85: Poultry Slam 1997 - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #85 | December 5, 1997 85: Poultry Slam 1997 Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 85 集 | 1997 年 12 月 5 日 85：Poultry Slam 1997 注：《This American Life》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.
如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue Ira Glass The argument is simple.
序言 Ira Glass 这个论点很简单。
Why have an eagle as your national bird?
为什么以鹰为国鸟？
The eagle is a bird of bad moral character.
鹰是一种品德恶劣的鸟。
He does not get his living honestly.
他没有诚实地谋生。
He sits on the tree branch, watches other birds swoop down for fish.
他坐在树枝上，看着其他鸟儿俯冲下来抓鱼。
Once they grab the fish, the eagle chases them, steals the fish.
一旦他们抓住了鱼，老鹰就会追赶他们，偷走鱼。
Also, he's a coward.
而且，他还是个胆小鬼。
At least that is the argument that Benjamin Franklin lays out in a letter dated January 26, 1784.
至少本杰明·富兰克林在 1784 年 1 月 26 日的一封信中阐述了这一论点。
"It would be far better if the symbol of the new United States of America were a turkey," Franklin writes.
富兰克林写道：“如果新美利坚合众国的象征是火鸡，那就更好了。”
Quote, "The turkey is, in comparison, a much more respectable, and withal a true, original native of America.
引用：“相比之下，火鸡是一种更值得尊敬的东西，而且是真正的、原始的美国本土。
Eagles have been found in all countries, but turkey was peculiar to ours.
老鹰在所有国家都有发现，但火鸡是我们国家所特有的。
He is besides, though a little vain and silly, a bird of courage and would not hesitate to attack a grenadier of British guards who should presume to invade his farm yard with a red coat on."
此外，虽然有点虚荣和愚蠢，但他是一只勇敢的鸟，会毫不犹豫地攻击一名穿着红色外套闯入他农场院子的英国警卫掷弹兵。”
A modern American reads this and thinks, bird of courage?
现代美国人读到这篇文章会想，勇气之鸟？
Well the wild turkey of the 18th century was very different from the butterball turkey of Thanksgiving day dinner.
18 世纪的野生火鸡与感恩节晚餐的黄油火鸡有很大不同。
That's Jack Hitt.
那是杰克·希特。
He is one of contributing editors here at This American Life .
他是《This American Life》的特约编辑之一。
He has written about the Benjamin Franklin papers in The New York Times.
他在《纽约时报》上撰写了有关本杰明·富兰克林论文的文章。
He writes about history, biology and pretty much anything else he wants to in various national magazines.
他在各种全国性杂志上写历史、生物学和几乎所有他想写的东西。
And he offered to explain this turkey mystery.
他主动提出解释这个火鸡之谜。
If you look at the label of a Wild Turkey bottle, you're probably closer to Ben Franklin's turkey than the one in the grocery store.
如果您查看野火鸡瓶子上的标签，您可能会发现，您可能比杂货店里的火鸡更接近本·富兰克林的火鸡。
It's all leg.
都是腿啊
It's fast.
速度很快。
It's speedy.
速度很快。
It's an athletic bird.
这是一只运动鸟。
It has almost no breast whatsoever.
它几乎没有任何乳房。
And if you've hunted them, they're incredibly quick and smart, whereas over the centuries, the turkey was eventually bred into this enormous walking piece of breast meat.
如果你猎杀过它们，你会发现它们非常敏捷和聪明，而几个世纪以来，火鸡最终被培育成这块巨大的行走胸肉。
The turkey itself is so front-heavy-- I think in some cases, they even have trouble walking towards the end.
火鸡本身的前部重量太大了——我认为在某些情况下，它们甚至很难走到最后。
You're saying that we as a nation have altered the turkey from a smart, fast cunning animal into a stupid, heavy one.
你是说我们这个国家已经把火鸡从一种聪明、敏捷、狡猾的动物变成了一种愚蠢、笨重的动物。
What we've done really is hybridize it to the point where it's just basically a living dinner waiting to get on the table.
我们所做的实际上是将其混合在一起，使其基本上成为等待上桌的活生生的晚餐。
There's really nothing about the turkey from its birth until its death that is about anything except being a meal.
火鸡从出生到死亡，除了作为一顿饭之外，真的没有任何其他意义。
And is the thing about poultry, that probably more than any other animal, we've turned birds, chicken, turkey, into what we want them to be.
关于家禽，我们可能比任何其他动物都更能将鸟类、鸡、火鸡变成我们想要的样子。
Which means that chickens and turkeys, more than other animals, are a mirror of ourselves, of our desires, of our needs.
这意味着鸡和火鸡比其他动物更能反映我们自己、我们的欲望和我们的需求。
When we tell stories about poultry, we're telling stories about ourselves.
当我们讲述有关家禽的故事时，我们就是在讲述我们自己的故事。
And given this, and given the history of the turkey in America, maybe Benjamin Franklin was right.
考虑到这一点，考虑到美国火鸡的历史，也许本杰明·富兰克林是对的。
Maybe it should be the symbol of our nation.
也许它应该是我们国家的象征。
In a way it begs the metaphor.
在某种程度上，它需要隐喻。
I mean he's saying that this should be the symbol of our country.
我的意思是他说这应该是我们国家的象征。
And I wonder if maybe it should, depending on what you think of the United States of America.
我想知道是否应该这样做，这取决于您对美利坚合众国的看法。
You're saying that if we had chosen it 200 years ago, it would have neatly tracked our national growth.
你是说，如果我们在 200 年前就选择了它，它就会完美地跟踪我们国家的发展。
Are you saying that now, we're more like the contemporary turkey than we were like Ben Franklin's turkey?
你是说现在我们更像当代的火鸡，而不是本·富兰克林的火鸡？
I guess I am saying that.
我想我就是这么说的。
Jack Hitt That we're fat and out of shape and lazy and somewhat retarded?
杰克·希特：我们又胖又走形又懒又有点迟钝？
I mean I admit, it's a little post-Vietnam syndrome.
我的意思是我承认，这有点后越南综合症。
I'm going to suggest this.
我要建议这个。
A little unfashionably, post-Vietnam syndrome.
有点不合时宜，后越南综合症。
Well, from WBEZ Chicago and Public Radio International.
嗯，来自芝加哥 WBEZ 和国际公共广播电台。
It is This American Life .
这就是《美国生活》。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
And we, all of us, we stand at this moment poised between Thanksgiving and Christmas.
而我们，我们所有人，此时此刻正处于感恩节和圣诞节之间。
We are in the weeks during the year when Americans consume more poultry than at any other time, which means it's time for This American Life's annual Poultry Slam.
一年中的几周，美国人消耗的家禽数量比任何其他时候都多，这意味着《美国生活》一年一度的家禽大满贯即将到来。
Stories about chickens, turkeys, ducks, fowl all kinds, and their mysterious hold over us.
关于鸡、火鸡、鸭子、各种家禽的故事，以及它们对我们的神秘控制。
Now Jack, although you're happily, and at our bidding, discussing Ben Franklin and turkeys, that is not the reason why you're here with us today, is it?
现在，杰克，虽然你很高兴，并且按照我们的要求，讨论本·富兰克林和火鸡，但这并不是你今天和我们在一起的原因，是吗？
No, actually I'm here for another poultry-related subject.
不，实际上我来这里是为了另一个与家禽相关的主题。
Let me just ask you to just give us a little hint.
请您给我们一点提示。
Just drop a phrase or two.
只需删除一两句话即可。
Chicken Little.
小鸡.
Adults all over America are turning off their radios.
美国各地的成年人都在关掉收音机。
You think chicken little is that much of a draw?
你认为小鸡有那么吸引人吗？
Let me try that again.
让我再试一次。
Two words Ira.
两个词艾拉。
Avian supernumeraries.
鸟类的多余生物。
Well, Act One of our program today, Chicken Diva, in which we hear the story of yes, avian supernumeraries.
好吧，我们今天的节目第一幕《鸡女主角》，我们在其中听到了关于鸟类多余生物的故事。
Act Two, Headless Chicken in Topless Bar.
第二幕，裸照酒吧里的无头鸡。
Actually, there is no topless bar in that act.
事实上，那一幕并没有赤裸上身的酒吧。
We just like the sound of that.
我们只是喜欢这个声音。
But there is a headless chicken and a question.
但有一只无头鸡和一个问题。
What does the headless chicken say about us?
无头鸡对我们说了什么？
Act Three, Duck Warrior.
第三幕，鸭子战士。
Michael Lewis explains the natural way to hunt duck and his family's way.
迈克尔·刘易斯 (Michael Lewis) 解释了狩猎鸭子的自然方式和他的家人的方式。
Act Four, Trying to Respect the Chicken, the story of one woman's quest to give chicken the honor and dignity they are rarely accorded, even though the chickens resist her efforts.
第四幕，试图尊重鸡，讲述了一个女人寻求给予鸡很少得到的荣誉和尊严的故事，尽管鸡抵制了她的努力。
Stay with us.
留在我们身边。
Act One, Chicken Diva.
第一幕，鸡女主角。
Chickens are what we make of them.
鸡是我们用它们做的。
For further evidence of this, we have this story from our contributing editor, Jack Hitt.
为了进一步证明这一点，我们从特约编辑杰克·希特那里得到了这个故事。
Oddly enough, it wasn't Susan who was obsessed with chickens.
奇怪的是，痴迷于鸡的并不是苏珊。
It was Kenny, a pal who worked backstage at the 92 Street Y in New York.
这是肯尼，一位在纽约 92 Street Y 后台工作的朋友。
His house was filled with chicken cups, chicken masks, porcelain chickens.
他的家里摆满了鸡杯、鸡面具、瓷鸡。
He got the whole staff onto chickens, including Susan.
他让全体员工都去养鸡，包括苏珊。
For a time there in the '80's, poultry-related jokes and references became the fast way to get a laugh at the Y.
在 80 年代的一段时间内，与家禽相关的笑话和参考文献成为嘲笑 Y 的快捷方式。
I guess most of us are condemned to see nothing more than the easy comedy of chickens, but Susan Vitucci saw something else, their potential greatness, their hidden beauty, their grandeur.
我想我们大多数人只能看到鸡的简单喜剧，但苏珊·维图奇看到了其他东西，它们潜在的伟大，它们隐藏的美丽，它们的宏伟。
One day, she glued together some finger puppets for a 10-minute rendition of the Chicken Little story for her nephew.
