776: I Work Better on Deadline - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #776 | July 29, 2022 776: I Work Better on Deadline Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 776 集 | 2022 年 7 月 29 日 776：我在截止日期前工作得更好 注：《美国生活》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.
如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue: Prologue Ira Glass
序言：序言 艾拉·格拉斯
OK.
好的。
So here's a story you probably heard and a story you have not.
这是一个您可能听过的故事和一个您没有听过的故事。
Remember in 2018 when Hawaiians got that alert on their phones saying that a ballistic missile was inbound, headed for Hawaii, this is not a drill, seek immediate shelter.
还记得 2018 年，夏威夷人在手机上收到警报，说有一枚弹道导弹来袭，正飞向夏威夷，这不是演习，请立即寻求庇护。
People scrambled to find places to hide.
人们争先恐后地寻找藏身之处。
They put their kids in storm drains.
他们把孩子放进雨水沟里。
It seemed completely plausible that a missile was on the way because this was after months of President Trump and North Korea's leader Kim Jong-un threatening each other with nuclear destruction, fire, and fury.
一枚导弹即将来袭似乎是完全合理的，因为这是在特朗普总统和朝鲜领导人金正恩用核毁灭、火灾和愤怒相互威胁几个月之后。
OK, so that is the story you know.
好吧，这就是你所知道的故事。
Here's the one you don't.
这是你不知道的。
When the alert came, I was at my house up on my lawn.
当警报响起时，我正在我家的草坪上。
My first thought was, wow, I'm going to view history and then get wiped off the map.
我的第一个想法是，哇，我要查看历史，然后从地图上消失。
This is Mike McFarland.
这是迈克·麦克法兰。
And he figured he'd be viewing history because his lawn is in a part of Oahu that overlooks Pearl Harbor, which is where he figured the missile was going to land.
他认为他会观看历史，因为他的草坪位于欧胡岛的一部分，可以俯瞰珍珠港，他认为导弹将在那里降落。
There's still an active military base there.
那里仍然有一个活跃的军事基地。
So he grabs his cat to bring her inside, flips on TV and radio.
于是他抓住他的猫带她进去，打开电视和收音机。
The same alert, "Incoming missile," is everywhere, which makes it more real and more terrifying.
同样的警报“导弹来袭”无处不在，这使得它更加真实，也更加可怕。
He props up an iPad at a window and points it at Pearl Harbor to live stream whatever's about to happen, which he admits--
他在窗户上支起一台 iPad，将其指向珍珠港，直播即将发生的一切，他承认这一点——
Like, I'm not rational.
比如说，我不理性。
I just got the news my world was going to end.
我刚刚得知我的世界即将终结的消息。
Now I have about 15 minutes to live, in my mind.
在我看来，现在我的生命只剩下大约 15 分钟了。
And--
还有——
He starts thinking about his life and his grandfather, who died when he was little, and some whiskey of his grandfather's that he still had somewhere.
他开始思考他的生活和他小时候去世的祖父，以及他仍然在某处保存的祖父的一些威士忌。
--grab.
- 抓住。
I found this thing.
我发现了这个东西。
It's been up in the closet.
它一直在衣柜里。
And it's the beautiful bottle.
这是美丽的瓶子。
And I took a big drink.
我喝了一大杯。
And I toasted my grandfather and said, OK, goodbye.
我向祖父敬酒并说，好吧，再见。
This is it.
就是这样。
And then, I read this article once, that how you survive a nuclear blast.
然后，我读过一次这篇文章，讲述如何在核爆炸中生存。
And it just kind of came out of nowhere from the dark reaches of my mind.
它就像是从我心灵的黑暗深处不知从何而来。
It's when the nuclear thing comes, you're supposed to go in a bathtub and cover yourself up with a blanket.
当核事件来临时，你应该走进浴缸，用毯子盖住自己。
So I took my cat in there.
所以我把我的猫带进去了。
I had my phone in there, cover myself up, and just laid there, and just waited.
我把手机放在那里，把自己盖住，躺在那里，等待。
And--
还有——
By the way, and no offense to Mike, going into your bathtub will not protect you from a nuclear blast.
顺便说一句，无意冒犯迈克，进入浴缸并不能保护你免受核爆炸的伤害。
Well, you know, it's funny where your mind goes when you think you just have minutes to live.
嗯，你知道，当你认为自己只剩下几分钟的生命时，你的想法很有趣。
And I think I had the moment that a lot of people think about-- but let me tell you it's different when it happens-- it's like, OK, I'm going to die.
我想我有过很多人都在想的那一刻——但让我告诉你，当它发生时情况会有所不同——就像，好吧，我要死了。
I'm going to die right here.
我就要死在这里了。
And my life just sort of came rushing in front of my eyes.
我的生活就在我眼前匆匆掠过。
It's like, OK, what am I proud of?
就像，好吧，我有什么值得骄傲的？
What am I sorry about?
我有什么对不起的？
And I thought about Lynn.
我想到了林恩。
I thought about the last girlfriend I had.
我想起了我最后一个女朋友。
And it wasn't a pretty breakup.
这并不是一次美好的分手。
And I felt--
我觉得——
They'd broken up maybe six months before this, after a year together.
他们在一起一年后，大约六个月前就分手了。
And I thought, OK, well, I'll just send a text to Lynn and just tell her goodbye and tell her how important she was in my life and love of my life.
我想，好吧，好吧，我就给林恩发一条短信，告诉她再见，告诉她她在我的生活和我的生活中是多么重要。
And so I did.
我也这么做了。
I sent that.
我发送了那个。
The exact words of the text-- "Lynn, I just got word that a nuclear missile on its way to Honolulu.
文本的确切内容是——“林恩，我刚刚得到消息，一枚核导弹正在飞往檀香山的途中。
I'm not sure where you are or if you'll even read this, but I thought of you.
我不确定你在哪里，也不知道你是否会读到这篇文章，但我想到了你。
I wanted to let you know that looking back, you were the love of my life.
我想让你知道，回想起来，你是我一生的挚爱。
If it is, in fact, over in a few minutes, thank you for the time we spent together." Then he lays there and waits.
如果事实上几分钟后就结束了，谢谢你让我们一起度过了这段时光。”然后他躺在那里等待。
Before long-- 38 minutes after the original alert-- he and everybody else learned there's no incoming missile.
不久之后——在最初的警报发出后 38 分钟——他和其他人都得知没有导弹来袭。
And I have this-- I don't know if I can use this word on your station but-- oh, blank moment.
我有这个——我不知道我是否可以在你们的电台上使用这个词，但是——哦，空白的时刻。
It's like, oh, this is really embarrassing.
这就像，哦，这真的很尴尬。
It's like, I'm not dead.
就好像，我还没死。
And I sent this message.
我发送了这条消息。
Lynn would not see this message for hours, because right when the alert came over, she was actually on the runway at Inouye Airport in Honolulu, on a flight headed to California to look at colleges with her son, who saw the first alert on his phone.
林恩在几个小时内都不会看到这条消息，因为当警报响起时，她实际上正在檀香山井上机场的跑道上，乘坐飞往加利福尼亚州的航班，与她的儿子一起查看大学，儿子在手机上看到了第一个警报。
He was terrified saying, my dad is dead, my friends are dead.
他惊恐地说，我爸爸死了，我的朋友也死了。
I'm going to war, Mom.
我要去打仗了，妈妈。
Our country is going to war.
我们的国家即将爆发战争。
This is World War III.
这是第三次世界大战。
Ghost white, his hands were sweaty, and I'm consoling him.
他脸色惨白，手心出汗，我正在安慰他。
But in my mind, as an adult, I'm like, OK, pilots, just-- expletive-- take off.
但在我看来，作为一个成年人，我想，好吧，飞行员，只是——咒骂——起飞。
Just-- expletive- take off.
只是——咒骂——起飞。
Do not listen to air traffic control.
不要听空中交通管制。
Just go.
走吧。
Please, just go, plane.
拜托，走吧，飞机。
It's not till they landed five hours later that Lynn sees Mike's text.
直到五个小时后着陆，林恩才看到迈克的短信。
Today, she remembers just one sentence of that text, the key sentence.
今天，她只记得那段课文中的一句话，关键的一句话。
It said, "You were the love of my life."
它说：“你是我一生的挚爱。”
And what did you think when you saw that?
当你看到这个时你有什么想法？
I think that we ended our relationship, for me, probably a little bit too abruptly.
我认为我们结束关系对我来说可能有点太突然了。
And I felt that perhaps there were more things to explore.
我觉得也许还有更多的东西值得探索。
So she was glad to see it.
所以她看到很高兴。
She wrote him back, "Let's talk." And when Lynn got back to Hawaii, she and Mike met up, hung out a bunch of times to see how it felt.
她回信给他：“我们谈谈吧。”当林恩回到夏威夷后，她和迈克见面了，出去玩了很多次，看看感觉如何。
And then they got back together because of that text, sent from a bathtub, under a blanket, "You were the love of my life."
然后他们又因为那条从浴缸里盖着毯子发来的短信而重归于好：“你是我一生的挚爱。”
Do you think you ever would have said this to her if not for the incoming nuclear attack?
如果不是即将到来的核袭击，你认为你会对她说这句话吗？
Oh, absolutely not.
哦，绝对不是。
Absolutely not.
绝对不是。
At that moment, in that moment, I was truly-- it changed for me.
在那一刻，在那一刻，我真的——它改变了我。
It was nicer this time, being together.
这次在一起的感觉更好。
They were better friends, better at talking through problems.
他们是更好的朋友，更善于讨论问题。
They built a massive garden together, raised nasturtiums and tons of vegetables, took care of animals at an animal rescue place.
他们一起建造了一个巨大的花园，种植了旱金莲和大量的蔬菜，并在动物救助站照顾动物。
But they had their differences, and it didn't last.
但他们之间存在分歧，而且这种分歧并没有持续太久。
After maybe six months, they decided to split up on friendly terms.
大约六个月后，他们决定友好分手。
Lynn says she's glad they tried.
林恩说她很高兴他们尝试过。
I would say I was definitely glad for the chance for us to give it one more shot.
我想说我非常高兴我们有机会再试一次。
Yeah, it's like you got to run the science experiment again just to be sure you got the same result.
是的，这就像你必须再次进行科学实验才能确保得到相同的结果。
[LAUGHS] I suppose.
[笑]我想。
Ira Glass Can I ask you, do you think he ever would have reached out if he didn't think he was going to die in a nuclear attack?
艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass）：我能问你一下，如果他不认为自己会死于核攻击，你认为他会伸出援手吗？
I-- wow.
我——哇。
Hmm.
唔。
I don't know.
我不知道。
But I may have reached out to him.
但我可能已经联系过他了。
But, wow, that's a great question.
但是，哇，这是一个很好的问题。
I actually asked him.
我其实问过他。
Do you want to know what he said?
你想知道他说了什么吗？
Yeah.
是的。
Ira Glass He said, absolutely, he never would have texted you that if he didn't think he was going to die.
艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass）：他说，绝对，如果他不认为自己会死，他绝对不会给你发短信。
Oh, wow.
哦，哇。
OK.
好的。
It makes you wonder if perhaps those words weren't real, "You were the love of my life." I don't think that if someone is the love of your life that you just let it go.
这让你怀疑这句话是否不是真的，“你是我一生的挚爱。”我不认为如果某人是你一生的挚爱，你就不会放手。
So perhaps he just did it in the spur of the moment.
所以也许他只是一时冲动才这么做的。
Mike says no. He says he meant what he said.
迈克说不。他说他是认真的。
It was real.
这是真的。
He just figured they were done before that moment came that accidentally ended up bringing them back together.
他只是认为在那一刻到来之前他们就已经完成了，而那一刻意外地最终让他们重新走到了一起。
It's so interesting to think about, there really is nothing like a deadline.
想想就很有趣，真的没有什么比最后期限更重要的了。
Exactly, and you can miss a deadline and get fired or whatever.
没错，你可能会错过最后期限并被解雇或其他什么。
But this deadline, I was going to die, right?
但这个最后期限，我就要死了，对吗？
I mean, it was the ultimate deadline, I guess, is the best way to say that.
我的意思是，我想这是最终的最后期限，这是最好的说法。
Right?
正确的？
It was the ultimate deadline.
这是最后期限。
And I wish, going forward, there was a way for everybody to plug into that moment where, OK, you've got 15 minutes to truly fix things.
