On the day after the battalion was relieved and went into the rear area, Woods reported sick.

就在该营接班进入后方的第二天，伍兹报告生病了。

He was diagnosed with either bronchitis or pericarditis, and was evacuated to a hospital in Birmingham, UK.

他被诊断患有支气管炎或心包炎，并被送往英国伯明翰的一家医院。

He did not return to his battalion until 30 May, when the battalion was in a rest area at Rivery.

直到 5 月 30 日，他才返回所在营，当时该营正在里维里的休息区。

On 2 June the unit moved forward again, taking up positions as part of the divisional reserve.

6月2日，该部队再次前进，作为师预备队的一部分占据阵地。

Two weeks later, the 48th Battalion moved into the front line near Sailly-le-Sec, from which it was relieved on 4 July.

两周后，第 48 营进入 Sailly-le-Sec 附近的前线，并于 7 月 4 日从该地撤退。

It then went back into a rest area near Allonville with the remainder of the 4th Division.

然后它与第四师的剩余人员一起返回阿隆维尔附近的休息区。

This rest period continued to the end of the month, but on 23 July, Woods reported sick with dysentery.

这个休息期一直持续到月底，但7月23日，伍兹报告感染了痢疾。

He was evacuated and admitted to a casualty clearing station to recover, and did not return to his unit until 16 August.

他被疏散并送往伤员清理站康复，直到 8 月 16 日才返回部队。

At this time, the battalion was in the front line near Lihons, where it had a quiet time until relieved on 24 August.

此时，该营正处于利洪斯附近的前线，在那里度过了一段平静的时光，直到8月24日才获释。

The unit was then withdrawn to a rest area near Saint-Vaast-en-Chaussée where it remained for nearly two weeks.

该部队随后被撤回Saint-Vaast-en-Chaussée附近的休息区，并在那里停留了近两周。

By September 1918, the Allies were in the midst of the Hundred Days Offensive, a series of unanswered attacks that had commenced with the Battle of Amiens on 8 August.

1918 年 9 月，盟军正处于百日攻势之中，这是从 8 月 8 日亚眠战役开始的一系列未得到回应的攻击。

As part of the attack on the Hindenburg Outpost Line on 18 September, the 48th Battalion led the assault in the first phase, capturing 480 Germans, and they were followed by the 45th and 46th Battalions which were responsible for the second and third phases respectively.

作为9月18日对兴登堡前哨防线进攻的一部分，第48营在第一阶段领导进攻，俘虏了480名德军，随后是第45营和第46营，分别负责第二阶段和第三阶段。

The Australian attack was near Le Verguier, north-west of St. Quentin.

澳大利亚的袭击发生在圣康坦西北部的勒韦尔吉耶附近。

On the right flank of the 12th Brigade, the British 1st Division delayed its assault on the third objective line.

在第12旅的右翼，英军第1师推迟了对第三目标线的进攻。

The commander of the 12th Brigade, Brigadier General Raymond Leane, therefore ordered two companies of the 48th Battalion to protect the flank of the 46th Battalion as it conducted the third phase of the attack.

因此，第12旅旅长雷蒙德·利恩准将命令第48营的两个连在第46营进行第三阶段攻击时保护其侧翼。

After the 46th Battalion's successful assault, the two companies of the 48th Battalion were tasked to assist the 46th Battalion in consolidating their position.

46营突击成功后，48营两个连奉命协助46营巩固阵地。

The British 1st Division on the right flank repeatedly reported that they had also captured the third objective, and Leane sent patrols to confirm.

右翼的英军第1师多次报告称他们也夺取了第三个目标，利恩派出巡逻队进行确认。

Woods was a member of a four-man patrol sent on Leane's orders to make contact with the British.

伍兹是奉莱恩之命派去与英国人接触的四人巡逻队的成员。

Instead of finding British troops, they located a strongly defended German position with excellent fields of fire.