有一天，她把一些手指木偶粘在一起，为她的侄子表演了 10 分钟的《小鸡小故事》。
That was 14 years ago.
那是14年前的事了。
Today, it is a full-length opera, enjoyed by a cult following whenever it goes up in a workshop or cafe or small theater.
如今，它已成为一部长篇歌剧，每当它在工作室、咖啡馆或小剧院上演时，都会受到狂热追随者的喜爱。
It's still performed with finger puppets, but now it has a complete score written by a noted composer, Henry Krieger, who did Dreamgirls, and this season has a hit on Broadway, a musical called Side Show.
它仍然用手指木偶表演，但现在它有一个完整的乐谱，由著名作曲家亨利·克里格（Henry Krieger）创作，他曾创作过《梦幻女郎》，这一季在百老汇上演了一部名为《余兴秀》的音乐剧。
The Chicken Little opera he wrote with Susan Vitucci is called Love's Fowl .
他与苏珊·维图奇共同创作的《小鸡》歌剧名为《爱情之鸡》。
Needless to say, that's F-O-W-L.
不用说，那就是F-O-W-L。
Well, we were going to start with the opening, [SPEAKING ITALIAN] We are the Clothespin Repertory Theater.
好吧，我们要从开场开始，[说意大利语]我们是衣夹剧目剧院。
And we have a special singing guest for you, which I don't know--
我们为你们准备了一位特别的歌唱嘉宾，我不知道——
Susan and I are sitting at Henry's baby grand piano.
苏珊和我坐在亨利的小型三角钢琴前。
Henry's guest is his Maltese terrier named Toby.
亨利的客人是他的马耳他梗犬托比。
Perhaps Toby would be kind enough to join me over here.
也许托比会很友善地和我一起来这里。
Yeah, would she sit on your lap for this?
是啊，她会为此坐在你腿上吗？
OK, listen carefully because once Toby gets going, he actually harmonizes with Henry and Susan.
好吧，仔细听，因为一旦托比开始行动，他实际上就与亨利和苏珊和谐相处了。
You may have noticed that this libretto is an Italian, just like a real opera.
您可能已经注意到，这个剧本是意大利的，就像真正的歌剧一样。
Before, it was just a bunch of puppets and a box, with a good idea.
以前，只是一堆木偶和一个盒子，有一个好主意。
And then suddenly, since it went into Italian, it became something bigger than what it had been.
然后突然间，自从它进入意大利语以来，它变得比以前更大了。
And it's because when it's in English, we all know it, and it's really not that interesting.
这是因为当它是英文的时候，我们都知道它，而且它真的没那么有趣。
It's like, yeah, yeah, yeah.
就好像，是啊，是啊，是啊。
As soon as it's in Italian, it gives us enough distance that we can come in.
一旦它是意大利语，它就给了我们足够的距离，让我们可以进来。
It makes us-- it's like the lover who doesn't want you.
它让我们——就像不想要你的情人一样。
You don't want anybody more than you want the one who doesn't want you.
你不想要任何人，正如你不想要那个不想要你的人一样。
Right?
正确的？
And it's sort of the same thing.
这有点像同一件事。
[MUSIC - LOVE'S FOWL] Jack Hitt You may recall that when you last heard of Little, back in kindergarten, she was just an average, barn door fowl who had an acorn drop on our head, which she mistakenly understood to be the sky falling.
[音乐 - LOVE'S FOWL] Jack Hitt 你可能还记得，当你最后一次听说 Little 的时候，还是在幼儿园，她只是一只普通的谷仓家禽，我们的头上掉了一颗橡子，她错误地将其理解为天塌下来。
Her alarms excited her friends, Goosey Loosey, Turkey Lurkey, and Ducky Lucky.
她的闹钟让她的朋友 Goosey Loosey、Turkey Lurkey 和 Ducky Lucky 兴奋不已。
And they join her for a journey to the King to tell him the important news.
他们和她一起去见国王，告诉他重要的消息。
On the way, they meet up with Sly Fox.
途中，他们遇到了狡猾的狐狸。
Little's pals eagerly accept his invitation for dinner, literally as it turns out.
事实证明，利特尔的朋友们热切地接受了他的晚餐邀请。
Fortunately for Little, hunger is not enough to distract her from her mission, and she treks on.
对利特尔来说幸运的是，饥饿不足以分散她对使命的注意力，她继续跋涉。
When she meets the King, he tells her that the sky is not falling.
当她遇见国王时，国王告诉她天不会塌下来。
It's just an acorn.
这只是一个橡子。
So the enlightened Chicken Little returns to her coop, and that's where the story ends.
于是，开明的小鸡回到了她的鸡舍，故事就此结束。
Like Goldilocks and so many children's fables, the actual meaning of the story is obscure.
就像《金发姑娘》和许多儿童寓言一样，这个故事的实际意义是晦涩难懂的。
What are we to take away from Little's experience?
我们可以从利特尔的经历中得到什么？
I like to think that Little is rewarded with life precisely because she went off on this Quixotic mission, totally in the grip of a wrong idea.
我喜欢认为，利特尔得到了生命的回报，正是因为她完全被错误的想法所束缚，执行了这个堂吉诃德式的任务。
By clinging to that belief, however crazy, she managed to free herself from the ugly Darwinian world of the barnyard and of its mandate, eat or be eaten.
通过坚持这一信念，无论多么疯狂，她成功地将自己从丑陋的达尔文主义的谷仓世界及其“吃或被吃”的使命中解放出来。
[MUSIC - LOVE'S FOWL] The children's fable barely figures into the story.
[音乐 - LOVE'S FOWL] 儿童寓言几乎没有出现在故事中。
It's just one small episode in the life of Chicken Little, now known as La Pulcina Piccola.
这只是小鸡（现在被称为“La Pulcina Piccola”）生活中的一小段插曲。
After the acorn incident, she goes on to become an internationally renowned figure in almost every field imaginable, a diva of politics, academe, theater, art, derring-do.
橡子事件后，她几乎在所有可以想象的领域成为国际知名人物，政治、学术、戏剧、艺术、英勇的天后。
Like Venus, she arrives from some other world, transported on a scallop shell.
和维纳斯一样，她是乘坐扇贝壳从另一个世界来到这里的。
But the triumphs of her life begin after a youthful love affair with a fighting cock ends bitterly.
但在她年轻时与斗鸡的爱情以痛苦结束后，她人生的胜利才开始。
And she consoles herself, as we all do at some point in our lives, by plunging into Shakespeare.
正如我们在生活中的某个时刻所做的那样，她通过沉浸在莎士比亚的作品中来安慰自己。
She becomes an overnight sensation as an actress, celebrated all over the world for one role.
作为一名演员，她一夜成名，并因一个角色而享誉全球。
Juliet?
朱丽叶？
Cleopatra?
克利奥帕特拉？
Ophelia?
奥菲莉亚？
The company then performs an excerpt, a recreation of her signature role, which is Richard III.
随后剧团表演了一段片段，再现了她的标志性角色——理查三世。
[LAUGHTER] Well, I mean Sarah Bernhardt did Hamlet.
[笑声] 嗯，我的意思是莎拉·伯恩哈特演过《哈姆雷特》。
Well, there's a great tradition of women playing the men's roles in Shakespeare, but I think Richard III is one of the more rare roles to be played by a woman.
嗯，莎士比亚有一个由女性扮演男性角色的伟大传统，但我认为理查三世是由女性扮演的较为罕见的角色之一。
Well, that's how adventuresome an actress this chicken was.
嗯，这就是这只鸡的女演员的冒险精神。
I can assure you, there's nothing like watching a four-inch tall finger puppet crying out, "A horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse" in Italian.
我可以向你保证，没有什么比观看一个四英寸高的手指木偶用意大利语喊着“一匹马，一匹马，我的马的王国”更好的了。
Not to mention that that puppet is a chicken, surrounded by a whole supporting cast of poultry and other avian supernumeraries.
更不用说那个木偶是一只鸡，周围是一整套家禽和其他鸟类的辅助演员。
Susan says that, artistically, there's something special about chickens.
苏珊说，从艺术角度来说，鸡有一些特别之处。
They're a clean slate in a way.
从某种意义上说，他们是一块干净的石板。
I mean they're actually very dirty birds.
我的意思是它们实际上是非常肮脏的鸟。
But you can put anything on them.
但你可以在上面放任何东西。
You can project anything to them because it's not like they have, to me at least, a very strong personality.
你可以向他们投射任何东西，因为至少对我来说，他们没有很强的个性。
I have a cat.
我有一只猫。
I live with this cat.
我和这只猫住在一起。
I know he has a very strong personality.
我知道他有很强的个性。
He's a real creature.
他是一个真实的生物。
I mean he has a persona.
我的意思是他有人格。
Whereas the chickens are a group, and they have a personality as a group, but not individually.
而鸡是一个群体，它们作为一个群体有个性，但不是单独的。
Except for La Pulcina.
除了拉普尔西纳。
In the opera, she moves into the field of archaeology, masters it, needless to say, and makes a great discovery, the last tomb of [?
在歌剧中，她进入了考古学领域，不用说，她掌握了它，并做出了一项伟大的发现，[？
Gallopatra.
加洛帕特拉。
?] But not before she sails the seven seas, is ship wrecked, gets rescued, but it's by pirates, and then she meets the pirate king.
] 但不是在她航行七大洋之前，遭遇海难，获救，却是被海盗所害，然后她遇到了海贼王。
As soon as he meets her, he falls in love with because of her sweet spirit.
他一见到她，就因为她的甜美气质而爱上了她。
Because she comes in, and she says, "Here you see a little chicken who, although I'm dripping wet, I'm proud and yellow."
因为她进来了，她说：“你看到一只小鸡，虽然我浑身湿透，但我很自豪，而且是黄色的。”
Let me repeat that lyric for you in a purer translation.
让我以更纯粹的翻译为您重复这句歌词。
"Although I stand before you, a chicken who is dripping wet, I am proud, and I am yellow." OK, back to Susan.
“虽然我站在你面前，是一只浑身湿透的小鸡，但我骄傲，我黄了。”好吧，回到苏珊。
"And although I've loved and I have lost, I have learned to follow the call of adventure.
“虽然我爱过，也失去过，但我学会了跟随冒险的召唤。
So let's sail on."