我希望，展望未来，有一种方法可以让每个人都参与到那个时刻，好吧，你有 15 分钟的时间来真正解决问题。
Well, today on our program, people trying to fix things at the very last minute.
好吧，今天在我们的节目中，人们试图在最后一刻解决问题。
It is the way that so many things happen, too many things.
这就是许多事情发生的方式，太多的事情。
Just this week, it seemed like the United States was going to miss one of its very last chances to get anywhere near the 2030 climate goals to hold the Earth's temperature rise at 1.5 degrees Celsius.
就在本周，美国似乎将错过实现 2030 年将地球气温上升控制在 1.5 摄氏度的气候目标的最后机会之一。
And then, not even at the 11th hour-- it was after the clock had run out-- Senator Joe Manchin did a turnaround and agreed to legislation that would cut emissions.
然后，甚至在第 11 个小时——也就是时间耗尽之后——参议员乔·曼钦 (Joe Manchin) 做出了转变，同意了减排立法。
Why is it always like this?
为什么总是这样？
Today on our program, we observe the power of a crushing impeding deadline to focus the mind and lead to action.
今天，在我们的节目中，我们观察到了紧迫的最后期限对于集中思想并采取行动的力量。
From WBEZ Chicago, it's This American Life.
来自芝加哥 WBEZ 的《This American Life》。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Stay with us.
留在我们身边。
Act One, A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Quorum.
第一幕，在前往法定人数的路上发生了一件有趣的事情。
So, a bunch of people in a small town, Croydon, New Hampshire, population 800, wake up one morning not with an imaginary missile heading towards them, but something that felt, I don't know, dire, with a deadline they never saw coming.
因此，在新罕布什尔州克罗伊登一个拥有 800 人口的小镇上，一群人一天早上醒来，发现的不是一枚想象中的导弹正朝他们飞来，而是一种我不知道的可怕感觉，他们从未预见到最后期限的到来。
Sarah Gibson of New Hampshire Public Radio tells what happened.
新罕布什尔州公共广播电台的莎拉·吉布森讲述了发生的事情。
This story starts at a school budget meeting.
这个故事始于一次学校预算会议。
In Croydon, barely anyone goes to these.
在克罗伊登，几乎没有人去这些地方。
Even the local TV guy, who sometimes films town meetings, did not show up this year.
就连有时拍摄城镇会议的当地电视台工作人员今年也没有出现。
So there's not even a recording.
所以连录音都没有。
But I'm going to tell you about it, because what happened that day triggered a very strange series of events.
但我要告诉你这件事，因为那天发生的事情引发了一系列非常奇怪的事件。
The meeting takes place at the Croydon Town Hall, an old, white building with tall windows and a big, drafty room.
会议在克罗伊登市政厅举行，这是一座古老的白色建筑，有高高的窗户和一间通风良好的大房间。
There's an American flag from the 1800s framed on the wall, some built-in pews, and a bunch of folding chairs.
墙上挂着一面 1800 年代的美国国旗，还有一些内置长椅和一堆折叠椅。
Tom Moore walks in.
汤姆·摩尔走了进来。
He's 43 years old, big, red beard, teaches high school math and woodworking, and has three little kids.
他今年 43 岁，身材高大，留着红胡子，教高中数学和木工，有三个孩子。
Tom's been on the Croydon School Board for years.
汤姆多年来一直在克罗伊登学校董事会任职。
But this it's his last day.
但这是他的最后一天。
Doesn't expect anything dramatic to happen.
预计不会发生任何戏剧性的事情。
He'd carved some wooden pens as goodbye gifts for his colleagues on the board.
他雕刻了一些木笔作为送给董事会同事的告别礼物。
And, as I walk in, I register my name and I get handed a pamphlet.
当我走进去时，我登记了我的名字，然后我收到了一本小册子。
And I don't really glance at it.
我并没有真正看它一眼。
He sits down.
他坐下来。
Everything seems normal.
一切看起来都很正常。
One of the townspeople in the audience is Jim Peschke, who knows this is not going to be normal.
观众中的一位镇民是吉姆·佩什克 (Jim Peschke)，他知道这不会是正常现象。
Jim is kind of a budget nerd, obsessed with the school budget.
吉姆是一个预算书呆子，痴迷于学校预算。
It's the town's biggest expense by a lot.
这是该镇最大的开支。
This year, it's $1.7 million, the highest it's ever been.
今年，这一数字为 170 万美元，是有史以来最高的。
And every year, Jim comes in with a proposal to shrink it.
每年，吉姆都会提出缩小规模的建议。
I, in years past, believe I've brought up $20,000 cuts that weren't approved because they were barbaric, in the words of the opponents.
我相信，在过去的几年里，我提出了 20,000 美元的削减，但没有得到批准，因为用反对者的话说，这些削减是野蛮的。
Jim's an electrical engineer, a transplant from the Midwest.
吉姆是一名电气工程师，来自中西部。
He and his wife pride themselves on having homeschooled their kids rather than send them to public school.
他和他的妻子为自己让孩子在家上学而不是送他们去公立学校而感到自豪。
A thing to know about this budget meeting-- it's not just to talk about the proposed school budget.
关于这次预算会议需要了解的一点是——这不仅仅是讨论拟议的学校预算。
The way things work here is that whoever shows up gets to actually vote on what the budget should be.
这里的运作方式是，无论谁出现，都可以实际投票决定预算应该是什么。
This has been the approach in Croydon-- really most of small town New Hampshire-- since the 1800s.
自 1800 年代以来，克罗伊登（实际上是新罕布什尔州小镇的大部分地区）一直采用这种做法。
It's a relic that most people no longer participate in.
这是大多数人不再参与的遗迹。
Today at the town hall attendance is low, about 40 people.
今天市政厅的出席人数很少，大约有 40 人。
The meeting starts and Tom finally looks down at that pamphlet.
会议开始了，汤姆终于低头看了那本小册子。
The title is Budget or Ransom?
标题是预算还是赎金？
And I go, oh, what is this?
我就想，哦，这是什么？
This is crazy.
这太疯狂了。
But as I'm looking at that, people are starting to get really upset about how much we're paying the principal and the superintendent, and about violins and snowshoes.
但当我看到这一点时，人们开始对我们向校长和学监支付的费用以及小提琴和雪鞋感到非常不安。
And there just seems to be a lot of people up in arms.
似乎有很多人都在武装起来。
The snow shoes and violins, paid for entirely with grants.
雪鞋和小提琴完全由赠款支付。
But to some people here, it felt extravagant and wasteful.
但对于这里的一些人来说，这感觉很奢侈和浪费。
It's like, if you wanted to design an instrument that could be easily broken by second and third graders, it would be the violin.
就像，如果你想设计一种可以被二年级和三年级学生轻易损坏的乐器，那一定是小提琴。
This is Ian Underwood.
这是伊恩·安德伍德。
He's the guy who wrote that pamphlet.
他就是写那本小册子的人。
Ian's a member of the Free State Project, a movement of libertarians who, 20 years ago, started to move to New Hampshire with the goal of getting elected to local office and creating a barely-regulated, barely-taxed utopia of sorts.
伊恩是自由州项目的成员，这是一个自由主义者运动，20 年前，他们开始搬到新罕布什尔州，目标是当选当地公职，创建一个几乎不受监管、几乎不征税的乌托邦。
They're becoming a more serious political force with wins across the state.
他们正在成为一支更加严肃的政治力量，并在全州取得胜利。
The majority leader in the House of Representatives, he moved here as a Free-Stater.
作为众议院多数党领袖，他以自由国家身份搬到这里。
Ian has lived here for about 15 years on a dirt road above the Croydon schoolhouse.
伊恩 (Ian) 在克罗伊登 (Croydon) 校舍上方的一条土路上居住了大约 15 年。
He thinks public school is a failure.
他认为公立学校是失败的。
One of the high schools down the road has really low test scores, and every year they ask for more money.
路边的一所高中的考试成绩非常低，而且每年他们要的钱都更多。
So Ian, at the meeting, makes a proposal, something he'd been planning.
因此，伊恩在会议上提出了一项他一直在计划的提案。
I stood up and I said, what we're being presented with is a ransom, not a budget.
我站起来说，我们收到的是赎金，而不是预算。
I think, instead, the town should present them with a budget.
相反，我认为该镇应该向他们提供预算。
You have a certain amount of money and you figure out how to make it work.
你有一定数量的钱，并且你知道如何让它发挥作用。
And so that requires us to pick a number.
所以这需要我们选择一个数字。
Let's change it from $1.7 million to $800,000.
我们将其从 170 万美元更改为 80 万美元。
I move that that be the budget number.
我提议将其作为预算数字。
Ian was proposing cutting the budget by more than half, basically blowing up the system.
伊恩提议将预算削减一半以上，基本上是炸毁整个系统。
Jim, who in the past had been shot down proposing much smaller cuts, knew Ian was going to do this.
吉姆过去曾提出小得多的削减建议，但遭到否决，他知道伊恩会这么做。
And he was ready.
他已经准备好了。
When he made his motion, a bunch of us rushed to second it.
当他提出动议时，我们一群人赶紧附议。
A good four or five people jumped in to second it.
足足有四五个人站出来支持它。
There was an enthusiasm about, yes, let's do this.
大家充满热情，说是的，让我们这样做吧。
Let's have this discussion.
我们来讨论一下这个问题。
Tom Moore, the school board member with the wooden pens who has three kids in school, started to panic.
拿着木笔的学校董事会成员汤姆·摩尔（Tom Moore）有三个孩子在学校，他开始恐慌。
And that's when I started really trying to speak to the audience.
从那时起，我开始真正尝试与观众交谈。
And I pointed out, look, if you cut this down to $800,000, this budget just does not work.
我指出，看，如果你把这个削减到 80 万美元，这个预算就行不通。
And I'm looking around the room, and I'm trying to suss out, OK, how many people here are going to shut this down.
我环顾房间，试图弄清楚，好吧，这里有多少人会关闭这个。
And I'm not seeing too many of them.
我没有看到太多。
And I'm starting to realize, boy, this could go really sideways.
我开始意识到，天哪，事情可能会走向相反的方向。
Tom texts his wife, "Get down here, bring everyone you know." But the vote happens too fast.
汤姆给他的妻子发短信说：“到这里来，带上你认识的每个人。”但投票发生得太快了。
People raise their hands, yay or nay.
人们举手，表示同意或反对。
The moderator counts.
主持人算数。
And the slashed budget passes, 20 to 14.
削减的预算以 20 比 14 的票数获得通过。
The people of Croydon have spoken, the 4% of them who actually came to the meeting.
克罗伊登的人民已经发言，他们中实际参加会议的人占 4%。
Later, someone called a lawyer and a state official to see if there was any way to reverse this and learned the vote was binding.
后来，有人打电话给律师和州官员，看看是否有办法扭转这一局面，并得知投票具有约束力。
He grabbed the bottle of whiskey, poured himself a glass, and he just said, you have no idea what just happened.
他抓起威士忌瓶，给自己倒了一杯，然后说，你不知道刚刚发生了什么。
This is Tom's wife, Jennifer.
这是汤姆的妻子詹妮弗。
Tom's not much of a drinker, so she knew whatever happened was bad.
汤姆不太爱喝酒，所以她知道发生的事情都很糟糕。
And it was pretty bad for them.
这对他们来说非常糟糕。
The new school budget meant that they, and many other parents, could have to start paying to keep their kids in public school.
新的学校预算意味着他们和许多其他家长可能必须开始付费才能让孩子留在公立学校。
And it was a lot of money, potentially up to $9,000 per year, per kid.
这是一笔很大的钱，每个孩子每年可能高达 9,000 美元。
That's because Croydon is so tiny, it doesn't have its own middle and high school, so older kids go to school in nearby, bigger towns.
这是因为克罗伊登很小，没有自己的初中和高中，所以年龄较大的孩子会去附近较大的城镇上学。
And Croydon covers that tuition.
克罗伊登承担了这笔学费。
But with the budget cut so drastically, the town could only afford to pay half the tuition at some of those schools.
但由于预算大幅削减，该镇只能支付其中一些学校一半的学费。
So parents would have to make up the difference.
所以父母必须补足差额。
For Tom and Jennifer, sending their three kids to one of the medium-priced public schools, that'd be about $20,000 a year.
对于汤姆和詹妮弗来说，将他们的三个孩子送到一所中等价格的公立学校，每年大约需要 20,000 美元。
That's money they don't have.
