735: Bloody Feelings - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #735 | April 9, 2021 735: Bloody Feelings Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 735 集 | 2021 年 4 月 9 日 735：血腥的感觉 注：《美国生活》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
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如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue: Prologue Ira Glass Mitchell was in his 20s when he learned that his mom was getting on a bus or train twice a week and going to a place that would stick a needle in her arm and take a pint of blood.
序言：序言 艾拉·格拉斯·米切尔 (Ira Glass Mitchell) 20 多岁时，得知他的妈妈每周两次乘坐公共汽车或火车，前往一个需要在她手臂上扎针并采一品脱血的地方。
And they would keep the plasma and give her back everything else and pay her $25 or $35 per pint.
他们会保留血浆，把其他东西还给她，并支付她每品脱 25 或 35 美元。
Again, she'd do this twice a week because she needed the cash.
同样，她每周都会这样做两次，因为她需要现金。
And of course, that is not the kind of thing anybody wants to hear their mom has to do.
当然，这不是任何人都想听到他们的妈妈必须做的事情。
And it took him a few years, but soon as he had the money to step in and help her out, Mitchell told his mom, don't do it anymore.
他花了几年的时间，但当他有钱介入并帮助她摆脱困境时，米切尔告诉他的妈妈，不要再这样做了。
You know, I'll just give you the money.
你知道，我只会给你钱。
And she turned him down.
她拒绝了他。
You know, like, don't worry about it.
你知道，就像，不用担心。
I don't need you to jump in.
我不需要你跳进去。
I'll take care of myself.
我会照顾好自己的。
Even if it's hubris, at least I'm not asking you for anything.
即使我很傲慢，至少我不会向你索要任何东西。
She loves that saying-- what does she say?
她喜欢这句话——她说什么？
"We do for today what we can't do for forever."
“我们只为今天做一些我们无法永远做的事情。”
What's that mean?
那是什么意思？
Mitchell It's, I guess, a personal proverb that she uses to trick herself into enduring a crucible.
米切尔：我想，这是她用来欺骗自己忍受严酷考验的个人谚语。
You know?
你知道？
I can do it today.
我今天就能做到。
What made this especially hard was Mitchell was in New York.
让这件事变得尤其困难的是米切尔在纽约。
His mom was on the other side of the country in Oregon, where he grew up.
他的妈妈在美国另一边的俄勒冈州，他在那里长大。
And he'd call sometimes, and her phone would be turned off.
有时他打电话给她，她的电话就会关机。
And he would have to reach out to his brothers to find out what was happening and if she needed help and then organize the help.
他必须联系他的兄弟们，了解发生了什么事，以及她是否需要帮助，然后组织帮助。
But talking to her about the blood donations-- and they had a bunch of conversations about it-- led Mitchell to learn everything about it, about the multibillion dollar companies that buy plasma from people like his mom, about the Black doctor, Charles Drew, who invented a way of separating plasma from blood and set up some of America's first blood banks at the start of World War II.
但与她谈论献血——他们就此进行了很多对话——让米切尔了解了有关献血的一切，了解了从像他妈妈这样的人那里购买血浆的价值数十亿美元的公司，了解了黑人医生查尔斯·德鲁，他发明了一种从血液中分离血浆的方法，并在第二次世界大战开始时建立了美国第一个血库。
And because we were still in Jim Crow, they would not let Black people donate blood.
因为我们还在种族隔离时期，他们不会让黑人献血。
Like, how symbolic is that that the Black guy that invents this process that helps these hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of people can't even donate blood?
就像，发明这个帮助数十万甚至数百万人民的黑人甚至不能献血有多大象征意义？
Mitchell is a writer.
米切尔是一位作家。
He's been on our show before-- Mitchell S.
他以前参加过我们的节目——米切尔·S.
Jackson.
杰克逊.
And he's written about these conversations with his mom and the places that they led him to.
他写下了与他母亲的这些对话以及他们带他去的地方。
Like, for instance, one day, he got her talking about blood and patriotism.
比如说，有一天，他让她谈论血统和爱国主义。
His mom's take on patriotism, by the way, is that anybody who says my country right or wrong, no matter what ugly thing happens here, is basically just like a mom, who sees the best in her kid no matter what terrible thing they do.
