World War II: A Month-by-Month Master Timeline

World War II (1939-1945) was the deadliest conflict in human history: a truly global war fought across Europe, the Atlantic, North Africa, the Middle East, East Asia, the Pacific and Southeast Asia. The principal belligerents were the Axis powers - Germany, Italy and Japan - against the Allied coalition led by Britain, the Soviet Union, the United States and China, with dozens of states drawn in on both sides.

第二次世界大战（1939-1945）是人类历史上最致命的冲突：一场横跨欧洲、大西洋、北非、中东、东亚、太平洋和东南亚的真正的全球战争。主要交战方是轴心国——德国、意大利和日本——对抗由英国、苏联、美国和中国领导的同盟国，双方都有数十个国家参与其中。

It is generally held to have begun on 1 September 1939 with the German invasion of Poland (preceded by Japans full-scale war on China from 1937 and by a decade of Fascist aggression), and to have ended on 2 September 1945 with the surrender of Japan. Between 70 and 85 million people died - the majority civilians - including the Holocaust in which some six million Jews were systematically murdered.

一般认为，它始于 1939 年 9 月 1 日德国入侵波兰（在此之前，日本从 1937 年开始对华发动全面战争，并经历了长达十年的法西斯侵略），结束于 1945 年 9 月 2 日日本投降。 70 至 8500 万人死亡，其中大多数是平民，其中包括约 600 万犹太人被系统性杀害的大屠杀。

The war was decided by industrial capacity, logistics, intelligence (codebreaking at Bletchley Park and Station HYPO), air power, and mass mobilization: from the Battle of the Atlantic to the Eastern Front encirclements, from carrier warfare in the Pacific to the Manhattan Project, whose atomic bombs closed the final chapter. What follows is a month-by-month record of how it unfolded, compiled from the Wikipedia year timelines with Grokipedia and official-museum material cross-checked.

战争的决定因素包括工业能力、后勤、情报（布莱切利公园和海波站的密码破译）、空中力量和群众动员：从大西洋战役到东线包围圈，从太平洋航母战到曼哈顿计划，后者的原子弹结束了最后一章。以下是它如何展开的逐月记录，根据维基百科的年份时间表、Grokipedia 和官方博物馆材料进行交叉核对。

The road to war was fifteen years long. The timeline below gives the anchor dates most often cited by historians; the full pre-1939 chronology is covered in the companion source notes.

战争之路长达十五年。下面的时间表给出了历史学家最常引用的锚定日期；配套的源注释中涵盖了 1939 年之前的完整年表。

28 June 1919 - The Treaty of Versailles imposes reparations and territorial losses on Germany; the "war guilt" clause and economic humiliation poison German politics for two decades.

1919 年 6 月 28 日 - 《凡尔赛条约》对德国进行赔偿和领土损失； “战争罪”条款和经济羞辱毒害了德国政治长达二十年。

24 October 1929 - The Wall Street crash begins the Great Depression; mass unemployment fuels extremist movements across Europe.

1929 年 10 月 24 日——华尔街崩溃，大萧条开始；大规模失业助长了整个欧洲的极端主义运动。

18 September 1931 - Japan stages the Mukden incident and seizes Manchuria, defying the League of Nations and prefiguring the pattern of unpunished aggression.

1931 年 9 月 18 日 - 日本制造了沉阳事变并占领满洲里，无视国际联盟并预示着不受惩罚的侵略模式。

30 January 1933 - Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany; within months the Nazi dictatorship dismantles democratic institutions and begins open rearmament.

1933 年 1 月 30 日 - 希特勒就任德国总理；几个月之内，纳粹独裁政权就瓦解了民主机构，并开始公开重新武装。

3 October 1935 - Italy invades Abyssinia (Ethiopia); the League sanctions fail, discrediting collective security.

1935 年 10 月 3 日 - 意大利入侵阿比西尼亚（埃塞俄比亚）；国际联盟的制裁失败，集体安全受到损害。

7 March 1936 - German troops remilitarize the Rhineland in open violation of Versailles and Locarno; France and Britain do not respond.

1936 年 3 月 7 日 - 德国军队在莱茵兰重新军事化，公然侵犯凡尔赛和洛迦诺；法国和英国没有回应。

17 July 1936 - The Spanish Civil War begins; Germany and Italy test aircraft, armour and tactics that will be used in 1939.

1936 年 7 月 17 日 - 西班牙内战开始；德国和意大利测试将在 1939 年使用的飞机、装甲和战术。

13 December 1937 - The Nanjing Massacre caps the Japanese conquest of eastern China; full-scale Sino-Japanese war has been underway since July (Marco Polo Bridge).

1937 年 12 月 13 日——南京大屠杀结束了日本对中国东部的征服；中日全面战争从七月开始（卢沟桥）。

12 March 1938 - The Anschluss unites Austria with Germany; Czechoslovakia is now surrounded on three sides.

1938 年 3 月 12 日 - 合并奥地利与德国；捷克斯洛伐克现在被三面包围。

30 September 1938 - The Munich Agreement hands the Sudetenland to Germany; "peace for our time" buys eleven months.

1938 年 9 月 30 日 - 《慕尼黑协定》将苏台德地区移交给德国； “我们时代的和平”买了十一个月。

15 March 1939 - German troops occupy Prague; Britain guarantees Poland the following fortnight.

1939 年 3 月 15 日 - 德国军队占领布拉格；英国在接下来的两周内向波兰提供保证。

23 August 1939 - The Molotov-Ribbentrop pact - with its secret protocol dividing Eastern Europe - removes the last obstacle to an attack on Poland.

1939 年 8 月 23 日 - 莫洛托夫-里宾特洛甫条约 - 及其分裂东欧的秘密协议 - 消除了进攻波兰的最后障碍。

1939 in brief - Germany invaded Poland on 1 September after staging the Gleiwitz incident; Britain and France declared war two days later, but the western front stayed quiet through the Phoney War. The Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east on 17 September, and Helsinki suffered the first Winter War air raids at the end of November.

1939 年简述 - 德国在发动格莱维茨事件后于 9 月 1 日入侵波兰；两天后，英国和法国宣战，但西线在这场假战争中保持平静。 9月17日，苏联从东部入侵波兰，11月底，赫尔辛基遭受了冬季战争的第一次空袭。

1 September 1939 - The Republic of China and the Empire of Japan are involved in the early stages of the third year of armed conflict between them during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The war is in what will be known as the "Second Period", which begins after the fall of Wuhan in October 1938 and ends in December 1941 with Pearl Harbor. This conflict will eventually be swept up into World War II when Japan joins the Axis and China j...

1939 年 9 月 1 日——中华民国与日本帝国陷入抗日战争第三年武装冲突的初期阶段。这场战争正处于所谓的“第二阶段”，从 1938 年 10 月武汉陷落开始，到 1941 年 12 月珍珠港事件结束。当日本加入轴心国而中国加入时，这场冲突最终将卷入第二次世界大战。

1 September 1939 - In a mass evacuation effort (code named "operation Pied Piper") the British authorities relocate 1,473,000 children and adults from the cities to the countryside. The adults involved were teachers, people with disabilities and their helpers, mothers with preschool children.

1939 年 9 月 1 日 - 在一次大规模疏散行动（代号为“花衣魔笛手行动”）中，英国当局将 1,473,000 名儿童和成人从城市转移到乡村。参与其中的成年人包括教师、残疾人及其助手、带着学龄前儿童的母亲。

1 September 1939 - The President of the United States Franklin Delano Roosevelt sends an appeal to all European powers involved in the crisis asking them to abstain from bombing civilian and unfortified cities. Germany's Führer, Adolf Hitler, answers immediately assuring the American chargé d'affaires Alexander C. Kirk that the Luftwaffe will only attack military targets. The British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain also promises ...

1939 年 9 月 1 日 - 美国总统富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福向所有卷入危机的欧洲国家发出呼吁，要求他们不要轰炸平民和不设防的城市。德国元首阿道夫·希特勒立即做出答复，向美国临时代办亚历山大·柯克保证德国空军只会攻击军事目标。英国首相内维尔·张伯伦还承诺...

1 September 1939 - The invasion of Poland by Germany starts at 4:45 am when the Kriegsmarine ' s battleship Schleswig-Holstein opens fire on the Polish military transit depot at Westerplatte in the Free City of Danzig on the Baltic Sea, but the attack is repulsed. At the same time the Luftwaffe attacks several targets in Poland, among them Wieluń, the first town in the war to be carpet bombed by the Germans. Shortly before 6:00 a....

1939 年 9 月 1 日 - 德国对波兰的入侵于凌晨 4:45 开始，德国海军的战列舰石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因号向波罗的海自由城但泽的韦斯特普拉特的波兰军事中转站开火，但攻击被击退。 与此同时，德国空军袭击了波兰的几个目标，其中包括维隆，这是战争中第一个被德国人地毯式轰炸的城镇。 就在 6:00 之前不久......

3 September 1939 - In Britain, Chamberlain forms a new war ministry with a smaller and more powerful war cabinet within composed of nine ministers (Chamberlain, Sir Samuel Hoare, Sir John Simon, Lord Halifax, Leslie Hore-Belisha, Sir Kingsley Wood, Lord Chatfield, Lord Hankey and Winston Churchill).

1939 年 9 月 3 日 - 在英国，张伯伦组建了一个新的战争部，其中包括一个更小但更强大的战争内阁，由九名大臣组成（张伯伦、塞缪尔·霍尔爵士、约翰·西蒙爵士、哈利法克斯勋爵、莱斯利·霍尔-贝利沙、金斯利·伍德爵士、查特菲尔德勋爵、汉基勋爵和温斯顿·丘吉尔）。

3 September 1939 - Within hours of the British declaration of War, SS Athenia, a British cruise ship en route from Glasgow, UK, to Montreal, Canada, is torpedoed by the German submarine U-30 250 miles (400 km) Northwest of Ireland. 112 passengers and crew members are killed. The " Battle of the Atlantic " starts.

1939 年 9 月 3 日 - 英国宣战后数小时内，一艘从英国格拉斯哥前往加拿大蒙特利尔的英国游轮 SS Athenia 在爱尔兰西北 250 英里（400 公里）处被德国潜艇 U-30 鱼雷击中。 112名乘客和机组人员遇难。 “大西洋之战”开始。

3 September 1939 - In Britain's first military action, the Royal Air Force 's Bomber Command sends out 27 planes to bomb the Kriegsmarine, but they turn back before having been able to find any targets. Overnight ten Whitleys made the first of many 'nickel raids' in Bremen, Hamburg and the Ruhr in which the planes dropped propaganda leaflets.

1939 年 9 月 3 日 - 在英国的第一次军事行动中，英国皇家空军轰炸机司令部派出了 27 架飞机轰炸德国海军，但他们在发现任何目标之前就折返了。 一夜之间，十架惠特利飞机在不来梅、汉堡和鲁尔地区进行了许多“镍袭击”中的第一次，飞机在其中投放了宣传传单。

4 September 1939 - The South African Prime Minister Barry Hertzog motion to remain neutral in the war is defeated in the Assembly 80 votes against 67. At this point, Hertzog goes to the Governor-General Patrick Duncan and asks him to call a new election, which Duncan refuses.

1939 年 9 月 4 日 - 南非总理巴里·赫尔佐格提出的在战争中保持中立的动议在议会以 80 票对 67 票被否决。此时，赫尔佐格去找总督帕特里克·邓肯，要求他重新举行选举，但邓肯拒绝了。

4 September 1939 - Japan 's Prime Minister Nobuyuki Abe sends a formal note to all belligerents and neutrals announcing it would remain neutral and "avoid becoming involved" in the European conflict; instead it will concentrate on "settling the China incident".

1939 年 9 月 4 日 - 日本首相安倍晋三向所有交战国和中立国发出正式照会，宣布日本将保持中立并“避免卷入”欧洲冲突；相反，它将集中精力“解决中国事件”。

4 September 1939 - In the first British raid of the war, the Royal Air Force 's send 15 Blenheim bombers to launch a bombing raid on the German fleet in the Heligoland Bight. They target the German pocket-battleship Admiral Scheer and the light cruiser Emden anchored off Wilhelmshaven. Seven aircraft are lost in the attack and, although the Admiral Scheer is hit three times, all of the bombs fail to explode.

1939 年 9 月 4 日 - 在英国的第一次空袭中，英国皇家空军派出 15 架布莱尼姆轰炸机对黑尔戈兰湾的德国舰队发动轰炸。他们的目标是停泊在威廉港附近的德国袖珍战列舰谢尔海军上将号和埃姆登号轻巡洋舰。袭击中损失了 7 架飞机，虽然谢尔海军上将号被击中 3 次，但所有炸弹都没有爆炸。

5 September 1939 - Following the administration's declaration of neutrality, American President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders to put together a Neutrality Patrol which must observe and report any belligerent forces by patrolling the United States Atlantic coast and the Caribbean.

1939 年 9 月 5 日 - 在政府宣布中立之后，美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福下令组建中立巡逻队，该巡逻队必须在美国大西洋海岸和加勒比海地区巡逻，观察和报告任何交战部队。

16 September 1939 - Romanian Prime Minister Armand Călinescu offers to the Germans a deal where in exchange for providing Romanians with captured Polish weapons, they would guarantee to give much larger amounts of oil and wheat so as to meet Germany's war needs for the years to come.

1939 年 9 月 16 日 - 罗马尼亚总理阿曼德·克利内斯库向德国人提出一项协议，作为向罗马尼亚人提供缴获的波兰武器的交换条件，他们将保证提供更多的石油和小麦，以满足德国未来几年的战争需求。

24 September 1939 - The Führer der Unterseeboote Karl Dönitz greatly relaxes prize rules ordering the sinking without warning of merchant ships that send signals by radio and the attack on smaller Allied passenger ships. He also opens the war on French shipping.

1939 年 9 月 24 日 - 元首卡尔·邓尼茨 (Karl Dönitz) 大大放宽了奖励规则，下令在没有警告的情况下击沉通过无线电发送信号的商船，并攻击较小的盟军客船。他还对法国航运发动了战争。

24 September 1939 - In Moscow, Molotov asks from the Estonian delegation a mutual assistance pact, which would give the Soviets naval and air bases. If the Soviet Union doesn't get military bases in Estonia, it will be compelled “to use force against Estonia”.

1939 年 9 月 24 日 - 在莫斯科，莫洛托夫向爱沙尼亚代表团请求一份互助协定，该协定将给予苏联海军和空军基地。如果苏联在爱沙尼亚得不到军事基地，它将被迫“对爱沙尼亚使用武力”。

26 September 1939 - The Luftwaffe attacks the Home Fleet between Scotland and the Skaggerak with limited success; on the occasion a Dornier Do 18 is shot down by a Fleet Air Arm Blackburn Skua from the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal, making it the first German plane shot down by the British.

1939 年 9 月 26 日 - 德国空军攻击苏格兰和斯卡格拉克之间的本土舰队，但成效有限；一架多尼尔 Do 18 飞机被皇家方舟号航空母舰上的布莱克本贼鸥号击落，成为第一架被英国击落的德国飞机。

28 September 1939 - German–Soviet Frontier Treaty is signed by Molotov and Ribbentrop. The secret protocol specifies the details of partition of Poland originally defined in Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (August 23, 1939) and adds Lithuania to the Soviet Union sphere of interest.

1939 年 9 月 28 日 - 莫洛托夫和里宾特洛甫签署德苏边境条约。该秘密协议规定了最初在《莫洛托夫-里宾特洛甫条约》（1939 年 8 月 23 日）中定义的波兰分割的细节，并将立陶宛纳入苏联利益范围。

1 October 1939 - The Chinese National Revolutionary Army at Changsha begins a counteroffensive that targets the Japanese army 's overextended lines of communication.

1939 年 10 月 1 日 - 长沙的中国国民革命军开始反攻，目标是日军过于延伸的交通线。

2 October 1939 - The Declaration of Panama is approved by the American republics. Belligerent activities should not take place within waters adjacent to the American continent. A neutrality zone of some 300 miles (480 km) in breadth is to be patrolled by the U.S. Navy.

1939 年 10 月 2 日 - 美洲各共和国批准了《巴拿马宣言》。交战活动不应在靠近美洲大陆的水域进行。宽约 300 英里（480 公里）的中立区将由美国海军巡逻。

2 October 1939 - In the name of a yet to be put in place Czechoslovak provisional government Štefan Osuský, signs a deal with the French government for the creation of a Czechoslovak army.

1939 年 10 月 2 日 - 以尚未成立的捷克斯洛伐克临时政府斯特凡·奥苏斯基 (Štefan Osuský) 的名义，与法国政府签署了建立捷克斯洛伐克军队的协议。

3 October 1939 - Lithuanians meet Stalin and Molotov in Moscow. Stalin offers Lithuania the city of Vilnius (in Poland) in return for allowing Soviet military bases in Lithuania. The Lithuanians are reluctant.

1939 年 10 月 3 日 - 立陶宛人在莫斯科会见斯大林和莫洛托夫。斯大林向立陶宛提供维尔纽斯市（位于波兰），以换取苏联在立陶宛建立军事基地。立陶宛人很不情愿。

5 October 1939 - Latvia signs a 10-year Mutual Assistance Pact with the Soviet Union, which allows the Soviets to have 25,000 men in military bases in Latvia. Stalin promises to respect Latvian independence.

1939 年 10 月 5 日 - 拉脱维亚与苏联签署为期 10 年的互助条约，允许苏联在拉脱维亚的军事基地驻扎 25,000 名士兵。斯大林承诺尊重拉脱维亚的独立。

5 October 1939 - Reacting to the news that German surface raiders are targeting commercial shipping, the British First Sea Lord Sir Dudley Pound orders the creation of eight hunting forces together with the French to scout the Atlantic and destroy the surface raiders.

1939 年 10 月 5 日 - 得知德国水面袭击者瞄准商业航运的消息后，英国第一海务大臣达德利·庞德爵士下令与法国一起组建八支狩猎部队，以侦察大西洋并摧毁水面袭击者。

9 October 1939 - The German cruiser Deutschland seizes the American freighter SS City of Flint and its crew, accusing them of contraband. Led by a prize crew the ship is ordered to go to Germany, causing a diplomatic incident with the United States and igniting American public opinion.

1939 年 10 月 9 日 - 德国巡洋舰德国号扣押了美国货船 SS City of Flint 及其船员，指控他们携带违禁品。该船由战利品船员率领，奉命前往德国，引发与美国的外交事件，并引发美国舆论。

10 October 1939 - Lithuania signs a 15-year Mutual Assistance Pact with the Soviet Union, which allows the Soviets to have 20,000 men in military bases in Lithuania. In a secret protocol, Vilnius is made Lithuanian territory.

1939 年 10 月 10 日 - 立陶宛与苏联签署为期 15 年的互助条约，允许苏联在立陶宛的军事基地拥有 20,000 名士兵。根据一项秘密协议，维尔纽斯成为立陶宛领土。

12 October 1939 - Finland's representatives meet Stalin and Molotov in Moscow. The Soviet Union demands Finland give up a military base near Helsinki and exchange some Soviet and Finnish territories to protect Leningrad against Great Britain or the eventual future threat of Germany.

1939 年 10 月 12 日 - 芬兰代表在莫斯科会见了斯大林和莫洛托夫。苏联要求芬兰放弃赫尔辛基附近的军事基地，并交换一些苏联和芬兰的领土，以保护列宁格勒免受英国或德国未来的威胁。

17 October 1939 - The Luftwaffe launches a new raid on Britain, this time targeting the British fleet anchored at Scapa Flow, again with limited success, with only the decommissioned HMS Iron Duke being hit.

1939 年 10 月 17 日 - 德国空军对英国发起新一轮突袭，这次的目标是停泊在斯卡帕湾的英国舰队，但同样收效甚微，只击中了退役的铁公爵号。

20 October 1939 - Germany's minister to Romania Wilhelm Fabricius unsuccessfully attempts to coax Romania in renouncing to the guarantee given in March by Britain to support them if invaded.

1939 年 10 月 20 日 - 德国驻罗马尼亚部长威廉·法布里修斯 (Wilhelm Fabricius) 试图劝说罗马尼亚放弃英国在 3 月份做出的在遭到入侵时支持他们的保证，但没有成功。

20 October 1939 - The " Phoney War ": French troops settle in the Maginot line's dormitories and tunnels; the British build new fortifications along the "gap" between the Maginot line and the Channel.

1939 年 10 月 20 日 - “假战争”：法国军队驻扎在马其诺防线的宿舍和隧道中；英国人沿着马其诺防线和英吉利海峡之间的“缺口”修建了新的防御工事。

21 October 1939 - The German prize crew anchors the SS City of Flint in Tromsø, Norway, but are immediately ordered to limit their stay to less than twenty-four hours.

1939 年 10 月 21 日 - 德国战利品船员在挪威特罗姆瑟的弗林特市号上抛锚，但立即被命令将停留时间限制在二十四小时以内。

26 October 1939 - Germany annexes the former Polish regions of Upper Silesia, West Prussia, Pomerania, Poznan, Ciechanow (Zichenau), part of Łódź, and the Free City of Danzig and creates two new administrative districts, Danzig-West Prussia and Posen (later called District Wartheland or Warthegau); the areas of occupied Poland not annexed directly by Germany or by the Soviet Union are placed under a German civilian administration c...

1939 年 10 月 26 日 - 德国吞并了前波兰地区的上西里西亚、西普鲁士、波美拉尼亚、波兹南、切哈诺（齐切瑙）、罗兹的一部分和但泽自由市，并创建了两个新的行政区：但泽-西普鲁士和波森（后来称为 Wartheland 区或 Warthegau）；未被德国或苏联直接吞并的被占领波兰地区由德国民政管理机构管辖...

28 October 1939 - Hitler, worried on one side by the protests received by the American and Norwegian governments, and on the other by the danger of losing a warship with such a prestigious name, orders the Deutschland to return home.

1939 年 10 月 28 日 - 希特勒一方面担心美国和挪威政府的抗议，另一方面担心失去一艘享有盛名的军舰的危险，因此命令德国号回国。

28 October 1939 - The anniversary of the birth of the First Czechoslovak Republic is signed throughout the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia by a large number of anti-Nazi protests. The German intervention causes the death of a demonstrator and the wounding of the student Jan Opletal.

1939 年 10 月 28 日 - 波西米亚和摩拉维亚保护国各地爆发了大量反纳粹抗议活动，庆祝捷克斯洛伐克第一共和国诞生。德国的干预导致一名示威者死亡，学生扬·奥普莱塔尔受伤。

3 November 1939 - Finland and Soviet Union again negotiate new borders. Finns mistrust Stalin's aims and refuse to give up territory breaking their defensive line.

1939 年 11 月 3 日 - 芬兰和苏联再次就新边界进行谈判。芬兰人不信任斯大林的目标，拒绝放弃突破防线的领土。

4 November 1939 - Roosevelt signs into law the amendments to the Neutrality Act: belligerents may buy arms from the United States, but on a strictly cash and carry basis, banning the use of American ships.

1939 年 11 月 4 日 - 罗斯福签署了《中立法案》修正案：交战方可以从美国购买武器，但严格以现金自运为基础，禁止使用美国船只。

4 November 1939 - The anchorage in Haugesund is judged a violation of international law by Norwegian authorities that during the night board the ship freeing the ship and interning the Germans.

1939 年 11 月 4 日 - 挪威当局判定海于格松的锚地违反了国际法，并在夜间登船释放了该船并拘留了德国人。

4 November 1939 - Hans Mayer sends an anonymous letter to the British Naval attaché in Oslo, Captain Hector Boyer, asking if the British wants information from Germany on present and future German weapons. If the answer is positive he requires that confirmation be given by a small change of the German version of the BBC World Service, which is done.

1939 年 11 月 4 日 - 汉斯·梅尔 (Hans Mayer) 向驻奥斯陆的英国海军武官赫克托·博耶 (Hector Boyer) 上尉发送了一封匿名信，询问英国是否希望德国提供有关当前和未来德国武器的信息。如果答案是肯定的，他要求对 BBC World Service 的德语版本进行小幅改动以进行确认，我们已经这样做了。

9 November 1939 - In the Venlo incident, British Secret Intelligence Service officers Sigismund Payne Best and Richard Henry Stevens fall victims to a false flag operation: at Venlo in neutral Netherlands, they are abducted by a group of German Sicherheitsdienst officers and brought to Germany.

1939 年 11 月 9 日 - 在芬洛事件中，英国秘密情报局官员西吉斯蒙德·佩恩·贝斯特和理查德·亨利·史蒂文斯成为假旗行动的受害者：在中立国荷兰的芬洛，他们被一群德国 Sicherheitsdienst 军官绑架并带到德国。

9 November 1939 - At an Anglo-French meeting held in Varennes general Gamelin obtains the approval of the Dyle plan, a strategy meant to keep the war out of France if Hitler invaded Belgium.

1939 年 11 月 9 日 - 在瓦雷讷举行的英法会议上，加甘林将军获得了戴尔计划的批准，该计划的目的是在希特勒入侵比利时时将战争排除在法国之外。

13 November 1939 - Negotiations between Finland and Soviet Union break down. Finns suspect that Germans and Russians have agreed to include Finland in the Soviet sphere of influence.

1939 年 11 月 13 日 - 芬兰和苏联之间的谈判破裂。芬兰人怀疑德国人和俄罗斯人已经同意将芬兰纳入苏联势力范围。

16 November 1939 - Angered by the recent protests in Prague, Hitler summons to Berlin the Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia Konstantin von Neurath and his Higher SS and Police Leader Karl Hermann Frank making clear that unless the issue is dealt with rightaway the city will be razed to the ground.

1939 年 11 月 16 日 - 希特勒对布拉格最近的抗议活动感到愤怒，他向柏林传唤波西米亚和摩拉维亚帝国保护者康斯坦丁·冯·纽拉特及其高级党卫军和警察领导人卡尔·赫尔曼·弗兰克，明确表示，除非立即解决问题，否则这座城市将被夷为平地。

17 November 1939 - The Gestapo raids the Czech student buildings in Prague and arrests 1,900 students. Nine are shot (including historian Josef Matoušek) while 1,000 were sent to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.

1939 年 11 月 17 日 - 盖世太保突袭布拉格的捷克学生大楼并逮捕了 1,900 名学生。 9 人被枪杀（包括历史学家约瑟夫·马图塞克），1,000 人被送往萨克森豪森集中营。

21 November 1939 - The German battleships Gneisenau and the Scharnhorst are sent out to relieve pressure on the Admiral Graf Spee by bringing havoc on the shipping routes.

1939 年 11 月 21 日 - 德国战列舰格奈森瑙号和沙恩霍斯特号被派出，通过对航线造成严重破坏来缓解施佩伯爵海军上将号的压力。

21 November 1939 - The new German strategy of planting magnetic mines in the British seas obtains its first major success when a mine planted by the U-52 in the Firth of Forth put the light cruiser HMS Belfast out of service until the autumn of 1942.

1939 年 11 月 21 日 - 德国在英国海域埋设磁性水雷的新战略取得了第一次重大成功，U-52 在福斯湾埋设的水雷导致轻型巡洋舰贝尔法斯特号无法服役，直到 1942 年秋天。

22 November 1939 - The Luftwaffe drops in the mud an intact magnetic mine off Shoeburyness at the mouth of the Thames Estuary. Once salvaged, Admiralty scientists invented degaussing that greatly decreased the danger represented by magnetic mines.

1939 年 11 月 22 日 - 德国空军在泰晤士河口舒伯里内斯附近的泥浆中投下一枚完好无损的磁性地雷。一旦被打捞上来，海军部的科学家发明了消磁技术，大大降低了磁性地雷所带来的危险。

22 November 1939 - In opposition to the Czechoslovak National Committee, Milan Hodža founds in Paris the Slovak National Council with him as Chairman and Peter Prídavok as secretary.

1939 年 11 月 22 日 - 为了反对捷克斯洛伐克全国委员会，米兰·霍扎在巴黎成立了斯洛伐克全国委员会，由他担任主席，彼得·普里达沃克担任秘书。

23 November 1939 - The German battleships Gneisenau and the Scharnhorst sink the British armed merchant cruiser HMS Rawalpindi between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. About 270 crewmen die, while only 38 survive.

1939 年 11 月 23 日 - 德国战列舰格奈森瑙号和沙恩霍斯特号在冰岛和法罗群岛之间击沉了英国武装商船拉瓦尔品第号。 大约 270 名船员死亡，只有 38 人幸存。

26 November 1939 - The Soviets stage the shelling of Mainila, Soviet artillery shells a field near the Finnish border, accusing Finns of killing Soviet troops.

1939 年 11 月 26 日 - 苏联炮击麦尼拉，苏联炮兵炮击芬兰边境附近的一片田地，指责芬兰人杀害了苏联军队。

26 November 1939 - Germany and Slovakia sign a border treaty which assigns to the latter the Polish parts of Orava and Spiš together with the territories taken by Poland in 1938.

1939 年 11 月 26 日 - 德国和斯洛伐克签署边界条约，将奥拉瓦和斯洛伐克的波兰部分以及 1938 年波兰占领的领土分配给后者。

14 December 1939 - The Admiral Graf Spee, badly damaged, anchors in the port of Montevideo, Uruguay, appealing to international law.

1939 年 12 月 14 日 - 严重受损的施佩伯爵海军上将号在乌拉圭蒙得维的亚港抛锚，诉诸国际法。

14 December 1939 - The USSR is expelled from the League of Nations in response to the Soviet invasion of Finland on November 30.

1939 年 12 月 14 日 - 由于苏联于 11 月 30 日入侵芬兰，苏联被开除出国际联盟。

18 December 1939 - Germany defeats Britain in the Battle of the Heligoland Bight.

1939 年 12 月 18 日 - 德国在黑尔戈兰湾海战中击败英国。

18 December 1939 - The first Canadian troops arrive in Europe.

1939 年 12 月 18 日 - 第一批加拿大军队抵达欧洲。

20 December 1939 - Captain Hans Langsdorff commits suicide in Argentina.

1939 年 12 月 20 日 - 汉斯·朗斯多夫上尉在阿根廷自杀。

20 December 1939 - The Czechoslovak National Committee is recognized in a limited form by the British government.

1939 年 12 月 20 日 - 英国政府以有限形式承认捷克斯洛伐克全国委员会。

28 December 1939 - The British Minister of Food W.S. Morrison announced that starting January 8, rationing would be expanded to include butter, bacon, ham and sugar.

1939 年 12 月 28 日——英国食品大臣 W.S.莫里森宣布，从 1 月 8 日开始，配给范围将扩大到包括黄油、培根、火腿和糖。

28 December 1939 - While patrolling the Butt of Lewis the British battleship HMS Barham is damaged by the German U-30 and put out of service for four months.

1939 年 12 月 28 日 - 在刘易斯巴特巡逻时，英国战列舰巴勒姆号被德国 U-30 损坏，并停止服役四个月。

1940 in brief - The year of German lightning victories: Denmark and Norway fell in April, the Low Countries and France in May-June, and Italy joined the Axis in June. The Battle of Britain raged through the summer while the Blitz hammered London from September; the Tripartite Pact bound Germany, Italy and Japan.

1940 年简述 - 德国闪电般胜利的一年：丹麦和挪威于 4 月沦陷，低地国家和法国于 5 月至 6 月沦陷，意大利于 6 月加入轴心国。不列颠之战整个夏天都在激烈进行，而闪电战则从九月开始袭击伦敦。三方条约约束了德国、意大利和日本。

7 January 1940 - Rationing of basic foodstuffs is established in the UK.

1940 年 1 月 7 日 - 英国实行基本食品配给制。

7 January 1940 - General Semyon Timoshenko takes command of Soviet Army forces in Finland.

1940 年 1 月 7 日 - 谢苗·铁莫申科 (Semyon Timoshenko) 将军接任驻芬兰苏联陆军司令。

7 January 1940 - A major Finnish victory at Suomussalmi is reported; one whole Soviet division is eliminated, and again numbers of military vehicles are captured.

1940 年 1 月 7 日 - 据报道芬兰在 Suomussalmi 取得重大胜利；整个苏联师被消灭，大量军车再次被俘获。

15 February 1940 - Hitler orders unrestricted submarine warfare.

1940 年 2 月 15 日 - 希特勒下令进行无限制潜艇战。

15 February 1940 - The Soviet army captures Summa, an important defence point in Finland, thereby breaking through the Mannerheim Line.

1940年2月15日——苏军攻占芬兰重要防御点苏马，从而突破曼纳海姆防线。

17 February 1940 - Manstein presents to Hitler his plans for invading France via the Ardennes forest.

1940 年 2 月 17 日 - 曼施坦因向希特勒提出了他通过阿登森林入侵法国的计划。

17 February 1940 - The Finns continue retreat from the Mannerheim Line.

1940 年 2 月 17 日 - 芬兰人继续从曼纳海姆防线撤退。

30 March 1940 - Japan establishes a puppet regime at Nanking, China, under Wang Jingwei.

1940 年 3 月 30 日 - 日本在中国南京建立汪精卫傀儡政权。

30 March 1940 - Britain undertakes secret reconnaissance flights to photograph the targeted areas inside the Soviet Union in preparation for Operation Pike, utilising high-altitude, high-speed stereoscopic photography pioneered by Sidney Cotton.

1940 年 3 月 30 日 - 英国利用西德尼·科顿 (Sidney Cotton) 首创的高空高速立体摄影技术，进行秘密侦察飞行，对苏联境内的目标区域进行拍摄，为派克行动做准备。

3 April 1940 - 22,000 Polish officers, policemen, and others are massacred by the Soviet NKVD in the Katyn massacre.

1940 年 4 月 3 日 - 在卡廷大屠杀中，22,000 名波兰军官、警察和其他人员被苏联内务人民委员部屠杀。

3 April 1940 - The Ministerial Defence Committee, with the First Lord of the Admiralty (Winston Churchill) as its chair, replaces Lord Chatfield 's ministerial position of Minister for Coordination of Defence.

1940 年 4 月 3 日 - 由第一海军大臣（温斯顿·丘吉尔）担任主席的部长级国防委员会取代了查特菲尔德勋爵的国防协调部长职务。

10 April 1940 - The German light cruiser Königsberg is sunk by British Fleet Air Arm dive bombers.

1940 年 4 月 10 日 - 德国轻型巡洋舰柯尼斯堡号被英国舰队航空兵俯冲轰炸机击沉。

10 April 1940 - Germans set up a Norwegian government under Vidkun Quisling, former minister of defence.

1940 年 4 月 10 日 - 德国建立了挪威政府，由前国防部长维德昆·吉斯林 (Vidkun Quisling) 领导。

10 May 1940 - The massive German offensive against the Western front: The invasion of Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France begins. In a bold stroke, German paratroops capture the Belgian fort Eben Emael.

1940 年 5 月 10 日 - 德国对西线发起大规模进攻：入侵卢森堡、比利时、荷兰和法国。德国伞兵勇敢地占领了比利时的埃本埃梅尔堡。

10 May 1940 - Germany invades France and The Benelux; Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom upon the resignation of Neville Chamberlain. The United Kingdom invades Iceland.

1940 年 5 月 10 日 - 德国入侵法国和比荷卢经济联盟；内维尔·张伯伦辞职后，温斯顿·丘吉尔成为英国首相。英国入侵冰岛。

10 May 1940 - Belgium declares a state of emergency. Churchill is called on to form a wartime coalition government.

1940 年 5 月 10 日 - 比利时宣布进入紧急状态。丘吉尔被要求组建战时联合政府。

10 May 1940 - The Battle for The Hague becomes the first failed paratrooper attack in history as the Dutch quickly defeat the invaders.

1940 年 5 月 10 日 - 海牙之战成为历史上第一次失败的伞兵进攻，荷兰人迅速击​​败了入侵者。

11 May 1940 - Churchill offers the former Kaiser Wilhelm II, who is now living in the Netherlands, asylum in the United Kingdom; he declines.

1940 年 5 月 11 日 - 丘吉尔向现居荷兰的前德皇威廉二世提供在英国的庇护；他拒绝了。

14 May 1940 - The Rotterdam Blitz led to German success in the Battle of Rotterdam, while causing many civilian deaths and tremendous damage. The Netherlands decides to surrender with the exception of Zeeland.

1940 年 5 月 14 日 - 鹿特丹闪电战导致德国在鹿特丹战役中取得胜利，同时造成许多平民死亡和巨大破坏。荷兰决定投降，但泽兰除外。

14 May 1940 - The creation of the Local Defence Volunteers (the Home Guard) is announced by the new Secretary of State for War Anthony Eden. It is mostly composed of the elderly and retired.

1940 年 5 月 14 日 - 新任战争大臣安东尼·艾登宣布成立地方防卫志愿者部队（Home Guard）。主要由老年人和退休人员组成。

14 May 1940 - Churchill asks President Roosevelt and Canada for aid in these dark days. Outlines of the new British coalition, which includes Labour, Liberal, and Conservative members, is made public.

1940 年 5 月 14 日 - 丘吉尔请求罗斯福总统和加拿大在这些黑暗的日子里提供援助。由工党、自由党和保守党成员组成的新英国联盟的轮廓已公开。

15 May 1940 - In a response to the Rotterdam Blitz, the first large-scale strategic bombing of World War II targets Gelsenkirchen, followed by Hamburg, Bremen, Cologne, Essen, Duisburg, Düsseldorf and Hanover during the next days.

1940 年 5 月 15 日 - 作为对鹿特丹闪电战的回应，第二次世界大战的首次大规模战略轰炸目标是盖尔森基兴，随后几天内依次是汉堡、不来梅、科隆、埃森、杜伊斯堡、杜塞尔多夫和汉诺威。

16 May 1940 - The Belgian government leaves Belgium for Bordeaux in France, as the Belgian army retreats. It later moves to London.

1940 年 5 月 16 日 - 随着比利时军队撤退，比利时政府离开比利时前往法国波尔多。后来搬到了伦敦。

17 May 1940 - Paul Reynaud forms new French government, including 84-year-old Marshal Pétain, the French hero of World War I.

1940 年 5 月 17 日 - 保罗·雷诺 (Paul Reynaud) 组建新的法国政府，其中包括 84 岁的第一次世界大战法国英雄贝当元帅。

19 May 1940 - Amiens in France is besieged by German troops; Rommel 's forces surround Arras; other German forces reach Noyelles on the Channel.

1940 年 5 月 19 日 - 法国亚眠被德军围困；隆美尔的军队包围了阿拉斯；其他德军部队经海峡抵达诺耶勒斯。

25 May 1940 - Soviet Union is preparing a total takeover in the Baltic States organizing and staging conflicts between the Baltic States and the USSR. Soviet government accuses Lithuania of kidnapping Soviet soldiers.

1940 年 5 月 25 日 - 苏联正准备全面接管波罗的海国家，并组织和上演波罗的海国家与苏联之间的冲突。苏联政府指责立陶宛绑架苏联士兵。

25 May 1940 - Hitler orders a halt to the advance of Germans toward the Allied beachhead and allows Hermann Göring to use the Luftwaffe to attack. British R.A.F. defends the beachhead.

1940 年 5 月 25 日 - 希特勒下令停止德军向盟军滩头阵地推进，并允许赫尔曼·戈林使用德国空军进攻。英国皇家空军保卫滩头阵地。

26 May 1940 - Operation Dynamo, the Allied evacuation of 340,000 troops from Dunkirk, begins. The move will last until June 3 under ferocious bombardment by the Luftwaffe.

1940 年 5 月 26 日 - 迪纳摩行动，盟军从敦刻尔克撤离 340,000 名士兵开始。这次行动将在德国空军的猛烈轰炸下持续到6月3日。

26 May 1940 - The Patrol vessel A4 arrives in Plymouth, evacuating the final 40 tonnes of national gold reserves out of Belgium.

1940 年 5 月 26 日 - 巡逻船 A4 抵达普利茅斯，将最后 40 吨国家黄金储备运出比利时。

3 June 1940 - Last day of Operation Dynamo. 224,686 British and 121,445 French and Belgian troops have been evacuated.

1940 年 6 月 3 日 - 发电机行动的最后一天。 224,686 名英国士兵以及 121,445 名法国和比利时士兵已撤离。

14 June 1940 - Paris occupied by German troops; Elements of the French Navy (Marine Nationale) based in Toulon carried out offensive operations against Italian targets along the Ligurian coast.

1940 年 6 月 14 日 - 巴黎被德军占领；驻扎在土伦的法国海军（国家海军陆战队）对利古里亚海岸的意大利目标进行了进攻。

14 June 1940 - A total military blockade on the Baltic States by the Soviet Baltic Fleet. Soviet troops along the Baltic borders are ready to organise communist coups in the Baltic States. Soviet bombers shoot down a Finnish passenger airplane Kaleva flying from Tallinn to Helsinki and carrying three diplomatic pouches from the U.S. legations in Tallinn, Riga and Helsinki.

1940 年 6 月 14 日 - 苏联波罗的海舰队对波罗的海国家进行全面军事封锁。波罗的海边境的苏联军队准备在波罗的海国家组织共产主义政变。苏联轰炸机击落了一架从塔林飞往赫尔辛基的芬兰客机卡莱瓦，该客机载有美国驻塔林、里加和赫尔辛基使馆的三个外交邮袋。

15 June 1940 - Eight-hour ultimatum to surrender is given to Lithuania by the Soviets. President Smetona escapes from the country so the takeover is not possible to do in a formally legal way. Soviet troops enter Lithuania and attack Latvian border guards.

1940 年 6 月 15 日 - 苏联向立陶宛发出八小时投降最后通牒。斯梅托纳总统逃离了该国，因此不可能以正式合法的方式进行接管。苏联军队进入立陶宛并袭击拉脱维亚边防部队。

15 June 1940 - Start of the evacuation of British troops from ports in western France in Operation Aerial.

1940 年 6 月 15 日 - 空中行动开始从法国西部港口撤离英国军队。

16 June 1940 - The French sloop La Curieuse forces the Italian submarine Provano to surface and then sinks it by ramming.

1940 年 6 月 16 日 - 法国单桅帆船 La Curieuse 迫使意大利潜艇 Provano 浮出水面，然后通过撞击将其击沉。

16 June 1940 - Philippe Pétain becomes premier of France upon the resignation of Reynaud's government.

1940 年 6 月 16 日 - 雷诺政府辞职后，菲利普·贝当就任法国总理。

17 June 1940 - Sinking of liner RMS Lancastria off St Nazaire while being used as a British troopship— 5000-7000 are killed in Britain's worst maritime disaster.

1940 年 6 月 17 日 - 兰开斯特里亚号邮轮在圣纳泽尔附近被用作英国军舰时沉没，造成 5000 至 7000 人死亡，这是英国最严重的海上灾难。

18 June 1940 - General De Gaulle forms the Comité français de la Libération nationale, a French government in exile.

1940 年 6 月 18 日 - 戴高乐将军组建法国民族解放委员会，这是一个法国流亡政府。

21 June 1940 - Elements of two Italian armies cross into France during Italian invasion of France.

1940 年 6 月 21 日 - 在意大利入侵法国期间，两支意大利军队的部队进入法国。

21 June 1940 - The French battleship Lorraine opened fire on the Italian port of Bardia in Italian North Africa. During some of the last actions of the French against the Italians, French naval aircraft attacked Taranto and Livorno in mainland Italy.

1940 年 6 月 21 日 - 法国战列舰洛林号向意属北非的意大利巴迪亚港开火。在法国对意大利的最后一些行动中，法国海军飞机袭击了意大利大陆的塔兰托和利沃诺。

21 June 1940 - Soviet-led coups in the Baltic States. In the only military resistance in Tallinn, 2 die on Estonian side and about 10 on the Soviet side.

1940 年 6 月 21 日 - 苏联领导的波罗的海国家政变。在塔林唯一的军事抵抗中，爱沙尼亚一方死亡2人，苏联一方死亡约10人。

25 June 1940 - Last major evacuation of Operation Aerial; 191,870 Allied soldiers, airmen and some civilians had escaped from France.

1940 年 6 月 25 日——空中行动的最后一次大规模撤离； 191,870 名盟军士兵、飞行员和一些平民逃离了法国。

28 June 1940 - The Red Army occupies Romanian Bessarabia and the northern part of Bukovina.

1940 年 6 月 28 日 - 红军占领罗马尼亚比萨拉比亚和布科维纳北部。

28 June 1940 - Marshal Italo Balbo, Commander-in-Chief of Italian North Africa, is accidentally killed in a " friendly fire incident " by Italian anti-aircraft fire at Tobruk, Libya.

1940 年 6 月 28 日 - 意大利北非总司令伊塔洛·巴尔博元帅在利比亚托布鲁克的意大利防空火力的“误伤事件”中意外身亡。

28 June 1940 - The Luftwaffe bombs the demilitarised British Channel Islands, they had not been informed of the demilitarization. In Guernsey, 33 are killed and 67 injured, in Jersey, 9 are killed and many are injured.

1940 年 6 月 28 日 - 德国空军轰炸了非军事化的英属海峡群岛，他们并未获悉非军事化的消息。根西岛有 33 人死亡、67 人受伤；泽西岛有 9 人死亡、多人受伤。

1 July 1940 - Marshal Rodolfo Graziani is named as Balbo's replacement in North Africa.

1940 年 7 月 1 日 - 鲁道夫·格拉齐亚尼元帅被任命为北非巴尔博的继任者。

1 July 1940 - The Italian Royal Air Force starts bombing the British Mandate of Palestine.

1940 年 7 月 1 日 - 意大利皇家空军开始轰炸英国托管地巴勒斯坦。

1 July 1940 - Channel Islands occupation is completed by German forces.

1940 年 7 月 1 日 - 德国军队完成对海峡群岛的占领。

2 July 1940 - Hitler orders preparation of plans for invasion of Britain, code-named Operation Sea Lion.

1940 年 7 月 2 日 - 希特勒下令准备入侵英国的计划，代号为“海狮行动”。

2 July 1940 - Brighton beach is closed to the public and mines, barbed wire and other defences are put into place.

1940 年 7 月 2 日 - 布莱顿海滩不对公众开放，并布设了地雷、铁丝网和其他防御设施。

3 July 1940 - The British attack and destroy the French navy, fearing that it would fall into German hands.

1940 年 7 月 3 日 - 英国攻击并摧毁了法国海军，担心其落入德国之手。

4 July 1940 - The destruction of the French Fleet at Mers-el-Kébir, Algeria by the Royal Navy; Vichy French government breaks off diplomatic relations with Britain in protest. At Alexandria the French agree to demilitarise the French battleship Lorraine and several smaller ships.

