890: Maximal Americanness - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #890 | July 3, 2026 890: Maximal Americanness Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 890 集 | 2026 年 7 月 3 日 890：最大的美国风格 注：《美国生活》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.
如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue: Prologue Announcer
序言：序言播音员
When he was in his 20s-- it was years ago-- Pablo Torre started appearing on TV, talking about sports, talking about something that now he's kind of embarrassed about.
当他 20 多岁的时候——那是几年前的事了——巴勃罗·托雷开始出现在电视上，谈论体育，谈论一些现在他有点尴尬的事情。
I was a gasbag on ESPN.
我是 ESPN 上的一个气人。
Various people did not like me, I think.
我想很多人都不喜欢我。
I just sort of represented this new young person who was vaguely Asian but also Mexican.
我只是代表了这个新的年轻人，他是亚洲人，但也是墨西哥人。
I'm Filipino.
我是菲律宾人。
That answers that mystery.
这就是这个谜团的答案。
[LAUGHTER] But I had this take from the very beginning of my time on TV back in 2012, which was, we debate in sports all of the time.
[笑声] 但我从 2012 年刚开始上电视时就有了这样的想法，那就是，我们一直在体育方面进行辩论。
How much did the refs blow this?
裁判吹了多少？
What should the call have been?
应该打什么电话？
Who's the hero?
谁是英雄？
Who's the villain?
谁是恶人？
What's right, and what's wrong?
什么是对的，什么是错的？
And I had been arguing forever that robots can solve this.
我一直在争论机器人可以解决这个问题。
Like, we have the technology.
就像，我们有技术。
If you replace the referee or the umpire with a robot, we don't need to waste our time arguing about this dumb shit.
如果用机器人取代裁判员或裁判员，我们就不需要浪费时间争论这种愚蠢的事情了。
It became a thing I was known for, was calling for this robot referee revolution.
这成为我众所周知的事情，呼吁机器人裁判革命。
Like, the guy won't shut up about these robots.
就像，这家伙不会对这些机器人闭嘴。
Anyhow, years go on.
无论如何，岁月还在继续。
And then finally, in 2021, I see this story break that, at long last, the most traditional sport in all of America, Major League Baseball, is experimenting with robot umpires in the minor leagues.
最后，在 2021 年，我看到这个故事被打破：美国最传统的运动——美国职业棒球大联盟终于在小联盟中试验机器人裁判。
Minor league teams installed what they called the ABS system, the Automated Ball Strike system, these hawkeye cameras with optical tracking.
小联盟球队安装了他们所谓的 ABS 系统、自动击球系统，这些带有光学跟踪功能的鹰眼摄像机。
They looked out over home plate and saw perfectly whether every pitch was in the strike zone and then told the human umpire, who was standing there, through an earpiece, whether to call it a ball or strike.
他们眺望本垒板，清楚地看到每个球是否都在好球区，然后通过耳机告诉站在那里的人类裁判是否称其为球或好球。
And the way it worked in the early versions is that the robots made the call, and the human umpire just let the fans and players know what the robot said.
早期版本的工作方式是机器人做出决定，人类裁判只是让球迷和球员知道机器人说了什么。
Pablo got what he always dreamed of, what he'd always pontificated about.
巴勃罗得到了他一直梦想的东西，得到了他一直自以为是的东西。
There was no more need to argue about the umpire's calls, no more reason to boo the umpire from the stands.
不再需要争论裁判的判罚，不再有理由在看台上向裁判发出嘘声。
And?
和？
When Pablo watched those games?
巴勃罗什么时候看那些比赛的？
It wasn't as good.
情况没那么好。
It wasn't as good.
情况没那么好。
Because so much of what going to a baseball game is like is you sitting in the stands and effectively using the airspace around you as this sort of pillow you can scream into, releasing whatever it is pent up over the course of your day and your week and, frankly, your childhood.
因为看棒球比赛的大部分感觉就是你坐在看台上，有效地利用你周围的空间作为你可以尖叫的枕头，释放你一天、一周、坦率地说，你的童年所压抑的一切。
And you're getting to unleash it on-- and this is, I think, a really important part of this-- on another person.
你要把它释放到另一个人身上——我认为这是其中非常重要的一部分。
Pablo says that watching the minor league games, knowing that the human umpire was just the messenger for the robot empire and its perfect calls of balls and strikes--
巴勃罗说，观看小联盟比赛，知道人类裁判只是机器人帝国及其完美的传球和击球的使者——
It felt like the equivalent of talking to a customer service rep that you know isn't a person.
这感觉就像与一个你知道不是一个人的客户服务代表交谈。
It's like, I get that you're making human noises, but it's eerie.
就像，我知道你在发出人类的声音，但这很奇怪。
And then realizing, oh, no, no-- I want a human.
然后意识到，哦，不，不——我想要一个人。
Because when you're getting mad at an umpire in these minor league, full ABS system games, you're just yelling at your computer monitor.
因为当你在这些小联盟、完整 ABS 系统的比赛中对裁判生气时，你只是对着电脑显示器大喊大叫。
Then this season-- I'm guessing a lot of you have heard this-- the robot umpires arrived in the major leagues.
然后这个赛季——我猜你们很多人都听说过——机器人裁判来到了大联盟。
The ABS system went into every Major League Baseball park.
ABS 系统进入了美国职业棒球大联盟的每个球场。
And every game in those parks has used that technology.
这些公园里的每场比赛都使用了这项技术。
And the problem that Pablo had with ABS when he first saw it in the minors-- they fixed it.
当巴勃罗第一次在未成年人中看到 ABS 时，他遇到了 ABS 的问题——他们解决了它。
They fixed it completely and fully with a competence he had never expected from Major League Baseball.
他们以他从未期望过的美国职业棒球大联盟的能力彻底解决了这个问题。
How'd they do it?
他们是怎么做到的？
So explain for people who aren't watching baseball how the system works now.
因此，向不看棒球的人解释一下该系统现在是如何运作的。
It's brilliant, the way it works now, and I didn't see it coming.
这太棒了，现在的运作方式，我没有预见到它的到来。
The way it works is that it's not a computer telling the umpire in their ear, this is a ball, and this is a strike.
它的工作方式是，它不是计算机在耳边告诉裁判，这是一个球，这是一次好球。
What's happening instead is the umpire, the human being, is going about their job as they have for decades upon decades.
相反，裁判员，人类，正在像几十年来一样继续他们的工作。
So the umpire is calling the game, the way they always have.
因此，裁判员正在以他们一贯的方式宣布比赛。
Yes, except now there is a challenge system, in which the batter, the pitcher, the catcher, they can basically throw a flag and say, in so many words, I think the umpire messed up.
是的，除了现在有一个挑战系统，击球手、投手、捕手，他们基本上可以扔一面旗子，说，用这么多话，我认为裁判搞砸了。
And at that point, the robot, up on the jumbotron, they show you whether the umpire actually got it right or wrong.
那时，大屏幕上的机器人会向你展示裁判的判断是否正确或错误。
And what it did was, in this brilliant way, once again, we are judging a human being, the umpire.
它所做的是，以这种绝妙的方式，我们再次评判一个人，即裁判员。
So to show just how satisfying that can be for fans, this is a game in Cincinnati in March.
因此，为了向球迷展示这有多令人满意，这是三月份在辛辛那提举行的一场比赛。
It's the Reds versus the Boston Red Sox.
这是红军对阵波士顿红袜队的比赛。
This is only three days after they started doing these challenges.
这距离他们开始进行这些挑战仅三天。
Ryan Watson is pitching for Boston, and this is actually his very first game pitching Major League Baseball.
瑞安·沃森 (Ryan Watson) 为波士顿队投球，这实际上是他在美国职业棒球大联盟 (MLB) 投球的第一场比赛。
And then in the sixth inning, Boston is behind 5 to 3.
随后第六局，波士顿队以5比3落后。
Cincinnati is at bat.
辛辛那提正在击球。
Bases are loaded.
基地已加载。
They have two outs.
他们有两个出局。
A player named Eugenio Suárez is at bat.
一位名叫尤金尼奥·苏亚雷斯的球员正在击球。
They're paying him to hit the ball out of the ballpark.
他们付钱让他把球击出球场。
This is certainly the moment of the game to this point.
到目前为止，这无疑是游戏的关键时刻。
Here comes the 1-2.
1-2 来了。
And in there!
在那里！
Struck him out!
把他轰出去！
Now they're going to challenge this.
现在他们要挑战这一点。
Yeah.
是的。
What you see is that the batter taps his helmet, which is a signal for, I initiate a challenge.
你看到的是击球手敲击他的头盔，这是一个信号，我发起挑战。
I'm taking this to the court of appeals.
我将把这件事提交给上诉法院。
And, immediately, on the jumbotron, you see the strike zone.
然后，立即在大屏幕上，您会看到击球区。
And you see the electronic depiction of the ball.
你会看到球的电子描述。
And we see that, in fact, the batter was right.
我们看到，事实上，击球手是对的。
ABS powered by T-Mobile-- that's out of the zone!
由 T-Mobile 提供支持的 ABS——超乎想象！
The inning continues!
本局继续！
This was not a strike.
这不是一次罢工。
It was a ball.
那是一个球。
And the umpire, in other words, has messed up.
换句话说，裁判搞砸了。
And people love it.
人们喜欢它。
Commentator ABS could be a lot of fun, Mark!
评论员 ABS 可能会很有趣，马克！
I mean, this game becomes this comedic chapter in the history of baseball.
我的意思是，这场比赛成为棒球史上的喜剧篇章。
Because the very next pitch, another challenge.
因为下一个投球，又是一个挑战。
The batter says, you did it again.
击球手说，你又做到了。
J'accuse again.
我再次控诉。
Called strike three, tapped the helmet again.
呼叫第三击，再次敲击头盔。
[CROWD CHEERING] Outside!
[人群欢呼]外面！
The loudest cheers of the game.