顺便说一句，他妈妈对爱国主义的看法是，任何说我的国家是对还是错的人，无论这里发生了什么丑陋的事情，基本上就像一个妈妈一样，无论孩子做了什么可怕的事情，她都会看到孩子最好的一面。
Anyway, during that conversation, she surprised Mitchell by describing her blood donations as the most patriotic thing she does, even though she does it for the money.
不管怎样，在那次谈话中，让米切尔感到惊讶的是，她将献血描述为她所做的最爱国的事情，尽管她这样做是为了钱。
I guess if we kind of think about patriotism in its best light, it's looking out for the next person.
我想如果我们从最好的角度思考爱国主义，那就是寻找下一个人。
She was just thinking, I'm giving a part of me which is sacred to benefit someone else.
她只是在想，我正在奉献自己神圣的一部分来造福他人。
But I think it's also, too, my mother is one of those people.
但我认为我的母亲也是其中之一。
She really is the mother who will do anything.
她真的是一个什么事情都会做的母亲。
She's the mother that has, like, $100 in her account to last her the month.
她是一位母亲，她的账户里有大约 100 美元可以维持这个月的生活。
And my brother doesn't have food in his refrigerator, and she gives him 80.
我弟弟的冰箱里没有食物，她给了他 80 块。
And this is not a hypothetical.
这不是一个假设。
This is a literal.
这是字面意思。
So this is another way of giving.
所以这是另一种给予的方式。
Mitchell, as you talk about it, I just feel so struck with all the things that are bundled up in those little pints of plasma.
米切尔，当你谈论它时，我对那些小品脱等离子体中捆绑的所有东西感到非常震惊。
When you tell this story, it's simultaneously your feeling of protectiveness about her and how she's doing, and is she doing OK, and her wanting to be independent of you and her also feeling like she's taking care of other people and also getting money she needs.
当你讲述这个故事时，你会同时感受到你对她的保护感，以及她的表现，她过得好吗，她想要独立于你，她也感觉她在照顾其他人，也能得到她需要的钱。
And also, it's blood, this physical thing that's all compressed in this little plastic bag, you know?
而且，它是血液，这种物理的东西都被压缩在这个小塑料袋里，你知道吗？
I think it's always that way, maybe because blood is so fundamental, keeping us alive.
我想事情总是如此，也许是因为血液是我们赖以生存的基础。
It's something we all share, part of our insides that we all have actually seen with the urgent color of a stop sign.
这是我们所有人共有的东西，是我们内心的一部分，我们都亲眼目睹了停车标志的紧急颜色。
It takes on so many other meanings in ways that other things in our body do not.
它具有许多其他含义，而我们身体中的其他事物却没有。
There's blood ties and blood feuds and bad blood between people and the blood of the lamb, and Jesus's blood turned to wine.
人和羔羊的血之间存在着血缘关系、血仇和仇恨，而耶稣的血变成了酒。
There's the idea of people who are cold-blooded, people who are hot-blooded, and the now discredited notion of how much of this group's blood or that group's blood you have running through your veins.
有的人是冷血的，有的人是热血的，还有一种现在已经不可信的观念，即你的血管里流淌着多少这个群体的血液或那个群体的血液。
Today, on our program, we dive into all kinds of stories about blood.
今天，在我们的节目中，我们深入探讨各种有关血液的故事。
Picture please, if you will, right now, you know those elevator doors from The Shining opening up a sea of blood pouring out right here on the radio?
请想象一下，如果你愿意的话，现在，你知道《闪灵》中的那些电梯门打开了收音机里的血海吗？
But don't touch that dial.
但不要碰那个转盘。
There is so much to say.
有很多话要说。
From WBEZ Chicago, it's This American Life.
来自芝加哥 WBEZ 的《This American Life》。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Bloody stay with us.
该死的留在我们身边。
Act One, Started From Phle-Bottom, Now We're Here.
第一幕，从 Phle-Bottom 开始，现在我们到了。
So we begin today with a story about literal, actual blood and this joke-- and by the way, hello to all the seven-year-olds in our audience-- why did the nurse bring a red pen to work?
所以我们今天从一个关于真实的血和这个笑话的故事开始——顺便问一下，我们观众中所有七岁的孩子们，你们好——护士为什么带一支红笔去上班？
In case she had to draw blood.
以防万一她必须抽血。
OK, anyway, somebody wrote into our show last summer saying they had a story to tell about being a phlebotomist, a person whose job it is to draw blood for lab tests or donations-- using, by the way, a needle, not a red pen.