那是他们没有钱。
A lot of families here don't.
这里很多家庭都没有。
Like, we're going to have to look for another place to live, because we're not going to be able to afford sending our kids to school.
就像，我们将不得不寻找另一个地方居住，因为我们无法负担送孩子上学的费用。
I mean--
我的意思是——
And that's a conversation we never thought we would ever have.
这是我们从未想过会进行的对话。
We've never had that-- Sarah Gibson For Tom, this cut felt like a violation of a basic tenet of our democracy.
我们从来没有这样过——莎拉·吉布森（Sarah Gibson） 对于汤姆来说，这次削减感觉像是违反了我们民主的基本原则。
It baffles me.
这让我很困惑。
It just-- I don't understand it.
只是——我不明白。
I don't get it.
我不明白。
I mean, we decided this centuries ago.
我的意思是，我们几个世纪前就决定了。
I mean, we decided ages and ages ago, that this is what we should be doing as a country.
我的意思是，我们很久以前就决定，这就是我们作为一个国家应该做的事情。
We need to provide students with an adequate education through taxation.
我们需要通过税收为学生提供充分的教育。
There were some alternatives to paying to send your kid to public school.
除了付费送孩子去公立学校之外，还有一些其他选择。
The school board said kids could enroll in a learning pod instead, managed by private companies.
学校董事会表示，孩子们可以参加由私营公司管理的学习舱。
It'd be a mix of in-person and online learning.
这将是面对面学习和在线学习的结合。
And it was cheap enough to fit within the slashed budget.
而且它的价格足够便宜，可以适应削减的预算。
Tom says, this would be a crap show.
汤姆说，这将是一场垃圾表演。
His kids didn't do well with online learning during the pandemic.
疫情期间，他的孩子在线学习表现不佳。
They felt distracted and isolated.
他们感到心烦意乱和孤立。
Meanwhile, members of the Free State Project were going online and celebrating, saying, look at Croydon, this is how we slash taxes and transform public education.
与此同时，自由州项目的成员在网上庆祝，说，看看克罗伊登，这就是我们削减税收和改变公共教育的方式。
Croydon parents saw this kind of thing on Facebook and felt like, all of a sudden, their kids were part of some experiment.
克罗伊登的父母在 Facebook 上看到了这种事情，突然觉得他们的孩子成为了某个实验的一部分。
And they were pissed.
他们很生气。
I'm gonna to call this meeting to order at 6:31.
我将在 6:31 召开这次会议。
Here's some tape from a school board meeting, post-budget cut.
这是学校董事会会议的一些录音，预算削减后。
It's a mom talking about her son.
这是一位妈妈在谈论她的儿子。
And he's a senior next year.
明年他就大四了。
And if that's taken away from him after the last two years, I can't handle it.
如果过去两年后他的这种能力被剥夺了，我就无法承受。
I can't do it.
我做不到。
You cannot hurt the kids.
你不能伤害孩子。
That meeting, significantly better attended.
那次会议的出席率明显更高。
These parents had been told the budget cut was binding.
这些父母被告知预算削减具有约束力。
But they thought, there must be some way out of this.
但他们认为，一定有办法解决这个问题。
They started calling around, going down internet rabbit holes, and looking for an escape route because democracies are never as simple as just a bunch of people voting.
他们开始四处打电话，深入互联网兔子洞，寻找逃生路线，因为民主从来不是一群人投票那么简单。
There's always a clause somewhere-- a guardrail for Americans against themselves.
总有一个条款——美国人防范自己的护栏。
And then-- and it's not exactly clear who found it.
然后——目前还不清楚是谁发现了它。
A lot of people say it was this woman Lorraine.
很多人都说是洛林这个女人。
But in any case, parents land on something buried deep in New Hampshire state law.
但无论如何，父母们都会发现新罕布什尔州法律中深藏的一些东西。
RSA 197:2-- it basically says that they can petition to hold a special meeting where the town gets another chance to vote on the school budget.
RSA 197:2——它基本上说他们可以请愿召开一次特别会议，让镇上再次有机会就学校预算进行投票。
But it's a long shot.
但这是一个漫长的过程。
Not only would parents have to win the revote.
父母不仅要赢得投票。
The revote would only count if half of croydon's registered voters show up and cast a ballot.
只有克罗伊登一半的登记选民到场投票，投票才有效。
That's 283 people.
那是283人。
For Tom, who used to be on the Croydon School Board, that number seemed impossible.
对于曾经是克罗伊登学校董事会成员的汤姆来说，这个数字似乎是不可能的。
It's a big number.
这是一个很大的数字。
It's a very small town.
这是一个非常小的城镇。
We've never, ever, ever had that many people show up to vote on something.
我们从来没有、曾经、曾经有这么多人出现对某件事进行投票。
He says the school board was lucky if five or six people came to watch.
他说，如果有五六个人来观看，学校董事会就很幸运。
After I heard about this revote, I decided to stick around Croydon because I really could not tell what would happen, and because this seemed like a test for some big questions a lot of Americans are asking about the future of public schools and our democracy.
在我听说这次投票后，我决定留在克罗伊登，因为我真的不知道会发生什么，而且因为这似乎是对一些重大问题的考验，很多美国人都在询问公立学校和我们民主的未来。
Slashing the school budget to $800,000 would save each household in Croydon an average of $2,000 a year.
将学校预算削减至 80 万美元将使克罗伊登的每个家庭每年平均节省 2,000 美元。
And this town leans conservative, went for Trump.
这个小镇倾向保守，支持特朗普。
A lot of people, they want lower taxes and minimal government.
很多人想要更低的税收和最少的政府。
And the question of the school budget was not going to be decided with PAC money or TV ads, but the old fashioned way-- neighbors talking to neighbors-- people they actually know-- to try to persuade them, one by one.
学校预算的问题不会用政治行动委员会的资金或电视广告来决定，而是用老式的方式——邻居与邻居——他们真正认识的人——交谈，试图一一说服他们。
They needed 283 voters to show up in person.
他们需要 283 名选民亲自到场。
And they had a tight deadline, about 40 days.
他们的截止日期很紧，大约 40 天。
One thing about democracy the founding fathers forgot to tell us-- it can be a real pain in the ass.
关于民主，开国元勋们忘记告诉我们的一件事是——它可能是一件真正令人痛苦的事。
To reverse the budget cut, a group of mostly public school parents put their lives on hold.
为了扭转预算削减的局面，一群主要是公立学校的家长暂停了自己的生活。
The first three weeks were an organizing frenzy-- meetings, constant Facebook messaging.
前三周是一场疯狂的组织活动——会议、持续不断的 Facebook 消息。
They ordered lawn signs and hand-painted bigger ones that they stuck in the back of pickup trucks and put all over town.
他们订购了草坪标牌，并手绘了更大的标牌，并将其贴在皮卡车的后面，并放置在城镇各处。
There were two moms at the center of this, sisters-- twin sisters, actually-- Angi and Amie, who I spent a lot of time with.
这件事的中心有两位妈妈，姐妹们——实际上是双胞胎姐妹——安吉和艾米，我和她们在一起度过了很多时间。
Amie is the one you heard in that town meeting talking about her high school son.
艾米是你在镇会议上听到的那个谈论她高中儿子的人。
A month and a half after the meeting in March, with just one week to go before the revote, Amie and Angi are driving from house to house, trying to convince people to come to the revote.
三月份的会议过去一个半月后，距离重新投票只剩下一周了，艾米和安吉正开车挨家挨户，试图说服人们来参加重新投票。
They've never done a campaign like this before.
他们以前从未开展过这样的活动。
We're bad at this.
我们在这方面做得不好。
They say, we're not registered voters.
他们说，我们不是登记选民。
OK, that's fine.
好吧，没关系。
Angi and Amie grew up in Croydon.
安吉和艾米在克罗伊登长大。
Their car has an American flag tinted on the back window.
他们的车后窗上有一面美国国旗。
They've been well-liked since they were kids.
他们从小就深受人们的喜爱。
In high school, Amie got voted best all-around.
高中时，艾米被评为全能最佳。
Angi-- most sarcastic.
安吉——最讽刺的。
The Freaks, they're called.
他们被称为“怪胎”。
That's their family's last name.
那是他们家人的姓氏。
I kept my name.
我保留了我的名字。
I married.
我结婚了。
My wife Cally took my name-- Freak.
我的妻子凯莉给我取了名字——怪胎。
So we're Freaks.
所以我们是怪胎。
And everybody knows us, and they love it.
每个人都认识我们，而且他们喜欢它。
Everybody knows us.
每个人都认识我们。
Sarah Gibson They go to visit a guy named Brian, whose mom is there.
莎拉·吉布森 他们去拜访一个名叫布莱恩的人，他的妈妈也在那里。
We're going around canvassing, making sure everybody's going.
我们正在四处游说，确保每个人都去。
You're going.
你要走了。
Yes, we're going.
是的，我们要去。
Sarah Gibson So that's one yes.
莎拉·吉布森 所以这是肯定的。
Brian, you're the best.
布莱恩，你是最棒的。
Amie Freak Grandma Edie, you're going next Saturday, right?
艾米怪胎伊迪奶奶，你下周六要去，对吗？
To the meeting?
去开会吗？
I love you.
我爱你。
Two, actually.
实际上是两个。
Angi Beaulieu Is she coming?
安吉·博利厄 她会来吗？
Yes.
是的。
Sarah Gibson But at another house--
莎拉·吉布森 但在另一所房子——
But I have to work.
但我必须工作。
Angi Beaulieu OK.
安吉·博利厄 好的。
OK.
好的。
That's OK.
没关系。
If there was-- Amie Freak I'll call for you.
如果有——Amie Freak，我会打电话给你。
I will call them and say, she is so busy today.
我会给他们打电话说，她今天很忙。
If there was a way that I could vote and not be there, I would.
如果有一种方法可以让我即使不在场也可以投票，我会的。
Yeah.
是的。
Sarah Gibson And then they go to the house of someone they grew up with-- Nick Avery.
莎拉·吉布森 然后他们去了一起长大的人尼克·艾弗里的家。
Their kids went to school together.
他们的孩子一起上学。
We are out chatting with people about coming to the meeting on Saturday.
我们正在外面与人们谈论周六参加会议的事情。
And I know that you guys are up in the air about it.
我知道你们对此还悬而未决。
I'm not up in the air about it.
我对此并没有什么悬念。
I'm not going.
我不去。
OK.
好的。
Can you tell me why?
你能告诉我为什么吗？
Nick Avery It's just my choice.
尼克·艾弗里 这只是我的选择。
OK.
好的。
OK.
好的。
Nick Avery I don't want any hard feelings in this little town.
尼克·艾弗里 我不想在这个小镇上有任何不愉快的感觉。
Yeah.
是的。
OK.
好的。
Amie Freak Do you think-- the vote's going to make hard feelings?
Amie Freak：你认为投票会让人感到不舒服吗？
I still love you.
我依然爱你。
Before they went out door knocking today, Angi and Amie got advice from a professional campaign organizer that if someone says no, just move on.
在今天出门敲门之前，安吉和艾米从专业竞选组织者那里得到了建议，如果有人拒绝，就继续前进。
Reasonable advice-- they ignore it.
合理的建议——他们却忽略了。
I've lived here my whole life.
我一生都住在这里。
So have you guys.
你们也是如此。
Yeah, absolutely.
是的，绝对是。
Amie Freak It's honestly a little disappointing, just because I'm going to have to pay for Caleb for his senior year, you know?
Amie Freak 老实说，这有点令人失望，只是因为我要为 Caleb 支付他高年级的费用，你知道吗？
I get it.
我得到它。
I get it.
我得到它。
Amie Freak I don't think that's fair.
Amie Freak 我认为这不公平。
I'm not saying it's fair.
我并不是说这很公平。
Amie Freak Do you think, because we didn't go vote, we weren't there at the meeting?
Amie Freak 你是否认为，因为我们没有去投票，所以我们就没有出席会议？
That that's why you're--
这就是为什么你——
Oh, yeah, she didn't go.
哦，是的，她没有去。
Amie Freak I didn't go to the meeting.
Amie Freak 我没有去参加会议。
I got my hand slapped.
我的手被打了。
I will never miss another meeting.
我绝不会错过任何一次会议。
I'll tell you what.
我会告诉你什么。
I'll be honest with you.
我会诚实地告诉你。
$1.7 million is way too much for this town.