全场欢呼声最响亮。
The Reds have hit two homers, come up back-to-back challenges!
红军打出两个本垒打，背靠背发起挑战！
And now it's just like you almost begin to feel bad for CB Bucknor, the umpire, almost.
现在就像你几乎开始为裁判 CB Bucknor 感到难过一样。
Oh my god.
我的天啊。
People are standing.
人们站着。
They're cheering.
他们在欢呼。
People are so excited.
人们非常兴奋。
It's so great.
太棒了。
[LAUGHS] Look, in sports, you dream-- as a sports fan, you dream of stuff like this.
[笑]看，在体育运动中，你梦想——作为一名体育迷，你梦想这样的东西。
Eugenio Suárez then hit the ball and was tagged out at first.
尤金尼奥·苏亚雷斯随后击球并首先被罚下场。
But the Reds won.
但红军赢了。
And-- most eye opening-- the umpire, CB Bucknor, had six of his calls overturned by the robot umpire in that game.
最让人大开眼界的是，裁判 CB Bucknor 在那场比赛中有六次判罚被机器人裁判推翻。
That had never happened before in the Major Leagues.
这在大联盟之前从未发生过。
Pablo points out Major League Baseball could have gotten rid of the ump at the plate entirely, the way they got rid of line judges in tennis.
巴勃罗指出，美国职业棒球大联盟本可以完全取消本垒板上的 ump，就像他们在网球中取消边线裁判一样。
They could have chosen perfect robot umpiring, perfect calls, balls and strikes like he gasbagged about years ago.
他们本可以选择完美的机器人裁判、完美的判罚、球和好球，就像他几年前那样。
But instead, they understood that one of the pleasures of the game is yelling.
但相反，他们明白游戏的乐趣之一就是大喊大叫。
The fact is that there are few scenarios in American life, or anywhere that I can imagine, where you're empowered.
事实上，在美国生活中，或者在我能想象的任何地方，你都没有被赋予权力的场景。
You're legally, contractually allowed to go fucking nuts on the authority figure.
根据法律和合同，你可以对权威人物发疯。
Imagine doing that to a judge.
想象一下对法官这样做。
You don't get to do that, except in sports.
除了体育运动之外，你不能这样做。
Yeah.
是的。
There's a quote from the guy who was the chairman of the committee that decided how to roll this out, this guy named John Stanton.
决定如何推出这一项目的委员会主席引用了一句话，这个人名叫约翰·斯坦顿（John Stanton）。
And he said that the system that they chose to do retains the human side of the game, quote, "adding a new fan-friendly engagement moment."
他表示，他们选择的系统保留了游戏人性化的一面，“增加了一个新的粉丝友好的参与时刻。”
Yeah.
是的。
I mean, let's be honest with what that is.
我的意思是，让我们诚实地面对那是什么。
A fan-friendly engagement moment is booing the shit out of umpires.
球迷友好的参与时刻就是对裁判发出嘘声。
That's what fan-friendly engagement means.
这就是粉丝友好参与的意义。
It means let's give the coliseum some blood.
这意味着让我们为竞技场注入一些血液。
Now, you and I are talking about this right now because I reached out to you, and I said, we're going to do an episode to commemorate our country's 250th anniversary.
现在，你和我正在谈论这个问题，因为我联系过你，我说，我们将制作一集来纪念我们国家的 250 周年华诞。
And we thought it would be nice to just celebrate and commemorate things that seem very, very American, like, especially American.
我们认为庆祝和纪念那些看起来非常非常美国化、特别是美国化的事情会很好。
How does this ABS challenge system fit the bill?
这个 ABS 挑战系统如何满足要求？
Because America, if you're really cutting to the core of us, we want to be mad as much as we want justice.
因为美国，如果你真的切入我们的核心，我们想要生气就像我们想要正义一样。
We want to be able to express what's inside of us that feels like it's trapped there as much as we want to see each getting their own fair due.
我们希望能够表达我们内心的感觉，就像我们希望看到每个人都得到自己应有的公平一样。
And in this ABS system, what our pastime, our oldest, stodgiest, dustiest pastime has given us is somehow the ability to maybe have both.
在这个 ABS 系统中，我们的消遣，我们最古老、最乏味、最尘土飞扬的消遣，在某种程度上赋予了我们两者兼得的能力。
Both, meaning we want justice, but we also want to scream at somebody.
两者兼而有之，意味着我们想要正义，但我们也想对某人尖叫。
Hard not to think about what's going on in national politics when he puts it that way.
当他这样说时，很难不去思考国家政治中正在发生的事情。
Today on our show, for our July 4 semiquincentennial-- and, yes, I had to look that word up, which means 250th.
今天在我们的节目中，我们庆祝 7 月 4 日五十周年纪念日——是的，我必须查一下这个词，它的意思是 250 周年。
According to the internet, actually, an alternative word for this is sestercentennial, but that just sounds like a very old nun.
实际上，根据互联网的说法，这个词的替代词是 sestercentennial，但这听起来像是一个非常老的修女。
For our semiquincentennial, commemorating what this country has been for 250 years, we thought that it would be fun to collect a bunch of things that just seem very particularly American, like changing the rules of our national pastime to allow for more screaming at figures of authority.
在我们的五十周年纪念日，纪念这个国家 250 年来的发展，我们认为收集一些看起来非常美国化的东西会很有趣，比如改变我们国家消遣的规则，允许更多地对权威人物尖叫。
Today on our show, we have the most American question, we have a trip to a Michigan sand dune with our own question, and we have so much more.
今天在我们的节目中，我们有最美国化的问题，我们带着我们自己的问题去了密歇根沙丘，我们还有更多。
From WBEZ Chicago, it's This American Life.
来自芝加哥 WBEZ 的《This American Life》。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Stay with us.
留在我们身边。
It's This American Life.
这就是美国生活。
Our semiquincentennial episode-- boy, that really does not roll off the tongue-- Act One, A Most American Question.
我们的半个世纪纪念集——天哪，这真的不会脱口而出——第一幕，一个最美国化的问题。
So there are definitely are a bunch of questions that Americans have asked over our 250 years that seem very characteristically American.
因此，美国人在 250 年来提出的一系列问题显然非常具有美国特色。
Are you now, or have you ever been, a member of the Communist Party?
您现在或者曾经是一名共产党员吗？
Do you want fries with that?
你想配薯条吗？
Where are you from?
你从哪来？
With its classic companion, where are you really from?
有了它的经典伴侣，你到底来自哪里？
One of our contributors, Jiayang Fan, has her pick for the most American question out there.
我们的贡献者之一范嘉阳 (Jiayang Fan) 选择了最美国化的问题。
The first time I heard someone ask the question outside of an ESL class, I was eight years old.
我第一次听到有人在 ESL 课程之外问这个问题是在我八岁的时候。
Are you OK?
你还好吗？
I knew so few English words that part of the reason why it registered so distinctly must have been the shock of understanding.
我认识的英语单词太少了，它之所以如此清晰，部分原因一定是理解上的震撼。
Are you OK?
你还好吗？
A young police officer was asking my mother the question.
一位年轻的警察正在问我母亲这个问题。
He had been called, as the police were often called in our first days in America, to our basement apartment.
他被叫到我们的地下室公寓，就像我们刚到美国的第一天警察经常被叫到的那样。
My mother and I had recently reunited with my father after he'd left to study in America six years earlier.
我和母亲最近与六年前去美国留学的父亲团聚。
And it hadn't gone well.
但进展并不顺利。
Doors were slammed, plates shattered, limbs pinned to the ground, ultimatums delivered.
门被关上，盘子被打碎，四肢被钉在地上，发出最后通牒。
Usually, I hid in bed, under the covers, with palms pasted to my ears.
通常，我躲在床上，盖着被子，手掌贴着耳朵。
But that day, the apartment was quiet.
但那天，公寓里却很安静。
My father had already left for good.
我的父亲已经永远离开了。
Did my mother call because she was being harassed by my father's mistress or because we were being evicted from our basement studio?
我母亲打电话是因为她被我父亲的情妇骚扰还是因为我们被逐出地下室工作室？
I no longer remember.
我已经不记得了。
I do remember that it was the first time I dared to look at an American police officer up close-- blue uniform, black boots, a belt heavy and crowded.
我确实记得那是我第一次敢于近距离观察美国警察——蓝色制服，黑色靴子，腰带沉重而拥挤。
My mother and I did not look to be in the way of bodily harm.
我和母亲看起来并没有受到身体伤害。
There was nothing more for an officer of the law to do.
执法人员没有什么可做的了。
Are you OK, ma'am?, the man asked as he stood in the doorway.
“女士，您还好吗？”男人站在门口问道。
The question hung in the air as a procedural formality, as a way of wrapping up the visit.
这个问题作为一种程序形式而悬而未决，作为结束访问的一种方式。
I had been in the country for less than a year.
我来这个国家还不到一年。
But I knew what the next words should be, the standard call and response, the same way that "how are you?" had only one answer.
但我知道接下来应该说什么，标准的呼叫和回应，就像“你好吗？”一样。只有一个答案。
Fine, thank you.
好的，谢谢。
How are you?
你好吗？
But that day, kneeling on the floor, face covered in her own tears and snot, my mother responded with something else.
但那天，我母亲跪在地板上，脸上沾满了自己的泪水和鼻涕，她的回应却是另外一番话。
No, she said.
不，她说。
The officer lowered himself onto the floor next to the doorjamb, then listened and nodded for an hour.
这名警官趴在门框旁边的地板上，听着，点点头，持续了一个小时。
I was astonished.
我很惊讶。
My mother followed rules tirelessly and taught me to do the same, all part of adapting as seamlessly as possible.
我的母亲不知疲倦地遵守规则，并教我做同样的事情，所有这些都是尽可能无缝地适应的一部分。
Why would she embarrass herself like that?
她为什么要这样羞辱自己？
I didn't understand enough English to follow the conversation, but as I watched my mother closely, I was certain I would never break the script like that.