1940 年 7 月 4 日 - 皇家海军摧毁了阿尔及利亚 Mers-el-Kébir 的法国舰队；法国维希政府断绝与英国的外交关系以示抗议。在亚历山大，法国同意将法国战列舰洛林号和几艘较小的船只非军事化。

4 July 1940 - Sark surrenders to the Germans. The Germans now control all of the British Channel Islands.

1940 年 7 月 4 日 - 萨克岛向德国投降。德国人现在控制了整个英属海峡群岛。

4 July 1940 - The Duke of Windsor (tainted by suspicion of pro-Nazism) is named 56th governor of the Bahamas, putting him some distance from controversy.

1940 年 7 月 4 日 - 温莎公爵（因涉嫌亲纳粹主义）被任命为巴哈马第 56 任总督，使他远离了争议。

4 July 1940 - The German News Bureau released excerpts of the documents captured during the fall of France relating to Operation Pike, an Anglo-French plan to bomb Soviet oil fields. The compromised operation was subsequently aborted.

1940 年 7 月 4 日 - 德国新闻局公布了法国沦陷期间捕获的与派克行动有关的文件摘录，派克行动是一项英法轰炸苏联油田的计划。受损的操作随后被中止。

10 July 1940 - The Battle of Britain begins with Luftwaffe raids on channel shipping.

1940 年 7 月 10 日 - 不列颠之战以德国空军袭击海峡航运开始。

10 July 1940 - President Roosevelt asks Congress for huge increases in military preparations.

1940 年 7 月 10 日 - 罗斯福总统要求国会大幅增加军事准备。

19 July 1940 - General Johan Laidoner of Estonia is deported to Siberia.

1940 年 7 月 19 日 - 爱沙尼亚将军约翰·莱多纳 (Johan Laidoner) 被驱逐到西伯利亚。

19 July 1940 - Allied ships clash with two Italian light cruisers, sinking one in the Battle of Cape Spada.

1940 年 7 月 19 日 - 盟军舰艇与两艘意大利轻巡洋舰发生冲突，在斯帕达角海战中击沉一艘。

21 July 1940 - In the Baltic States Soviet controlled parliaments request membership of USSR.

1940 年 7 月 21 日 - 在波罗的海国家，苏联控制的议会请求加入苏联。

22 July 1940 - The Havana Conference meets; the nations of the Western hemisphere meet to discuss neutrality and economic cooperation.

1940 年 7 月 22 日 - 哈瓦那会议召开；西半球国家开会讨论中立和经济合作。

1 August 1940 - Hitler sets 15 September as the date for Operation Sea Lion, the invasion of Britain.

1940 年 8 月 1 日 - 希特勒将 9 月 15 日定为入侵英国的海狮行动的日期。

1 August 1940 - The Italian Royal Navy establishes its BETASOM submarine base in Bordeaux and joins the " Battle of the Atlantic."

1940 年 8 月 1 日 - 意大利皇家海军在波尔多建立 BETASOM 潜艇基地，并加入“大西洋战役”。

1 August 1940 - Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov reaffirms Molotov–Ribbentrop pact in the Supreme Soviet while verbally attacking both Britain and the USA. He also asserts that the boundaries of the Soviet Union are moved to the shores of the Baltic Sea.

1940 年 8 月 1 日 - 苏联外交部长莫洛托夫在最高苏维埃重申莫洛托夫-里宾特洛甫条约，同时口头攻击英国和美国。他还声称，苏联的边界已移至波罗的海沿岸。

2 August 1940 - General Charles de Gaulle sentenced to death in absentia by a French military court.

1940 年 8 月 2 日 - 法国军事法庭缺席判处戴高乐将军死刑。

5 August 1940 - Failure to achieve air superiority and bad weather in the Channel results in a postponement of the invasion of Great Britain.

1940 年 8 月 5 日 - 由于未能取得空中优势且英吉利海峡天气恶劣，导致入侵英国的时间被推迟。

15 August 1940 - Sinking of the Greek cruiser Elli by an Italian submarine on 15 August 1940 at the harbour of Tinos.

1940年8月15日 - 1940年8月15日，一艘意大利潜艇在蒂诺斯港击沉了希腊巡洋舰埃利号。

15 August 1940 - RAF victories over the Luftwaffe continue, in a wide-ranging fight along the East coast. British fighter aircraft production begins to accelerate.

1940 年 8 月 15 日 - 英国皇家空军在东海岸的一场大范围战斗中继续战胜德国空军。英国战斗机生产开始加速。

16 August 1940 - A first draft of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement by the US and Britain is made public.

1940 年 8 月 16 日 - 美国和英国签署的驱逐舰基地协议初稿公布。

16 August 1940 - The Battle of Britain continues; Germans are hampered by poor aircraft range and British extensive use of RADAR.

1940 年 8 月 16 日 - 不列颠之战仍在继续；德国人受到飞机射程较差和英国人广泛使用雷达的阻碍。

20 August 1940 - Italy announces a blockade of British ports in the Mediterranean area.

1940 年 8 月 20 日 - 意大利宣布封锁英国在地中海地区的港口。

20 August 1940 - Chinese Communists launch the Hundred Regiments Offensive against the Japanese in North China.

1940年8月20日——中国共产党在华北发动对日军的百团大战。

20 August 1940 - Churchill's speech " Never was so much owed by so many to so few " speech delivered to the House of Commons.

1940 年 8 月 20 日 - 丘吉尔在下议院发表了“从来没有如此多的人对如此少的人如此多的亏欠”的演讲。

30 August 1940 - Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini dictated the so-called Second Vienna Award which forced Romania to hand over the Northern Transylvania (including the entire Maramureș and part of Crișana) to Hungary.

1940 年 8 月 30 日 - 阿道夫·希特勒和贝尼托·墨索里尼口述了所谓的第二次维也纳裁决，迫使罗马尼亚将特兰西瓦尼亚北部（包括整个马拉穆​​列什和克里察纳的一部分）移交给匈牙利。

30 August 1940 - The bombing of England continues; London is now bombed in retaliation for the bombing of Berlin; thus, the beginning of "the London Blitz."

1940 年 8 月 30 日 - 对英格兰的轰炸仍在继续；伦敦现在遭到轰炸，以报复柏林的轰炸；由此，“伦敦闪电战”开始了。

31 August 1940 - Two Royal Navy destroyers are sunk off the Dutch coast in the so-called " Texel Disaster ".

1940 年 8 月 31 日 - 在所谓的“特塞尔灾难”中，两艘皇家海军驱逐舰在荷兰海岸沉没。

31 August 1940 - Luftwaffe attacks on British airfields continue, as well as on London. Attacks on Radar installations prove ineffective.

1940 年 8 月 31 日 - 德国空军继续袭击英国机场和伦敦。对雷达装置的攻击被证明是无效的。

9 September 1940 - During the Western Desert Campaign, Italian colonial forces in Libya under General Mario Berti launch the invasion of Egypt. The first objective is to advance from defensive positions within Libya to the border with Egypt.

1940 年 9 月 9 日 - 在西部沙漠战役期间，马里奥·贝尔蒂 (Mario Berti) 将军率领的意大利利比亚殖民军发动了对埃及的入侵。第一个目标是从利比亚境内的防御阵地推进到埃及边境。

9 September 1940 - Tel Aviv in the British Mandate of Palestine is bombed by Italian aircraft causing 137 deaths.

1940 年 9 月 9 日 - 英国托管巴勒斯坦领土特拉维夫遭到意大利飞机轰炸，造成 137 人死亡。

10 September 1940 - The Italian Air Corps is formed to fight in the Battle of Britain.

1940 年 9 月 10 日 - 意大利空军成立，参加不列颠之战。

10 September 1940 - Operation Sea Lion is now set for 24 September.

1940 年 9 月 10 日 - 海狮行动现定于 9 月 24 日举行。

16 September 1940 - The Italian invasion of Egypt comes to a halt when approximately five Italian divisions set up defensively in a series of armed camps after advancing about 95 km (59 mi) to Sidi Barrani. The Italians never approach the main British positions at Mersa Matruh.

1940 年 9 月 16 日 - 大约 5 个意大利师在向西迪巴拉尼推进约 95 公里（59 英里）后，在一系列武装营地中进行防御，意大利对埃及的入侵停止。意大利人从未接近马特鲁港的英军主要阵地。

16 September 1940 - Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 introduces the first peacetime conscription (this time for men between 21 and 35) in United States history.

1940 年 9 月 16 日 - 《1940 年选择性训练和服役法》引入了美国历史上第一次和平时期征兵（这次是针对 21 岁至 35 岁的男性）。

22 September 1940 - The Japanese occupy French Indochina; local French administrators become only figurehead authorities.

1940 年 9 月 22 日 - 日本占领法属印度支那；法国地方行政人员只是名义上的权威。

22 September 1940 - Heavy convoy losses to U-boats in the Atlantic.

1940 年 9 月 22 日 - 护航队在大西洋被 U 型潜艇严重损失。

24 September 1940 - Berlin suffers a large bombing raid by the RAF.

1940 年 9 月 24 日 - 柏林遭受英国皇家空军的大规模轰炸。

24 September 1940 - In response to Dakar, the Vichy French Air Force bombs Gibraltar for the first time since 18 July.

1940 年 9 月 24 日 - 作为对达喀尔的回应，维希法国空军自 7 月 18 日以来首次轰炸直布罗陀。

25 September 1940 - Japanese 5th Division march into Hanoi, French Indochina.

1940 年 9 月 25 日 - 日本第 5 师团进军法属印度支那河内。

25 September 1940 - Vichy French aircraft return to Gibraltar for a second day of bombings.

1940 年 9 月 25 日 - 维希法国飞机返回直布罗陀进行第二天的轰炸。

12 October 1940 - The Royal Navy clash with and defeat several Italian ships which attacked them after a convoy mission to Malta.

1940 年 10 月 12 日 - 皇家海军在前往马耳他执行护航任务后与几艘意大利船只发生冲突并击败了这些船只。

12 October 1940 - Any German invasion of Britain is postponed until spring 1941 at the earliest.

1940 年 10 月 12 日 - 德国对英国的任何入侵最早都会推迟到 1941 年春季。

15 October 1940 - Mussolini and his closest advisers decide to invade Greece.

1940 年 10 月 15 日 - 墨索里尼和他最亲密的顾问决定入侵希腊。

15 October 1940 - Clarence Addison Dykstra becomes Director of Selective Service in the United States.

1940 年 10 月 15 日 - 克拉伦斯·艾迪生·戴克斯特拉 (Clarence Addison Dykstra) 就任美国义务兵役局长。

24 October 1940 - After meeting with Franco, Hitler goes to Montoire where a meeting with Philippe Pétain took place signifying the start of organised French collaboration with the Nazi regime.

1940 年 10 月 24 日 - 与佛朗哥会面后，希特勒前往蒙图瓦，在那里与菲利普·贝当会面，标志着法国与纳粹政权有组织的合作的开始。

24 October 1940 - The Italian Air Corps sees its first action during the Battle of Britain.

1940 年 10 月 24 日 - 意大利空军在不列颠之战中首次参加战斗。

29 October 1940 - Very heavy convoy losses during this period as numbers of U-boats increase.

1940 年 10 月 29 日 - 在此期间，随着潜艇数量的增加，护航船队损失惨重。

29 October 1940 - The first number drawings for US Selective Service Act draftees.

1940 年 10 月 29 日 - 第一张为《美国兵役法》应征入伍者绘制的编号图。

5 November 1940 - HMS Jervis Bay, a merchant cruiser, is sunk on convoy duty, but much of the convoy escapes. The loss becomes a media event.

1940 年 11 月 5 日 - 商船巡洋舰杰维斯湾号 (HMS Jervis Bay) 在执行护航任务时被击沉，但大部分护航船队逃脱了。损失成为媒体事件。

5 November 1940 - President Roosevelt wins a third term. The British see the event as promising of more help from the US.

1940 年 11 月 5 日——罗斯福总统赢得第三个任期。英国人认为这次活动有望获得美国的更多帮助。

12 November 1940 - Molotov meets Hitler and Ribbentrop in Berlin. New World order is under discussion. Molotov expresses Soviet interest in Finland, Bulgaria, Romania, Dardanelles and Bosporus, but Hitler talks along broad lines about worldwide spheres of influence between Russia, Germany, Italy and Japan.

1940 年 11 月 12 日 - 莫洛托夫在柏林会见希特勒和里宾特洛甫。新世界秩序正在讨论中。莫洛托夫表达了苏联对芬兰、保加利亚、罗马尼亚、达达尼尔海峡和博斯普鲁斯海峡的兴趣，但希特勒则大体谈论了俄罗斯、德国、意大利和日本之间的全球势力范围。

12 November 1940 - In the Battle of Gabon, British forces finish wresting central Africa from the Vichy French.

1940 年 11 月 12 日 - 在加蓬战役中，英国军队从维希法国手中夺取了中非。

13 November 1940 - Molotov meets Hitler again asking acceptance to liquidate Finland. Hitler now resists every attempt to expand Soviet influence in Europe. He sees Britain as defeated and offers India to the Soviet Union.

1940 年 11 月 13 日 - 莫洛托夫再次会见希特勒，要求接受清算芬兰。希特勒现在抵制一切扩大苏联在欧洲影响力的企图。他认为英国战败，并将印度交给苏联。

13 November 1940 - The Battle of Pindus ends in a Greek victory.

1940 年 11 月 13 日 - 品都斯战役以希腊胜利而结束。

14 November 1940 - A heavy night raid on Coventry. Coventry Cathedral is destroyed and the medieval centre of the city is levelled.

1940 年 11 月 14 日 - 对考文垂进行猛烈的夜袭。考文垂大教堂被毁，中世纪的城市中心被夷为平地。

14 November 1940 - The Greek counter-offensive against the Italians begins.

1940 年 11 月 14 日 - 希腊对意大利的反攻开始。

16 December 1940 - The first RAF night raid--on Mannheim, Germany.

1940 年 12 月 16 日 - 英国皇家空军第一次夜间突袭——袭击德国曼海姆。

16 December 1940 - In North Africa, the British are in command at Sollum in Egypt and take Fort Capuzzo in Libya.

1940 年 12 月 16 日 - 在北非，英国人在埃及的索勒姆指挥并占领了利比亚的卡普佐堡。

28 December 1940 - The Greco-Italian War continues to go badly for the Italians and the Greeks hold roughly one-quarter of Albania.

1940 年 12 月 28 日 - 希意战争对意大利人来说继续不利，希腊人占据了阿尔巴尼亚大约四分之一的领土。

28 December 1940 - Italy requests military assistance from Germany against the Greeks.

1940 年 12 月 28 日 - 意大利请求德国对希腊提供军事援助。

1941 in brief - Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa on 22 June - the largest invasion in history - while the blockade of Leningrad and the drive toward Moscow began. Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December and swept across the Pacific, turning the European war into a truly global one.

1941 年简述 - 希特勒于 6 月 22 日发起巴巴罗萨行动 - 历史上最大规模的入侵 - 同时封锁列宁格勒并开始向莫斯科进军。日本于 12 月 7 日偷袭珍珠港，横扫太平洋，将欧洲战争变成了一场真正的全球战争。

1 January 1941 - Accounting of the next night's bombing of London reveals that the Old Bailey, the Guildhall, and eight churches by Christopher Wren were destroyed or badly damaged.

1941 年 1 月 1 日 - 对第二天晚上对伦敦的轰炸的统计显示，老贝利、市政厅和克里斯托弗·雷恩 (Christopher Wren) 设计的八座教堂被摧毁或严重损坏。

5 January 1941 - Operation Compass: Australian troops of XIII Corps (the re-designated Western Desert Force) capture Italian-held Bardia and 45,000 Italian prisoners are taken. Tobruk, the next target, is 70 miles away.

1941 年 1 月 5 日 - 指南针行动：第十三军团的澳大利亚军队（重新指定的西部沙漠部队）占领了意大利控制的巴迪亚，并俘虏了 45,000 名意大利战俘。下一个目标托布鲁克距离我们 70 英里。

5 January 1941 - The leader of Wallonia 's fascist party, Léon Degrelle, gives a speech in the German-occupied city of Liège announcing the support of the Rexist Party for German Nazism.

1941 年 1 月 5 日 - 瓦隆法西斯党领袖莱昂·德格雷勒在德占城市列日发表讲话，宣布现存党支持德国纳粹主义。

10 January 1941 - Greek forces in Albania take the strategically important Klissoura pass.

1941 年 1 月 10 日 - 驻阿尔巴尼亚的希腊军队占领了具有重要战略意义的克利苏拉山口。

10 January 1941 - German aircraft damage aircraft carrier HMS Illustrious, which is heading for Malta. The German Luftwaffe, it is now clear, has command of air over the Mediterranean. The attack is also the opening of Malta's agony over the next months.

1941 年 1 月 10 日 - 德国飞机击伤了前往马耳他的英国皇家海军光辉号航空母舰。现在很清楚，德国空军拥有地中海上空的制空权。这次袭击也是马耳他未来几个月痛苦的开始。

10 January 1941 - German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement is signed.

1941 年 1 月 10 日 - 德苏边界和商业协定签署。

16 January 1941 - German bombers pound Valletta, Malta, and HMS Illustrious is hit again.

1941 年 1 月 16 日 - 德国轰炸机轰炸马耳他瓦莱塔，英国皇家海军光辉号再次被击中。

16 January 1941 - British forces start the first attacks of their East African counter-offensive, on Italian-held Ethiopia, from Kenya.

1941 年 1 月 16 日 - 英国军队从肯尼亚开始对意大利控制的埃塞俄比亚进行东非反攻的第一次进攻。

17 January 1941 - Molotov meets German Ambassador Schulenburg in Moscow. The Soviets are surprised that they have not received any answer from Germany to their offer to join the Axis (November 26, 1940). Schulenburg replies that it has to be first discussed with Italy and Japan.

1941 年 1 月 17 日 - 莫洛托夫在莫斯科会见德国大使舒伦堡。苏联人感到惊讶的是，他们没有收到德国对他们加入轴心国的提议的任何答复（1940 年 11 月 26 日）。舒伦堡回答说，这必须首先与意大利和日本讨论。

17 January 1941 - The Battle of Ko Chang ended in a decisive victory for the Vichy French naval forces during the Franco-Thai War.

1941 年 1 月 17 日 - 法泰战争期间，维希法国海军在象岛战役中取得决定性胜利。

19 January 1941 - Hitler and Mussolini meet at Berchtesgaden; Hitler agrees to provide aid in North Africa.

1941 年 1 月 19 日 - 希特勒和墨索里尼在贝希特斯加登会面；希特勒同意向北非提供援助。

19 January 1941 - The 4th and 5th Indian Divisions continue the British counter-offensive in East Africa, attacking Italian-held Eritrea from the Sudan.

1941 年 1 月 19 日 - 印度第 4 师和第 5 师继续英国在东非的反攻，从苏丹攻击意大利控制的厄立特里亚。

21 January 1941 - Operation Compass: British and Australian troops of XIII Corps complete capture of Italian-held Tobruk.

1941 年 1 月 21 日 - 指南针行动：第十三军的英国和澳大利亚军队完全占领了意大利控制的托布鲁克。

21 January 1941 - There are reports that Romanian Fascist (" Iron Guards ") are executing Jews in Bucharest.

1941 年 1 月 21 日 - 有报道称罗马尼亚法西斯分子（“铁卫队”）正在布加勒斯特处决犹太人。

23 January 1941 - HMS Illustrious, heavily damaged, leaves Malta for repairs in Alexandria.

1941 年 1 月 23 日 - 英国皇家海军光辉号严重受损，离开马耳他前往亚历山大进行维修。

23 January 1941 - Charles Lindbergh testifies before the U.S. Congress and recommends that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with Adolf Hitler.

1941 年 1 月 23 日 - 查尔斯·林德伯格在美国国会作证，建议美国与阿道夫·希特勒谈判一项中立条约。

3 February 1941 - Lieutenant-General Erwin Rommel is appointed head of "German Army troops in Africa." This unit is later to be officially designated as the " Afrika Korps ".

1941 年 2 月 3 日 - 埃尔文·隆美尔中将被任命为“德国驻非洲陆军部队”的负责人。该部队后来被正式命名为“非洲军团”。

3 February 1941 - Germany forcibly restores Pierre Laval to office in Vichy.

1941 年 2 月 3 日 - 德国强行恢复皮埃尔·拉瓦尔在维希的职务。

9 February 1941 - Mussolini is informed that German reinforcements are on the way to North Africa.

1941 年 2 月 9 日 - 墨索里尼获悉德国增援部队正在前往北非。

9 February 1941 - British battleships shell Genoa and British aircraft attack Livorno.

1941 年 2 月 9 日 - 英国战列舰炮击热那亚，英国飞机攻击利沃诺。

9 February 1941 - Churchill again pleads with the US: "give us the tools."

1941 年 2 月 9 日 - 丘吉尔再次恳求美国：“给我们工具。”

9 February 1941 - British forces reach El Agheila, Cyrenaica.

1941 年 2 月 9 日 - 英国军队抵达昔兰尼加的埃尔阿格海拉。

11 February 1941 - Elements of the Afrika Korps start to arrive in Tripoli, Tripolitania.

1941 年 2 月 11 日 - 非洲军团的部队开始抵达的黎波里塔尼亚的黎波里。

11 February 1941 - British forces enter Italian Somaliland.

1941 年 2 月 11 日 - 英国军队进入意属索马里兰。

14 February 1941 - Afrika Korps starts to move eastward towards the advance British positions at El Agheila. The British in North Africa have been weakened by the transfer of some troops to Greece.

1941 年 2 月 14 日 - 非洲军团开始向东向位于阿格海拉的英军前沿阵地移动。英国在北非的力量因向希腊调动部分军队而受到削弱。

14 February 1941 - Rommel arrives in Tripoli.

1941 年 2 月 14 日 - 隆美尔抵达的黎波里。

24 February 1941 - Admiral Darlan is appointed the head of the Vichy government in France.

1941 年 2 月 24 日 - 达尔朗海军上将被任命为法国维希政府首脑。

24 February 1941 - German U-boat offensive in the Atlantic is now increasingly successful.

1941 年 2 月 24 日 - 德国潜艇在大西洋的攻势日益成功。

25 February 1941 - Mogadishu, the capital of Italian Somaliland, is captured by British forces during the East African Campaign.

1941 年 2 月 25 日 - 东非战役期间，英军占领意属索马里兰首都摩加迪沙。

25 February 1941 - The British submarine HMS Upright sinks the Italian cruiser Armando Diaz in one of the numerous sea battles in the North African campaign.

1941 年 2 月 25 日 - 英国潜艇 HMS Upright 在北非战役中的众多海战之一中击沉了意大利巡洋舰阿曼多迪亚兹号。

1 March 1941 - Bulgaria officially signs the Tripartite Pact.

1941 年 3 月 1 日 - 保加利亚正式签署三方条约。

1 March 1941 - Hitler gives orders for the expansion of Auschwitz prison camp, to be run by Commandant Rudolf Höss.

1941 年 3 月 1 日 - 希特勒下令扩建奥斯威辛集中营，由指挥官鲁道夫·霍斯负责管理。

4 March 1941 - British commandos carry out an attack on oil facilities at Narvik in Norway.

1941 年 3 月 4 日 - 英国突击队对挪威纳尔维克的石油设施发动袭击。

4 March 1941 - Prince Regent Paul of Yugoslavia agrees to join the Axis pact.

1941 年 3 月 4 日 - 南斯拉夫摄政王保罗同意加入轴心国条约。

4 March 1941 - British military force in Libya is thinned down as some men are sent to assist the Greeks in their emerging battle with approaching German troops.

1941 年 3 月 4 日 - 英国在利比亚的军事力量被削弱，一些人被派去协助希腊人与逼近的德国军队展开战斗。

10 March 1941 - Portsmouth suffers heavy casualties after another night of heavy bombing by the Luftwaffe.

1941 年 3 月 10 日 - 朴茨茅斯在德国空军又一晚的猛烈轰炸后遭受重大伤亡。

10 March 1941 - British and Italian troops meet in a brief conflict in Eritrea.

1941 年 3 月 10 日 - 英国和意大利军队在厄立特里亚发生短暂冲突。

17 March 1941 - The United States of America converts its Corps Areas to Defense Commands, with the term Corps reassigned as an intermediate field command of a Field Army.

1941 年 3 月 17 日 - 美利坚合众国将其军区转变为防御司令部，“军”一词被重新指定为野战军的中间战地司令部。

17 March 1941 - Huge convoy losses in mid-Atlantic this week.

1941 年 3 月 17 日 - 本周在大西洋中部发生了巨大的船队损失。

27 March 1941 - Battle of Cape Matapan: the British navy meets an Italian fleet off southern Greece. The battle continues until the 29th.

1941 年 3 月 27 日 - 马塔潘角海战：英国海军在希腊南部海域与意大利舰队相遇。战斗持续到29日。

27 March 1941 - Crown Prince Peter becomes Peter II of Yugoslavia and takes control of Yugoslavia after an army coup overthrows the pro-German government of the Prince Regent.

1941 年 3 月 27 日 - 彼得王储成为南斯拉夫彼得二世，并在军事政变推翻摄政王亲德政府后控制了南斯拉夫。

27 March 1941 - British forces advancing from the Sudan win the decisive Battle of Keren in Eritrea.

1941 年 3 月 27 日 - 从苏丹推进的英国军队在厄立特里亚的克伦战役中获胜。

27 March 1941 - Hitler orders his military leaders to plan for the invasion of Yugoslavia.

1941 年 3 月 27 日 - 希特勒命令他的军事领导人计划入侵南斯拉夫。

27 March 1941 - Japanese spy Takeo Yoshikawa arrives in Honolulu, Hawaii and begins to study the United States fleet at Pearl Harbor.

1941 年 3 月 27 日 - 日本间谍吉川武夫抵达夏威夷檀香山，开始研究珍珠港的美国舰队。

1 April 1941 - In Iraq, pro- German Rashid Ali and other members of the " Golden Square " stage a military coup d'état and overthrow the regime of the pro-British Regent 'Abd al-Ilah. Rashid Ali names himself Chief of a "National Defence Government".

1941年4月1日——在伊拉克，亲德的拉希德·阿里和“黄金广场”的其他成员发动军事政变，推翻了亲英摄政王阿卜杜勒·伊拉的政权。拉希德·阿里自称为“国防政府”首脑。

1 April 1941 - British retreat after the losses at El Agheila, Libya. Rommel is surprised, then decides to continue his offensive.

1941 年 4 月 1 日 - 英国在利比亚阿格海拉失利后撤退。隆美尔感到惊讶，然后决定继续进攻。

6 April 1941 - The northern wing of Rommel's forces take Derna, on the Libyan coast. The southern wing moves toward Mechili, and takes it on the 8th.

1941 年 4 月 6 日 - 隆美尔部队的北翼占领了利比亚海岸的德尔纳。南翼向梅奇里移动，并在 8 号占领了它。

6 April 1941 - Forces of Germany, Italy, and Hungary, moving through Romania and Hungary, initiate the invasions of Yugoslavia and Greece.

1941 年 4 月 6 日 - 德国、意大利和匈牙利军队穿过罗马尼亚和匈牙利，发起对南斯拉夫和希腊的入侵。

10 April 1941 - Greenland is occupied by the United States. With the approval of a "free Denmark", the US will build naval and air bases as counters to the U-boat war.

1941 年 4 月 10 日 - 格陵兰岛被美国占领。随着“自由丹麦”的批准，美国将建立海军和空军基地，以对抗潜艇战争。

10 April 1941 - The destroyer USS Niblack attacks a German U-boat that had just sunk a Dutch freighter. The Niblack was picking up survivors of the freighter when it detected the U-boat preparing to attack. The Niblack attacked with depth charges and drove off the U-boat.

1941 年 4 月 10 日 - 驱逐舰尼布莱克号攻击了一艘刚刚击沉一艘荷兰货轮的德国潜艇。尼布莱克号正在营救货轮的幸存者时，发现了准备攻击的潜艇。尼布莱克号用深水炸弹发起攻击并击退了潜艇。

10 April 1941 - While still being invaded, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia is split up by Germany and Italy. The Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH) is established under Ante Pavelić and his Ustaša.

1941 年 4 月 10 日 - 南斯拉夫王国仍在遭受入侵的同时，已被德国和意大利瓜分。克罗地亚独立国（Nezavisna Država Hrvatska，NDH）在安特·帕维利奇（Ante Pavelić）和他的乌斯塔沙（Ustaša）的领导下建立。

10 April 1941 - Germans encircle the port of Tobruk, Libya, opening the siege; some of Rommel's forces move east to take Fort Capuzzo and Sollum, on the border with Egypt.

1941 年 4 月 10 日 - 德国人包围利比亚托布鲁克港，开始围困；隆美尔的部分部队向东移动，占领了与埃及接壤的卡普佐堡和索勒姆。

13 April 1941 - Malta is bombed again; it continues to be a thorn in the side of German supply movements in the Mediterranean.

1941 年 4 月 13 日 - 马耳他再次遭到轰炸；它仍然是德国在地中海供应活动的眼中钉。

14 April 1941 - Rommel attacks Tobruk, but is forced to turn back. Other attacks, also failures, occur on the 16th and 30th.

1941 年 4 月 14 日 - 隆美尔攻击托布鲁克，但被迫撤退。其他攻击（也有失败）发生在 16 日和 30 日。

14 April 1941 - Antwerp pogrom: A collaborationist mob attacks two Jewish synagogues in Antwerp in German-occupied Belgium.

1941 年 4 月 14 日 - 安特卫普大屠杀：一群通敌暴徒袭击了德占比利时安特卫普的两座犹太教堂。

14 April 1941 - The German LSSAH Panzer division captures the strategic Kleisoura Pass and begins cutting the line of retreat for the Greek army in Albania.

1941 年 4 月 14 日 - 德国 LSSAH 装甲师占领了具有战略意义的克莱苏拉山口，并开始切断希腊军队在阿尔巴尼亚的撤退路线。

16 April 1941 - Germans continue the invasion southward into Yugoslavia; they cut off the Greek army in Albania, which had had notable success against the Italians in January.

1941 年 4 月 16 日 - 德国人继续向南入侵南斯拉夫；他们切断了阿尔巴尼亚的希腊军队，阿尔巴尼亚在一月份对抗意大利方面取得了显着的胜利。

18 April 1941 - Greek Prime Minister Alexandros Koryzis commits suicide; the British plan the major evacuation of Greece.

1941 年 4 月 18 日 - 希腊总理亚历山德罗斯·科里齐斯自杀；英国计划大规模撤离希腊。

25 April 1941 - Axis forces defeat Commonwealth forces at Thermopylae after Australian general George Vasey staunchly claims that they will not be beaten.

1941 年 4 月 25 日 - 在澳大利亚将军乔治·瓦西 (George Vasey) 坚定声称他们不会被击败后，轴心国军队在温泉关击败了英联邦军队。

30 April 1941 - In Iraq, Iraqi armed forces occupy the plateau to the south of the RAF Habbaniya air base and inform the base commander that all flying should cease immediately.

1941 年 4 月 30 日 - 在伊拉克，伊拉克武装部队占领了英国皇家空军哈巴尼亚空军基地以南的高原，并通知基地指挥官立即停止所有飞行。

6 May 1941 - With much of the Iraqi air force destroyed and facing regular bombardment themselves, the Iraqi ground forces besieging RAF Habbaniya withdraw.

1941 年 5 月 6 日 - 由于大部分伊拉克空军被摧毁并面临定期轰炸，围困哈巴尼亚皇家空军的伊拉克地面部队撤退。

8 May 1941 - Heavy convoy losses in the Atlantic continue; however, one U-boat (U-110) is captured by the British navy and another copy of the "Enigma" machine is discovered and saved. It will help to turn the fortunes in the Atlantic battle.

1941 年 5 月 8 日 - 大西洋上的护航队继续遭受严重损失；然而，一艘潜艇（U-110）被英国海军俘获，另一台“恩尼格玛”机器的复制品被发现并被保存。这将有助于扭转大西洋战役的命运。

10 May 1941 - The " Strike of the 100,000 " begins in Liège in Belgium on the anniversary of the German invasion of 1940. It soon spreads across the whole province until nearly 70,000 workers are on strike.

1941 年 5 月 10 日 - 1940 年德国入侵周年纪念日，“十万人罢工”在比利时列日爆发。罢工很快蔓延到全省，直至近 7 万名工人举行罢工。

10 May 1941 - Rudolf Hess is captured in Scotland after bailing out of his plane; his self-appointed mission was to make peace with the United Kingdom.

1941 年 5 月 10 日 - 鲁道夫·赫斯 (Rudolf Hess) 从飞机上跳伞后在苏格兰被捕；他自封的使命是与英国实现和平。

10 May 1941 - The United Kingdom's House of Commons is damaged by the Luftwaffe in an air raid. Other targets are Hull, Liverpool, Belfast, and the shipbuilding area of the River Clyde in Scotland. This is close to the end of the Blitz, as Germany shifts its focus toward Soviet Union and the East.

1941 年 5 月 10 日 - 英国下议院在一次空袭中被德国空军摧毁。其他目标包括赫尔、利物浦、贝尔法斯特和苏格兰克莱德河造船区。随着德国将重点转向苏联和东方，闪电战已接近尾声。

13 May 1941 - Yugoslav Army Colonel Draža Mihailović summons up the " Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland " which mostly consists of Serbs, but also includes Slovenes, Bosnians, and Croats. Mihailović treks from Bosnia to Ravna Gora in central Serbia, and issues an uprising call promising a struggle against the occupiers and the restoration of the Yugoslavian monarchy. At this point, Josip Broz Tito and the Yugoslav Partisans are a...

1941 年 5 月 13 日 - 南斯拉夫陆军上校德拉扎·米哈伊洛维奇召集了“祖国的南斯拉夫陆军”，该部队主要由塞尔维亚人组成，但也包括斯洛文尼亚人、波斯尼亚人和克罗地亚人。米哈伊洛维奇从波斯尼亚长途跋涉到塞尔维亚中部的拉夫纳戈拉，并发出起义号召，承诺反抗占领者并恢复南斯拉夫君主制。在这一点上，约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托和南斯拉夫游击队是......

13 May 1941 - The bulk of the German " Flyer Command Iraq " (Fliegerführer Irak) arrives in Mosul to support the Iraqi government of Rashid Ali.

1941 年 5 月 13 日 - 德国“伊拉克飞行司令部”（Fliegerführer Irak）的主力抵达摩苏尔，支持拉希德·阿里的伊拉克政府。

20 May 1941 - The German military mission to Iraq, Special Staff F (Sonderstab F), is created to support of "The Arab Freedom Movement in the Middle East". Sonderstab F is to include Fliegerführer Irak and other elements already in Iraq.

1941 年 5 月 20 日 - 德国驻伊拉克军事特派团 F 特别参谋部 (Sonderstab F) 成立，以支持“中东阿拉伯自由运动”。 Sonderstab F 将包括伊拉克飞行大队长和已在伊拉克的其他人员。

21 May 1941 - The Italian Viceroy in Ethiopia surrenders. Remnants of Italian troops keep on fighting.

1941 年 5 月 21 日 - 意大利驻埃塞俄比亚总督投降。意大利残军仍在继续战斗。

21 May 1941 - The US merchantman SS Robin Moor is sunk by German submarine U-69. The incident startles the nation, and President Roosevelt shortly announces an "unlimited national emergency".

1941 年 5 月 21 日 - 美国商船 SS Robin Moor 被德国潜艇 U-69 击沉。这一事件震惊了全国，罗斯福总统很快宣布“无限的国家紧急状态”。

23 May 1941 - A major outbreak of anti-Jewish rioting breaks out in Gabès in the Vichy-held Tunisia sparked by news of the defeat of the Arab uprising in Iraq. It lasts for three days.

1941 年 5 月 23 日 - 伊拉克阿拉伯起义失败的消息引发维希控制的突尼斯加贝斯爆发大规模反犹太骚乱。持续三天。

23 May 1941 - German dictator Adolf Hitler issues " Führer Directive No. 30 " in support of "The Arab Freedom Movement in the Middle East", his "natural ally against England".

1941 年 5 月 23 日 - 德国独裁者阿道夫·希特勒发布“第 30 号元首指令”，支持他的“反对英国的天然盟友”“中东阿拉伯自由运动”。

24 May 1941 - British battlecruiser HMS Hood is sunk by a powerful salvo from German battleship Bismarck in the North Atlantic.

1941 年 5 月 24 日 - 英国战列巡洋舰胡德号在北大西洋被德国战列舰俾斯麦号的猛烈齐射击沉。

27 May 1941 - The British forces from the Habbaniya area begin an advance on Baghdad and, within four days, approach the city from the west and from the north.

1941 年 5 月 27 日 - 来自哈巴尼亚地区的英军开始向巴格达挺进，并在四天内从西部和北部逼近该城。

27 May 1941 - The German battleship Bismarck is sunk in the North Atlantic by the Royal Navy, after evasive tactics, and a damaged steering system which forced it into an endless series of circular movements.

1941 年 5 月 27 日 - 德国战列舰俾斯麦号在北大西洋被英国皇家海军击沉，该舰在采取规避策略后，由于转向系统损坏，迫使其进行一系列无休止的圆周运动。

31 May 1941 - The Mayor of Baghdad surrenders the city to British forces and ends the Anglo-Iraqi War.

1941 年 5 月 31 日 - 巴格达市长向英国军队投降，结束了英伊战争。

1 June 1941 - Commonwealth forces complete the withdrawal from Crete.

1941 年 6 月 1 日 - 英联邦军队完成从克里特岛的撤军。

1 June 1941 - Rationing of clothes begins in the United Kingdom.

1941 年 6 月 1 日 - 英国开始实行服装配给制。

9 June 1941 - Finland initiates mobilisation, preparations against possible attack of Soviet aggressor.

1941 年 6 月 9 日 - 芬兰开始动员，准备抵御苏联侵略者的可能袭击。

9 June 1941 - The British and Australians cross the Litani River, beating back Vichy French forces. During this battle, Moshe Dayan, leading an Australian unit, loses his eye. He becomes famous when his story is published a day later.

1941 年 6 月 9 日 - 英国和澳大利亚军队渡过利塔尼河，击退了维希法国军队。在这场战斗中，领导澳大利亚部队的摩西·达扬失去了一只眼睛。一天后他的故事发表后，他就出名了。

13 June 1941 - The Australians continue to fight through the Vichy French defenses and advance towards Beirut, winning the Battle of Jezzine.

1941 年 6 月 13 日 - 澳大利亚人继续突破维希法国的防御并向贝鲁特挺进，赢得了杰津战役。

13 June 1941 - Soviets begin deporting Lithuanians to Siberia. Deportations continue for five days and total 35,000 Lithuanians, among them 7000 Jews.

1941 年 6 月 13 日 - 苏联开始将立陶宛人驱逐到西伯利亚。驱逐行动持续了五天，总共驱逐了 35,000 名立陶宛人，其中包括 7000 名犹太人。

14 June 1941 - All German and Italian assets in the United States are frozen.

1941 年 6 月 14 日 - 德国和意大利在美国的所有资产均被冻结。

14 June 1941 - 10,100 people from Estonia, 15,000 from Latvia and 34,000 (or 35,000, starting a day earlier) from Lithuania are deported to Siberia by the Soviet Union.

1941 年 6 月 14 日 - 10,100 名爱沙尼亚人、15,000 名拉脱维亚人和 34,000 名立陶宛人（或 35,000 名立陶宛人）被苏联驱逐到西伯利亚。

22 June 1941 - June Uprising against the Soviet Union in Lithuania.

1941 年 6 月 22 日 - 立陶宛爆发反对苏联的六月起义。

22 June 1941 - British general in Libya/Egypt Wavell is replaced by General Auchinleck.

1941 年 6 月 22 日 - 奥金莱克将军取代了驻利比亚/埃及的英国将军韦维尔。

22 June 1941 - Germany invades the Soviet Union with Operation Barbarossa, a three-pronged operation aimed at Leningrad, Moscow, and the southern oil fields of the Caucasus, ending the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Romania invades south-western border areas of the Soviet Union in Europe on the side of Germany.

1941 年 6 月 22 日 - 德国通过巴巴罗萨行动入侵苏联，这是一项针对列宁格勒、莫斯科和高加索南部油田的三管齐下的行动，结束了《莫洛托夫-里宾特洛甫条约》。罗马尼亚在德国一边入侵欧洲苏联西南边境地区。

23 June 1941 - In the late evening, Hitler first arrives at his headquarters at Rastenburg, East Prussia, codenamed " Wolf's Lair " (Wolfsschanze). Between this date and November 20, 1944, Hitler will have spent 800 days at Wolf's Lair.

1941 年 6 月 23 日 - 深夜，希特勒首先抵达东普鲁士拉斯滕堡的总部，代号为“狼穴”（Wolfsschanze）。从这一天到 1944 年 11 月 20 日，希特勒将在狼穴中度过 800 天。

28 June 1941 - Italian-occupied Albania declares war on the Soviet Union.

1941 年 6 月 28 日 - 意大利占领的阿尔巴尼亚向苏联宣战。

28 June 1941 - Huge German encirclement of 300,000 Red Army troops near Minsk and Białystok.

1941 年 6 月 28 日 - 德军在明斯克和比亚韦斯托克附近对 300,000 名红军进行大规模包围。

29 June 1941 - Finnish and German troops begin Operation Arctic Fox against the Soviet Union.

1941 年 6 月 29 日 - 芬兰和德国军队开始针对苏联的北极狐行动。

29 June 1941 - Nuremberg Laws imposed on Jews of Lithuania and Vilnius in particular.

1941 年 6 月 29 日 - 纽伦堡法律特别针对立陶宛和维尔纽斯的犹太人。

2 July 1941 - Ponary massacre killings begin, with the shooting of Soviet POWs captured during Operation Barbarossa, which began two weeks earlier, and with the deportation of hundreds of Jews from Vilnius to Soviet dug fuel tank pits near the Ponariai suburb of Vilnius, where they are shot or buried alive. The mass deportations and shooting of Jews continued until 1943.

1941 年 7 月 2 日 - 波纳里大屠杀开始，两周前开始的巴巴罗萨行动中俘获的苏联战俘被枪杀，数百名犹太人从维尔纽斯被驱逐到维尔纽斯郊区波纳里亚伊附近的苏联挖的油箱坑，在那里他们被枪杀或活埋。对犹太人的大规模驱逐和枪杀一直持续到 1943 年。

3 July 1941 - Estonian Forest Brothers start offensives against the Red Army in Southern Estonia, several days before the arrival of German forces. This marks the beginning of the Summer War in Estonia.

1941 年 7 月 3 日 - 在德国军队抵达前几天，爱沙尼亚森林兄弟在爱沙尼亚南部开始对红军发起进攻。这标志着爱沙尼亚夏季战争的开始。

3 July 1941 - The United States of America elevates its General Headquarters, United States Army in order to command and plan for military operations within the Zone of the Interior.

1941 年 7 月 3 日 - 美利坚合众国设立美国陆军总部，以便指挥和规划内陆地区的军事行动。

8 July 1941 - Britain and the USSR sign a mutual defence agreement, promising not to sign any form of separate peace agreement with Germany.

1941 年 7 月 8 日 - 英国和苏联签署共同防御协议，承诺不与德国签署任何形式的单独和平协议。

8 July 1941 - Yugoslavia, a country formed by the Versailles treaty, is dissolved by the Axis into its component parts; especially important will be Croatia, with a pro-Axis government.

1941 年 7 月 8 日 - 南斯拉夫，一个根据《凡尔赛条约》成立的国家，被轴心国解体为各个组成部分；尤其重要的是拥有亲轴心国政府的克罗地亚。

10 July 1941 - Units of the Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia begin to arrive. A legion from the Independent State of Croatia is part of the Italian corps.

1941 年 7 月 10 日 - 驻俄罗斯的意大利远征军部队开始抵达。来自克罗地亚独立国的一个军团是意大利军团的一部分。

10 July 1941 - The occupation of Latvia starts officially. Guderian's Panzers take Minsk; the Germans advance farther into Ukraine.

1941 年 7 月 10 日 - 拉脱维亚正式被占领。古德里安的装甲部队占领明斯克；德国人进一步深入乌克兰。

10 July 1941 - The Red Army takes up positions on the Emajõgi River line, allowing Estonian Forest Brothers to take control over Southeastern Estonia, including in most of Tartu, where the NKVD executes 193 prisoners and the Red Army blows up the historical Stone Bridge. German forces arrive at the new line on 12 July and the river will remain the front for several weeks.

1941 年 7 月 10 日 - 红军在埃马约吉河沿岸占据阵地，使爱沙尼亚森林兄弟得以控制爱沙尼亚东南部，包括塔尔图大部分地区，内务人民委员部在那里处决了 193 名囚犯，红军炸毁了历史悠久的石桥。德军于 7 月 12 日抵达新防线，这条河将在数周内保持前线地位。

15 July 1941 - Argentia naval air base is set up in Newfoundland; it will prove an important transfer station for the Allies for some years.

1941 年 7 月 15 日 - 阿根廷海军空军基地在纽芬兰建立；未来几年，它将成为盟军的重要中转站。

26 July 1941 - In response to the Japanese occupation of French Indochina, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the seizure of all Japanese assets in the United States.

1941 年 7 月 26 日 - 作为对日本占领法属印度支那的回应，美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福下令扣押日本在美国的所有资产。

28 July 1941 - Japanese yen became valueless and Japanese dollar bonds reduced in value to 20 to 30% of their par value on Wall Street.

1941 年 7 月 28 日 - 日元变得一文不值，华尔街的日元债券价值降至面值的 20% 至 30%。

28 July 1941 - Japanese troops occupy southern French Indochina. The Vichy French colonial government is allowed by the Japanese to continue to administer Vietnam. French repression continues. The Vichy French also agree to the occupation by the Japanese of bases in Indochina.

1941 年 7 月 28 日 - 日本军队占领法属印度支那南部。日本允许维希法国殖民政府继续管理越南。法国的镇压仍在继续。维希法国也同意日本占领印度支那的基地。

28 July 1941 - The Germans push against Smolensk, and in the meantime solidify their presence in the Baltic states; native Jewish populations of the Baltic states are being exterminated.

1941 年 7 月 28 日 - 德国人向斯摩棱斯克发起进攻，同时巩固了他们在波罗的海国家的存在；波罗的海国家的本土犹太人正在被消灭。

31 July 1941 - Lewis B. Hershey succeeds Clarence Dykstra as Director of the Selective Service System in the United States.