170 万美元对于这个小镇来说太多了。
Nick starts talking about Croydon's one-room schoolhouse, still in operation, which he and the sisters went to as kids.
尼克开始谈论克罗伊登的单间校舍，该校舍仍在运营，他和姐妹们小时候就去过那里。
He doesn't get why it needs so many more staff and resources these days.
他不明白为什么现在需要更多的员工和资源。
You know, when we were there, we had two rows for first grade, two rows for second grade, and two rows for third grade.
你知道，当我们在那里的时候，一年级有两排，二年级有两排，三年级有两排。
We had a teacher that assigned stuff, and we had--
我们有一位老师布置作业，而且我们——
An aide.
一名助手。
Nick Avery --and aide or two aides to help out with the kids.
尼克·艾弗里（Nick Avery）——还有一个或两个助手来帮助照顾孩子。
Yeah, I remember that.
是的，我记得。
We absolutely did.
我们绝对做到了。
Now, can I--
现在，我可以——
I want to ask you a question.
我想问你一个问题。
So $1.7 is too much.
所以 1.7 美元太多了。
We're operating at $1.5 right now, right?
我们现在的运营价格是 1.5 美元，对吗？
Yep.
是的。
Amie Freak They cannot operate what they're trying to do with $800,000.
Amie Freak 他们无法用 800,000 美元实现他们想要做的事情。
We all know that the state of New Hampshire is not going to allow kids not to go to school.
我们都知道新罕布什尔州不会允许孩子们不上学。
Do you honestly think that, come fall, you're going to have to pay nine grand out of your pocket to send your kid to school?
您是否真的认为，到了秋天，您将不得不自掏腰包支付九块钱来送您的孩子上学？
Yes.
是的。
Nick Avery But it's a public school.
尼克·艾弗里 但这是一所公立学校。
They're not going to turn the kid away.
他们不会把孩子拒之门外。
They're not going to get to the school, and the principal's going to come out and go, sorry, little fellow, you got to go home because you're a Croydon kid.
他们不会去学校，校长会出来走，对不起，小家伙，你必须回家，因为你是克罗伊登的孩子。
I'm pretty sure that if we don't pay, that's what they're going to do.
我很确定如果我们不付钱，他们就会这么做。
Do you want me to find that out for you?
你想让我帮你找出来吗？
Do you want me to call Newport?
你要我给纽波特打电话吗？
I just-- I can't for the life of me believe--
我只是——我这辈子都无法相信——
This is what I'm going to do.
这就是我要做的。
Just so we can continue this conversation, I'm going to call the Department of Revenue tomorrow and speak with a representative there.
为了让我们能够继续这次对话，我明天将致电税务部并与那里的代表交谈。
And I meant to ask them this this past week, actually.
事实上，我上周就想问他们这个问题。
So I'm glad that you brought this up.
所以我很高兴你提出这个问题。
But the other problem is, people around here have watched that budget go up and up and up and up.
但另一个问题是，这里的人们看到预算不断增加。
Right.
正确的。
Nick Avery And nobody's really said much till now.
Nick Avery 到目前为止，还没有人真正说过很多话。
And now everybody's crying wolf.
现在每个人都在喊“狼来了”。
Listen, if they had cut it by $200,000, this would not be happening.
听着，如果他们削减 20 万美元，这种情况就不会发生。
Honestly, a $200,000 cut would not change-- there's a turkey right there.
老实说，削减 20 万美元不会改变——那里有一只火鸡。
[LAUGHS] Did you go out this morning?
[笑]你今天早上出去了吗？
May in New Hampshire is wild turkey hunting season.
新罕布什尔州的五月是野生火鸡狩猎季节。
By the end, the sisters have spent 30 minutes with Nick.
到最后，姐妹俩已经和尼克一起度过了 30 分钟。
It doesn't move them any closer to their magic number of 283 voters.
但这并没有让他们更接近 283 名选民的神奇数字。
But it's something you don't see much these days-- people who don't agree actually talking to each other and listening.
但现在你很少看到这样的事情了——不同意见的人实际上互相交谈和倾听。
And it was nice to hear.
很高兴听到。
Thank you, Nick.
谢谢你，尼克。
Sorry to interrupt your work.
抱歉打扰您的工作。
It's all right.
没关系。
Next time, I'll put you to work.
下次我就安排你去上班。
She said!
她说！
Sarah Gibson By the way, Angi and other parents did talk to neighboring school districts about whether they'd let in Croydon students for half price.
莎拉·吉布森 顺便说一句，安吉和其他家长确实与邻近学区讨论过是否允许克罗伊登学生半价入学。
And they were basically told, no way.
他们基本上被告知，不可能。
Meanwhile, the other side has a way easier campaign ahead of them because the only thing the budget cutters need people to do is nothing-- just skip the meeting.
与此同时，另一方面临着更容易的竞选活动，因为预算削减者需要人们做的唯一一件事就是什么也不做——只是跳过会议。
That way, the revote won't meet quorum, and it won't count.
这样，投票就不会达到法定人数，也不会被计算在内。
To reinforce this message, the man who proposed the budget cut back in March sends out mailers.
为了强化这一信息，三月份提出削减预算的人发出了邮件。
They say, "If you like the budget you have, you can keep it.
他们说：“如果你喜欢现有的预算，你可以保留它。
Just stay home on May 7." Jim Paschke, the budget nerd who'd been trying to cut the budget for years, is feeling pretty confident.
5月7日就待在家里吧。”多年来一直试图削减预算的预算呆子吉姆·帕施克 (Jim Paschke) 感到非常有信心。
I think there's a false narrative that a bunch of kooks voted for this budget, and the whole town is against it.
我认为有一种错误的说法，即一群怪人投票支持这项预算，而整个城镇都反对它。
I don't think that's true.
我不认为这是真的。
And the problem with getting people to go is there's only a handful of people in Croydon who truly benefit from the higher budget.
让人们离开的问题是，克罗伊登只有少数人真正从更高的预算中受益。
The way he sees the math, there are only 80 or so kids in the school district.
在他看来，这个学区只有 80 多个孩子。
So sure, their families will show up to restore the budget.
所以可以肯定的是，他们的家人会出现以恢复预算。
But he doesn't think they'll get enough of their neighbors to join them.
但他认为他们不会有足够多的邻居加入他们的行列。
--the numbers and the updated calling list.
--号码和更新的呼叫列表。
Tomorrow, I know we've got the--
明天，我知道我们有——
It's Wednesday, May 4, three days till the revote.
现在是 5 月 4 日星期三，距离重新投票还有三天。
Some of the parents organizing, who call themselves We Stand Up For Croydon, gather in private-- start tallying up the confirmed numbers.
一些自称为“我们支持克罗伊登”的家长组织私下聚集在一起，开始统计已确认的人数。
They want to know how close they are to 283.
他们想知道自己离 283 有多近。
Zandra, do you want to talk a little bit about our updated list?
Zandra，您想谈谈我们更新后的列表吗？
We look at 275 supporters ID'ed so far-- 236 who can attend.
到目前为止，我们已经核实了 275 名支持者的身份，其中 236 名可以参加。
So that's a big drop off.
所以这是一个很大的下降。
That's terrible.
太可怕了。
Sarah Gibson That's Angi saying it's terrible.
莎拉·吉布森 安吉说这太糟糕了。
They need about 50 more.
他们还需要大约 50 个。
The next day is the final push-- the phone bank.
第二天是最后的冲刺——电话银行。
Can we call Brenda and Roderick and just confirm?
我们可以打电话给布伦达和罗德里克确认一下吗？
I have called, texted, and Facebook messaged Brad with no response.
我给布拉德打电话、发短信、在 Facebook 上发消息，但没有得到回应。
Angi's here in her go-to outfit-- t-shirt, jeans, eyeliner, and mascara.
安吉 (Angi) 穿着她的首选服装——T 恤、牛仔裤、眼线笔和睫毛膏。
There's not good cell phone service in Croydon.
克罗伊登的手机服务不好。
So the volunteers have gone to a nearby town, ordered pizza.
所以志愿者们去了附近的一个小镇，订购了披萨。
They have a big list of names, and they start making calls.
他们有一长串名单，然后开始打电话。
Angi's focused.
安吉全神贯注。
She rubs her temples a lot.
她经常揉太阳穴。
There's a problem with the list of names.
名单有问题。
Well, the tricky thing is we don't know if there's duplicates.
嗯，棘手的是我们不知道是否有重复项。
The majority of volunteers here are-- surprise, surprise-- moms.
令人惊讶的是，这里的大多数志愿者都是妈妈们。
Most have jobs and kids who are currently in school.
大多数人都有工作，孩子目前正在上学。
They've disagreed on some things in the past like mask mandates.
他们过去在一些事情上存在分歧，比如戴口罩的规定。
But when it comes to funding public schools, they're all on the same page.
但在资助公立学校方面，他们的意见是一致的。
Is there any way I might-- Sarah Gibson One of them is Amanda Leslie, mom of two, English teacher, who also grew up here.
我有什么办法可以——莎拉·吉布森（Sarah Gibson） 其中之一是阿曼达·莱斯利（Amanda Leslie），她是两个孩子的母亲，英语老师，也在这里长大。
Usually when she and I talk about the budget cut, she uses a lot of colorful language.
通常当她和我谈论预算削减时，她会使用很多丰富多彩的语言。
But when she gets on the phone, she puts on her teacher hat.
但当她接到电话时，她戴上了老师的帽子。
She calls a family she's known for years.
她给认识多年的家人打电话。
Can I tell you a little bit of new information?
我可以告诉你一些新信息吗？
No?
不？
OK.
好的。
Would Ed be willing to talk with me since he will be there?
既然埃德会在那里，他愿意和我谈谈吗？
Super-- that'd be great.
超级——那就太好了。
Hey, Ed, how are you doing?
嘿，艾德，你好吗？
Good.
好的。
I understand you're going to help out at the meeting on Saturday as a ballot clerk.
我知道你将作为一名选票员在周六的会议上提供帮助。
Can I ask, are you going to also vote while you're there?
我能问一下，你在那里的时候也要去投票吗？
You're not going to vote?
你不打算投票吗？
Oh, I'm so disappointed.
哦，我太失望了。
Right, but even though it's a legal thing-- I hear you.
是的，但即使这是合法的事情——我听到了。
I absolutely hear that.
我绝对听到了。
You know, I was there too.
你知道，我也在那里。
It certainly was legal.
这当然是合法的。
But there is this opportunity within the democratic process to revisit it.
但民主进程中存在重新审视这一问题的机会。
And, I mean, do you think you could tell me that you'll think about it?
而且，我的意思是，你认为你可以告诉我你会考虑一下吗？
OK.
好的。
Well, again, I'm disappointed.
好吧，我再次感到失望。
But thank you for talking with me, Ed.
但谢谢你接受我的采访，艾德。
All right, I'll see you Saturday.
好吧，周六见。
Ugh.
啊。
Break my fricking heart.
伤透我该死的心。
Sarah Gibson My producer, Chris, is with Amanda when she ends the call with Ed.
莎拉·吉布森 当阿曼达结束与艾德的通话时，我的制片人克里斯也在她身边。
Is it easier or harder when you know them?
当你了解他们后，是更容易还是更难？
I think it's more heartbreaking, you know?
我觉得这更令人心碎，你知道吗？
These people that I've known the entire time I've lived in Croydon-- and my in-laws-- they've known them for 40, 50, 60 years, you know?
我住在克罗伊登期间就认识的这些人，还有我的姻亲，他们已经认识 40 年、50 年、60 年了，你知道吗？
And it's just really sad, especially because I know that they're good people.
这真的很悲伤，尤其是因为我知道他们都是好人。
They're not total a-holes, you know?
他们不完全是混蛋，你知道吗？
The guy Amanda was on the phone with-- Ed-- he had concerns I've heard from other people in town.
阿曼达和艾德通电话的那个人，我从城里其他人那里听到了他的担忧。
They don't think the May 7th revote is fair.
他们认为 5 月 7 日的投票不公平。
The town already made its decision in March.
该镇已于三月份做出了决定。
If people wanted to be part of the budget process and ensure their kids' school got funded, why didn't they show up then?
如果人们想参与预算过程并确保他们孩子的学校得到资助，为什么他们当时不出现呢？
May 6th, the evening before the revote.
5月6日，投票前一天晚上。
The parents just finished setting up the space-- a YMCA camp, which is the biggest venue in the area they could find.