我不懂英语，无法跟上对话，但当我仔细观察母亲时，我确信我永远不会那样破坏剧本。
I spent the next several years irritated with, are you OK?
接下来的几年我都在烦恼，你还好吗？
Compelled to be OK with it in public while fuming to my diary in private.
我被迫在公共场合对此表示同意，但私下里却对我的日记感到愤怒。
Here's an entry from when I was 12.
这是我12岁时的一篇文章。
October 26, 1996-- Are you OK?
1996年10月26日——你还好吗？
Things going OK, right?
事情进展顺利，对吧？
Is everything OK?
一切都好吗？
Those are the most common questions in America.
这些是美国最常见的问题。
I don't like them because they don't tell you anything about anything.
我不喜欢他们，因为他们不会告诉你任何事情。
Yes!
是的！
Of course!
当然！
Great!
伟大的！
Those are the most common answers.
这些是最常见的答案。
Isn't that so cheap?
那不是很便宜吗？
I think so.
我想是的。
Those questions are so pointless that it is even a waste of words to me.
这些问题毫无意义，对我来说甚至是废话。
As I saw it then, the question's hollowness had a distinctly American quality.
在我当时看来，这个问题的空洞具有明显的美国特色。
Here, pleases, thank yous, excuse mes, weren't they always uttered ad nauseam from mouths of people who had already muscled past you?
在这里，拜托，谢谢，对不起，这些话不是总是从那些已经强行从你身边经过的人嘴里说出来的吗？
Are you OK was a question, supposedly.
据说，你还好吗？
But how often was it really a mechanical reflex, an American tic announcing itself?
但有多少次这真的是一种机械反射，一种美国抽动症的表现？
Someone goes down hard in lacrosse practice, and the are you OK?
有人在长曲棍球练习中表现得很差，你还好吗？
arrives almost simultaneously with the impact.
几乎与撞击同时到达。
The question is a reflex, not an inquiry.
这个问题是一种反射，而不是询问。
In our 37 years together, my mother and I were often and unmistakably not OK.
在我们在一起的 37 年里，我和母亲常常表现得很不好。
Still, it was not a question we often asked of each other.
尽管如此，这并不是我们经常问彼此的问题。
That sort of check-in hit too close to the bone.
这种签到太贴近骨头了。
Not Chinese, my mother would have certainly said, though I never pressed her on it-- also not Chinese.
不是中国人，我母亲肯定会这么说，尽管我从来没有强迫她这么做——也不是中国人。
Lately, though, I've been thinking about the moment she told the police officer she wasn't OK.
不过，最近我一直在回想起她告诉警察她身体不好的那一刻。
I thought she flubbed the obligatory call and response of the question.
我认为她搞砸了必要的呼叫和问题的回答。
But now I wonder if it was something else.
但现在我想知道是不是别的什么。
My mother is dead now, but the look on her face as she knelt and cried with a stranger still comes to me sometimes.
我的母亲现在已经去世了，但她跪下和一个陌生人一起哭泣时的表情有时仍会浮现在我的脑海中。
It arrives most vividly, unbidden, when I'm with friends or mothers, watching their kids on the neighborhood playground.
当我和朋友或母亲在一起，看着他们的孩子在附近的操场上玩耍时，它会不请自来地最生动地出现。
A scrape on the knee or the elbow, the wound still red and angry, and someone-- a mother, a friend-- administers the question.
膝盖或肘部擦伤，伤口仍然红肿，有一个人——一位母亲，一位朋友——来回答这个问题。
And there, on the child's open mouth and tears-smeared face, is my mother's shocked look.
在孩子张开的嘴和泪水沾满的脸上，是我母亲震惊的表情。
The child hears the question.
孩子听到了问题。
It doesn't make the pain go away.
它并不能让疼痛消失。
But the question stays in the air.
但问题仍然悬而未决。
It becomes a pause, a door held open.
它变成了一个暂停，一扇门敞开着。
Jiayang Fan.
范嘉阳.
She's a staff writer at The New Yorker.
她是《纽约客》的特约撰稿人。
That story was produced by Diane Wu.
这个故事是由黛安·吴制作的。
Act Two, City on a Hill, of Sand.
第二幕，沙丘上的城市。
We here in the land of the free do not like to be told what to do.
我们生活在自由的土地上，不喜欢被告知该做什么。
And additionally, and maybe especially, we don't like to be told what not to do.
此外，也许尤其是，我们不喜欢被告知不该做什么。
Aviva DeKornfeld has a story about that very American quality as it plays out in one of our shared public spaces.
Aviva DeKornfeld 在我们的一个共享公共空间中讲述了一个关于美国品质的故事。
I went to Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore to see the star attraction, the tallest dune in the park.
我去睡熊沙丘国家湖岸看明星景点，公园里最高的沙丘。
It's 450 feet high and slopes down at what looks like a 45-degree angle directly into Lake Michigan.
它高 450 英尺，以 45 度角倾斜，直接注入密歇根湖。
If you can't picture 450 feet, imagine a 34-story building.
如果您无法想象 450 英尺，请想象一栋 34 层的建筑。
The grade is so steep that from the bottom of the dune, you can't even see up to the top.
坡度非常陡峭，从沙丘底部看不到山顶。
It's just a wall of sand in front of you.
你面前的只是一堵沙墙。
Good luck.
祝你好运。
Man All right.
男人 好吧。
Let's get over here.
我们到这里来吧。
Let's do it.
我们开始做吧。
Thank you so much.
太感谢了。
Take your time.
慢慢来。
Aviva DeKornfeld People come from all over the Midwest to walk down this dune and then promptly turn around and trudge right back up.
人们从中西部各地赶来，走下这个沙丘，然后迅速转身，艰难地返回。
There's only a 2-foot-wide strip of beach at the bottom, so turning around is about all there is to do.
底部只有一条 2 英尺宽的海滩，因此只需转身即可。
This climb is not for everyone.
这次攀登并不适合所有人。
Dozens need assistance climbing out each summer.
每年夏天，都有数十人需要帮助才能登山。
And because of that, the park service tries to discourage people from climbing the dune without prohibiting it outright.
正因为如此，公园管理局试图阻止人们攀登沙丘，但又不完全禁止。
They've tried a bunch of different signs.
他们尝试了很多不同的标志。
The current one mentions the ecological damage of walking on the dune and says "Down is optional," which is intentionally soft language because their previous signs said that there'd be a $3,000 rescue fee, which Americans seem to take as a kind of personal challenge, and even more people attempted the climb.
现在的一条提到了在沙丘上行走对生态的破坏，并说“向下是可选的”，这是故意的软语，因为他们之前的标志上写着要支付3000美元的救援费，美国人似乎将其视为一种个人挑战，甚至更多的人尝试攀登。
Park rangers also patrol the top ridge, asking visitors about their intentions with the dune.
公园管理员也会在山顶巡逻，询问游客对沙丘的意图。
Here's Jen, the aggressively mild-mannered ranger on the job today, talking with some prospective climbers.
珍（Jen）是一位态度温和的护林员，今天正在工作中，正在与一些潜在的登山者交谈。
It's a lot harder than it looks.
这比看起来要难得多。
I will tell you that.
我会告诉你的。
Oh, I understand that.
哦，我明白了。
Jen And it's all sand.
珍，全是沙子。
Yeah, so it is a very challenging climb.
是的，所以这是一次非常具有挑战性的攀登。
Usually, people on the bottom half are using all fours, basically, to get back up.
通常，处于下半部分的人基本上都是用四肢来站起来。
So it's very challenging.
所以这是非常具有挑战性的。
But yeah, I think the view is best at the top.
但是，是的，我认为顶部的景色最好。
Approximately 8 feet away from Jen sits Jim.
距离 Jen 大约 8 英尺远的地方坐着 Jim。
He's part of the team of volunteers helping rangers deter people.
他是帮助护林员阻止人们的志愿者团队的一员。
My job up here is to try to save them from themselves, let them know how high this hill is--
我在这里的工作是尽力拯救他们，让他们知道这座山有多高——
Jim's been volunteering for almost a decade.
吉姆从事志愿服务已经近十年了。
--and the hazards of going-- Aviva DeKornfeld He sits on his chair, wearing his bright orange volunteer vest, pimped out with various pins and patches he's earned over the years, including, proudly, a Junior Ranger badge.
——以及前往的危险——阿维瓦·德科恩菲尔德（Aviva DeKornfeld） 他坐在椅子上，穿着亮橙色的志愿者背心，身上贴着多年来赢得的各种别针和补丁，其中包括自豪的少年游骑兵徽章。
Wow.
哇。
Jim's seen all kinds of ill-advised behavior-- people heading down without water, without shoes, without their inhaler, and worst of all, as far as Jim is concerned, running down the dune.
吉姆见过各种不明智的行为——人们没有水、没有鞋子、没有吸入器就往下走，对吉姆来说最糟糕的是，从沙丘上跑下来。
We had a girl get badly hurt here.
我们这里有一个女孩受了重伤。
She ran down.
她跑了下来。
She tripped.
她绊倒了。
She vaulted out, tried to stop herself.
她跳了出去，试图阻止自己。
She dislocated both shoulders, broke a collarbone, wrenched her neck, hurt her back, and cut her head on a rock.
她双肩脱臼，锁骨骨折，脖子扭伤，背部受伤，头被岩石割伤。
Oh my god.
我的天啊。
Standing on the ridge, you can see the slope filled with dozens of people, heads down, slowly, silently trudging up the hill, scores of people who were told not to do this and decided to try it anyway.
站在山脊上，你可以看到斜坡上挤满了几十个人，他们低着头，慢慢地、默默地艰难地向山上走去，几十个人被告知不要这样做，但还是决定尝试一下。
How you feeling down here?
你在这里感觉怎么样？
Michael I feel good.
迈克尔，我感觉很好。
This is what we came for.