好吧，无论如何，去年夏天有人在我们的节目中写信说他们有一个关于抽血医生的故事，这个人的工作是抽血进行实验室测试或捐赠——顺便说一下，使用的是针头，而不是红笔。
Her name is Adele Levine.
她的名字叫阿黛尔·莱文。
And she said she was the worst phlebotomist in her whole hospital.
她说她是整个医院最差的抽血医生。
One of our producers, Diane Wu, found that intriguing, naturally called her up, and it turns out she is a perfectly fine phlebotomist.
我们的一位制片人黛安·吴（Diane Wu）发现这很有趣，自然地给她打电话，事实证明她是一位非常优秀的抽血医生。
But she did get thrown into the job from a different job without a lot of preparation in some of the most extreme circumstances imaginable-- a total fish out of water.
但她确实在没有做太多准备的情况下，在一些可以想象到的最极端的情况下从另一份工作被扔到了这份工作——完全是鱼离开了水。
Here's Diane.
这是黛安。
I liked talking to Adele about drawing blood because as a newbie, she saw everything with beginner's eyes.
我喜欢和阿黛尔谈论抽血，因为作为一个新手，她以初学者的眼光看待一切。
She was so into it.
她太着迷了。
She talked about veins in this way that I'd never heard before-- just ardently.
她以我以前从未听过的方式谈论静脉——非常热情。
You have to test the vein, and it should feel bouncy.
你必须测试静脉，它应该感觉有弹性。
Like, you test it by touching it with your finger?
比如，你用手指触摸它来测试它吗？
Yeah, I would touch it, and it should sort of bounce.
是的，我会触摸它，它应该会弹起来。
So now I'm always bouncing veins, my own veins.
所以现在我的血管总是在跳动，我自己的血管。
Wait, now I want to try.
等等，现在我想尝试一下。
Adele Levine Oh, do it on the back of your hand.
Adele Levine 哦，在你的手背上做。
OK.
好的。
Adele Levine Yeah, the veins in the front of the wrist are not for us.
阿黛尔·莱文（Adele Levine）是的，手腕前面的静脉不适合我们。
How come?
怎么会？
Adele Levine I don't know.
阿黛尔·莱文 我不知道。
I didn't go to phlebotomy school.
我没有去静脉放血学校。
They just told me, that's not for us.
他们只是告诉我，那不适合我们。
Adele didn't ever study phlebotomy because she's actually a physical therapist.
阿黛尔从未学习过放血术，因为她实际上是一名物理治疗师。
She had no plans to ever be sticking people with needles and drawing their blood.
她不打算用针扎人并抽血。
But when COVID hit last spring, the hospital she worked at cancelled all of her physical therapy appointments and started assigning people to new jobs.
但当去年春天新冠疫情袭来时，她工作的医院取消了她所有的物理治疗预约，并开始给人们分配新的工作。
I really wanted to work on the loading dock.
我真的很想在装卸码头工作。
That was what I really wanted to do.
这就是我真正想做的事情。
I wanted to drive one of those big things around and lift pallets of supplies.
我想开着一辆这样的大车四处走动，举起一托盘的物资。
But they didn't need her there.
但他们不需要她在那里。
She ended up in phlebotomy, one of the departments of the hospital whose work didn't slow down, and became a total newbie drafted to draw blood for the very first time in the middle of a pandemic.
她最终进入了放血科，这是医院工作并没有放缓的科室之一，她成为了一名在大流行期间第一次被征召去抽血的新手。
By the way, she didn't want us to name her hospital because they didn't give her permission to do an interview.
顺便说一句，她不希望我们透露她所在医院的名称，因为他们不允许她接受采访。
Adele spent her first few days following different phlebotomists around the hospital, watching closely as they worked.
阿黛尔在最初的几天里一直在跟踪医院里不同的抽血医生，密切观察他们的工作。
She was so impressed to watch as they performed even the most basic tasks with incredible elegance.
看到他们以令人难以置信的优雅完成最基本的任务，给她留下了深刻的印象。
This one phlebotomist, I just was always mesmerized by the way she put tape on the back of her hand so precisely, always exactly the exact size piece of tape.