父母们刚刚完成了场地的搭建——基督教青年会营地，这是他们能找到的该地区最大的场地。
The Croydon town hall couldn't fit 283 people.
克罗伊登市政厅无法容纳 283 人。
Angi is in the parking lot, headed to her SUV.
安吉在停车场，走向她的SUV。
She has a new concern.
她有了新的担忧。
She just heard that her opponents want to make a presentation before the vote.
她刚刚听说她的对手想在投票前发表演讲。
Wait, so when did you guys find out that Aaron is giving a presentation?
等等，你们什么时候知道 Aaron 正在做演讲？
Today, tonight, here-- just found out.
今天，今晚，在这里——刚刚发现。
The moderator is who let us know.
主持人是让我们知道的人。
This presentation is totally allowed.
这个演示是完全允许的。
But Angi wonders if it's a tactic to run the clock so people will leave before the vote.
但安吉想知道这是否是一种计时策略，以便人们在投票前离开。
Because at what point are you worried that people are going to start leaving?
因为你什么时候担心人们会开始离开？
Probably an hour or an hour and a half in, I think that people will start losing interest.
大概一个小时或一个半小时后，我认为人们会开始失去兴趣。
And, I mean, they have other things to do-- legit other things to do.
而且，我的意思是，他们还有其他事情要做——合法的其他事情要做。
We have people that have funerals in Scutney, Vermont.
我们有人在佛蒙特州斯卡特尼举办葬礼。
We have people that have weddings.
我们有人举办婚礼。
We have people that have college graduation in Keene.
我们有人在基恩大学毕业。
I mean, we can't ask them to sit here for hours and hours.
我的意思是，我们不能让他们坐在这里几个小时。
Angi's also a bit frustrated because some people don't have plans but are like, I don't know if I can find two hours to spare to come.
安吉也有点沮丧，因为有些人没有计划，但会说，我不知道我是否能抽出两个小时来参加。
And Angie feels she and other moms have been working nonstop to save Croydon's public school system.
安吉觉得她和其他妈妈一直在不停地努力拯救克罗伊登的公立学校系统。
Angi's accumulated stress-- it reached a breaking point when she and some volunteers were setting up today.
安吉累积的压力在她和一些志愿者今天布置时达到了临界点。
What did that look like?
那是什么样子的？
Angi Beaulieu No tears.
安吉·博利厄 没有眼泪。
Some frustration-- enough so that people thought I needed a hug.
一些挫败感——足以让人们认为我需要一个拥抱。
Wait, what did you say?
等等，你说什么？
Angi Beaulieu Well, my sister said, what do you need from us right now?
Angi Beaulieu 好吧，我姐姐说，你现在需要我们做什么？
I said, I need everyone to shut the fuck up.
我说，我需要每个人都他妈的闭嘴。
That's what I said, if you want to be frank about it.
这就是我所说的，如果你想坦白的话。
Angi's not sleeping great.
安吉睡得不太好。
I'll send her a text in the middle of the day-- get a response at 3:00 AM the next morning.
我会在中午给她发一条短信，并在第二天凌晨 3:00 收到回复。
Angi tells me she's still feeling optimistic.
安吉告诉我她仍然感到乐观。
But no one knows how tomorrow will play out.
但没有人知道明天会如何发展。
Here's Jennifer, Tom's wife.
这是汤姆的妻子詹妮弗。
She tells me she's not sure it's going to work.
她告诉我她不确定这是否有效。
I think it's going to be so close.
我想它会非常接近。
I think it's going to be within a vote or two.
我认为这将在一两票之内完成。
And that's why we so desperately are reaching out to anyone we can.
这就是为什么我们如此拼命地与任何人接触。
And it could go either way, honestly.
老实说，这两种情况都可能发生。
Her husband Tom feels the same.
她的丈夫汤姆也有同样的感觉。
The other side seems much more relaxed.
另一边则显得轻松多了。
I'm going turkey hunting.
我要去打火鸡。
Sarah Gibson This is Jim Peschke, talking about what he's going to do tomorrow during the revote.
莎拉·吉布森（Sarah Gibson）我是吉姆·佩什克（Jim Peschke），正在谈论他明天在重新投票期间要做什么。
He's come up with a metaphor.
他想出了一个比喻。
I've heard it before at a school board meeting.
我以前在学校董事会会议上听说过。
And if you're not familiar, I'll be sitting there with a call, trying to trick the turkeys into coming towards me under the promise of finding a hen.
如果你不熟悉的话，我会坐在那里打电话，试图在找到母鸡的承诺下诱骗火鸡向我走来。
And I can only speak from theory because I have yet to take one.
我只能从理论上讲，因为我还没有参加过。
I'm a lousy turkey hunter.
我是一个糟糕的火鸡猎人。
But I think we're going to both be coming home empty-handed on the 7th.
但我想我们七号都会空手而归。
Get it?
得到它？
He won't get a turkey, and the parents won't get their big budget back.
他不会得到火鸡，父母也不会拿回他们的大笔预算。
Finally, the day of the vote-- May 7.
最后，投票日——5 月 7 日。
Voters are lined up at the registration table by 8:00 AM.
选民于上午 8:00 前在登记台前排队。
It's cold.
是冷的。
There's no heating in the hall, but there's a fireplace roaring at one end.
大厅里没有暖气，但一端有一个壁炉在熊熊燃烧。
For every democratic process, there are rules and often a public official responsible for enforcing them.
每一个民主进程都有规则，并且通常有一名公职人员负责执行这些规则。
Here, it's the moderator-- a man named Bruce Jasper.
主持人是布鲁斯·贾斯珀 (Bruce Jasper)。
Today is his first time moderating a town meeting.
今天是他第一次主持城镇会议。
And if Angi were hoping this would go quickly, it's not looking good.
如果安吉希望这件事能快点完成，那看起来就不太好了。
So, just a little bit about me-- I was born in Nashua, New Hampshire.
那么，简单介绍一下我——我出生在新罕布什尔州纳舒厄。
I'm the oldest of four children brought up on a poultry farm.
我是在家禽养殖场长大的四个孩子中最大的一个。
My first job was a paper route delivering, the Nashua Telegraph on my bicycle.
我的第一份工作是送报纸，骑着自行车送纳舒厄电报。
To be clear, he's not trying to run down the clock.
需要明确的是，他并不是想拖延时间。
He just seems really into being the moderator.
他似乎真的很想当主持人。
He gives the number of chickens on his childhood farm, the number of people in his graduating high school class.
他给出了他童年农场里的鸡的数量，以及他高中毕业班级的人数。
Currently, I'm a member of the Newport Rotary Club, where I've been secretary for the last 38 years and also on the board of Wags and Wiggles, a dog rescue organization in Newport.
目前，我是纽波特扶轮社的成员，过去 38 年里我一直担任该俱乐部的秘书，同时也是纽波特狗狗救援组织 Wags and Wiggles 的董事会成员。
At first, people figure, maybe Bruce is stalling to give stragglers time to find their seats.
起初，人们认为布鲁斯可能是在拖延时间，以便让掉队的人有时间找到座位。
But pretty soon, it's 9:20 AM.
但很快，就到了上午 9 点 20 分。
And people are getting antsy-- glancing at each other.
人们变得焦躁起来——互相看着对方。
Wait, this is the school budget revote, right?
等等，这是学校预算投票，对吗？
Bruce eventually transitions from his biography to the rules for the proceedings.
布鲁斯最终从他的传记过渡到诉讼规则。
He loves a good rule.
他喜欢良好的规则。
The articles to be considered-- yep, I am.
要考虑的文章——是的，我是。
I am reading all of the rules so that everybody-- I don't know.
我正在阅读所有规则，以便每个人——我不知道。
I mean, if everybody has a copy of the rules and everybody is-- OK, I will stop here.
我的意思是，如果每个人都有一份规则副本并且每个人都——好吧，我就到此为止。
Someone eventually shouts out, move on!
终于有人喊道，继续前进！
Angi and Tom give their presentation, and then--
安吉和汤姆进行演讲，然后——
We have two student speakers that have very brief statements that they would like to make if we can have them come up and as long as no one opposes.
我们有两位学生发言者，他们有非常简短的发言，如果我们可以让他们发言并且没有人反对的话，他们愿意做这些发言。
The request is supposed to come through the moderator, all right?
该请求应该通过主持人提出，好吗？
Again, it's in the rules.
再说一次，这是在规则里的。
And I know everybody said they read it, and they all know them.
我知道每个人都说他们读过这本书，而且他们都认识它们。
Tell me what you need me to do, Bruce.
告诉我你需要我做什么，布鲁斯。
I am asking you to please allow the student speakers to be a part of our presentation.
我请求您允许学生演讲者参与我们的演讲。
The procedure would be to ask the moderator to allow somebody to speak.
程序是请求主持人允许某人发言。
So, Angi, yes, if you're asking me, can we allow the--
所以，安吉，是的，如果你问我，我们可以允许--
Bruce, may I please have a student speaker speak right now during our presentation?
布鲁斯，我可以请一位学生演讲者在我们的演讲中发言吗？
And the answer is, yes, if it's informational.
答案是，是的，如果它是信息性的。
So my ruling is yes.
所以我的裁决是肯定的。
Thank you.
谢谢。
Sarah Gibson The two high schoolers, one after another, deliver their speeches.
莎拉·吉布森 两位高中生相继发表演讲。
Parents had this plan a while ago.
父母不久前就有了这个计划。
Let the kids have their say.
让孩子们发表意见。
It's about their future.
这关系到他们的未来。
But sticking to it is kind of surprising, given how anxious they are about time.
但考虑到他们对时间的焦虑，坚持下去有点令人惊讶。
I find Angi's sister, Amie, near the breakfast buffet.
我在自助早餐附近找到了安吉的妹妹艾米。
I'm preparing to take-- Sarah Gibson Is this going how you had hoped?
我正准备接受——莎拉·吉布森（Sarah Gibson）事情进展如你所希望的那样吗？
--college classes along with advanced literature and pre-calculus.
--大学课程以及高级文学和初级微积分。
Not really.
并不真地。
I already wanted to be in line to vote.
我已经想排队投票了。
What time is it right now?
现在几点了？
Amie Freak 9:35.
艾米怪胎 9:35。
9:35.
9:35。
I play two varsity sports, volleyball and softball--
我参加两项校队运动，排球和垒球——
10:00.
10:00。
Student --again, learning teamwork and dedication.
学生——再次，学习团队合作和奉献精神。
Yes.
是的。
Student And I hope to obtain scholarships--
学生 我希望获得奖学金——
What do' you think is going through Angi's head right now?
你认为安吉现在脑子里在想什么？
Hurry the fuck up.
快点他妈的。
Student --opportunities which this budget cut puts in jeopardy.
学生——这次预算削减使学生的机会陷入危险。
The same thing.
同样的事情。
I love all these kids.
我爱所有这些孩子。
But let's just do this.
但我们就这样做吧。
We all know why we're here.
我们都知道我们为什么在这里。
We don't need a boost.
我们不需要动力。
We all know.
我们都知道。
I implore you to support me in having the same opportunities that many of you had.
我恳求你们支持我，让我拥有和你们许多人一样的机会。
A bit later, the other side-- the people who want to stick with the budget cut-- makes their presentation.
过了一会儿，另一方——那些想要坚持削减预算的人——做了他们的演讲。
It's pretty short-- 15 minutes.
时间很短——15分钟。
Toward the end, people applaud early to try to usher the guy off stage.
接近尾声时，人们早早鼓掌，试图将他带下舞台。
With that, I will wrap up.
至此，我就结束了。
And I do have hard copies of this presentation if anybody wants to help circulate these.
如果有人愿意帮忙分发的话，我有这份演示文稿的硬拷贝。
All right, come on.
好吧，来吧。
Come on.
快点。
Come on.
快点。
Come on.
快点。
I appreciate it, Bruce.
我很感激，布鲁斯。
Sarah Gibson And finally, 70 minutes in, it's time to vote.
莎拉·吉布森 (Sarah Gibson) 最后，70 分钟后，投票时间到了。
People form a long line to put their ballots in the box.
人们排起长队，将选票投入投票箱。
It's the OG Croydon ballot box, by the way-- wooden, from the 1890s.
顺便说一下，这是 OG Croydon 投票箱，木质的，来自 1890 年代。
Angi's standing in shock, taking this all in.
安吉震惊地站着，目睹了这一切。
And guess who she sees?