那么，让我们继续航行吧。”
[MUSIC - LOVE'S FOWL] Jack Hitt Keep in mind that all of the action, like everything that occurs in every Susan Vitucci production, ever since the first one for her nephew and continuing to this day, occurs among characters created by sticking a small, painted Styrofoam ball onto to a larger painted Styrofoam ball, poking on two map tacks for eyes, gluing on a tiny, felt beak, and then impaling the whole thing on top of one of those really old-fashioned clothespins that a '40's cartoon figure would clamp to his nose around a chunk of Limburger cheese.
[音乐 - LOVE'S FOWL] Jack Hitt 请记住，所有的动作，就像苏珊·维图奇 (Susan Vitucci) 的每一部作品中发生的一切一样，从为她的侄子制作第一部作品开始一直持续到今天，都是通过将一个小的彩绘聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料球粘到一个较大的彩绘泡沫塑料球上，在两个地图钉上戳出眼睛，粘上一个微小的毛毡喙，然后将整个东西刺穿其中一个的顶部而创建的角色。真正老式的衣夹，40 年代的卡通人物会用一块林堡奶酪夹在鼻子上。
[MUSIC - LOVE'S FOWL] And I could go on.
[音乐 - LOVE'S FOWL] 我可以继续。
She takes a cowboy lover on the American frontier while on the lecture tour.
在巡回演讲期间，她带着一位牛仔情人来到美国边境。
Then there's an affair with an Italian professor modeled on a real 15th century naturalist who wrote a treatise on chickens.
然后是与一位意大利教授的风流韵事，这位教授模仿了一位真正的 15 世纪博物学家，写了一篇关于鸡的论文。
There's always another adventure, even outside the opera.
总是有另一种冒险，即使是在歌剧之外。
Susan has written, or as she puts it, translated La Pulcina Piccola's diaries, which detail the other adventures that happen in between those in the opera.
苏珊（Susan）撰写，或者正如她所说，翻译了拉普尔西纳·皮科拉（La Pulcina Piccola）的日记，其中详细介绍了歌剧中的人们之间发生的其他冒险经历。
There are 60 pages so far, excerpts of which have appeared in Clothelines, the official fan club newsletter of the opera.
到目前为止，共有 60 页，其中的摘录已出现在该歌剧的官方歌迷俱乐部时事通讯 Clothelines 上。
Its masthead lists every category of donor.
其刊头列出了各类捐赠者。
Zealot, fanatic, worshiper, admirer.
狂热者，狂热者，崇拜者，仰慕者。
A zealot has to give $250, a fanatic $100.
狂热者必须捐献 250 美元，狂热者则捐献 100 美元。
Do you have any zealots?
你有狂热分子吗？
Oh yeah, in fact actually, you can just give however much you want and call yourself whatever you want.
哦，是的，事实上，你可以给你想要的任何东西，并随心所欲地称呼自己。
So that we have people called [SPEAKING ITALIAN], which mean fine-feathered friends.
所以我们就有了被称为“SPEAKING ITALIAN”的人，意思是羽毛优美的朋友。
We have a couple of those.
我们有几个。
And we have lovers.
而且我们还有恋人。
We have a couple of lovers.
我们有一对恋人。
I'm not joking when I tell you that the high end donation is $500.
当我告诉你高端捐款是 500 美元时，我不是在开玩笑。
People take this campy finger puppet opera quite seriously.
人们非常认真地对待这种做作的手指木偶戏。
When I was talking to Henry Krieger, he recalled the night he first saw a bare bones production of it at The West Bank Cafe in New York.
当我和亨利·克里格交谈时，他回忆起他在纽约西岸咖啡馆第一次看到它的简单制作的那个晚上。
And it was Krieger who approached Vitucci begging to write music for it.
正是克里格找到维图奇请求为其创作音乐。
Love's Fowl has this strange effect on people.
爱情之鸟对人有这种奇怪的影响。
I didn't understand until Susan loaned me a videotape of one performance.
直到苏珊借给我一盘表演的录像带时我才明白。
To be honest, I thought I would be annoyed at the intentional irony and hokiness of the puppets.
说实话，我以为我会对木偶的故意讽刺和矫揉造作感到恼火。
I only agreed to watch it because I thought I would need the material to put together some wacky piece about poultry for This American Life.
我同意观看它只是因为我认为我需要这些材料来为《美国生活》制作一些关于家禽的古怪作品。
But there I was with my three-year-old daughter, who loved the show, watching a plastic bird pantomime one of the simplest human moments, but also one of the most profound, the confession of a great love.
但我和我三岁的女儿一起观看了一场塑料鸟哑剧，她很喜欢这个节目，这是人类最简单的时刻之一，也是最深刻的时刻之一，是对伟大爱情的表白。
In this case, with a cock robin.
在这种情况下，是一只公鸡知更鸟。
The song that she sings as she enters goes, "I am a chicken and ready for love.
她进来时唱的歌是这样的：“我是一只鸡，准备好迎接爱情。
My heart is as fragile as the egg from which I was born.
我的心就像诞生我的鸡蛋一样脆弱。
Treat me gently, and so will I treat you.
对我温柔，我也会对你温柔。
Together from earthly love, we will reach for the divine." And then she sings, "I'm a chicken, and I can't fly without love.
我们将从尘世的爱中一起走向神圣。”然后她唱道：“我是一只鸡，没有爱我就无法飞翔。
My heart, it is as strong as the egg from which I was born." And so forth.
我的心，就像诞生我的鸡蛋一样坚强。”等等。
And so it is only with Cock Robin that she flies.
因此，只有与知更鸟一起，她才能飞翔。
[MUSIC - LOVE'S FOWL] Jack Hitt And after they have agreed to fly together, and they are soaring in the air, Cock Robin is shot and killed, murdered by a jealous sparrow.
[音乐 - LOVE'S FOWL] 杰克·希特 在他们同意一起飞翔后，公鸡罗宾被一只嫉妒的麻雀射杀。
I couldn't believe it, but I was getting choked up, especially when Cock Robin appeared on the stage, his Styrofoam body spray-painted black for the lament, his little Magic Marker eyes drawn as X's.
我简直不敢相信，但我快要哽咽了，尤其是当公鸡罗宾出现在舞台上时，他的泡沫塑料身体被喷成黑色以示哀悼，他的小魔法标记眼睛被画成X的。
I gathered my daughter in my arms and held on tight as I was helplessly drawn into an expression of the grief and suffering of this little, sad bird.
我把女儿抱在怀里，紧紧地抱住，我无助地陷入了这只小鸟悲伤和痛苦的表情中。
In this era of slick special effects, there was something unexpectedly liberating in the marriage of this crude medium, painted styrofoam balls bobbing up and down behind a cardboard box, and the high melodramatic art of Italian opera.
在这个特效华丽的时代，这种粗糙的媒介、在纸板箱后面上下摆动的彩色泡沫塑料球和意大利歌剧的高度戏剧性艺术的结合，带来了意想不到的解放。
Picture it.
想象一下。
[MUSIC - LOVE'S FOWL] I want a subscription to that newsletter.
[音乐 - LOVE'S FOWL] 我想要订阅该时事通讯。
Are you going to do this?
你打算这样做吗？
I mean are you going to be working with Pulcina Piccola, you think, for the rest of your life?
我的意思是，您认为您会在余生中与 Pulcina Piccola 一起工作吗？
It's possible, and I like working with her because I can create an entire world.
这是可能的，我喜欢和她一起工作，因为我可以创造一个完整的世界。
And I think that's what's the charm of it for me.
我认为这就是它对我的魅力所在。
I get to go into a world that's inhabited by a very sweet spirit and play with the mechanics of the world.
我可以进入一个充满甜蜜灵魂的世界，并玩弄这个世界的机制。
And because it's very small-- I could never have afforded to produce this show with people.
而且因为它很小——我永远不可能负担得起与人一起制作这个节目。
But I could afford to do it with clothespins.
但我可以用衣夹来做这件事。
So I can do as big a production as I want with clothespins.
这样我就可以用衣夹制作尽可能大的作品。
I can have stuff fly in and out and come in from traps.
我可以让东西飞进飞出，也可以从陷阱里飞进来。
And I can have all kinds of fancy, flashy stuff that costs millions of dollars to do on Broadway.
我可以在百老汇拥有各种花哨、华而不实的东西，这些东西要花费数百万美元才能完成。
And it costs me $200 because I had to buy lots and lots and lots of Styrofoam and clothespins and stuff and all this and a new table maybe.
这花了我 200 美元，因为我必须买很多很多很多泡沫塑料、衣夹之类的东西以及所有这些，也许还需要一张新桌子。
And I get to do whatever I want.
我可以做任何我想做的事。
[MUSIC - LOVE'S FOWL] Ira Glass Jack Hitt's a writer who lives in New Haven.
[音乐 - LOVE'S FOWL] Ira Glass Jack Hitt 是一位住在纽黑文的作家。
Act Two, Headless Chicken in Topless Bar.
第二幕，裸照酒吧里的无头鸡。
Lloyd grew up in rural Virginia.
劳埃德在弗吉尼亚州乡村长大。
His parents were city people who moved to the farm, people who decided that they'd raise goats, pigs, about 100 chickens.
他的父母是城市人，搬到了农场，他们决定饲养山羊、猪和大约 100 只鸡。
They would slaughter the birds by chopping off their heads with an axe.
他们用斧头砍下鸟的头来杀死它们。
Now, we're going to get a little explicit here, so just be warned.
现在，我们要在这里明确一点，所以请注意。
It's a little nerve wracking because as soon as you cut the head off, a second or two will elapse, and then chicken explodes and starts to spazz out.
这有点让人伤脑筋，因为一旦你把头切下来，一两秒钟就会过去，然后鸡肉就会爆炸并开始发出嘶嘶声。
And sometimes, they'll just lie on the ground, jerking and moving, but other times, they'll actually run and hop.
有时，他们只是躺在地上，抽搐和移动，但其他时候，他们实际上会跑和跳。
And it's quite a sight because they're headless.
这是一个非常壮观的景象，因为它们没有头。
Blood is coming out of the top of their neck.
鲜血从他们的脖子上流出来。
And I mean if you have 30 of these to do, they're going to disperse over a pretty large area.
我的意思是，如果你有 30 个这样的任务要做，它们就会分散在相当大的区域内。
And I can remember chasing them, and frequently they would do evasive maneuvers.