他们没有找到英国军队，而是找到了一个防御严密、火力优良的德军阵地。

While an attack in force on the position was being organised, Woods led the patrol against the German defenders.

当对阵地发起猛烈攻击时，伍兹率领巡逻队对抗德国守军。

Woods killed one German, and at least thirty others fled, leaving behind four heavy and two light machine guns.

伍兹杀死了一名德国人，至少有三十人逃跑，留下四挺重机枪和两挺轻机枪。

One of the patrol was wounded in the assault, but they managed to hold off several determined counterattacks until reinforcements arrived.

一名巡逻队在袭击中受伤，但他们成功阻止了几次坚决的反击，直到增援部队到达。

Woods climbed onto the parapet, lay down, and threw hand grenades passed to him, causing severe casualties to the Germans.

伍兹爬上护墙，躺下，投掷递给他的手榴弹，给德军造成严重伤亡。

Reinforcements arrived when he was down to his last few rifle cartridges, and the post was secured by dawn.

当他的步枪子弹耗尽时，增援部队赶到，黎明时分，哨所被锁定。

During the overall brigade attack, the 48th Battalion suffered just 65 casualties.

在全旅进攻中，48营仅伤亡65人。

For his work, Woods was recommended for the Victoria Cross (VC).

由于伍兹的出色表现，他被推荐获得维多利亚十字勋章（VC）。

The 4th Division was then relieved and went to the rear to rest, and the brigade did not return to combat before the Armistice of 11 November 1918.

第 4 师随后获释并前往后方休息，该旅在 1918 年 11 月 11 日停战之前并未重返战斗。

Woods' VC citation was published on Christmas Eve 1918, and read:

伍兹的 VC 引文于 1918 年圣诞节前夕发表，内容如下：

For conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty near Le Verguier, north-west of St. Quentin, on the 18th September, 1918, when, with a weak patrol, he attacked and captured a very formidable enemy post, and subsequently, with two comrades, held the same against heavy enemy counterattacks.

1918 年 9 月 18 日，他在圣康坦西北勒韦尔吉耶附近表现出非凡的勇敢和忠于职守，当时，他在一支薄弱的巡逻队的带领下，袭击并占领了一个非常强大的敌军哨所，随后，他与两名战友一起抵抗了敌人的猛烈反击。

Although exposed to heavy fire of all descriptions, he fearlessly jumped on the parapet and opened fire on the attacking enemy, inflicting severe casualties.

尽管遭到各种猛烈炮火的袭击，他仍勇敢地跳上城墙，向来袭的敌人开火，造成严重伤亡。

He kept up his fire and held up the enemy until help arrived, and throughout the operations displayed a splendid example of valour, determination and initiative.

他持续开火，阻击敌人，直到救援到来，在整个行动中，他展现了勇气、决心和主动性的光辉典范。

Woods' VC was the only one awarded to a member of the 48th Battalion.

伍兹的 VC 是唯一授予第 48 营成员的。

He received the decoration from King George V at Buckingham Palace on 31 May 1919.

1919 年 5 月 31 日，他在白金汉宫接受了乔治五世国王授予的勋章。

Woods embarked aboard the troop ship SS Königin Luise on 21 June, arrived back in Fremantle in early August, and was discharged from the AIF the following month.

伍兹于 6 月 21 日登上 SS Königin Luise 军舰，于 8 月初返回弗里曼特尔，并于次月从 AIF 退役。

On his return to civilian life, Woods bought and operated a vineyard and orchard in the Swan Valley.

伍兹重返平民生活后，在天鹅谷购买并经营了一个葡萄园和果园。

He married Olive Adeline Wilson at the Caversham Methodist Church on 30 April 1921.

1921 年 4 月 30 日，他在卡弗舍姆卫理公会教堂与奥利弗·艾德琳·威尔逊 (Olive Adeline Wilson) 结婚。

The couple had seven children: four sons and three daughters.

