World War II and America’s Ship Names at 250
During World War II, ship names often referenced earlier eras of American history.
第二次世界大战期间，舰艇名称经常引用美国历史的早期时期。
Today, the US Navy continues its efforts to memorialize the country’s origins by upholding naming traditions that hark back more than 160 years.
如今，美国海军继续努力维护 160 多年前的命名传统，以纪念国家的起源。
Top Photo: USS Yorktown (CV-5), Operating in the vicinity of the Coral Sea, April 1942.
上图：约克城号航空母舰 (CV-5)，1942 年 4 月在珊瑚海附近执行任务。
Photographed from a TBD-1 torpedo plane that has just taken off from her deck.
拍摄于一架刚刚从甲板上起飞的 TBD-1 鱼雷机。
Official U.S. Navy Photograph , now in the collections of the U.S. National Archives.
美国海军官方照片，现收藏于美国国家档案馆。
Ship names during the country’s early days faced few restrictions.
该国早期的船舶名称几乎没有受到限制。
Most honored past or present naval heroes, the new nation’s ideals, or American cities.
最受尊敬的过去或现在的海军英雄、新国家的理想或美国城市。
During World War II, naming conventions revolved around law and upholding the Navy’s traditions, frequently focusing on ships of earlier eras as well as important Navy and Marine Corps figures.
第二次世界大战期间，命名惯例围绕法律并维护海军的传统，经常关注早期时代的舰艇以及重要的海军和海军陆战队人物。
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Certain types of ships received themed names chosen by the Secretary of the Navy.
某些类型的船只获得了海军部长选择的主题名称。
Aircraft carriers were often named for significant ships or battles.
航空母舰通常以重要的船只或战斗命名。
Cruisers were named for American cities and battleships for states.
巡洋舰以美国城市命名，战舰以州命名。
Destroyers and destroyer escorts honored past heroes from the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, as well as former Secretaries and Assistant Secretaries of the Navy, influential members of Congress, and notable inventors.
驱逐舰和驱逐舰护航舰向过去的海军、海军陆战队和海岸警卫队英雄、前海军部长和助理部长、有影响力的国会议员和著名发明家致敬。
Other new ships memorialized recently sunken vessels by taking their names.
其他新船以最近沉没的船只的名字来纪念它们。
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USS Hornet 1775-77.
USS 大黄蜂号 1775-77。
Copy of detail from the portrait of Captain William Stone.
威廉·斯通船长肖像的细节副本。
Mrs. Florence Whitehill, copy painter.
弗洛伦斯·怀特希尔夫人，临摹画家。
Charles Wilson Peale, original painter.
查尔斯·威尔逊·皮尔，原创画家。
Naval History and Heritage Command.
海军历史和遗产司令部。
Several ship names from the Revolutionary War era also appeared during World War II.
第二次世界大战期间也出现了一些独立战争时期的舰船名称。
For example, the Continental Navy purchased the 10-gun sloop Hornet in 1775, and it served the young nation for two years before disappearing from the historical record.
例如，大陆军于 1775 年购买了 10 门单桅帆船大黄蜂号，它在这个年轻的国家服役了两年，然后从历史记录中消失。
Evidence for what happened to the ship is incomplete, but the British may have captured it.
关于这艘船发生的事情的证据并不完整，但英国人可能已经捕获了它。
Five other ships bearing the name Hornet served the United States between 1805 and 1898.
1805 年至 1898 年间，还有另外五艘名为“大黄蜂”号的舰艇为美国服务。
Hornet reappeared during World War II, first as CV-8, a Yorktown-class aircraft carrier.
大黄蜂号在第二次世界大战期间再次出现，最初是约克城级航空母舰 CV-8。
USS Hornet (CV-8), photographed circa late 1941, soon after completion, probably at a U.S. east coast port.
USS Hornet (CV-8)，拍摄于大约 1941 年末，完工后不久，可能是在美国东海岸的一个港口。
U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph.
美国海军历史和遗产司令部照片。
The ship was commissioned in October 1941, participated in the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo, fought at the Battle of Midway, and was sunk following the Battle of Santa Cruz in October 1942.