这位抽血医生，我总是被她如此精确地将胶带贴在手背上的方式迷住了，而且胶带的尺寸总是完全相同。
Another one, she would hold the butterfly needle not by the wings, but actually by the little barrel, which is kind of a harder way to hold it, but she was just real gentle, just the way they could draw blood from the craziest places.
另一种，她不是用翅膀握住蝴蝶针，而是用小桶，这是一种更难的握法，但她真的很温柔，就像他们可以从最疯狂的地方抽血一样。
I mean, because hospital patients, they're sick.
我的意思是，因为医院里的病人他们生病了。
They're in organ failure.
他们器官衰竭了。
They're really swollen, or their veins are shot.
他们真的肿了，或者他们的静脉被射中了。
And these phlebotomists are doing crazy stuff, like just skimming the surface of someone's forearm and just getting this tiny little spider vein, you know?
这些抽血医生正在做一些疯狂的事情，比如只是掠过某人前臂的表面，就得到了这个微小的蜘蛛静脉，你知道吗？
Or they're getting blood from the back of someone's thumb knuckle.
或者他们从某人的拇指指关节后面抽血。
I think they're total artists.
我认为他们是十足的艺术家。
Then, suddenly, it was her turn to try.
然后，突然轮到她尝试了。
Adele flipped around her hospital badge so no one could see she was a physical therapist, then went and did her first sticks-- that's phlebotomist lingo for blood draws-- in the maternity ward on healthy young mothers who had big, easily visible veins.
阿黛尔翻了翻她的医院徽章，这样别人就看不出她是一名物理治疗师，然后她去产科病房对健康的年轻母亲进行了第一次抽血——这是抽血的行话，这些母亲的静脉粗大、清晰可见。
She made a lot of rookie mistakes.
她犯了很多新手错误。
I would keep the tube on until it completely filled with blood.
我会让管子一直开着，直到它完全充满血液。
And then when I would retract the needle, the blood that was left over in the tubing would spill all over the bed and make a big mess.
然后当我收回针头时，管子里残留的血液就会洒满床上，弄得一团糟。
And then everyone was always yelling at me to retract the needle, retract it.
然后每个人总是对我大喊大叫，让我收回针，收回它。
Do it, do it.
做吧，做吧。
It's ready.
准备好了。
It's ready.
准备好了。
I'm like, but it's only halfway full.
我想，但它只满了一半。
Just do it!
去做就对了！
I'm like, OK.
我想，好吧。
After about two weeks of this sort of haphazard seat-of-the-pants training, her manager decided she was ready to go in alone.
经过大约两周的这种随意的凭感觉训练后，她的经理决定她准备好单独进入。
On her first day of working solo, Adele walked in and saw that her assignment was in the ICU, which, at that point in April, was full of COVID patients.
在独自工作的第一天，阿黛尔走进来，发现她的任务是在重症监护室，四月份的那个时候，那里挤满了新冠患者。
I got panicked, completely panicked, you know?
我惊慌失措，彻底惊慌，你知道吗？
I mean--
我的意思是——
Why?
为什么？
Adele Levine --I was so nervous.
阿黛尔·莱文——我很紧张。
I mean, even just going into a COVID room just would fill me with fear, terror.
我的意思是，即使只是走进新冠病房也会让我充满恐惧。
It was an incredibly challenging assignment.
这是一项非常具有挑战性的任务。
ICU patients were among the sickest in the hospital, often with multiple IVs and swollen limbs.
ICU 患者是医院病情最严重的患者之一，通常需要多次静脉注射且四肢肿胀。
And phlebotomy was only called in after the nurses there had already tried twice to get blood, but couldn't.
那里的护士已经尝试两次抽血但未能成功，之后才要求进行放血。
On top of that, all the COVID stuff-- the PPE that made it hard to move and see, not being able to bring a full cart of supplies in, the pressure to work quickly and minimize exposure.
最重要的是，所有与新冠病毒有关的东西——个人防护装备让人们很难移动和观察，无法将一整车的物资运进来，还有快速工作和尽量减少接触的压力。
Adele was terrified and overwhelmed.
阿黛尔感到害怕和不知所措。
But she did her best to figure out her own little routine.
但她还是尽力想出了自己的小套路。
In the beginning, I always used to talk to the patients, even though--
一开始，我总是习惯和病人交谈，尽管——
What would you say?
你会说什么？
Adele Levine I would say-- I'm like, good morning, good morning.
阿黛尔·莱文（Adele Levine）我会说——我想，早上好，早上好。
This is Adele.