这就是我们来的目的。
At the very bottom of the hill, I met Michael and his daughter, Kalea, who drove here from Georgia.
在山脚下，我遇到了迈克尔和他的女儿卡利亚，他们从佐治亚州开车来到这里。
The lady at the place that you check in at, she suggested that you not do this.
你登记入住的地方的那位女士建议你不要这样做。
She said, I advise y'all against it.
她说，我建议你们都反对。
All the park rangers say not to do it.
所有公园管理员都说不要这样做。
Well, we drove a thousand miles to get here, so yes, we're going to do it.
好吧，我们开了一千英里才到达这里，所以是的，我们会这么做。
Yeah.
是的。
And you're not worried about going back up.
而且你也不用担心回去。
No. She plays soccer, and I train with her.
不。她踢足球，我和她一起训练。
So we're ready to go.
我们准备出发了。
We're supposed to race back up, but--
我们本来应该跑回去的，但是——
I think I'm the subject of peer pressure.
我认为我是同侪压力的对象。
Half an hour later, I found Michael again, only about a third of the way up.
半小时后，我再次找到迈克尔，只爬了大约三分之一的高度。
How you feeling?
你感觉怎么样？
Michael Lord.
迈克尔·洛德.
Hopefully, I make it.
希望我能成功。
[LAUGHS] Slow and steady.
[笑]缓慢而稳定。
I knew it was going to be hard, but it's harder than I thought it would be.
我知道这会很难，但比我想象的要难。
A little further up the hill, I spot another guy named Michael.
再往山上走一点，我发现了另一个名叫迈克尔的人。
He's wearing an oversized visor and has blue braces on his teeth.
他戴着超大的护目镜，牙齿上戴着蓝色牙套。
He was part of a whole crew wearing matching hats, celebrating his 50th birthday, if you could call this celebrating.
他是整个团队的一员，戴着配套的帽子，正在庆祝他的 50 岁生日，如果你可以称之为庆祝的话。
How are you feeling now?
你现在感觉怎么样？
Mike Tired.
迈克累了。
Humbling, you know.
谦卑，你知道。
Every step you take up, you lose at least half of it going backwards, but yeah.
你每迈出一步，向后退一步你都会失去至少一半的力量，但是是的。
One guy, who had taken off his sand-filled sneakers and slung them over his neck, kept muttering to himself, like a mantra, I should have listened to my wife.
一个男人脱下了装满沙子的运动鞋，把它们挂在脖子上，不断地自言自语，就像一句咒语，我应该听我妻子的话。
I should have listened to my wife.
我应该听我妻子的话。
The reason why you're not hearing that on tape is because it was so hard to move around the dune, zigzagging from person to person.
你之所以没有在磁带上听到这一点，是因为在沙丘上移动非常困难，从一个人到另一个人曲折移动。
[PANTING] Oh my god.
[气喘吁吁]天哪。
I don't think it's a stretch to say we are a country of people who have been told over and over that we are the exception.
我认为，说我们这个国家的人民一遍又一遍地被告知我们是例外，这并不夸张。
So many of our movies, so many of the stories we tell ourselves are about how the rules, the warnings, the statistics, those are for other people.
我们的很多电影，我们给自己讲的很多故事都是关于规则、警告、统计数据对其他人的影响。
When we hear that most people can't do something, we are trained to think, well, I'm not most people.
当我们听说大多数人做不到某件事时，我们就会想，好吧，我不是大多数人。
But really, when we try to live out this pint-sized American exceptionalism, we are just as likely to find ourselves face down in the sand, panting and humbled, less city on a hill and more bear-crawling up it.
但实际上，当我们试图实现这种小小的美国例外论时，我们很可能会发现自己脸朝下趴在沙子上，气喘吁吁，谦卑不已，不像山上的城市，而更像熊爬上山。
I noticed that you are on your hands and knees.
我注意到你双手双膝跪地。
Yep.
是的。
Really rethinking life choices right now.
现在真的在重新思考人生的选择。
[PANTING] I'm just tired.
[气喘吁吁]我只是累了。
Are we halfway there yet?
我们已经完成一半了吗？
That's a bitch.
那是个婊子。
Aviva DeKornfeld Are you on vacation?
Aviva DeKornfeld 你在度假吗？
Yeah.
是的。
Aviva DeKornfeld Why would you spend your vacation doing something so punishing?
Aviva DeKornfeld 你为什么要在假期里做一些如此痛苦的事情呢？
Is your life not hard enough?
难道你的生活还不够艰难吗？
Oh, no, it sucks.
哦，不，这很糟糕。
I work my ass off all the time, so yeah.
我一直在拼命工作，所以是的。
Yep.
是的。
Aviva DeKornfeld Kids seem to have a much easier time than adults.
Aviva DeKornfeld 孩子们似乎比成人过得轻松得多。
The top of the hill was full of children who, because of their tiny body weight, scampered like water beetles on top of the sand up to the ridge and then had the pleasure of watching the adults who usually boss them around huff and puff 300 feet below them.
山顶上挤满了孩子，因为他们的体重很小，他们像水甲虫一样在沙子上蹦蹦跳跳地爬到山脊上，然后很高兴地看到那些通常在他们周围指挥他们的成年人在他们下面 300 英尺处气喘吁吁。
I met an 11-year-old and his little brother waiting for their parents.
我遇到一个11岁的孩子和他的弟弟正在等待父母。
He's five.
他五岁了。
Aviva DeKornfeld You're five, and you went all the way to the bottom?
Aviva DeKornfeld 你才五岁，却一路跌入谷底？
Yeah, we went to the water.
是的，我们去了水里。
5-year-old And then we goed all the way to the top.
5岁 然后我们一路走到了顶峰。
And he--
而他——
Wow.
哇。
11-year-old He doesn't even have capped knees yet.
11岁的他甚至还没有戴上膝盖帽。
So I--
所以我——
What?
什么？
Is that true?
这是真的吗？
I thought you got knees when you were like-- could walk.
我以为当你能走路的时候你就有了膝盖。
No. You know your kneecaps?
不，你知道你的膝盖骨吗？
Aviva DeKornfeld Yeah.
阿维娃·德科恩菲尔德 是的。
You get them when you're 10.
当你10岁的时候你就会得到它们。
It makes it harder to climb.
这使得攀登变得更加困难。
What?
什么？
Like this?
像这样？
11-year-old Your kneecap.
11岁 你的膝盖骨。
You get that when you're 10?
当你10岁的时候你明白了吗？
Older Kid Do you actually?
大孩子你真的吗？
Yeah.
是的。
Aviva DeKornfeld Can I see your knees?
Aviva DeKornfeld 我可以看看你的膝盖吗？
They look the same.
他们看起来一样。
It's the inside, kneecap.
是里面，膝盖骨。
Huh.
呵呵。
I walk over to Jim with my fully-formed kneecaps and pick up our conversation.
我膝盖骨已经完全成形，走到吉姆身边，开始我们的谈话。
He started expounding on how he counsels people.
他开始阐述他如何为人们提供咨询。
Well, if I start to tell people about what it's like and-- eagle!
好吧，如果我开始告诉人们它是什么样子，然后——老鹰！
A bald eagle flew overhead.
一只秃鹰从头顶飞过。
We all turned and looked.
我们都转头看去。
And there we stood, a bunch of Americans on a perfect summer day, on a dune in a park being destroyed by our actions and maintained by our tax dollars, watching our mascot soar through the sky, indifferent to our plight below.
我们一群美国人在一个完美的夏日里站在那里，在一个公园的沙丘上，这个沙丘被我们的行为摧毁，并由我们的税金维持，看着我们的吉祥物在天空中翱翔，对我们下面的困境漠不关心。
Aviva DeKornfeld is one of the producers of our program.
Aviva DeKornfeld 是我们节目的制作人之一。
That story was co-produced by Molly Marcello.
该故事由莫莉·马塞洛 (Molly Marcello) 联合制作。
Coming up, Americans thousands of miles away on tiny islands, recreating some very American things about home, whether they intend to or not.
接下来，美国人在千里之外的小岛上重现了一些关于家乡的非常美国的东西，无论他们是否有意。
That's in a minute from Chicago Public Radio when our program continues.
芝加哥公共广播电台一分钟后我们的节目仍在继续。
It's This American Life.
这就是美国生活。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Today's program-- Maximal Americanness.
今天的节目——最大的美国风情。
For our nation's 250th birthday, we have stories about things that seem very especially and particularly American.
在我们国家 250 岁生日之际，我们讲述了一些看起来非常美国化的故事。
We've arrived at act three of our program.
我们已经进入了计划的第三幕。
Act Three, Cooked Island.
第三幕，库克岛。
For this next act, I'm joined in the studio by our executive editor, Emanuele Berry.
在下一幕中，我们的执行编辑埃马努埃莱·贝里 (Emanuele Berry) 和我一起来到工作室。
Hello.
你好。
Hey, there.
嘿。
Ira Glass And you are here because one, a very American invention was television.
艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass） 你来到这里是因为电视是一项非常美国的发明。
And then we as a nation topped that by creating an even more American thing, which is reality TV.
然后我们作为一个国家创造了一种更加美国化的东西，那就是真人秀节目。
And you are here to tell us about the kind of cherry on top of all of that?
您来这里是为了告诉我们除这一切之外的樱桃吗？
Yes.
是的。
I'm going to present the most American season of reality TV.
我将呈现最美国化的一季真人秀节目。
And I should say, you watch a lot of reality TV.
我应该说，你看了很多真人秀节目。
So what season is it?
那么现在是什么季节呢？
All right.
好的。
We are talking about season 13 of Survivor.
我们正在谈论《幸存者》第 13 季。
And Survivor is the old-school reality show where they stick a bunch of people on an island and divide them into teams, and they compete in challenges, and then people get voted off, right?
《幸存者》是一档老派的真人秀节目，他们把一群人困在一个岛上，把他们分成小组，他们在挑战中竞争，然后人们被投票淘汰，对吧？
Yes.
