Eva Schloss, Holocaust Survivor and Stepsister of Anne Frank, Dies at 96
Eva Schloss dedicated her life to Holocaust education and sharing her experiences with audiences around the world.
伊娃·施洛斯 (Eva Schloss) 一生致力于大屠杀教育，并与世界各地的观众分享她的经历。
Top Photo: Eva Schloss during her oral history interview in 2008.
上图：伊娃·施洛斯 (Eva Schloss) 2008 年接受口述历史采访。
The National WWII Museum
国家二战博物馆
Schloss’s death was announced by the Anne Frank Trust UK , a Holocaust and anti-prejudice education organization she co-founded and served as honorary president of.
施洛斯的去世是由英国安妮弗兰克信托基金会宣布的，这是一个由她共同创立并担任名誉主席的大屠杀和反偏见教育组织。
“Eva was a remarkable woman: an Auschwitz survivor, a devoted Holocaust educator, tireless in her work for remembrance, understanding and peace,” her family said in a statement posted on the organization’s website.
她的家人在该组织网站上发布的一份声明中表示：“伊娃是一位杰出的女性：奥斯威辛集中营的幸存者、虔诚的大屠杀教育者，孜孜不倦地致力于纪念、理解与和平。”
Schloss (née Geiringer) was born to a Jewish family in Vienna, Austria, in 1929.
施洛斯（娘家姓盖林格）1929 年出生于奥地利维也纳的一个犹太家庭。
In 1938, after Adolf Hitler annexed Austria, the Geiringer family relocated to the Netherlands to escape Nazi persecution.
1938年，阿道夫·希特勒吞并奥地利后，盖林格家族为躲避纳粹迫害而迁往荷兰。
Settling in Amsterdam, the family became neighbors with the Frank family—Otto, Edith, and their daughters, Margot and Anne.
一家人定居在阿姆斯特丹，与弗兰克一家——奥托、伊迪丝以及他们的女儿玛戈特和安妮成为邻居。
Eva and Anne were the same age and played together often.
伊娃和安妮同龄，经常一起玩耍。
In July 1942, Eva’s family was forced into hiding after her older brother, Heinz, received orders to report to a German work camp.
1942 年 7 月，伊娃的哥哥海因茨接到前往德国工作营报到的命令后，她的家人被迫躲藏起来。
The family was separated, Eva with their mother, Fritzi, and Heinz with their father, Erich, with few reunions.
一家人被分开了，伊娃和母亲弗里茨在一起，海因茨和父亲埃里希在一起，很少有团聚。
In May 1944, on Eva’s 15th birthday, the Geiringer family was captured after being betrayed by a Nazi sympathizer in the Dutch Underground.
1944 年 5 月，伊娃 15 岁生日，盖林格一家因被荷兰地下纳粹同情者出卖而被捕。
The family was sent to Auschwitz, where Eva experienced horrors that left her physically and spiritually devastated.
一家人被送往奥斯维辛，伊娃在那里经历了恐怖，身体和精神都受到了摧残。
“The fear of dying was, of course, every day with us,” Schloss recounted in her oral history interview with The National WWII Museum.
“当然，对死亡的恐惧每天都伴随着我们，”施洛斯在接受国家二战博物馆的口述历史采访时回忆道。
When Soviet troops liberated Auschwitz-Birkenau in January 1945, Eva and her mother were among the around 7,000 ill or dying prisoners left at the camp after SS evacuated.
1945 年 1 月，苏联军队解放奥斯威辛-比克瑙集中营，党卫军撤离后，营地里约有 7,000 名患病或垂死的囚犯，伊娃和她的母亲就是其中之一。
Before the camp was liberated, SS units forced nearly 60,000 prisoners, including Eva’s brother and father, to march west in what became known as the death marches.
在集中营解放之前，党卫军部队强迫近 60,000 名囚犯（包括伊娃的兄弟和父亲）向西行军，这就是所谓的死亡行军。
Eva later learned from the Red Cross that her brother and father survived the death march to the Mauthausen concentration camp, but both perished just days before that camp was liberated.
伊娃后来从红十字会了解到，她的兄弟和父亲在前往毛特豪森集中营的死亡行军中幸存下来，但两人都在该集中营解放前几天丧生。
In 1951, Eva moved to England, where she met and married Zvi Schloss.
1951 年，伊娃移居英国，在那里她认识了兹维·施洛斯 (Zvi Schloss)，并与她结婚。
The couple settled in London and had three daughters.
这对夫妇定居在伦敦，育有三个女儿。
In 1953, her mother, Fritzi, married Otto Frank, the only survivor of the Secret Annex.
1953 年，她的母亲弗里茨 (Fritzi) 与秘密附楼唯一的幸存者奥托·弗兰克 (Otto Frank) 结婚。
Schloss dedicated her life to Holocaust education and sharing her story with audiences around the world.
施洛斯一生致力于大屠杀教育，并与世界各地的观众分享她的故事。
She was the author of three books: Eva’s Story, The Promise, and After Auschwitz .
她是三本书的作者：《伊娃的故事》、《承诺》和《奥斯威辛之后》。
In 1990, Schloss co-founded the Anne Frank Trust UK to empower young people to “challenge all forms of prejudice through learning from Anne Frank and the Holocaust.”
1990 年，施洛斯与他人共同创立了英国安妮·弗兰克信托基金，旨在帮助年轻人“通过向安妮·弗兰克和大屠杀学习，挑战一切形式的偏见”。
“We must never forget the terrible consequences of treating people as ‘other,’” Schloss said in 2024.