该舰于 1941 年 10 月服役，参加了对东京的杜立特空袭，参加了中途岛海战，并在 1942 年 10 月的圣克鲁斯海战中被击沉。
In 1943, a new Essex-class aircraft carrier was commissioned USS Hornet (CV-12) in honor of CV-8.
1943 年，一艘新的埃塞克斯级航空母舰“大黄蜂号”(CV-12) 服役，以纪念 CV-8。
This eighth Hornet served throughout the Pacific, including the battles for Saipan, the Philippines, Palau, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa.
这架第八架大黄蜂在整个太平洋地区服役，包括塞班岛、菲律宾、帕劳、硫磺岛和冲绳岛的战斗。
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Commodore John Barry, USN (1745-1803).
美国海军准将约翰·巴里 (1745-1803)。
Engraving by J.B.
J.B. 雕刻
Longacre, after the painting by Gilbert Stuart, published in National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans, by James Herring and James Longacre, 1859.
《朗埃克》，根据吉尔伯特·斯图尔特的画作，由詹姆斯·赫林和詹姆斯·朗埃克出版于国家杰出美国人肖像画廊，1859 年。
U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph.
美国海军历史和遗产司令部照片。
The names of important American Revolution naval leaders also appeared in World War II.
美国独立战争时期重要海军领导人的名字也出现在第二次世界大战中。
One example was Commodore John Barry.
约翰·巴里准将就是一个例子。
Barry became a Continental Navy captain and commanded the Lexington .
巴里成为大陆军上尉并指挥列克星敦号。
He and his crew captured the first British ship of the war, Edward, in early April 1776.
1776 年 4 月上旬，他和他的船员俘获了第一艘英国战舰爱德华号。
After the war, Barry went back to captaining merchant ships but returned to naval service after Congress created an official Navy.
战后，巴里重新担任商船船长，但在国会成立正式海军后又回到海军服役。
Barry became the new Navy’s first commissioned officer and commanded the USS United States during the Quasi-War with France.
巴里成为新海军的第一位军官，并在与法国的准战争期间指挥美国号航空母舰。
He died in 1803.
他于 1803 年去世。
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USS Barry (DD-248) in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, during the late 1920s or early 1930s.
1920 年代末或 1930 年代初，停泊在古巴关塔那摩湾的巴里号航空母舰 (DD-248)。
Donation of Franklin Moran, 1967.
富兰克林·莫兰捐赠，1967 年。
U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph.
美国海军历史和遗产司令部照片。
In honor of Commodore Barry’s service, the Navy named several ships for him.
为了纪念巴里准将的服役，海军以他的名字命名了几艘舰艇。
This included USS Barry II (DD-248), a destroyer launched in 1920 and still in service during World War II.
其中包括 USS Barry II (DD-248)，这是一艘于 1920 年下水、二战期间仍在服役的驱逐舰。
The ship served in both the Atlantic and Pacific theaters.
该舰曾在大西洋和太平洋战区服役。
Barry underwent conversion to a high-speed transport in 1944 and was reclassified as APD-29.
1944 年，巴里号改装为高速运输机，并重新分类为 APD-29。
The ship participated in the Allied landings in southern France, served in the Mediterranean, and returned to the Pacific in 1945, supporting the Battle of Okinawa.
该舰参加了盟军在法国南部的登陆，在地中海服役，并于 1945 年返回太平洋，支援冲绳岛战役。
On May 25, 1945, a kamikaze struck Barry near Okinawa.
1945 年 5 月 25 日，一场神风特攻队袭击了冲绳附近的巴里。
The ship was towed to Kerama Retto, where crews determined it was unsalvageable and made the decision to tow Barry back to Okinawa as a decoy.
该船被拖至庆良间列岛，船员们认为该船无法打捞，并决定将巴里拖回冲绳作为诱饵。
On the way, Barry was again attacked by kamikaze planes and, alongside escort LSM-59, sank.
途中，巴里号再次遭到神风特攻队飞机的攻击，并与护航舰 LSM-59 一起沉没。
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Both USS Hornet and USS Barry upheld the long traditions of the US Navy during World War II.
“大黄蜂”号和“巴里”号都秉承了美国海军在二战期间的悠久传统。
Though often encountering tragedy, these ships and their crews served with distinction.
尽管经常遭遇悲剧，这些船只及其船员却表现出色。
Navy ship names continue to honor important people and events in American history.