是的。
Yes, yes.
是的，是的。
That's Survivor, classic show.
这就是《幸存者》，经典剧目。
We all know it.
我们都知道。
And so the season of Survivor I want to talk about is what me, other Survivor fans call the race war season.
所以我想谈论的幸存者赛季就是我和其他幸存者粉丝所说的种族战争赛季。
And we call it that because in this season, they divided the tribes up by race.
我们之所以这样称呼它，是因为在这个季节，他们按种族划分部落。
So there's an African-American tribe.
所以有一个非裔美国人部落。
There's a white tribe.
有一个白人部落。
There's an Asian-American tribe.
有一个亚裔美国人部落。
There's a Latino tribe.
有一个拉丁裔部落。
I know that's not a race, but that's how they divided the tribes.
我知道这不是一个种族，但这就是他们划分部落的方式。
OK.
好的。
So that seems like an incredibly loaded and crazy thing to do.
所以这似乎是一件非常繁重和疯狂的事情。
Why did they do this?
他们为什么这么做？
So basically, Survivor had gotten a lot of criticism because the casting just wasn't very diverse.
所以基本上，《幸存者》受到了很多批评，因为演员阵容不够多样化。
And on top of that, a lot of times, they would get to the end of the season, and it would only be the white players left.
最重要的是，很多时候，他们会到赛季结束，只剩下白人球员了。
Oh, the nonwhite players would get voted off early.
哦，非白人球员会提前被投票淘汰。
Yes.
是的。
So this was their response to that.
这就是他们对此的回应。
They were like, OK, you guys want more diversity, here is more diversity, which is a choice.
他们说，好吧，你们想要更多的多样性，这里有更多的多样性，这是一个选择。
You have to respect them for kind of doubling down.
你必须尊重他们的加倍努力。
How did the contestants on the show feel about it?
节目中的参赛者对此有何感想？
So the contestants seemed kind of confused by it.
所以参赛者似乎对此感到有些困惑。
They're like, why did we make this about race?
他们说，为什么我们要制作关于种族的东西？
Different ethnic groups-- I mean, is that kosher?
不同的种族群体——我的意思是，这是犹太洁食吗？
I honestly was stunned.
老实说我很震惊。
I mean, this was crazy.
我的意思是，这太疯狂了。
I mean, on one hand, I think it's a great opportunity because I think it's wonderful that there's more minorities.
我的意思是，一方面，我认为这是一个很好的机会，因为我认为有更多的少数族裔真是太好了。
At the same time, I'm a little bit worried that it might play out to caricatures and stereotypes.
与此同时，我有点担心它可能会变成漫画和刻板印象。
I remember watching the show and being really shocked when I first started the season because I was like, I can't believe that they did this, but honestly, got over it really quick because basically, something happened in the first season that switched the way I was seeing it.
我记得当我第一次开始这一季时，我非常震惊，因为我想，我不敢相信他们这样做了，但说实话，我很快就克服了它，因为基本上，第一季中发生的一些事情改变了我的看法。
And from there on, it just kept happening.
从那时起，这样的事情就一直在发生。
So what happened?
那么发生了什么？
Emanuele Berry So they start the season in this really dramatic way.
Emanuele Berry 所以他们以一种非常戏剧性的方式开始了这个赛季。
They're on a boat in the middle of the South Pacific.
他们在南太平洋中部的一艘船上。
And the host, Jeff Probst, is telling all the contestants to gather supplies, get on a raft, and go to shore with your team.
主持人杰夫·普罗布斯特告诉所有参赛者收集物资，登上木筏，并与你的团队一起上岸。
They've been given two minutes to salvage whatever they can off this boat.
他们有两分钟的时间来抢救船上的一切东西。
And Jeff's like, you have two minutes.
杰夫说，你有两分钟时间。
Grab as much as you can.
尽可能多地抓住。
You need to catch that chicken.
你需要抓住那只鸡。
That is food you are going to want.
那就是你想要的食物。
So they grab as much as they can, get to the island.
所以他们尽可能地抓住一切，到达岛上。
And then this thing happens that, really, it could happen on any season of Survivor, which is, someone from one of the tribes steals chickens from the other tribe.
然后这种事情发生了，实际上，它可能发生在幸存者的任何一季，也就是说，一个部落的某人从另一个部落偷了鸡。
But because this season everyone's divided by race, it's like, I kind of can't help but notice that it was the white tribe that stole the chicken from the Asian tribe.
但因为这个赛季每个人都按种族划分，所以我忍不住注意到是白人部落从亚洲部落偷了鸡。
And so I'm watching this and I'm thinking, ugh, that is so white.
所以我看着这个，我在想，呃，那太白了。
[LAUGHS]
[笑]
I see that.
我明白了。
Emanuele Berry But then I'm like, ugh, why did I even think that?
Emanuele Berry 但后来我想，呃，为什么我会这么想？
Like, looking at my own biases and thinking about how I'm thinking about race, right?
就像，看看我自己的偏见并思考我如何看待种族，对吧？
Oh, so you're having this thing where you're finding yourself asking over and over, is that race, or is that me?
哦，所以你遇到了这样的事情，你发现自己一遍又一遍地问，那是种族，还是我？
Yeah.
是的。
So all that is happening in the first few episodes.
所以这一切都发生在前几集中。
And then the producers decide, you know what?
然后制片人决定，你知道吗？
Let's end this segregation thing.
让我们结束这种隔离吧。
They're like, mix up the teams.
他们就像，混合团队。
Like, they completely abandoned this initial premise of the season.
就像，他们完全放弃了这个赛季的最初前提。
And everybody is now on integrated teams, basically.
现在基本上每个人都在整合团队中。
But the thing is, because they started out segregated, the race thing is sort of still hanging over the whole thing.
但问题是，因为他们一开始是种族隔离的，所以种族问题仍然笼罩着整个事情。
And then there's this twist that happens.
然后就发生了这种转折。
It's right before a challenge.
就在挑战之前。
And the two tribes have gathered.
两个部落已经聚集在一起。
And Jeff says, we're going to try something different here.
杰夫说，我们要在这里尝试一些不同的东西。
I'm offering each of you the opportunity to mutiny.
我给你们每个人提供叛变的机会。
Which essentially means you can abandon your tribe and go and join the other tribe.
这本质上意味着你可以放弃你的部落并加入另一个部落。
And does this play out in a racially charged way?
这是否会引发种族歧视？
[LAUGHS] Well, the only people who switch are two white players.
[笑]好吧，唯一换的人是两名白人球员。
So they go and join the other white players on the other tribe.
所以他们去加入另一个部落的其他白人玩家。
And just to say-- they could have done it because they had close relationships with those people, or lots of reasons that they could have done this.
只是说——他们之所以能够做到这一点，是因为他们与这些人有着密切的关系，或者说，他们之所以能够做到这一点，有很多原因。
But it's hard not to think, watching them walk across to the other side, hmm, white flight.
但很难不去思考，看着他们走到另一边，嗯，白色的飞行。
[LAUGHTER] Because what it does is it totally creates these two lopsided tribes.
[笑声]因为它所做的就是完全创造了这两个不平衡的部落。
So there's one tribe of four left, the tribe they abandoned, which has four POC.
因此，只剩下一个由四个人组成的部落，即他们放弃的部落，该部落有四个 POC。
And then the other tribe has now eight people-- four white people, two Asian people, one Black person, and one Hispanic person.
然后另一个部落现在有八个人——四名白人、两名亚洲人、一名黑人和一名西班牙裔人。
And wait.
等待。
And so one tribe is twice as big as the other.
因此，一个部落的规模是另一个部落的两倍。
So that must give them an advantage, right?
所以这一定会给他们带来优势，对吗？
It does in a lot of ways.
它在很多方面都有作用。
I think they think, like, oh, we're about to sweep this other tribe.
我想他们会想，哦，我们即将横扫另一个部落。
There's no way they're going to win any challenges.
他们不可能赢得任何挑战。
And what happens actually is kind of the exact opposite.
而实际发生的情况却恰恰相反。
So the little tribe of four, which is-- they call them the Aitu Four, the little POC coalition-- they basically go on, I would say, one of the greatest runs in Survivor history.
所以这个四人小部落——他们称之为“艾图四人组”，即 POC 小联盟——我想说，他们基本上是在进行幸存者历史上最伟大的奔跑之一。
So they win every single challenge from then on out, even though they're outnumbered 2 to 1.
因此，从那时起，他们赢得了每一次挑战，尽管他们在人数上以 2 比 1 处于劣势。
And again, as I'm watching this, it's kind of hard not to think, huh, got to be twice as good, right?
再说一遍，当我看到这个的时候，很难不去想，嗯，一定要好两倍，对吧？
It's all these people of color who are having to be smarter and work harder and do all of these things just to stay on the even playing field to win, essentially.
从本质上讲，所有这些有色人种都必须变得更聪明，更努力地工作，并做所有这些事情，才能保持在公平的竞争环境中获胜。
And each time they win, the other team has to go to tribal council.
每次他们获胜，另一队就必须去部落议会。
They kick off a person of color, until finally, it kind of becomes this very stark thing, where it's down to four white people versus four people of color at the end--
他们踢掉了一个有色人种，直到最后，事情变得非常严峻，最后变成了四个白人对四个有色人种——
Oh my god.
天哪。
Emanuele Berry --two alliances.
埃马努埃莱·贝里——两个联盟。
Kind of.
有点儿。
Yeah, right?
是啊，对吧？
And then that tribe that is the POC tribe, they keep winning.
然后那个部落，即 POC 部落，他们不断获胜。
And then they vote all the white contestants off one by one.
然后他们一一投票淘汰所有白人参赛者。
And so when you see how all of this played out by the end of the season, why do you think of this as the most American season of reality TV?
因此，当您看到这一切在本季结束时的表现时，您为什么认为这是最美国化的真人秀季？
Because in general, in this country, we don't want to talk about race.