这对夫妇有七个孩子：四个儿子和三个女儿。

James suffered from poor health as a result of his gassing and chest infections during his service, and in 1937 retired on a full pension, expected to only live a few more years.

詹姆斯在服役期间因排气和胸部感染而健康状况不佳，并于 1937 年领取全额养老金退休，预计只能再活几年。

The family moved to Claremont.

全家搬到了克莱蒙特。

His sons Gordon and Norman served in the Royal Australian Air Force during World War II; Gordon, the eldest, was killed in a flying training accident near Newcastle, New South Wales, in October 1943.

他的儿子戈登和诺曼在第二次世界大战期间在澳大利亚皇家空军服役。 1943 年 10 月，长子戈登在新南威尔士州纽卡斯尔附近的一次飞行训练事故中丧生。

In retirement, Woods was involved with the Returned Sailors', Soldiers' and Airmen's Imperial League of Australia, serving as president of the Caversham sub-branch, and was a keen fisherman.

退休后，伍兹加入了澳大利亚归国水手、士兵和飞行员帝国联盟，担任卡弗沙姆分会主席，并且是一位热衷于钓鱼的人。

In 1956, he went to the UK to attend the VC centenary.

1956年赴英国参加VC百年纪念活动。

Woods died on 18 January 1963 in the Repatriation General Hospital, Hollywood, in Nedlands, aged 77, and was buried in Karrakatta Cemetery.

伍兹于 1963 年 1 月 18 日在尼德兰好莱坞遣返总医院去世，享年 77 岁，葬于卡拉卡塔公墓。

He was survived by his wife and six children.

他身后留下了妻子和六个孩子。

A ward at the Repatriation General Hospital, now known as the Hollywood Private Hospital, is named in his honour.

遣返总医院（现称为好莱坞私人医院）的一个病房以他的名字命名。

As well as the Victoria Cross, British War Medal and Victory Medal for his service in World War I, Woods was later awarded the King George VI Coronation Medal and Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal.

除了维多利亚十字勋章、英国战争勋章和胜利勋章外，伍兹还因其在第一次世界大战中的服役而获得了乔治六世国王加冕勋章和伊丽莎白二世女王加冕勋章。

His medal set, including his Victoria Cross, was presented to the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, and is displayed in the Hall of Valour.

他的奖章，包括维多利亚十字勋章，被赠送给堪培拉的澳大利亚战争纪念馆，并陈列在英勇厅。

The Victoria Cross is the pre-eminent award for gallantry in the armed services and since 1991 the Victoria Cross for Australia has been awarded in the Australian honours system.

维多利亚十字勋章是表彰武装部队英勇行为的杰出奖项，自 1991 年以来，澳大利亚维多利亚十字勋章一直被授予澳大利亚荣誉体系。

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澳大利亚帝国军队在法国：1918 年 5 月——停战协定。

Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918.

1914-1918 年战争中的澳大利亚官方历史。

Vol. 6 (1 ed.).

卷。 6（1 版）。

Sydney, New South Wales: Angus & Robertson.

新南威尔士州悉尼：安格斯和罗伯逊。

OCLC 830564565.

OCLC 830564565。

Blanch, Craig; Pegram, Aaron (2018).

布兰奇，克雷格；亚伦·佩格拉姆 (2018)。

For Valour: Australians Awarded the Victoria Cross.

勇敢：澳大利亚人被授予维多利亚十字勋章。

Sydney, New South Wales: NewSouth Publishing.

新南威尔士州悉尼：新南方出版社。

ISBN 978-1-74223-542-4.

ISBN 978-1-74223-542-4。

Brazier, Kevin (2010).

凯文·布雷泽 (2010)。

The Complete Victoria Cross.

完整的维多利亚十字勋章。

Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Military.

英国巴恩斯利：笔与剑军事。

ISBN 978-1-84884-150-5.