猜猜她看到了谁？
Nick Avery, the guy who she and Amie spent half an hour talking with during their door knocking.
尼克·艾弗里（Nick Avery），她和艾米在敲门时与他交谈了半个小时。
Yes, Nick and his wife and his daughter, who registered today, are here.
是的，今天登记的尼克和他的妻子和女儿都在这里。
Absolutely not.
绝对不是。
Absolutely not.
绝对不是。
I'm amazed that they came.
我很惊讶他们来了。
I feel like the Grinch.
我感觉自己像格林奇。
My heart has grown three sizes today, Sarah.
今天，我的心变大了三倍，莎拉。
All right, I'm seeing nobody else in line that is ready to vote.
好吧，我看到没有人排队准备投票。
The voting is now closed.
投票现已结束。
The room starts clearing out quick.
房间开始很快清理干净。
Volunteer clerks begin counting votes.
志愿者职员开始计票。
Tom is giddy.
汤姆头晕目眩。
Oh, here we go!
哦，我们开始吧！
Here we go!
开始了！
Easy, Ang.
简单点，安。
Easy, Ang!
轻松，安！
What's up?
这是怎么回事？
Angi comes up to him.
安吉向他走来。
There's a problem.
有问题。
He said we have too many votes.
他说我们的票数太多了。
He said we have too many votes.
他说我们的票数太多了。
What do you mean we have too many votes?
你说我们有太多选票是什么意思？
I don't know.
我不知道。
Melanie What does that mean?
梅兰妮这是什么意思？
I don't know.
我不知道。
Amie Freak That doesn't make any sense.
Amie Freak 这没有任何意义。
The total number of votes appears to be six more than the number of people who checked in at the door and received ballots.
总票数似乎比在门口登记并收到选票的人数多了六张。
Some people start wondering, was it a counting problem or something sneakier?
有些人开始怀疑，这是一个计数问题还是其他更狡猾的问题？
Maybe the other side slipped in some extra ballots to invalidate the vote.
也许对方多投了一些选票，导致投票无效。
Was that their trick?
这是他们的伎俩吗？
Are you fucking kidding me?
你他妈是在开玩笑吗？
I don't want people to think that this isn't legitimate.
我不想让人们认为这是不合法的。
They're going to get on Facebook and say, oh, they cheated.
他们会在 Facebook 上说，哦，他们作弊了。
But I don't know what the moderator is going to rule.
但不知道主持人要裁决什么。
He may rule we have to vote again.
他可能会裁定我们必须再次投票。
And if that's the case, we don't have 283 people here anymore.
如果真是这样的话，我们这里就没有 283 个人了。
In case anyone needed another reminder that democracy is unpredictable, here we are.
如果有人需要再次提醒民主是不可预测的，我们就在这里。
The voters who cast their ballots-- some of them have left.
投票的选民——其中一些已经离开。
And if there's a redo today, it definitely won't make quorum.
如果今天重做，肯定达不到法定人数。
Meanwhile, the moderator, Bruce, is on the phone with someone from the New Hampshire Secretary of State's office.
与此同时，主持人布鲁斯正在与新罕布什尔州国务卿办公室的某人通电话。
Oh my god.
我的天啊。
I think we might have lost it because of this.
我想我们可能因此而失去了它。
And then, finally, Bruce is back at the mic.
最后，布鲁斯回到了麦克风前。
We had a little discrepancy between the number of ballots cast and the number of people that checked in-- voters that checked in.
我们在投票数和签到人数（签到选民）之间存在一些差异。
However, that's now been rectified.
不过，现在这一情况已得到纠正。
So the final vote was 377 yes--
所以最终投票结果是 377 票赞成——
They got what they needed and nearly 100 more.
他们得到了他们需要的东西，还有近 100 件。
Someone just counted wrong the first time.
有人第一次数错了。
It's a landslide.
这是一场山体滑坡。
I take a motion to adjourn.
我提出休会动议。
Woman 1 Mr. Moderator moves to adjourn.
女士 1 主持人先生宣布休会。
Thank you so much.
太感谢了。
Tom Moore Thank you so much!
汤姆摩尔非常感谢你！
Oh my god!
我的天啊！
Thank you so much.
太感谢了。
Sarah Gibson People are hugging and high-fiving.
莎拉·吉布森 人们拥抱并击掌。
Angi reaches out to shake hands with a guy she's known for years.
安吉伸出手来与一位她认识多年的男子握手。
They messed with the wrong town, he tells her.
他告诉她，他们搞错了城镇。
They, meaning the budget cutters and the libertarians who championed this.
他们，指的是预算削减者和拥护这一点的自由主义者。
Just a few of them are here, and they don't look happy.
这里只有几个人，看上去并不高兴。
We called up Jim Peschke, the guy who spent the morning turkey hunting.
我们给吉姆·佩施克打了电话，他整个早上都在打火鸡。
He didn't catch one.
他没有抓住一个。
Here's what he said about the revote.
以下是他对投票的看法。
It was a very well-run, very effective campaign on their part.
对他们来说，这是一次运作良好、非常有效的活动。
I know they did a lot of work.
我知道他们做了很多工作。
And they were able to get their message through, which I found very surprising.
他们能够传达他们的信息，这让我感到非常惊讶。
So he accepts the results even though he doesn't agree with them, which, in 2022, is not always something you can count on.
因此，尽管他不同意结果，但他还是接受了结果，而在 2022 年，这并不总是可以指望的。
And some of the budget cutters-- they're not done.
一些预算削减——他们还没有完成。
They lost the battle this year but aren't abandoning their mission.
他们今年输掉了这场战斗，但并没有放弃自己的使命。
Many parents told me that this scare-- it woke them up.
许多父母告诉我，这种恐惧让他们惊醒了。
They're continuing to organize, run for office, and show up to meetings.
他们继续组织、竞选公职、出席会议。
A few days later, the Croydon School Board met.
几天后，克罗伊登学校董事会召开会议。
A lot of people came out.
很多人都出来了。
And frankly, it was uneventful-- long, tedious.
坦率地说，这一切都很平静——漫长而乏味。
And sitting there, I wondered whether people will keep showing up year after year when there isn't a crisis because, ultimately, how much time are most of us willing to give to democracy?
坐在那里，我想知道，在没有危机的情况下，人们是否会年复一年地出现，因为最终，我们大多数人愿意为民主付出多少时间？
Sarah Gibson of New Hampshire Public Radio-- that story was produced by Chris Benderev.
新罕布什尔州公共广播电台的莎拉·吉布森（Sarah Gibson）——该故事由克里斯·本德列夫（Chris Benderev）制作。
Coming up, murderous snails tear through an island, leaving a trail of carnage.
凶残的蜗牛出现了，撕碎了一座岛屿，留下了一片屠杀痕迹。
That's in a minute from Chicago Public Radio when our program continues.
芝加哥公共广播电台一分钟后我们的节目仍在继续。
It's This American Life-- I'm Ira Glass.
这就是美国生活——我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Today's program, "I Work Better on Deadline"-- stories of how deadlines can release an explosion of energy from people who never would have taken action any other way to fix problems that probably should have been addressed long before.
今天的节目“我在最后期限前工作得更好”——讲述最后期限如何让人们释放出巨大的能量，而这些人永远不会采取任何其他方式来解决可能早就应该解决的问题。
We've arrived at Act Two of our program.
我们已经到了节目的第二幕了。
Act Two, Snail in the Coffin.
第二幕，棺材里的蜗牛。
So I think of myself as a not terribly industrious person who happens to have organized his life around a very unforgiving weekly deadline.
所以我认为自己是一个不太勤奋的人，碰巧是围绕一个非常无情的每周最后期限来安排自己的生活。
And really, only because of the deadline, I'm filled with enough terror to finish stories and get a radio show on the air with a coherent beginning, middle, and ending to it, week after week, with a team of people.
事实上，仅仅因为截止日期，我就充满了足够的恐惧来完成故事并在广播节目中播出一个连贯的开头、中间和结尾，一周又一周，与一群人一起。
Without the deadline, I really would never be anywhere as productive.
如果没有最后期限，我真的永远不会那么高效。
But the stakes of this whole thing are really pretty low, right?
但这整件事的风险真的很低，对吧？
If I and my coworkers don't turn out a new show, so what?
如果我和我的同事不制作新节目，那又怎样？
One less radio episode in the world.
世界上少了一集广播节目。
Nobody suffers.
没有人受苦。
Nothing dies.
没有什么会死。
The world continues as it was.
世界继续保持原来的样子。
Not so for the people in this next story.
对于下一个故事中的人来说并非如此。
David Kestenbaum explains.
大卫·凯斯滕鲍姆解释道。
This is a terrible way to start a story, but it's a fact.
这是一个糟糕的故事开头方式，但这是事实。
I've been kind of obsessed with extinctions recently.
我最近对灭绝有点着迷。
Sure, the dinosaurs because who doesn't like a good asteroid extinction?
当然，恐龙，因为谁不喜欢小行星灭绝呢？
Or maybe it was a comet.
或者也许它是一颗彗星。
There's also the Permian mass extinction, which wiped out over 80% of stuff in the sea-- totally fascinating.
还有二叠纪大灭绝，它消灭了海洋中 80% 以上的生物——这真是令人着迷。
I think I'm interested because of this idea that now we may be living through another mass extinction-- one we are causing.
我想我之所以感兴趣，是因为我们现在可能正在经历另一场大规模灭绝——一场我们正在造成的灭绝。
According to the international organization that tracks this stuff, one in eight bird species are threatened.
根据追踪这一现象的国际组织的数据，八分之一的鸟类受到威胁。
1/5 of all reptiles, 1/4 of all mammals, and plants-- 40% of all plant species could disappear.
所有爬行动物的 1/5、所有哺乳动物的 1/4 以及植物——所有植物物种的 40% 可能会消失。
40%-- it's hard to get your head around that.
40%——你很难理解这一点。
But I sort of feel like I should.
但我觉得我应该这样做。
Even before this, I did this thing.
甚至在此之前，我就做了这件事。
I regularly tried to imagine my parents' deaths, just to be prepared-- and my own death, which is a kind of personal extinction.
我经常尝试想象我父母的死亡，只是为了做好准备——以及我自己的死亡，这是一种个人的灭绝。
It's a way of getting used to the idea of things ending.
这是一种习惯事情结束的想法的方式。
You can also try to imagine the extinction of democracy.
你也可以尝试想象民主的消亡。
See?
看？
It's a fun game.
这是一个有趣的游戏。
This, of course, is an entirely theoretical exercise on my part.
当然，这对我来说完全是理论练习。
But there are people who actually stare into the abyss of it-- of the things facing extinction-- and try to do something.
但有些人实际上凝视着它的深渊——那些面临灭绝的事物——并试图做点什么。
In talking to people, I found this one story I think has never really been told.
在与人们交谈时，我发现了这个我认为从未真正被讲述过的故事。
It's about a snail-- one single species of all these in trouble-- and this chain of really ingenious people who are determined to save it.
这是关于一只蜗牛——所有这些动物中唯一一个陷入困境的物种——以及一群决心拯救它的聪明人的故事。
The story starts with Justin Gerlach, who now is a fellow at Cambridge University.
故事要从贾斯汀·格拉赫开始，他现在是剑桥大学的研究员。
But, in 1992, he was a grad student standing on the island of Raiatea in the middle of the Pacific-- lush tropical place with cliffs-- looking for this snail-- kind of famous in snail circles.
但是，1992 年，他还是一名研究生，站在太平洋中部的若依雅提岛上——一片郁郁葱葱的热带悬崖上——寻找这只蜗牛——在蜗牛圈子里有点出名。
It's fancy name-- partula faba.
它的名字很奇特——蚕豆。
How come?
怎么会？
Justin Gerlach Because it was discovered on Captain Cook's expedition.
贾斯汀·格拉赫 因为它是在库克船长的探险中发现的。
And faba means bean.
蚕豆的意思是豆子。
Did he call it that?
他是这么叫的吗？
Justin Gerlach No. No, he didn't call it anything.
贾斯汀·格拉赫（Justin Gerlach）：不。不，他没有这么称呼它。
Sadly but not surprisingly, he says, Captain Cook never wrote anything in his diaries about the snail.
他说，遗憾的是，但并不奇怪，库克船长的日记中从未写过任何有关蜗牛的内容。
It was named afterward.
后来就这样命名了。
Scientists ended up learning a lot about genetics from partula snails years later.