1941 年 7 月 31 日 - 刘易斯·B·赫尔希 (Lewis B. Hershey) 接替克拉伦斯·戴克斯特拉 (Clarence Dykstra) 担任美国义务兵役系统主任。

31 July 1941 - Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring, orders SS general Reinhard Heydrich to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired final solution of the Jewish question."

1941 年 7 月 31 日 - 根据阿道夫·希特勒的指示，纳粹官员赫尔曼·戈林命令党卫军将军莱因哈德·海德里希“尽快向我提交一份关于实现犹太问题最终解决所需的行政物资和财务措施的总体计划”。

31 July 1941 - The Japanese naval ministry accuses the United States of intruding into their territorial waters at Sukumo Bay, and then fleeing. No evidence is offered to prove this allegation.

1941 年 7 月 31 日 - 日本海军省指责美国侵入其宿毛湾领海，然后逃离。没有提供任何证据来证明这一指控。

1 August 1941 - The Germans declare Galicia as the fifth district of the Generalgouvernement.

1941 年 8 月 1 日 - 德国宣布加利西亚为总督府的第五个区。

1 August 1941 - Japanese occupy Saigon, Vietnam.

1941 年 8 月 1 日 - 日本占领越南西贡。

1 August 1941 - The US announces an oil embargo against "aggressors".

1941 年 8 月 1 日 - 美国宣布对“侵略者”实行石油禁运。

2 August 1941 - All civilian radios in Norway confiscated by the German occupation.

1941 年 8 月 2 日 - 德国占领期间没收了挪威所有民用收音机。

2 August 1941 - SS Commander Hans Krueger (alternative spelling, Hans Krüger) orders the registration of hundreds of Jewish and Polish intelligentsia in Stanisławów, who are subsequently tortured and murdered. This is the first implementation of the "one bullet one Jew" method in Galicia.

1941 年 8 月 2 日 - 党卫军指挥官汉斯·克鲁格（Hans Krüger）下令在斯坦尼斯瓦沃登记数百名犹太和波兰知识分子，他们随后遭到酷刑和谋杀。这是“一颗子弹一个犹太人”方法在加利西亚的首次实施。

6 August 1941 - American and British governments warn Japan not to invade Thailand.

1941 年 8 月 6 日 - 美国和英国政府警告日本不要入侵泰国。

11 August 1941 - Chungking, the nominal capital of Nationalist China located far up the Yangtze River, suffers several days of heavy bombing.

1941 年 8 月 11 日 - 位于长江上游的国民党名义上的首都重庆遭受了数天的猛烈轰炸。

11 August 1941 - Malta is relieved by a convoy.

1941 年 8 月 11 日 - 马耳他由一支车队接替。

30 August 1941 - The Shetland bus, a clandestine special operations group that made a permanent link between Shetland, Scotland and German-occupied Norway, begins operations.

1941 年 8 月 30 日 - 设得兰巴士是一个秘密特种作战组织，在苏格兰设得兰和德国占领的挪威之间建立了永久联系。

30 August 1941 - Beginning of the Yelna Offensive by the Soviet Red Army on the Eastern Front.

1941 年 8 月 30 日 - 苏联红军在东线发起叶尔纳攻势。

31 August 1941 - The first signs appear that a Leningrad "siege" is beginning.

1941 年 8 月 31 日 - 列宁格勒“围困”的初步迹象出现。

31 August 1941 - " The Great Provocation " in Vilnius – German forces stage an attack on their soldiers by Jews, leading to a 'retaliation' mass arrest of the residents of old Jewish quarter, to be murdered at Ponary, three days later.

1941 年 8 月 31 日 - 维尔纽斯的“大挑衅” - 德国军队对犹太人发动袭击，导致对旧犹太区居民的“报复性”大规模逮捕，三天后在波纳里被谋杀。

1 September 1941 - A pro-German Government of National Salvation formed in the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia under Milan Nedić.

1941 年 9 月 1 日 - 在塞尔维亚军事指挥官辖区成立亲德救国政府，由米兰·内迪奇 (Milan Nedić) 领导。

1 September 1941 - With the assistance of Finnish armies in the north, Leningrad is now completely cut off.

1941 年 9 月 1 日 - 在北部芬兰军队的协助下，列宁格勒与外界的联系现已完全被切断。

1 September 1941 - All Jews under German rule must wear the yellow star of David badge with "Jew" clearly written in it, are forbidden to live with or marry non-Jews, and are forbidden to leave their towns without written consent, in accordance with the Nuremberg Laws of 1935. The decree, signed by Heydrich, is to take effect on September 19.

1941 年 9 月 1 日 - 根据 1935 年纽伦堡法律，所有在德国统治下的犹太人都必须佩戴黄色大卫星徽章，上面清楚地写着“犹太人”，禁止与非犹太人一起生活或结婚，未经书面同意禁止离开自己的城镇。该法令由海德里希签署，将于 9 月 19 日生效。

3 September 1941 - Vilna Ghetto Jews required to hand over any gold or silver.

1941 年 9 月 3 日 - 维尔纳隔都犹太人被要求交出所有金银。

3 September 1941 - Murder of all 3,700 residents of the old Jewish quarter in Vilnius begins at the Ponary death site along with 10 members of the Judenrat. First written testimony of occurrences at Ponary by a survivor.

1941 年 9 月 3 日 - 维尔纽斯旧犹太区的全部 3,700 名居民以及 10 名犹太委员会成员在波纳里死亡地点开始被谋杀。一名幸存者对波纳利事件的第一份书面证词。

6 September 1941 - 6,000 Jews shot at Ponary, a day after the order to form the Vilna Ghetto was issued.

1941 年 9 月 6 日 - 成立维尔纳隔都的命令发布一天后，6,000 名犹太人在波纳里遭到枪杀。

6 September 1941 - Japanese imperial conference decides Japan will go to war with the United States if the oil embargo is not lifted.

1941 年 9 月 6 日 - 日本帝国会议决定，如果不解除石油禁运，日本将与美国开战。

15 September 1941 - "Moving Aktion" in Vilna Ghetto. Of 3,500 Jews "moved" between ghetto sections, only 550 arrive. The remaining 2,950 Jews are shot at the Ponary massacre death site.

1941 年 9 月 15 日 - 维尔纳隔都的“移动行动”。 3,500 名犹太人在隔都区之间“移动”，其中只有 550 人抵达。其余 2,950 名犹太人在波纳里大屠杀死亡地点被枪杀。

15 September 1941 - "Self-government" of Estonia, headed by Hjalmar Mäe, is appointed by German military administration.

1941 年 9 月 15 日 - 由 Hjalmar Mäe 领导的爱沙尼亚“自治政府”由德国军事当局任命。

1 October 1941 - Majdanek concentration camp (German: Konzentrationslager Lublin) and later to become extermination camp is opened.

1941 年 10 月 1 日 - 马伊达内克集中营（德语：Konzentrationslager Lublin）开放，后来成为灭绝营。

1 October 1941 - Vilna Ghetto Yom Kippur Aktions (German annihilation operations) begin. In four separate incidents 3,900 Jews are kidnapped, shot and killed at the Ponary massacre death site, continued with an additional 2,000 Jews kidnapped and killed there, in the next two days.

1941 年 10 月 1 日 - Vilna Ghetto Yom Kippur Aktions（德国歼灭行动）开始。在波纳里大屠杀死亡地点发生的四起独立事件中，有 3,900 名犹太人被绑架、枪杀，并且在接下来的两天内，又有 2,000 名犹太人在那里被绑架和杀害。

10 October 1941 - German armies encircle about 660,000 Red Army troops near Vyasma (east of Smolensk); some make a glowing prediction of the end of the war.

1941 年 10 月 10 日 - 德国军队在维亚斯马（斯摩棱斯克以东）附近包围了约 660,000 名红军士兵；有些人对战争的结束做出了热烈的预测。

10 October 1941 - In German-occupied Luxembourg, a referendum is envisaged to approve the annexation of Luxembourg into Nazi Germany. As a result of a patriotic propaganda campaign by the Luxembourg Resistance, it does not go ahead.

1941 年 10 月 10 日 - 在德国占领的卢森堡，预计将举行全民投票以批准将卢森堡并入纳粹德国。由于卢森堡抵抗运动的爱国宣传运动，该计划并未继续进行。

12 October 1941 - German forces capture Hiiumaa island, the last major Soviet outpost in Estonia.

1941 年 10 月 12 日 - 德国军队占领希乌马岛，这是苏联在爱沙尼亚的最后一个主要前哨基地。

12 October 1941 - Bloody Sunday massacre at Stanisławów, 8,000–12,000 Jews were rounded up and shot into pits by SIPO (Ukrainian police) together with German uniformed SS men. Dr. Tenenbaum of the Judenrat heroically refuses the offer of exemption and is shot along with the others.

1941 年 10 月 12 日 - 斯坦尼斯瓦夫发生血腥星期日大屠杀，8,000-12,000 名犹太人被 SIPO（乌克兰警察）与身穿德国制服的党卫军一起围捕并射入坑中。犹太委员会的特南鲍姆博士英勇地拒绝了豁免，并与其他人一起被枪杀。

16 October 1941 - Soviet Union government begins move eastward to Samara, a city on the Volga, but Joseph Stalin remains in Moscow. The citizens of Moscow frantically build tank traps and other fortifications for the coming siege.

1941 年 10 月 16 日 - 苏联政府开始向东迁往伏尔加河畔的城市萨马拉，但约瑟夫·斯大林仍留在莫斯科。莫斯科市民疯狂地建造坦克陷阱和其他防御工事，以应对即将到来的围困。

17 October 1941 - The government of Japanese prime minister Prince Fumimaro Konoe collapses, leaving little hope for peace in the Pacific.

1941 年 10 月 17 日 - 日本首相近卫文麻吕亲王的政府垮台，太平洋和平的希望渺茫。

17 October 1941 - The destroyer USS Kearny (DD-432) is torpedoed and damaged by U-568 near Iceland, killing eleven sailors. They are the first American military casualties of the war.

1941 年 10 月 17 日 - 驱逐舰卡尼号 (DD-432) 在冰岛附近被 U-568 鱼雷击伤，造成 11 名水手死亡。他们是战争中第一批美军伤亡者。

18 October 1941 - Red Army troop reinforcements arrive in Moscow from Siberia; Stalin is assured that the Japanese will not attack the USSR from the East.

1941 年 10 月 18 日 - 红军增援部队从西伯利亚抵达莫斯科；斯大林确信日本不会从东方攻击苏联。

19 October 1941 - An official "state of siege" is announced in Moscow; the city is placed under martial law.

1941 年 10 月 19 日 - 莫斯科宣布正式进入“戒严状态”；该市已实行戒严。

22 October 1941 - 35,000 Jews are expelled to the Slobodka Ghetto and are left in freezing conditions for 10 days. Many perish in the cold.

1941 年 10 月 22 日 - 35,000 名犹太人被驱逐到斯洛博德卡 (Slobodka) 隔都，并在寒冷的环境中度过了 10 天。许多人死于寒冷。

22 October 1941 - Odessa massacre begins and continues for two days. 25,000 to 34,000 Jews are led in a long procession and are shot and killed in an antitank ditch, or burnt alive after being crowded into four buildings.

1941 年 10 月 22 日 - 敖德萨大屠杀开始并持续了两天。 25,000 至 34,000 名犹太人在长长的游行队伍中被枪杀，或者在挤进四栋建筑后被活活烧死。

22 October 1941 - The massacre began after, that day, a delayed bomb planted by the Soviets kills 67 people at the Romanian headquarters, including the Romanian commander General Glogojeanu.

1941 年 10 月 22 日 - 当天，苏联人安置的一枚延迟炸弹炸死了罗马尼亚总部的 67 人，其中包括罗马尼亚指挥官格洛戈耶努 (Glogojeanu) 将军，随后大屠杀开始。

24 October 1941 - In Ukraine, the important mining and industrial centre of Kharkov falls to the German Army Group South forces.

1941 年 10 月 24 日 - 在乌克兰，重要的采矿和工业中心哈尔科夫落入德国南方集团军手中。

24 October 1941 - Vilna Ghetto Gelbschein I Aktion. 5,500 Jews including 140 old or paralyzed people killed.

1941 年 10 月 24 日 - 维尔纳犹太人区 Gelbschein I 行动。 5,500 名犹太人被杀，其中包括 140 名老人或瘫痪者。

12 November 1941 - Battle of Moscow – Temperatures around Moscow drop to minus 12 °C and the Soviet Union launches ski troops for the first time against the freezing German forces near the city.

1941 年 11 月 12 日 - 莫斯科之战 - 莫斯科周围气温降至-12 °C，苏联首次派出滑雪部队对抗该市附近寒冷的德军。

12 November 1941 - HMS Ark Royal delivers a squadron of Hurricane fighter planes to Malta.

1941 年 11 月 12 日 - 英国皇家方舟号向马耳他交付了一个飓风战斗机中队。

13 November 1941 - Germans start a new offensive against Moscow as the muddy ground freezes again.

1941 年 11 月 13 日 - 当泥泞的地面再次结冰时，德国人对莫斯科发起新的攻势。

13 November 1941 - The aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal is torpedoed by the German submarine U-81 and sinks the following day.

1941 年 11 月 13 日 - 皇家方舟号航空母舰被德国潜艇 U-81 鱼雷击中，并于第二天沉没。

17 November 1941 - Ernst Udet, head of the Luftwaffe's Production and Development, commits suicide over his perceived inability to properly perform his mission.

1941 年 11 月 17 日 - 德国空军生产和开发部负责人恩斯特·乌德特 (Ernst Udet) 因无法正确执行任务而自杀。

17 November 1941 - Joseph Grew, the United States ambassador to Japan, cables the State Department that Japan had plans to launch an attack against Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (his cable was ignored).

1941 年 11 月 17 日 - 美国驻日本大使约瑟夫·格鲁 (Joseph Grew) 向国务院发电报称，日本计划对夏威夷珍珠港发动袭击（他的电报被忽略）。

22 November 1941 - Britain issues an ultimatum to Finland to end war with the Soviet Union or face war with the Allies.

1941 年 11 月 22 日 - 英国向芬兰发出最后通牒，要求其结束与苏联的战争，否则将面临与同盟国的战争。

22 November 1941 - Rommel starts a counteroffensive, retaking Sidi Rezegh (south of Tobruk) which the Allies had taken a few days earlier. British tank losses are heavy.

1941 年 11 月 22 日 - 隆美尔开始反攻，夺回盟军几天前占领的西迪雷泽格（托布鲁克南部）。英国坦克损失惨重。

23 November 1941 - The United States reaches an agreement with the Dutch government in exile whereby the Americans occupy Suriname to protect the bauxite mines there.

1941 年 11 月 23 日 - 美国与荷兰流亡政府达成协议，美国占领苏里南以保护那里的铝土矿。

23 November 1941 - Rommel's attack continues around Sidi Rezegh; Allied losses continue to rise.

1941 年 11 月 23 日 - 隆美尔在西迪雷泽格周围继续进攻；盟军损失继续增加。

24 November 1941 - Rommel begins a surprising 15-mile foray into Egypt; he meets no opposition.

1941 年 11 月 24 日 - 隆美尔开始出其不意地突袭埃及，长达 15 英里；他没有遇到任何反对。

25 November 1941 - U-331 sinks the British battleship HMS Barham while covering Mediterranean convoys.

1941 年 11 月 25 日 - U-331 在掩护地中海护航舰队时击沉了英国战列舰巴勒姆号。

25 November 1941 - In German-occupied Belgium, the Free University of Brussels is closed on the orders of the occupation authorities.

1941 年 11 月 25 日 - 在德占比利时，布鲁塞尔自由大学根据占领当局的命令关闭。

26 November 1941 - A Japanese attack fleet of 33 warships and auxiliary craft, including six aircraft carriers, sails from northern Japan for the Hawaiian Islands.

1941 年 11 月 26 日 - 由 33 艘军舰和辅助舰艇（包括 6 艘航空母舰）组成的日本攻击舰队从日本北部出发前往夏威夷群岛。

26 November 1941 - After his brief dash into Egypt, Rommel retreats to Bardia for refuelling; it is during this brief withdrawal that Tobruk is temporarily relieved when the 8th Army meets with the besieged garrison there.

1941 年 11 月 26 日 - 在短暂冲进埃及后，隆美尔撤退到巴迪亚补充燃料。正是在短暂的撤退过程中，第8集团军与那里被围困的守军会师，托布鲁克才暂时松了口气。

28 November 1941 - Battle of Moscow – German Panzers are on the outskirts of Moscow, near the Moscow-Volga Canal.

1941 年 11 月 28 日 - 莫斯科战役 - 德国装甲部队位于莫斯科郊区，靠近莫斯科伏尔加运河。

1 December 1941 - Fiorello H. La Guardia publishes Administrative Order 9 creating the Civil Air Patrol for U.S. Coastal Patrol and naming its national commander Major General John F. Curry.

1941 年 12 月 1 日 - 菲奥雷洛·H·拉瓜迪亚 (Fiorello H. La Guardia) 发布第 9 号行政命令，为美国海岸巡逻队创建民用空中巡逻队，并任命其国家指挥官约翰·F·库里 (John F. Curry) 少将。

2 December 1941 - A German combat engineer patrol reaches the town of Khimki while scouting for a hole in the Russian defense perimeter around Moscow. It is the closest advance the Germans make to the Russian capital.

1941 年 12 月 2 日 - 一支德国战斗工兵巡逻队抵达希姆基镇，同时在莫斯科周围的俄罗斯防御圈内寻找漏洞。这是德国人距离俄罗斯首都最近的一次进攻。

3 December 1941 - Conscription in the United Kingdom now includes all men between 18 and 50. Women will not be neglected since they will serve in fire brigades and in women's auxiliary groups.

1941 年 12 月 3 日 - 现在英国的征兵对象包括 18 岁至 50 岁之间的所有男性。女性不会被忽视，因为她们将在消防队和女性辅助团体中服役。

6 December 1941 - Vilna Ghetto Gestapo Workers Aktion – 800 Jews and 10 Poles shot at the Ponary massacre death site. Temperatures are minus 23 degrees Celsius.

1941 年 12 月 6 日 - 维尔纳隔都盖世太保工人行动 - 800 名犹太人和 10 名波兰人在波纳里大屠杀死亡地点被枪杀。气温为-23摄氏度。

7 December 1941 - Adolf Hitler signs the German "Night and Fog decree" dictating the elimination of anti-Nazi resistance activities in Western Europe.

1941 年 12 月 7 日 - 阿道夫·希特勒签署德国“夜雾法令”，规定消除西欧的反纳粹抵抗活动。

7 December 1941 - (December 8, Asian time zones) Japan launches an attack on Pearl Harbor, declares war on the United States and the United Kingdom and invades the Shanghai International Settlement, Thailand and British Malaya and launches aerial attacks against Guam, Hong Kong, the Philippines, Shanghai, Singapore and Wake Island. Canada declares war on Japan. Australia declares war on Japan.

1941年12月7日——（12月8日，亚洲时区）日本偷袭珍珠港，向美国和英国宣战，入侵上海公共租界、泰国和英属马来亚，并对关岛、香港、菲律宾、上海、新加坡和威克岛发动空袭。加拿大对日本宣战。澳大利亚对日本宣战。

8 December 1941 - Japanese forces take the Gilbert Islands (which include Tarawa). Clark Field in the Philippines is bombed, and many American aircraft are destroyed on the ground.

1941 年 12 月 8 日 - 日本军队占领吉尔伯特群岛（包括塔拉瓦岛）。菲律宾克拉克机场遭到轰炸，多架美国飞机在地面被毁。

8 December 1941 - Kamenka, Krasnaya Polyana, and Kriukovo, are liberated by the Red Army. The Germans are never again within artillery range of Moscow.

1941 年 12 月 8 日 - 卡缅卡、卡拉斯拉雅波利亚纳和克里乌科沃被红军解放。德国人再也没有进入莫斯科的炮火射程之内。

8 December 1941 - The United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and New Zealand declare war on Japan; Roosevelt's Day of Infamy speech.

1941 年 12 月 8 日——美国、英国、荷兰和新西兰对日本宣战；罗斯福臭名昭著日演讲。

9 December 1941 - China officially declares war on Japan, although a de facto state of war has existed between the two countries since the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of July 7, 1937. China also declares war on Germany and Italy. Australia officially declares war on Japan. South Africa declares war on Japan, regarded as if at war from 8th December 1941.

1941年12月9日 - 中国正式对日本宣战，尽管自1937年7月7日卢沟桥事变以来两国之间一直存在事实上的战争状态。中国还对德国和意大利宣战。澳大利亚正式对日宣战。南非对日本宣战，从 1941 年 12 月 8 日起就如同处于战争状态。

9 December 1941 - Striking miners of the Union Minière at Elizabethville in the Belgian Congo are fired on by Belgian colonial forces during negotiations, killing an estimated 70 people.

1941 年 12 月 9 日 - 联合矿业公司在比属刚果伊丽莎白维尔的罢工矿工在谈判期间遭到比利时殖民军队的射击，造成约 70 人死亡。

12 December 1941 - The United States and the United Kingdom declare war on Romania after It had declared war on both the United States and the United Kingdom; India declares war on Japan.

1941 年 12 月 12 日 - 在罗马尼亚向美国和英国宣战后，美国和英国向罗马尼亚宣战；印度对日本宣战。

13 December 1941 - Japanese under General Yamashita continue their push into Malaya. Under General Homma the Japanese forces are firmly established in the northern Philippines. Hong Kong is threatened.

1941 年 12 月 13 日 - 山下将军领导下的日军继续挺进马来亚。在本间将军的领导下，日本军队在菲律宾北部牢牢扎根。香港受到威胁。

13 December 1941 - Bulgaria and Hungary declare war on the United States and the United Kingdom, the United Kingdom reciprocates and declares war on Bulgaria and Hungary. The United States does not declare war on Bulgaria and Hungary until June 5, 1942.

1941 年 12 月 13 日 - 保加利亚和匈牙利向美国和英国宣战，英国也向保加利亚和匈牙利宣战。美国直到 1942 年 6 月 5 日才对保加利亚和匈牙利宣战。

21 December 1941 - The suffering of besieged Leningrad continues; it is estimated that about 3,000 are dying each day of starvation and various diseases.

1941 年 12 月 21 日 - 被围困的列宁格勒的苦难仍在继续；据估计，每天约有3 000人死于饥饿和各种疾病。

22 December 1941 - Start of the Arcadia Conference in Washington, D.C., the first official meeting of British and American political and military leaders.

1941 年 12 月 22 日 - 阿卡迪亚会议在华盛顿特区召开，这是英国和美国政治和军事领导人的第一次正式会议。

1942 in brief - Japan captured Singapore in February and pushed toward Midway, where four Japanese carriers were lost in June. El Alamein, Operation Torch in North Africa, and the German encirclement at Stalingrad in November marked the strategic turn of the war.

1942 年简述 - 日本于 2 月占领新加坡并向中途岛推进，6 月日本四艘航空母舰在此沉没。阿拉曼行动、北非火炬行动以及德军11月对斯大林格勒的包围标志着战争的战略转折。

1 January 1942 - Twenty-six Allied countries signed the Declaration by United Nations during the Arcadia Conference.

1942 年 1 月 1 日——二十六个同盟国在阿卡迪亚会议期间签署了联合国宣言。

2 January 1942 - Manila is captured by Japanese forces. They also take Cavite naval base, and the American and Filipino troops continue the retreat into Bataan.

1942 年 1 月 2 日 - 马尼拉被日军占领。他们还占领了甲美地海军基地，美国和菲律宾军队继续撤退到巴丹。

6 January 1942 - In his State of the Union speech, President Roosevelt promises more aid to Britain, including planes and troops.

1942 年 1 月 6 日 - 罗斯福总统在国情咨文演讲中承诺向英国提供更多援助，包括飞机和军队。

7 January 1942 - Heavy air attacks on Malta; it is estimated that the bomb tonnage dropped on the island is twice that dropped on London.

1942 年 1 月 7 日 - 对马耳他发动猛烈空袭；据估计，投放在岛上的炸弹吨位是投放在伦敦的两倍。

7 January 1942 - The Soviet Winter counter-offensive comes to a halt, after having pushed the exhausted and freezing German Army back 62–155 mi from Moscow. 'Operation Barbarossa' had failed.

1942 年 1 月 7 日 - 苏联冬季反攻将筋疲力尽、冰冷的德军逼退到距离莫斯科 62 至 155 英里的地方，随后停止了进攻。 “巴巴罗萨行动”失败了。

8 January 1942 - Japanese troops penetrated the outer lines of defense at Kuala Lumpur, Malaya.

1942 年 1 月 8 日 - 日本军队突破马来亚吉隆坡的外围防线。

13 January 1942 - The German U-boat offensive comes closer to the US shores starting the Second Happy Time.

1942 年 1 月 13 日 - 德国潜艇攻势逼近美国海岸，第二个快乐时光开始。

13 January 1942 - Allied governments-in-exile in London issue a declaration entitled Punishment for War Crimes demanding post-war legal retribution for atrocities in German-occupied Europe.

1942 年 1 月 13 日 - 伦敦的盟军流亡政府发表了一份题为《惩罚战争罪行》的声明，要求对德占欧洲的暴行进行战后法律报复。

15 January 1942 - German authorities begin to deport Jews from the Lodz ghettos to the Chelmno Concentration Camp.

1942 年 1 月 15 日 - 德国当局开始将犹太人从罗兹隔都驱逐到海乌姆诺集中营。

19 January 1942 - Japanese forces take large numbers of British troops prisoner, north of Singapore.

1942 年 1 月 19 日 - 日军在新加坡北部俘虏了大量英军。

20 January 1942 - Nazis at the Wannsee Conference in Berlin decide that the " Final Solution to the Jewish problem " is relocation, and later extermination.

1942 年 1 月 20 日 - 纳粹在柏林万湖会议上决定“犹太人问题的最终解决方案”是搬迁，然后进行灭绝。

21 January 1942 - Rommel's Afrika Korps begins a surprise counter-offensive at El Agheila; his troops, with new reinforcements and tanks, capture Agedabia, then push north to Beda Fomm. At the Vilna Ghetto the Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye a Jewish partisan organisation is established, including Aba Kovner.

1942 年 1 月 21 日 - 隆美尔的非洲军团在阿格海拉发起突然反攻；他的部队带着新的援军和坦克占领了阿格达比亚，然后向北推进到贝达福姆。在维尔纳犹太人区，法雷尼克游击队组织成立了一个犹太游击队组织，其中包括阿巴·科夫纳。

24 January 1942 - American troops land in Samoa, as part of a strategy to stop the Japanese advance in the Pacific.

1942 年 1 月 24 日 - 美国军队在萨摩亚登陆，作为阻止日本在太平洋推进的战略的一部分。

29 January 1942 - Rommel's Afrika Korps recaptures Benghazi, Libya in his drive east. For the next few months, the two sides will rest and rearm.

1942 年 1 月 29 日 - 隆美尔的非洲军团在东进中夺回利比亚班加西。接下来的几个月，双方将休整并重新武装。

30 January 1942 - Hitler speaks at the Berlin Sportpalast and threatens the Jews of the world with annihilation; he also blames the failure of the offensive in The Soviet Union on the weather.

1942 年 1 月 30 日 - 希特勒在柏林体育宫发表讲话，威胁要消灭世界上的犹太人；他还将对苏联进攻的失败归咎于天气。

31 January 1942 - The Japanese take the port of Moulamein, Burma; they now threaten Rangoon as well as Singapore.

1942 年 1 月 31 日 - 日本占领缅甸穆拉棉港；他们现在威胁仰光和新加坡。

1 February 1942 - The United States Navy conducts the Marshalls-Gilberts raids attacking Jaluit, Mili, and Makin (Butaritari) islands as well as Kwajalein, Wotje, and Taroa.

1942 年 2 月 1 日 - 美国海军对贾卢特岛、米利岛和马金岛（布塔里塔里岛）以及夸贾林岛、沃特耶岛和塔罗阿岛进行了马歇尔-吉尔伯特袭击。

1 February 1942 - United States automobile industry stops production and switches over the coming 12 months to producing war materials

1942 年 2 月 1 日 - 美国汽车工业停止生产并在未来 12 个月内转而生产战争物资

1 February 1942 - Rommel's forces reach El Gazala, Libya, near the border with Egypt; during a "Winter lull" he will remain there.

1942 年 2 月 1 日 - 隆美尔的部队到达利比亚的埃尔加扎拉，靠近埃及边境；在“冬季平静”期间，他将留在那里。

2 February 1942 - General Joseph ("Vinegar Joe") Stilwell is named Chief of Staff to Chiang Kai-shek and Commander-in-Chief of the Allied forces in China.

1942 年 2 月 2 日 - 约瑟夫·史迪威将军（“醋乔”）被任命为蒋介石参谋长兼驻华盟军总司令。

9 February 1942 - Top United States military leaders hold their first formal meeting to discuss American military strategy in the war.

1942 年 2 月 9 日 - 美国最高军事领导人举行首次正式会议，讨论美国在战争中的军事战略。

10 February 1942 - The cruise liner SS Normandie catches fire and capsizes in New York harbour. Although the cause is probably a welder's torch, various conspiracies are imagined in the media.

1942 年 2 月 10 日 - 诺曼底号游轮在纽约港起火并倾覆。尽管原因很可能是焊工的焊炬，但媒体却想象出了各种阴谋。

11 February 1942 - The " Channel Dash " – The German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, with the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen, rush out of Brest through the English Channel to northern ports, including Wilhelmshaven, Germany; the British naval units fail to sink any of them.

1942年2月11日——“海峡冲刺”——德国战列舰沙恩霍斯特号和格奈森瑙号与重巡洋舰欧根亲王号一起从布雷斯特出发，穿过英吉利海峡到达北部港口，包括德国威廉港；英国海军部队未能击沉其中任何一艘。

13 February 1942 - The battle for Bataan continues, Battle of Pasir Panjang is fought (13-14/02), Commonwealth forces lost the strategic ridge.

1942 年 2 月 13 日 - 巴丹战役继续进行，巴西班让战役打响（13-14/02），英联邦军队失去了战略山脊。

15 February 1942 - Singapore surrendered to Japanese forces; this is arguably the most devastating loss in British military history.

1942 年 2 月 15 日——新加坡向日军投降；这可以说是英国军事史上最具毁灭性的损失。

16 February 1942 - The Japanese commit the Banka Island Massacre in which they open fire on Australian military nurses, killing 21.

1942 年 2 月 16 日 - 日本制造班卡岛大屠杀，向澳大利亚军队护士开枪，造成 21 人死亡。

16 February 1942 - Being discussed in high American government circles are plans for the internment of Japanese-Americans living generally in the western US.

1942 年 2 月 16 日 - 美国政府高层正在讨论拘留普遍生活在美国西部的日裔美国人的计划。

19 February 1942 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066 allowing the United States military to define areas as exclusionary zones. These zones affect the Japanese on the West Coast, and Germans and Italians primarily on the East Coast.

1942 年 2 月 19 日 - 富兰克林·罗斯福总统签署第 9066 号行政命令，允许美国军方将某些区域定义为禁区。这些区域影响西海岸的日本人，以及主要影响东海岸的德国人和意大利人。

22 February 1942 - President Franklin Delano Roosevelt orders General Douglas MacArthur to evacuate the Philippines as American defense of the nation collapses.

1942 年 2 月 22 日 - 由于美国对国家的防御崩溃，富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福总统命令道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟将军撤离菲律宾。

25 February 1942 - The internment of Japanese-American citizens in the Western United States begins as fears of invasion increase.

1942 年 2 月 25 日 - 随着对入侵的恐惧增加，美国西部开始拘禁日裔美国公民。

27 February 1942 - Battle of the Java Sea – Under a Dutch Rear Admiral Karl Doorman, the combined forces lose 2 light cruisers and 3 destroyers.

1942 年 2 月 27 日 - 爪哇海海战 - 在荷兰海军少将卡尔·杜尔曼 (Karl Doorman) 的指挥下，联合部队损失了 2 艘轻型巡洋舰和 3 艘驱逐舰。

27 February 1942 - USS Langley is attacked by nine Japanese Betty bombers in the Java Sea, damaged and later scuttled to prevent capture.

1942 年 2 月 27 日 - 兰利号航空母舰在爪哇海遭到九架日本贝蒂轰炸机的袭击，遭到损坏，后来为防止被俘而自沉。

1 March 1942 - A Red Army offensive in the Crimea begins; in the north, the siege of Leningrad continues.

1942 年 3 月 1 日 - 红军开始进攻克里米亚；在北部，列宁格勒的围困仍在继续。

3 March 1942 - Japanese aircraft make a surprising raid on the airfield and harbor at Broome, Western Australia.

1942 年 3 月 3 日 - 日本飞机对西澳大利亚布鲁姆的机场和港口进行了令人惊讶的袭击。

4 March 1942 - Japanese naval Operation K occurs, intended as a reconnaissance of Pearl Harbor and disruption of repair and salvage operations.

1942 年 3 月 4 日 - 日本海军发动 K 行动，旨在侦察珍珠港并中断维修和打捞作业。

5 March 1942 - New conscription laws in the United Kingdom include women and men up to the age of 45.

1942 年 3 月 5 日 - 英国新征兵法将 45 岁以下的女性和男性纳入征兵范围。

8 March 1942 - The Japanese land at Lae and Salamaua, on Huon Bay, New Guinea, beginning their move toward Port Moresby, New Guinea, and then Australia.

1942 年 3 月 8 日 - 日本人在新几内亚休恩湾的莱城和萨拉马瓦登陆，开始向新几内亚莫尔兹比港和澳大利亚进军。

9 March 1942 - Japanese troops entered Rangoon, Burma, which was abandoned by the British two days earlier. It appears that the Japanese are in control of Java, Burma, and New Guinea.

1942 年 3 月 9 日 - 日本军队进入两天前被英国放弃的缅甸仰光。 日本人似乎控制了爪哇、缅甸和新几内亚。

9 March 1942 - The Secretary of War reorganizes the General Headquarters (GHQ), United States Army into three major commands – Army Ground Forces, Army Air Forces, and Services of Supply, the latter of which is later redesignated Army Service Forces. At the same time, the four Defense commands and all Theaters Of Operations (TOPNS) are subordinated to the War Department General Staff.

1942 年 3 月 9 日 - 战争部长将美国陆军总司令部 (GHQ) 重组为三个主要司令部——陆军地面部队、陆军空军和补给部队，后者后来更名为陆军军种部队。同时，四个国防司令部和所有战区（TOPNS）都隶属于陆军部总参谋部。

12 March 1942 - American troops begin to land in Nouméa, New Caledonia; it will become an important staging base for the eventual invasion of Guadalcanal.

1942 年 3 月 12 日 - 美国军队开始在新喀里多尼亚努美阿登陆；它将成为最终入侵瓜达尔卡纳尔岛的重要集结基地。

14 March 1942 - The Japanese are now threatening American forces around Manila Bay; the retreat to Corregidor begins.

1942 年 3 月 14 日 - 日本人现在威胁马尼拉湾周围的美军；开始向科雷吉多撤退。

14 March 1942 - Japanese land troops in the Solomon Islands, underscoring Australia's dangerous situation, especially if, as it is soon made clear, an airfield is built on Guadalcanal.

1942 年 3 月 14 日 - 日本陆军进驻所罗门群岛，突显了澳大利亚的危险处境，特别是如果（很快就会明确）在瓜达尔卡纳尔岛修建机场的话。

17 March 1942 - The United Kingdom institutes rationing of electricity, coal, and gas; the clothing ration is decreased as well.

1942 年 3 月 17 日 - 英国实行电力、煤炭和天然气配给；服装配给量也减少了。

17 March 1942 - U.S. General Douglas MacArthur arrives in Australia, after leaving his headquarters in the Philippines.

1942 年 3 月 17 日 - 美国将军道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟离开菲律宾总部后抵达澳大利亚。

20 March 1942 - Operation Outward begins, a program to attack Germany by means of free-flying balloons.

1942 年 3 月 20 日 - 向外行动开始，这是一项利用自由飞行的气球攻击德国的计划。

22 March 1942 - A fractured convoy reaches Malta, after heavy losses to the Luftwaffe and an Italian sea force. Continued heavy bombing attacks on the island with slight opposition from overtaxed RAF air forces.

1942 年 3 月 22 日 - 在德国空军和一支意大利海军遭受重大损失后，一支支离破碎的车队抵达马耳他。对该岛持续进行猛烈轰炸，但负担过重的英国皇家空军空军略有反对。

28 March 1942 - The RAF sends a raid against Lübeck, destroying over 30% of the city, and 80% of the medieval centre. Hitler is outraged.

1942 年 3 月 28 日 - 英国皇家空军对吕贝克发动突袭，摧毁了该市 30% 以上以及中世纪中心的 80%。希特勒愤怒了。

28 March 1942 - British commandos launch Operation Chariot, a raid on the port at Saint Nazaire, France. HMS Campbeltown, filled with explosives on a time-delay fuse, rams the dock gates and commandos destroy other parts of the naval service area. The port is completely destroyed and does not resume service till 1947; however, around two-thirds of the raiding forces are lost.

1942 年 3 月 28 日 - 英国突击队发起“战车行动”，突袭法国圣纳泽尔港口。英国皇家海军坎贝尔敦号在延时引信上装满炸药，猛烈撞击码头大门，突击队员摧毁了海军服务区的其他部分。港口被完全摧毁，直到1947年才恢复服务；然而，约三分之二的突袭部队损失惨重。

1 April 1942 - The Eastern Sea Frontier, desperately short on suitable escort vessels after the Destroyers for Bases Agreement, institutes an interim arrangement known as the "Bucket Brigaid," wherein vessels outside of protected harbors are placed in anchorages protected by netting after dark, and move only under whatever escort is available during the day. As word of this and similar measures reaches Dönitz, he does not wait t...

1942 年 4 月 1 日 - 在《基地驱逐舰协议》签署后，东部沿海地区极度缺乏合适的护航船只，因此制定了一项名为“水桶编队”的临时安排，其中受保护港口以外的船只在天黑后被放置在受网保护的锚地中，并且只能在白天可用的护航下移动。当邓尼茨听到这一消息和类似措施时，他迫不及待地……

1 April 1942 - The Pacific War Council meets for the first time in Washington. Intended to allow the smaller powers involved in fighting the Japanese to have some input into US decisions, its purpose is soon outstripped by events, notably the collapse of the ABDA Command.

1942 年 4 月 1 日 - 太平洋战争委员会在华盛顿举行首次会议。其目的是让参与抗日的小国对美国的决策提出一些意见，但其目的很快就被事件所超越，特别是 ABDA 司令部的崩溃。

5 April 1942 - Adolf Hitler issues Directive No. 41, outlining his plans for the coming summer offensive in Russia. The main offensive is directed to seize the Russian oil fields in the Caucasus; a secondary thrust is to capture Stalingrad and protect the flank of the main advance.

1942 年 4 月 5 日 - 阿道夫·希特勒发布第 41 号指令，概述了他对俄罗斯即将到来的夏季攻势的计划。主要攻势是夺取俄罗斯在高加索地区的油田；次要进攻是夺取斯大林格勒并保护主线的侧翼。

9 April 1942 - Bataan falls to the Japanese. The " Bataan Death March " begins, as the captives are taken off to detention camps in the north. Corregidor, in the middle of Manila Bay, remains a final point of resistance.

1942 年 4 月 9 日 - 巴丹半岛落入日本手中。 “巴丹死亡行军”开始，俘虏被送往北部的拘留营。位于马尼拉湾中部的科雷希多岛仍然是最后的抵抗点。

9 April 1942 - The Japanese Navy launches an air raid on Trincomalee in Ceylon; Royal Navy aircraft carrier HMS Hermes and Royal Australian Navy destroyer HMAS Vampire are sunk off the country's east coast.

1942 年 4 月 9 日 - 日本海军对锡兰的亭可马里发动空袭；英国皇家海军航空母舰赫尔墨斯号和澳大利亚皇家海军驱逐舰吸血鬼号在该国东海岸被击沉。

14 April 1942 - Winston Churchill, concerned that the situation in Malta will cause the Axis forces in North Africa to be better supplied than British forces, sends a telegram to Sir Stafford Cripps in Cairo, asking him to pressure General Auchinleck to take offensive action before this can occur.

1942 年 4 月 14 日 - 温斯顿·丘吉尔担心马耳他的局势将导致北非的轴心国军队比英国军队得到更好的补给，因此向开罗的斯塔福德·克里普斯爵士发出电报，要求他向奥金莱克将军施压，要求其在此之前采取进攻行动。

15 April 1942 - Soldiers of the I Burma Corps begin to destroy the infrastructure of the Yenangyaung oil fields to prevent the advancing Japanese from capturing them intact.

1942 年 4 月 15 日 - 缅甸第一军团的士兵开始摧毁 Yenanyaung 油田的基础设施，以阻止前进的日本人完整地占领它们。

17 April 1942 - French General Henri Giraud, who was captured in 1940, escapes from a castle prison at Königstein by lowering himself down the castle wall and jumping on board a moving train, which takes him to the French border.

1942 年 4 月 17 日 - 1940 年被捕的法国将军亨利·吉罗 (Henri Giraud) 从柯尼施泰因 (Königstein) 的城堡监狱中跳下，跳上一列行驶中的火车，越狱，前往法国边境。

18 April 1942 - The Eastern Sea Frontier, the United States Navy operational command in charge of the East Coast of the United States, somewhat belatedly forces a blackout along the East Coast. This deprives U-boat commanders of background illumination, but provides only a very little relief from U-boat attack; as the nights grow shorter more U-boat attacks are occurring in daylight hours.

1942 年 4 月 18 日 - 负责美国东海岸的美国海军作战司令部东海边境在某种程度上强制东海岸停电。这剥夺了潜艇指挥官的背景照明，但对潜艇攻击的缓解作用微乎其微；随着夜晚越来越短，更多的潜艇袭击发生在白天。

18 April 1942 - Doolittle Raid on Nagoya, Tokyo and Yokohama. Jimmy Doolittle 's B-25s take off from USS Hornet. The raids are a great boost of morale for Americans.

1942 年 4 月 18 日 - 杜立特袭击名古屋、东京和横滨。吉米·杜立特 (Jimmy Doolittle) 的 B-25 轰炸机从大黄蜂号航空母舰上起飞。这些袭击极大地鼓舞了美国人的士气。

20 April 1942 - General Dobbie, Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief of Malta, sends a message to Winston Churchill saying "it is obvious that the very worst may happen if we cannot replenish our vital needs, especially flour and ammunition, and that very soon...." Churchill concludes from this and other "disturbing news" that Dobbie is not capable enough for such an important job, and decides to replace him with Lord Gort.

1942 年 4 月 20 日 - 马耳他总督兼总司令多比将军向温斯顿·丘吉尔发出信息，称“很明显，如果我们无法补充我们的重要需求，特别是面粉和弹药，那么最糟糕的情况可能会发生，而且很快......”丘吉尔从这一消息和其他“令人不安的消息”中得出结论，多比没有足够的能力胜任如此重要的工作，并决定用戈特勋爵取代他。

20 April 1942 - USS Wasp delivers 47 Spitfire Mk. V fighters of No. 603 Squadron RAF to Malta; the planes are destroyed, mostly on the ground, by intense Axis air raids before they can affect the course of battle.

1942 年 4 月 20 日 - 黄蜂号航空母舰交付 47 架喷火式战斗机 Mk.英国皇家空军第 603 中队的 V 型战斗机飞往马耳他；这些飞机在影响战斗进程之前就被轴心国的猛烈空袭摧毁，大部分是在地面上。

23 April 1942 - Beginning of so-called Baedeker Raids by the Luftwaffe on English provincial towns like Exeter, Bath, Norwich, and York; attacks continue sporadically until June 6.

1942 年 4 月 23 日 - 德国空军开始对埃克塞特、巴斯、诺里奇和约克等英国省级城镇进行所谓的贝德克尔空袭；直到 6 月 6 日，袭击仍在持续发生。

27 April 1942 - A national plebiscite is held in Canada on the issue of conscription. It passes in favor of conscription; French Canadians are the main, though not the only, objectors.

1942 年 4 月 27 日 - 加拿大就征兵问题举行全国公民投票。它通过了赞成征兵制的法案；法裔加拿大人是主要的反对者，尽管不是唯一的反对者。

28 April 1942 - The bulk of the British assault troops depart Durban in South Africa for Madagascar; the slower ships, carrying transport and heavy weapons, have departed in great secrecy some days earlier.

1942 年 4 月 28 日 - 大部分英国突击部队离开南非德班前往马达加斯加；运载着运输工具和重型武器的速度较慢的船只几天前已秘密出发。

29 April 1942 - Adolf Hitler summons Benito Mussolini and Galeazzo Ciano to a summit conference at Salzburg. Like most Hitlerian conferences, this one is actually a thinly-disguised attempt to harangue the invitees into compliance with the Fuehrer's will; in this case, the Italians are to commit more troops to the Eastern Front. Hitler is successful, and Mussolini agrees to send an additional seven divisions, as well as the two a...

1942 年 4 月 29 日 - 阿道夫·希特勒召集贝尼托·墨索里尼和加莱亚佐·齐亚诺参加在萨尔茨堡举行的峰会。与大多数希特勒会议一样，这次会议实际上是一次几乎不加掩饰的尝试，旨在说服受邀者遵守元首的意愿。在这种情况下，意大利将向东线派遣更多部队。希特勒成功了，墨索里尼同意增派七个师，以及两个……

6 May 1942 - On Corregidor, Lt. General Jonathan M. Wainwright surrenders the last U.S. forces in the Philippines to Lt. General Masaharu Homma. About 12,000 are made prisoners. Homma will soon face criticism from his superiors over the amount of time it has taken him to reduce the Philippines, and be forced into retirement (1943).

1942 年 5 月 6 日 - 在科雷希多岛，乔纳森·M·温赖特 (Jonathan M. Wainwright) 中将向本间雅治 (Masaharu Homma) 中将投降了驻菲律宾的最后一批美军。大约有 12,000 人被俘。本间很快就会面临上级的批评，因为他花了很长时间才征服了菲律宾，并被迫退休（1943年）。

7 May 1942 - In the Coral Sea, Japanese search planes spot refueling ship USS Neosho and destroyer USS Sims, which have retired from Fletcher's Task Force 17 into what should have been safer waters to refuel Sims. They are mistaken for an aircraft carrier and a cruiser. Japanese Admiral Takagi, believing he has at last found the location of Fletcher's main force, orders a full out attack by carriers Shōkaku and Zuikaku and sin...