这是阿黛尔。
I'm from phlebotomy.
我来自静脉切开术。
I'm here to draw some blood.
我是来抽血的
But they're sedated, or I tell them, today's Tuesday.
但他们注射了镇静剂，或者我告诉他们，今天是星期二。
It's April 20.
现在是 4 月 20 日。
It's a nice day outside.
外面天气真好。
I'd tell them what's on the news or what was going on.
我会告诉他们新闻或正在发生的事情。
And I'd always tell them that they look great, that they were getting better, I could tell.
我总是告诉他们，他们看起来很棒，他们正在变得更好，我看得出来。
Hardly ever, but I just felt like-- I heard that people, when they're sedated, they can still kind of hear you.
几乎没有，但我只是觉得——我听说人们，当他们服用镇静剂时，他们仍然可以听到你的声音。
So I always felt like I should say something uplifting.
所以我总觉得我应该说一些振奋人心的话。
I mean, if you want a cheerleading section, I mean, physical therapy is where it's at.
我的意思是，如果你想要啦啦队部分，我的意思是，物理治疗就在那里。
I mean, we are so optimistic as a group, you know?
我的意思是，我们作为一个团队非常乐观，你知道吗？
Adele wasn't doing great at actually getting the blood, though.
不过，阿黛尔在实际采集血液方面做得并不好。
She was missing something like half of her sticks.
她丢失了大约一半的棍子。
She'd get all suited up and prepared to go in the room, try and try and try for 10 or 15 minutes, fail.
她会穿好衣服，准备走进房间，尝试、尝试、尝试 10 或 15 分钟，但失败了。
Then she'd have to go downstairs and mark on the whiteboard the patients that she'd missed so a more experienced phlebotomist could be sent up to try again.
然后她必须下楼在白板上标记她错过的患者，以便派一位更有经验的抽血医生再次尝试。
She felt like a disappointment, bumbling things up in one of the most serious and urgent parts of the hospital.
她感到很失望，在医院最严重、最紧急的地方之一把事情搞砸了。
When they would send me to do blood cultures, I would almost always botch it.
当他们送我去做血培养时，我几乎总是搞砸了。
A blood culture is a test for an infection in the blood.
血培养是血液感染的测试。
My first blood culture that I got called to do, when I got to the room, the patient was in a full code.
我被叫去做第一次血培养，当我到达房间时，病人已经处于完整的状态。
And they were all in there, doing CPR and chest compressions.
他们都在那里，进行心肺复苏和胸外按压。
They were shocking him.
他们让他震惊。
I flipped out.
我疯了。
I was like, oh my god.
我当时想，天啊。
I was about to leave, and they're like, no, no. They're like, you stay.
我正要离开，他们却说，不，不。他们就像，你留下来。
They're like, you stay because if he lives, we need those blood cultures.
他们说，你留下来，因为如果他活下来，我们就需要那些血培养。
So I stood there.
所以我站在那里。
I was waiting, and standing next to me-- we're totally dressed up in all this gear-- was one of the hospital chaplains.
我正在等待，站在我旁边的是一位医院牧师——我们全副武装。
Oh, wow.
哦，哇。
Adele Levine And we were standing next to each other.
阿黛尔·莱文（Adele Levine） 我们并肩站着。
She was there because if the patient died, she would need to go in and do last rites.
她在那里是因为如果病人死了，她就需要进去做最后的仪式。
And I got so completely wigged out by that, I started feeling like we were the angel and the devil, just standing side by side.
我对此感到非常震惊，我开始感觉我们是天使和魔鬼，只是肩并肩站着。
And the patient lived.
病人活了下来。
And the hospital chaplain just flew out of there.
医院牧师刚刚飞离那里。
And then I had to go in, and I was so rattled by what happened.
然后我不得不进去，发生的事情让我感到非常不安。
And then I had to do these blood cultures.
然后我必须进行这些血培养。
It was just-- I didn't get it.
只是——我不明白。
I didn't get it.
我没明白。
Remember, Adele's a physical therapist.
请记住，阿黛尔是一名物理治疗师。
Nobody was dying in front of her at her old job.
在她以前的工作中，没有人会在她面前死去。
The chaplain never hovered nearby.
牧师从来没有在附近徘徊过。
This was a totally different game.
这是一场完全不同的游戏。
Adele's first week in the ICU was so stressful that she thought about quitting.