几年后，科学家们从珍珠螺身上学到了很多遗传学知识。
This one-- particularly kind of dignified as snails go-- about an inch long.
这个——像蜗牛一样特别有尊严——大约一英寸长。
So it's a really nice looking shell.
所以这是一个非常漂亮的外壳。
It's the most beautiful of the partula species-- very nice deep yellow color with a dark tip to the shell.
它是鹬类中最美丽的一种——非常漂亮的深黄色，壳尖呈黑色。
And sometimes, they've got dark bands on them as well-- really handsome snail.
有时，它们身上也有黑色的带子——非常漂亮的蜗牛。
The snail, when Justin got to the island, was in trouble-- because of us.
当贾斯汀到达岛上时，蜗牛遇到了麻烦——因为我们。
Justin told me the story with a kind of professorial calm.
贾斯汀以教授般的冷静向我讲述了这个故事。
He's had a front row seat to species extinction for a while now.
他已经坐在物种灭绝的前排有一段时间了。
What happened, he says, is that, at some point, a different snail had been brought to the island-- the giant African land snail-- basically a garden pest, he says.
他说，发生的事情是，在某个时候，一种不同的蜗牛被带到了岛上——巨大的非洲陆地蜗牛——他说，基本上是一种花园害虫。
It got out of control.
它失去了控制。
And the solution to that problem was to introduce another snail-- a predatory one that people hoped would eat the African land snail.
解决这个问题的办法是引入另一种蜗牛——一种掠食性蜗牛，人们希望它能吃掉非洲蜗牛。
It's kind of crazy that they had one out-of-control control snail, so they introduced a second snail--
他们有一只失控的蜗牛，这有点疯狂，所以他们引入了第二只蜗牛——
Yep.
是的。
David Kestenbaum --to eat the first snail.
大卫·凯斯滕鲍姆——吃掉第一只蜗牛。
Yep.
是的。
David Kestenbaum Maybe you can see where this is going.
David Kestenbaum 也许你能明白事情的发展方向。
The new snail had no interest in this assignment.
新来的蜗牛对这个任务没有兴趣。
Basically, it didn't like the giant African snail.
基本上，它不喜欢非洲巨型蜗牛。
They're too big.
它们太大了。
They're too leathery.
它们太皮革了。
So it doesn't eat them.
所以它不吃它们。
It likes the little forest snails instead.
相反，它喜欢森林里的小蜗牛。
Including Captain Cook's bean snail.
包括库克船长的豆蜗牛。
Climate change, for sure, is putting a lot of species in danger.
毫无疑问，气候变化正在使许多物种面临危险。
But most creatures on the endangered list-- they're there for reasons like this-- much more basic stuff.
但濒临灭绝名单上的大多数生物——它们之所以存在，是因为这样的原因——是更基本的东西。
We cut down some forest to farm or build homes.
我们砍伐一些森林来耕种或建造房屋。
We catch too many fish.
我们抓了太多鱼。
Or we bring some foreign snail to an island.
或者我们把一些外国蜗牛带到岛上。
So Justin's on the island to rescue any survivors he can find.
因此贾斯汀来到岛上是为了营救他能找到的所有幸存者。
He heads out and gets to this one valley where the invading snails had apparently just swept through, maybe a week before.
他出发，到达了这个山谷，入侵的蜗牛显然刚刚席卷过那里，大概是一周前。
And it was just completely littered with hundreds of empty shells.
它只是散落着数百个空壳。
And some of them were still damp from where they'd been eaten by the predatory snails.
其中一些被掠食性蜗牛吃掉的地方仍然潮湿。
He had this thought.
他有这样的想法。
Justin Gerlach Maybe, actually, I've been too late-- just that little bit too late.
贾斯汀·格拉赫：也许，事实上，我已经太晚了——只是太晚了一点点。
Yeah, very much a massacre-- a slow-motion massacre but, nonetheless--
是的，很大程度上是一场屠杀——一场慢动作的屠杀，但是，尽管如此——
That's snails are slow-- joke number one for this story.
那是蜗牛很慢——这个故事的第一个笑话。
There'll be another.
还会有另一个。
How can they be so good at killing every last snail?
他们怎么能如此擅长杀死每一只蜗牛呢？
They're extremely efficient predators.
它们是极其高效的掠食者。
So they're very good at picking up the chemical cues left behind by the slime trails.
所以它们非常擅长捕捉粘液痕迹留下的化学线索。
So they track them down like a bloodhound, essentially.
所以他们本质上就像猎犬一样追踪他们。
And then they're very good, perfectly evolved killing machines, really.
然后它们真的是非常优秀、进化完美的杀人机器。
If it seems hard to imagine how an animal with no arms or hands or claws or talons, whose name is appropriately synonymous with slowness, can kill anything at all, I found a video online.
如果你很难想象一种没有手臂、没有手、没有爪子、没有爪子的动物，它的名字恰好是缓慢的代名词，它如何能够杀死任何东西，我在网上找到了一个视频。
It's gruesome.
太可怕了。
The predatory snail just kind of sucks the other snail out of its shell while it struggles to fight back.
掠夺性的蜗牛只是将另一只蜗牛从壳中吸出来，同时它奋力反击。
Justin does find one-- one bean snail in that valley.
贾斯汀确实在那个山谷里发现了一只豆蜗牛。
He puts it in a plastic container.
他把它放在一个塑料容器里。
And then a piece of luck-- he finds an old vanilla plantation the predatory snails hadn't reached yet.
然后幸运的是——他发现了一个古老的香草种植园，掠夺性蜗牛还没有到达过。
And there are dozens of bean snails.
而且还有几十只豆螺。
You got there just in time.
你来得正是时候。
Justin Gerlach Just in time, yes.
贾斯汀·格拉赫 来得正是时候，是的。
It must have been weeks or months before that valley got eliminated.
那个山谷肯定已经过了几周或几个月才被消除。
And with that, Justin found himself in a remarkable position.
贾斯汀发现自己处于一个非凡的位置。
He had some of the very last of a species that had been around for a million years-- the last on earth.
他拥有一个已经存在了一百万年的最后一个物种——地球上最后一个物种。
After Justin collected the snails, he packed them up and took them on a plane.
贾斯汀收集完蜗牛后，将它们打包并带上飞机。
The snails rode in the overhead bin.
蜗牛爬在头顶行李箱里。
He checked them from time to time.
他不时地检查它们。
The snails that Justin collected, along with some others that had been gathered the previous year, were sent to a handful of places that could care for them.
贾斯汀收集的蜗牛以及前一年收集的其他一些蜗牛被送往少数可以照顾它们的地方。
The plan was simple.
计划很简单。
If you could get them to breed, then you go from tens of snails to hundreds, thousands.
如果你能让它们繁殖，那么你的蜗牛数量就会从数十只增加到数百、数千。
And you could put them back in nature.
你可以把它们放回大自然。
Some of the snails were sent to the Bristol Zoo.
一些蜗牛被送往布里斯托尔动物园。
Visitors would walk right by them-- no idea they were looking at what could be the last of their kind on earth.
游客们会从它们身边走过——不知道他们看到的可能是地球上最后的同类。
Melissa Bushell was one of the keepers in charge of them, in the hopes that their numbers would increase-- and, I have to say, kind of the perfect person to try to pull this thing off-- dedicated, methodical, and, aside from a detour as a bartender, she can trace this career choice way back.
梅丽莎·布谢尔（Melissa Bushell）是负责它们的饲养员之一，希望它们的数量能够增加——而且，我不得不说，她是尝试完成这件事的完美人选——专注、有条理，而且，除了作为调酒师的绕道之外，她可以追溯到很久以前的职业选择。
Melissa recently transitioned, by the way.
顺便说一下，梅丽莎最近变性了。
She asked that we share that.
她要求我们分享这一点。
Yeah, since I was about, maybe-- I don't know-- probably about two or three or four, I just always liked bugs and reptiles and fish and animals that weren't fluffy, basically.
是的，因为我大约，也许——我不知道——大概有两三四只，基本上，我一直喜欢虫子、爬行动物、鱼和不毛茸茸的动物。
So yeah, it's always been a bit of a passion.
所以，是的，这一直是一种热情。
Wait, how come not fluffy?
等等，怎么不蓬松呢？
Melissa Bushell Well, everyone else liked the fluffy things like monkeys and tigers.
梅丽莎·布谢尔：好吧，其他人都喜欢猴子和老虎等毛茸茸的东西。
And I've kind of felt bad for the bugs and the things that people thought were a bit ick.
我对这些错误和人们认为有点恶心的东西感到难过。
So, you know, they needed somebody to like them as well.
所以，你知道，他们也需要有人喜欢他们。
Melissa, usually listening to classical music on the radio, would tend to the snails, feed them twice a week a mixture of porridge oats, trout food pellet, and cuddle bone ground into a powder, change out the sheet of plastic wrap that covers the top of the glass boxes they were in, and see if their numbers would increase.
梅丽莎通常在收音机里听古典音乐，她会照顾蜗牛，每周给它们喂两次燕麦粥、鳟鱼饲料颗粒和磨成粉末的抱骨的混合物，更换覆盖蜗牛所在玻璃盒顶部的保鲜膜，看看它们的数量是否会增加。
Melissa spent a lot of time watching them.
梅丽莎花了很多时间观察他们。
There's a little dance they do when they mate.
他们交配时会跳一段小舞蹈。
What's the dance like?
舞蹈是什么样的？
Melissa Bushell Very slow.
梅丽莎·布谢尔 非常慢。
[LAUGHS]
[笑]
Told you.
告诉过你了。
Melissa Bushell They kind of just end up sort of circling each other.
梅丽莎·布谢尔（Melissa Bushell）：他们最终只是互相绕着圈子。
And I'm sure each species does it slightly differently.
我确信每个物种的做法都略有不同。
But then one of them will sort of climb on next to the other one.
但随后其中一只会爬到另一只旁边。
And then they will touch their necks together because that's where their genitalia is.
然后他们会把脖子碰在一起，因为那是他们的生殖器所在的地方。
And they'll sort of mate that way.
他们会以这种方式交配。
Genitalia is on the neck?
生殖器在脖子上？
Melissa Bushell Yeah.
梅丽莎·布谢尔 是的。
Mm-hmm, that's why I like invertebrates so much.
嗯嗯，这就是我这么喜欢无脊椎动物的原因。
They're just weird but good.
他们只是奇怪但很好。
Then, a few weeks later, a baby would be born-- just the size of a period you might write with a pencil at the end of a sentence.
然后，几周后，一个婴儿就会出生——就像你在句子末尾用铅笔写下的句号一样大小。
So the breeding was working.
所以育种工作正在发挥作用。
But there was a problem.
但有一个问题。
Give me a second.
等一下。
I can tell you exactly how many we had.
我可以准确地告诉你我们有多少。
So when I started, we had 80 of them.
所以当我开始时，我们有 80 个。
We went from 80 at the end of 2010 to 60 in March 2011, 61 in June 2011.
我们从2010年底的80个增加到2011年3月的60个，2011年6月的61个。
September 2011, 52.
2011 年 9 月，52。
The snails were reproducing but not fast enough to replace the ones that were dying.
蜗牛正在繁殖，但速度不够快，无法取代那些正在死去的蜗牛。
No one could figure out why.
没有人能弄清楚其中的原因。
I want to be sure you get a picture of just how much effort and expertise went into this.
我想确保您了解为此付出了多少努力和专业知识。
It was a whole team of people.
这是一整队人。
They did autopsies of each snail when it died, taking them out of their shells, preserving them, slicing them, looking at them under a microscope.
他们对每只死亡的蜗牛进行尸检，将它们从壳中取出，保存，切片，在显微镜下观察。
They even reached out to Justin, who'd rescued the last ones on the island as a grad student.
他们甚至联系了贾斯汀，他在研究生时拯救了岛上最后的人。
Justin, thinking maybe there was a problem with the diet, went back to an old museum collection that had snails preserved from over 100 years ago.
贾斯汀认为饮食可能有问题，于是回到了一个古老的博物馆藏品，那里保存着 100 多年前的蜗牛。
Surprisingly, he found ants in some of their stomachs.
令人惊讶的是，他在一些人的胃里发现了蚂蚁。
But they determined the snails probably weren't feeding on ants.
但他们确定蜗牛可能不以蚂蚁为食。
The snails probably had just eaten fruit that had ants in it.