我记得追他们的时候，他们经常做出躲避动作。
When you would try to reach down and grab them, they would jump to one side.
当你试图伸手抓住它们时，它们会跳到一侧。
And it seemed almost as if they could tell that you were there, which they couldn't.
他们似乎能看出你在那儿，但他们却做不到。
They didn't have a head.
他们没有头。
We tried a lot of different techniques to deal with this messy situation.
我们尝试了很多不同的技术来处理这种混乱的情况。
And I can remember one time we decided we'd cut the head off, and we'd throw them into a 55 gallon drum.
我记得有一次我们决定把头砍下来，然后把它们扔进一个 55 加仑的桶里。
But that was a mess, and it was really noisy because they bang around.
但那里很乱，而且真的很吵，因为它们到处乱撞。
And you can only put so many in there, and the blood starts to collect.
你只能放这么多，然后血液就开始聚集。
And so that was really-- that didn't work.
所以那确实是行不通的。
I remember one time, my uncle, Louis, came, and he was helping us do this.
我记得有一次，我叔叔路易斯来了，他正在帮助我们做这件事。
And he had heard that if you break the chicken's neck, as opposed to cutting it off, that somehow circumvents this reaction.
他听说，如果你折断鸡的脖子，而不是割掉它，就会以某种方式避免这种反应。
And they don't spazz out.
而且他们不会生气。
So he felt that the way to do that would be to grab the chicken by the head and swing it around his head.
所以他觉得最好的办法就是抓住鸡的头，然后在自己的头上晃来晃去。
And he picked one up and swung it around his head a few times.
他拿起一个，在头上晃了几下。
And sure enough, the animal was dead, and it didn't go into this reaction.
果然，动物已经死了，并且没有进入这种反应。
And so he stepped back, and my father picked up a chicken and did the same thing.
于是他退后一步，我父亲拿起一只鸡，做了同样的事情。
And as he's swinging it around, I looked over at Louis, and I noticed that there was this line of chicken [BLEEP] that was going across his glasses because the bird had gone to the bathroom while my dad was swinging it around.
当他挥舞它时，我看着路易斯，我注意到他的眼镜上有一条鸡[哔]声，因为当我爸爸挥舞它时，这只鸟去了卫生间。
And so we didn't really try that anymore, and we went back to the fence method.
所以我们并没有再尝试，而是回到了栅栏方法。
If you spend enough time around chickens, and you are a halfway empathetic or observant person, I think it's inevitable that at certain times, in certain ways, the boundary between the human world and the chicken world will get blurred.
如果你花足够的时间和鸡在一起，并且你是一个半善解人意或善于观察的人，我认为在某些时候，在某些方面，人类世界和鸡世界之间的界限将不可避免地变得模糊。
That happened to Lloyd.
劳埃德就遇到过这种情况。
Chickens are very hierarchical, and the higher chickens-- well, the chickens want to get to the highest part of the roost.
鸡是有等级制度的，等级越高的鸡——好吧，鸡想要到达栖息地的最高部分。
And so there'd be constant fighting to get to the top, chickens damaging each other, pecking each other.
因此，为了爬到山顶，鸡们会不断地互相伤害、互相啄食。
But there would always be one or two chickens that had very few feathers.
但总会有那么一两只鸡的羽毛很少。
And because they were always being picked on, henpecked, they were the bottom of the pecking order.
而且因为他们总是被人欺负、怕老婆，所以他们的地位就处于垫底。
And these chickens, I felt sorry for them because it looked very uncomfortable, and I didn't like to see them suffering.
还有这些鸡，我为它们感到难过，因为它们看起来很不舒服，我不喜欢看到它们受苦。
But I also felt-- they evoked a bit of anger in me because they were always hanging out in the corner or under foot.
但我也感觉到——他们引起了我的一些愤怒，因为他们总是挂在角落里或在脚下。
And they didn't go out in the yard usually.
而且平时他们也不到院子里去。
They would just hang out inside the house.
他们只是在屋子里闲逛。
And frequently, I think they just brought out the bully in a 10-year-old boy.
我经常认为他们只是揭露了一个 10 岁男孩的恶霸行为。
I had some anger that I would-- and I'm ashamed to admit, these henpecked animals would bring it out in me.
我有些愤怒——我羞于承认，这些怕老婆的动物会把这种愤怒发泄在我身上。
And I would kick them them away if they were under foot and stuff like that.
如果他们踩在脚下或者诸如此类的事情，我会把他们踢开。
It was a mixture of feeling sorry for them and feeling derision.
这既是对他们的遗憾，也是对他们的嘲笑。
One way to look at the world is this.
看待世界的一种方式是这样的。
There's a life continuum.
有一个生命的连续体。
One one side, at the extreme end, you have plants and insects and stuff that most of us feel no remorse about killing or mistreating.
一方面，在极端的一端，有植物、昆虫和我们大多数人对杀死或虐待毫不后悔的东西。
On the other side of the continuum, at the other extreme, you have dogs and cats and baby seals and human beings, animals we do not feel free to just kill or eat or be cruel to.
在连续体的另一边，在另一个极端，有狗、猫、小海豹和人类，我们不能随意杀死、吃掉或残忍对待这些动物。
And the question is, where are chickens located on this continuum?
问题是，鸡位于这个连续体的什么位置？
At different points during our conversation, Lloyd put chickens at different places on the continuum.
在我们谈话的不同时刻，劳埃德将鸡放在连续体的不同位置。
Sometimes he said that he felt their pain.
有时他说他能感受到他们的痛苦。
He empathized with their pain.
他同情他们的痛苦。
Sometimes he went on these long tirades about how stupid chickens are.
有时他会长篇大论地说鸡是多么愚蠢。
The thing about chickens is they like eating eggs, but they don't know that the things they're laying are eggs.
鸡的特点是它们喜欢吃鸡蛋，但它们不知道它们下的东西是鸡蛋。
You get the occasional chicken that will eat eggs from the areas where they lay them, but by and large, that's not that common.
你偶尔会看到一些鸡会吃它们产蛋的地方的鸡蛋，但总的来说，这种情况并不常见。
But if you take an egg and throw it on the floor, all the chickens will run over and eat it.
但如果你拿一个鸡蛋扔到地板上，所有的鸡都会跑过来吃它。
That's horrifying.
太可怕了。
Lloyd Natoff I'm feeling some anguish about how I treated some of these chickens, chickens that are long gone, chickens that were only with me for a year.
劳埃德·纳托夫（Lloyd Natoff）：我对自己对待这些鸡的方式感到有些痛苦，这些鸡已经去世很久了，只和我在一起一年了。
Chickens that individually meant nothing to me.
单独的鸡对我来说毫无意义。
You're going to make me out to be repentant.
你会让我悔改的。
No I'm not.
不，我不是。
I'm just going to follow the interview where it goes.
我只是要关注采访的进展。
Well, you sound weirdly repentant.
嗯，你的悔改听起来有点奇怪。
It's the weirdest thing, thinking about those poor, dumb chickens.
想想那些可怜又愚蠢的鸡，这是最奇怪的事情。
Of course, the ultimate test of where you place a living thing on the life continuum is whether or not you're willing to put whatever it is into your mouth and eat it.
当然，对一个生物在生命相续中的位置的最终考验是你是否愿意把它放进嘴里吃掉。
I still eat chicken.
我还是吃鸡肉。
Ira Glass Lloyd Natoff designs and builds custom furniture for a living here in Chicago.
Ira Glass Lloyd Natoff 为芝加哥的生活设计并制造定制家具。
Coming up, the Trojan goose, chicken portraiture and other stories about birds that say more about us than they do about the birds in our annual Poultry Slam.
接下来，特洛伊鹅、鸡肖像和其他有关鸟类的故事，这些故事更多地讲述了我们，而不是我们一年一度的家禽大满贯中的鸟类。
In a minute from Public Radio International, when our program continues.
国际公共广播电台一分钟后，我们的节目仍在继续。
It's This American Life.
这就是美国生活。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Each week on our program of course, we choose a theme, bring you a variety of different kinds of stories on the theme.
当然我们每周的节目都会选择一个主题，为大家带来各种不同类型的主题故事。
Today's program, during the weeks between Thanksgiving Christmas, the weeks of greatest poultry consumption in America, it is our annual Poultry Slam.
今天的节目是感恩节圣诞节之间的几周，这是美国家禽消费量最大的几周，是我们一年一度的家禽大满贯。
Stories of chicken, turkeys, ducks, fowl of all kind, and how we turn them into mirrors of ourselves.
关于鸡、火鸡、鸭子和各种家禽的故事，以及我们如何将它们变成我们自己的镜子。
We have arrived at Act Three of our program, Duck Warrior.
我们已经到了节目《鸭子战士》的第三幕。
If how we raise chickens says a lot about ourselves, how we hunt them says just as much.
如果说我们养鸡的方式很大程度上说明了我们自己，那么我们捕猎鸡的方式也同样说明了我们自己。
We have this account of one family's mortal reckoning with birds, and with their own souls, from Michael Lewis.
我们有这样一个故事，讲述了一个家庭与鸟类以及他们自己的灵魂的凡人清算，来自迈克尔·刘易斯。
Every other year or so during Christmas vacation, I stuff myself into the camouflage suit of goose down and rubber and strike out with my father and a few of his friends into the swamps of southwestern Louisiana.
每隔一年左右的圣诞节假期，我都会穿上鹅绒和橡胶制成的迷彩服，与父亲和他的几个朋友一起进入路易斯安那州西南部的沼泽地。
For nearly 20 years now, I have followed him into the darkness, as blindly as Isaac followed Abraham, to stalk waterfowl through a gauntlet of pricker bushes, sawgrass, quick mud, snakes, mosquitoes, wild dogs, alligators and even the odd hostile cow.
近20年来，我一直跟随他走进黑暗，就像以撒盲目地跟随亚伯拉罕一样，穿过荆棘丛、锯草、流动的泥浆、蛇、蚊子、野狗、鳄鱼，甚至奇怪的敌对牛，跟踪水禽。
Because everything in the Louisiana swamp seems slightly unhinged and unpredictable, it seems almost natural there that, for example, the common cow would charge an armed man as fiercely as the rabbit charged Jimmy Carter.
因为路易斯安那沼泽中的一切似乎都有点精神错乱和不可预测，所以，在那里，普通的牛会猛烈地冲向一名武装人员，就像兔子冲向吉米·卡特一样，这似乎是很自然的事情。
And force him to choose between humiliating death and the indignity of shooting a cow in self-defense.