阿黛尔在重症监护室的第一周压力太大，以至于她考虑退出。
But she didn't.
但她没有。
She kept going.
她继续前行。
She watched videos about phlebotomy in her free time, practiced getting her sticks over and over, lining up her tubes in the order of the draws, folding gauze into quarters with one hand, readjusting the needle to keep the blood flowing.
她在空闲时间观看有关静脉放血的视频，练习一遍又一遍地使用棍子，按照抽血顺序排列管子，用一只手将纱布折成四分之一，重新调整针头以保持血液流动。
She started to be able to see veins she couldn't before, to draw blood from more challenging places.
她开始能够看到以前看不到的静脉，从更具挑战性的地方抽血。
The first time I got blood off this guy's thumb knuckle, yeah, I just couldn't believe it.
当我第一次从这个家伙的拇指指关节流血时，是的，我简直不敢相信。
I was so proud of myself, or from a really skinny little vein, and I'm just trying to-- I just knew if I could just get a centimeter of blood into the tube, that would be good enough for the lab.
我为自己感到骄傲，或者为自己的一根非常细小的静脉感到骄傲，我只是想——我只是知道如果我能将一厘米的血液放入试管中，这对于实验室来说就足够了。
But even being able to draw their blood well didn't change her patients' outcomes.
但即使能够顺利抽血也没有改变患者的治疗结果。
Lots died.
很多人死了。
It got to her.
她得到了。
She says she stopped looking at their faces when she went in the room, stopped chatting as much with them, too.
她说，当她走进房间时，她不再看他们的脸，也不再与他们聊天。
And as she was leaving, instead of telling them they looked good and she could tell they were doing better, like she used to, she just told them goodbye.
当她离开时，她没有像以前那样告诉他们，他们看起来很好，她可以看出他们做得更好，而是只是向他们道别。
Adele told me that dropping into this tunnel vision mode, just going straight for the vein, not looking around, it actually made her better at drawing blood, more gentle.
阿黛尔告诉我，进入这种隧道视野模式，只是直视静脉，而不是环顾四周，这实际上让她更擅长抽血，更温和。
In the middle of the summer, three months after Adele began drawing blood, the first wave finally started to recede at her hospital.
仲夏时节，也就是阿黛尔开始抽血三个月后，第一波血潮终于在她的医院开始消退。
Then she got a text from her physical therapy boss, telling her it was time to come back.
然后她收到了物理治疗老板的短信，告诉她是时候回来了。
I was really furious.
我真的很生气。
I didn't want to go back.
我不想回去。
Oh, really?
哦真的吗？
Adele Levine I caused a bit of a-- yeah, caused a bit of a-- I guess they couldn't believe it.
阿黛尔·莱文（Adele Levine） 我引起了一点——是的，引起了一点——我想他们简直不敢相信。
I said I wasn't going to come back.
我说过我不会回来了。
I was surprised to hear this, given how she'd felt completely inadequate for so long when she was there.
听到这个消息我很惊讶，因为她在那里这么长时间以来一直感觉自己完全不称职。
But it felt like whiplash to her.
但这对她来说就像鞭打一样。
She'd been thrown from her old job into this one, finally felt like she knew what she was doing.
她从原来的工作转到了这份工作，终于觉得她知道自己在做什么了。
She wasn't prepared to be yanked back out just as quickly.
她还没准备好这么快就被拉回来。
It's been eight months now since Adele switched back to physical therapy.
距离阿黛尔重新开始物理治疗已经过去八个月了。
She still notices people's veins, especially the ones on the backs of their fingers.
她仍然会注意到人们的静脉，尤其是指背上的静脉。
Those ones, she told me, when someone's really sick, those ones will stay bouncy.
她告诉我，当有人真的病了时，那些东西会保持弹性。
They're the last to go.
他们是最后走的。
Diane Wu is one of the producers of our show.
吴黛安是我们节目的制作人之一。
Act Two, Blood Ties.
第二幕，血缘关系。
So we turn now in this blood episode to blood relatives and the importance of family.
因此，我们现在在这一血亲事件中转向血亲和家庭的重要性。
Or maybe this story is about the unimportance of family and the meaninglessness of blood ties.
或者也许这个故事是关于家庭的不重要和血缘关系的无意义。
At the center of the story are 30 postcards and one of our producers, David Kestenbaum.