施洛斯在 2024 年表示：“我们永远不能忘记将人们视为‘异类’的可怕后果。”
“We need to respect everybody’s races and religions.
“我们需要尊重每个人的种族和宗教。
We need to live together with our differences.
我们需要与我们的分歧一起生活。
The only way to achieve this is through education, and the younger we start the better.”
实现这一目标的唯一途径是通过教育，而且越年轻越好。”
In 2008, Schloss recounted her experiences as a Holocaust survivor during a public presentation at The National WWII Museum in New Orleans, and her story is featured in the Museum’s Liberation Pavilion.
2008 年，施洛斯在新奥尔良国家二战博物馆的一次公开演讲中讲述了她作为大屠杀幸存者的经历，她的故事在博物馆的解放馆中展出。
We are also proud to have her oral history in our Digital Collections .
我们也很自豪在我们的数字馆藏中拥有她的口述历史。
We are grateful for Ms. Schloss’s stories and friendship, and our thoughts are with her family.
我们感谢施洛斯女士的故事和友谊，我们的思念与她的家人同在。
Kevin Dupuy is a National Edward R.
凯文·杜普伊 (Kevin Dupuy) 是爱德华·R·国民 (National Edward R.
Murrow Award-winning producer and Director of Digital Content at The National WWII Museum.
默罗奖获奖制作人兼国家二战博物馆数字内容总监。
On January 27, 1945, the Red Army entered the gates of Auschwitz in horrified awe of what they encountered.
1945 年 1 月 27 日，红军带着对所遭遇的一切的惊恐和敬畏走进了奥斯维辛集中营的大门。
As they marched through the snow, they encountered stacks of frozen corpses and 7,000 frightened, exhausted prisoners in the barracks.
当他们在雪地里行进时，他们在营房里遇到了成堆的冰冻尸体和7000名惊恐、疲惫的囚犯。
Desperate for slave labor to continue the doomed war effort and fearful of camp survivors exposing Nazi crimes, German decision-makers put in motion nearly three-quarters of a million concentration camp prisoners.
德国决策者迫切需要奴隶劳动来继续注定失败的战争，并担心集中营幸存者揭露纳粹罪行，因此将集中营一百万囚犯中的近四分之三投入了行动。
Of this number, 250,000 died in these death marches.
其中 25 万人死于这些死亡行军。
American soldiers liberated the concentration camp at Buchenwald on April 11, 1945, and were profoundly shaken by what they discovered.
1945 年 4 月 11 日，美国士兵解放了布痕瓦尔德 (Buchenwald) 集中营，他们的发现深深震撼了他们。
On January 27, 1945, the courage of Master Sergeant Roderick W.
1945 年 1 月 27 日，军士长 Roderick W.
“Roddie” Edmonds to speak up for his fellow POWs shielded them from certain persecution and potential death.
“罗迪”埃德蒙兹为他的战俘同伴发声，保护他们免受某些迫害和潜在的死亡。
On January 27, 1945, the Red Army entered the gates of Auschwitz in horrified awe of what they encountered.
1945 年 1 月 27 日，红军带着对所遭遇的一切的惊恐和敬畏走进了奥斯维辛集中营的大门。
As they marched through the snow, they encountered stacks of frozen corpses and 7,000 frightened, exhausted prisoners in the barracks.
当他们在雪地里行进时，他们在营房里遇到了成堆的冰冻尸体和7000名惊恐、疲惫的囚犯。
This month, in accordance with International Holocaust Remembrance Day, we seek to help learners consider how to approach teaching and learning about the Holocaust.
本月，根据国际大屠杀纪念日，我们力求帮助学习者考虑如何进行有关大屠杀的教学和学习。
It was at Chełmno that the Nazis tested various methods of exterminating people en masse while they sought an alternative to the Einsatzgruppen’s mass shootings.
正是在海乌姆诺，纳粹测试了各种集体灭绝人口的方法，同时寻求替代特别行动队大规模枪击的方法。
In 1942, when the Nazis rounded up the children in his Warsaw Ghetto orphanage and sent them to the death camp at Treblinka, Janusz Korczak refused to leave their side.
1942 年，当纳粹将孩子们围捕到华沙犹太人区孤儿院并将他们送往特雷布林卡死亡营时，雅努什·科尔恰克拒绝离开他们。
He was murdered alongside his pupils shortly after arriving at Treblinka.
到达特雷布林卡后不久，他和他的学生一起被谋杀。
Historian Nathan Stoltzfus has done so much to throw light on intermarriage in Nazi Germany and the remarkable stories of resilience and resistance of everyday people.
历史学家内森·斯托尔茨福斯（Nathan Stoltzfus）做了很多工作来阐明纳粹德国的通婚以及普通人的坚韧和抵抗的非凡故事。
The Oyneg Shabes Archive, created by historian Emanuel Ringelblum and other Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto, meticulously documented their lives, suffering, and resistance during the Holocaust, ensuring their stories would survive even as they faced annihilation by the Nazis.
奥内格·沙贝斯档案馆 (Oyneg Shabes Archive) 由历史学家伊曼纽尔·林格尔布卢姆 (Emanuel Ringelblum) 和华沙隔都的其他犹太人创建，细致地记录了他们在大屠杀期间的生活、苦难和抵抗，确保他们的故事即使在面临纳粹的灭绝时也能流传下来。
945 Magazine Street, New Orleans, LA 70130 info@nationalww2museum.org 504-528-1944
945 Magazine Street, 新奥尔良, LA 70130 info@nationalww2museum.org 504-528-1944