并迫使他在屈辱的死亡和出于自卫射杀牛的侮辱之间做出选择。
But of all the life in the swamp, nothing is quite so transformed by the place as the otherwise intelligent human being in pursuit of the elusive waterfowl.
但在沼泽地的所有生命中，没有什么比聪明的人类追逐难以捉摸的水鸟而被这个地方所改变的了。
I suppose I should say that I see nothing immoral in this, though I often have sensed mild disapproval in people who do not hunt of people who do.
我想我应该说，我认为这并没有什么不道德的地方，尽管我经常感觉到那些不追捕猎物的人有轻微的不满。
As they slice deeply into the flesh of what was once an adorable little lamb, and then tear it greedily with their back teeth, these people will say something like, "How can you kill a cute little duck?" The honest answer is, sadly, that I don't.
当他们深深地切入曾经可爱的小羊羔的肉，然后用后牙贪婪地撕扯时，这些人会说：“你怎么能杀死一只可爱的小鸭子？”可悲的是，诚实的答案是我不知道。
Looking back on it now, I believe we began two decades ago with the ambition of one day becoming purists.
现在回想起来，我相信我们二十年前就怀着有一天成为纯粹主义者的雄心。
The hunting purist is able to make himself think and feel like a duck or a goose.
狩猎纯粹主义者能够让自己像鸭子或鹅一样思考和感觉。
He enters the swap at 5:00 in the morning with 10 shotgun shells and returns three hours later with his legal limit of three ducks and seven geese.
他在早上 5:00 带着 10 颗猎枪子弹进入交换，三小时后带着法定限制的三只鸭子和七只鹅返回。
He can carve wooden ducks so similar to live ducks that even ducks don't notice the difference.
他能雕刻出与活鸭子非常相似的木鸭，甚至连鸭子都没有注意到其中的区别。
And make noises with his mouth that sound so much like a female duck on the make that male ducks flock to him like sailors to a brothel.
他用嘴发出声音，听起来很像一只母鸭子，以至于公鸭子像水手涌入妓院一样涌向他。
I confess there was a time when this seemed important to us, and some of my earliest memories are of my father sitting on our back porch imitating for hours a tape recording of duck mating calls.
我承认，曾经有一段时间，这对我们来说似乎很重要，我最早的一些记忆是我父亲坐在我们的后门廊上，连续几个小时模仿鸭子交配叫声的录音。
But over the years, it became clear that no matter how long we practiced this inter-species flirtation, we would never score.
但多年来，我们越来越清楚，无论我们练习这种跨物种调情多久，我们都永远不会得分。
As this truth dawned, we began busily to fill the gap between our ambitions and our talents with the latest in hunting technology.
当这个事实逐渐明朗时，我们开始忙于用最新的狩猎技术来填补我们的抱负和才能之间的差距。
Unable to speak with the birds, we communicated instead with each other.
由于无法与鸟儿交谈，我们只能互相交流。
We carried Walkie Talkies so that we might fan out in the swamp and relay to each other various duck data.
我们携带对讲机，这样我们就可以在沼泽中分散开来，互相转发各种鸭子数据。
We carried flares to better see each other in the dark.
我们携带照明弹，以便在黑暗中更好地看到对方。
And then there were the more adventurous techniques.
然后还有更冒险的技术。
In the late 1970's, it was widely believed, for example, that to a goose flying high in the sky, a balled up newspaper resembled a sitting goose.
例如，在 20 世纪 70 年代末，人们普遍认为，对于一只高高飞翔的鹅来说，一份卷成一团的报纸就像一只坐着的鹅。
For several years, we spread The Wall Street Journal across the Louisiana wetlands, fully believing that a goose would spot the stock quotes, or perhaps an opera review, and dive down for a closer look.
几年来，我们将《华尔街日报》传播到路易斯安那州的湿地，完全相信鹅会发现股票报价，或者歌剧评论，并潜入水中仔细观察。
After a while, when we had nothing to show for this but a soggy mess, we moved on from newspapers to life-sized, plastic replicas of geese.
过了一段时间，当我们除了一团湿漉漉的烂摊子之外什么也没有时，我们从报纸转向真人大小的塑料鹅复制品。
When these also failed, another theory soon made the rounds.
当这些也失败后，另一种理论很快就流传开来。
Geese lacked size perception.
鹅缺乏大小知觉。
A goose the size of the World Trade Center looked, to a goose, like just another goose.
对于一只鹅来说，一只世界贸易中心那么大的鹅看起来就像是另一只鹅。
And so, for the next several years, our plastic replicas of the geese swelled to three or four times the size of a live goose.
因此，在接下来的几年里，我们的鹅塑料复制品膨胀到了活鹅的三到四倍大。
The added size did not help as far as I could see.
据我所知，增加的尺寸并没有帮助。
Only now do I understand that our many beliefs about geese would lead us inevitably to embrace the Trojan goose.
直到现在我才明白，我们对鹅的诸多信念将不可避免地导致我们拥抱特洛伊鹅。
The Trojan goose was advertised by one of the many companies that specialize in supplying frustrated hunters with high technology.
专门为失意的猎人提供高科技的众多公司之一为特洛伊鹅做了广告。
It was, as it sounds, a hollowed out replica of a goose, complete with eye holes and large enough for two hunters to stand comfortably inside of it.
顾名思义，它是一只被挖空的鹅的复制品，上面有眼孔，而且大得足以让两个猎人舒服地站在里面。
It was meant to be erected in the middle of a goose feeding ground.
它本来是要建在鹅饲养场的中间。
One wing disguised a kind of trap door.
一个翅膀伪装成一种活板门。
The idea was that once the geese gathered around their gargantuan cousin, the hunters might throw open the trap door, storm out into their unsuspecting midst and visit death and destruction upon many wild beasts.
这个想法是，一旦鹅聚集在它们巨大的表亲周围，猎人可能会打开活板门，冲进它们毫无戒心的中间，给许多野兽带来死亡和毁灭。
Just moments before we purchased the Trojan goose, however, something happened.
然而，就在我们购买特洛伊鹅之前，发生了一些事情。
I'm not sure what, perhaps some combination of self-revulsion and self-examination.
我不确定是什么，也许是自我厌恶和自我审视的结合。
At heart, we realized, we were not technologists.
我们意识到，从本质上讲，我们不是技术专家。
We were spiritualists.
我们是唯灵论者。
The spiritualist is the hunter who has learned to shift the emphasis of the hunting away from the killing.
唯灵论者是学会将狩猎的重点从杀戮转移的猎人。
He knows he can shiver ducklessly for hours behind a clump of marsh grass, expertly imitating a pintail's whistle or a mallard drake's quack with a textbook, perfect semicircle of decoys at his front and the wind and the sunrise at his back.
他知道他可以在一片沼泽草丛后面一动不动地颤抖几个小时，用教科书熟练地模仿针尾的哨声或野鸭的嘎嘎声，前面有完美的半圆形诱饵，后面有风和日出。
Then, the moment he deserts his position to answer a call of nature, the ducks will descend like Japanese zeros.
然后，当他放弃自己的位置去响应自然的召唤时，鸭子就会像日本零式飞机一样降落。
Looking like a cross between a flasher and an advertisement for the National Rifle Association, he will lurch for his gun and go down with a small splash as the ducks exit safely, chuckling lightly.
他看起来就像是闪光器和国家步枪协会广告的结合体，他会猛地抓住他的枪，当鸭子安全退出时，他会轻轻地笑着倒下，溅起一点水花。
We have come very far in these 20 years.
这20年来我们已经取得了很大的进步。
A few weeks ago, my father set off one morning on foot through the swamp.
几周前的一天早上，我父亲徒步穿过沼泽。
He came through a clearing and walked into several acres of ducks and geese feeding on the ground.
他穿过一片空地，走进了几英亩正在地上吃草的鸭子和鹅。
They continued to feed while he watched.
在他的注视下，它们继续进食。
It was the largest collection of potential victims ever to sit quietly within the range of a Lewis gun.
这是迄今为止安静地坐在刘易斯枪射程内的潜在受害者人数最多的一次。
He might have murdered a flock had he been that sort of hunter.
如果他是那种猎人，他可能会杀死一群羊。
Instead, he stood in awe and watched until they all flew away.
相反，他敬畏地站着，看着它们，直到它们全部飞走。
Michael Lewis is the author of Trail Fever and other books.
迈克尔·刘易斯是《Trail Fever》和其他书籍的作者。
Act Four, Trying to Respect a Chicken.
第四幕，尝试尊重一只鸡。
Sure, it's one thing to take a fictional character like Chicken Little and make her a star.
当然，让像小鸡这样的虚构人物成为明星是一回事。
Try doing it with a real chicken, just try.
尝试用一只真正的鸡来做，尝试一下。
Well, these are photographs of chickens.
嗯，这些是鸡的照片。
The first one here is a Silver Laced Wyandotte.
这里的第一个是银花边怀恩多特 (Silver Laced Wyandotte)。
It's a black and white bird, essentially, but the tail feathers have a lot of iridescent green coloring.
它本质上是一只黑白相间的鸟，但尾羽有很多虹彩绿色。
In a world where chickens get no respect, Tamara Staples treats them the way that humans treat those we revere the most.
在一个鸡不受尊重的世界里，塔玛拉·斯台普斯对待它们就像人类对待我们最尊敬的人一样。
She takes their portraits, lovingly.
她亲切地为他们拍摄肖像。
Her shots are like fashion photographs, beautifully lit, color backdrops.
她的照片就像时尚照片，光线优美，背景色彩丰富。
They're beautiful.
她们很漂亮。
So now, the first one looked regal, but now you've just turned to one where it almost looks like a clown.
所以现在，第一个看起来很富丽堂皇，但现在你刚刚转向了一个几乎看起来像小丑的人。
It looks comic.
看起来很喜剧。
It's a Mottled Houdan, which I always call the Phyllis Diller chicken.
这是一只斑驳的乌丹鸡，我总是称之为菲利斯迪勒鸡。
Oh my god, that chicken does look like Phyllis Diller.
天哪，那只鸡看起来确实像菲利斯·迪勒。
It does.
确实如此。
It's the hat.
这是帽子。
It got this huge feathered hat thing and a strange body shape.
它有一个巨大的羽毛帽子和奇怪的身体形状。
In a way, it's Tamra Staples is running an odd little cross-species science experiment, one that asks this question.