1942 年 5 月 7 日 - 在珊瑚海，日本搜索机发现加油船 USS Neosho 和驱逐舰 USS Sims，它们已从弗莱彻第 17 特混舰队退役，进入本应更安全的水域为 Sims 加油。它们被误认为是航空母舰和巡洋舰。日本海军上将高木相信他终于找到了弗莱彻主力的位置，下令航母翔鹤号和瑞鹤号发动全面攻击，并犯罪了……

7 May 1942 - In Burma, General Stilwell must abandon his Jeeps. From here on all in the party will have to march. The fifty-nine-year-old General decides a cadence of one hundred five beats per minute will best match the disparate abilities of his party, and they march fifty minutes and rest ten each hour.

1942 年 5 月 7 日 - 在缅甸，史迪威将军必须放弃他的吉普车。从现在开始，全党必须游行。这位五十九岁的将军认为每分钟一百五拍的节奏最适合他的队伍的不同能力，他们行军五十分钟，每小时休息十分钟。

8 May 1942 - In the Coral Sea, each side finally locates the other's main carrier groups, consisting of Japanese carriers Shōkaku and Zuikaku, and American carriers Lexington and Yorktown. Several attacks follow. Only Zuikaku escapes unscathed; Shōkaku has her flight deck bent, requiring two months' repairs; Lexington is sunk and Yorktown damaged. Fletcher retires; this action closes the Battle. While arguably a stalemate or e...

1942 年 5 月 8 日 - 在珊瑚海，双方最终找到了对方的主要航母编队，包括日本航母翔鹤号和瑞鹤号，以及美国航母列克星敦号和约克城号。随后发生了几次攻击。只有瑞鹤毫发无伤；翔鹤号的飞行甲板弯曲，需要两个月的维修时间；列克星敦号沉没，约克号号受损。弗莱彻退役；这一行动结束了战斗。虽然可以说是僵局或...

9 May 1942 - USS Wasp and HMS Eagle deliver a second contingent of Spitfires to Malta in Operation Bowery. A few days later, a grateful Churchill will signal Wasp "Who says a Wasp can't sting twice?" These aircraft, employed more aggressively than those previously delivered, turn the tide in the skies over Malta during the next few days, and the Axis is forced to abandon daylight bombing. This is a major turning point in the S...

1942 年 5 月 9 日 - 黄蜂号航空母舰和鹰号航空母舰在包厘街行动中向马耳他运送了第二支喷火式战斗机特遣队。几天后，心存感激的丘吉尔会向黄蜂发出信号：“谁说黄蜂不能蜇人两次？”这些飞机的使用比以前交付的飞机更加积极，在接下来的几天里扭转了马耳他上空的局势，轴心国被迫放弃白天轰炸。这是S的一个重大转折点...

10 May 1942 - Churchill, growing ever more frustrated with General Auchinleck's inactivity, finally sends him a telegram with a clear order; attack in time to cover for the Harpoon/Vigorous convoys to Malta during the dark of the moon in early June. This places Auchinleck in the position of complying or resigning. Auchinleck does not immediately reply, leaving Churchill, CIGS, and the War Cabinet in a state of suspense.

1942 年 5 月 10 日 - 丘吉尔对奥金莱克将军的无所作为越来越感到沮丧，最终给他发了一封带有明确命令的电报；在六月初的月黑期间及时发起攻击，掩护前往马耳他的鱼叉/活力车队。这使得奥金莱克处于要么服从，要么辞职的境地。奥金莱克没有立即回复，这让丘吉尔、CIGS 和战时内阁陷入了悬念。

12 May 1942 - Second Battle of Kharkov – In the eastern Ukraine, Soviet forces of Marshal Timoshenko's Southwest Theatre of Operations, including Gorodnyanski's 6th Army and Kharitonov's 9th Army, initiate a major offensive to capture Kharkov from the Germans. 9th Army is to attack first, with a primary objective of Krasnograd, and a secondary one of Poltava; 6th Army is to follow immediately. After 9th Army has captured Krasno...

1942 年 5 月 12 日 - 第二次哈尔科夫战役 - 在乌克兰东部，铁木辛哥元帅领导的西南战区的苏军，包括戈罗德尼扬斯基的第 6 集团军和哈里托诺夫的第 9 集团军，发起大规模攻势，从德军手中夺取哈尔科夫。第9集团军首先进攻，主要目标是克拉斯诺格勒，次要目标是波尔塔瓦；第6集团军立即跟进。第9集团军占领克拉斯诺后...

14 May 1942 - In response to the Soviet offensive in the Kharkov area, Hitler orders elements of Richthofen's Fliegerkorps VIII north to do ground support missions. As a result, by the end of the day 14 May, the Germans have established a tentative but increasing air superiority over the Kharkov sector. In addition, on this day Hitler orders General Kleist, whose command is in positions opposite and to the south of the Soviets'...

1942 年 5 月 14 日 - 为了应对苏联在哈尔科夫地区的攻势，希特勒命令里希特霍芬的第八飞行军团向北执行地面支援任务。结果，到 5 月 14 日结束时，德国人在哈尔科夫地区建立了暂时但不断增强的空中优势。此外，在这一天，希特勒命令克莱斯特将军，他的指挥部位于苏军对面和南部的位置......

17 May 1942 - For once, Adolf Hitler has not hobbled his local commander with a strict "no retreat" order, and Paulus is free to conduct an efficient delaying action. In addition, Paulus' troops are largely up to strength and fully equipped as a result of preparations for the upcoming drive to Stalingrad. In the south salient, Kharitonov's 9th Army has routed the Romanian (3rd and/or 4th Army; accounts differ) troops in his pat...

1942 年 5 月 17 日 - 这一次，阿道夫·希特勒没有用严格的“不准撤退”命令来束缚他的当地指挥官，保卢斯可以自由地进行有效的拖延行动。此外，保卢斯的部队在为即将到来的向斯大林格勒进军做准备的过程中，兵力基本充足，装备齐全。在南部突出部，哈里托诺夫的第 9 集团军已经击溃了罗马尼亚（第 3 和/或第 4 集团军；说法不同）军队。

18 May 1942 - In the salient north of Kharkov, the Soviet offensive has bogged down. In the southern salient, Kleist has launched his counter-offensive. It is immediately successful and by the end of the first day the leading elements have reached the confluence of the Oksol and Donetz rivers, greatly narrowing the base of the salient. In the process the Germans traverse and disrupt so many lines of communication that Kharitono...

1942 年 5 月 18 日 - 在哈尔科夫北部的突出地区，苏联的攻势陷入了困境。在南部突出部，克莱斯特发起了反攻。行动立即取得了成功，第一天结束时，先头部队已到达奥克索尔河和顿涅茨河的交汇处，大大缩小了突出部的底部。在此过程中，德国人穿越并破坏了如此多的通讯线路，以至于哈里托诺……

19 May 1942 - At Kharkov, Kleist 's counter-offensive continues to prosper; and now Paulus launches a second counter-attack from the north, designed to link up with Kleist's and encircle as many Soviet troops as possible. The Stavka, gradually becoming aware of the extent of the danger, orders Gorodnyanski's 6th Army to halt their advance. But by now Timoshenko is planning to extricate what forces he can before the two German s...

1942 年 5 月 19 日 - 在哈尔科夫，克莱斯特的反攻继续顺利；现在保卢斯从北方发动第二次反击，旨在与克莱斯特的部队会合并包围尽可能多的苏军。最高统帅部逐渐意识到危险的严重性，命令戈罗德尼扬斯基的第6集团军停止前进。但现在铁莫申科正计划在两个德国人面前解救他能解救的力量……

20 May 1942 - The Japanese conquest of Burma is complete; it is called a "military catastrophe". Coincidentally, on this same day General Stilwell arrives in Imphal and dismisses his evacuation party. All 114 have arrived, although some have to be hospitalized due to exhaustion; one of whom, Major Frank Merrill, later commander of Merrill's Marauders, is diagnosed to have had a mild heart attack en route.

1942 年 5 月 20 日 - 日本完成对缅甸的征服；这被称为“军事灾难”。巧合的是，就在同一天，史迪威将军抵达因帕尔并解散了他的撤离队伍。 114 人已全部抵达，但有些人因精疲力尽而不得不住院；其中一位弗兰克·梅里尔少校，后来成为梅里尔掠夺者的指挥官，在途中被诊断出患有轻度心脏病。

21 May 1942 - In discussions with Winston Churchill and Anthony Eden, Molotov continues to press Soviet demands for territorial acquisitions made during the run-up to war, including the Baltic states, Eastern Poland, and Bessarabia. Churchill cannot or will not agree to these demands, and the talks become deadlocked.

1942 年 5 月 21 日 - 在与温斯顿·丘吉尔和安东尼·艾登的讨论中，莫洛托夫继续向苏联提出在战争前夕获取领土的要求，包括波罗的海国家、波兰东部和比萨拉比亚。丘吉尔不能也不会同意这些要求，谈判陷入僵局。

23 May 1942 - At the high-level Soviet/United Kingdom talks in London, Anthony Eden suggests abandoning attempts to reach territorial understandings, and instead conclude a twenty-years' alliance. Molotov, whose diplomatic position is weakening rapidly as the Soviet military situation deteriorates at Kerch and Kharkov, expresses interest.

1942 年 5 月 23 日 - 在伦敦举行的苏联/英国高层会谈上，安东尼·艾登建议放弃达成领土谅解的尝试，转而缔结二十年联盟。随着苏联在刻赤和哈尔科夫的军事局势恶化，莫洛托夫的外交地位正在迅速削弱，他对此表示了兴趣。

26 May 1942 - Rommel begins a Spring offensive at the Gazala line (west of Tobruk). It opens with "Rommel's Moonlight Ride," a dramatic mechanized dash around 1st Free French Brigade Group positions at Bir Hakeim on the British left (desertward) flank, conducted by moonlight during the night of 26/27 May. In the process Rommel disperses 3rd Indian Motorized Brigade, some six hundred of whom are taken prisoner and then released ...

1942 年 5 月 26 日 - 隆美尔在加扎拉防线（托布鲁克以西）发起春季攻势。它以“隆美尔的月光骑行”开始，这是一场戏剧性的机械化突袭，围绕英国左翼（沙漠）侧翼比尔哈凯姆的自由法国第一旅集团阵地，于 5 月 26 日至 27 日夜间在月光下进行。在此过程中，隆美尔驱散了印度第三摩托化旅，其中约六百人被俘，然后被释放......

31 May 1942 - Rommel's offensive has stalled out well short of Tobruk, due to resistance by British 1st Armoured Division and 7th Armoured Division, partially equipped with the new American Grant tanks. He is also confronted by a long supply line, which must reach around and is under constant threat from the 1st Free French Brigade Group position at Bir Hakeim. He orders two lanes cut through the British minefields which run fr...

1942 年 5 月 31 日 - 由于英军第 1 装甲师和第 7 装甲师（部分装备了新型美国格兰特坦克）的抵抗，隆美尔的攻势在距离托布鲁克很远的地方陷入停滞。他还面临着一条很长的补给线，这条补给线必须延伸到周围，并且不断受到来自比尔哈凯姆的自由法国第一旅集团阵地的威胁。他下令开辟两条穿过英国雷区的车道，这些雷区从...

1 June 1942 - To further secure his supply lines, Rommel launches an attack on 150th Brigade of British 50th Infantry Division, whose position he has surrounded. Since he is attacking from the east against a position designed to defend against attacks from the west, and since there is scant hope of relief, there is little 150th Brigade can do and they are soon overwhelmed.

1942 年 6 月 1 日 - 为了进一步确保补给线安全，隆美尔向英国第 50 步兵师第 150 旅发起攻击，并包围了该旅的阵地。由于他是从东面攻击一个旨在防御西面进攻的阵地，而且救援希望渺茫，第150旅几乎无能为力，很快就被压垮了。

3 June 1942 - The Battle of Midway opens with ineffective attacks by land-based American B-17s on the approaching Japanese fleet. Admiral Nagumo, in charge of the Japanese carrier force (Hiryu, Soryu, Akagi, and Kaga) is unable to locate any American aircraft carriers and decides to attack Midway's land-based air defences the first thing the next morning, which in any event is one of his planned tasks.

1942 年 6 月 3 日 - 中途岛海战以美国陆基 B-17 轰炸机对逼近的日本舰队的无效攻击拉开帷幕。负责日本航母部队（飞龙号、苍龙号、赤城号和加贺号）的南云海军上将无法找到任何美国航空母舰，并决定第二天早上的第一件事就是攻击中途岛的陆基防空系统，无论如何，这都是他计划的任务之一。

4 June 1942 - A good deal of damage is done and many aircraft destroyed on both sides, but in the end the island's airbase is still functional. Nagumo plans a second attack on the island, and begins refueling and rearming his planes. Meanwhile, attacks are launched from all three American aircraft carriers in the area. Planes from USS Hornet, Yorktown, and Enterprise all find the targets, although most of the planes from Hornet...

1942 年 6 月 4 日 - 双方均遭到严重破坏，许多飞机被摧毁，但最终该岛的空军基地仍然发挥作用。南云计划对该岛进行第二次攻击，并开始为他的飞机加油和重新武装。与此同时，该地区的所有三艘美国航空母舰均发起攻击。来自大黄蜂号、约克城号和企业号的飞机都找到了目标，尽管大多数来自大黄蜂号的飞机......

4 June 1942 - Reinhard Heydrich, a key architect of the Holocaust, dies in Prague from medical complications that had arisen from injuries suffered from an attempted assassination by Czechoslovak agents one week earlier during Operation Anthropoid.

1942 年 6 月 4 日 - 大屠杀的关键策划者莱因哈德·海德里希因一周前在“类人猿行动”期间捷克斯洛伐克特工企图暗杀而受伤造成的医疗并发症在布拉格去世。

5 June 1942 - At Gazala British forces of the Eighth Army, commanded by General Ritchie, launch a major counter-attack against Rommel's forces in the Cauldron. The attack fails, partly because Rommel has already recovered his critical logistics situation and has established an excellent defensive position, but also in large part due to German anti-tank tactics; 32nd Army Tank Brigade, for example, loses 50 of 70 tanks. By early...

1942 年 6 月 5 日 - 在加扎拉，英军第八集团军在里奇将军的指挥下，对大锅区隆美尔的部队发起大规模反击。这次进攻失败，一方面是因为隆美尔已经恢复了危急的后勤状况并建立了极好的防御阵地，另一方面也有很大一部分原因是德军的反坦克战术；例如，第 32 集团军坦克旅损失了 70 辆坦克中的 50 辆。到了早...

9 June 1942 - At Bir Hakeim, Rommel renews his attacks on the 1st Free French Brigade's "box". Although the Free French continue to hold out, their perimeter, never the largest, is dangerously reduced in size, and their position becomes untenable. General Ritchie orders 1st Free French Brigade to withdraw the following day.

1942 年 6 月 9 日 - 在比尔哈凯姆，隆美尔再次攻击自由法国第一旅的“盒子”。尽管自由法国继续坚守，但他们的边界，从来都不是最大的，而是危险地缩小了，他们的地位变得站不住脚。里奇将军命令自由法国第一旅第二天撤军。

10 June 1942 - Rommel pushes the Free French forces out of Bir Hakeim, a fortress south-west of Tobruk. Although the 1st Free French brigade is largely surrounded, their commander, General Koenig, is able to find and fight his way through gaps in Rommel's widely dispersed forces.

1942 年 6 月 10 日 - 隆美尔将自由法国军队赶出托布鲁克西南的比尔哈凯姆要塞。尽管自由法国第一旅大部分被包围，但他们的指挥官科尼格将军能够在隆美尔分散的部队中找到并杀出一条路。

10 June 1942 - Nazis burn the Czech village of Lidice as reprisal for the killing of Reinhard Heydrich. All male adults and children are killed, and all females are taken off to concentration camps.

1942 年 6 月 10 日 - 纳粹烧毁了捷克利迪策村庄，作为对莱因哈德·海德里希被杀的报复。所有男性成人和儿童都被杀害，所有女性都被送往集中营。

11 June 1942 - Two convoys set out for Malta, one from Gibraltar (code named 'Harpoon') and the other from Alexandria (code named 'Vigorous'), with desperately needed supplies of food, fuel, and ammunition. The hope is that the Axis will concentrate their attacks on whichever convoy they find first, allowing the other one to get through.

1942 年 6 月 11 日 - 两支车队出发前往马耳他，一支来自直布罗陀（代号“鱼叉”），另一支来自亚历山大（代号“活力”），携带急需的食物、燃料和弹药。希望轴心国能够将攻击集中在他们首先发现的哪个车队上，从而让另一个车队通过。

12 June 1942 - At Gazala, the British are forced out of the defensive position known as 'Knightsbridge;' it is only approximately fifteen miles from the Tobruk perimeter (some sources give a date of 13 June for this; the withdrawal may have been in operation on both calendar days).

1942 年 6 月 12 日 - 在加扎拉，英国人被迫撤出被称为“骑士桥”的防御阵地；它距托布鲁克周边仅约十五英里（一些消息来源给出的日期为 6 月 13 日；撤军可能在这两个日历日都在进行）。

13 June 1942 - 'Black Saturday' for the 8th Army at the Battle of Gazala; during the course of the day Rommel does great damage to the British armour. At the end of the day not only have unsustainably large amounts of British armour been destroyed, but both 50th Division and 1st South African Division, who have largely retained their forward positions along the Gazala Line, are threatened with envelopment. The position of 50th D...

1942 年 6 月 13 日 - 加扎拉战役中第 8 集团军的“黑色星期六”；白天，隆美尔对英国装甲部队造成了巨大损害。最终，不仅大量英国装甲部队被摧毁，难以为继，而且基本上保留了加扎拉线前沿阵地的第 50 师和南非第 1 师也面临着被包围的威胁。 50号D的位置...

14 June 1942 - 1st South African Division is able to withdraw along the coastal road, but the road cannot accommodate all the troops at once, and this route is in any event is under threat of being cut by Rommel's forces; so troops including 50th Division must first breakout to the southwest, through the area occupied by Italian X Corps, and then turn east to rejoin 8th Army. This somewhat daring operation is concluded successfu...

1942年6月14日——南非第1师能够沿着沿海公路撤退，但这条公路无法同时容纳所有部队，而且这条路线无论如何都面临着被隆美尔部队切断的威胁；因此，包括第50师在内的部队必须首先向西南突围，穿过意大利第10军占领区，然后转向东面与第8集团军汇合。这次有点大胆的行动最终成功了……

14 June 1942 - The convoy 'Vigorous', en route to Malta, sights a large Italian naval squadron headed toward it. 'Harpoon' comes under attack for the first time; 'Vigorous' has been under air attack almost since leaving port.

1942 年 6 月 14 日 - “活力”号护航队在前往马耳他的途中，看到一支大型意大利海军中队正朝它驶来。 “鱼叉”首次受到攻击； “活力”号几乎从离开港口起就一直受到空袭。

16 June 1942 - Churchill, about to leave for America, takes the unusual step of sending a letter to King George VI, advising him to make Anthony Eden Prime Minister should Churchill not survive the journey.

1942 年 6 月 16 日 - 即将启程前往美国的丘吉尔采取了不同寻常的举措，他致信乔治六世国王，建议他如果丘吉尔无法在旅途中幸存，就任命安东尼·艾登为首相。

16 June 1942 - Two convoys moving toward Malta suffer heavy losses; German air forces continue to bomb the island itself. Operation Harpoon arrives in Malta, but only two of the six supply ships survive; one of them has lost part of its cargo due to mine damage. The sinking of the tanker Kentucky means that there will be precious little aviation fuel added to the dwindling RAF stocks on Malta. Late in the day, Operation Vigorous...

1942 年 6 月 16 日 - 两支前往马耳他的车队遭受重大损失；德国空军继续轰炸该岛。鱼叉行动抵达马耳他，但六艘补给舰中只有两艘幸存；其中一艘因地雷损坏而损失了部分货物。肯塔基号油轮的沉没意味着英国皇家空军在马耳他的库存不断减少，几乎没有多少航空燃料可供补充。当天晚些时候，“活力行动”...

21 June 1942 - Afrika Korps recaptures Tobruk, with 35,000 men captured; the road to Egypt is now open as the British retreat deep into Egypt. Tobruk's loss is a grievous blow to British morale. German land forces have been assisted by Luftwaffe attacks.

1942 年 6 月 21 日 - 非洲军团夺回托布鲁克，俘虏 35,000 人；随着英国人深入埃及，通往埃及的道路已经打开。托布鲁克的损失对英国士气造成严重打击。德国陆军得到了德国空军攻击的协助。

1 July 1942 - Sevastopol falls to the Germans; the end of Red Army resistance in the Crimea.

1942 年 7 月 1 日 - 塞瓦斯托波尔落入德军之手；红军在克里米亚的抵抗结束。

1 July 1942 - First Battle of El Alamein begins as Rommel begins first assault on British defences.

1942 年 7 月 1 日 - 第一次阿拉曼战役开始，隆美尔开始对英军防御发起首次攻击。

4 July 1942 - First air missions by the United States Army Air Forces in Europe.

1942 年 7 月 4 日 - 美国陆军航空队在欧洲执行首次空中任务。

11 July 1942 - 1942 Eleftherias Square roundup: Jews are rounded up and humiliated at Thessaloniki in German-occupied Greece.

1942 年 7 月 11 日 - 1942 年埃莱夫瑟里亚斯广场综述：犹太人在德占希腊的塞萨洛尼基遭到围捕和羞辱。

11 July 1942 - Rommel's forces are now stalemated before El Alamein, largely because of a lack of ammunition.

1942 年 7 月 11 日 - 隆美尔的部队现在在阿拉曼陷入僵局，主要是因为缺乏弹药。

12 July 1942 - A balloon from Operation Outward knocks out a power station near Leipzig.

1942 年 7 月 12 日 - 向外行动的气球摧毁了莱比锡附近的一座发电站。

12 July 1942 - It now becomes clear that Stalingrad is the largest challenge to the invaders.

1942 年 7 月 12 日 - 现在很明显，斯大林格勒是入侵者面临的最大挑战。

16 July 1942 - Vel' d'Hiv Roundup: On order from the Vichy France government headed by Pierre Laval, French police officers mass arrest 13,152 Jews and hold them at the Winter Velodrome before deportation to Auschwitz.

1942 年 7 月 16 日 - Vel' d'Hiv 综述：根据皮埃尔·拉瓦尔 (Pierre Laval) 领导的维希法国政府的命令，法国警察大规模逮捕了 13,152 名犹太人，并将他们关押在冬季赛车场，然后将他们驱逐到奥斯维辛集中营。

18 July 1942 - The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me 262 V3 third prototype using only its jet engines for the first time.

1942 年 7 月 18 日 - 德国人首次仅使用喷气发动机试飞梅塞施密特 Me 262 V3 第三架原型机。

19 July 1942 - Battle of the Atlantic: German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to an increasingly effective American convoy system.

1942 年 7 月 19 日 - 大西洋海战：德国海军上将卡尔·邓尼茨命令最后一批潜艇从美国大西洋沿岸阵地撤出，以应对日益有效的美国护航系统。

20 July 1942 - After landing in the Buna-Gona area, the Japanese in New Guinea move across the Owen Stanley mountain range aiming at Port Moresby in the south-eastern part of the island, close to Australia; a small Australian force begins rearguard action on the Kokoda Track.

1942 年 7 月 20 日 - 在新几内亚的布纳-戈纳地区登陆后，日军穿越欧文斯坦利山脉，瞄准该岛东南部靠近澳大利亚的莫尔兹比港；一支小型澳大利亚部队开始在科科达跑道上进行后卫行动。

22 July 1942 - The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto begins. Treblinka II, "a model" extermination camp, is opened in Poland.

1942 年 7 月 22 日 - 开始有系统地从华沙隔都驱逐犹太人。 “模范”特雷布林卡二号灭绝营在波兰设立。

23 July 1942 - Germans take Rostov-on-the-Don; the Red Army is in a general retreat along the Don River.

1942 年 7 月 23 日 - 德军占领顿河畔罗斯托夫；红军正在顿河沿岸大撤退。

26 July 1942 - A second attack by the British under Auchinleck fails against Rommel. First Battle of El Alamein may be said to be over.

1942 年 7 月 26 日 - 奥金莱克领导下的英军对隆美尔的第二次进攻失败了。第一次阿拉曼战役可以说已经结束了。

29 July 1942 - The Japanese take Kokoda, halfway along the Owen Stanley pass to Port Moresby.

1942 年 7 月 29 日 - 日本人占领了沿着欧文斯坦利山口前往莫尔兹比港的中途的科科达。

30 July 1942 - Continuing stalemate at El Alamein between Rommel and Auchinleck.

1942 年 7 月 30 日 - 隆美尔和奥金莱克在阿拉曼继续陷入僵局。

5 August 1942 - The U.S. planning team for Operation Torch, which includes George S. Patton; Jimmy Doolittle; and Hoyt S. Vandenberg, meets in Washington, D.C. to join the combined planning team from London, England. Henrik Hersch Goldschmidt aka Janusz Korczak and almost 200 children of his orphanage, along with his staff, are led to the Treblinka II death camp, and killed there that day, probably with gas.

1942 年 8 月 5 日——美国火炬行动策划团队，其中包括乔治·S·巴顿；吉米·杜利特尔；和霍伊特·S·范登堡 (Hoyt S. Vandenberg) 在华盛顿特区会面，加入来自英国伦敦的联合规划团队。 Henrik Hersch Goldschmidt（又名 Janusz Korczak）和他孤儿院的近 200 名儿童以及他的工作人员被带到特雷布林卡二号死亡营，并于当天在那里被杀害，可能是用毒气杀害的。

7 August 1942 - Operation Watchtower begins the Guadalcanal Campaign as American forces invade Gavutu, Guadalcanal, Tulagi and Tanambogo in the Solomon Islands.

1942 年 8 月 7 日 - 随着美军​​入侵所罗门群岛的加武图、瓜达尔卡纳尔岛、图拉吉岛和塔纳博戈岛，瞭望塔行动开始了瓜达尔卡纳尔岛战役。

8 August 1942 - Six of the eight German would-be saboteurs involved in Operation Pastorius are executed in Washington, D.C.

1942 年 8 月 8 日 - 参与帕斯托里斯行动的八名德国潜在破坏者中的六人在华盛顿特区被处决。

8 August 1942 - The naval Battle of Savo Island, near Guadalcanal; the Americans lose three cruisers, the Australians one.

1942 年 8 月 8 日 - 瓜达尔卡纳尔岛附近的萨沃岛海战；美国损失了三艘巡洋舰，澳大利亚损失了一艘。

13 August 1942 - General Bernard Montgomery appointed commander of the Eighth Army, which encompassed Allied ground forces in Egypt and Libya; Churchill is anxious to see more offensive action on the part of the Allies in North Africa.

1942 年 8 月 13 日 - 伯纳德·蒙哥马利将军被任命为第八集团军司令，该集团军包括驻埃及和利比亚的盟军地面部队；丘吉尔渴望看到盟军在北非采取更多进攻行动。

17 August 1942 - First US Army Air Forces B-17 heavy bomber raid in Europe, targeting the Sotteville railroad yards at Rouen, France.

1942 年 8 月 17 日 - 美国陆军航空队 B-17 重型轰炸机首次袭击欧洲，目标是法国鲁昂的索特维尔铁路站。

17 August 1942 - Raid on Makin Atoll by elements of the US Marine 2nd Raider Battalion against the Japanese garrison. The Marines are withdrawn the following day under difficult circumstances.

1942 年 8 月 17 日 - 美国海军陆战队第 2 突袭营成员突袭马金环礁，对抗日本驻军。第二天，海军陆战队在困难的情况下撤出。

19 August 1942 - Operation Jubilee, a raid by British and Canadian forces on Dieppe, France, ends in disaster; they come under heavy gunfire and eventually most are killed or captured by the German defenders.

1942 年 8 月 19 日 - 英国和加拿大军队对法国迪耶普发动的银禧行动以灾难告终；他们遭到猛烈炮火的袭击，最终大多数人被德国守军杀死或俘虏。

21 August 1942 - Japanese counter-attack at Henderson Field; in another foray at the Tenaru (or Ilu) River, many Japanese are killed in a banzai charge.

1942 年 8 月 21 日 - 日军在亨德森机场发起反击；在泰纳鲁河（或伊鲁河）的另一次突袭中，许多日本人在万岁冲锋中丧生。

22 August 1942 - Brazil declares war on the Axis countries, partly in response to numerous riots by a populace angry at the sinking of Brazilian ships.

1942 年 8 月 22 日 - 巴西向轴心国宣战，部分原因是民众对巴西船只沉没感到愤怒，引发了多次骚乱。

22 August 1942 - Massacre of Jews at Stanislau, Poland (later Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine): in what the Nazi authorities describe as a "reprisal action", 1,000 Jews are shot, including women and girls who are raped beforehand at Gestapo headquarters; the head of the Judenrat (Mordechai Goldstein) is hanged publicly, along with 20 members of the Jewish police.

1942 年 8 月 22 日 - 波兰斯坦尼斯劳（后来的乌克兰伊万诺-弗兰科夫斯克）犹太人大屠杀：纳粹当局称这是一次“报复行动”，1,000 名犹太人被枪杀，其中包括事先在盖世太保总部被强奸的妇女和女孩；犹太委员会主席（莫迪凯·戈尔茨坦）与 20 名犹太警察成员一起被公开绞死。

24 August 1942 - The naval battle of the Eastern Solomons; USS Enterprise is badly damaged and the Japanese lose one light carrier, Ryujo.

1942 年 8 月 24 日 - 所罗门群岛东部海战；企业号航空母舰严重受损，日本失去一艘轻型航空母舰龙城号。

26 August 1942 - Battle of Milne Bay begins: Japanese forces land and launch a full-scale assault on an Australian base near the eastern tip of New Guinea.

1942 年 8 月 26 日 - 米尔恩湾战役开始：日军登陆并对新几内亚东端附近的澳大利亚基地发动全面攻击。

27 August 1942 - Marshal Georgii Zhukov is appointed to the command of the Stalingrad defence; the Luftwaffe is now delivering heavy strikes on the city.

1942 年 8 月 27 日 - 格奥尔基·朱可夫元帅被任命为斯大林格勒防御司令；德国空军现在正在对这座城市进行猛烈攻击。

30 August 1942 - The Battle of Alam Halfa, a few miles south of El Alamein begins. This will be Rommel's last attempt to break through the Allied lines in Egypt; the air superiority of the Desert Air Force will play a significant role for the Allies.

1942 年 8 月 30 日 - 阿拉姆哈勒法战役在阿拉曼以南几英里处打响。这将是隆美尔最后一次尝试突破盟军在埃及的防线。沙漠空军的空中优势将对盟军发挥重要作用。

30 August 1942 - In German-occupied Luxembourg, the civil occupation administration, in place since 1940, is abolished and the country annexed into Nazi Germany.

1942 年 8 月 30 日 - 在德国占领的卢森堡，自 1940 年起设立的民事占领管理局被废除，该国并入纳粹德国。

1 September 1942 - US Navy Construction Battalion personnel, Seabees, began to arrive at Guadalcanal.

1942 年 9 月 1 日 - 美国海军建设营人员 S​​eabees 开始抵达瓜达尔卡纳尔岛。

3 September 1942 - The Battle of Stalingrad proper may be said to have begun on this date, with German troops in the suburbs; even civilian men and boys are conscripted by the Red Army to assist in the defence.

1942 年 9 月 3 日 - 斯大林格勒战役可以说是在这一天开始的，德军在郊区；甚至平民男子和男孩也被红军征召入伍协助防御。

4 September 1942 - Chief of State of Vichy France Philippe Pétain and Prime Minister Pierre Laval create what will become the Service du travail obligatoire (STO).

1942 年 9 月 4 日 - 维希法国国家元首菲利普·贝当 (Philippe Pétain) 和总理皮埃尔·拉瓦尔 (Pierre Laval) 创建了后来的 Service du travail obligatoire (STO)。

4 September 1942 - Manhattan Engineering District is formally created, full-effort development of the atomic bomb and production of nuclear fuels is begun.

1942 年 9 月 4 日 - 曼哈顿工程区正式成立，开始全力开发原子弹和生产核燃料。

5 September 1942 - Australian and U.S. forces defeat Japanese forces at Milne Bay, Papua, the first outright defeat for Japanese land forces in the Pacific War. Their evacuation and the failure to establish an airbase eases the threat to Australia.

1942 年 9 月 5 日 - 澳大利亚和美国军队在巴布亚米尔恩湾击败日本军队，这是日本陆军在太平洋战争中的第一次彻底失败。他们的撤离和未能建立空军基地减轻了对澳大利亚的威胁。

12 September 1942 - RMS Laconia, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers, and Italian POWs, is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks.

1942 年 9 月 12 日 - 载有平民、盟军士兵和意大利战俘的皇家邮轮拉科尼亚号在西非海岸被鱼雷击沉。

12 September 1942 - SS commander Brandt orders 3,000–4,000 Stanislau Jews deported to the Belzec death camp on Rosh Hashana, the Jewish New Year holiday, and they were killed there that day.

1942 年 9 月 12 日 - 党卫军指挥官勃兰特在犹太新年假期那天下令将 3,000-4,000 名斯坦尼斯劳犹太人驱逐到贝尔热克死亡营，他们当天就在那里被杀害。

12 September 1942 - 12–14: American troops push back the Japanese in the Battle of Edson's Ridge.

1942 年 9 月 12 日 - 12 日至 14 日：美国军队在埃德森岭战役中击退日军。

13 September 1942 - The Battle for Stalingrad continues; it is now totally surrounded by the Germans. On the Soviet Union side General Vasily Chuikov is put in charge of the defence.

1942 年 9 月 13 日 - 斯大林格勒战役仍在继续；它现在完全被德国人包围了。苏联方面，瓦西里·崔可夫将军负责防守。

14 September 1942 - The Japanese are now within 30 miles of Port Moresby, New Guinea, on the Kokoda trail.

1942 年 9 月 14 日 - 日本人现在在科科达小道上距新几内亚莫尔兹比港不到 30 英里。

15 September 1942 - Americans send troops to Port Moresby as reinforcements for the Australian defenders.

1942 年 9 月 15 日 - 美国派遣军队前往莫尔兹比港增援澳大利亚守军。

18 September 1942 - Battle of the "grain silo" in Stalingrad; the Germans are beaten back. The Red Army begins ferrying troops across the Volga at night.

1942 年 9 月 18 日 - 斯大林格勒“粮仓”之战；德国人被击退。红军开始在夜间运送部队渡过伏尔加河。

20 September 1942 - The Greek Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths blows up the offices of the pro-Nazi National-Socialist Patriotic Organisation in central Athens, thwarting attempts to raise a Greek volunteer legion for the Eastern Front.

1942 年 9 月 20 日 - 希腊泛希腊战斗青年联盟炸毁了位于雅典市中心的亲纳粹国家社会主义爱国组织的办公室，挫败了为东线组建希腊志愿军团的企图。

23 September 1942 - 23–27: In the Third Battle of Matanikau River, Guadalcanal, Japanese naval bombardment and landing forces nearly destroy Henderson Field in an attempt to take it, but the land forces are soon driven back.

1942 年 9 月 23 日 - 23-27：在第三次瓜达尔卡纳尔岛马塔尼考河战役中，日本海军炮击和登陆部队几乎摧毁了亨德森机场，试图占领该机场，但陆军很快被击退。

28 September 1942 - The Japanese continue their retreat back down the Kokoda Track in New Guinea.

1942 年 9 月 28 日 - 日军继续沿着新几内亚的科科达步道撤退。

30 September 1942 - The Eagle Squadron (American volunteers in the RAF) are officially transferred to the US Army Air Force.

1942 年 9 月 30 日 - 老鹰中队（英国皇家空军的美国志愿者）正式移交给美国陆军空军。

3 October 1942 - First successful launch of A4-rocket at Peenemünde, Germany. The rocket flies 147 kilometres wide and reaches a height of 84.5 kilometres and is therefore the first man-made object reaching space.

1942 年 10 月 3 日 - A4 火箭在德国佩内明德首次成功发射。该火箭飞行宽度为147公里，高度为84.5公里，因此是第一个到达太空的人造物体。

6 October 1942 - By mutual arrangement, the Allies agree on a strategy whereby Americans will bomb in the daytime and the RAF at night.

1942 年 10 月 6 日 - 通过共同安排，盟军商定了一项战略，即美国人将在白天进行轰炸，英国皇家空军将在夜间进行轰炸。

11 October 1942 - On the Northwest coast of Guadalcanal, United States Navy ships intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island. With the help of radar they sink one cruiser and several Japanese destroyers.

1942 年 10 月 11 日 - 在瓜达尔卡纳尔岛西北海岸，美国海军舰艇拦截并击败了一支前往岛上增援部队的日本舰队。在雷达的帮助下，他们击沉了一艘巡洋舰和几艘日本驱逐舰。

12 October 1942 - The Red Army methods of ferrying troops across the Volga and into Stalingrad directly seems to be a success, as the German advance comes to a halt.

1942 年 10 月 12 日 - 随着德军的前进停止，红军运送部队渡过伏尔加河直接进入斯大林格勒的方法似乎取得了成功。

12 October 1942 - The US 100th Infantry Battalion, a force of over 1,400 predominantly Nisei became active.

1942 年 10 月 12 日 - 美国第 100 步兵营开始活跃，该营拥有超过 1,400 人，主要成员是尼塞伊 (Nisei)。

18 October 1942 - Admiral William "Bull" Halsey is given command of the South Pacific naval forces.

1942 年 10 月 18 日 - 海军上将威廉·“公牛”·哈尔西受命指挥南太平洋海军部队。

18 October 1942 - Hitler issues Commando Order, ordering all captured commandos to be executed immediately.

1942 年 10 月 18 日 - 希特勒发布突击队命令，命令立即处决所有被俘的突击队员。

22 October 1942 - British bombers target Genoa, Italy, destroying the airport and hitting the city center, residential areas, hospitals and churches.

1942 年 10 月 22 日 - 英国轰炸机以意大利热那亚为目标，摧毁了机场并袭击了市中心、居民区、医院和教堂。

22 October 1942 - American General Mark Clark secretly lands in Algeria to confer with Vichy officials and Resistance groups in preparation for impending Allied invasion.

1942 年 10 月 22 日 - 美国将军马克·克拉克秘密登陆阿尔及利亚，与维希政府官员和抵抗组织协商，为即将到来的盟军入侵做好准备。

23 October 1942 - Second Battle of El Alamein begins with massive Allied bombardment of German positions. Then Australian forces, mainly, begin advance while offshore British naval forces support the right flank (n.b. the ongoing concurrent victories being prepared at Guadalcanal and Stalingrad).

1942 年 10 月 23 日 - 第二次阿拉曼战役以盟军对德军阵地的大规模轰炸开始。然后，澳大利亚军队主要开始推进，而近海的英国海军则支援右翼（注意正在准备在瓜达尔卡纳尔岛和斯大林格勒同时取得胜利）。

24 October 1942 - US Navy Task Force 34, consisting of aircraft carriers, a variety of support ships, including troop ships and other vessels, set sail from Hampton Roads, Virginia with Patton's forces for Operation Torch, the landing in North Africa. The other two task forces of Operation Torch, the first American-led force to fight in the European and African theatres of war, depart Britain for Morocco.

1942 年 10 月 24 日 - 美国海军第 34 特遣部队由航空母舰、各种支援舰（包括运兵船和其他船只）组成，与巴顿的部队一起从弗吉尼亚州汉普顿路起航，执行火炬行动，在北非登陆。 “火炬行动”的另外两支特遣部队是第一支由美国领导的在欧洲和非洲战区作战的部队，从英国出发前往摩洛哥。

24 October 1942 - Crisis at El Alamein: British tanks survive German 88 mm fire; Montgomery orders the advance to continue despite losses.

1942 年 10 月 24 日 - 阿拉曼危机：英国坦克在德军 88 毫米炮火中幸存；蒙哥马利命令尽管遭受损失，仍要继续推进。

25 October 1942 - Rommel hurriedly returns from his sickbed in Germany to take charge of the African battle. (His replacement, General Stumme, had died of a heart attack).

1942年10月25日——隆美尔从德国病床上匆匆归来，负责非洲战役。 （他的继任者斯塔姆将军因心脏病去世）。

26 October 1942 - The naval Battle of Santa Cruz. The Japanese lose many aircraft and have two aircraft carriers severely damaged. USS Hornet is sunk and USS Enterprise is damaged.

1942 年 10 月 26 日 - 圣克鲁斯海战。日本损失了大量飞机，两艘航空母舰严重受损。 “大黄蜂”号航空母舰被击沉，“企业”号航空母舰受损。

29 October 1942 - In the United Kingdom, leading clergymen and political figures hold a public meeting to register outrage over Nazi Germany 's persecution of Jews.

1942 年 10 月 29 日 - 在英国，主要神职人员和政治人物举行公开会议，对纳粹德国迫害犹太人表示愤慨。

31 October 1942 - The British make a critical breakthrough with tanks west of El Alamein; Rommel's mine fields fail to stop the Allied armour.

1942 年 10 月 31 日 - 英国人在阿拉曼以西的坦克取得重大突破；隆美尔的雷区未能阻止盟军装甲部队。

5 November 1942 - German III Panzer Corps and Romanian 2nd Mountain Division capture the town of Alagir, which is the furthest south the Axis would reach on the Eastern Front. [ self-published source? ]

1942 年 11 月 5 日 - 德国第三装甲军和罗马尼亚第二山地师占领阿拉吉尔镇，这是轴心国在东线所能到达的最南端。 [自行发布的源码？ ]

8 November 1942 - French resistance coup in Algiers, consisting of about 400 fighters neutralise the Vichyist XIXth Army Corps and the Vichyist generals (Juin, Darlan, etc.), contributing significantly to the immediate success of the operation.

1942 年 11 月 8 日 - 由约 400 名战士组成的法国抵抗运动在阿尔及尔发动政变，压制了维希主义第十九军团和维希主义将军（Juin、Darlan 等），为行动的直接成功做出了重大贡献。

10 November 1942 - In violation of a 1940 armistice, Germany invades Vichy France; they are responding to the fact that French Admiral François Darlan has signed an armistice with the Allies in North Africa.

1942 年 11 月 10 日 - 德国违反 1940 年停战协定，入侵维希法国；他们是对法国海军上将弗朗索瓦·达尔朗与北非盟军签署停战协定这一事实做出的回应。

10 November 1942 - Churchill speaks: "This is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning."

1942 年 11 月 10 日 - 丘吉尔说道：“这不是结束。这甚至不是结束的开始。但这也许是开始的结束。”

10 November 1942 - Oran, Algeria falls to US troops; 17 French ships are sunk at Oran, causing a rift between the French and the Allies. There are more Allied landings near the Tunisian border.

1942 年 11 月 10 日 - 阿尔及利亚奥兰落入美军手中； 17 艘法国船只在奥兰沉没，造成法国与盟军之间的裂痕。盟军在突尼斯边境附近登陆次数增多。

10 November 1942 - Montgomery begins a major British offensive beginning at Sollum on the Libya/Egypt border. The British reach Bardia on the 11th, Tobruk on the 12th, and Benghazi on the 18th.

1942 年 11 月 10 日 - 蒙哥马利从利比亚/埃及边境的索勒姆开始发起大规模英军攻势。英军于11日到达巴迪亚，12日到达托布鲁克，18日到达班加西。

13 November 1942 - Battle of Guadalcanal: aviators from USS Enterprise sink the Japanese battleship Hiei. Notably, USS Juneau is sunk with much of its crew, including the five Sullivan brothers.

1942 年 11 月 13 日 - 瓜达尔卡纳尔岛海战：企业号航空母舰的飞行员击沉了日本战列舰比睿号。值得注意的是，朱诺号航空母舰及其大部分船员都被沉没，其中包括沙利文五兄弟。

14 November 1942 - USS Washington attacks the Japanese battleship Kirishima; the Japanese ship would capsize at 03:25 on the morning of 15 November.

1942 年 11 月 14 日 - 美国华盛顿号攻击日本战列舰雾岛号；这艘日本船将于11月15日凌晨03点25分倾覆。

15 November 1942 - The naval battle of Guadalcanal ends. Although the United States Navy suffers heavy losses, it still retains control of the sea around Guadalcanal.

1942 年 11 月 15 日 - 瓜岛海战结束。美国海军虽然损失惨重，但仍然保住了瓜达尔卡纳尔岛周边海域的控制权。

19 November 1942 - At Stalingrad the Soviet Union forces under General Georgy Zhukov launch Operation Uranus aimed at encircling the Germans in the city and thus turning the tide of battle in the USSR's favor.

1942 年 11 月 19 日 - 在斯大林格勒，格奥尔基·朱可夫将军指挥的苏联军队发起了天王星行动，旨在包围该市的德军，从而扭转战局，对苏联有利。

22 November 1942 - Battle of Stalingrad: The situation for the German attackers of Stalingrad seems desperate during the Soviet counter-attack; General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German 6th Army is surrounded.

1942 年 11 月 22 日 - 斯大林格勒战役：在苏联的反击中，斯大林格勒的德军进攻形势似乎十分危急；弗里德里希·保卢斯将军给阿道夫·希特勒发了一封电报，称德国第6集团军已被包围。

23 November 1942 - "Der Kessel"-- the Cauldron, a description of the heavy fighting at Stalingrad; Hitler orders General Paulus not to retreat, at any cost.

1942 年 11 月 23 日 - “Der Kessel”——大锅，描述了斯大林格勒的激烈战斗；希特勒命令保卢斯将军不惜一切代价不要撤退。

25 November 1942 - Operation Harling: a team of British SOE agents, together with over 200 Greek guerrillas from both ELAS and EDES groups, blow up the Gorgopotamos railway bridge, in one of the war's biggest sabotage acts.

1942 年 11 月 25 日 - 哈林行动：一队英国 SOE 特工与来自 ELAS 和 EDES 团体的 200 多名希腊游击队一起炸毁了 Gorgopotamos 铁路桥，这是战争中最大的破坏行为之一。

26 November 1942 - Hostilities erupt between the American and Australian soldiers in Brisbane. Fighting breaks out which results in fatalities, it is dubbed the Battle of Brisbane.