因为总的来说，在这个国家，我们不想谈论种族。
We don't want to have to think about race.
我们不想考虑种族问题。
No, we do not.
不，我们不这样做。
Emanuele Berry And then we are forced into these situations where we have no choice.
埃马努埃莱·贝里 然后我们被迫陷入这样的境地，我们别无选择。
We have to talk about it.
我们必须谈谈它。
It's come up again, you guys.
又来了，各位。
Surprise.
惊喜。
Yeah.
是的。
Things happen.
事情发生了。
Emanuele Berry And then in this season, we have that experience over and over and over again.
埃马努埃莱·贝里（Emanuele Berry）然后在这个赛季，我们一遍又一遍地经历这种经历。
And to me, it is such a quintessential part of the American experience.
对我来说，这是美国经历的一个典型部分。
And it's all playing out in this game on a frickin' island in the middle of the South Pacific.
这一切都在南太平洋中部的一个该死的岛上的游戏中上演。
Emanuele Berry is the executive editor of our program.
埃马努埃莱·贝里 (Emanuele Berry) 是我们节目的执行编辑。
Act Four, The Most American Schoolbook.
第四幕，最具美国特色的教科书。
So Roman Mars hosts the podcast 99% Invisible.
因此，罗马·火星 (Roman Mars) 主持了播客《99% Invisible》。
And he recently started a new series with the BBC.
他最近与 BBC 开始了一个新系列。
It's called A History of the United States in 100 Objects.
它被称为《100件物品中的美国历史》。
And one of the stories on his new show seemed very much in line with what we're talking about here today on our show.
他的新节目中的一个故事似乎与我们今天在节目中谈论的内容非常一致。
It is about a book that shaped education in this country for years.
这是一本多年来影响这个国家教育的书。
Here's Roman.
这是罗曼。
The book I'm going to tell you about was written by one very frustrated schoolteacher.
我要告诉你的这本书是由一位非常沮丧的教师写的。
This guy is teaching in 1783.
这家伙在 1783 年教书。
The Revolutionary War is ending, the fighting on American soil finally tapering off.
独立战争即将结束，美国土地上的战斗终于逐渐平息。
And in every part of regular life, people are trying to figure out, OK, now that we're not British anymore, what does it actually mean to be an American?
在日常生活的各个方面，人们都在试图弄清楚，好吧，既然我们不再是英国人，那么作为美国人到底意味着什么？
This teacher, he's educating anywhere from 50 to 70 students in a one-room schoolhouse.
这位老师在一所只有一间教室的校舍里为 50 到 70 名学生提供教育。
And these students range from 6 to 16 years old.
这些学生的年龄从6岁到16岁不等。
It's the same in a lot of places around the country.
全国很多地方都是同样的情况。
A very small percentage of kids are getting an education.
只有极少数的孩子正在接受教育。
And even if they do get into a classroom, there's no standard curriculum, no shared set of books or processes.
即使他们进入教室，也没有标准课程，没有共享的书籍或流程。
The books these students are using are British, teaching British geography, British history, British ways of thinking.
这些学生使用的书籍都是英国的，教授英国地理、英国历史、英国思维方式。
People are largely still spelling the word "color" with a U.
人们基本上仍然用 U 来拼写“颜色”这个词。
And the schoolteacher, he looks around at all of this and decides, this has to change.
而学校老师，他环顾四周，决定，这必须改变。
His name is Noah Webster.
他的名字叫诺亚·韦伯斯特。
He's this person who takes on, as an educator, the problem of literacy.
作为一名教育家，他负责解决识字问题。
That's Imani Perry, author and professor of African-American studies at Harvard University.
这就是伊马尼·佩里（Imani Perry），哈佛大学非裔美国人研究领域的作家兼教授。
And he complains about the classrooms being crowded and noisy and chaotic.
他还抱怨教室拥挤、吵闹、混乱。
And he is also interested in trying to find a way to standardize American learning.
他也有兴趣尝试找到一种标准化美国学习的方法。
So long before his dictionary made him a household name, Webster spends his own money to print a little blue book with an unwieldy title.
早在他的字典让他家喻户晓之前，韦伯斯特就自己花钱印了一本小蓝皮书，书名很笨拙。
It's called The First Part of the Grammatical Institute of the English Language, a title so bad that nobody ever used it.
它的名字叫《英语语法学院第一部分》，这个标题太糟糕了，以至于没有人用过它。
They just started calling it the Blue-Back Speller.
他们刚刚开始称其为“蓝背拼写者”。
So he really creates this book that is built for an autodidact.
所以他确实是为自学成才者创作了这本书。
It's a way to self-teach.
这是一种自学的方式。
It's not a dictionary.
这不是一本字典。
It really is like a guide to learning to read.
它确实就像学习阅读的指南。
If it sounds kind of counterintuitive that you'd learn to read from a book that requires you to read, here's how that worked.
如果你从一本需要你阅读的书中学习阅读，这听起来有点违反直觉，那么它的工作原理如下。
The book contains a bunch of exercises that kind of look like multiplication tables, but with words and letters that you'd memorize.
这本书包含一堆看起来像乘法表的练习，但包含您可以记住的单词和字母。
First, you'd start by learning the alphabet-- A, B, C, D.
首先，你要从学习字母表开始——A、B、C、D。
And then you'd move to syllables, like ah, ba, cah, and da, until you finally learn simple words, like bag, big, bog, bug.
然后你会转向音节，比如 ah、ba、cah 和 da，直到你最终学会简单的单词，比如 bag、big、bog、bug。
Eventually, you'd form sentences, read paragraphs.
最终，你会造句，阅读段落。
And then you'd read these short stories, a collection of fables and moral parables.
然后你会读这些短篇故事，寓言和道德寓言集。
Webster uses the book to introduce simpler, more distinctly American spellings.
韦伯斯特利用这本书介绍了更简单、更明显的美式拼写。
He drops the U from humor and labor.
他把U从幽默和劳动中剔除。
He once suggested that we start spelling the word daughter as D-A-W-T-E-R, which would have been nice, though that one didn't stick.
他曾经建议我们开始将“daughter”这个词拼写为“D-A-W-T-E-R”，这样就很好了，尽管那个并没有被坚持下来。
But his larger idea does succeed.
但他更大的想法确实成功了。
This book, the Blue-Back Speller, becomes one of the most important books in early America.
这本书《蓝背拼写者》成为美国早期最重要的书籍之一。
Entire generations grew up with it.
一代又一代人都伴随着它成长。
At one point, the Blue-Back Speller was second only to the Bible in copies sold.
蓝背拼写器的销量曾一度仅次于《圣经》。
And it also is kind of like a bible.
它也有点像一本圣经。
Could you describe its size and the relevance of its size?
您能描述一下它的大小以及它的大小的相关性吗？
Yeah.
是的。
It's wonderful to hold one because you realize it's pocket sized.
拿着它真是太棒了，因为你意识到它只有口袋大小。
It was small enough to fit into a jacket pocket or pants pocket.
它足够小，可以放入夹克口袋或裤子口袋中。
It was mobile.
它是移动的。
It could easily be hidden, which was really important.
它很容易被隐藏，这非常重要。
Important because it means the book could be used secretly by people who weren't supposed to have it, enslaved people, who were legally prohibited from learning to read.
很重要，因为这意味着这本书可以被那些不应该拥有这本书的人、被奴役的人秘密使用，这些人在法律上被禁止学习阅读。
Webster probably never intended this book for Black people at all.
韦伯斯特可能根本就没有打算为黑人写这本书。
While he was against slavery, Webster's books were meant for Americans, who were defined by Webster, in his dictionary, as descendants of Europeans-- white people.
虽然韦伯斯特反对奴隶制，但他的书是针对美国人的，韦伯斯特在他的字典中将美国人定义为欧洲人——白人的后裔。
And despite that fact, his Blue-Back Speller becomes something that is fundamental to African-American struggles for literacy.
尽管如此，他的蓝背拼写者仍然成为非裔美国人争取识字的基础。
The Blue-Back Speller was everywhere, so common that some enslaved people managed to get their hands on it anyway, even though teaching an enslaved person to read was actually against the law in much of the South.
蓝背拼写器无处不在，非常常见，以至于一些被奴役的人无论如何都设法得到了它，尽管在南方大部分地区教被奴役的人读书实际上是违法的。
Having one of these spellers, for someone who was enslaved, could put you at enormous risk of maiming, of death, of being sold.
对于一个被奴役的人来说，拥有这些拼写器之一可能会让你面临致残、死亡或被出售的巨大风险。
Black literacy was seen as a threat.
黑人识字能力被视为一种威胁。
One of the enslaved people who learned to read this way was Frederick Douglass.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯（Frederick Douglass）是学会以这种方式阅读的奴隶之一。
He'd go on to become one of the most influential writers and thinkers in American history, an advisor to Abraham Lincoln.
他后来成为美国历史上最有影响力的作家和思想家之一，亚伯拉罕·林肯的顾问。
He and countless other Black people take on that Blue-Back Speller and insist upon becoming part of the literate American public.
他和无数其他黑人接受了蓝背拼写者的挑战，并坚持成为有文化的美国公众的一部分。
And one of the early ways we see this is Black soldiers in the Civil War who become literate and immediately begin writing letters to Lincoln, saying not only are they hopeful for land with their freedom, but there have to be schools.
我们看到这一点的早期方式之一是内战中的黑人士兵，他们识字后立即开始写信给林肯，说他们不仅希望拥有自由的土地，而且必须有学校。
The Blue-Back Speller found its way from shipyard to town square, from the schoolhouses of New England to the plantations of the South.
蓝背拼写者从造船厂到城镇广场，从新英格兰的校舍到南方的种植园。
And when I actually got my hands on it, if I'm being honest, the content of the book itself is kind of a joyless slog.
当我真正接触到这本书时，老实说，这本书的内容本身就是一种毫无乐趣的苦差事。
If you asked me to teach someone to read using the Blue-Back Speller, it would be hard.