故事的中心是 30 张明信片和我们的制作人之一 David Kestenbaum。
I want to start by saying I am one of those people who has never cared at all about family trees, who is related to whom, genealogy, stuff like that.
首先我想说，我是那些根本不关心家谱、谁与谁有关系、家谱之类的人之一。
The only family that felt important growing up were the people I saw every day-- my parents and sister, and then, kind of one circle out, grandparents, cousins, the relatives we'd visit with some regularity.
成长过程中唯一觉得重要的家庭是我每天见到的人——我的父母和姐姐，然后是祖父母、表兄弟姐妹、我们定期拜访的亲戚。
Beyond that, they just seemed like people I didn't know.
除此之外，他们看起来就像是我不认识的人。
And-- I think this is the scientist in me-- I've always felt like the whole idea of being related by blood, who cares if they have some DNA that I have?
而且——我认为这就是我身上的科学家——我一直觉得血缘关系的整个想法，谁在乎他们是否有我所拥有的DNA？
It all just seemed kind of dumb.
这一切看起来有点愚蠢。
This was a problem when someone would ask me when my family came to the United States.
当有人问我我的家人何时来到美国时，这是一个问题。
My great grandparents?
我的曾祖父母？
I think from Austria or Poland, some from Russia.
我认为来自奥地利或波兰，还有一些来自俄罗斯。
At various points, it's felt like a thing I should know, just so I could not look like an idiot when that question came up.
在很多时候，我都觉得这是我应该知道的事情，这样当这个问题出现时我就不会看起来像个白痴。
So I'd ask my parents, who'd tell me.
所以我会问我的父母，他们会告诉我。
But there weren't a lot of details.
但没有太多细节。
No one felt real in it.
没有人感到真实。
And whatever my parents would tell me, I'd promptly forget.
无论我父母告诉我什么，我都会很快忘记。
Then a couple of summers ago, we were visiting my aunt and uncle.
几年前的夏天，我们去看望我的阿姨和叔叔。
My kids were running around like lunatics.
我的孩子们像疯子一样到处乱跑。
I was sitting on the couch.
我坐在沙发上。
And my aunt handed me this stack of papers.
阿姨递给我这一叠文件。
They were photocopies of 30 postcards.
它们是 30 张明信片的复印件。
A distant family member had come across them.
一位远方的家庭成员遇见了他们。
And they were beautiful, written in Yiddish and the Hebrew alphabet in this meticulous handwriting.
它们很漂亮，是用意第绪语和希伯来字母以这种细致的笔迹写成的。
I could read who they were addressed to-- that was in English-- Harry Kestenbaum, 320 Cherry Street, New York, America.
我能读懂他们的收件人是谁——那是英语——哈利·凯斯滕鲍姆，美国纽约州樱桃街 320 号。
Cherry Street is a street I've walked by for sure.
樱桃街是我肯定走过的一条街。
It runs under the Manhattan Bridge.
它在曼哈顿大桥下运行。
The postcards were from his father, Shmuel Mendel Kestenbaum, who was living in a town in Austria-Hungary at the foot of a small mountain.
这些明信片是他的父亲什穆埃尔·孟德尔·凯斯滕鲍姆寄来的，他住在奥匈帝国一座小山脚下的小镇上。
The date on the first postcard?
第一张明信片上的日期？
1904.
1904年。
Shmuel was my great, great grandfather's brother.
什穆埃尔是我曾曾祖父的兄弟。
There were translations alongside the postcards.
明信片旁边有翻译。
A relative had found someone who could read the old Yiddish.
一位亲戚找到了一个能读懂古意第绪语的人。
So I sat there on the couch and started to read.
于是我坐在沙发上开始读书。
Again, this wasn't my thing.
再说一次，这不是我的事。
I honestly didn't expect to get through them.
老实说，我没想到能通过他们。
But amazingly, these 30 postcards, they happened to tell a little story with a beginning and an end.
但令人惊奇的是，这30张明信片，竟然讲述了一个有开头有结尾的小故事。
You could glimpse a piece of a life through them, of a man living 100 years ago, who had my last name.
你可以通过它们瞥见一个生活的片段，一个生活在 100 年前的人，他和我姓氏。
And I know I just said that shouldn't matter.
我知道我刚才说过这并不重要。
Maybe I'm wrong.
也许我错了。
They gave me a feeling I was not expecting to have.