1942 年 11 月 26 日 - 美国和澳大利亚士兵在布里斯班爆发敌对行动。战斗爆发，导致人员伤亡，这被称为布里斯班之战。

27 November 1942 - At Toulon, the French navy scuttles its ships (most notably Dunkerque and Strasbourg) and submarines to keep them out of German hands; the French have declined another option – to join the Allied fleets in North African waters.

1942 年 11 月 27 日 - 在土伦，法国海军凿沉了其船只（最著名的是敦刻尔克号和斯特拉斯堡号）和潜艇，以防止它们落入德国人手中；法国拒绝了另一个选择——加入北非水域的盟军舰队。

30 November 1942 - The naval Battle of Tassafaronga (off Guadalcanal); this is a night action in which Japanese naval forces sink one American cruiser and damage three others.

1942 年 11 月 30 日 - 塔萨法龙加海战（瓜达尔卡纳尔岛附近）；这是一次夜间行动，日本海军击沉一艘美国巡洋舰并损坏另外三艘。

1 December 1942 - The US cruiser Northampton is sunk as Japanese destroyers attempt to come down "the Slot" to Guadalcanal.

1942 年 12 月 1 日 - 当日本驱逐舰试图沿着“狭缝”驶向瓜达尔卡纳尔岛时，美国巡洋舰北安普顿号被击沉。

1 December 1942 - Publication of the Beveridge Report in the United Kingdom on the post-war nature of social welfare

1942 年 12 月 1 日 - 英国发布关于战后社会福利性质的贝弗里奇报告

2 December 1942 - Heavy fighting in Tunisia, as German forces are pushed into the final North African corner.

1942 年 12 月 2 日 - 突尼斯发生激烈战斗，德军被逼入北非最后的角落。

2 December 1942 - Below the bleachers of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, a team led by Enrico Fermi initiates the first nuclear chain reaction. A coded message, "The Italian navigator has landed in the new world" is sent to President Roosevelt.

1942 年 12 月 2 日 - 在芝加哥大学斯塔格球场的看台下方，由恩里科·费米 (Enrico Fermi) 领导的团队引发了第一次核链式反应。一条密码信息“意大利航海家已登陆新世界”被发送给罗斯福总统。

7 December 1942 - On the anniversary of the Pearl Harbor attack, USS New Jersey, America's largest battleship is launched (commissioned five months later).

1942 年 12 月 7 日 - 在珍珠港袭击周年纪念日，美国最大的战列舰新泽西号下水（五个月后服役）。

7 December 1942 - British commandos conduct Operation Frankton a raid on shipping in Bordeaux harbour.

1942 年 12 月 7 日 - 英国突击队实施弗兰克顿行动，对波尔多港的航运进行突袭。

12 December 1942 - Rommel abandons El Agheila and retreats to Tripoli; the final stand will be at the Mareth line in southern Tunisia.

1942 年 12 月 12 日 - 隆美尔放弃阿格海拉并撤退到的黎波里；最终看台位于突尼斯南部的马雷斯线。

12 December 1942 - In a large operation named " Operation Winter Storm ", the Germans attempt to break through to forces trapped in Stalingrad.

1942 年 12 月 12 日 - 在一次名为“冬季风暴行动”的大型行动中，德军试图突破被困在斯大林格勒的部队。

17 December 1942 - Allied powers issue the Joint Declaration by Members of the United Nations which is the first declaration to condemn the Holocaust in German-occupied Europe in response to the first official report from the Polish government-in-exile on 10 December.

1942 年 12 月 17 日 - 盟国发表《联合国会员国联合声明》，这是针对波兰流亡政府 12 月 10 日第一份官方报告谴责德占欧洲大屠杀的第一份声明。

22 December 1942 - The battle for "Longstop Hill" begins; a key position outside Tunis, the Germans eventually take it and hold it until April.

1942 年 12 月 22 日 - “朗斯托普山”之战打响；德国人最终占领了突尼斯郊外的一个关键阵地，并一直坚守到四月。

22 December 1942 - The remainder of the United States 1st Armored Division arrived at North Africa for Operation Husky.

1942 年 12 月 22 日 - 美国第一装甲师的剩余部队抵达北非，执行哈士奇行动。

24 December 1942 - The United States reorganizes its Combat Arms Regiments with their Organic Battalions into Separate Groups and Battalions.

1942 年 12 月 24 日 - 美国将其作战兵团及其建制营重组为独立的团和营。

24 December 1942 - French Admiral Darlan, the former Vichy leader who had switched over to the Allies following the Torch landings, is assassinated in Algiers.

1942 年 12 月 24 日 - 法国前维希领导人达尔兰海军上将在火炬登陆后转投盟军，在阿尔及尔被暗杀。

28 December 1942 - The governor of pro-Vichy French Somaliland surrenders to invading British and Free French forces.

1942 年 12 月 28 日 - 亲维希政府的法属索马里兰总督向入侵的英国和自由法国军队投降。

31 December 1942 - In the Battle of the Barents Sea, the British win a strategic victory, leading Hitler to largely abandon the use of surface raiders in favor of U-boats.

1942 年 12 月 31 日 - 在巴伦支海海战中，英国取得战略胜利，导致希特勒基本上放弃使用水面袭击舰，转而使用 U 型潜艇。

31 December 1942 - As the year draws to a close, things look much brighter for the Allies than they did a few months ago: Rommel is trapped in Tunisia, the Germans are encircled at Stalingrad, and the Japanese appear ready to abandon Guadalcanal.

1942 年 12 月 31 日 - 随着这一年的临近，盟军的情况看起来比几个月前要光明得多：隆美尔被困在突尼斯，德国人被包围在斯大林格勒，而日本人似乎准备放弃瓜达尔卡纳尔岛。

1943 in brief - Stalingrad surrendered in early February, the Kursk bulge became the greatest armour battle in history in July, and Allied landings took Sicily and then Italy, whose government surrendered that September. The Atlantic turned for good and the Tehran conference fixed the Grand Alliance strategy.

1943 年简述 - 斯大林格勒于 2 月初投降，库尔斯克突出部于 7 月成为历史上最大规模的装甲战，盟军登陆西西里岛，然后是意大利，意大利政府于当年 9 月投降。大西洋形势好转，德黑兰会议确定了大联盟战略。

1 January 1943 - German 1st Panzer Division withdraws from the Terek River area in southern Russia to prevent encirclement.

1943 年 1 月 1 日 - 德国第 1 装甲师从俄罗斯南部捷列克河地区撤出，以防止被包围。

5 January 1943 - Eighteen countries issue a declaration in London stating their determination to "combat and defeat the plundering by the enemy Powers of the territories which have been overrun or brought under enemy control" and to take measures to restore property after the war.

1943 年 1 月 5 日 - 十八个国家在伦敦发表声明，表示决心“打击和击败敌方列强对被占领或置于敌方控制之下的领土的掠夺”，并采取措施在战后恢复财产。

10 January 1943 - Soviet troops launch an all-out offensive attack on Stalingrad; they also renew attacks in the north (Leningrad) and in the Caucasus.

1943年1月10日——苏联军队对斯大林格勒发动全面进攻；他们还重新袭击北部（列宁格勒）和高加索地区。

14 January 1943 - The Casablanca Conference of Allied leaders begins. Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt discuss the eventual invasion of mainland Europe, the impending invasion of Sicily and Italy, and the wisdom of the principle of "unconditional surrender".

1943 年 1 月 14 日 - 盟军领导人卡萨布兰卡会议开幕。温斯顿·丘吉尔和富兰克林·罗斯福讨论了最终入侵欧洲大陆、即将入侵西西里岛和意大利，以及“无条件投降”原则的智慧。

16 January 1943 - Iraq declares war on the Axis powers. The Royal Air Force begins a two-night bombing of Berlin.

1943 年 1 月 16 日 - 伊拉克向轴心国宣战。皇家空军开始对柏林进行为期两晚的轰炸。

18 January 1943 - The Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto rise up for the first time, starting the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Besieged defenders of Leningrad link up with relieving forces.

1943 年 1 月 18 日 - 华沙​​隔都的犹太人第一次起义，发动了华沙隔都起义。被围困的列宁格勒守军与救援部队会合。

19 January 1943 - General Georgy Zhukov is promoted to Marshal as the Stalingrad struggle grinds to a close.

1943 年 1 月 19 日 - 随着斯大林格勒斗争接近尾声，格奥尔基·朱可夫将军晋升为元帅。

20 January 1943 - USS Silversides attacks a Japanese convoy 286 miles from Truk, Caroline Islands en route to the Solomon Islands, sinking transport Meiu Maru and damaging Surabaya Maru.

1943 年 1 月 20 日 - 银边号航空母舰在距离加罗林群岛特鲁克 286 英里前往所罗门群岛途中袭击了一支日本护航船队，击沉了运输船 Meiu Maru 并损坏了 Surabaya Maru。

21 January 1943 - Last airfield at Stalingrad is taken by Red Army forces, ensuring that the Luftwaffe will be unable to supply German troops any further; Hitler demands that Friedrich Paulus continue fighting and promotes Paulus to Field Marshal in order to bolster morale. Red Army armies have more victories in the Caucasus.

1943 年 1 月 21 日 - 斯大林格勒的最后一个机场被红军占领，确保德国空军无法进一步向德军提供补给；希特勒要求弗里德里希·保卢斯继续战斗，并晋升保卢斯为陆军元帅，以鼓舞士气。红军军队在高加索地区取得了更多的胜利。

23 January 1943 - British capture Tripoli, Libya. Japanese continue their fight in western Guadalcanal; although facing setbacks in Papua, they resolve to continue the fight and to attempt sporadic air attacks on Allied forces in the region New Guinea campaign.

1943 年 1 月 23 日 - 英国占领利比亚的黎波里。日本人继续在瓜达尔卡纳尔岛西部作战；尽管在巴布亚遭遇挫折，但他们决心继续战斗，并尝试对新几内亚地区战役中的盟军进行零星空袭。

24 January 1943 - The Casablanca Conference ends; Allies insist on unconditional surrender from Germany. German forces in Stalingrad are in the last phases of collapse.

1943 年 1 月 24 日——卡萨布兰卡会议结束；盟国坚持要求德国无条件投降。斯大林格勒的德军正处于崩溃的最后阶段。

27 January 1943 - 50 bombers mount the first all American air raid against Germany. Wilhelmshaven, the large naval base, is the primary target.

1943 年 1 月 27 日 - 50 架轰炸机对德国进行首次全美国空袭。大型海军基地威廉港是主要目标。

28 January 1943 - A new conscription law in Germany: men between 16 and 65 and women between 17 and 50 are open to mobilization. Georgy Zhukov awarded the first Order of Suvorov 1st Class.

1943 年 1 月 28 日 - 德国新的征兵法：16 岁至 65 岁之间的男性和 17 岁至 50 岁之间的女性可以征召入伍。格奥尔吉·朱可夫荣获一级苏沃洛夫勋章。

29 January 1943 - The naval battle of Rennell Island, near Guadalcanal, begins. The Japanese beat the Americans and the USS Chicago is lost.

1943 年 1 月 29 日 - 瓜达尔卡纳尔岛附近的伦内尔岛海战开始。日本人击败了美国人，芝加哥号航空母舰则失利了。

30 January 1943 - The last Japanese have cleared out of Guadalcanal undetected by U.S. forces. On the tenth anniversary of his rise to power, Hitler makes a speech in which he promotes General Paulus to Field Marshal. This includes a reminder that no German field marshal has ever surrendered or been captured.

1943 年 1 月 30 日 - 最后一批日本人在未被美军发现的情况下撤离瓜达尔卡纳尔岛。在上台十周年之际，希特勒发表讲话，晋升保卢斯将军为陆军元帅。这包括提醒人们，没有任何德国陆军元帅投降或被俘。

31 January 1943 - Friedrich Paulus (Generalfeldmarschall in command of the German 6th Army) and his staff surrender to Soviet troops in Stalingrad, the first time a German Field Marshal is lost to surrender and thus captured by the enemy.

1943 年 1 月 31 日 - 弗里德里希·保卢斯（指挥德国第 6 集团军的元帅）及其参谋在斯大林格勒向苏联军队投降，这是德国陆军元帅首次因投降而被敌人俘虏。

2 February 1943 - In the Soviet Union, the Battle of Stalingrad comes to an end with the official surrender of the German 6th Army. The German public is informed of this disaster, marking the first time the Nazi government has acknowledged a failure in the war effort. Rommel retreats farther into Tunisia, establishing his troops at the Mareth Line. Within two days, Allied troops move into Tunisia for the first time from the South.

1943 年 2 月 2 日 - 在苏联，斯大林格勒战役随着德国第 6 集团军正式投降而结束。德国公众获悉这场灾难，这标志着纳粹政府首次承认战争努力的失败。隆美尔进一步撤退到突尼斯境内，并在马雷斯防线建立了军队。两天之内，盟军首次从南部进入突尼斯。

5 February 1943 - The Allies now have all of Libya under their control.

1943 年 2 月 5 日 - 盟军现已控制整个利比亚。

7 February 1943 - In the United States, it is announced that shoe rationing will go into effect in two days.

1943 年 2 月 7 日 - 美国宣布鞋子配给将在两天后生效。

8 February 1943 - The Chindits (a "long range penetration group") under British General Orde Wingate begin an incursion into Burma. United States' VI Corps arrives in North Africa.

1943 年 2 月 8 日 - 英国将军奥德·温盖特 (Orde Wingate) 领导下的 Chindits（“远程渗透组织”）开始入侵缅甸。美国第六军团抵达北非。

9 February 1943 - Guadalcanal is finally secured; it is the first major achievement of the American offensive in the Pacific war. Munich and Vienna are heavily bombed, along with Berlin.

1943 年 2 月 9 日 - 瓜达尔卡纳尔岛终于安全；这是美国在太平洋战争中进攻的第一个重大成就。慕尼黑、维也纳以及柏林都遭到严重轰炸。

11 February 1943 - U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower is selected to command the Allied armies in Europe.

1943 年 2 月 11 日 - 美国将军德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔被选为欧洲盟军司令。

13 February 1943 - Rommel launches a counter-attack against the Americans in western Tunisia; he takes Sidi Bouzid and Gafsa. The Battle of the Kasserine Pass begins: inexperienced American troops are soon forced to retreat.

1943 年 2 月 13 日 - 隆美尔在突尼斯西部对美军发动反击；他带走了西迪·布齐德和加夫萨。卡塞林山口战役开始：缺乏经验的美军很快被迫撤退。

14 February 1943 - Rostov-on-Don is liberated by the Red Army.

1943 年 2 月 14 日 - 顿河畔罗斯托夫被红军解放。

16 February 1943 - Soviet Union reconquers Kharkov, but is later driven out in the Third Battle of Kharkov. Prime Minister of Vichy France Pierre Laval and Minister of Justice Joseph Barthélemy formally create the Service du travail obligatoire (STO)

1943 年 2 月 16 日 - 苏联重新征服哈尔科夫，但后来在第三次哈尔科夫战役中被赶出。维希法国总理皮埃尔·拉瓦尔 (Pierre Laval) 和司法部长约瑟夫·巴泰勒米 (Joseph Barthélemy) 正式创建 Service du travail obligatoire (STO)

18 February 1943 - In a speech at the Berlin Sportpalast German propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels declares a " Total War " against the Allies; the Nazis arrest the members of the White Rose movement, an anti-Nazi youth group. Chindits under Wingate cut the railway line between Mandalay and Myitkyina.

1943 年 2 月 18 日 - 德国宣传部长约瑟夫·戈培尔在柏林体育宫发表讲话，宣布对盟军发动“全面战争”；纳粹逮捕了反纳粹青年组织白玫瑰运动的成员。温盖特领导下的钦迪茨切断了曼德勒和密支那之间的铁路线。

21 February 1943 - Americans take the Russell Islands, part of the Solomons chain.

1943 年 2 月 21 日 - 美国占领所罗门群岛的拉塞尔群岛。

22 February 1943 - Hans and Sophie Scholl of the White Rose movement are executed.

1943 年 2 月 22 日 - 白玫瑰运动的汉斯·肖尔和索菲·肖尔被处决。

22 February 1943 - Japanese POWs refuse to work at Featherston prisoner of war camp; this escalates into a deadly clash between the inmates and the guards.

1943 年 2 月 22 日 - 日本战俘拒绝在费瑟斯顿战俘营工作；这升级为囚犯和看守之间的致命冲突。

28 February 1943 - Operation Gunnerside: six Norwegians led by Joachim Rønneberg successfully attack the heavy water plant Vemork.

1943 年 2 月 28 日 - Gunnerside 行动：Joachim Rønneberg 率领的六名挪威人成功袭击了 Vemork 重水厂。

1 March 1943 - Heinz Guderian becomes the Inspector-General of the Armoured Troops for the German Army.

1943 年 3 月 1 日 - 海因茨·古德里安 (Heinz Guderian) 就任德国陆军装甲部队总监。

2 March 1943 - Battle of the Bismarck Sea. U.S. and Australian naval forces, over the course of three days, sink eight Japanese troop transports near New Guinea. Wingate's Chindits continue their localised strikes in Burma.

1943 年 3 月 2 日 - 俾斯麦海海战。美国和澳大利亚海军在三天内击沉了新几内亚附近的八艘日本运兵船。温盖特的钦迪特人继续在缅甸进行局部罢工。

5 March 1943 - German advances around Kharkov threaten earlier Red Army gains. Essen is bombed, marking the beginning of a four-month attack on the Ruhr industrial area, the Battle of the Ruhr.

1943 年 3 月 5 日 - 德军在哈尔科夫周围的推进威胁到了红军先前取得的成果。埃森遭到轰炸，标志着对鲁尔工业区长达四个月的攻击——鲁尔河战役的开始。

6 March 1943 - Battle of Medenine, Tunisia. It is Rommel's last battle in Africa as he is forced to retreat.

1943 年 3 月 6 日 - 突尼斯梅德宁战役。这是隆美尔在非洲的最后一场战斗，他被迫撤退。

8 March 1943 - Continuing German counter-attacks around Kharkov. Nuremberg is heavily bombed.

1943 年 3 月 8 日 - 德军在哈尔科夫周围持续发动反攻。纽伦堡遭到严重轰炸。

9 March 1943 - Members of the Calcutta Light Horse carry out a covert attack against a German merchantship, which had been transmitting Allied positions to U-boats from the Mormugao Harbour in neutral Portugal's protectorate, the Indian territory of Goa. Munich is heavily bombed.

1943 年 3 月 9 日 - 加尔各答轻马队的成员对一艘德国商船进行了秘密攻击，该商船一直在中立的葡萄牙保护国印度果阿领土的莫尔穆高港向潜艇传送盟军阵地。慕尼黑遭到严重轰炸。

10 March 1943 - The USAAF 14th Air Force is formed in China, under General Claire Lee Chennault, former head of the " Flying Tigers ". The US House of Representatives votes to extend the Lend-Lease plan.

1943 年 3 月 10 日 - 美国空军第 14 空军在中国成立，由前“飞虎队”团长克莱尔·李·陈纳德将军领导。美国众议院投票决定延长租借计划。

11 March 1943 - The Germans enter Kharkov and the fierce struggle with the Red Army continues.

1943 年 3 月 11 日 - 德国人进入哈尔科夫，与红军的激烈斗争仍在继续。

11 March 1943 - 12 Karditsa in Greece becomes the first city in Europe to be liberated from Nazi occupation, after a campaign fought by ELAS, the Greek People's Liberation Army.

1943 年 3 月 11 日 - 12 日，在希腊人民解放军 ELAS 的一场战役之后，希腊的卡尔迪察成为欧洲第一个从纳粹占领下解放出来的城市。

13 March 1943 - German forces liquidate the Jewish ghetto in Kraków.

1943 年 3 月 13 日 - 德国军队清理了克拉科夫的犹太人聚居区。

16 March 1943 - The first reports of the Katyn massacre in Poland seep to the West; reports say that more than 22,000 prisoners of war were killed by the NKVD, who eventually blame the massacre on the Germans. Stalin for the ninth time demands a "Second Front," accusing his allies of treachery.

1943 年 3 月 16 日 - 关于波兰卡廷大屠杀的第一份报道传到西方；报道称，超过 22,000 名战俘被内务人民委员部杀害，内务人民委员部最终将屠杀归咎于德国人。斯大林第九次要求建立“第二战线”，并指责他的盟友背叛。

17 March 1943 - Devastating convoy losses in the Atlantic due to increased U-boat activity; the middle of the Atlantic is apparently not sufficiently covered by planes or ships.

1943 年 3 月 17 日 - 由于潜艇活动增加，大西洋上的护航船队损失惨重；大西洋中部显然没有足够的飞机或轮船覆盖。

18 March 1943 - General George S. Patton leads his tanks of II Corps into Gafsa, Tunisia.

1943 年 3 月 18 日 - 乔治·S·巴顿将军率领他的第二军坦克进入突尼斯加夫萨。

20 March 1943 - Montgomery 's forces begin a breakthrough in Tunisia, striking at the Mareth line.

1943 年 3 月 20 日 - 蒙哥马利的部队在突尼斯开始突破，向马雷斯防线发起进攻。

23 March 1943 - American tanks defeat the Germans at the Battle of El Guettar in Tunisia.

1943 年 3 月 23 日 - 美国坦克在突尼斯埃尔盖塔尔战役中击败德国人。

26 March 1943 - The British break through the Mareth line in southern Tunisia, threatening the whole German army. The Germans move north. Battle of the Komandorski Islands. In the Aleutian Islands United States Navy forces intercept Japanese attempting to reinforce a garrison at Kiska. Poor leadership on both sides leads to a stalemate of sorts, and the Japanese withdraw without achieving their goal.

1943 年 3 月 26 日 - 英国突破突尼斯南部的马雷斯防线，威胁到整个德军。德国人向北移动。科曼多尔斯基群岛海战。在阿留申群岛，美国海军拦截试图增援基斯卡驻军的日军。双方的领导不力导致了某种僵局，日本人没有达到目的就撤退了。

1 April 1943 - Allies continue to squeeze the Germans into the corner of Tunisia.

1943 年 4 月 1 日 - 盟军继续将德国人逼入突尼斯的角落。

3 April 1943 - Racial tensions between American Marines and New Zealand troops of Māori origin result in the Battle of Manners Street, a small-scale riot in which there were no deaths.

1943 年 4 月 3 日 - 美国海军陆战队和新西兰毛利裔军队之间的种族紧张局势导致了礼仪街之战，这是一场小规模骚乱，但没有人员死亡。

4 April 1943 - The only large-scale escape of Allied prisoners-of-war from the Japanese in the Pacific takes place when ten American POWs and two Filipino convicts break out of the Davao Penal Colony on the island of Mindanao in the southern Philippines. The escaped POWs were the first to break the news of the infamous Bataan Death March and other atrocities committed by the Japanese to the world.

1943 年 4 月 4 日 - 盟军战俘在太平洋上唯一一次从日本人手中大规模越狱，发生在菲律宾南部棉兰老岛的达沃流放地，十名美国战俘和两名菲律宾囚犯越狱。逃亡战俘是第一个向世界揭露臭名昭著的巴丹死亡行军和日本人犯下的其他暴行的消息的人。

7 April 1943 - Hitler and Mussolini come together at Salzburg, mostly for the purpose of propping up Mussolini's fading morale. Allied forces–the Americans from the West, the British from the East–link up near Gafsa in Tunisia. Bolivia declares war on Germany, Japan, and Italy.

1943 年 4 月 7 日 - 希特勒和墨索里尼在萨尔茨堡会面，主要是为了支撑墨索里尼日渐消退的士气。盟军——来自西方的美国人和来自东方的英国——在突尼斯加夫萨附近会合。玻利维亚向德国、日本和意大利宣战。

10 April 1943 - The British 8th Army enters Sfax, Tunisia.

1943 年 4 月 10 日 - 英国第 8 集团军进入突尼斯斯法克斯。

13 April 1943 - Radio Berlin announces the discovery by Wehrmacht of mass graves of Poles purportedly killed by Soviets in the Katyn massacre.

1943 年 4 月 13 日 - 柏林广播电台宣布国防军发现了据称在卡廷大屠杀中被苏联杀害的波兰人的乱葬坑。

15 April 1943 - Finland officially rejects Soviet terms for peace. Heavy RAF raid on Stuttgart.

1943 年 4 月 15 日 - 芬兰正式拒绝苏联的和平条件。英国皇家空军对斯图加特进行猛烈袭击。

18 April 1943 - Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, chief architect of Japanese naval strategy, is killed when his plane is shot down by American P38's over Bougainville. He was on an inspection tour. The "Palm Sunday massacre": large numbers of German troop-transport aircraft are shot down before reaching Tunisia, where they were to pick up the isolated German troops.

1943 年 4 月 18 日 - 日本海军战略总设计师山本五十六海军上将的飞机在布干维尔上空被美国 P38 飞机击落身亡。他正在视察。 “棕枝主日大屠杀”：大批德国运兵机在抵达突尼斯之前被击落，这些飞机原本打算去突尼斯接回被孤立的德国军队。

18 April 1943 - 19-30: The Bermuda Conference takes place in Hamilton, Bermuda. U.K. and U.S. leaders discuss the plight of the European Jews.

1943 年 4 月 18 日 - 19-30：百慕大会议在百慕大汉密尔顿举行。英国和美国领导人讨论欧洲犹太人的困境。

19 April 1943 - The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: On the Eve of Passover, Jews resist German attempts to deport the Jewish community. The Germans retrat, but come back with reinforcements.

1943 年 4 月 19 日 - 华沙​​隔都起义：逾越节前夕，犹太人抵抗德国驱逐犹太社区的企图。德军撤退，但又带着援军回来了。

19 April 1943 - In occupied Belgium, partisans attack a railway convoy transporting Belgian Jews to Auschwitz. It is the largest attack on a Holocaust train of the war and 236 Jews escape.

1943 年 4 月 19 日 - 在被占领的比利时，游击队袭击了将比利时犹太人运送到奥斯维辛的铁路车队。这是战争期间对大屠杀列车最大规模的袭击，236 名犹太人逃脱。

22 April 1943 - The Germans brutally crush the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, burning every building and shooting anyone who tried to escape. The flames force people into the street where German soldiers are. Most of the Jewish resistance group ZZW are killed, and its remnants escape. Very few Jewish resistance fighters continue fighting.

1943 年 4 月 22 日 - 德国人残酷镇压华沙隔都起义，烧毁所有建筑物并射杀任何试图逃跑的人。火焰迫使人们涌入德国士兵所在的街道。犹太抵抗组织 ZZW 的大部分成员被杀，其残余人员逃脱。很少有犹太抵抗战士继续战斗。

26 April 1943 - The British finally take "Longstop Hill" in Tunisia, a key position on the breakout road to Tunis.

1943 年 4 月 26 日 - 英国人终于占领了突尼斯的“朗斯托普山”，这是突尼斯突围之路上的一个关键阵地。

28 April 1943 - Allies attempt to close the mid-Atlantic gap in the war against the U-boats with long-range bombers.

1943 年 4 月 28 日 - 盟军试图用远程轰炸机缩小与 U 型潜艇的战争中大西洋中部的差距。

30 April 1943 - Operation Mincemeat: Lt. Jewell's crew release a body bearing false documents near the Spanish coast. Later, the body washes up on the Spanish coast and is discovered by a local fisherman. They will go on to mislead the Germans about the site and timing of the Allied invasion of Sicily.

1943 年 4 月 30 日 - 肉馅行动：朱厄尔中尉的船员在西班牙海岸附近释放了一具带有虚假文件的尸体。后来，尸体被冲上西班牙海岸，被当地渔民发现。他们将继续误导德国人关于盟军入侵西西里岛的地点和时间。

1 May 1943 - Allies close in on the cornered Germans in the Tunis area.

1943 年 5 月 1 日 - 盟军逼近突尼斯地区陷入困境的德军。

2 May 1943 - Japanese aircraft again bomb Darwin, Australia.

1943 年 5 月 2 日 - 日本飞机再次轰炸澳大利亚达尔文。

7 May 1943 - Tunis captured by British First Army. Meanwhile, the Americans take Bizerte.

1943 年 5 月 7 日 - 突尼斯被英国第一军占领。与此同时，美国人占领了比塞大。

9 May 1943 - The Japanese begin a three-day massacre of civilians; about 30,000 Chinese are killed in the Changjiao massacre.

1943 年 5 月 9 日 - 日本人开始对平民进行为期三天的屠杀；场教大屠杀造成约3万中国人死​​亡。

11 May 1943 - American and Canadian troops invade Attu Island in the Aleutian Islands in an attempt to expel occupying Japanese forces.

1943 年 5 月 11 日 - 美国和加拿大军队入侵阿留申群岛的阿图岛，试图驱逐日本占领军。

12 May 1943 - The Trident Conference begins in Washington, D.C. with Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill taking part. The discussions are mostly on future strategy.

1943 年 5 月 12 日 - 三叉戟会议在华盛顿特区召开，富兰克林·D·罗斯福和温斯顿·丘吉尔参加。讨论主要围绕未来战略。

13 May 1943 - Remaining German Afrika Korps and Italian troops in North Africa surrender to Allied forces. The Allies take over 250,000 prisoners.

1943 年 5 月 13 日 - 北非剩余的德国非洲军团和意大利军队向盟军投降。盟军俘虏了超过 250,000 名囚犯。

15 May 1943 - The French form a "Resistance Movement".

1943 年 5 月 15 日 - 法国发起“抵抗运动”。

16 May 1943 - The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising ends. The ghetto has been destroyed, with about 14,000 Jews killed and about another 40,000 sent to the death camps at Majdanek and Treblinka. The Dambuster Raids are carried out by RAF 617 Squadron on three German dams, the Möhne, Eder and Sorpe. The Ruhr war industries lose electrical power.

1943 年 5 月 16 日 - 华沙​​隔都起义结束。隔都已被摧毁，约 14,000 名犹太人被杀害，另外约 40,000 人被送往马伊达内克和特雷布林卡的死亡营。 Dambuster 突袭行动由英国皇家空军第 617 中队对德国三座水坝（默讷河、埃德河和索普河）进行。鲁尔区的军工工业失去了电力。

17 May 1943 - The Germans launch their fifth major offensive against Tito 's partisans in Yugoslavia.

1943 年 5 月 17 日 - 德国对南斯拉夫铁托游击队发动第五次大规模攻势。

19 May 1943 - Winston Churchill addresses a joint session of the U.S. Congress. He praises the partnership of the two Allies.

1943 年 5 月 19 日 - 温斯顿·丘吉尔在美国国会联席会议上发表讲话。他赞扬两个盟国的伙伴关系。

22 May 1943 - Allies bomb Sicily and Sardinia, both possible landing sites.

1943 年 5 月 22 日 - 盟军轰炸了西西里岛和撒丁岛，这两个地方都是可能的登陆地点。

24 May 1943 - Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the majority of U-boats to withdraw from the Atlantic because of heavy losses to new Allied anti-submarine tactics. By the end of the month, 43 U-boats are lost, compared to 34 Allied ships sunk. This is referred to as " Black May ". Josef Mengele becomes Chief Medical Officer in Auschwitz.

1943 年 5 月 24 日 - 由于新的盟军反潜战术损失惨重，卡尔·邓尼茨海军上将命令大部分潜艇从大西洋撤出。到月底，盟军有 34 艘潜艇被击沉，而 43 艘潜艇被击沉。这被称为“黑五月”。约瑟夫·门格勒成为奥斯维辛集中营的首席医疗官。

29 May 1943 - RAF bombs Wuppertal, causing heavy civilian losses.

1943 年 5 月 29 日 - 英国皇家空军轰炸伍珀塔尔，造成严重平民伤亡。

30 May 1943 - Attu Island is again under American control as the Battle of Attu concludes.

1943 年 5 月 30 日 - 阿图岛战役结束后，阿图岛再次处于美国控制之下。

31 May 1943 - American B-17 's bomb Naples.

1943 年 5 月 31 日 - 美国 B-17 轰炸那不勒斯。

4 June 1943 - General Henri Giraud becomes Commander-in-Chief of the Free French forces.

1943 年 6 月 4 日 - 亨利·吉罗将军成为自由法国军队的总司令。

8 June 1943 - Japanese forces begin to evacuate Kiska Island in the Aleutians, their last foothold in the Western hemisphere. The event is almost to the year of their landing.

1943 年 6 月 8 日 - 日本军队开始撤离阿留申群岛的基斯卡岛，这是他们在西半球的最后一个据点。该事件已快到他们登陆的那一年了。

11 June 1943 - British 1st Division takes the Italian island of Pantelleria, between Tunisia and Sicily, capturing 11,000 Italian troops.

1943 年 6 月 11 日 - 英国第 1 师占领突尼斯和西西里岛之间的意大利潘泰莱里亚岛，俘获 11,000 名意大利士兵。

12 June 1943 - The Italian island of Lampedusa, between Tunisia and Sicily, surrenders to the Allies.

1943 年 6 月 12 日 - 位于突尼斯和西西里岛之间的意大利兰佩杜萨岛向盟军投降。

13 June 1943 - Heavy US aircraft losses over Kiel.

1943 年 6 月 13 日 - 美国飞机在基尔上空遭受重创。

17 June 1943 - Allies bomb Sicily and the Italian mainland, as signs increase of a forthcoming invasion.

1943 年 6 月 17 日 - 随着即将入侵的迹象越来越多，盟军轰炸了西西里岛和意大利大陆。

21 June 1943 - Operation Cartwheel opens with landings by the United States 4th Marine Raider Battalion at Segi Point on New Georgia in the Solomon Islands, beginning the New Georgia Campaign. It will not be secured until August.

1943 年 6 月 21 日 - 侧手翻行动拉开序幕，美国第 4 海军陆战队袭击者营在所罗门群岛新乔治亚岛的塞吉角登陆，开始了新乔治亚战役。直到八月才会得到保障。

23 June 1943 - American troops land in the Trobriand Islands, close to New Guinea. The American strategy of driving up the Southwest Pacific by " Island Hopping " continues.

1943 年 6 月 23 日 - 美国军队在靠近新几内亚的特罗布里恩群岛登陆。美国以“跳岛游”方式向西南太平洋推进的战略仍在继续。

24 June 1943 - Continuing attacks against the Ruhr industrial valley. One result is the evacuation of large numbers of German civilians from the area.

1943 年 6 月 24 日 - 对鲁尔工业谷的持续攻击。结果之一是大批德国平民从该地区撤离。

30 June 1943 - American troops land on Rendova Island, New Georgia, another part of Operation Cartwheel.

1943 年 6 月 30 日 - 美国军队登陆新乔治亚州伦多瓦岛，这是侧手翻行动的另一部分。

4 July 1943 - Exiled Polish leader General Władysław Sikorski dies in an air crash in Gibraltar.

1943 年 7 月 4 日 - 波兰流亡领导人瓦迪斯瓦夫·西科尔斯基将军在直布罗陀的一次空难中丧生。

5 July 1943 - Operation Citadel (the Battle of Kursk) begins. Conclusion of the National Bands Agreement in occupied Greece, which is to coordinate the actions of the Resistance movement in Greece.

1943 年 7 月 5 日 - 城堡行动（库尔斯克战役）开始。在被占领的希腊缔结民族乐队协议，以协调希腊抵抗运动的行动。

6 July 1943 - U.S. and Japanese ships fight the Battle of Kula Gulf in the Solomons.

1943 年 7 月 6 日 - 美国和日本舰艇在所罗门群岛进行库拉湾海战。

7 July 1943 - Walter Dornberger briefs the V-2 rocket to Hitler, who approves the project for top priority.

1943 年 7 月 7 日 - 沃尔特·多恩伯格 (Walter Dornberger) 向希特勒简要介绍了 V-2 火箭，希特勒批准了该项目作为首要任务。

10 July 1943 - Operation Husky (the Allied invasion of Sicily) begins.

1943 年 7 月 10 日 - 哈士奇行动（盟军入侵西西里岛）开始。

11 July 1943 - Ukrainian Insurgent Army massacres Poles at Dominopol.

1943 年 7 月 11 日 - 乌克兰起义军在多米诺波尔屠杀波兰人。

12 July 1943 - The Battle of Prokhorovka begins; the largest tank battle in human history and part of the Battle of Kursk, it is the pivotal battle of Operation Citadel.

1943 年 7 月 12 日 - 普罗霍罗夫卡战役开始； 这是人类历史上规模最大的坦克战，也是库尔斯克战役的一部分，也是城堡行动的关键战役。

12 July 1943 - /:13: Off the Solomon Islands, the Japanese win a tactical victory at the Battle of Kolombangara.

1943 年 7 月 12 日 - /:13：在所罗门群岛附近，日本人在科隆班加拉战役中取得战术胜利。

13 July 1943 - Hitler calls off the Kursk offensive, but the Soviets continue the battle.

1943 年 7 月 13 日 - 希特勒取消库尔斯克攻势，但苏联人继续战斗。

19 July 1943 - The Allies bomb Rome for the first time.

1943 年 7 月 19 日——盟军首次轰炸罗马。

21 July 1943 - The Operation Bellicose targeting of Friedrichshafen Würzburg radars is the first bombing of a V-2 rocket facility.

1943 年 7 月 21 日 - 以腓特烈港维尔茨堡雷达为目标的好战行动是对 V-2 火箭设施的首次轰炸。

22 July 1943 - U.S. forces under Patton capture Palermo, Sicily.

1943 年 7 月 22 日 - 巴顿领导下的美军占领西西里岛巴勒莫。

23 July 1943 - The USAAF orders the first 100 examples of the planned Convair B-36 six-engined intercontinental strategic bomber.

1943 年 7 月 23 日 - 美国空军订购了首批 100 架计划中的康维尔 B-36 六引擎洲际战略轰炸机。

24 July 1943 - Hamburg, Germany, is heavily bombed in Operation Gomorrah, which at the time is the heaviest assault in the history of aviation.

1943 年 7 月 24 日 - 德国汉堡在蛾摩拉行动中遭到猛烈轰炸，这在当时是航空史上最严重的袭击。

25 July 1943 - Mussolini is arrested and relieved of his offices after a meeting with Italian King Victor Emmanuel III, who chooses Marshal Pietro Badoglio to form a new government.

1943 年 7 月 25 日 - 墨索里尼在与意大利国王维克托·伊曼纽尔三世会面后被捕并被解除职务，后者选择彼得罗·巴多格里奥元帅组建新政府。

1 August 1943 - Operation Tidal Wave: Oil refineries at Ploiești, Romania, are bombed by U.S. IX Bomber Command. Japan declares independence for the State of Burma under Ba Maw.

1943 年 8 月 1 日 - 潮汐行动：罗马尼亚普洛耶什蒂的炼油厂遭到美国第九轰炸机司令部的轰炸。日本宣布巴莫领导下的缅甸独立。

2 August 1943 - 2,897 Romani are gassed when their camp at Auschwitz is liquidated. John F. Kennedy's PT-109 is rammed in two and sunk off the Solomon Islands.

1943 年 8 月 2 日 - 奥斯维辛集中营被清理后，2,897 名罗姆人被毒气杀害。约翰·F·肯尼迪 (John F. Kennedy) 的 PT-109 在所罗门群岛附近被撞成两截并沉没。

3 August 1943 - The first of two " George S. Patton slapping incidents " occurs in Sicily.

1943 年 8 月 3 日 - 两起“乔治·S·巴顿掌掴事件”中的第一起发生在西西里岛。

5 August 1943 - Swedish government announces it will no longer allow German troops and war material to transit Swedish railways. Russians recapture Orel and Belgorod.

1943 年 8 月 5 日 - 瑞典政府宣布不再允许德国军队和战争物资通过瑞典铁路运输。俄军夺回奥廖尔和别尔哥罗德。

5 August 1943 - 6/7: The U.S. wins the Battle of Vella Gulf off Kolombangara in the Solomons.

1943 年 8 月 5 日 - 6 月 7 日：美国赢得所罗门群岛科隆班加拉附近的维拉湾海战。

6 August 1943 - German troops start pouring in to take over Italy's defences.

1943 年 8 月 6 日 - 德国军队开始涌入，接管意大利的防御。

11 August 1943 - German and Italian forces begin to evacuate Sicily.

1943 年 8 月 11 日 - 德国和意大利军队开始撤离西西里岛。

15 August 1943 - The Land Battle of Vella Lavella island in the Solomons begins. US and Canadian troops invade Kiska Island in the Aleutians, not knowing the Japanese have already evacuated.

1943 年 8 月 15 日 - 所罗门群岛维拉拉维拉岛的陆战开始。美国和加拿大军队入侵阿留申群岛的基斯卡岛，却不知道日本人已经撤离。

16 August 1943 - Polish Jews begin a resistance with scant weaponry in Białystok. The leaders commit suicide when they run out of ammunition. U.S. troops enter Messina, Sicily.

1943 年 8 月 16 日 - 波兰犹太人在比亚韦斯托克用少量武器开始抵抗。 领导人弹药耗尽后自杀。美军进入西西里岛墨西拿。

17 August 1943 - All of Sicily now controlled by the Allies. Heavy loss of Allied bombers in the Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission. Operation Crossbow begins with Operation Hydra when the RAF bombs the Peenemünde V-2 rocket facility.

1943 年 8 月 17 日 - 整个西西里岛现在由盟军控制。盟军轰炸机在施韦因富特-雷根斯堡任务中损失惨重。十字弓行动始于九头蛇行动，当时英国皇家空军轰炸了佩内明德 V-2 火箭设施。

17 August 1943 - 17/18: Portugal, referencing the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373, allows the Allies to use the Azores Islands for air and naval bases.

1943 年 8 月 17 日 - 17/18：葡萄牙参照 1373 年英葡条约，允许盟军使用亚速尔群岛作为空军和海军基地。

19 August 1943 - Roosevelt and Churchill signed the Quebec Agreement during the Quebec Conference.

1943 年 8 月 19 日 - 罗斯福和丘吉尔在魁北克会议期间签署了魁北克协议。

23 August 1943 - Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev liberates Kharkov, Ukraine. The Battle of Kursk has become the first successful major Soviet summer offensive of the war.

1943 年 8 月 23 日 - 波尔科沃德茨·鲁缅采夫行动解放了乌克兰哈尔科夫。 库尔斯克战役成为苏联在战争中第一次成功的大规模夏季攻势。

29 August 1943 - During the Occupation of Denmark by Nazi Germany, martial law replaced the Danish government.

1943 年 8 月 29 日 - 在纳粹德国占领丹麦期间，戒严法取代了丹麦政府。

31 August 1943 - The Northwest African Air Forces conducts an air raid against the Italian city of Pisa.

1943 年 8 月 31 日 - 西北非洲空军对意大利城市比萨进行空袭。

1 September 1943 - 22,750,000 British men and women are either in the services or Civil Defence or doing essential war work, according to the U.K. Ministry of Labour.

1943 年 9 月 1 日——根据英国劳工部的数据，有 22,750,000 名英国男女在服役、民防或从事重要的战争工作。

3 September 1943 - A secret Italian Armistice is signed and Italy drops out of the war. Mainland Italy is invaded when the British XXIII Corps lands at Reggio Calabria. Nazi Germany begins the evacuation of civilians from Berlin.

1943 年 9 月 3 日 - 意大利秘密停战协定签署，意大利退出战争。当英国第二十三军团登陆雷焦卡拉布里亚时，意大利本土遭到入侵。纳粹德国开始从柏林疏散平民。

4 September 1943 - Soviet Union declares war on Bulgaria. [ dubious – discuss ]: The 503rd Parachute Regiment under American General Douglas MacArthur lands and occupies Nadzab, just west of the port city of Lae in northeastern New Guinea. Lae falls into Australian hands and Australian troops take Salamaua.

1943 年 9 月 4 日 - 苏联对保加利亚宣战。 [可疑-讨论]：美国将军道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟率领的第 503 伞兵团登陆并占领了新几内亚东北部港口城市莱城以西的纳扎布。莱城落入澳大利亚手中，澳大利亚军队占领了萨拉马瓦。

8 September 1943 - Eisenhower publicly announces the surrender of Italy to the Allies. The Germans enact Operation Achse, the disarmament of Italian armed forces. The USAAF bombs the German General Headquarters for the Mediterranean zone at Frascati.

1943 年 9 月 8 日——艾森豪威尔公开宣布意大利向盟军投降。德国人实施了“Achse行动”，解除意大利武装部队的武装。美国空军轰炸了位于弗拉斯卡蒂的德国地中海地区总部。

9 September 1943 - The Allies land at Salerno, Italy; meanwhile the British troops take Taranto in the heel of the Italian "boot". Allied strategy aims at a "drive" up the "boot". Iran declares war on Germany.

1943 年 9 月 9 日——盟军在意大利萨勒诺登陆；与此同时，英国军队在意大利“靴子”的后跟处占领了塔兰托。 盟军战略的目标是“推动”“引导”。伊朗对德国宣战。

10 September 1943 - German troops occupy Rome. The Italian fleet meanwhile surrenders at Malta and other Mediterranean ports.

1943 年 9 月 10 日 - 德国军队占领罗马。 与此同时，意大利舰队在马耳他和其他地中海港口投降。

12 September 1943 - Mussolini is rescued by aircraft from mountaintop captivity by German SS troops led by Otto Skorzeny. Mussolini is then set up by Hitler, who remains loyal to his old friend, as the head of the puppet " Italian Social Republic ".

1943 年 9 月 12 日 - 墨索里尼被奥托·斯科尔兹尼 (Otto Skorzeny) 领导的德国党卫军从山顶囚禁的飞机中救出。 随后，仍然忠于老朋友的希特勒任命墨索里尼为傀儡“意大利社会共和国”的领导人。

13 September 1943 - The Salerno beachhead is in jeopardy, as German counterattacks increase.

1943 年 9 月 13 日 - 随着德军反击的加剧，萨勒诺滩头阵地陷入危险。

14 September 1943 - German troops commence the Holocaust of Viannos in Crete that will continue for two more days.

1943 年 9 月 14 日 - 德国军队在克里特岛开始对维亚诺斯进行大屠杀，这场屠杀还将持续两天。

15 September 1943 - Chiang Kai-shek asks that General Stilwell, American military advisor/commander, be recalled for suggesting an alliance with the Communists.

1943 年 9 月 15 日 - 蒋介石要求召回美国军事顾问兼司令史迪威将军，因为他建议与共产党结盟。

16 September 1943 - British forces land on various Italian-held Greek islands in the Aegean Sea, beginning the Dodecanese Campaign. British and American troops link up near the Salerno beachhead.