在某种程度上，塔姆拉·斯台普斯正在进行一项奇怪的小型跨物种科学实验，提出了这个问题。
What happens when you try to treat a chicken the way we treat humans, even if it's just for the length of a photo shoot?
当你尝试像对待人类一样对待一只鸡时，即使只是为了拍摄一张照片，会发生什么？
What happens, it turns out, is that you learn just where the thin line is that divides human beings from birds.
事实证明，你会了解到区分人类和鸟类的细线在哪里。
All right, maybe it's not such a thin line, but it's definitely a line.
好吧，也许它不是那么细的线，但它绝对是一条线。
And, like most city people, I had never thought about it, about where it lies, about what it might be, what it might consist of, until Tamara headed out to a farm.
而且，像大多数城里人一样，我从来没有想过它，它位于哪里，它可能是什么，它可能包含什么，直到塔玛拉前往农场。
[CHICKENS CROWING] Paul I think that is the best one.
[鸡鸣] 保罗，我认为这是最好的。
Yeah, we have to get him.
是的，我们必须抓住他。
We don't want him to get dirty or anything, do we?
我们不想让他弄脏什么的，是吗？
Or does it matter?
或者这有关系吗？
She runs loose every day.
她每天都在逍遥法外。
Tamara Staples Can we find her?
塔玛拉·斯台普斯 我们能找到她吗？
Yeah, we can fake her out.
是的，我们可以欺骗她。
Tamara Staples We're going to wrangle him.
塔玛拉·斯台普斯 我们要和他争论。
We're at the Davidson's dairy farm, about an hour and a half northwest of Chicago.
我们位于戴维森奶牛场，距芝加哥西北约一个半小时车程。
Family members present-- Paul, who's helping Tamara choose a bird photograph, his sister Laura, who's studying photography at a nearby university.
家人在场——保罗正在帮助塔玛拉选择一张鸟类照片，他的妹妹劳拉正在附近的一所大学学习摄影。
Their grandfather George Cairns, a veteran breeder.
他们的祖父乔治·凯恩斯（George Cairns）是一位资深饲养员。
Their father Dick, who seems the most skeptical of this whole project, but who patiently shows Tamara and her assistant Dennis the milking barn as a possible place to set up and shoot.
他们的父亲迪克似乎对整个项目最持怀疑态度，但他耐心地向塔玛拉和她的助手丹尼斯展示挤奶棚作为可能的布景和拍摄地点。
What kind of an area are you looking for?
您正在寻找什么样的区域？
Well, maybe it could be a little wider, don't you think?
好吧，也许它可以更宽一点，你不觉得吗？
And if could be from here to there, and from that pole to that pole.
如果可以从这里到那里，从那一极到那极就好了。
For what?
为了什么？
I don't understand.
我不明白。
Tamara Staples Well, we are setting-- maybe this is a good time to pull out the portfolio.
Tamara Staples 好吧，我们正在设置——也许现在是退出投资组合的好时机。
Do you want to grab it?
你想抓住它吗？
It's a study of the birds, but it's an isolated study so people aren't necessarily associating it with the farm and something to eat.
这是一项针对鸟类的研究，但它是一项孤立的研究，因此人们不一定将其与农场和食物联系起来。
Tamara takes us all outside the barn so dust won't get on her photos and shows them her shots, name dropping the names of some big chicken people, people whose birds she's photographed, including Bob Wullf editor of The Poultry Press.
塔玛拉把我们所有人带到谷仓外面，这样灰尘就不会沾到她的照片上，并向他们展示了她拍摄的照片，并列出了一些养鸡大户的名字，以及她拍摄过的鸟类的名字，其中包括家禽出版社的鲍勃·沃尔夫编辑。
Dick notices that a bird in one photo has crooked toes.
迪克注意到一张照片中的一只鸟的脚趾是弯曲的。
Probably on a a higher surface and he turned.
可能是在一个更高的表面，他转身。
Well, the pictures are nice and sharp.
嗯，这些照片既漂亮又清晰。
I mean there's nothing wrong with the pictures.
我的意思是图片没有任何问题。
If there's anything to find fault with, it's the birds.
如果说有什么可挑剔的话，那就是鸟儿了。
They aren't posing the way they should, some of them.
他们中的一些人没有按照应有的方式摆出姿势。
The fact is, most city people usually go nuts when they see Tamara's pictures.
事实上，大多数城市人看到塔玛拉的照片时通常都会发疯。
A lot of chicken breeders don't like them.
很多养鸡人不喜欢它们。
And to understand why, to fully comprehend this little culture clash here in America, we have to leave the barnyard and flash back to something happened back at Tamara's apartment in the city.
为了理解为什么，为了充分理解美国这里的这种小小的文化冲突，我们必须离开谷仓，回想起塔玛拉在城里的公寓里发生的事情。
Tamara showed me this old, red book from the turn of the century, this book with the seal of the American Poultry Association in gold on the front.
塔玛拉给我看了这本世纪之交的红色旧书，这本书的正面印有美国家禽协会的金色印章。
And then, right there in gold letters--
然后，就在那里，用金色的字母——
Standard of perfection.
完美的标准。
The standard of perfection is really the Bible of poultry standards.
完美标准确实是家禽标准的圣经。
What birds are--
什么鸟是——
Tamara flipped past the engravings and illustrations of chickens of all types and breeds.
塔玛拉翻阅了各种类型和品种的鸡的雕刻和插图。
These were show chickens, standing the way that chickens stand in competitions.
这些都是表演鸡，就像鸡在比赛中的表现一样。
Then Tamara pulled out one of her own photos to compare, to show me how her poses do not meet the standard in the book.
然后塔玛拉拿出一张她自己的照片来对比，让我看看她的姿势怎么不符合书上的标准。
The tail needs to be higher.
尾巴需要更高。
Her feet are not erect standing.
她的脚没有直立。
Chest isn't out.
胸没出来。
Head needs to be up more.
头需要抬起更多。
And it shows.
它表明。
I mean you can see the shape of the chicken much better in the standard of perfection pose.
我的意思是，在完美姿势的标准中，你可以更好地看到鸡的形状。
See to me, what's so interesting though is that the standard of perfection doesn't include a personality.
在我看来，有趣的是完美的标准并不包括个性。
Right, because it's not about personality.
是的，因为这与个性无关。
It's about breeding.
这是关于繁殖的。
So is that a pose that the owners would want to own a photo of?
那么业主们会想拍一张这样的姿势吗？
They are very particular about-- they want to see their bird in the standard of perfection pose, definitely.
他们非常挑剔——他们绝对希望看到自己的鸟儿处于标准的完美姿势。
Because that's what they've been taught from 4H, when they were kids, to do.
因为这就是他们小时候从 4H 就被教导要做的事情。
That's for them.
那是给他们的。
For herself, for her city customers, she chooses the others.
为了她自己，为了她的城市顾客，她选择了其他人。
OK, back to the barnyard.
好吧，回到谷仓。
Tamara and the Davidsons decide to set up the photo session in a room that's usually used to store feed for the cows.
塔玛拉和戴维森一家决定在一个通常用来储存奶牛饲料的房间里拍摄照片。
It takes about 45 minutes to set this up.
设置此过程大约需要 45 分钟。
That 45 minutes includes dismantling and moving a wall of hay that is probably 10 feet high and 15 feet long.
这 45 分钟包括拆除和移动一堵可能高 10 英尺、长 15 英尺的干草墙。
This takes five people.
这需要五个人。
Then, in comes the power and the fancy lights and the cloth backdrop that gets hung from the steel pole.
然后，电源、精美的灯光以及悬挂在钢杆上的布背景进来了。
The backdrop is ironed first with an iron and ironing board brought from the city just for that purpose.
首先用专门从城里带来的熨斗和熨衣板熨烫背景。
11.5, 11, and an 8.5.
11.5、11 和 8.5。
Dennis Yeah, 11.5.
丹尼斯 是的，11.5。
Your test is going to be at 11.5, 11 and 8.5.
您的测试成绩将为 11.5、11 和 8.5。
You'll shoot your film at 11.
你将在 11 点拍摄电影。
It was cold, well below freezing, so cold that the Polaroid film that Tamara uses for lighting tests would not fully develop.
天气很冷，远低于冰点，冷到塔玛拉用于照明测试的宝丽莱胶片无法完全显影。
You ready for bird?
你准备好养鸟了吗？
Tamara Staples We're close.
塔玛拉·斯台普斯 我们很接近了。
I just want to commune with the bird.
我只是想和鸟儿交流。
I just want to make you pretty.
我只是想让你变得漂亮。
Look how sweet, aren't you?
你看，多么甜蜜，不是吗？
You know what?
你知道吗？
I'm going to photograph you.
我要给你拍照。
My name is Tamara.
我叫塔玛拉。
I'll you photographer for today.
今天我来当你的摄影师。
Our first bird is a White Cornish, a show bird who belongs to George.
我们的第一羽鸽子是一只白康沃尔鸽，一只属于乔治的表演鸽。
This show bird is used to being picked up and handled.
这只表演鸟习惯于被抱起和处理。
Part of preparing chicken for shows involves handling them a lot so they'll be calm with the judges.
为表演准备鸡的一部分包括经常与它们接触，这样它们就能在评委面前保持冷静。
If you could just nudge his head up a little bit, he's perfect.
如果你能把他的头稍微抬起一点，他就完美了。
He's got his chest up.
他挺起了胸膛。
OK, now he's got his face in.
好吧，现在他的脸已经露出来了。
OK, yeah, you know what we want.
好吧，是的，你知道我们想要什么。
Great, George.
太棒了，乔治。
He's got a feather on his back here.
他的背上有一根羽毛。
Tamara has the Cornish stand up on a stack of little red, antique books, kind of unsteady.
塔玛拉让康沃尔人站在一堆红色的小古董书上，有点不稳定。
Things go well for a while.
事情进展顺利一段时间。
She get a half dozen good shots of the bird, expressive shots, more personality than standard of perfection, George tells me.
乔治告诉我，她拍了六张关于这只鸟的好照片，富有表现力的照片，更多的是个性而不是完美的标准。
The bird's chest isn't high enough.
鸟的胸部不够高。
Its body is not turned correctly to the camera.
它的身体没有正确转向相机。
And then, the bird stops cooperating.
然后，这只鸟就停止合作了。
He gets tired.