如果你让我教某人使用蓝背拼写器阅读，那就很难了。
And I can't imagine starting from a place of not being able to read at all and using it to navigate my way to literacy.
我无法想象从一个根本无法阅读的地方开始，并用它来引导我的识字之路。
It just throws you right into the deep end of the pool, swimming in pages of hard-to-navigate tables.
它只会把你直接扔进泳池的最深处，在难以导航的表格中游泳。
And then there are the moral parables.
然后是道德寓言。
They're not exactly compelling and more than a little condescending.
它们并不完全引人注目，而且有点居高临下。
If you were someone who didn't get a primary school education, this seems like exactly the kind of book that might put you off of reading forever.
如果你没有受过小学教育，那么这本书似乎会让你永远不想读。
It takes real conviction to use the book.
使用这本书需要真正的信念。
It goes from basically pre-kindergarten to college inside of a few hundred-- like, maybe a hundred-- no, 200, 150 pages.
它基本上从幼儿园到大学，在几百页——也许是一百页——不，200、150页的范围内。
Let's see.
让我们来看看。
[LAUGHS] Let me look at it.
[笑]让我看看。
It is not something that you just pick up, and all of a sudden you have mastery.
它不是你刚学会的东西，突然之间你就掌握了。
No. It requires work.
不，这需要工作。
And despite that fact, his Blue-Back Speller becomes something that is important.
尽管如此，他的蓝背咒语者还是变得很重要。
This same object, it's Booker T.
同一个物体，它是布克·T。
Washington and WEB Du Bois for whom the Blue-Back Speller matters.
华盛顿和杜波依斯对蓝背拼写者来说很重要。
There's something quintessentially American about the Blue-Back Speller.
蓝背拼写者具有典型的美国特色。
It becomes not only a way to learn to read, but actually, a tool for entry into all kinds of arenas where they had not been contemplated.
它不仅成为一种学习阅读的方式，而且实际上成为进入各种从未考虑过的领域的工具。
The Blue-Back Speller wasn't what it was because of the genius of Noah Webster.
蓝背拼写者并不是因为诺亚·韦伯斯特的天才而成为现在的样子。
It became what it became because of the people who read it, who made something of it.
它之所以成为现在的样子，是因为阅读它的人、利用它做出了一些贡献。
Roman Mars.
罗马·火星.
A version of this story originally aired on his new show, A History of the United States in 100 Objects.
这个故事的一个版本最初在他的新节目《100 件物品中的美国历史》中播出。
It was originally produced by Priscilla Alabi and aired courtesy of BBC Studios Productions Limited, 99% Invisible, and Sirius XM.
它最初由 Priscilla Alabi 制作，并由 BBC Studios Productions Limited、99% Invisible 和 Sirius XM 提供播出。
You can find the series in the 99% Invisible feed wherever you get your podcasts.
无论您在何处获取播客，都可以在 99% Invisible feed 中找到该系列节目。
Imani Perry tells the story of the Blue-Back Speller in her new book, Black in Blues.
伊玛尼·佩里 (Imani Perry) 在她的新书《蓝调中的黑》中讲述了蓝背拼写者的故事。
Which brings us to Act 5.
这就把我们带到了第五幕。
Act Five, Jose, Can You See?
第五幕，何塞，你能看到吗？
So one of the areas where this country can really claim to have invented a lot of things is music.
所以这个国家真正可以声称发明了很多东西的领域之一就是音乐。
There's jazz, there's R&B, there's rock, there's country, there's hip-hop, all created here and then exported around the world.
有爵士乐、有R&B、有摇滚、有乡村、有嘻哈，所有这些都在这里创作，然后出口到世界各地。
But we do have some musical traditions that are very specific to this country and pretty much have stayed in this country.
但我们确实有一些这个国家特有的音乐传统，而且几乎一直保留在这个国家。
One of our producers, Emmanuel Dzotsi, has a story about one like that.
我们的一位制片人 Emmanuel Dzotsi 有一个这样的故事。
So when I first moved to the US as a kid, years before I became a citizen, I remember noticing this one very distinct thing, which is that every time I saw someone sing the national anthem, they put their own little twist on it.
因此，当我小时候第一次搬到美国时，也就是成为公民的几年前，我记得注意到一件非常明显的事情，那就是每次我看到有人唱国歌时，他们都会加入自己的小改动。
And they always seemed to do it in this one spot.
他们似乎总是在这一点上做到这一点。
["THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER" BY WHITNEY HOUSTON] O'er the land of the free
[惠特尼·休斯顿的《星条旗》] O'er the land of the free
It doesn't matter the genre of the singer is from.
歌手的流派来自哪里并不重要。
["THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER" BY RASCAL FLATTS] O'er the land of the free
[《星条旗永不落》，作者：RASCAL FLATTS] O'er 自由之地
And it doesn't matter if they sing the rest of the song fairly straight.
如果他们把歌曲的其余部分唱得相当直接，那并不重要。
People will get to that last part of the song and do something completely different.
人们会听到歌曲的最后一部分并做一些完全不同的事情。
Sometimes they scat or add their own words.
有时他们会撒上或添加自己的话。
["THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER" BY STEVE TYLER] O'er the land of the free
[“星条旗”，作者：史蒂夫·泰勒] O'er 自由之地
I'm gonna take you there They pull a Mariah Carey because, well, they are Mariah Carey.
我要带你去那里 他们拉着玛丽亚·凯莉，因为，嗯，他们就是玛丽亚·凯莉。
["THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER" BY MARIAH CAREY] O'er the land of the free
[“星条旗”，作者：玛丽亚·凯莉] O'er the land of the free
This happens so often, I think most Americans have sort of accepted it as a fact.
这种情况经常发生，我想大多数美国人已经接受了这一事实。
But this sort of thing just doesn't go down like that in other countries.
但这种事情在其他国家却不会发生。
Like, if you take the UK, where I was born, that national anthem--
就像，如果你拿我出生的英国来说，那首国歌——
["GOD SAVE THE KING"] God save our gracious king
[“上帝保佑国王”]上帝保佑我们仁慈的国王
I have no earthly idea where I would even begin to put my own spin on it.
我不知道从哪里开始我自己的想法。
The ad-libbing thing is not really something Brits do to "God Save the King," right?
即兴表演并不是英国人在《上帝保佑国王》中所做的事情，对吧？
Like, you just kind of wish King Charles a happy, victorious life, and you keep it pushing.
就像，你只是希望查尔斯国王过上幸福、胜利的生活，然后你就继续努力。
But when I told some of my coworkers at This American Life about this, they were incredulous.
但当我把这件事告诉《美国生活》的一些同事时，他们表示难以置信。
Like, surely, other countries play around with the end of their national anthems.
当然，其他国家也会玩弄国歌的结尾。
It's the end of a song, dude.
这是一首歌的结尾，伙计。
Like, what else are you going to do?
比如，你还打算做什么？
I heard all that, and I took it personally.
我听到了这一切，而且我认为这是针对我个人的。
So I set out to prove them wrong.
所以我开始证明他们是错的。
I spoke to five musicologists about this at places like Stanford, Berkeley, UNC.
我在斯坦福大学、伯克利分校、北卡罗来纳大学等地与五位音乐学家讨论了这个问题。
And they all agreed with me.
他们都同意我的观点。
What American singers do at the end of a national anthem is something you really don't see much in other countries.
美国歌手在国歌结束时所做的事情在其他国家确实很少看到。
And there are a bunch of reasons for that.
这有很多原因。
Like, for one, Francis Scott Key, who wrote the lyrics to "The Star-Spangled Banner," specifically chose a melody that's designed for showing off.
例如，《星条旗永不落》的歌词作者弗朗西斯·斯科特·基 (Francis Scott Key) 就专门选择了一首旨在炫耀的旋律。
This is very different from other national anthems, which are often marches or hymns.
这与其他国歌有很大不同，其他国歌通常是进行曲或赞美诗。
The tune Scott Key picked came from a musician's club in England and was basically the equivalent of one of those songs you use at a talent show to show your incredible range and voice.
斯科特·基 (Scott Key) 挑选的歌曲来自英格兰的一个音乐家俱乐部，基本上相当于你在才艺表演中用来展示你令人难以置信的音域和声音的歌曲之一。
In fact, that's why the song is so hard for most of us to sing.
事实上，这就是为什么这首歌对我们大多数人来说很难唱。
The original tune has this kind of "you can't sing with us" energy.
原曲就有这种“你不能和我们一起唱”的能量。
["THE ANACREONTIC SONG"] And besides, I'll instruct you, like me, to entwine the myrtle of Venus with a Bacchus's vine
[“神秘之歌”]此外，我会指导你，像我一样，将维纳斯的桃金娘与巴克斯的藤蔓缠绕在一起
The other reason other countries don't improvise the way we do on their anthem is-- they don't have our tradition of improvised music.
其他国家不像我们那样即兴创作他们的国歌的另一个原因是——他们没有我们即兴创作音乐的传统。
Like, we have jazz, blues, gospel, Black music, where it's built in that you don't always do what's on the page.
比如，我们有爵士乐、布鲁斯音乐、福音音乐、黑人音乐，这些音乐的本质是你并不总是按照页面上的内容去做。
There's, you know, freedom or whatever, individuality.
你知道，有自由或者其他什么，个性。
Duke Ellington did his own version in the 1940s.
艾灵顿公爵 (Duke Ellington) 在 20 世纪 40 年代推出了自己的版本。
A newly moved to the US Igor Stravinsky did one too.
新移居美国的伊戈尔·斯特拉文斯基（Igor Stravinsky）也这么做了。
And yet, the first major recorded instance a vocalist got up at a sporting event and decided they were going to customize "The Star-Spangled Banner" and sing it their own way is relatively recent.
然而，第一个主要录制的实例是歌手在体育赛事中站起来并决定定制“星条旗永不落”并以自己的方式演唱它是相对较新的事情。
The consensus all points to one particular performance of the anthem in 1968.