海军舰艇的名称继续纪念美国历史上的重要人物和事件。
Today, USS Hornet (CV-12) serves as a museum ship in Alameda, California, and the name Barry is represented by USS Barry (DDG-52), an Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyer currently in service.
如今，“大黄蜂”号航空母舰 (CV-12) 已成为加利福尼亚州阿拉米达的一艘博物馆船，“巴里”这个名称由目前服役的阿利·伯克级导弹驱逐舰“巴里”号 (DDG-52) 代表。
Kali Martin, “Pluck, Pogy, and Portland: Naming Navy Ships in World War II,” October 26, 2020, https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/naming-navy-ships-in-world-war-ii (accessed January 13, 2026).
Kali Martin，“普拉克、波吉和波特兰：二战中海军舰艇的命名”，2020 年 10 月 26 日，https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/naming-navy-ships-in-world-war-ii（2026 年 1 月 13 日访问）。
Naval History and Heritage Command, “Vessels of the Continental Navy,” August 23, 2017, https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/v/vessels-of-the-continental-navy.html (accessed January 13, 2026); Naval History and Heritage Command, USS Hornet (CV-8),” undated, https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/photography/ships-us/ships-usn-h/uss-hornet-cv-8.html (accessed January 13, 2026); Aviation: From Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms, “USS Hornet,” undated, https://www.nps.gov/articles/uss-hornet.htm (accessed January 13, 2026); and Samuel Eliot Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II , vol. 5, The Struggle for Guadalcanal, August 1942-February 1943 (Naval Institute Press, 2010), 199-224.
海军历史和遗产司令部，“大陆海军的船只”，2017 年 8 月 23 日，https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/v/vessels-of-the-Continental-navy.html（2026 年 1 月 13 日访问）；海军历史和遗产司令部，USS Hornet (CV-8)，”未注明日期，https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/photography/ships-us/ships-usn-h/uss-hornet-cv-8.html（2026 年 1 月 13 日访问）；航空：从沙丘到音爆，“USS Hornet”日期不详，https://www.nps.gov/articles/uss-hornet.htm（2026 年 1 月 13 日访问）；以及 Samuel Eliot Morison，《第二次世界大战中的美国海军作战史》，第 5 卷，《瓜达尔卡纳尔岛的斗争》，1942 年 8 月至 1943 年 2 月（海军学院出版社，2010 年），199-224。
Naval History and Heritage Command, “Vessels of the Continental Navy,” August 23, 2017, https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/v/vessels-of-the-continental-navy.html (accessed January 13, 2026); Naval History and Heritage Command, USS Hornet (CV-8),” undated, https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/photography/ships-us/ships-usn-h/uss-hornet-cv-8.html (accessed January 13, 2026); Aviation: From Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms, “USS Hornet,” undated, https://www.nps.gov/articles/uss-hornet.htm (accessed January 13, 2026); and Samuel Eliot Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II , vol. 5, The Struggle for Guadalcanal, August 1942-February 1943 (Naval Institute Press, 2010), 199-224.
海军历史和遗产司令部，“大陆海军的船只”，2017 年 8 月 23 日，https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/v/vessels-of-the-Continental-navy.html（2026 年 1 月 13 日访问）；海军历史和遗产司令部，USS Hornet (CV-8)，”未注明日期，https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/photography/ships-us/ships-usn-h/uss-hornet-cv-8.html（2026 年 1 月 13 日访问）；航空：从沙丘到音爆，“USS Hornet”，未注明日期，https://www.nps.gov/articles/uss-hornet.htm（2026 年 1 月 13 日访问）；和塞缪尔·艾略特·莫里森，《第二次世界大战中美国海军作战史》，卷。 5，瓜达尔卡纳尔岛的斗争，1942 年 8 月至 1943 年 2 月（海军学院出版社，2010 年），199-224。
Naval History and Heritage Command, “Vessels of the Continental Navy,” August 23, 2017, https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/v/vessels-of-the-continental-navy.html (accessed January 13, 2026); Naval History and Heritage Command, USS Hornet (CV-8),” undated, https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/photography/ships-us/ships-usn-h/uss-hornet-cv-8.html (accessed January 13, 2026); Aviation: From Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms, “USS Hornet,” undated, https://www.nps.gov/articles/uss-hornet.htm (accessed January 13, 2026); and Samuel Eliot Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II , vol. 5, The Struggle for Guadalcanal, August 1942-February 1943 (Naval Institute Press, 2010), 199-224.