ISBN 978-1-84884-150-5。

Devine, W.

迪瓦恩，W.

(1919).

（1919）。

The Story of a Battalion: Being a Record of the 48th Battalion, A.I.F.

一个营的故事：作为第 48 营的记录，A.I.F.

Melbourne, Victoria: Melville & Mullen.

维多利亚州墨尔本：梅尔维尔和马伦。

OCLC 3854185.

OCLC 3854185。

Madden, Michael (2018).

迈克尔·麦登 (2018)。

The Victoria Cross, Australia Remembers.

澳大利亚记忆中的维多利亚十字勋章。

Melbourne, Victoria: Big Sky Publishing.

维多利亚州墨尔本：Big Sky 出版社。

ISBN 978-1-925520-98-9.

ISBN 978-1-925520-98-9。

Staunton, Anthony (2005).

安东尼·斯汤顿（2005）。

Victoria Cross.

维多利亚十字。

Prahran, Victoria: Hardie Grant.

维多利亚州普拉兰：哈迪·格兰特。

ISBN 978-1-74273-486-6.

ISBN 978-1-74273-486-6。

Wigmore, Lionel; Harding, Bruce A.

威格莫尔，莱昂内尔；哈丁，布鲁斯 A.

(1986).

（1986）。

Williams, Jeff; Staunton, Anthony (eds.).

威廉姆斯，杰夫；安东尼·斯汤顿（编）。

They Dared Mightily (2 ed.).

他们胆大妄为（第二版）。

Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial.

澳大利亚首都领地堪培拉：澳大利亚战争纪念馆。

ISBN 978-0-642-99471-4.

ISBN 978-0-642-99471-4。

Jarrett, Ian (21 April 2014).

伊恩·贾勒特（2014 年 4 月 21 日）。

"Tale of two ships".

《两艘船的故事》。

The West Australian.

西澳大利亚人。

Retrieved 31 December 2015.

检索日期：2015 年 12 月 31 日。

"No. 31082".

“31082号”。

The London Gazette (Supplement).

伦敦公报（增刊）。

24 December 1918.

1918 年 12 月 24 日。

p.

p。

15119.

15119。

"48th Australian Infantry Battalion".

“第48澳大利亚步兵营”。

Australian War Memorial.

澳大利亚战争纪念馆。

Retrieved 4 October 2018.

检索日期：2018 年 10 月 4 日。

"A History of Caring".

《关怀的历史》。

Hollywood Private Hospital.

好莱坞私立医院。

Retrieved 12 December 2018.

检索日期：2018 年 12 月 12 日。

Higgins, Matthew (1990).

马修·希金斯（1990）。

"Woods, James Park (1886–1963)".

“詹姆斯·帕克·伍兹（1886-1963）”。

Australian Dictionary of Biography.

澳大利亚传记词典。

National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.

澳大利亚国立大学国家传记中心。

ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7.

ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7。

ISSN 1833-7538.

ISSN 1833-7538。

OCLC 70677943.

OCLC 70677943。

Retrieved 4 October 2018.

检索日期：2018 年 10 月 4 日。

"NAA: B2455, Woods J P".

“NAA：B2455，伍兹 J P”。

National Archives of Australia.

澳大利亚国家档案馆。

1914–1920.

1914 年至 1920 年。

Retrieved 4 October 2018.

检索日期：2018 年 10 月 4 日。

"Victoria Cross: Private J P Woods, 48 Battalion, AIF".

“维多利亚·克罗斯：列兵 J·P·伍兹，AIF 第 48 营”。

Australian War Memorial.

澳大利亚战争纪念馆。

Retrieved 13 December 2018.

检索日期：2018 年 12 月 13 日。

"Woods, James Parks".

“伍兹，詹姆斯·帕克斯”。

Genealogy SA.

家谱SA。

Retrieved 26 October 2018.

检索日期：2018 年 10 月 26 日。