他累了。
Paul has a suggestion.
保罗有一个建议。
Bring in a pullet?
带小母鸡来吗？
Tamara Staples You know what?
塔玛拉·斯台普斯 你知道吗？
You know that works.
你知道那是有效的。
Maybe you should explain what that is.
也许你应该解释一下那是什么。
What does that mean to bring in a pullet?
引入小母鸡意味着什么？
Laura grabs a hen and waves it at the flaccid cock.
劳拉抓起一只母鸡，向软弱的公鸡挥舞。
The cock does not rise.
公鸡不升起。
I can say that on the radio, right?
我可以在广播里这么说，对吗？
[UNINTELLIGIBLE] probably would have better to get the one from the other pen that he's not used to.
[无法理解] 可能最好从他不习惯的另一支笔中取出一支。
Fresh blood.
新鲜血液。
Bring him around a little bit so his-- [INTERPOSING VOICES]
带他过来一点，这样他--[插入声音]
For real, the rooster will show off more for a hen that it doesn't know?
真的，公鸡会向母鸡炫耀更多它不知道的东西吗？
Yes.
是的。
If you put a new hen in with him or pen him with a group of new hens, he will really show off.
如果你把一只新母鸡和他放在一起，或者把他和一群新母鸡圈在一起，他就会非常炫耀。
They try this and that, nothing with much success.
他们尝试了这个、那个，但都没有取得多大成功。
And finally, with one shot left, Paul suggests putting a hen into the picture with the rooster.
最后，在还剩最后一个镜头时，保罗建议将一只母鸡和公鸡一起放入画面中。
Get the girl to-- she looks like her feet are so far apart.
让那个女孩——她看起来双脚分开得很远。
She's really struggling to stand.
她真的很难站起来。
That's all right.
没关系。
Oh, did you see that?
哦，你看到了吗？
All right.
好的。
we got it.
我们明白了。
She looked up at him very sweetly, like that, with her head cocked.
她抬起头，非常甜蜜地看着他，就这样。
The male bird was posing, and she was posing also but had a personality of just being like the sweet, doting mother.
雄鸟在摆姿势，她也在摆姿势，但性格就像是一个可爱、溺爱的母亲。
But not standard of perfection.
但不是完美的标准。
So we're done with this background and--
我们已经完成了这个背景并且——
Not standard of perfection.
不是完美的标准。
Even these perfectly bred Cornishes could not achieve standard of perfection today.
即使是这些完美培育的康沃尔犬今天也无法达到完美的标准。
And even in this goofy, un-birdlike situation, an hour of watching them makes clear just how hard it is ever to get birds to hit the standard.
即使在这种愚蠢的、不像鸟类的情况下，观察它们一个小时就可以清楚地看出让鸟类达到标准是多么困难。
Which is to say, not only do we completely dominate every aspect of the lives of chickens, their births, their feed, their eggs, their slaughter.
也就是说，我们不仅完全主宰了鸡生活的方方面面，包括它们的出生、它们的饲料、它们的鸡蛋、它们的屠宰。
Not only have we bred them to human specifications to meet human needs, but we've created a standard of what it means to be chicken that most chickens can never meet.
我们不仅按照人类规格培育它们以满足人类需求，而且还制定了大多数鸡永远无法达到的鸡标准。
That's what the standard means.
这就是标准的意义。
We judge them as chickens, and we find them lacking.
我们把他们视为鸡，我们发现他们缺乏。
If they had the brains to understand this, they would be right to feel indignant.
如果他们有脑子明白这一点，他们感到愤慨也是有道理的。
But of course, this is a city person's perspective.
但当然，这是一个城市人的视角。
And that means it is completely wrongheaded from the point of view of anybody who actually raises birds.
这意味着从任何真正养鸟的人的角度来看，这是完全错误的。
Standing in the cold feed room, I had a long, long talk with George about this.
站在冰冷的饲养室里，我和乔治就这件事进行了很长很长的交谈。
George is 80 years old.
乔治已经80岁了。
He's been raising birds since, I guess, the Calvin Coolidge administration.
我猜，自从卡尔文·柯立芝政府执政以来，他就一直在养鸟。
And he says the whole fun of raising birds is raising them to the standard.
他说饲养鸟类的全部乐趣在于将它们提高到标准。
Well, like for instance, if your birds lack bone.
好吧，例如，如果你的鸟缺乏骨头。
OK, you go out and buy a bird as nearly like them as you can with better bone.
好吧，你出去买一只尽可能像它们、骨头更好的鸟。
But when you mate them together, you might get long-legged birds or too short.
但当你把它们交配在一起时，你可能会得到长腿的鸟或太短的鸟。
I mean you don't get what you want just by mating.
我的意思是，仅仅通过交配你并不能得到你想要的东西。
It takes four, five years to gradually get it up.
需要四、五年的时间才能逐渐起来。
And by that time, they're inbred and you need new ones.
到那时，它们已经近亲繁殖了，你需要新的。
George tells me that when he's breeding a new batch of birds, he'll hatch 65 of them, and only one or two will be anywhere near the standard of perfection.
乔治告诉我，当他培育一批新的鸟时，他会孵化出 65 只，其中只有一两只接近完美标准。
That's how hard it is.
就是这么难。
Do you get frustrated with the standard of perfection sometimes?
有时您是否会对完美的标准感到沮丧？
No, we get frustrated with the judges because every judge has his own idea what the standard should be.
不，我们对法官感到沮丧，因为每个法官都有自己的想法，标准应该是什么。
But I thought that's the whole point of a standard is that the judge doesn't--
但我认为标准的全部要点是法官不会——
That is, but one judge will want it this way, and another another.
也就是说，但是一位法官会希望这样，而另一位法官会希望这样。
Today, if you bred your birds to the standard of protection, weight and everything, and took them to the show, you probably wouldn't get anywhere.
今天，如果你按照保护、体重和一切标准饲养你的鸽子，并把它们带到比赛中，你可能一事无成。
You have to breed to the fads.
你必须迎合时尚。
That's right, the fads, like Cornishes these days are supposed to have shorter legs than the real standard of perfection.
没错，像现在的康沃尔这样的时尚，人们认为腿比真正的完美标准要短。
Vertical tail feathers are out and all sorts of breeds that really should have them.
垂直尾羽已经过时，所有品种都应该拥有它们。
In the country, among the chicken breeders, they think about a lot of things you never get to in the city.
在乡村，养鸡人会思考很多在城市里永远想不到的事情。
And when you're raising these birds, with any of these birds, do you have a close relationship with a bird the way somebody would have with a pet?
当你饲养这些鸟时，与这些鸟中的任何一只一起饲养时，你与鸟的关系是否像某人与宠物的关系一样密切？
I don't have time.
我没有时间。
I have too many things to do.
我有太多的事情要做。
A few years ago, I almost died of cancer.
几年前，我差点死于癌症。
And the good Lord told me how to cure myself, and so I've been working with that a lot the last three years.
仁慈的主告诉我如何治愈自己，所以过去三年我一直在努力解决这个问题。
I've helped people and put it it papers.
我帮助过别人并把它写在纸上。
Now, it's getting all over the United States.
现在，它已经传遍了美国。
What did you do?
你做了什么？
George You use the root of a dandelion.
乔治 你用的是蒲公英的根。
Simple as can be, but there's something in that that builds up your blood and your immune system.
虽然很简单，但其中有一些东西可以增强你的血液和免疫系统。
Wait a a senior.
等等前辈。
You're saying that you were diagnosed with cancer, and this is the only treatment you had, and it cured you?
你是说你被诊断出患有癌症，这是你接受的唯一治疗，并且它治愈了你？
Yeah, and I've given it to to other people when the medical world has told them that there's nothing more they can do.
是的，当医学界告诉其他人他们无能为力时，我就把它告诉了他们。
And they've gotten well too, but not all of them.
他们也康复了，但不是全部。
If they're too far gone, it won't help them.
如果他们走得太远，那对他们没有帮助。
And you make it into tea or something like that?
你把它做成茶或类似的东西吗？
We just put it in a little water, a little milk, Kool-Aid.
我们只是把它放入一点水、一点牛奶、酷爱饮料中。
You can put it on a sandwich, anything that isn't hot.
你可以把它放在三明治上，任何不热的东西上。
George gives me a pamphlet that he's written up.
乔治给了我一本他写的小册子。
No doctor has actually checked him out to prove the cancer is gone from his body.
没有医生真正对他进行过检查以证明癌症已从他体内消失。
He's actually got no hard, scientific proof that this really works, but he says God told him that this is the way he should be spending his time.
他实际上没有确凿的科学证据证明这确实有效，但他说上帝告诉他，这就是他应该度过时间的方式。
And it has cut into his bird breeding a bit.
这也对他的鸟类繁殖造成了一些影响。
George leaves, off on other business.
乔治离开去干别的事了。
Tamara has finished hanging and lighting the next backdrop.
塔玛拉已经完成了下一个背景的悬挂和照明。
And the rest of us begin with the second bird, a bird called a Brahma with elaborately patterned brown and white feather.
我们其他人从第二只鸟开始，一种叫做梵天的鸟，羽毛上有精心设计的棕色和白色图案。
She is a big.
她是个大号。
This is a chicken the size of a dog.
这是一只狗大小的鸡。
Not that big.
没那么大。
A small dog.
一只小狗。
Ira Glass Our second bird demonstrates the great distance between bird instinct and intelligence and the demands of modern fashion photography, which is to say, of civilization.
艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass） 我们的第二只鸟展示了鸟类的本能和智慧与现代时尚摄影（即文明）的要求之间的巨大距离。
Called upon to do human tasks, even rather passive ones, a bird remains a bird.
鸟儿被要求去做人类的任务，即使是相当被动的任务，但它仍然是鸟。
Paul carries the huge hen onto the fragile little set Tamara has built.
保罗把这只巨大的母鸡带到了塔玛拉搭建的脆弱的小布景上。
She's a beauty?
是个美女吗？
What are you eating there buddy?
朋友你在那里吃什么？
Oh, it slapped me.
哦，它打了我一巴掌。
"I'm scared of this one," she says quietly as she adjusts her camera.
“我害怕这个，”她一边调整相机一边轻声说道。
The chicken is so big, nine pounds, the size of a small consumer turkey, that she has to pull the camera back.
这只鸡太大了，有九磅重，相当于一只小火鸡的大小，她不得不把相机拉回来。
Then there are the props.