1943 年 9 月 16 日 - 英国军队登陆爱琴海意大利控制的多个希腊岛屿，开始多德卡尼斯战役。英国和美国军队在萨勒诺滩头阵地附近会师。

21 September 1943 - The battle of the Solomons can now be considered at an unofficial end. The Massacre of the Acqui Division begins: After resisting for a week, the Italian Acqui division on the Greek island of Cephallonia surrenders to the Germans. During the next days, over 4,500 Italians are executed and a further 3,000 are lost during transport at sea.

1943 年 9 月 21 日 - 所罗门群岛之战现在可以被视为非正式结束。阿奎师大屠杀开始：希腊凯法利尼亚岛的意大利阿奎师在抵抗一周后向德军投降。接下来的几天里，超过 4,500 名意大利人被处决，另有 3,000 人在海上运输过程中丧生。

22 September 1943 - Australian forces land at Finschhafen, a small port in New Guinea. The Japanese continue the battle well into October. British midget submarines attack the German battleship Tirpitz, at anchor in a Norwegian fjord, crippling her for six months.

1943 年 9 月 22 日 - 澳大利亚军队在新几内亚的一个小港口芬什港登陆。 日本人的战斗一直持续到十月。英国小型潜艇攻击了停泊在挪威峡湾的德国战列舰提尔皮茨号，导致其瘫痪六个月。

27 September 1943 - The Germans take over the island of Corfu from the Italians, the previous occupiers. Sheng Shicai has Mao Zedong 's brother Mao Zemin and Chen Tanqiu, a founder of the Chinese Communist Party, executed.

1943 年 9 月 27 日 - 德国人从之前的占领者意大利人手中接管了科孚岛。盛世才处决了毛泽东的弟弟毛泽民和中国共产党创始人陈潭秋。

28 September 1943 - The people of Naples, sensing the approach of the Allies, rise up against the German occupiers.

1943 年 9 月 28 日 - 那不勒斯人民感受到盟军的逼近，奋起反抗德国占领者。

30 September 1943 - With the Gestapo starting to round up Danish Jews, certain Danes are secretly sending their Jewish countrymen to Sweden by means of dangerous boat crossings.

1943 年 9 月 30 日 - 随着盖世太保开始围捕丹麦犹太人，某些丹麦人通过危险的渡船秘密将他们的犹太同胞送往瑞典。

1 October 1943 - Neapolitans complete their uprising and free Naples from German military occupation.

1943 年 10 月 1 日 - 那不勒斯人完成起义，并将那不勒斯从德国军事占领下解放出来。

3 October 1943 - The Germans conquer the island of Kos.

1943 年 10 月 3 日 - 德国人征服科斯岛。

3 October 1943 - Churchill appoints Lord Louis Mountbatten the commander of South East Asia Command.

1943 年 10 月 3 日 - 丘吉尔任命路易斯·蒙巴顿勋爵为东南亚司令部司令。

4 October 1943 - Corsica is liberated by Free French forces.

1943 年 10 月 4 日 - 自由法国军队解放科西嘉岛。

5 October 1943 - The Allies cross Italy's Volturno Line.

1943 年 10 月 5 日 - 盟军越过意大利的沃尔图诺防线。

6 October 1943 - The Naval Battle of Vella Lavella completes the second phase of Operation Cartwheel.

1943 年 10 月 6 日 - 维拉拉维拉海战结束了侧手翻行动的第二阶段。

7 October 1943 - The Japanese execute 98 American civilians on Wake Island.

1943 年 10 月 7 日 - 日本人在威克岛处决了 98 名美国平民。

9 October 1943 - United States VII Corps arrives in European Theater.

1943 年 10 月 9 日 - 美国第七军抵达欧洲战区。

10 October 1943 - Chiang Kai-shek takes the oath of office as chairman of Nationalist Government (China).

1943 年 10 月 10 日 - 蒋介石宣誓就任国民政府（中国）主席。

12 October 1943 - Operation Cartwheel begins a bombing campaign against Rabaul.

1943 年 10 月 12 日 - 侧手翻行动开始对拉包尔进行轰炸。

14 October 1943 - 229 of 292 B-17s reached the target in the Second Raid on Schweinfurt. Losses are so heavy that the long range daylight bombing campaign is suspended until the bombers can be escorted by P-51 fighters. Members of the Sobibor extermination camp underground, led by Polish-Jewish prisoner Leon Feldhendler and Soviet-Jewish POW Alexander Pechersky, succeeded in covertly killing eleven German SS officers and a number o...

1943 年 10 月 14 日 - 在第二次袭击施韦因富特时，292 架 B-17 中的 229 架到达目标。损失如此惨重，以至于远程白天轰炸行动被暂停，直到轰炸机得到 P-51 战斗机的护航。由波兰犹太囚犯莱昂·费尔登德勒和苏联犹太战俘亚历山大·佩切尔斯基领导的索比堡地下灭绝营成员成功秘密杀害了 11 名德国党卫军军官和数名...

19 October 1943 - The German War Office contracts the Mittelwerk to produce 12,000 V-2 rockets.

1943 年 10 月 19 日 - 德国陆军部与 Mittelwerk 签订合同，生产 12,000 枚 V-2 火箭。

19 October 1943 - 22/23: An air raid on Kassel causes a seven-day firestorm.

1943 年 10 月 19 日 - 22 月 23 日：对卡塞尔的空袭引发了为期 7 天的大火。

23 October 1943 - Cruiser HMS Charybdis sunk, and destroyer HMS Limbourne damaged, by German torpedo boats off the North coast of Brittany with large loss of life. Bodies of 21 sailors and marines washed up on the Island of Guernsey. Buried with full military honours by the German Occupation authorities, allowing around 5,000 Islanders to attend and lay some 900 wreaths.

1943 年 10 月 23 日 - 巡洋舰 HMS Charybdis 在布列塔尼北海岸被德国鱼雷艇击沉，驱逐舰 HMS Limbourne 受损，造成大量人员伤亡。 21 名水手和海军陆战队员的尸体被冲上根西岛。德国占领当局以完全军事荣誉的方式下葬，约 5,000 名岛民参加并敬献了约 900 个花圈。

29 October 1943 - Troops replace striking London dockworkers.

1943 年 10 月 29 日 - 军队取代罢工的伦敦码头工人。

31 October 1943 - Heavy rains in Italy slow the Allied advance south of Rome.

1943 年 10 月 31 日 - 意大利的大雨减缓了盟军向罗马南部推进的速度。

1 November 1943 - In Operation Goodtime, United States Marines land on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands. The fighting on this island will continue to the end of the war.

1943 年 11 月 1 日 - 在“美好时光”行动中，美国海军陆战队登陆所罗门群岛的布干维尔。这个岛上的战斗将持续到战争结束。

2 November 1943 - In the early morning hours, American and Japanese ships fight the inconclusive Battle of Empress Augusta Bay off Bougainville, but the Japanese are unable to land reinforcements. British troops, in Italy, reach the Garigliano River.

1943 年 11 月 2 日 - 清晨，美国和日本舰艇在布干维尔附近的奥古斯塔皇后湾海战中进行了一场没有结果的战斗，但日本无法派遣增援部队登陆。在意大利的英国军队抵达加里利亚诺河。

3 November 1943 - Some 43,000 Jews were shot by Germans at three camps in German-occupied Poland in Aktion Erntefest in a two-day "Harvest Festival".

1943 年 11 月 3 日 - 在为期两天的“丰收节”活动中，大约 43,000 名犹太人在德占波兰的三个营地被德国人枪杀。

9 November 1943 - Allies take Castiglione, Italy. General De Gaulle becomes President of the French Committee of National Liberation. Members of the Belgian Resistance publish a fake issue of the collaborationist newspaper Le Soir, mocking the German strategic situation.

1943 年 11 月 9 日 - 盟军占领意大利郎世宁。戴高乐将军成为法国民族解放委员会主席。比利时抵抗运动成员在通敌报纸《晚报》上发表了假刊，嘲笑德国的战略形势。

15 November 1943 - Allied Expeditionary Force for the invasion of Europe is officially formed. German SS leader Heinrich Himmler orders that Gypsies and "part-Gypsies" are to be put "on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps."

1943 年 11 月 15 日 - 入侵欧洲的盟军远征军正式成立。德国党卫军领导人海因里希·希姆莱下令将吉普赛人和“部分吉普赛人”置于“与犹太人同等的水平并安置在集中营”。

16 November 1943 - Anti-German resistance in Italy increases; there are explosions in Milan. The Battle of Leros ends with the surrender of the British and Italian forces to the Germans. 160 American bombers strike a hydro-electric power facility and heavy water factory in German -controlled Vemork, Norway. Japanese submarine sinks surfaced submarine USS Corvina near Truk.

1943 年 11 月 16 日 - 意大利的反德抵抗增加；米兰发生爆炸。莱罗斯战役以英国和意大利军队向德国投降而结束。 160 架美国轰炸机袭击了德国控制的挪威韦莫克的一座水力发电设施和重水工厂。日本潜艇在特鲁克附近击沉了美国海军科维纳号潜艇。

18 November 1943 - 440 Royal Air Force planes bomb Berlin causing only light damage and killing 131. The RAF lose nine aircraft and 53 aviators.

1943 年 11 月 18 日 - 440 架皇家空军飞机轰炸柏林，仅造成轻微损坏，并造成 131 人死亡。英国皇家空军损失了 9 架飞机和 53 名飞行员。

19 November 1943 - Prisoners of the Janowska concentration camp stage a mass escape/uprising when they are ordered to cover up evidence of a mass-murder. Most are rounded up and killed.

1943 年 11 月 19 日 - 亚诺夫斯卡集中营的囚犯奉命掩盖大屠杀的证据后，发动了大规模越狱/起义。大多数人被围捕并杀害。

20 November 1943 - Operation Galvanic begins - United States Marines land on Tarawa and United States Army forces assault Makin atoll in the Gilbert Islands and take heavy fire from Japanese shore guns. The American public is shocked by the heavy losses of life on Tarawa. British troops under Montgomery continue their slow advances on the eastern side of Italy.

1943 年 11 月 20 日 - 伽伐尼行动开始 - 美国海军陆战队登陆塔拉瓦岛，美国陆军部队攻击吉尔伯特群岛的马金环礁，并遭到日军岸炮的猛烈射击。美国公众对塔拉瓦岛发生的严重人员伤亡感到震惊。蒙哥马利率领的英国军队继续向意大利东部缓慢推进。

22 November 1943 - The Cairo Conference: US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and ROC leader Chiang Kai-shek meet in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss ways to defeat Japan.

1943年11月22日 - 开罗会议：美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福、英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔和中华民国领导人蒋介石在埃及开罗举行会议，讨论击败日本的方法。

23 November 1943 - Heavy damage from Allied bombing of Berlin. Notably, the Deutsche Opernhaus on Bismarckstraße in the Berlin district of Charlottenburg is destroyed.

1943 年 11 月 23 日 - 盟军轰炸柏林造成严重破坏。值得注意的是，位于柏林夏洛滕堡区俾斯麦大街的德意志歌剧院被毁。

25 November 1943 - Americans and Japanese fight the naval Battle of Cape St. George between Buka and New Ireland. Admiral Arleigh Burke's destroyers distinguish themselves. Rangoon is bombed by American heavy bombers.

1943 年 11 月 25 日 - 美国和日本在布卡和新爱尔兰之间进行圣乔治角海战。阿利·伯克海军上将的驱逐舰脱颖而出。仰光遭到美国重型轰炸机的轰炸。

26 November 1943 - The Red Army offensive in the Ukraine continues. The Cairo Conference ("Sextant") ends; Roosevelt, Churchill, and Chiang Kai-shek complete the Cairo Declaration, which deals with the overall strategic plan against Japan.

1943 年 11 月 26 日 - 红军在乌克兰的攻势仍在继续。开罗会议（“六分仪”）结束；罗斯福、丘吉尔、蒋介石共同完成了《开罗宣言》，阐述了对日总体战略部署。

28 November 1943 - The Tehran Conference. US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Leader Joseph Stalin meet in Tehran to discuss war strategy; (on 30 November they establish an agreement concerning a planned June 1944 invasion of Europe codenamed Operation Overlord). Stalin at last has the promise he has been waiting for.

1943 年 11 月 28 日 - 德黑兰会议。美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福、英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔和苏联领导人约瑟夫·斯大林在德黑兰会面讨论战争战略； （11 月 30 日，他们就计划于 1944 年 6 月入侵欧洲达成一项协议，代号为“霸王行动”）。斯大林终于得到了他一直在等待的承诺。

29 November 1943 - Second session of AVNOJ, the Anti-fascist council of national liberation of Yugoslavia, is held in Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina, determining the post-war order of the country.

1943 年 11 月 29 日 - 南斯拉夫反法西斯民族解放委员会第二次会议在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那亚伊采举行，确定了该国的战后秩序。

30 November 1943 - In Malaya, Japanese introduce Government Notification No. 41, encouraging families to grow their own food crops and vegetables. Families who were successful would be awarded prizes, while families failed to comply with this notification or left their vacant lands unplanted would be punished. This notification was written by Itami Masakichi (Penang Shu Chokan) on 25 November 2603/1943.

1943 年 11 月 30 日 - 在马来亚，日本推出第 41 号政府通知，鼓励家庭种植自己的粮食作物和蔬菜。成功的家庭将获得奖励，而未能遵守通知或闲置空地的家庭将受到惩罚。此通知由 Itami Masakichi（槟城 Shu Chokan）于 2603/1943 年 11 月 25 日撰写。

2 December 1943 - The Germans conduct a highly successful Air Raid on Bari, Italy. One of the German bombs hits an Allied cargo ship carrying mustard gas, releasing the chemical which killed 83 Allied soldiers. Over 1000 other soldiers died in the raid.

1943 年 12 月 2 日 - 德国人对意大利巴里进行了一次非常成功的空袭。其中一枚德国炸弹击中了一艘载有芥子气的盟军货船，释放出的化学物质导致 83 名盟军士兵死亡。另有 1000 多名士兵在袭击中丧生。

3 December 1943 - In eastern Bosnia, the German 2nd Panzer Army launches the counter-insurgency operation Operation Kugelblitz. Edward R. Murrow delivers his classic "Orchestrated Hell" broadcast over CBS Radio describing a Royal Air Force nighttime bombing raid on Berlin.

1943 年 12 月 3 日 - 在波斯尼亚东部，德国第 2 装甲集团军发起反叛乱行动“库格尔闪电行动”。爱德华·默罗（Edward R. Murrow）通过哥伦比亚广播公司广播电台发表了他的经典“精心策划的地狱”广播，描述了英国皇家空军夜间对柏林的轰炸袭击。

4 December 1943 - In Yugoslavia, resistance leader Marshal Josip Broz Tito proclaims a provisional democratic Yugoslav government in-exile.

1943 年 12 月 4 日 - 在南斯拉夫，抵抗运动领袖约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托元帅宣布南斯拉夫临时民主流亡政府。

12 December 1943 - Rommel is appointed head of "Fortress Europa", chief planner against the expected Allied offensive.

1943 年 12 月 12 日 - 隆美尔被任命为“欧洲要塞”的负责人，主要策划对抗预期的盟军进攻。

13 December 1943 - German soldiers carry out the Massacre of Kalavryta in southern Greece.

1943 年 12 月 13 日 - 德国士兵在希腊南部进行卡拉夫里塔大屠杀。

13 December 1943 - The United States VIII Corps arrives in European Theater.

1943 年 12 月 13 日 - 美国第八军团抵达欧洲战区。

14 December 1943 - The United States XV Corps arrives in the European Theater.

1943 年 12 月 14 日 - 美国第十五军抵达欧洲战区。

16 December 1943 - Kalinin is retaken in a large Red Army offensive.

1943 年 12 月 16 日 - 在红军的大规模攻势中，加里宁被夺回。

24 December 1943 - The US General Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe.

1943 年 12 月 24 日 - 美国将军德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔就任欧洲盟军最高指挥官。

26 December 1943 - German battleship Scharnhorst is sunk off North Cape (in the Arctic) by a British force led by the battleship HMS Duke of York.

1943 年 12 月 26 日 - 德国战列舰沙恩霍斯特号在北角（北极）附近被约克公爵号战列舰率领的英国军队击沉。

26 December 1943 - American Marines land on Cape Gloucester, New Britain.

1943 年 12 月 26 日 - 美国海军陆战队登陆新不列颠的格洛斯特角。

27 December 1943 - General Eisenhower is officially named head of Overlord, the invasion of Normandy.

1943 年 12 月 27 日 - 艾森豪威尔将军被正式任命为霸主，入侵诺曼底。

28 December 1943 - In Burma, Chinese troops have some success against the Japanese.

1943 年 12 月 28 日 - 在缅甸，中国军队对日军取得了一些胜利。

29 December 1943 - Control of the Andaman Islands is handed over to Azad Hind by the Japanese.

1943 年 12 月 29 日 - 日本将安达曼群岛的控制权移交给 Azad Hind。

30 December 1943 - Japanese air force attacks on Calcutta end.

1943 年 12 月 30 日 - 日本空军对加尔各答的攻击结束。

1944 in brief - D-Day opened the second front in Normandy on 6 June; Rome, Paris and most of France were freed by autumn. Operation Bagration destroyed Army Group Centre, the Pacific leapfrogged across the Marianas toward the Philippines, and the Ardennes counteroffensive was the Reich last throw.

1944 年简述 - 6 月 6 日诺曼底登陆日开辟了诺曼底第二条战线；秋天，罗马、巴黎和法国大部分地区获得了解放。巴格拉季昂行动摧毁了中央集团军群，太平洋越过马里亚纳群岛向菲律宾进发，阿登反攻是帝国的最后一搏。

3 January 1944 - Major Gregory Pappy Boyington, the USMC fighter ace, was shot down after downing the last 3 of his 26 victories, and would spend the next 20 months in Japanese POW Camps.

1944 年 1 月 3 日 - 美国海军陆战队王牌战斗机格雷戈里·帕皮·博因顿少校在他的 26 场胜利中的最后 3 场被击落后被击落，并在日本战俘营中度过了接下来的 20 个月。

4 January 1944 - The 1st Ukrainian Front of the Red Army enters Poland.

1944 年 1 月 4 日 - 乌克兰红军第一方面军进入波兰。

9 January 1944 - British forces take Maungdaw, Burma, a critical port for Allied supplies.

1944 年 1 月 9 日 - 英国军队占领缅甸孟都，这是盟军补给的重要港口。

11 January 1944 - Count Ciano, the Italian Foreign Minister and Mussolini's son-in-law, is executed by Mussolini's revived Fascist government sympathizers.

1944 年 1 月 11 日 - 意大利外交部长、墨索里尼的女婿齐亚诺伯爵被墨索里尼复活的法西斯政府同情者处决。

12 January 1944 - The SS United Victory, the first Victory ship, is launched; this class of transport will prove to be crucial in hauling men and supplies across the oceans.

1944 年 1 月 12 日 - 第一艘胜利舰“SS United Victory”下水；事实证明，此类运输对于跨洋运送人员和物资至关重要。

16 January 1944 - General Dwight D. Eisenhower arrived in London, returning from a week of rest and planning in Washington, D. C., and assumed command of the European Theater by General Orders No. 4. His new title was Commanding General, U.S. Forces, European Theater of Operations.

1944 年 1 月 16 日 - 德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔将军在华盛顿特区休息和计划一周后抵达伦敦，并根据第 4 号将军令接管欧洲战区。他的新头衔是欧洲战区美军司令。

17 January 1944 - The first Battle of Monte Cassino begins when the British X Corps attacks along the Garigliano river at the western end of the German Gustav Line.

1944 年 1 月 17 日 - 第一次卡西诺山战役开始，英国第十军沿德国古斯塔夫防线西端的加里利亚诺河发起进攻。

19 January 1944 - Red Army troops push westward toward the Baltic countries. British Operation Outward accidentally claims lives in Sweden by knocking out lighting and causing a train crash.

1944 年 1 月 19 日——红军部队向西挺进波罗的海国家。英国“向外行动”意外地导致瑞典的灯光熄灭并导致火车相撞，夺去了许多人的生命。

20 January 1944 - The Royal Air Force drops 2,300 tons of bombs on Berlin. The U.S. Army 36th Infantry Division, in Italy, attempts to cross the Gari River but suffers heavy losses.

1944 年 1 月 20 日 - 英国皇家空军向柏林投掷了 2,300 吨炸弹。驻扎在意大利的美国陆军第36步兵师试图渡过加里河，但损失惨重。

22 January 1944 - Allies begin Operation Shingle, the landing at Anzio, Italy, commanded by American Major General John P. Lucas. The Allies hope to break the stalemate in south Italy, but they are unable to break out of the beachhead and the line holds until late May. The minesweeper USS Portent (AM-106), commanded by Lt. H.C. Plummer, hit a mine and sank southeast of Anzio, Italy.

1944 年 1 月 22 日 - 在美国少将约翰·P·卢卡斯 (John P. Lucas) 的指挥下，盟军开始了“木瓦行动”，在意大利安齐奥登陆。 盟军希望打破意大利南部的僵局，但无法突破滩头阵地，战线一直维持到5月下旬。扫雷舰波坦号 (AM-106)，由 H.C. 中尉指挥普卢默号在意大利安齐奥东南部触雷沉没。

24 January 1944 - In German-occupied Belgium, the Social Pact, detailing plans for post-war social reform, is secretly signed.

1944 年 1 月 24 日 - 在德国占领的比利时，秘密签署了详细介绍战后社会改革计划的《社会契约》。

24 January 1944 - The Allied forces have a major setback on the Gari River in Italy.

1944 年 1 月 24 日 - 盟军在意大利加里河遭受重大挫折。

27 January 1944 - The Siege of Leningrad ended after 872 days, as Soviet forces finally forced the Germans to withdraw. Some 2 million died, mostly of starvation and disease.

1944 年 1 月 27 日 - 列宁格勒围城战在 872 天后结束，苏联军队最终迫使德国人撤军。约 200 万人死亡，大部分死于饥饿和疾病。

28 January 1944 - The Soviet Army completes encirclement of two German Army corps at the Korsun pocket, south of Kiev. Two-thirds of the Germans escape in the breakout next month with the loss of most heavy equipment.

1944 年 1 月 28 日 - 苏联军队在基辅以南的科尔松包围圈完成了对两个德国军团的包围。三分之二的德国人在下个月的突围中逃脱，损失了大部分重型装备。

30 January 1944 - The Japanese kill 44 suspected spies in the Homfreyganj massacre. At Anzio, Italy the disastrous Battle of Cisterna took place, as MG John P. Lucas sent Darby's Rangers to begin the breakout from the beachhead. One of the four battalions in the action returned with only 6 of 767 men, the rest killed, wounded or captured. The Brazzaville Conference begins in French Equatorial Africa. During the conference (which la...

1944 年 1 月 30 日 - 日本人在 Homfreyganj 大屠杀中杀死了 44 名疑似间谍。在意大利安齐奥，灾难性的西斯特纳战役发生了，约翰·P·卢卡斯少将派达比的游骑兵从滩头阵地开始突围。参与行动的 4 个营中的一个营只有 767 人中的 6 人返回，其余的被杀、受伤或被俘。布拉柴维尔会议在法属赤道非洲召开。会议期间（...

31 January 1944 - Operation Flintlock began, as American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese -held Marshall Islands. United States troops also invade Majuro, Marshall Islands.

1944 年 1 月 31 日 - 燧发枪行动开始，美军登陆夸贾林环礁和日本控制的马绍尔群岛的其他岛屿。美国军队还入侵马绍尔群岛马朱罗。

1 February 1944 - U.S. Marines mop up on Roi and Namur in the northern part of the Kwajalein atoll in the Marshall Islands.

1944 年 2 月 1 日 - 美国海军陆战队扫荡马绍尔群岛夸贾林环礁北部的罗伊和那慕尔。

2 February 1944 - The Narva front near the east border of Estonia is formed between the Soviet and German forces. Germans defeat American troops in the Battle of Cisterna near Anzio.

1944 年 2 月 2 日 - 苏联和德国军队在爱沙尼亚东部边境附近形成纳尔瓦前线。德国人在安齐奥附近的水池战役中击败美军。

5 February 1944 - The American Navy bombards the Kuril Islands, northernmost in the Japanese homelands.

1944 年 2 月 5 日 - 美国海军轰炸日本本土最北端的千岛群岛。

7 February 1944 - In a radio interview, the last Estonian Prime Minister Jüri Uluots, as acting Head of State, supports mobilisation.

1944 年 2 月 7 日 - 在一次电台采访中，爱沙尼亚最后一位总理尤里·乌洛茨作为代理国家元首支持动员。

10 February 1944 - Winston Churchill urges Harold Alexander to order the Anzio generals to show more aggression.

1944 年 2 月 10 日 - 温斯顿·丘吉尔敦促哈罗德·亚历山大命令安齐奥将军表现出更多的侵略性。

11 February 1944 - In the battle of Korsun–Cherkassy, German forces sent to relieve the Korsun pocket in Ukraine are now only 10 miles away.

1944 年 2 月 11 日 - 在科尔松-切尔卡瑟战役中，被派去解救乌克兰科尔松包围圈的德国军队现在距离我们只有 10 英里。

14 February 1944 - The Russian 374th Rifle Regiment forms a bridgehead on the western shore of Lake Peipus. The Mereküla Landing Operation of the special unit of the Soviet Baltic Sea Fleet in the rear of the Germans at the Narva front at Mereküla is resisted. The underground organisation, the National Committee of the Republic of Estonia, is formed in Tallinn. Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) headquarters are...

1944 年 2 月 14 日 - 俄罗斯第 374 步枪团在佩普斯湖西岸形成桥头堡。苏联波罗的海舰队特种部队在纳尔瓦前线梅雷库拉德军后方的梅雷库拉登陆行动遭到抵抗。地下组织爱沙尼亚共和国全国委员会在塔林成立。盟军远征军最高司令部 (SHAEF) 总部是...

15 February 1944 - The second Battle of Monte Cassino begins with the destruction of the historic Benedictine monastery on Monte Cassino by Allied bombing. The Allies believed the grounds were used as an observation post by the Germans. The Soviet bridgehead on the west coast of Lake Peipus is annihilated. Soviet Leningrad Front initiates the Narva Offensive, February 15–28.

1944 年 2 月 15 日 - 第二次卡西诺山战役开始，盟军轰炸摧毁了卡西诺山历史悠久的本笃会修道院。盟军认为该场地被德国人用作观察哨。佩普斯湖西岸的苏军桥头堡被歼。苏联列宁格勒方面军于 2 月 15 日至 28 日发起纳尔瓦攻势。

16 February 1944 - Germans launch a major counter-attack at Anzio, threatening the American beachhead. Germans, with Panzer forces leading, fail to break out of the Korsun pocket. Diplomats from the USSR and Finland meet to sign an armistice.

1944 年 2 月 16 日 - 德国人在安齐奥发动大规模反击，威胁美国的滩头阵地。德军在装甲部队的带领下未能突破科尔松包围圈。苏联和芬兰的外交官会面签署停战协议。

18 February 1944 - The light cruiser HMS Penelope is torpedoed and sunk off the coast of Anzio with a loss of 415 crew. American naval air raid takes place on the Truk islands, a major Japanese naval base, but they will be one of the bypassed fortresses of the Japanese outer defence ring.

1944 年 2 月 18 日 - 轻型巡洋舰 HMS Penelope 在安齐奥海岸被鱼雷击沉，造成 415 名船员丧生。美国海军空袭特鲁克群岛是日本主要海军基地，但它们将成为日本外防线被绕过的堡垒之一。

19 February 1944 - Leipzig, Germany is bombed for two straight nights. This marks the beginning of a " Big Week " bombing campaign against German industrial cities by Allied bombers.

1944 年 2 月 19 日 - 德国莱比锡连续两晚遭到轰炸。这标志着盟军轰炸机对德国工业城市的“大周”轰炸行动的开始。

20 February 1944 - A colonial military garrison in Luluabourg in the Belgian Congo mutinies, killing three.

1944 年 2 月 20 日 - 卢卢阿堡的殖民军驻军在比属刚果发生兵变，造成三人死亡。

22 February 1944 - John P. Lucas is replaced as commander of the U.S. VI Corps by Major General Lucian Truscott at Anzio.

1944 年 2 月 22 日 - 安齐奥的卢西恩·特拉斯科特少将取代约翰·P·卢卡斯担任美国第六军司令。

26 February 1944 - The "Big Week" bombing campaign comes to a successful conclusion; the American P-51 Mustang fighter with its long range proves invaluable in protecting American bombers over Germany. Red Air Force continues to bomb Helsinki, as Finland continues peace talks.

1944 年 2 月 26 日——“大周”轰炸行动圆满结束；事实证明，具有远航程的美国 P-51 野马战斗机对于保护德国上空的美国轰炸机具有无价的价值。芬兰继续进行和平谈判，红色空军继续轰炸赫尔辛基。

28 February 1944 - Belgian industrialist Alexandre Galopin is assassinated in occupied Belgium by Flemish paramilitaries.

1944 年 2 月 28 日 - 比利时实业家亚历山大·加洛平 (Alexandre Galopin) 在被占领的比利时被佛兰德斯准军事部队暗杀。

29 February 1944 - The Admiralty Islands are invaded by U.S. forces, marked by the Battle of Los Negros and Operation Brewer. The struggle for this important fleet anchorage will continue until May. Rabaul is now completely isolated.

1944 年 2 月 29 日 - 以洛斯内格罗斯战役和布鲁尔行动为标志的美军入侵金钟群岛。争夺这个重要的舰队锚地的斗争将持续到五月。拉包尔现在完全被孤立了。

1 March 1944 - The keels of USS Tarawa and USS Kearsarge are laid down. Anti-fascist strikes occur in northern Italy. Leningrad Front initiate the Narva Offensive, March 1–4. The Allies bomb the Vatican for the 2nd time

1944 年 3 月 1 日 - 塔拉瓦号航空母舰和基尔萨奇号航空母舰的龙骨安放。意大利北部发生反法西斯罢工。列宁格勒方面军于 3 月 1 日至 4 日发起纳尔瓦攻势。盟军第二次轰炸梵蒂冈

3 March 1944 - German forces around Anzio, having failed to drive the Allies from the beachhead, go over to a defensive posture.

1944 年 3 月 3 日 - 安齐奥周围的德军未能将盟军赶出滩头阵地，转而采取防御姿态。

4 March 1944 - Winston Churchill told the House of Commons the Allies intended to completely isolate Ireland to prevent military secrets from leaking to the Axis, hinting the border with Northern Ireland would soon be closed. 30 Royal Air Force planes were sent to attack Düsseldorf overnight.

1944 年 3 月 4 日 - 温斯顿·丘吉尔告诉下议院，盟军打算完全孤立爱尔兰，以防止军事机密泄露给轴心国，并暗示与北爱尔兰的边界将很快关闭。 30 架皇家空军飞机连夜出动攻击杜塞尔多夫。

6 March 1944 - Wingate's Chindits make several successful forays in Burma. The Soviet Air Force bombs Narva, the city is destroyed. The Leningrad Front initiates the Narva Offensive, March 6–24. The Allies receive intelligence that the Japanese may be about to attack Western Australia, causing them to greatly bolster defenses there. When no attack comes, forces return to their regular stations on the 20th.

1944 年 3 月 6 日 - 温盖特的 Chindits 多次成功进军缅甸。苏联空军轰炸纳尔瓦，城市被毁。 3 月 6 日至 24 日，列宁格勒方面军发起纳尔瓦攻势。盟军收到情报称日本可能即将进攻西澳大利亚，促使他们大力加强那里的防御。当没有袭击发生时，部队于 20 日返回常规驻地。

7 March 1944 - Japanese begin an invasion attempt on India, starting a four-month battle around Imphal.

1944 年 3 月 7 日 - 日本开始入侵印度，并在因帕尔周围开始了为期四个月的战斗。

8 March 1944 - American forces are attacked by Japanese troops on Hill 700 in Bougainville; the battle will last five days. A Red Army offensive on a wide front west of the Dnieper in Ukraine forces the Germans into a major retreat.

1944 年 3 月 8 日 - 美军在布干维尔 700 号高地遭到日军袭击；战斗将持续五天。红军在乌克兰第聂伯河以西的广阔战线上发起进攻，迫使德军大规模撤退。

9 March 1944 - The Soviet Long Range Aviation carries out an air raid on Tallinn, Estonia. The military targets are almost untouched. Approx. 800 civilians die and 20,000 people are left without shelter.

1944 年 3 月 9 日 - 苏联远程航空兵对爱沙尼亚塔林进行空袭。军事目标几乎没有受到影响。大约。 800 名平民死亡，2 万人无家可归。

10 March 1944 - The creation of the Political Committee of National Liberation in Greece.

1944 年 3 月 10 日 - 希腊民族解放政治委员会成立。

13 March 1944 - On Bougainville, Japanese troops end their failed assault on American forces at Hill 700.

1944 年 3 月 13 日 - 在布干维尔，日军结束了对 700 号高地美军的失败袭击。

15 March 1944 - The third Battle of Monte Cassino begins. The small town of Cassino is destroyed by Allied bombers. Americans take Manus Island in the Admiralty chain. The National Council of the French Resistance approves the Resistance programme.

1944 年 3 月 15 日 - 第三次卡西诺山战役开始。卡西诺小镇被盟军轰炸机摧毁。美国人占领了金钟链中的马努斯岛。法国抵抗运动全国委员会批准了抵抗运动的计划。

19 March 1944 - German forces occupy Hungary in Operation Margarethe. Yugoslav partisans attack Trieste, on the border of Italy and Slovenia.

1944 年 3 月 19 日 - 德国军队在玛格丽特行动中占领匈牙利。南斯拉夫游击队袭击了意大利和斯洛文尼亚边境的里雅斯特。

20 March 1944 - Red Army advances in Ukraine continue with great success.

1944 年 3 月 20 日 - 红军继续在乌克兰推进并取得巨大成功。

22 March 1944 - Japanese forces cross the Indian border all along the Imphal front. Frankfurt is bombed with heavy civilian losses.

1944 年 3 月 22 日 - 日本军队沿着英帕尔前线穿越印度边境。法兰克福遭到轰炸，平民伤亡惨重。

24 March 1944 - The Fosse Ardeatine massacre in Rome, Italy. 335 Italians are killed, including 75 Jews and over 200 members of various groups in the Italian Resistance; this is a German response to a bomb blast that killed German troops. Orde Wingate is killed in a plane crash. Heavy bombings of German cities at various strategic locations last for 24 hours.

1944 年 3 月 24 日 - 意大利罗马福斯阿德丁大屠杀。 335 名意大利人被杀，其中包括 75 名犹太人和 200 多名意大利抵抗运动各团体的成员；这是德国对造成德军死亡的炸弹爆炸的反应。奥德·温盖特在一次飞机失事中丧生。对德国各个战略要地城市的猛烈轰炸持续了24小时。

26 March 1944 - On Narva front, Strachwitz Offensive destroys part of the Soviet bridgehead.

1944 年 3 月 26 日 - 在纳尔瓦前线，斯特拉赫维茨攻势摧毁了苏联桥头堡的一部分。

30 March 1944 - RAF suffers grievous losses in a huge air raid on Nuremberg.

1944 年 3 月 30 日 - 英国皇家空军在对纽伦堡的大规模空袭中遭受严重损失。

3 April 1944 - Allied bombers hit Budapest in Hungary, now occupied by the Germans, and Bucharest in Romania, ahead of the advancing Red Army.

1944 年 4 月 3 日 - 盟军轰炸机先于红军前进，袭击了现已被德国占领的匈牙利布达佩斯和罗马尼亚布加勒斯特。

4 April 1944 - General Charles de Gaulle takes command of all Free French forces.

1944 年 4 月 4 日 - 戴高乐将军指挥所有自由法国军队。

5 April 1944 - US Air Force bombs Ploiești oil fields in Romania, with heavy losses.

1944 年 4 月 5 日 - 美国空军轰炸了罗马尼亚的普洛耶什蒂油田，造成严重损失。

6 April 1944 - The Japanese drive on the Plain of Imphal, supposedly halted, proves strong enough to surround British forces at Imphal and Kohima, in India.

1944 年 4 月 6 日 - 日本在英帕尔平原上的进攻本应停止，但事实证明其强大力量足以包围印度英帕尔和科希马的英军。

8 April 1944 - The Red Army attacks in an attempt to retake all of the Crimea, the Germans retreat westward to Sevastopol.

1944 年 4 月 8 日 - 红军发动进攻，试图夺回整个克里米亚，德军向西撤退至塞瓦斯托波尔。

10 April 1944 - Soviet forces enter Odessa, Ukraine.

1944 年 4 月 10 日 - 苏联军队进入乌克兰敖德萨。

11 April 1944 - Soviet forces take Kerch, beginning the reconquest of Crimea.

1944 年 4 月 11 日 - 苏联军队占领刻赤，开始重新征服克里米亚。

15 April 1944 - Heavy air raids on Ploiești oil fields (Romania) by both the RAF and the US Air Force.

1944 年 4 月 15 日 - 英国皇家空军和美国空军对普洛耶什蒂油田（罗马尼亚）进行了猛烈空袭。

16 April 1944 - Soviet forces take Yalta; most of Crimea has been liberated.

1944 年 4 月 16 日 - 苏联军队占领雅尔塔；克里米亚大部分地区已被解放。

17 April 1944 - Japanese launch Operation Ichi-Go with over 600,000 men in central China. The objective is to conquer areas where American bombers are located. The first phase is the Battle of Central Henan.

1944 年 4 月 17 日 - 日本在中国中部发动了超过 60 万人的“一号行动”。目标是征服美国轰炸机所在的地区。 第一阶段是豫中战役。

21 April 1944 - The Badoglio government in Italy falls and he is quickly asked to form another. An Allied air raid on Paris kills a large number of civilians.

1944 年 4 月 21 日 - 意大利巴多格里奥政府垮台，他很快被要求组建另一个政府。盟军对巴黎的空袭造成大量平民死亡。

22 April 1944 - Operations Reckless and Persecution: US troops land at Hollandia and Aitape in northern New Guinea to cut off Japanese forces in Wewak.

1944 年 4 月 22 日 - 鲁莽和迫害行动：美军在新几内亚北部的霍兰迪亚和艾塔佩登陆，切断维瓦克的日军。

24 April 1944 - British troops force open the road from Imphal to Kohima in India.

1944 年 4 月 24 日 - 英国军队强行开辟从印度因帕尔到科希马的道路。

25 April 1944 - LTG George Patton suffered yet another controversy setback, when giving a speech at the welcome Center in Knutsford, England. He opined that "the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union" were destined to rule the post-war world. A reporter's story the next day left out Soviet Union, and the Kremlin was offended; Patton was reprimanded by Eisenhower.

1944 年 4 月 25 日 - 乔治·巴顿中尉在英国纳茨福德的欢迎中心发表演讲时再次遭遇争议挫折。他认为“美国、英国和苏联”注定将统治战后世界。第二天，一位记者的报道没有提及苏联，克里姆林宫感到愤怒；巴顿受到艾森豪威尔的训斥。

27 April 1944 - The Slapton Sands tragedy: hundreds of American soldiers and sailors are killed over two days in a training exercise in preparation for D-Day at Slapton in Devon.

1944 年 4 月 27 日 - 斯拉普顿桑兹惨案：在德文郡斯拉普顿举行的为诺曼底登陆做准备的两天训练演习中，数百名美国士兵和水手丧生。

30 April 1944 - Vast preparations for D-Day are going on all over southern England. American navy air raids continue in the Caroline Islands, including Truk.

1944 年 4 月 30 日 - 英格兰南部各地正在进行诺曼底登陆的大规模准备工作。美国海军继续对包括特鲁克在内的加罗林群岛进行空袭。

6 May 1944 - Heavy Allied bombings of the Continent in preparation for D-Day.

1944 年 5 月 6 日 - 盟军对欧洲大陆进行猛烈轰炸，为诺曼底登陆做准备。

8 May 1944 - D-Day for Operation Overlord set for 5 June.

1944 年 5 月 8 日 - 霸王行动的诺曼底登陆日定于 6 月 5 日。

9 May 1944 - Sevastopol in the Crimea is retaken by Soviet forces.

1944 年 5 月 9 日 - 克里米亚的塞瓦斯托波尔被苏联军队夺回。

11 May 1944 - The fourth battle of Monte Cassino begins led by general Anders of the 2nd Polish Corps.

1944 年 5 月 11 日 - 第四次卡西诺山战役在波兰第二军团安德斯将军的指挥下打响。

12 May 1944 - Large numbers of Chinese troops invade northern Burma.

1944 年 5 月 12 日——大批中国军队入侵缅甸北部。

13 May 1944 - The entirety of Crimea is under Soviet control. Many thousands of German and Romanian soldiers have been captured, but many thousands have been evacuated. The bridgehead over the Gari River is reinforced.

1944 年 5 月 13 日 - 整个克里米亚都处于苏联控制之下。数千名德国和罗马尼亚士兵被俘，但数千人已被疏散。加里河桥头堡得到加固。

15 May 1944 - More than 130 Allied political leaders and military officers, including King George VI, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, GEN Dwight D. Eisenhower, LTG George S. Patton, GEN Bernard L. Montgomery, and LTG John C. H. Lee met for the final joint briefing for D-Day at St. Paul's School in Hammersmith, west of London, England.

1944 年 5 月 15 日 - 包括乔治六世国王、英国首相温斯顿·丘吉尔、德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔将军、乔治·S·巴顿中将、伯纳德·L·蒙哥马利将军和约翰·C·H·李中将在内的 130 多名盟军政治领导人和军官在英国伦敦西部哈默史密斯的圣保罗学校举行了诺曼底登陆日的最后联合简报会。

18 May 1944 - The Battle of Monte Cassino ends in Allied victory. Polish troops of the 2nd Polish Corps led by general Władysław Anders capture Monte Cassino. German troops in west Italy have withdrawn to the Hitler Line. Allied troops take airfields at Myitkyina, Burma, an important air base; the struggle over the city itself will continue for nearly three months. The last Japanese resistance in the Admiralty Islands, off New ...

1944 年 5 月 18 日 - 卡西诺山战役以盟军胜利而结束。由瓦迪斯瓦夫·安德斯将军率领的波兰第二军团的波兰军队占领了卡西诺山。意大利西部的德军已撤至希特勒防线。盟军占领了缅甸重要空军基地密支那的机场；围绕这座城市本身的斗争将持续近三个月。日本在金钟群岛的最后一次抵抗，靠近新......

21 May 1944 - Increased Allied bombing of targets in France in preparation for D-Day.

1944 年 5 月 21 日 - 盟军增加了对法国目标的轰炸，为诺曼底登陆做准备。

23 May 1944 - Allies start a new breakout from Anzio.

1944 年 5 月 23 日 - 盟军从安齐奥开始新的突破。

25 May 1944 - Allies at Anzio link up with Allies from south Italy. Though Harold Alexander wishes to trap the German Tenth Army, American Fifth Army commander Mark W. Clark orders Truscott to turn north toward Rome. The Germans in Italy form a new defensive position on the Caesar C line.

1944 年 5 月 25 日 - 盟军在安齐奥与意大利南部的盟军会合。尽管哈罗德·亚历山大希望困住德国第十集团军，但美国第五集团军指挥官马克·W·克拉克命令特拉斯科特向北转向罗马。意大利境内的德军在凯撒C线形成新的防御阵地。

27 May 1944 - Operation Horlicks starts, as Americans land on Biak, Dutch New Guinea, a key Japanese air base; stubborn Japanese resistance until August.

1944 年 5 月 27 日 - 好力克行动开始，美军登陆荷属新几内亚的比亚克，这是日本的一个重要空军基地；日本人的顽强抵抗一直持续到八月。

31 May 1944 - The Japanese retreat from Imphal (India) with heavy losses; their invasion of India is over.

1944 年 5 月 31 日 - 日军从因帕尔（印度）撤退，损失惨重；他们对印度的入侵已经结束。

3 June 1944 - There are daily bombings of the Cherbourg peninsula and the Normandy area. The provisional French government is established

1944 年 6 月 3 日 - 瑟堡半岛和诺曼底地区每天都会发生轰炸。法国临时政府成立

4 June 1944 - Allies enter Rome, one day after the Germans declared it an open city. German troops fall back to the Trasimene Line. Operation Overlord is postponed 24 hours due to high seas. German U-505 is captured by US forces, and towed to Bermuda.

1944 年 6 月 4 日 - 在德国宣布罗马开放城市一天后，盟军进入罗马。德军撤退至特拉西梅内防线。由于公海原因，霸王行动推迟了 24 小时。德国 U-505 被美军俘获，并拖至百慕大。

5 June 1944 - Operation Overlord commences when more than 1,000 British bombers drop 5,000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day. The first Allied troops land in Normandy; paratroopers are scattered from Caen southward. In the Pacific, the U.S. fleet transporting the expeditionary forces for the invasion of Saipan in the Mariana Islands leaves Pearl Harbor.

1944 年 6 月 5 日 - 霸王行动开始，1,000 多架英国轰炸机向诺曼底海岸的德国炮台投掷 5,000 吨炸弹，为诺曼底登陆做好准备。第一支盟军部队登陆诺曼底；伞兵从卡昂向南分散。在太平洋，运送入侵马里亚纳群岛塞班岛远征军的美国舰队离开珍珠港。

6 June 1944 - D-Day begins with the landing of 155,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy in France. The Allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland in the largest amphibious military operation in history.

1944 年 6 月 6 日 - 诺曼底登陆日以 155,000 名盟军在法国诺曼底海滩登陆开始。盟军士兵迅速突破大西洋壁垒，向内陆推进，这是历史上最大规模的两栖军事行动。

9 June 1944 - No agreement having been reached on their mutual borders, Soviet forces launch an offensive against Finland with the intent of defeating Finland before pushing for Berlin.

1944 年 6 月 9 日 - 由于双方未能就共同边界达成协议，苏联军队对芬兰发动攻势，意图在进攻柏林之前击败芬兰。

10 June 1944 - At Oradour-sur-Glane (a town near Limoges), France, 642 men, women, and children are massacred in a German response to local Resistance activities. In the Distomo massacre in Greece, 218 civilians are killed.