海军历史和遗产司令部，“大陆海军的船只”，2017 年 8 月 23 日，https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/v/vessels-of-the-Continental-navy.html（2026 年 1 月 13 日访问）；海军历史和遗产司令部，USS Hornet (CV-8)，”未注明日期，https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/photography/ships-us/ships-usn-h/uss-hornet-cv-8.html（2026 年 1 月 13 日访问）；航空：从沙丘到音爆，“USS Hornet”日期不详，https://www.nps.gov/articles/uss-hornet.htm（2026 年 1 月 13 日访问）；以及 Samuel Eliot Morison，《第二次世界大战中的美国海军作战史》，第 5 卷，《瓜达尔卡纳尔岛的斗争》，1942 年 8 月至 1943 年 2 月（海军学院出版社，2010 年），199-224。
Sarah Patterson, PhD is a World War II Military Historian at the Jenny Craig Institute for the Study of War & Democracy at the National WWII Museum in New Orleans.
莎拉·帕特森博士是新奥尔良国家二战博物馆珍妮·克雷格战争与民主研究所的二战军事历史学家。
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League served as inspiration for young women across the country and opened the door further for women’s professional sports.
全美女子职业棒球联盟为全国年轻女性提供了灵感，并进一步为女子职业运动打开了大门。
Joseph R.
约瑟夫·R。
Beyrle's experience captures the initiative demanded of airborne soldiers, the brutality endured by prisoners of war, and the unlikely battlefield cooperation between American and Soviet soldiers during the final months of the war.
拜尔的经历体现了空降兵所需要的主动性、战俘所遭受的残酷以及战争最后几个月美国和苏联士兵之间不太可能的战场合作。
In the letter, Major Richard “Dick” Winters responded to Stephen Ambrose's request for his thoughts on the strain of command, the problems he faced during the war, and the living conditions his soldiers endured.
在信中，理查德·“迪克”·温特斯少校回应了斯蒂芬·安布罗斯关于他对指挥压力、他在战争期间面临的问题以及他的士兵所忍受的生活条件的看法的请求。
What emerged was also a concise explanation of Winters’s leadership philosophy.
随之而来的是对温特斯领导哲学的简洁解释。
At The National WWII Museum, remembering the anniversary of September 11 means remembering all those who perished that day and recognizing the many different stories they carried with them.
在国家二战博物馆，纪念 9 月 11 日的周年纪念意味着纪念那天所有遇难的人，并认识到他们所承载的许多不同的故事。
Initially, hell ships moved Allied POWs to areas where their labor was needed, such as the Japanese main islands and other recently conquered regions, but later, they also moved prisoners to prevent them from being liberated by advancing Allied forces.
最初，地狱船将盟军战俘转移到需要他们劳动力的地区，例如日本主岛和其他最近征服的地区，但后来，它们也转移囚犯，以防止他们被前进的盟军解放。
One of Japan’s main goals during World War II was to remove the United States as a Pacific power in order to gain territory in east Asia and the southwest Pacific islands.
日本在第二次世界大战期间的主要目标之一是消除美国作为太平洋大国的地位，以获得东亚和西南太平洋岛屿的领土。
Japan hoped to defeat the US Pacific Fleet and use Midway as a base to attack Pearl Harbor, securing dominance in the region and then forcing a negotiated peace.
日本希望击败美国太平洋舰队，并以中途岛为基地袭击珍珠港，确保该地区的主导地位，然后通过谈判实现和平。
A product of post Great War naval treaties and launched amid rising global tensions, the USS New Orleans forged a bond with its namesake city in the years before World War II
新奥尔良号航空母舰是一战后海军条约的产物，在全球紧张局势不断升级的情况下下水，在第二次世界大战前的几年里与同名城市建立了联系
945 Magazine Street, New Orleans, LA 70130 info@nationalww2museum.org 504-528-1944
945 Magazine Street, 新奥尔良, LA 70130 info@nationalww2museum.org 504-528-1944