所有共识都指向 1968 年国歌的一次特殊表演。
Now, ladies and gentlemen, your attention, please.
现在，女士们先生们，请注意。
Please rise and join in the singing of our national anthem.
请起立，一起唱我们的国歌。
It was game 5 of a World Series.
这是世界职业棒球大赛的第五场比赛。
And the guy who sang, Jose Feliciano, was a big star.
演唱者何塞·费里西亚诺是一位大明星。
His cover of "Light My Fire" came out that year.
那年他翻唱的《Light My Fire》问世。
And Jose was chosen to do the national anthem that night specifically because of who he was, a young Puerto Rican folk singer who could offer something different.
何塞被选为当晚演唱国歌，特别是因为他是一位年轻的波多黎各民谣歌手，可以提供不同的东西。
Feliciano doesn't just alter that one line of the song.
费里西亚诺不仅仅改变了歌曲中的那一行。
His version is a whole rethinking of it.
他的版本是对它的整体重新思考。
It's almost like he's trying to do away with the grandeur of the song and do the opposite, make it intimate.
这几乎就像他试图消除这首歌的宏伟并做相反的事情，让它变得亲密。
["THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER" BY JOSE FELICIANO] Whose broad stripes and bright stars
[“星条旗”作者：JOSE FELICIANO] 宽阔的条纹和明亮的星星
Through the perilous fight O'er the ramparts we watched
通过我们目睹的壁垒上的危险战斗
A recording Feliciano did of his version was super successful.
费里西安诺录制的他的版本非常成功。
He opened his concerts with it.
他用它拉开了他的音乐会的序幕。
And then, a year later, Jimi Hendrix goes even further at Woodstock.
一年后，吉米·亨德里克斯在伍德斯托克走得更远。
["THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER" BY JIMI HENDRIX]
[吉米·亨德里克斯的《星条旗》]
And a whole raft of people take these big swings.
很多人都经历了这些巨大的波动。
There's Marvin Gaye's 1983 version at the NBA All-Star Game, which sounds like it should come with a free waterbed.
1983 年 NBA 全明星赛上马文·盖伊 (Marvin Gaye) 的版本，听起来应该配备免费水床。
["THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER" BY MARVIN GAYE] Whose broad stripes and bright stars
[“星条旗”，作者：MARVIN GAYE] 宽阔的条纹和明亮的星星
The inspiration for how everybody sings it now, that arrives in 1991, Whitney Houston at the Super Bowl.
现在大家唱这首歌的灵感来自 1991 年惠特尼·休斯顿 (Whitney Houston) 在超级碗 (Super Bowl) 上的表演。
She slows the song down, changes it from 3/4 time to 4/4 time, which gives her more space.
她放慢了歌曲的速度，从 3/4 拍改为 4/4 拍，这给了她更多的空间。
And she sings it mostly straight, until the end and that last line.
她大部分都是直接唱的，直到结尾和最后一行。
["THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER" BY WHITNEY HOUSTON] O'er the land of the free
[惠特尼·休斯顿的《星条旗》] O'er the land of the free
And the home of the brave God, I miss Whitney Houston.
还有勇敢之神的故乡，我想念惠特尼·休斯顿。
But yeah, that's how we get to today, a ritual where you, as a vocalist, no matter what your race, what your genre of music, you clock in, do the job you were hired for, sing the song through like they wrote it, and you get two phrases at the end for some real personality.
但是，是的，这就是我们今天的方式，一种仪式，作为一名歌手，无论你的种族是什么，你的音乐流派是什么，你打卡，做你被雇用的工作，像他们写的那样唱完这首歌，最后你会得到两个短语来表达一些真正的个性。
Now, I just want to play you one last version because this weekend, the 250th anniversary of this country, it's probably one of the only appropriate settings for it.
现在，我只想给你们播放最后一个版本，因为这个周末，即这个国家的 250 周年纪念日，这可能是唯一合适的设置之一。
This one is the most on the nose, "General Patton in front of the American flag, these colors don't run, if you ain't first, you're last, you can take this anthem from me out of my cold, dead fingers" rendition of "The Star-Spangled Banner" I have yet heard.
这是最让人鼻子酸的，“巴顿将军在美国国旗前，这些颜色不会跑，如果你不是第一个，你就是最后一个，你可以从我冰冷、死气沉沉的手指中夺走这首国歌”我还听过《星条旗永不落》的演绎。
Because the occasion, I guess, called for it.
我想是因为这个场合需要这样做。
It was the 100th birthday of the Statue of Liberty, 1986.
1986 年是自由女神像诞辰 100 周年。
And the singer was Sandi Patty.
歌手是桑迪·帕蒂。
["THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER" BY SANDI PATTY] We look to the stars
[“星条旗”，作者：SANDI PATTY] 我们仰望星空
The national anthem normally runs about two minutes.
国歌通常持续约两分钟。
But Sandi, she makes it last for almost six.
但桑迪，她坚持了将近六小时。
She adds all these extra verses that were written for the occasion.
她添加了所有为这个场合而写的额外诗句。
And every time you think the song's about to end, there is more.
每当你认为这首歌即将结束时，就会有更多的事情发生。
I learnt about this version in high school in a music theory class because our teacher used it as the greatest example of key changes.
我在高中的音乐理论课上了解到这个版本，因为我们的老师用它作为关键变化的最好例子。
We were still six months away from Beyoncé's "Love on Top." But anyways, Sandi Patty, she takes it higher and higher.
距离碧昂丝的《Love on Top》还有六个月的时间。但无论如何，桑迪·帕蒂，她的要求越来越高。
America!
美国！
It is totally ridiculous, and yet, kind of incredible.
这完全是荒谬的，但又有点令人难以置信。
Emmanuel Dzotsi.
伊曼纽尔·佐齐。
Credits Ira Glass Well, the program was produced today by Emmanuel Dzotsi, Molly Marcello, and me.
图片来源 Ira Glass 嗯，这个节目今天是由 Emmanuel Dzotsi、Molly Marcello 和我制作的。
The people who put together today's show include Phia Bennin, Dana Chivvis, Cassie Howley, Adriene Lilly, Seth Lind, Miki Meek, Stowe Nelson, Robin Reid, Marisa Robertson Textor, Ryan Rumery, Alissa Shipp, and Christopher Swetala.
今天节目的制作人包括 Phia Bennin、Dana Chivvis、Cassie Howley、Adriene Lilly、Seth Lind、Miki Meek、Stowe Nelson、Robin Reid、Marisa Robertson Textor、Ryan Rumery、Alissa Shipp 和 Christopher Swetala。
Our managing editor is Sarah Abdurrahman.
我们的总编辑是萨拉·阿卜杜拉赫曼 (Sarah Abdurrahman)。
Our senior editor is David Kestenbaum.
我们的高级编辑是大卫·凯斯滕鲍姆。
Special thanks today to Sean Collins, Annegret Fauster, Stephen Hinton, Nate Sloan, Nicholas Mathew, Mark Clague, Jay Allison, Neil Drumming, Saige Miller, Angelica Bastien, Sierra Crane Murdoch, Ashley C.
今天特别感谢 Sean Collins、Annegret Fauster、Stephen Hinton、Nate Sloan、Nicholas Mathew、Mark Clague、Jay Allison、Neil Drumming、Saige Miller、Angelica Bastien、Sierra Crane Murdoch、Ashley C.
Ford, Annie Brown, Charlie Lannin, Bonnie Bastian, Laura Ann Johnson, Scott Tucker, Friends of Sleeping Bear Dunes, Michigan Public, Sal Lucero, and Clotilde Johnson-Beale.
福特、安妮·布朗、查理·兰宁、邦妮·巴斯蒂安、劳拉·安·约翰逊、斯科特·塔克、睡熊沙丘之友、密歇根公众、萨尔·卢塞罗和克洛蒂尔德·约翰逊-比尔。
Thanks also today to This American Life Partners Jonathan Teller and Becky Liebman.
今天还要感谢《美国生活》的合作伙伴乔纳森·泰勒 (Jonathan Teller) 和贝基·利布曼 (Becky Liebman)。
Who are these Life Partners I speak of?
我所说的这些人生伴侣是谁？
They are people who have signed up to pay a little bit of money to help us do something very basic, which is to continue making our show.
他们是签约支付一点钱来帮助我们做一些非常基本的事情的人，那就是继续制作我们的节目。
If that is a goal you support, I hope you'll consider joining them.
如果这是您支持的目标，我希望您会考虑加入他们。
Join us.
加入我们。
You get all kinds of perks as a thanks-- most notably, I think, just the show continuing to exist.
作为感谢，你会得到各种各样的福利——我认为最值得注意的是，节目继续存在。
But also, we've been experimenting with all sorts of stuff.
而且，我们一直在尝试各种各样的东西。
I've been writing a weekly newsletter for two weeks now.
我已经写了两周时事通讯了。
We'll see how long it goes.
我们会看看它能持续多久。
Go to thisamericanlife.org/lifepartners.
访问 thisamericanlife.org/lifepartners。
That link is also in the show notes.
该链接也在节目注释中。
This American Life is delivered to public radio stations by PRX, the Public Radio Exchange.
《美国生活》由公共广播电台 PRX 向公共广播电台播出。
Thanks, as always, to our program's co-founder, Mr. Torey Malatia.
一如既往地感谢我们项目的联合创始人 Torey Malatia 先生。
Recently, he has learned what being ashy is.
最近，他才知道什么是灰。
And I don't know.
我不知道。
It's embarrassing.
真尴尬。
He keeps going up to strangers and asking--
他不断走到陌生人面前询问——
Can I see your knees?
我可以看看你的膝盖吗？
Ira Glass I'm Ira Glass, back next week with more stories of This American Life.
艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass） 我是艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass），下周回来，带来更多《美国生活》的故事。
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。