然后是道具。
She's trying an experiment, putting a little toy horse in the picture with the chicken, a tiny wagon.
她正在尝试一项实验，在照片中放了一匹小玩具马和小鸡，还有一辆小马车。
This does not seem to help things.
这似乎并没有什么帮助。
The Davidsons are looking at her skeptically.
戴维森一家怀疑地看着她。
Paul asks pointedly if she's ever shot a bird this big.
保罗尖锐地问她是否射杀过这么大的鸟。
We have to figure out where the-- [CHICKEN SOUNDS]
我们必须找出--[鸡的声音]
That's the sound of a frightened chicken.
那是鸡受惊的声音。
Imagine this please from the point of view of the chicken.
请从鸡的角度想象一下。
OK, you're surrounded by powerful creatures five times your height.
好吧，你周围都是五倍于你身高的强大生物。
They crowd in at you.
他们向你涌来。
They leer at you.
他们斜视着你。
You are standing on a surface, Tamara's set, where it is impossible to get decent footing.
你正站在塔玛拉的布景上，在那里不可能站稳脚跟。
There is a three foot tall strobe light, a strobe light twice your height, just a wing's length away from your beaky little face.
有一个三英尺高的闪光灯，一个两倍于你高度的闪光灯，距离你的喙状小脸只有一个翅膀的长度。
She just-- Tamara Staples She needs a few minutes just to relax.
她只是——塔玛拉·斯台普斯（Tamara Staples） 她需要几分钟来放松。
Hello bird, are you going to slap me in the face again?
喂鸟，你又要打我的脸吗？
You know why you're here?
你知道你为什么在这里吗？
Let's talk.
我们来谈谈吧。
We need you to be beautiful.
我们需要你变得美丽。
Here's your moment.
这是你的时刻。
OK?
好的？
There are more where you came from, buddy.
还有更多你来自的地方，伙计。
You better act up here.
你最好在这里表现一下。
This combination of coddling and threats might motivate and aspiring supermodel or an eager puppy, but this, after all, is a chicken.
这种溺爱和威胁的结合可能会激励有抱负的超级名模或一只渴望的小狗，但这毕竟是一只鸡。
Forget standard of perfection, this chicken does not even stand up straight.
忘掉完美的标准吧，这只鸡甚至都站不直。
It sags.
它下垂。
It slouches.
它无精打采。
Laura tries to lure it up with a handful of corn.
劳拉试图用一把玉米引诱它。
Is she standing?
她站着吗？
Paul We put corn where she's trying to get it, but she has to stand up high for it.
保罗 我们把玉米放在她想拿到的地方，但她必须挺身而出。
We'd like her to stand up.
我们希望她能站起来。
Tamara Staples Pretty much.
塔玛拉·斯台普斯 差不多。
Somewhere during this ordeal, a funny thing happens.
在这场磨难中的某个地方，发生了一件有趣的事情。
All the Davidsons, who all started off skeptical, they are completely engaged.
所有戴维森一家一开始都持怀疑态度，但现在他们完全投入了。
Dick suggests a pose that is pure art concept, a pose that could not be further from standard of perfection.
迪克提出的姿势是纯粹的艺术概念，距离完美标准再远不过了。
Laura lures the bird with corn.
劳拉用玉米引诱小鸟。
Paul smooths feathers.
保罗抚平羽毛。
Dick and Ella and Gary, two other relatives-- the had all been standing back at the edges of the feed room.
迪克、艾拉和加里，另外两个亲戚——他们都站在饲料室的边缘。
Now, they all lean in right next to Tamara.
现在，他们都靠在塔玛拉身边。
And when the bird quivers or moves a wing, three people jump in to fix it back up.
当鸟儿颤抖或移动翅膀时，三个人就会跳进去将其修复。
There are some feathers on the breast a little bit fluffy.
胸部有一些羽毛，有点蓬松。
She's not real clean down there.
她下面不太干净。
That looks good.
看起来不错。
She's a little farther.
她有点远。
You guys are a great team.
你们是一支很棒的团队。
I'm going to hire you to come with me.
我要雇你跟我一起去。
Oops.
哎呀。
I've got a hand in there.
我有一只手在那里。
That's right.
这是正确的。
Move the hand.
移动一下手。
Move the hand.
移动一下手。
Move the hand.
移动一下手。
OK great.
好的，太好了。
It wasn't until this point that I realized that I came into this expecting the bird to be more-- well, more human, partly, I think, because I had never really thought about this one way or the other.
直到此时，我才意识到，我开始期待这只鸟更加——嗯，更加人性化，我想，部分原因是因为我从来没有真正思考过这一点或另一方。
But partly because Tamara's photos make chickens seem so thoughtful.
但部分原因是塔玛拉的照片让鸡显得如此体贴。
Those photos are a lie.
这些照片是谎言。
Tamara Staples [COAXING CHICKEN] Hello.
Tamara Staples [哄鸡] 你好。
Hey.
嘿。
She's kneeling right now.
她现在就跪着。
She's not standing as well as she could.
她没有尽力站起来。
As the day continues and Tamara shoots other birds, it becomes clear.
随着这一天的继续，塔玛拉射杀了其他鸟类，一切都变得清晰起来。
The glimpse of personality that she's able to capture on film, these are just momentary.
她能够在电影中捕捉到的个性一瞥，这些只是短暂的。
These are fleeting.
这些都是转瞬即逝的。
A bird turns its head for an instant at a certain angle, or a bird squints its eyes at the camera.
一只鸟以某个角度瞬间转动头部，或者一只鸟眯着眼睛看着镜头。
And for a moment, through the camera lens, to a human, it looks like recognizable personality, emotion.
有一瞬间，通过相机镜头，对于人类来说，它看起来像是可识别的个性、情感。
But really, it's just a chicken.
但实际上，它只是一只鸡。
And watching, I think I begin to understand why the people who breed birds have no interest in photos that show chickens' true personalities.
看着看着，我想我开始理解为什么饲养鸟类的人对展示鸡真实个性的照片不感兴趣。
It's because that in their true personalities, chickens are kind of a pain in the ass.
因为鸡的真实性格是令人讨厌的。
I think you're going to have a one-shot opportunity here.
我想你在这里会有一次机会。
It's going to be when I let go.
当我放手的时候就会这样。
[CHICKEN NOISES] Jeez, I didn't even let go.
[鸡叫声]天啊，我什至没有放手。
I just started to let up, and he yanked it right out of my hand.
我刚要放松，他就把它从我手里夺走了。
Fact is, you try to give chickens respect.
事实上，你试图尊重鸡。
You can try to treat them with dignity and photograph them the way you'd photograph anything or anyone that's serious.
您可以尝试以尊严对待他们，并以拍摄严肃的任何事物或任何人的方式拍摄他们。
But the chickens will not care.
但鸡们不会在意。
You can make them look dignified, but it is a brainless, bird-like dignity.
你可以让他们看起来威严，但那是一种无脑的、鸟儿般的威严。
And it is ephemeral?
而且它是短暂的？
Do you feel like your relationship with chickens has changed because of this?
你觉得你和鸡的关系因此而改变了吗？
No, not at all.
不，一点也不。
Ira Glass How could that not be so?
艾拉·格拉斯 (Ira Glass) 怎么可能不是这样呢？
I order the chicken when I'm at the show.
我在演出时点了鸡肉。
I eat it right in front of the chickens.
我就在鸡面前吃它。
You eat chicken while you're standing there with a chicken?
当你和鸡站在一起时你吃鸡吗？
Yes.
是的。
Is it wrong?
是不是错了？
I'm hungry.
我饿了。
Ira Glass Well, no wonder they won't sit still.
艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass）：好吧，难怪他们不会坐以待毙。
We pack up our gear and move the massive wall of hay back into place.
我们收拾好装备，把巨大的干草墙移回原位。
As we do this, chickens hop by, Brahmas, Ameraucana, mixed breeds.
当我们这样做的时候，鸡们跳过去，Brahmas、Ameraucana、混合品种。
They seem utterly uninterested in us.
他们似乎对我们完全不感兴趣。
They cluck at each other.
他们互相咯咯地笑。
There's feed to eat, hay to nestle in.
有饲料可吃，有干草可窝。
They have better things to do with their time.
他们有更有意义的事情要做。
And you know, there's nothing that makes you realize just how inhuman chickens are than spending a day trying to make them seem human.
你知道，没有什么比花一天时间试图让鸡看起来像人更能让你意识到鸡是多么不人道了。
Credits Ira Glass Well, our program was produced today by Alix Spiegel and myself, with Nancy Updike and Julie Snyder, senior editor Paul Tough, contributing editors Jack Hitt, Margie Rockland and consigliere Sarah Vowell.
感谢 Ira Glass 嗯，今天的节目由我和阿利克斯·斯皮格尔、南希·厄普代克和朱莉·斯奈德、高级编辑保罗·托夫、特约编辑杰克·希特、玛吉·罗克兰和顾问莎拉·沃威尔共同制作。
Production help from Rachel Howard and Alex Blumberg.
雷切尔·霍华德 (Rachel Howard) 和亚历克斯·布隆伯格 (Alex Blumberg) 为制作提供帮助。
[ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS]
[致谢]
If you want to buy a tape of this program, call us here at WBEZ in Chicago.
如果您想购买该节目的磁带，请致电我们位于芝加哥的 WBEZ。
That phone number, 312-832-3380.
该电话号码：312-832-3380。
Again, 312-832-3380.
再次拨打 312-832-3380。
Our email address, [email protected] .
我们的电子邮件地址，[电子邮件受保护]。
This American Life is distributed by Public Radio International.
《美国生活》由国际公共广播电台发行。
[FUNDING CREDITS] WBEZ management oversight by Torey Malatia, who has found a perfect way to create a new radio host.
[资金来源] WBEZ 管理由 Torey Malatia 监督，他找到了创建新电台主持人的完美方法。
By sticking in small, painted Styrofoam ball onto a larger painted Styrofoam ball, poking in two map tacks for eyes--
将小的涂漆聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料球粘在一个较大的涂漆聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料球上，戳入两个地图钉作为眼睛——
Oh, you get the idea.
哦，你明白了。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Back next week with more stories of This American Life.
下周我们将带来更多《美国生活》的故事。
(HOST) ANNOUNCER: PRI, Public Radio International.
（主持人）播音员：PRI，国际公共广播电台。
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。