1944 年 6 月 10 日 - 在法国格拉讷河畔奥拉杜尔（利摩日附近的一个小镇），德国针对当地抵抗运动的反应导致 642 名男女和儿童遭到屠杀。在希腊迪斯托莫大屠杀中，218名平民被杀。

12 June 1944 - American aircraft carriers commence air strikes on the Marianas, including Saipan, preparing for invasion.

1944 年 6 月 12 日 - 美国航空母舰开始对包括塞班岛在内的马里亚纳群岛进行空袭，准备入侵。

13 June 1944 - Germany launches a V1 Flying Bomb attack on England, in Hitler's view a kind of revenge for the invasion. He believes in Germany's victory with this "secret weapon". The V-1 attacks will continue through October, when the last launch site is taken by Allied forces. The U.S. Naval bombardment of Saipan begins. In response, Admiral Toyoda Soemu, commander-in-chief of the Imperial Japanese Navy, orders his fleet to a...

1944 年 6 月 13 日 - 德国对英国发动 V1 飞行炸弹袭击，希特勒认为这是对入侵的报复。他相信德国能够凭借这一“秘密武器”取得胜利。 V-1 的攻击将持续到 10 月份，届时最后一个发射场将被盟军占领。美国海军开始轰炸塞班岛。作为回应，日本帝国海军总司令丰田副武海军上将命令他的舰队……

15 June 1944 - U.S. Marine and Army forces invade the island of Saipan. U.S. submarines sight the Japanese fleet en route.

1944 年 6 月 15 日 - 美国海军陆战队和陆军部队入侵塞班岛。美国潜艇在途中发现了日本舰队。

18 June 1944 - 19-20: The Battle of the Philippine Sea, nicknamed the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot by Americans, takes place. The United States Fifth Fleet wins a decisive naval battle over the Imperial Japanese Navy near the Mariana Islands. Over 200 Japanese planes are shot down while the Americans only lose 29 to enemy action.

1944 年 6 月 18 日 - 19 日至 20 日：菲律宾海海战爆发，被美国人戏称为“马里亚纳大射火鸡”。美国第五舰队在马里亚纳群岛附近对日本帝国海军进行了一场决定性的海战。超过 200 架日本飞机被击落，而美国飞机仅因敌方行动而损失 29 架。

19 June 1944 - A severe Channel storm destroys one of the Allies' Mulberry harbours in Normandy. The Red Army prepares for "Operation Bagration", a huge offensive in Byelorussia (White Russia).

1944 年 6 月 19 日 - 一场严重的海峡风暴摧毁了盟军位于诺曼底的桑树港之一。红军准备在白俄罗斯（白俄罗斯）发动大规模攻势“巴格拉季昂行动”。

20 June 1944 - The British take Perugia, Italy. The Siege of Imphal is lifted after three months.

1944 年 6 月 20 日 - 英国占领意大利佩鲁贾。三个月后，因帕尔之围解除。

22 June 1944 - V-1s continue to hit England, especially London, sometimes with horrifying losses. Operation Bagration: General attack by Soviet forces to clear the German forces from Belarus This results in the destruction of the German Army Group Centre, possibly the greatest defeat of the Wehrmacht during World War II. In the Burma Campaign, the Battle of Kohima ends with a British victory.

1944 年 6 月 22 日 - V-1 继续袭击英格兰，尤其是伦敦，有时造成可怕的损失。巴格拉季昂行动：苏联军队发动全面进攻，将德军从白俄罗斯清除出去，这导致德国中央集团军群被摧毁，这可能是二战期间国防军最大的失败。在缅甸战役中，科希马战役以英国的胜利而结束。

23 June 1944 - The National Committee of the Republic of Estonia makes a declaration "to the Estonian People." The declaration was made public to the world press in Stockholm in July 1944 and in Tallinn on 1 August 1944.

1944 年 6 月 23 日 - 爱沙尼亚共和国全国委员会“致爱沙尼亚人民”发表声明。该宣言于 1944 年 7 月在斯德哥尔摩和 1944 年 8 月 1 日在塔林向世界媒体公开。

25 June 1944 - The Battle of Tali-Ihantala between Finnish and Soviet troops begins. Largest battle ever to be fought in the Nordic countries.

1944 年 6 月 25 日 - 芬兰和苏联军队之间的塔利-伊汉塔拉战役打响。北欧国家有史以来最大规模的战斗。

27 June 1944 - San Marino is bombed by the Allies, under the belief that Axis forces had been stationed there

1944 年 6 月 27 日 - 圣马力诺被盟军轰炸，因为他们相信轴心国军队曾驻扎在那里

1 July 1944 - The Leningrad diarist Tanya Savicheva dies of starvation at the age of 14. Her diary of her family's death during the siege becomes famous.

1944 年 7 月 1 日 - 列宁格勒日记作家塔尼娅·萨维切娃 (Tanya Savicheva) 死于饥饿，享年 14 岁。她在日记中记录的家人在围困期间死亡的日记广为人知。

2 July 1944 - V-1s continue to have devastating effects in South-East England in terms of material destruction and losses of life.

1944 年 7 月 2 日 - V-1 继续在英格兰东南部造成物质破坏和人员伤亡方面的破坏性影响。

3 July 1944 - Minsk in Belarus is liberated by Soviet forces. The Allies find themselves in the "battle of the hedgerows ", as they are stymied by the agricultural hedges in Western France which intelligence had not properly evaluated. Various impromptu devices and inventions, often made out of cut-up German "hedgehog" shore-defense devices and mounted to Allied tanks, are designed and made to successfully deal with the matter....

1944 年 7 月 3 日 - 白俄罗斯明斯克被苏联军队解放。盟军发现自己陷入了“树篱之战”，因为他们受到法国西部农业树篱的阻碍，而情报没有对这些树篱进行适当评估。各种临时装置和发明通常是由德国“刺猬”岸防装置切割而成并安装在盟军坦克上，旨在成功地解决这一问题......

9 July 1944 - After heavy resistance Caen, France, is liberated by the British troops on the left flank of the Allied advance. Saipan is declared secure, the Japanese having lost over 30,000 troops; in the last stages numerous civilians commit suicide with the encouragement of Japanese military.

1944 年 7 月 9 日 - 经过顽强抵抗，法国卡昂被盟军左翼的英国军队解放。塞班岛宣告安全，日军损失超过 30,000 名士兵；在最后阶段，许多平民在日本军方的怂恿下自杀。

10 July 1944 - Japanese are still resisting on New Guinea. Tokyo is bombed for the first time since the Doolittle raid of April 1942.

1944 年 7 月 10 日 - 日本人仍在新几内亚进行抵抗。自 1942 年 4 月杜立特空袭以来，东京首次遭到轰炸。

11 July 1944 - President Roosevelt announces that he will run for an unprecedented fourth term as U.S. President.

1944 年 7 月 11 日 - 罗斯福总统宣布他将史无前例地第四次竞选美国总统。

12 July 1944 - Hitler rejects General Field Marshal Walther Model 's proposal to withdraw the German forces from Estonia and northern Latvia and retreat to the Daugava River.

1944 年 7 月 12 日 - 希特勒拒绝了瓦尔特·莫德尔元帅将德军从爱沙尼亚和拉脱维亚北部撤军并撤退至道加瓦河的提议。

17 July 1944 - Field Marshal Rommel is badly wounded when his car is strafed from the air in France.

1944 年 7 月 17 日 - 隆美尔元帅的汽车在法国遭到空中扫射，身受重伤。

18 July 1944 - General Hideki Tojo resigns as chief minister of the Japanese government as the defeats of the Japanese military forces continue to mount. Emperor Hirohito asks General Kuniaki Koiso to form a new government. Saint-Lô, France is taken, and the Allied breakout from hedgerow country in Normandy begins.

1944 年 7 月 18 日 - 随着日本军队的战败不断加剧，东条英机将军辞去了日本政府首席大臣的职务。裕仁天皇要求小矶邦明将军组建新政府。法国圣洛被占领，盟军开始从诺曼底的灌木丛地区突围。

20 July 1944 - The July 20 Plot is carried out by Col. Claus von Stauffenberg in a failed attempt to assassinate Hitler. Hitler was visiting headquarters at Rastenburg, East Prussia. Reprisals follow against the plotters and their families, and even include Rommel.

1944 年 7 月 20 日 - 克劳斯·冯·施陶芬贝格上校实施了“7 月 20 日阴谋”，刺杀希特勒失败。希特勒正在参观东普鲁士拉斯滕堡的总部。策划者及其家人遭到报复，甚至包括隆美尔。

22 July 1944 - Hitler gives permission to retreat from the Narva River to the Tannenberg defence line in the Sinimäed Hills 20 km west from Narva.

1944 年 7 月 22 日 - 希特勒允许从纳尔瓦河撤退到纳尔瓦以西 20 公里处的锡尼迈德山的坦能堡防线。

24 July 1944 - Marines land on Tinian Island, last of the Marianas (after Saipan and Guam); Tinian will eventually be a B-29 base, and the base from which the atomic bombers departed. Operation Cobra is now in full swing: the breakout at St. Lô in Normandy with American troops taking Coutances. At the start of the Soviet Narva Offensive, July 24–30, the Soviet 8th Army is beaten by the Estonian 45th Regiment and East Prussian 44...

1944 年 7 月 24 日 - 海军陆战队登陆天宁岛，这是马里亚纳群岛的最后一个岛屿（继塞班岛和关岛之后）；天宁岛最终将成为 B-29 基地，也是原子弹轰炸机起飞的基地。眼镜蛇行动现已如火如荼地进行：美军在诺曼底圣洛突破，占领了库坦斯。 7月24日至30日，苏联纳尔瓦攻势开始时，苏联第8集团军被爱沙尼亚第45团和东普鲁士第44团击败……

26 July 1944 - 27 July to 10 August: Battles on the Tannenberg Line. At the start of the battles there are 25 Estonian and 24 Dutch, Danish and Flemish infantry battalions on the German side at the Narva Front. The artillery forces, and the tank, engineer and other special units are composed mainly of Germans. The attack by the Soviet Armed Forces is stopped, tens of thousands of men are killed on both sides.

1944年7月26日至7月27日至8月10日：坦能堡防线的战斗。战斗开始时，纳尔瓦前线的德方有 25 个爱沙尼亚步兵营和 24 个荷兰、丹麦和佛兰德步兵营。炮兵、坦克、工兵和其他特种部队主要由德国人组成。苏联武装部队的进攻被制止，双方都有数万人死亡。

26 July 1944 - The first aerial victory for a jet fighter occurs, with an Me 262 of the Luftwaffe's Ekdo 262 damaging a de Havilland Mosquito reconnaissance aircraft of the Royal Air Force's No. 540 Squadron RAF. The Leningrad Front's Narva Offensive captures the town.

1944 年 7 月 26 日 - 喷气式战斗机首次取得空中胜利，德国空军 Ekdo 262 的一架 Me 262 击伤了英国皇家空军第 540 中队的一架德哈维兰蚊式侦察机。列宁格勒方面军的纳尔瓦攻势占领了该镇。

28 July 1944 - The Red Army take Brest-Litovsk. The first operational use of the Me 163B Komet rocket fighter occurs by units of JG 400 in defense of the Leuna synthetic fuel facilities, the Third Reich's largest synthetic fuels complex.

1944 年 7 月 28 日 - 红军占领布列斯特-立托夫斯克。 Me 163B Komet 火箭战斗机的首次投入使用是由 JG 400 部队用于保卫第三帝国最大的合成燃料综合设施洛纳合成燃料设施。

29 July 1944 - A decisive day in the Battle of Narva, allowing the German army detachment "Narwa", including Estonian conscript formations to delay the Soviet Baltic Offensive for another one and a half months.

1944 年 7 月 29 日 - 纳尔瓦战役中的决定性一天，使得包括爱沙尼亚征兵部队在内的德国陆军“纳尔瓦”分遣队将苏联波罗的海攻势又推迟了一个半月。

1 August 1944 - The Warsaw Uprising, staged by the Polish Home Army, begins: the Polish people rise up, expecting aid from the approaching Soviet Union armies, but it never comes. The Red Army isolates the Baltic States from East Prussia by taking Kaunas. The Americans complete the capture of the island of Tinian.

1944 年 8 月 1 日 - 由波兰祖国军发动的华沙起义开始：波兰人民奋起反抗，期待来自逼近的苏联军队的援助，但援助从未到来。红军占领考纳斯，将波罗的海国家与东普鲁士隔离。美国人完成了对天宁岛的占领。

3 August 1944 - Allied U.S. and Chinese troops under Stilwell overcome a vigorous Japanese defense and take Myitkyina, in northern Burma.

1944 年 8 月 3 日 - 史迪威领导的美国和中国盟军克服了日本的顽强防守，占领了缅甸北部的密支那。

4 August 1944 - Florence is liberated by the Allies, particularly British and South African troops. Before exiting, the Germans under General Albert Kesselring destroy some historic bridges and historically valuable buildings. Rennes, France, is liberated by American forces.

1944 年 8 月 4 日 - 盟军，特别是英国和南非军队解放了佛罗伦萨。在退出之前，阿尔伯特·凯塞林将军领导的德国人摧毁了一些历史悠久的桥梁和具有历史价值的建筑。法国雷恩被美军解放。

5 August 1944 - Wola massacre: 40-50 thousand civilians murdered by German and collaborating Russian forces in the Wola district of Warsaw. The Cowra breakout: Japanese POWs escape from an Australian prison near Cowra, New South Wales. Two guards are killed and posthumously awarded the George Cross.

1944 年 8 月 5 日 - 沃拉大屠杀：40-50,000 名平民在华沙沃拉区被德国和俄罗斯联军杀害。考拉越狱：日本战俘从新南威尔士州考拉附近的澳大利亚监狱越狱。两名警卫被杀，死后被追授乔治十字勋章。

6 August 1944 - Germans round up young men in Kraków to stop the potential Kraków Uprising (1944). Ukrainian insurgents kill 42 Polish civilians in the Baligród massacre.

1944 年 8 月 6 日 - 德国人在克拉科夫围捕年轻人，以阻止潜在的克拉科夫起义（1944 年）。乌克兰叛乱分子在巴利格鲁德大屠杀中杀害了 42 名波兰平民。

7 August 1944 - First trials of the bomb conspirators against Hitler begin in a court presided over by notorious Judge Roland Freisler.

1944 年 8 月 7 日 - 对针对希特勒的炸弹阴谋者的首次审判在臭名昭著的法官罗兰·弗赖斯勒 (Roland Freisler) 主持的法庭上开始。

8 August 1944 - Plotters in the bomb plot against Hitler are hanged and their bodies hung on meat hooks. Reprisals against their families continue.

1944 年 8 月 8 日 - 策划针对希特勒的炸弹阴谋的策划者被绞死，他们的尸体挂在肉钩上。针对他们家人的报复仍在继续。

9 August 1944 - President Roosevelt chooses General Douglas MacArthur 's plan to invade the Philippines and turns down Admiral Chester W. Nimitz 's plan to invade Taiwan.

1944 年 8 月 9 日 - 罗斯福总统选择了道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟将军入侵菲律宾的计划，并拒绝了海军上将切斯特·W·尼米兹入侵台湾的计划。

10 August 1944 - Guam is liberated by American troops; all of the Marianas are now in American hands. They will be turned into a major air and naval centre against the Japanese homeland. USAAF bombers attack Palembang in the Dutch East Indies

1944 年 8 月 10 日 - 关岛被美军解放；所有马里亚纳群岛现在都在美国人手中。它们将成为对抗日本本土的主要空中和海军中心。美国空军轰炸机袭击荷属东印度群岛的巨港

14 August 1944 - The failure of the Allies to close the Falaise pocket in France proves advantageous to the Germans fleeing to the east who escape the pincer movement of the Allies. A clash between Italian POWs and American servicemen ends in the Fort Lawton Riot

1944 年 8 月 14 日 - 盟军未能关闭法国的法莱兹包围圈，这对于逃离盟军夹击的向东逃亡的德国人来说是有利的。意大利战俘与美国军人之间的冲突以劳顿堡骚乱结束

15 August 1944 - Operation Dragoon begins, marked by amphibious Allied landings in southern France. The Allies reach the "Gothic Line", the last German strategic position in North Italy.

1944 年 8 月 15 日 - 龙骑兵行动开始，盟军在法国南部登陆。盟军到达“哥特防线”，这是德国在意大利北部的最后一个战略阵地。

18 August 1944 - Following the assassination of a collaborationist politician in Belgium by the resistance, 20 civilians are massacred in Courcelles by paramilitaries in retaliation. The Red Army reaches the East Prussian border.

1944 年 8 月 18 日 - 比利时一名通敌政客被抵抗运动暗杀后，准军事部队在库尔塞勒屠杀了 20 名平民作为报复。红军抵达东普鲁士边境。

19 August 1944 - The French Resistance begins an uprising in Paris, partly inspired by the Allied approach to the Seine River. In a radio broadcast, Jüri Uluots, the acting Head of State of Estonia, calls the Estonian conscripts to hold the Soviet Armed Forces back until a peace treaty with Germany is signed.

1944 年 8 月 19 日 - 法国抵抗运动在巴黎开始起义，部分原因是盟军逼近塞纳河。爱沙尼亚代理国家元首尤里·乌洛茨在广播中呼吁爱沙尼亚应征入伍者阻止苏联武装部队，直到与德国签署和平条约。

20 August 1944 - The Red Army relaunches its offensive into Romania. 168 Allied airmen arrive at Buchenwald concentration camp.

1944 年 8 月 20 日 - 红军重新发起对罗马尼亚的攻势。 168 名盟军飞行员抵达布痕瓦尔德集中营。

22 August 1944 - The Japanese are now in total retreat from India. German Chancellor Adolf Hitler issued the first of several orders to the German commander of Paris, General Dietrich von Choltitz, to destroy the city.

1944 年 8 月 22 日 - 日本人现已从印度全面撤退。德国总理阿道夫·希特勒向德国巴黎指挥官迪特里希·冯·肖尔蒂茨将军发出了多项命令中的第一项，以摧毁这座城市。

25 August 1944 - Paris is liberated; De Gaulle makes a triumphant speech at the Hotel de la Ville, which is also broadcast nationwide. The German military under Lt. Gen. von Choltitz disobeys Hitler's orders to burn the city and destroy all bridges over the Seine. Meanwhile, the southern Allied forces move up from the Riviera, take Grenoble and Avignon.

1944 年 8 月 25 日 - 巴黎解放；戴高乐在巴黎市政厅发表胜利演讲，演讲内容也在全国转播。冯·肖尔蒂茨中将领导的德国军队违反了希特勒的命令，烧毁了这座城市并摧毁了塞纳河上的所有桥梁。与此同时，南部盟军从里维埃拉出发，占领格勒诺布尔和阿维尼翁。

5 September 1944 - Antwerp is liberated by British 11th Armoured Division and local resistance. The uprising in Warsaw continues. United States III Corps arrives in European Theater. The Belgian, Dutch and Luxembourgish governments in exile sign the London Customs Convention, laying the foundations for the Benelux economic union.

1944 年 9 月 5 日 - 英国第 11 装甲师和当地抵抗力量解放了安特卫普。华沙的起义仍在继续。美国第三军抵达欧洲战区。比利时、荷兰和卢森堡流亡政府签署了《伦敦海关公约》，为比荷卢经济联盟奠定了基础。

6 September 1944 - The "blackout" is diminished to a "dim-out" as threat of invasion and further bombing seems an unlikely possibility. Ghent and Liège are liberated by British troops.

1944 年 9 月 6 日 - 由于入侵威胁和进一步轰炸的可能性似乎不太可能，“停电”减弱为“昏暗”。根特和列日被英国军队解放。

8 September 1944 - Ostend is liberated by Canadian troops. Soviet troops enter Bulgaria. The Belgian government in exile returns to Belgium from London where it has spent the war. The first successful operational use of the German V-2 rocket took place: two were launched at London, and one at Paris. A woman was killed by one that fell on the Chiswick area of London.

1944 年 9 月 8 日 - 加拿大军队解放了奥斯坦德。苏联军队进入保加利亚。比利时流亡政府从度过战争的伦敦返回比利时。德国 V-2 火箭首次成功投入使用：两枚在伦敦发射，一枚在巴黎发射。一名妇女在伦敦奇西克地区被坠落的炸弹炸死。

9 September 1944 - Charles de Gaulle forms the Provisional Government of the French Republic in France. The Fatherland Front of Bulgaria overthrows the national government and declares war on Germany.

1944 年 9 月 9 日 - 戴高乐在法国组建法兰西共和国临时政府。保加利亚祖国阵线推翻国家政府并向德国宣战。

10 September 1944 - Luxembourg is liberated by U.S. First Army. Two Allied forces meet at Dijon, cutting France in half. First Allied troops enter Germany, entering Aachen, a city on the border. Dutch railway workers go on strike. The German response results in the Dutch famine of 1944.

1944 年 9 月 10 日 - 卢森堡被美国第一军解放。两支盟军在第戎会师，将法国切成两半。第一批盟军部队进入德国，进入边境城市亚琛。荷兰铁路工人举行罢工。德国的反应导致了 1944 年荷兰的饥荒。

11 September 1944 - United States XXI Corps arrives in European Theater. the Air battle over the Ore Mountains (after German attacks on the US bomber formation, accompanying US Mustangs engage the German fighters)

1944 年 9 月 11 日 - 美国第 21 军抵达欧洲战区。厄尔士山脉空战（德国攻击美国轰炸机编队后，随行的美国野马与德国战斗机交战）

12 September 1944 - The Second Quebec Conference (codenamed "Octagon") begins: Roosevelt and Churchill discuss military cooperation in the Pacific and the future of Germany.

1944 年 9 月 12 日 - 第二次魁北克会议（代号“八角形”）开始：罗斯福和丘吉尔讨论太平洋地区的军事合作和德国的未来。

15 September 1944 - American Marines land on Peleliu in the Palau Islands; a bloody battle of attrition continues for two and a half months. German troops begin their withdrawal from Lapland.

1944 年 9 月 15 日 - 美国海军陆战队登陆帕劳群岛的贝里琉岛；一场血腥的消耗战持续了两个半月。德国军队开始从拉普兰撤军。

17 September 1944 - Operation Market Garden, the attempted liberation of Arnhem and turning of the German flank begins. British and commonwealth forces enter neutral San Marino and engage German forces in a small-scale conflict which ends 20 September.

1944 年 9 月 17 日 - 市场花园行动，试图解放阿纳姆并扭转德军侧翼。英国和英联邦军队进入中立国圣马力诺，与德国军队发生小规模冲突，冲突于 9 月 20 日结束。

18 September 1944 - Brest, France, an important Channel port, falls to the Allies. Jüri Uluots proclaims the Government of Estonia headed by Deputy Prime Minister Otto Tief.

1944 年 9 月 18 日 - 法国重要的海峡港口布雷斯特落入盟军之手。尤里·乌洛茨宣布成立以副总理奥托·蒂夫为首的爱沙尼亚政府。

20 September 1944 - The Government of Estonia seizes the government buildings of Toompea from the German forces and appeals to the Soviet Union for the independence of Estonia. The Soviet advance sparks a major Estonian civil evacuation abroad, with ca. 80,000 people (7% of the pre-war population), including almost the entire Coastal Swedish minority, fleeing mostly over the Baltic Sea to Sweden. United States XVI Corps arrives in E...

1944 年 9 月 20 日 - 爱沙尼亚政府从德国军队手中夺取托姆比亚政府大楼，并向苏联请求爱沙尼亚独立。 苏联的推进引发了爱沙尼亚民众向海外大规模疏散，大约持续了 10 年。 80,000 人（战前人口的 7%），包括几乎整个瑞典沿海少数民族，大部分通过波罗的海逃往瑞典。美国第十六军抵达东...

21 September 1944 - British forces take Rimini, Italy. The Second Dumbarton Oaks Conference begins: it will set guidelines for the United Nations. In Belgium, Charles of Flanders is sworn in as Prince-Regent while a decision is delayed about whether King Leopold III can ever return to his functions after being accused of collaboration. San Marino declares war on the Axis. The Government of Estonia prints a few hundred copies of the R...

1944 年 9 月 21 日 - 英国军队占领意大利里米尼。第二届敦巴顿橡树园会议开幕：它将为联合国制定指导方针。在比利时，佛兰德斯的查理宣誓就任摄政王，而关于国王利奥波德三世在被指控通敌后是否可以恢复职务的决定则被推迟。圣马力诺向轴心国宣战。爱沙尼亚政府印制了数百份 R...

24 September 1944 - The Red Army is well into Poland at this time. The Estonian government of Otto Tief fails to evacuate from Western Estonia and disbands, with most members of the government eventually captured by the Soviets.

1944 年 9 月 24 日 - 此时红军已深入波兰。奥托·蒂夫领导的爱沙尼亚政府未能从爱沙尼亚西部撤离并解散，政府的大多数成员最终被苏联俘虏。

25 September 1944 - British troops pull out of Arnhem with the failure of Operation Market Garden. Over 6,000 paratroopers are captured; of the British 1st Airborne Division, just under 8,000 of the 10,005 paratroopers are declared casualties, a staggering 80% loss. United States IX Corps arrives in Pacific Theater.

1944 年 9 月 25 日 - 随着市场花园行动失败，英国军队撤出阿纳姆。超过 6,000 名伞兵被俘；英国第 1 空降师的 10,005 名伞兵中，有近 8,000 人被宣布伤亡，损失高达 80%，令人震惊。美国第九军抵达太平洋战区。

26 September 1944 - In Caserta, Italy the Greek government in exile concluded an agreement with various guerrilla leaders who acknowledged its authority. There are signs of civil war in Greece as the Communist-controlled National Liberation Front and the British-backed government seem irreconcilable.

1944 年 9 月 26 日 - 在意大利卡塞塔，希腊流亡政府与承认其权威的各游击队领导人达成了一项协议。希腊有内战的迹象，共产党控制的民族解放阵线和英国支持的政府似乎不可调和。

28 September 1944 - Brig. Gen. Theodore Roosevelt Jr., dead of a heart attack on 12 July 1944, is posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his leadership and actions on D-Day at Utah Beach. The Soviets capture entire mainland Estonia.

1944 年 9 月 28 日 - 准将。小西奥多·罗斯福将军于 1944 年 7 月 12 日因心脏病去世，因其在犹他海滩诺曼底登陆日的领导和行动而被追授荣誉勋章。苏联占领了整个爱沙尼亚大陆。

1 October 1944 - A Hungarian delegation arrives in Moscow to negotiate an armistice with the USSR. Soviet troops enter Yugoslavia.

1944 年 10 月 1 日 - 匈牙利代表团抵达莫斯科与苏联进行停战谈判。苏联军队进入南斯拉夫。

2 October 1944 - Germans finally succeed in putting down the Warsaw Uprising by the Polish Home Army. American troops are now in a full-scale attack on the German "West Wall". Allied forces land on Crete.

1944 年 10 月 2 日 - 德国人最终成功镇压了波兰本土军队的华沙起义。美军现在正在对德国“西墙”进行全面进攻。盟军登陆克里特岛。

5 October 1944 - Canadian troops cross the border into the Netherlands. The Red Army enters Hungary and also launch an offensive to capture Riga, Latvia.

1944 年 10 月 5 日 - 加拿大军队越过边境进入荷兰。红军进入匈牙利，还发动攻势攻占拉脱维亚里加。

6 October 1944 - Soviet and Czechoslovak troops enter northeastern Slovakia. The Battle of Debrecen begins as German and Soviet forces advance against each other in eastern Hungary.

1944 年 10 月 6 日 - 苏联和捷克斯洛伐克军队进入斯洛伐克东北部。当德国和苏联军队在匈牙利东部相互进攻时，德布勒森战役开始了。

7 October 1944 - A riot took place at Auschwitz concentration camp when the Sonderkommando, Jewish prisoners forced to aid with the disposal of victims of the Holocaust, came to understand that they also were slated for extermination. Over 450 were killed in suppressing the revolt, along with many others who escaped the camp in the melee.

1944 年 10 月 7 日 - 奥斯维辛集中营发生骚乱，当时被迫协助处理大屠杀受害者的犹太囚犯特遣队意识到，他们也将被灭绝。超过 450 人在镇压叛乱过程中丧生，还有许多人在混战中逃离营地。

9 October 1944 - The Moscow Conference (1944) begins: Churchill and Stalin discuss spheres of influence in the postwar Balkans.

1944 年 10 月 9 日 - 莫斯科会议（1944 年）开始：丘吉尔和斯大林讨论战后巴尔干地区的势力范围。

10 October 1944 - The Red Army reach the Niemen River in Prussia and continue the battle around Riga. The Allied combined forces take Corinth, Greece.

1944 年 10 月 10 日 - 红军到达普鲁士的涅门河，并继续里加周围的战斗。盟军联合部队占领希腊科林斯。

12 October 1944 - Athens is liberated by the EAM. US Navy carriers attack Formosa (Taiwan). United States XXIII Corps Arrives in the European Theater.

1944 年 10 月 12 日 - 雅典被 EAM 解放。美国海军航母攻击福尔摩沙（台湾）。美国第二十三军抵达欧洲战区。

14 October 1944 - British troops enter Athens. Field Marshal Rommel, under suspicion as one of the "bomb plotters" voluntarily commits suicide to save his family. He is later buried with full military honors.

1944 年 10 月 14 日 - 英国军队进入雅典。被怀疑是“炸弹策划者”之一的隆美尔元帅为了拯救家人而自愿自杀。后来他以完全的军事荣誉被埋葬。

15 October 1944 - Hungarian regent Miklós Horthy is overthrown by the Germans, who replace him with Ferenc Szálasi. Allied bombardment of Aachen continues, the first major battle on German soil.

1944 年 10 月 15 日 - 匈牙利摄政王米克洛斯·霍尔蒂 (Miklós Horthy) 被德国人推翻，费伦茨·萨拉西 (Ferenc Szálasi) 取而代之。盟军对亚琛的炮击仍在继续，这是德国领土上的第一场重大战役。

18 October 1944 - Hitler orders a call-up of all remaining men from 16 to 60 for Home Guard duties in the Volkssturm Militia.

1944 年 10 月 18 日 - 希特勒下令征召所有剩余的 16 岁至 60 岁的士兵，在人民冲锋队民兵中执行国民警卫队职责。

20 October 1944 - The Battle of Leyte: U.S. forces land on Leyte, Philippines. MacArthur lands and states: "I have returned". The Red Army and Yugoslav partisans under the command of Josip Broz Tito liberate Belgrade.

1944 年 10 月 20 日 - 莱特岛战役：美军登陆菲律宾莱特岛。麦克阿瑟登陆并说道：“我回来了”。红军和南斯拉夫游击队在约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托的指挥下解放了贝尔格莱德。

21 October 1944 - 23-26: The Battle of Leyte Gulf: The United States Third Fleet and the United States Seventh Fleet win a decisive naval battle over the Imperial Japanese Navy in the Philippine Islands.

1944 年 10 月 21 日 - 23-26：莱特湾海战：美国第三舰队和美国第七舰队在菲律宾群岛对日本帝国海军进行了一场决定性的海战。

23 October 1944 - The Allies recognise General de Gaulle as the head of a provisional government of France. B-29s are now using Tinian Island, in the Marianas, as a base for the systematic bombing of Japan. Soviet forces in cooperation with Tito's Partizan forces, liberated Novi Sad in Yugoslavia.

1944 年 10 月 23 日 - 盟军承认戴高乐将军为法国临时政府首脑。 B-29 轰炸机目前正在使用马里亚纳群岛的天宁岛作为对日本进行系统轰炸的基地。苏联军队与铁托游击队合作，解放了南斯拉夫的诺维萨德。

25 October 1944 - Three distinct air engagements in the Battle of Leyte Gulf take place as U.S. Navy carrier-based planes destroy many Japanese ships in the waters off the Philippines. Romania is fully liberated by Red Army and Romanian troops.

1944 年 10 月 25 日 - 莱特湾海战中发生了三场不同的空中交战，美国海军舰载机在菲律宾附近海域摧毁了许多日本船只。罗马尼亚已被红军和罗马尼亚军队完全解放。

27 October 1944 - The Battle of Hürtgen Forest is developing. It will continue through October and November and have its last attacks in December.

1944 年 10 月 27 日 - 许特根森林之战正在展开。它将持续到 10 月和 11 月，并在 12 月进行最后一次攻击。

1 November 1944 - British forces occupy Salonika, Greece, and distribute food in Athens, which is experiencing famine. " Operation Infatuate ", an Allied attempt to free the approaches to Antwerp begins; amphibious landings take place on Walcheren Island.

1944 年 11 月 1 日 - 英国军队占领希腊萨洛尼卡，并在正在经历饥荒的雅典分发食物。 “迷恋行动”，盟军试图解放通往安特卫普的通道；瓦尔赫伦岛进行两栖登陆。

2 November 1944 - Canadian troops take Zeebrugge in Belgium; Belgium is now entirely liberated.

1944 年 11 月 2 日 - 加拿大军队占领比利时泽布吕赫；比利时现已完全解放。

4 November 1944 - British Gen. John Dill dies in Washington, D.C., and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, the only foreigner to be so honored at the time.

1944 年 11 月 4 日 - 英国将军约翰·迪尔 (John Dill) 在华盛顿特区去世，葬于阿灵顿国家公墓，他是当时唯一获此殊荣的外国人。

4 November 1944 - Remaining Axis forces withdraw from the Greek mainland. German occupation forces will remain in several Greek islands until capitulation.

1944 年 11 月 4 日 - 剩余的轴心国军队从希腊本土撤出。德国占领军将留在希腊的几个岛屿上直至投降。

5 November 1944 - US planes bomb Singapore, the first of 11 such raids between November 1944 and March 1945. The aircraft carrier USS Lexington is heavily damaged by kamikaze attacks.

1944 年 11 月 5 日 - 美国飞机轰炸新加坡，这是 1944 年 11 月至 1945 年 3 月期间进行的 11 次此类袭击中的第一次。航空母舰列克星敦号在神风特攻队袭击中严重受损。

7 November 1944 - Election Day in the U.S. Roosevelt wins an unprecedented, unrepeated fourth term as U.S. president.

1944 年 11 月 7 日 - 美国选举日罗斯福史无前例地赢得了第四个美国总统任期。

9 November 1944 - General Patton's troops and tanks cross the Moselle River and threaten Metz.

1944 年 11 月 9 日 - 巴顿将军的部队和坦克渡过摩泽尔河并威胁梅斯。

10 November 1944 - V-2 rockets continue to hit Britain, at the rate of about eight a day.

1944 年 11 月 10 日 - V-2 火箭继续袭击英国，速度约为每天 8 枚。

12 November 1944 - After numerous bombings while anchored in a fjord at Tromsø, Norway, the German battleship Tirpitz is sunk.

1944 年 11 月 12 日 - 德国战列舰提尔皮茨号在挪威特罗姆瑟峡湾停泊期间遭受多次轰炸后沉没。

17 November 1944 - The Germans give up Tirana, Albania which is liberated by local partisans.

1944 年 11 月 17 日 - 德国放弃了当地游击队解放的阿尔巴尼亚地拉那。

20 November 1944 - Hitler leaves his wartime headquarters at Rastenberg, East Prussia, never to return; he goes to Berlin, where he will soon establish himself at the Führerbunker.

1944 年 11 月 20 日 - 希特勒离开东普鲁士拉斯滕贝格的战时总部，再也没有回来；他前往柏林，很快将在元首地堡扎根。

23 November 1944 - Metz, France is taken, and Strasbourg, in eastern France, is liberated by French troops.

1944 年 11 月 23 日 - 法国梅斯被占领，法国东部的斯特拉斯堡被法国军队解放。

24 November 1944 - The first B-29 originating from Tinian Naval Base, in the Marianas, raids Tokyo.

1944 年 11 月 24 日 - 第一架 B-29 从马里亚纳群岛天宁岛海军基地起飞，袭击东京。

25 November 1944 - Japanese take Nanning in south China, as the war in that theatre continues. The USS Intrepid is hit by kamikazes for the third time; other American ships are heavily damaged. Soviet forces capture Saaremaa island, the last major German outpost in Estonia, culminating the Moonsund Landing Operation.

1944 年 11 月 25 日 - 日本占领中国南部的南宁，该战区的战争仍在继续。无畏号航空母舰第三次遭到神风特攻队袭击；其他美国船只严重受损。苏联军队占领了萨列马岛，这是德国在爱沙尼亚的最后一个主要前哨基地，使穆森德登陆行动达到高潮。

26 November 1944 - Heinrich Himmler orders the crematoriums and gas chambers of Auschwitz II-Birkenau dismantled and blown up.

1944 年 11 月 26 日 - 海因里希·希姆莱下令拆除并炸毁奥斯威辛二号集中营的火葬场和毒气室。

30 November 1944 - Kunming, China, site of Chengkung Airfield and Kunming Airport, is threatened by Japanese attacks. United States XXII Corps arrives in European Theater. The Thiaroye Massacre begins in French West Africa.

1944 年 11 月 30 日 - 中国昆明成功机场和昆明机场所在地受到日本袭击的威胁。美国第 22 军抵达欧洲战区。蒂亚罗耶大屠杀始于法属西非。

3 December 1944 - The Dekemvriana ("December events") begin in the Greek capital, Athens, between members of the leftist National Liberation Front and government forces, backed by the British. The clashes are limited to Athens, however, and the rest of the country remains relatively tranquil. The British Home Guard is stood down.

1944 年 12 月 3 日 - Dekemvriana（“十二月事件”）在希腊首都雅典爆发，参与者为英国支持的左翼民族解放阵线和政府军。然而，冲突仅限于雅典，该国其他地区仍然相对平静。英国皇家卫队被解散。

3 December 1944 - The British army and the police shoot unarmed protestors in Athens; the crowd carried Greek, American, British and Soviet flags, and chanted: "Viva Churchill, Viva Roosevelt, Viva Stalin’"

1944 年 12 月 3 日——英国军队和警察在雅典射杀手无寸铁的抗议者；人群举着希腊、美国、英国和苏联国旗，高呼“丘吉尔万岁、罗斯福万岁、斯大林万岁”

5 December 1944 - The Allies are now in control of Ravenna, Italy.

1944 年 12 月 5 日 - 盟军现已控制意大利拉文纳。

8 December 1944 - The softening-up bombardment of Iwo Jima begins.

1944 年 12 月 8 日 - 对硫磺岛的软化轰炸开始。

14 December 1944 - Japanese defenders in Palawan in the Philippines kill over 100 American POWs in the Palawan Massacre. Units of Air Group 80 from USS Ticonderoga flew seven strikes against Japanese positions in northern Luzon in the Philippines.

1944 年 12 月 14 日 - 菲律宾巴拉望岛的日本守军在巴拉望岛大屠杀中杀害了 100 多名美国战俘。提康德罗加号航空母舰第 80 航空大队的部队对菲律宾吕宋岛北部的日军阵地进行了七次攻击。

15 December 1944 - Americans and Filipinos land troops at Mindoro island in the Philippines. Bandleader and US Army Major Glenn Miller went missing as his single-engine transport was crossing the English Channel; he was headed to Paris to work out arrangements to entertain troops in France. German forces evacuate Ruhnu island, their last outpost in Estonia. The Soviets capture the island on 19 December.

1944 年 12 月 15 日 - 美国和菲律宾军队在菲律宾民都洛岛登陆。乐队指挥、美国陆军少校格伦·米勒在他的单引擎运输机穿越英吉利海峡时失踪；他正前往巴黎制定招待法国军队的安排。德国军队撤离鲁努岛，这是他们在爱沙尼亚的最后一个前哨基地。苏联人于 12 月 19 日占领该岛。

16 December 1944 - The Battle of the Bulge begins as German forces attempt a breakthrough in the Ardennes region. The main object of Hitler's plan is the retaking of Antwerp.

1944 年 12 月 16 日 - 当德军试图突破阿登地区时，突出部战役开始。希特勒计划的主要目标是夺回安特卫普。

17 December 1944 - The Malmedy massacre: SS troops execute 84 American prisoners in the Ardennes offensive. The SS troops are led by SS commander Joachim Peiper. Typhoon Cobra hits the Third Fleet of Admiral Halsey; three destroyers capsize and almost 800 lives are lost.

1944 年 12 月 17 日 - 马尔梅迪大屠杀：党卫军在阿登攻势中处决了 84 名美国囚犯。党卫军由党卫军指挥官约阿希姆·佩佩尔领导。台风眼镜蛇袭击了哈尔西海军上将的第三舰队；三艘驱逐舰倾覆，近 800 人丧生。

18 December 1944 - Bastogne, an important crossroads, is surrounded.

1944 年 12 月 18 日 - 重要的十字路口巴斯托涅被包围。

22 December 1944 - The battle for Bastogne is at its height, with soldiers of the 101st Airborne Division running low on ammunition, food and other vital supplies. Brigadier General Anthony McAuliffe 's famous "Nuts!" reply is sent to German commanders at Bastogne demanding surrender; the news of the message serves to bolster morale of the Allied troops.

1944 年 12 月 22 日 - 巴斯托涅战役正处于白热化阶段，第 101 空降师的士兵弹药、食物和其他重要补给都已所剩无几。安东尼·麦考利夫准将著名的“坚果！”答复被发送给巴斯托涅的德军指挥官，要求投降；该消息的消息有助于鼓舞盟军的士气。

23 December 1944 - The skies clear over the Ardennes, permitting Allied aircraft to begin their attacks on the German offensive, the one factor that Hitler feared in his planning.

1944 年 12 月 23 日 - 阿登地区的天空晴朗，盟军飞机可以开始对德军的攻势发起攻击，这是希特勒在其计划中担心的一个因素。

24 December 1944 - The American counter-attack at the "Bulge" begins. The Belgian transport ship SS Leopoldville is sunk off the coast of France. More than 800 lives, predominantly those of American servicemen, are lost. Manchester is attacked by V1 flying bombs

1944 年 12 月 24 日 - 美军对“突出部”的反击开始。比利时运输船利奥波德维尔号在法国海岸沉没。超过 800 人丧生，其中主要是美国军人。曼彻斯特遭到V1飞行炸弹袭击

26 December 1944 - The siege of Bastogne is broken by Patton's Third Army tanks, and with it the Ardennes offensive collapses into failure. Racial tensions within the US military boil over into the Agana race riot on Guam.

1944 年 12 月 26 日 - 巴斯托涅的围困被巴顿的第三集团军坦克打破，阿登攻势随之崩溃。美军内部的种族紧张局势最终演变成关岛阿加纳种族骚乱。

28 December 1944 - Churchill and his Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden are in Athens in an attempt to reconcile the warring factions.

1944 年 12 月 28 日 - 丘吉尔和他的外交大臣安东尼·伊登在雅典试图调和交战各派。

29 December 1944 - Soviet troops begin the Siege of Budapest.

1944 年 12 月 29 日 - 苏联军队开始围攻布达佩斯。

31 December 1944 - The Soviet-backed Hungarian Provisional Government declares war on Germany.

1944 年 12 月 31 日 - 苏联支持的匈牙利临时政府对德国宣战。

1945 in brief - Berlin fell in May and Japan surrendered on 15 August after Hiroshima and Nagasaki; the war formally ended aboard USS Missouri on 2 September. Roosevelt died in April, Churchill lost his July election, and the United Nations Charter took force in October.

1945 年简述 - 柏林于 5 月沦陷，日本在广岛和长崎之后于 8 月 15 日投降； 9 月 2 日，战争在密苏里号航空母舰上正式结束。罗斯福于四月去世，丘吉尔在七月的选举中落败，《联合国宪章》于十月生效。

1 January 1945 - The Germans begin a surprise offensive (Operation Nordwind) in northern Alsace. Unternehmen Bodenplatte (Operation Baseplate) is launched by the Luftwaffe against western Allied air bases in Belgium and Holland by elements of ten different Jagdgeschwadern (fighter wings), as its last major air offensive of the war in the West. American troops kill dozens of German POWs at Chenogne

1945 年 1 月 1 日 - 德国人在阿尔萨斯北部发起突然进攻（诺德风行动）。 Unternehmen Bodenplatte（底板行动）由十个不同的 Jagdgeschwadern（战斗机联队）组成，由德国空军对位于比利时和荷兰的西部盟军空军基地发起，作为其在西方战争中的最后一次主要空中攻势。美国军队在舍诺涅杀死了数十名德国战俘

2 January 1945 - 46 American B-29 bombers based near Calcutta, India attacked a railroad bridge near Bangkok, Thailand and other targets in the area. The Japanese increasingly use kamikaze tactics against the US naval forces nearby.

1945 年 1 月 2 日 - 驻扎在印度加尔各答附近的 46 架美国 B-29 轰炸机袭击了泰国曼谷附近的一座铁路桥以及该地区的其他目标。日本越来越多地使用神风特攻队战术来对付附近的美国海军。

3 January 1945 - The Allies take the offensive east of the Bulge but they fail to close the pincers (which might have surrounded large numbers of Germans) with Patton's tanks.

1945 年 1 月 3 日 - 盟军在突出部以东发起攻势，但未能用巴顿的坦克合上钳形部队（这可能包围了大量德军）。

5 January 1945 - The German offensive Nordwind crosses the border into Alsace. Japanese retreat across the Irrawaddy River in Burma with General Slim 's troops in pursuit.

1945 年 1 月 5 日 - 德国进攻诺德温德 (Nordwind) 越过边境进入阿尔萨斯 (Alsace)。日军撤过缅甸的伊洛瓦底江，斯利姆将军的部队紧追不舍。

7 January 1945 - Germans, as part of the plan to retake Strasbourg, break out of the " Colmar Pocket ", a bridgehead on the Rhine, and head east.

1945 年 1 月 7 日 - 作为夺回斯特拉斯堡计划的一部分，德国人突破了莱茵河上的桥头堡“科尔马口袋”，并向东进发。

8 January 1945 - The battle of Strasbourg is underway, with Americans in defence of their recent acquisition.

1945 年 1 月 8 日 - 斯特拉斯堡之战正在进行，美国人正在捍卫他们最近获得的胜利。

11 January 1945 - The first convoy moves on the Ledo Road (or "Stilwell" road) in northern Burma, linking India and China.

1945 年 1 月 11 日 - 第一支车队在缅甸北部连接印度和中国的利多公路（或“史迪威”公路）上行驶。

12 January 1945 - The East Prussian Offensive, a major Red Army offensive in East Prussia, begins on January 13th. The Soviet Vistula-Oder Offensive begins. Its goal is to capture Poland and Eastern Germany.