蜗牛可能刚刚吃了里面有蚂蚁的水果。
No one had any idea what was wrong.
没有人知道出了什么问题。
Their numbers continued to drop without explanation.
他们的人数继续下降，没有任何解释。
Oh.
哦。
Melissa Bushell Yeah.
梅丽莎·布谢尔 是的。
Then June-- 14--
然后六月——14——
Oh.
哦。
Melissa Bushell --and then down to 9 on the 16th of September 2014.
Melissa Bushell——然后在 2014 年 9 月 16 日下降到 9。
And then that's when they went to Edinburgh.
然后他们就去了爱丁堡。
Edinburgh Zoo.
爱丁堡动物园。
If there's anywhere that could save them, it was Edinburgh.
如果有什么地方可以拯救他们，那就是爱丁堡。
If the president were sick, that's where you'd send him, if he were a snail.
如果总统生病了，如果他是一只蜗牛，你就会把他送到那里。
Years before this, Edinburgh Zoo had been sent a single snail-- the very last of its kind in captivity-- just one-- a subspecies called Partula taeniata simulans.
在此之前的几年，爱丁堡动物园收到了一只蜗牛，这是圈养的最后一只蜗牛，只有一只，它是一种名为 Partula taeniata simulans 的亚种。
They kept it alive.
他们让它活着。
And somehow, it was pregnant.
不知怎的，它怀孕了。
It gave birth.
它诞生了。
And soon, there were hundreds and hundreds of them.
很快，他们的数量就达到了数百个。
And they were put back in the wild.
然后他们又被放回野外。
Melissa was full of worry, though-- said, when the last bean snails went up to Edinburgh Zoo in a van, it felt like handing off a grenade that the pin had just been taken out of.
不过，梅丽莎却充满了担忧——她说，当最后一只豆蜗牛乘着面包车前往爱丁堡动物园时，感觉就像递出一枚刚刚取出弹针的手榴弹。
The situation these people were in with the bean snail, where you know you have the last ones in your hands-- it's very rare.
这些人面对豆螺的情况，你知道你手里还有最后的豆螺，这是非常罕见的。
More often, we just don't know if something's going extinct.
更多时候，我们只是不知道某些东西是否正在灭绝。
Usually, scientists suspect something in the wild has disappeared.
通常，科学家怀疑野外的某些东西已经消失。
But there's a long process of searching and surveying to determine, yes, it's really gone.
但经过一个漫长的搜索和调查过程才能确定，是的，它真的消失了。
The standard is, when there's no reasonable doubt, the last individual of a species has died.
标准是，在没有合理怀疑的情况下，一个物种的最后一个个体已经死亡。
This year, six new things were officially designated as extinct-- the Chinese paddlefish, three Moroccan freshwater fish, a tree from Asia, and a fly from the UK, last seen in 1907.
今年，六种新生物被正式认定为灭绝——中国白鲟、三种摩洛哥淡水鱼、一棵来自亚洲的树，以及一种来自英国的苍蝇（最后一次出现是在 1907 年）。
But they weren't there yet with the bean snail.
但他们还没有和豆螺一起到达那里。
The nine remaining snails arrived at Edinburgh Zoo.
剩下的九只蜗牛抵达爱丁堡动物园。
The snails were not put on display but were kept instead in a quiet room-- an old coal shed, actually, where that other single snail had come back from the brink.
这些蜗牛没有被展示，而是被保存在一个安静的房间里——实际上是一个旧煤棚，另一只蜗牛就是从悬崖边回来的。
Ross Poulter, who helped take care of them, told me he thinks the light there is perfectly dim, like it would be in the forest.
帮助照顾它们的罗斯·保尔特告诉我，他认为那里的光线非常暗，就像在森林里一样。
He said he felt a kind of awe being in there with them.
他说，和他们在一起，他感到一种敬畏。
You know, you can be in that room on your own, looking after these snails.
你知道，你可以独自在那个房间里照顾这些蜗牛。
And you peel back the cling film on the lid to reach in, and you're actually feeding the last individuals.
当你揭开盖子上的保鲜膜并伸手进去时，你实际上正在喂最后的个体。
That's it.
就是这样。
He wondered, what would it be like if you had the last elephant?
他想知道，如果你拥有最后一头大象，会是什么样子？
Within a year, eight of the snails had died, which meant they were down to one snail-- the last bean snail.
一年之内，八只蜗牛死了，这意味着只剩下一只蜗牛——最后一只豆螺。
Some snails can reproduce without a mate-- basically impregnate themselves.
有些蜗牛可以在没有配偶的情况下繁殖——基本上是让自己受孕。
Every time he went in there, Ross would check to see if there was a baby.
每次进去，罗斯都会检查一下是否有婴儿。
A month went by-- this one snail just doing its thing-- no baby.
一个月过去了——这只蜗牛只是在做它的事情——没有宝宝。
Two months, three months, six months.
两个月，三个月，六个月。
I remember when I went in there to do my morning checks, and it was quite clearly dead.
我记得当我早上去那里检查时，它显然已经死了。
And I do remember just standing there looking at it, thinking, it's actually very sad, you know?
我确实记得我站在那里看着它，心想，这实际上非常悲伤，你知道吗？
It was quite thought provoking.
这是相当发人深省的。
He thought about how the famous British explorer, Captain James Cook, had been there at the beginning.
他想起英国著名探险家詹姆斯·库克船长当初是如何来到这里的。
And now, at the other end, him, Ross Poulter, looking at the last one.
现在，在另一端，他，罗斯·保尔特，看着最后一个。
So you have all those kind of thoughts.
所以你有所有这些想法。
And I was in there on my own.
我独自一人在那里。
And nobody else at that moment knew about it.
当时没有其他人知道这件事。
I still remember vividly the day that they brought that last snail up in a little alcohol tube to preserve it for posterity.
我仍然清楚地记得那天，他们把最后一只蜗牛放在一个小酒精管里，为子孙后代保存。
And just everyone was heartbroken.
只是每个人都心碎了。
This is Jo Elliott, who was overseeing things.
这是乔·埃利奥特（Jo Elliott），他负责监督事情。
I mean, at the time, you get on with it.
我的意思是，到了那个时候，你就继续做下去。
You're professional.
你很专业。
You deal with it.
你来处理它。
But that snail-- I kept it on my desk for a long time as a reminder of what it is we're trying to do and what we're trying to avoid.
但是那只蜗牛——我把它放在我的桌子上很长一段时间，以提醒我们我们正在努力做什么以及我们正在努力避免什么。
Was that the first thing you'd worked with that you'd actually watched to go extinct?
这是你接触过的第一个你亲眼目睹它灭绝的东西吗？
Yep that's the only thing I've worked with that I've seen go extinct in that way.
是的，这是我所研究过的唯一一种以这种方式灭绝的东西。
It's quite a life-changing experience.
这是一次彻底改变生活的经历。
Yeah, I feel like, you know, it says something about our species that we're in this position in the first place.
是的，我觉得，你知道，这说明了我们物种的一些情况，我们首先处于这个位置。
Yeah, absolutely, because this was an entirely man-made situation.
是的，绝对的，因为这完全是人为的情况。
But it also says something that there are so many people trying so hard to keep them alive.
但这也说明了有很多人正在努力让他们活下去。
Absolutely.
绝对地。
Yeah.
是的。
Yeah, both sides of the coin.
是的，硬币的两面。
As far as I can tell, the end of the snail that had been around for a million years-- other than a handful of people, nobody noticed-- no stories in the papers or online.
据我所知，已经存在了一百万年的蜗牛的结局——除了少数人之外，没有人注意到——报纸或网上没有任何故事。
I'd wanted to know what it was like to come face to face with extinction.
我想知道面对灭绝是什么感觉。
Ross knew.
罗斯知道。
When the last one died, Ross was the one who put it in the glass jar.
当最后一只死后，罗斯将其放入玻璃罐中。
It's his neat handwriting on the side that says, P Faba, for partula faba.
侧面是他工整的笔迹，写着：P Faba，代表蚕豆。
Last known individual, he wrote.
他写道，最后一个为人所知的人。
I asked if he'd managed to absorb what had happened.
我问他是否已经消化了所发生的事情。
He said, I don't know how to answer that.
他说，我不知道该怎么回答。
Even when you see it up close, it's hard to understand.
即使近距离观察，也很难理解。
It's too big.
它太大了。
It's not on our time scale at all.
这根本不在我们的时间范围内。
You'd have to somehow be able to imagine snails being born one generation after another for, like, a million years and then it stopping-- in Ross' case, on some Sunday at the office before your very eyes.
你必须以某种方式能够想象蜗牛一代又一代地诞生，大约一百万年，然后它就停止了——以罗斯为例，在某个周日的办公室里，你就在你眼前。
What are you supposed to do after that?
之后你应该做什么？
We're so used to stories about people on deadline facing one last chance to save things and figuring out some way at the last moment.
我们已经习惯了这样的故事：人们在最后期限前面临最后一次拯救的机会，并在最后一刻想出一些办法。
But I think the truth is when you get to the point where things are so desperate, they are down to one last chance, it's rarely a good one.
但我认为事实是，当事情发展到如此绝望的地步时，他们就只剩下最后一次机会了，这很少是一个好机会。
I know.
我知道。
That's a terrible way to end a story.
以这种方式结束一个故事真是太糟糕了。
But it's a fact.
但这是事实。
David Kestenbaum is our show's Senior Editor.
大卫·凯斯滕鲍姆是我们节目的高级编辑。
Well, our program was produced by Sean Cole.
嗯，我们的节目是肖恩·科尔制作的。
The people who put together today's program include Elna Baker, Michael Comite, Valerie Kipnis, Miki Meek, Katherine Rae Mondo, Michelle Navarro, Stowe Nelson, Nadia Reiman, Ryan Rumery, Charlotte Sleeper, Frances Swanson, Christopher Swetala, Matt Tierney, and Diane Wu.
今天节目的制作人包括 Elna Baker、Michael Comite、Valerie Kipnis、Miki Meek、Katherine Rae Mondo、Michelle Navarro、Stowe Nelson、Nadia Reiman、Ryan Rumery、Charlotte Sleeper、Frances Swanson、Christopher Swetala、Matt Tierney 和 Diane Wu。
Our Managing Editor is Sarah Abdurrahman.
我们的总编辑是萨拉·阿卜杜拉赫曼 (Sarah Abdurrahman)。
Our Executive Editor is Emanuele Berry.
我们的执行编辑是埃马努埃莱·贝里。
Special thanks today to Maria Hollenhorst, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Justine Paradis, Jack Rodolico, Katie Colaneri, Ed Spiker, Dan Barrick, Maureen McMurray, Stephen Andersen, Susan Solomon, Robert Watson, Joseph Steed, and Jim Baker.
今天特别感谢 Maria Hollenhorst、Craig Hilton-Taylor、Justine Paradis、Jack Rodolico、Katie Colaneri、Ed Spiker、Dan Barrick、Maureen McMurray、Stephen Andersen、Susan Solomon、Robert Watson、Joseph Steed 和 Jim Baker。
Our website is thisamericanlife.org, where you can stream our archive of over 750 episodes for absolutely free.
我们的网站是 thisamericanlife.org，您可以在这里完全免费地观看我们的 750 多集档案。
Also, there are videos.
另外，还有视频。
There are lists of favorite shows if you're looking for something to listen to and tons of other stuff there.
如果您正在寻找可听的内容，这里有您最喜欢的节目列表以及大量其他内容。
Again, thisamericanlife.org.
再说一次，thisamericanlife.org。
This American Life is delivered to public radio stations by PRX, the Public Radio Exchange.
《美国生活》由公共广播电台 PRX 向公共广播电台播出。
Thanks, as always, to our program's co-founder, Mr. Torey Malatia.
一如既往地感谢我们项目的联合创始人 Torey Malatia 先生。
You know, we were at the car rental place the other day.
你知道，前几天我们在汽车租赁处。
We waited in line forever.
我们一直在排队等待。
The rental people were so rude.
出租的人太粗鲁了。
Finally, Torey just lost it.
最后，托雷输了。
He said, we're going somewhere else-- Avis, Enterprise, Hertz-- anyplace but this place.
他说，我们要去别的地方——安飞士、企业、赫兹——除了这个地方以外的任何地方。
I'm Ira Glass, back next week with more stories of This American Life.
我是艾拉·格拉斯，下周回来，带来更多《美国生活》的故事。
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。