1945 年 1 月 12 日 - 东普鲁士攻势，红军在东普鲁士的一次主要攻势，于 1 月 13 日开始。苏联维斯瓦河-奥得河攻势开始。它的目标是占领波兰和东德。

13 January 1945 - 1st Byelorussian Front launched its winter offensive towards Pillkallen, East Prussia, meeting heavy resistance from the German 3rd Panzer Army.

1945 年 1 月 13 日 - 白俄罗斯第一方面军向东普鲁士皮尔卡伦发起冬季攻势，遭到德国第 3 装甲集团军的猛烈抵抗。

14 January 1945 - British forces clear the Roer Triangle during Operation Blackcock; it is an area noted for its industrial dams.

1945 年 1 月 14 日 - 英国军队在布莱克考克行动中清理了罗尔三角地区；该地区以其工业水坝而闻名。

14 January 1945 - The British commander in Athens, General Ronald Scobie, accepts a request for a ceasefire from the Greek People's Liberation Army. This marks the end of the Dekemvriana, resulting in clear defeat for the Greek Left.

1945 年 1 月 14 日 - 驻雅典的英国指挥官罗纳德·斯科比将军接受希腊人民解放军的停火请求。这标志着德克姆夫里亚纳的结束，导致希腊左翼明显失败。

17 January 1945 - Warsaw is entered by Red Army troops. A government favourable to the Communists is installed. It is announced officially that the Battle of the Bulge is at an end.

1945 年 1 月 17 日 - 红军部队进入华沙。 有利于共产党的政府成立。正式宣布突出部战役结束。

20 January 1945 - The Red Army advances into East Prussia. Germans renew the retreat. Franklin D. Roosevelt is sworn in for a fourth term as U.S. President; Harry Truman is sworn in as Vice President.

1945 年 1 月 20 日 - 红军挺进东普鲁士。德军重新撤退。富兰克林·罗斯福宣誓就任美国总统，开始第四个任期；哈里·杜鲁门宣誓就任副总统。

23 January 1945 - German jurist and anti-Nazi activist Helmuth James von Moltke was hanged for treason in Berlin.

1945 年 1 月 23 日 - 德国法学家和反纳粹活动家赫尔穆特·詹姆斯·冯·毛奇因叛国罪在柏林被绞死。

30 January 1945 - The Malta Conference (1945) began with Winston Churchill meeting with the Combined Chiefs of Staff on the Island of Malta in the Mediterranean to plan the end of WWII in both Theaters, and to discuss the ramifications of the Soviets now controlling most of Eastern Europe. President Franklin D. Roosevelt would join the Conference for one day on 2 February 1945; both would fly to Yalta on 3 February for the Yalta Co...

1945 年 1 月 30 日 - 马耳他会议（1945）以温斯顿·丘吉尔在地中海马耳他岛与联合参谋长会议开始，计划在两个战区结束第二次世界大战，并讨论苏联目前控制大部分东欧地区的后果。富兰克林·罗斯福总统将于 1945 年 2 月 2 日参加会议一天；两人将于 2 月 3 日飞往雅尔塔参加雅尔塔机场...

31 January 1945 - The Red Army crosses the Oder River into Germany and are now less than 50 miles from Berlin. A second invasion on Luzon by Americans lands on the west coast. The whole Burma Road is now opened as the Ledo Road linkage with India is complete.

1945 年 1 月 31 日 - 红军跨过奥得河进入德国，现在距离柏林不到 50 英里。美国人对吕宋岛的第二次入侵在西海岸登陆。随着与印度的莱多公路连接完成，整个缅甸公路现已开通。

2 February 1945 - Ecuador declares war on Germany and Japan. Naval docks at Singapore are destroyed by B-29 attacks.

1945 年 2 月 2 日 - 厄瓜多尔对德国和日本宣战。新加坡海军码头被 B-29 轰炸机摧毁。

3 February 1945 - The Battle of Manila (1945) begins: Forces of the U.S. and Philippines enter Manila. The Manila massacre takes place during the fighting. Heavy bombing of Berlin. Judge Roland Freisler is killed while trying to save court documents.

1945 年 2 月 3 日 - 马尼拉战役 (1945) 开始：美国和菲律宾军队进入马尼拉。马尼拉大屠杀发生在战斗期间。对柏林进行猛烈轰炸。罗兰·弗赖斯勒法官在试图保存法庭文件时被杀。

4 February 1945 - The Yalta Conference of Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin begins; the main subject of their discussions is postwar spheres of influence. Belgium is now cleared of all German forces.

1945 年 2 月 4 日 - 罗斯福、丘吉尔和斯大林的雅尔塔会议开始； 他们讨论的主要议题是战后势力范围。比利时现在已经清除了所有德国军队。

9 February 1945 - The Colmar Pocket, the last German foothold west of the Rhine, is eliminated by the French 1st Army.

1945 年 2 月 9 日 - 科尔马包围圈是德军在莱茵河以西的最后一个据点，被法国第一集团军消灭。

13 February 1945 - 13/14: The Bombing of Dresden takes place; it is firebombed by Allied air forces and large parts of the historic city are destroyed.

1945 年 2 月 13 日 - 13/14：德累斯顿轰炸发生；它遭到盟军空军的燃烧弹轰炸，这座历史名城的大部分地区被摧毁。

13 February 1945 - The Battle of Budapest ends with Soviet victory, after a long defense by the Germans.

1945 年 2 月 13 日 - 经过德国人的长期防守，布达佩斯战役以苏联人的胜利而结束。

14 February 1945 - The 1945 Bombing of Prague: American planes bomb the wrong city.

1945 年 2 月 14 日 - 1945 年布拉格轰炸：美国飞机轰炸了错误的城市。

15 February 1945 - Venezuela and Uruguay declare war on Germany and Japan.

1945 年 2 月 15 日 - 委内瑞拉和乌拉圭对德国和日本宣战。

16 February 1945 - American paratroopers and Philippine Commonwealth troops land on Corregidor Island, in Manila Bay. Once the scene of the last American resistance in early 1942, it is now the scene of Japanese resistance. American naval vessels bombard Tokyo and Yokohama.

1945 年 2 月 16 日 - 美国伞兵和菲律宾联邦军队登陆马尼拉湾的科雷希多岛。这里曾经是1942年初美国最后一次抵抗的场景，现在是日本抵抗的场景。美国海军舰艇轰炸东京和横滨。

19 February 1945 - 21. The Brazilian forces and U.S. Army wins the Battle of Monte Castello

1945 年 2 月 19 日 - 21 日。巴西军队和美国陆军赢得蒙特卡斯特罗战役

22 February 1945 - Operation Clarion, a massive bombing of German rail and other transport infrastructure by approximately 9,000 U.S. and British aircraft takes place, carrying over into 23 February.

1945 年 2 月 22 日 - 号角行动，大约 9,000 架美国和英国飞机对德国铁路和其他交通基础设施进行了大规模轰炸，一直持续到 2 月 23 日。

23 February 1945 - U.S. Marines raise the American flag on Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima. Turkey declares war on Germany and Japan. In the Philippines, U.S. Army forces staged the Raid on Los Baños freeing 2147 Allied military and civilian prisoners from the Japanese.

1945 年 2 月 23 日 - 美国海军陆战队在硫磺岛折钵山升起美国国旗。土耳其向德国和日本宣战。在菲律宾，美国陆军对洛斯巴尼奥斯发动突袭，从日军手中解救了 2147 名盟军和平民囚犯。

24 February 1945 - Egypt declares war on the Axis. Moments after making this Declaration before Parliament, Prime Minister Ahmad Maher Pasha is assassinated.

1945 年 2 月 24 日 - 埃及向轴心国宣战。 在议会发表这一声明后不久，总理艾哈迈德·马赫·帕夏就被暗杀。

25 February 1945 - Taking off on the 24th, a US B-29 incendiary raid on Tokyo, Japan takes place.

1945 年 2 月 25 日 - 24 日，美国 B-29 起飞，对日本东京进行燃烧袭击。

26 February 1945 - Syria declares war on Germany and Japan. After ten days of fighting, American and Filipino troops recapture Corregidor.

1945 年 2 月 26 日 - 叙利亚向德国和日本宣战。经过十天的战斗，美国和菲律宾军队重新夺回科雷希多尔。

28 February 1945 - A Philippine government is established. U.S. and Filipino forces invade Palawan, an island of the Philippines.

1945 年 2 月 28 日——菲律宾政府成立。美国和菲律宾军队入侵菲律宾的巴拉望岛。

3 March 1945 - Manila is fully liberated. Battle of Meiktila, Burma comes to an end with General Slim 's troops overwhelming the Japanese; the road to Rangoon is now cleared. The Allies attempted to destroy V-2s and launching equipment near The Hague by a large-scale bombardment, but due to navigational errors the Bezuidenhout quarter was destroyed, killing 511 Dutch civilians. Finland declares war on Germany, backdated to Septe...

1945 年 3 月 3 日 - 马尼拉完全解放。缅甸密铁拉战役结束，斯利姆将军的军队压倒了日本人；通往仰光的道路现已畅通。盟军试图通过大规模轰炸摧毁海牙附近的 V-2 和发射设备，但由于导航错误，贝泽伊登豪特区被摧毁，造成 511 名荷兰平民死亡。芬兰对德国宣战，可追溯到九月...

6 March 1945 - Germans launch an offensive against Soviet forces in Hungary.

1945 年 3 月 6 日 - 德国对匈牙利境内的苏联军队发动进攻。

7 March 1945 - The Battle of Remagen: When German troops fail to dynamite the Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine, the U.S. First Army captures the bridge and begins crossing the river. The Army also takes Cologne, Germany. Germans begin to evacuate Danzig.

1945 年 3 月 7 日 - 雷马根战役：当德军未能炸毁莱茵河上的鲁登道夫大桥时，美国第一集团军占领了这座桥并开始过河。陆军还占领了德国科隆。德国人开始撤离但泽。

8 March 1945 - Private Karl Hulten, an Army Airborne Regiment deserter, was hanged in an English prison for a flurry of crimes ending in what came to be called the Cleft chin murder.

1945 年 3 月 8 日 - 二等兵卡尔·胡尔滕 (Karl Hulten)，一名陆军空降团逃兵，因犯下一系列罪行而在英国监狱中被绞死，最终导致了所谓的“裂下巴谋杀案”。

9 March 1945 - The US firebombs Tokyo (the attack was code-named Operation Meetinghouse), with heavy civilian casualties. Amid rumours of a possible American invasion, Japanese overthrow the Vichy French Jean Decoux Government which had been operating independently as the colonial government of Vietnam: they proclaim an "independent" Empire of Vietnam, with Emperor Bảo Đại as nominal ruler. Premier Trần Trọng Kim forms the firs...

1945 年 3 月 9 日 - 美国向东京投掷燃烧弹（这次袭击代号为“会议室行动”），造成大量平民伤亡。在美国可能入侵的谣言中，日本推翻了维希法国让·德库政府，该政府一直作为越南殖民政府独立运作：他们宣布建立一个“独立”的越南帝国，保大皇帝为名义上的统治者。越南总理陈忠金 (Trần Trọng Kim)

10 March 1945 - Japanese Fu-Go balloon bombs damage the Manhattan Project's Hanford Site in Washington State slightly, but cause no lasting effects.

1945 年 3 月 10 日 - 日本的 Fu-Go 气球炸弹对位于华盛顿州的曼哈顿计划汉福德基地造成了轻微损坏，但没有造成持久影响。

16 March 1945 - The German offensive in Hungary ends with another Soviet victory. Iwo Jima is finally secured after a month's fighting, in the war's only Marine battle where the number of American casualties is larger than the Japanese's. Sporadic fighting will continue as isolated Japanese fighters emerge from caves and tunnels.

1945 年 3 月 16 日 - 德国在匈牙利的攻势以苏联的又一次胜利而告终。经过一个月的战斗，硫磺岛终于获得了安全，这是这场战争中唯一一场美军伤亡人数比日本人多的海军陆战队战斗。随着孤立的日本战士从洞穴和隧道中出现，零星战斗仍将继续。

19 March 1945 - U.S. Carrier Task Force 58 conducts heavy bombing of important naval bases in Japan, Kobe and Kure. Fifty miles off Japan, the carrier USS Franklin (CV-13) is hit by two bombs, killing hundreds and disabling the ship for the remainder of the war. Deutsch Schutzen massacre occurs, in which 60 Jews are killed.

1945 年 3 月 19 日 - 美国第 58 航母特遣部队对日本神户和吴市的重要海军基地进行猛烈轰炸。距日本 50 英里处，美国海军富兰克林号航空母舰 (CV-13) 遭到两枚炸弹袭击，造成数百人死亡，并在战争剩余时间里使该舰瘫痪。德国舒岑大屠杀发生，60 名犹太人被杀。

20 March 1945 - German General Gotthard Heinrici replaces Heinrich Himmler as commander of Army Group Vistula, the army group directly opposing the Soviet advance towards Berlin. Mandalay liberated by the Indian 19th Infantry Division. Tokyo is firebombed again. Patton's troops capture Mainz, Germany.

1945 年 3 月 20 日 - 德国将军戈塔德·海因里希接替海因里希·希姆莱担任维斯瓦河集团军群司令，该集团军直接反对苏联向柏林推进。印度第十九步兵师解放了曼德勒。东京再次遭到燃烧弹袭击。巴顿的军队占领了德国美因茨。

21 March 1945 - 22-23: US and British forces cross the Rhine at Oppenheim.

1945 年 3 月 21 日 - 22 日至 23 日：美国和英国军队在奥本海姆渡过莱茵河。

21 March 1945 - Operation Carthage, a British air raid on a Gestapo headquarters in Copenhagen, Denmark, in support of the Danish resistance movement takes place.

1945 年 3 月 21 日 - 迦太基行动，英国对丹麦哥本哈根盖世太保总部进行空袭，以支持丹麦抵抗运动。

23 March 1945 - By this time it is clear that Germany is under attack from all sides.

1945 年 3 月 23 日 - 此时，德国显然正受到来自各方的攻击。

24 March 1945 - Operation Varsity, an Anglo-American-Canadian airborne assault under Montgomery deployed over the Rhine at Wesel.

1945 年 3 月 24 日 - 大学行动，这是蒙哥马利领导下的英美加拿大空降攻击，部署在莱茵河上空的韦塞尔。

27 March 1945 - The Western Allies slow their advance and allow the Red Army to take Berlin. Argentina declares war on Germany, the last Western hemisphere country to do so; its policies for sheltering escaping Nazis are also coming under scrutiny. Argentina had not declared war before due to British wishes that Argentine shipping be neutral (and therefore Argentine foodstuffs would reach Britain unharmed), this, however, went ag...

1945 年 3 月 27 日 - 西方盟军放慢了前进速度，允许红军占领柏林。阿根廷对德国宣战，成为最后一个向德国宣战的西半球国家；其庇护逃亡纳粹分子的政策也受到密切关注。阿根廷之前没有宣战，因为英国希望阿根廷航运保持中立（因此阿根廷食品将完好无损地到达英国），然而，这件事发生了……

29 March 1945 - The Red Army enters Austria. Other Allies take Frankfurt; the Germans are in a general retreat all over the centre of the country.

1945 年 3 月 29 日 - 红军进入奥地利。其他盟军占领法兰克福；德国人正在全国中部全面撤退。

31 March 1945 - General Eisenhower broadcasts a demand for the Germans to surrender.

1945 年 3 月 31 日 - 艾森豪威尔将军广播要求德国投降。

1 April 1945 - U.S. troops start Operation Iceberg, which is the Battle of Okinawa. It would have been a leaping off base for a mainland invasion. Americans retake Legaspi, Albay in the Philippines.

1945 年 4 月 1 日 - 美军开始冰山行动，即冲绳岛战役。这将是一次从基地出发入侵大陆的行动。美国人夺回了菲律宾的黎牙实比和阿尔拜。

2 April 1945 - Soviets launch the Vienna Offensive against German forces in and around the Austrian capital city. German armies are surrounded in the Ruhr Pocket.

1945 年 4 月 2 日 - 苏联在奥地利首都及周边地区对德军发动维也纳攻势。德国军队被包围在鲁尔区。

4 April 1945 - Bratislava, the capital of the Slovak Republic, is overrun by advancing Soviet forces. The remaining members of President Jozef Tiso 's pro-German government flee to Austria. The Ohrdruf death camp is liberated by the Allies.

1945 年 4 月 4 日 - 斯洛伐克共和国首都布拉迪斯拉发被推进的苏联军队占领。约瑟夫·蒂索总统亲德政府的剩余成员逃往奥地利。奥尔德鲁夫死亡营被盟军解放。

9 April 1945 - The Battle of Königsberg ends in a Soviet victory. Having been bombed and under siege for weeks, the people living there as well as soldiers in Konigsberg surrender. A heavy bombing at Kiel by the RAF destroys the last two major German warships, the heavy cruisers Admiral Hipper and Admiral Scheer. Pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer is executed at Flossenburg prison.

1945 年 4 月 9 日 - 柯尼斯堡战役以苏联胜利而结束。经过数周的轰炸和围困，居住在那里的人们以及柯尼斯堡的士兵投降了。英国皇家空军对基尔的猛烈轰炸摧毁了德国最后两艘主要战舰：希佩尔海军上将号和谢尔海军上将号重巡洋舰。迪特里希·朋霍费尔牧师在弗洛森堡监狱被处决。

11 April 1945 - Japanese kamikaze attacks on American naval ships continue at Okinawa; the carrier Enterprise and the battleship Missouri are hit. Spain breaks off diplomatic relations with Japan.

1945 年 4 月 11 日 - 日本神风特攻队继续袭击冲绳岛的美国海军舰艇；企业号航空母舰和密苏里号战列舰被击中。西班牙与日本断交。

13 April 1945 - The Vienna Offensive ends with a Soviet victory. Gardelegen Massacre takes place. Over 1000 slave laborers were closed in a barn which then was set on fire. It was one of the last massacres on civil population perpetrated by Germans. Just a few hours later, American troops captured Gardelegen

1945 年 4 月 13 日 - 维也纳攻势以苏联胜利而结束。加德莱根大屠杀发生。超过 1000 名奴隶劳工被关在一个谷仓里，然后被纵火焚烧。这是德国人对平民实施的最后一次屠杀之一。仅仅几个小时后，美军占领了加德莱根

19 April 1945 - Switzerland closes its borders with Germany (and the former Austria). Allies continue their sweep toward the Po Valley. The Soviet advance towards the city of Berlin continues and soon reaches the suburbs.

1945 年 4 月 19 日 - 瑞士关闭与德国（和前奥地利）的边界。盟军继续向波河谷扫荡。苏军继续向柏林市推进，很快就到达郊区。

21 April 1945 - Soviet forces under Georgiy Zhukov 's (1st Belorussian Front), Konstantin Rokossovskiy 's (2nd Belorussian Front) and Ivan Konev 's (1st Ukrainian Front) launch assaults on the German forces in and around the city of Berlin in the opening stages of the Battle of Berlin. Hitler orders SS-General Felix Steiner to attack the 1st Belorussian Front and destroy it. The ragtag units of " Army Detachment Steiner " are not...

1945 年 4 月 21 日 - 格奥尔基·朱可夫（白俄罗斯第一方面军）、康斯坦丁·罗科索夫斯基（白俄罗斯第二方面军）和伊万·科涅夫（乌克兰第一方面军）领导下的苏联军队在柏林战役的初期对柏林市及其周边地区的德军发起攻击。希特勒命令党卫军将军菲利克斯·施泰纳攻击并摧毁白俄罗斯第一方面军。 “施泰纳陆军支队”的乌合之众部队不是……

22 April 1945 - Hitler is informed late in the day that, with the approval of Gotthard Heinrici, Steiner's attack was never launched. Instead, Steiner's forces were authorised to retreat. In response, Hitler launches a furious tirade against the perceived treachery and incompetence of his military commanders in front of Wilhelm Keitel, Hans Krebs, Alfred Jodl, Wilhelm Burgdorf and Martin Bormann. Hitler's tirade culminates in an ...

1945 年 4 月 22 日 - 希特勒当天晚些时候获悉，经戈达·海因里奇批准，施泰纳的进攻从未发动。相反，斯坦纳的部队被授权撤退。作为回应，希特勒在威廉·凯特尔、汉斯·克雷布斯、阿尔弗雷德·约德尔、威廉·伯格多夫和马丁·鲍曼面前对他的军事指挥官的背叛和无能进行了猛烈的攻击。希特勒的长篇大论最终达到了高潮……

23 April 1945 - Hermann Göring sends a radiogram to Hitler's bunker, asking to be declared Hitler's successor. He proclaims that if he gets no response by 10 PM, he will assume Hitler is incapacitated and assume leadership of the Reich. Furious, Hitler strips him of all his offices and expels him from the Nazi Party. Albert Speer makes one last visit to Hitler, informing him that he (Speer) ignored the Nero Decree for scorched ea...

1945 年 4 月 23 日 - 赫尔曼·戈林向希特勒的地堡发送了一张射线照片，要求宣布希特勒为继任者。他宣称，如果到晚上 10 点还没有得到答复，他将认为希特勒已丧失行为能力并接管帝国的领导权。希特勒勃然大怒，剥夺了他的所有职务，并将他开除出纳粹党。阿尔伯特·施佩尔最后一次拜访希特勒，告诉他他（施佩尔）无视尼禄法令，因为……

24 April 1945 - Himmler, ignoring the orders of Hitler, makes a secret surrender offer to the Allies, (led by Count Folke Bernadotte, head of the Red Cross), provided that the Red Army is not involved. The offer is rejected; when Hitler hears of the betrayal on the 28th, he orders Himmler shot. Forces of the 1st Belorussian Front and the 1st Ukrainian Front link up in the initial encirclement of Berlin. Allies encircle the last G...

1945 年 4 月 24 日 - 希姆莱无视希特勒的命令，向盟军（由红十字会主席福尔克·贝尔纳多特伯爵领导）提出秘密投降提议，前提是红军不参与其中。报价被拒绝； 28日，当希特勒听说希姆莱遭到背叛时，他下令枪杀希姆莱。白俄罗斯第一方面军和乌克兰第一方面军在柏林的初步包围圈中会合。盟军包围了最后的G……

26 April 1945 - Hitler summons Field Marshal Robert Ritter von Greim from Munich to Berlin to take over command of the Luftwaffe from Göring. While flying into Berlin, von Greim is seriously wounded by Soviet anti-aircraft fire.

1945 年 4 月 26 日 - 希特勒从慕尼黑召集陆军元帅罗伯特·里特·冯·格莱姆前往柏林，从戈林手中接过德国空军的指挥权。在飞往柏林时，冯·格莱姆被苏联防空炮火击成重伤。

27 April 1945 - The encirclement of German forces in Berlin is completed by the 1st Belorussian Front and the 1st Ukrainian Front. The last German formations withdraw to Norway from Finland; the Finnish flag is raised at the three-country cairn in celebration. Head of State for the Italian Social Republic, Benito Mussolini, heavily disguised, is captured in northern Italy while trying to escape to Switzerland.

1945 年 4 月 27 日 - 白俄罗斯第一方面军和乌克兰第一方面军完成了对柏林德军的包围。最后一批德军部队从芬兰撤至挪威；芬兰国旗在三个国家的石碑上升起以示庆祝。意大利社会共和国国家元首贝尼托·墨索里尼乔装打扮，在意大利北部试图逃往瑞士时被捕。

28 April 1945 - Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci, are shot, and hanged by the feet upside down in Milan. Other members of his puppet government are also executed by Italian partisans and their bodies put on display.

1945 年 4 月 28 日 - 墨索里尼和他的情妇克拉拉·佩塔奇在米兰被枪杀，并倒挂在脚上。他的傀儡政府的其他成员也被意大利游击队处决，他们的尸体被展示。

29 April 1945 - Dachau concentration camp is liberated by the U.S. 7th Army. All forces in Italy officially surrender and a ceasefire is declared. Allied air forces commence Operations Manna and Chowhound, providing food aid to the Netherlands under a truce made with occupying German forces. Hitler marries his companion Eva Braun.

1945 年 4 月 29 日 - 达豪集中营被美国第七集团军解放。意大利所有部队正式投降并宣布停火。盟军空军开始“甘露行动”和“吃货行动”，根据与德国占领军签订的休战协议向荷兰提供粮食援助。希特勒与他的伴侣爱娃·布劳恩结婚。

30 April 1945 - Hitler and his wife commit suicide with a combination of poison and a gunshot. Before he dies, he dictates his last will and testament. In it Joseph Goebbels is appointed Reich Chancellor and Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz is appointed Reich President.

1945 年 4 月 30 日 - 希特勒和他的妻子服毒并开枪自杀。在他去世之前，他口述了他的最后遗嘱。其中约瑟夫·戈培尔被任命为帝国总理，海军上将卡尔·邓尼茨被任命为帝国总统。

1 May 1945 - German General Hans Krebs negotiates the surrender of the city of Berlin with Soviet General Vasily Chuikov. Chuikov, as commander of the Soviet 8th Guards Army, commands the Soviet forces in central Berlin. Krebs is not authorized by Reich Chancellor Goebbels to agree to an unconditional surrender, so his negotiations with Chuikov end with no agreement. Goebbels and his wife murder their children and commit suici...

1945 年 5 月 1 日 - 德国将军汉斯·克雷布斯与苏联将军瓦西里·崔可夫谈判投降柏林。崔可夫作为苏联近卫第8集团军司令，指挥着柏林市中心的苏军。克雷布斯没有得到德国总理戈培尔的授权同意无条件投降，因此他与崔可夫的谈判最终没有达成协议。戈培尔和他的妻子谋杀了他们的孩子并自杀......

2 May 1945 - Soviet forces capture the Reichstag building and install the Soviet flag. The Battle of Berlin ends when German General Helmuth Weidling, commander of the Berlin Defence Area, (and no longer bound by Goebbels's commands), unconditionally surrenders the city of Berlin to Soviet General Vasily Chuikov. General Vietinghoff surrenders his troops in Northern Italy. Krebs, Martin Bormann and Wilhelm Burgdorf commit suic...

1945 年 5 月 2 日 - 苏联军队占领德国国会大厦并悬挂苏联国旗。当柏林防区司令德国将军赫尔穆特·魏德林（不再受戈培尔的命令约束）将柏林市无条件投降给苏联将军瓦西里·崔可夫时，柏林战役结束。维廷霍夫将军在意大利北部投降了他的部队。克雷布斯、马丁·鲍曼和威廉·伯格多夫自杀......

3 May 1945 - Rangoon is liberated. The German cruiser Admiral Hipper is scuttled, having been hit heavily by the RAF in April.

1945 年 5 月 3 日 - 仰光解放。德国巡洋舰希佩尔海军上将号在四月份遭到英国皇家空军的重击后被自沉。

4 May 1945 - Karl Dönitz orders all U-boats to cease operations. German troops in Denmark, Northern Germany and The Netherlands surrender to Montgomery. Neuengamme concentration camp is liberated.

1945 年 5 月 4 日 - 卡尔·邓尼茨命令所有潜艇停止行动。丹麦、德国北部和荷兰的德国军队向蒙哥马利投降。诺因加默集中营被解放。

5 May 1945 - Formal negotiations for Germany's surrender begin at Reims, France. Czech resistance fighters begin the Prague uprising and the Soviets begin the Prague Offensive. German troops in the Netherlands officially surrender; Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands accepts the surrender. Mauthausen concentration camp is liberated. Kamikazes have major successes off Okinawa. Japanese fire balloons claim their first and only li...

1945 年 5 月 5 日 - 德国投降的正式谈判在法国兰斯开始。捷克抵抗战士开始布拉格起义，苏联人开始布拉格攻势。荷兰境内的德军正式投降；荷兰伯恩哈德亲王接受投降。毛特豪森集中营被解放。神风特攻队在冲绳近海取得了重大成功。日本热气球声称这是他们的第一个也是唯一一个...

6 May 1945 - German soldiers open fire on a crowd celebrating the liberation of the Netherlands in Dam Square. At the brink of peace, 120 people were badly injured and 22 pronounced dead. This date marks the last fighting for American troops in Europe.

1945 年 5 月 6 日 - 德国士兵向水坝广场庆祝荷兰解放的人群开枪。就在和平的边缘，120人受重伤，22人宣告死亡。这一天标志着美国军队在欧洲的最后一次战斗。

7 May 1945 - Germany surrenders unconditionally to the Allies at the Western Allied Headquarters in Rheims, France at 2:41 a.m. In accordance with orders from Reich President Karl Dönitz, General Alfred Jodl signs for Germany. Hermann Göring, for a while in the hands of the SS, surrenders to the Americans. Elements of Task Force Smythe, U.S. 80th ID in Austria, fire last American shots of the war in Europe when 80th Recon Plat...

1945 年 5 月 7 日 - 凌晨 2 点 41 分，德国在位于法国兰斯的西方盟军总部向盟军无条件投降。根据帝国总统卡尔·邓尼茨的命令，阿尔弗雷德·约德尔将军为德国签名。赫尔曼·戈林曾一度处于党卫军手中，后来向美国人投降。驻扎在奥地利的美国第 80 步兵师斯迈斯特遣队的成员在第 80 侦察平台发射了美国在欧洲战争中的最后一枪。

8 May 1945 - Victory in Europe Day: The ceasefire takes effect at one minute past midnight. In accordance with Dönitz's orders, Colonel-General Carl Hilpert unconditionally surrenders his troops in the Courland Pocket. Germany surrenders again unconditionally to the Soviet Union army but this time in a ceremony hosted by the Soviet Union. In accordance with orders from Dönitz, General Wilhelm Keitel signs for Germany. The rema...

1945 年 5 月 8 日 - 欧洲胜利日：停火于午夜过后一分钟生效。根据邓尼茨的命令，卡尔·希尔珀特上将无条件投降库尔兰口袋中的部队。德国再次向苏联军队无条件投降，但这次的投降仪式是由苏联主办的。根据邓尼茨的命令，威廉·凯特尔将军签约德国。雷马...

9 May 1945 - The Soviet Union officially pronounces May 9 as Victory Day. The Red Army enters Prague. The German garrison in the Channel Islands agree to unconditional surrender. German troops on Bornholm surrender to Soviet troops.

1945 年 5 月 9 日 - 苏联正式宣布 5 月 9 日为胜利日。红军进入布拉格。海峡群岛的德国驻军同意无条件投降。博恩霍尔姆岛的德军向苏联军队投降。

11 May 1945 - The Soviets capture Prague, the last European capital to be liberated. Eisenhower stops Patton from participating in the liberation. German Army Group Centre in Czechoslovakia surrenders. War in New Guinea continues, with Australians attacking Wewak.

1945 年 5 月 11 日 - 苏联占领布拉格，最后一个被解放的欧洲首都。艾森豪威尔阻止巴顿参与解放。位于捷克斯洛伐克的德国中央集团军群投降。新几内亚的战争仍在继续，澳大利亚人袭击了韦瓦克。

14 May 1945 - 15-16: The Battle of the Malacca Strait took place ending in a British victory and the sinking of the Japanese cruiser Haguro.

1945 年 5 月 14 日 - 15 月 16 日：马六甲海峡海战爆发，英国获胜，日本巡洋舰羽黑号被击沉。

20 May 1945 - The Georgian Uprising of Texel ends, concluding all World War II conflicts in the Netherlands.

1945 年 5 月 20 日 - 格鲁吉亚特塞尔起义结束，荷兰所有​​二战冲突结束。

21 May 1945 - SS Commander Heinrich Himmler, attempting to pass with a forged identity as a common soldier, is arrested at a checkpoint manned by liberated Soviet POWs acting under command of British forces. He would be remanded to British custody on 23 May and there correctly identified.

1945 年 5 月 21 日 - 党卫军指挥官海因里希·希姆莱试图以普通士兵的伪造身份通过，在由英军指挥下的解放苏联战俘把守的检查站被捕。他将于 5 月 23 日被还押给英国拘留，并在那里被正确识别。

23 May 1945 - British forces capture and arrest the members of what was left of the Flensburg government. This was the German government formed by Reich President Karl Dönitz after the suicides of both Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels. Heavy bombing of Yokohama, an important port and naval base. Heinrich Himmler, head of the notorious SS, dies of suicide via cyanide pill.

1945 年 5 月 23 日 - 英国军队抓获并逮捕了弗伦斯堡政府剩余成员。这是在阿道夫·希特勒和约瑟夫·戈培尔自杀后由帝国总统卡尔·邓尼茨组建的德国政府。对重要港口和海军基地横滨进行猛烈轰炸。臭名昭著的党卫军头目海因里希·希姆莱通过氰化物药丸自杀身亡。

25 May 1945 - The Battle of Odžak ends, concluding all World War II conflicts in Yugoslavia and Europe.

1945 年 5 月 25 日 - 奥扎克战役结束，结束了南斯拉夫和欧洲的所有二战冲突。

29 May 1945 - Fighting breaks out in Syria and Lebanon, as nationalists demand freedom from French control.

1945 年 5 月 29 日 - 民族主义者要求摆脱法国的控制，叙利亚和黎巴嫩爆发战斗。

2 June 1945 - Air Group 87 aircraft from USS Ticonderoga strike airfields on Kyushu, Japan, in an attempt to stop special attack aircraft from taking off.

1945 年 6 月 2 日 - 提康德罗加号航空母舰的第 87 航空大队飞机袭击日本九州机场，试图阻止特种攻击机起飞。

5 June 1945 - The Allies agree to divide Germany into four areas of control (American, British, French and Soviet). The U.S. fleet under William Halsey, Jr., suffers widespread damage from a huge Pacific typhoon.

1945 年 6 月 5 日 - 盟军同意将德国划分为四个控制区（美国、英国、法国和苏联）。小威廉·哈尔西 (William Halsey, Jr.) 领导的美国舰队因太平洋巨型台风而遭受大面积损坏。

10 June 1945 - Australian troops land in Brunei.

1945 年 6 月 10 日 - 澳大利亚军队登陆文莱。

11 June 1945 - Schiermonnikoog, a Dutch island, is the last part of Europe freed by Allied troops.

1945 年 6 月 11 日 - 荷兰岛屿斯希蒙尼克奥赫 (Schiermonnikoog) 是盟军解放的欧洲最后一块土地。

13 June 1945 - The Australians capture Brunei. Japanese Admiral Ota Minoru, along with thousands of his surrounded Naval brigade, commits ritual suicide for failing to defend Okinawa, Japan.

1945 年 6 月 13 日 - 澳大利亚人占领文莱。日本海军上将太田稔和他的数千名被包围的海军旅因未能保卫日本冲绳而举行仪式自杀。

15 June 1945 - Osaka, Japan, is heavily bombed.

1945 年 6 月 15 日 - 日本大阪遭到严重轰炸。

16 June 1945 - The Japanese are in a general retreat in central China.

1945 年 6 月 16 日 - 日军在中国中部全面撤退。

19 June 1945 - The United Kingdom begins demobilization.

1945 年 6 月 19 日 - 英国开始复员。

22 June 1945 - The defeat of the Japanese on Okinawa is now complete.

1945 年 6 月 22 日 - 日本人在冲绳的失败现已完成。

26 June 1945 - The United Nations Charter is signed in San Francisco.

1945 年 6 月 26 日 - 《联合国宪章》在旧金山签署。

27 June 1945 - The first oil pump is restored at Tarakan Island.

1945 年 6 月 27 日 - 第一个油泵在塔拉根岛恢复。

1 July 1945 - Australian troops land at Balikpapan, Borneo in the Western Allies' last major land operation of the war.

1945 年 7 月 1 日 - 澳大利亚军队在婆罗洲巴厘巴板登陆，这是西方盟军在战争中的最后一次大规模陆地行动。

5 July 1945 - General Douglas MacArthur announces that the Philippines have been liberated.

1945 年 7 月 5 日 - 道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟将军宣布菲律宾已解放。

6 July 1945 - Norway declares war on Japan.

1945 年 7 月 6 日 - 挪威对日本宣战。

10 July 1945 - US Navy Fast Carrier Task Force 38 aircraft participate in attacks on Tokyo for the first time.

1945 年 7 月 10 日 - 美国海军快速航母特遣部队 38 架飞机首次参与对东京的攻击。

14 July 1945 - Italy declares war on Japan.

1945 年 7 月 14 日 - 意大利对日本宣战。

16 July 1945 - The U.S. conducts the Trinity test at Alamogordo, New Mexico, the first test of a nuclear weapon.

1945 年 7 月 16 日 - 美国在新墨西哥州阿拉莫戈多进行了“三位一体”试验，这是首次核武器试验。

17 July 1945 - The Potsdam Conference begins under British Prime Minister Churchill, Soviet Prime Minister Stalin and U.S. President Truman. The Allied leaders agree to insist upon the unconditional surrender of Japan.

1945 年 7 月 17 日 - 波茨坦会议在英国首相丘吉尔、苏联总理斯大林和美国总统杜鲁门的领导下召开。同盟国领导人同意坚持日本无条件投降。

22 July 1945 - America and Japan engage in a small skirmish in the Battle of Tokyo Bay. The Japanese take slight losses

1945 年 7 月 22 日 - 美国和日本在东京湾海战中发生小规模冲突。日本队略有损失

24 July 1945 - Truman hints at the Potsdam Conference that the United States has nuclear weapons. British and Americans commence the Bombing of Kure.

1945 年 7 月 24 日 - 杜鲁门在波茨坦会议上暗示美国拥有核武器。英国和美国人开始轰炸吴市。

26 July 1945 - The Labour Party win the British general election by a landslide. Clement Attlee replaces Churchill as British Prime Minister and immediately flies to the negotiating table at Potsdam. The Potsdam Declaration is issued.

1945 年 7 月 26 日——工党以压倒性优势赢得英国大选。克莱门特·艾德礼接替丘吉尔出任英国首相，并立即飞往波茨坦谈判桌。 《波茨坦宣言》发表。

28 July 1945 - The Japanese battleships Haruna and Ise are sunk by aircraft from US Task Force 38 while in shallow anchorage at Kure Naval Base.

1945 年 7 月 28 日 - 日本战列舰榛名号和伊势号在吴海军基地的浅锚地被美国第 38 特混舰队的飞机击沉。

30 July 1945 - The USS Indianapolis is sunk shortly after midnight by a Japanese submarine after having delivered atomic bomb material to Tinian. Because of poor communications, the ship's whereabouts are unknown for some time and many of its men drown or are attacked by sharks in the next four days.

1945 年 7 月 30 日 - 午夜过后不久，美国海军印第安纳波利斯号在向天宁岛运送原子弹材料后被一艘日本潜艇击沉。由于通讯不畅，该船在一段时间内下落不明，在接下来的四天内，许多船员溺水或遭到鲨鱼袭击。

31 July 1945 - U.S. conducts air attacks on the cities of Kobe and Nagoya in Japan.

1945 年 7 月 31 日 - 美国对日本神户市和名古屋市进行空袭。

1 August 1945 - Ukrainian insurgents attack the police station in Baligrod, Poland. Polish soldiers defend the station, driving off the attackers, who torch several houses as they retreat

1945 年 8 月 1 日 - 乌克兰叛乱分子袭击了波兰巴利格罗德的警察局。波兰士兵保卫车站，击退了袭击者，袭击者在撤退时烧毁了几栋房屋

2 August 1945 - End of the Potsdam Conference: Issues such as the expulsion of Germans from the eastern quarter of Germany and elsewhere in eastern Europe are mandated in the Potsdam Agreement.

1945 年 8 月 2 日 - 波茨坦会议结束：波茨坦协议规定了将德国人驱逐出德国东部地区和东欧其他地方等问题。

6 August 1945 - The B-29 bomber Enola Gay drops the first atomic bomb " Little Boy " on Hiroshima.

1945 年 8 月 6 日 - B-29 轰炸机埃诺拉·盖伊在广岛投下第一颗原子弹“小男孩”。

8 August 1945 - The Soviet Union declares war on Japan; the Soviet invasion of Manchuria begins about an hour later which includes landings on the Kuril Islands. The Japanese have been evacuating in anticipation of this.

1945 年 8 月 8 日——苏联对日宣战；大约一小时后，苏联开始入侵满洲，其中包括在千岛群岛登陆。日本人已经预料到这一点，正在撤离。

9 August 1945 - The B-29 bomber Bockscar drops the second atomic bomb " Fat Man " on Nagasaki.

1945 年 8 月 9 日 - B-29 轰炸机博克斯卡在长崎投下第二颗原子弹“胖子”。

10 August 1945 - The Japanese government announced that a message had been sent to the Allies accepting the terms of the Potsdam Declaration provided that it "does not comprise any demand that prejudices the prerogatives of the Emperor as sovereign ruler."

1945 年 8 月 10 日 - 日本政府宣布已向同盟国发出信息，接受《波茨坦公告》的条款，但条件是“不包含任何损害天皇作为主权统治者特权的要求”。

14 August 1945 - Japanese military personnel and right-wingers attempt to overthrow their government and prevent the inevitable surrender. The last day of United States Force combat actions. All units are frozen in place.

1945 年 8 月 14 日 - 日本军事人员和右翼分子试图推翻政府并阻止不可避免的投降。美国军队作战行动的最后一天。所有单位都被冻结在原地。

15 August 1945 - Emperor Hirohito issues a radio broadcast announcing the Surrender of Japan; though the surrender seems to be "unconditional", the Emperor's status is still open for discussion. Victory over Japan Day celebrations take place worldwide.

1945 年 8 月 15 日 - 裕仁天皇发布广播宣布日本投降；尽管投降似乎是“无条件”的，但天皇的地位仍然有待讨论。世界各地都举行抗日战争胜利日庆祝活动。

16 August 1945 - Emperor Hirohito issues an Imperial Rescript ordering Japanese forces to cease fire.

1945 年 8 月 16 日 - 裕仁天皇发布帝国敕令，命令日本军队停火。

17 August 1945 - Indonesia declares independence from Japan. General Order No. 1 for the surrender of Japan is approved by President Truman.

1945 年 8 月 17 日 - 印度尼西亚宣布脱离日本独立。日本投降的第一号总令是由杜鲁门总统批准的。

19 August 1945 - At a spontaneous non-communist meeting in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh assume a leading role in the movement to wrest power from the French. With the Japanese still in control of Indochina in the interim, Bảo Đại goes along because he thinks that the Viet Minh are still working with the American OSS and could guarantee independence for Vietnam. Later, Ho Chi Minh's guerrillas occupy Hanoi and proclaim a pr...

1945 年 8 月 19 日 - 在河内举行的一次自发的非共产主义会议上，胡志明和越盟在从法国手中夺取政权的运动中发挥了领导作用。由于日本人在此期间仍控制着印度支那，保大帝同意了，因为他认为越盟仍在与美国战略情报局合作，可以保证越南的独立。后来，胡志明游击队占领河内并宣布...

20 August 1945 - Nazi collaborator Vidkun Quisling went on trial in Oslo, Norway.

1945 年 8 月 20 日 - 纳粹合作者维德昆·吉斯林在挪威奥斯陆接受审判。

22 August 1945 - Japanese armies surrender to the Red Army in Manchuria.

1945 年 8 月 22 日 - 日本军队在满洲向红军投降。

27 August 1945 - Japanese armies in Burma surrender at Rangoon ceremonies.

1945 年 8 月 27 日 - 驻缅甸的日本军队在仰光举行投降仪式。

30 August 1945 - Royal Navy force under Rear-Admiral Cecil Harcourt liberates Hong Kong.

1945 年 8 月 30 日 - 塞西尔·哈考特少将率领的皇家海军解放了香港。

31 August 1945 - General MacArthur takes over command of the Japanese government in Tokyo.

1945 年 8 月 31 日 - 麦克阿瑟将军接管东京日本政府。

2 September 1945 - The Japanese Instrument of Surrender is signed on the deck of the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. The commander of the Imperial Japanese Army, General Tomoyuki Yamashita surrenders to Filipino and American troops at Kiangan, Ifugao in Northern Philippines. Ho Chi Minh issues his Proclamation of Independence, drawing heavily upon the American Declaration of Independence from a copy provided by the Office of Strategic Se...

1945 年 9 月 2 日 - 日本投降书在东京湾密苏里号航空母舰的甲板上签署。日本帝国陆军司令山下智之将军在菲律宾北部伊富高的基安安向菲律宾和美国军队投降。胡志明发表《独立宣言》，很大程度上借鉴了战略研究办公室提供的《美国独立宣言》的副本。

Casualties - Between 70 and 85 million people died, over half of them civilians: some 27 million in the Soviet Union, 15-20 million in China, 6 million Jews in the Holocaust, and millions more across Poland, the Raj, Yugoslavia, the Philippines and the Axis homelands.

伤亡 - 70 至 8500 万人死亡，其中一半以上是平民：苏联约 2700 万人，中国 15-2000 万人，大屠杀中 600 万犹太人，以及波兰、印度、南斯拉夫、菲律宾和轴心国家园的数百万人死亡。

Settlement - The Yalta and Potsdam conferences redrew borders and ordered expulsions of millions of ethnic Germans; Germany and Japan were occupied, denazified and demilitarized, and war-crimes trials at Nuremberg and Tokyo created the modern law of crimes against humanity.

和解——雅尔塔和波茨坦会议重新划定了边界，并下令驱逐数百万德意志人；德国和日本被占领、非纳粹化和非军事化，纽伦堡和东京的战争罪审判创立了现代反人类罪法。

New order - The United Nations was chartered at San Francisco in June 1945; the Bretton Woods institutions and the Protocol of atomic diplomacy opened the Cold War division that would structure the next forty-five years.

新秩序——1945 年 6 月，联合国在旧金山成立；布雷顿森林机构和原子外交议定书开启了冷战分裂，这将构成未来四十五年的格局。

Decolonization - Exhausted European empires could not hold Asia: India, Indonesia, Indochina and China movements all moved to independence or revolution within a few years of victory.

非殖民化——筋疲力尽的欧洲帝国无法控制亚洲：印度、印度尼西亚、印度支那和中国运动在胜利后几年内都走向了独立或革命。

Compiled and synthesized for bilingual reading from: Wikipedia "Timeline of World War II" year pages (1939-1945) and "Timeline of events preceding World War II"; Grokipedia "World War II" cross-check; and museum sources (National WWII Museum) already collected in this library. Structure and briefs are original synthesis; fact entries follow the cited timelines.

编译和综合供双语阅读：维基百科“第二次世界大战时间表”年份页面（1939-1945）和“第二次世界大战之前的事件时间表”； Grokipedia“二战”交叉检查；和博物馆资料（国家二战博物馆）已收藏在该图书馆中。结构和简介均为原创合成；事实条目遵循引用的时间表。