他们给了我一种我没有想到的感觉。
The postcards are only one side of the conversation, Shmuel writing to his son.
明信片只是什穆尔写给儿子的谈话的一方面。
But his son, Harry, who is 24 at the beginning, clearly wrote back.
但他的儿子，当初24岁的哈利，却明确地回信了。
You can tell because Shmuel writes things like, "You forgot to put a stamp on your last letter, and I had to pay a fine.
你可以看出来，因为什穆尔写道，“你忘了在你的最后一封信上贴邮票，我不得不支付罚款。
Signed, your father, Shmuel." I loved that line because I'm not proud of this, but it reminds me of me.
签名，你的父亲，什穆尔。”我喜欢这句话，因为我并不为此感到自豪，但它让我想起了我。
And also, it warms my heart to read a guilt trip on 100-year-old postcards sent across an ocean.
而且，在远渡重洋寄来的 100 年前的明信片上读到一段内疚之旅，也让我感到温暖。
You can only write like that to someone who's family.
你只能这样写信给家人。
Blood gives you permission to make certain demands, to be yourself in ways that maybe you shouldn't.
血液允许你提出某些要求，以也许你不应该的方式做你自己。
Quote, "You want me to send you a tallis to America?" A tallis is a prayer shawl.
引言：“你想让我给你寄一张纸到美国吗？”塔利斯是祈祷披肩。
"This is quite difficult.
“这非常困难。
Postage is quite expensive.
邮费相当贵。
And did you not buy a tallis for your wedding?"
你没有为你的婚礼买一件塔利斯吗？”
It seems possible they wrote back and forth constantly.
看来他们可能不断地来回写信。
Quote, "I am surprised that you have not received my letter.
引用：“我很惊讶你没有收到我的信。
Why don't you write about your business?
你为什么不写写你的生意呢？
Mine is completely in ruin and my income is very bad." Here's what we know about Shmuel when he was writing these.
我的完全破产了，收入也很差。”以下是我们在什穆尔撰写这些文章时对他的了解。
He was divorced, and his two kids, he hadn't seen in years.
他离婚了，他的两个孩子已经很多年没有见面了。
Harry, because he was in America at 320 Cherry Street.
哈利，因为他在美国樱桃街 320 号。
His daughter was closer to home in Europe, but would never write him back.
他的女儿离欧洲的家更近，但永远不会给他回信。
Quote, "She really does not behave like a child of mine," Shmuel writes.
引用：“她的行为真的不像我的孩子，”什穆尔写道。
"For three years, I have received from her only printed Happy New Year's cards.
“三年来，我只收到她寄来的印刷好的新年贺卡。
When she came to me to invite me to her wedding, I gave her all the money she asked for and went to the wedding.
当她来找我邀请我参加她的婚礼时，我给了她她要的所有钱并去参加了婚礼。
She has not once written about her situation.
她一次也没有写过自己的处境。
Since childhood, as you well know, she has become a stranger to me."
正如你所知，从孩提时代起，她对我来说就变得陌生了。”
Shmuel is on a kind of mission in these postcards.
在这些明信片中，什穆尔肩负着某种使命。
He seems dismayed by how scattered the family has become.
他似乎对这个家庭变得如此分散感到沮丧。
And he wants to hold everyone together somehow.
他希望以某种方式将每个人团结在一起。
He writes about being lonely, having no one to have a heart to heart talk with.
他写到自己很孤独，没有人可以倾心交谈。
Quote, "Please let me know if you intend to return here with your family.
引用：“如果您打算与家人一起返回这里，请告诉我。
Or do you want to take a pleasure trip?
或者你想来一次愉快的旅行吗？
I would be very pleased, but the question is if you can do this without any trouble."
我会很高兴，但问题是你是否能毫无困难地做到这一点。”
In the map of our family, Shmuel is pretty far removed.
在我们家的地图上，什穆埃尔离我们很远。
He's like Pluto out there on a distant orbit.
他就像遥远轨道上的冥王星。
But I felt some tug on me.
但我感觉有一些东西在拉扯我。
He asks after my great, great grandfather, who is living nearby in Newark, New Jersey.
他询问我的曾曾祖父的情况，他住在新泽西州纽瓦克附近。
Quote, "Please write to me about my brother.
引用：“请写信给我介绍我的兄弟。
How is he?
他怎么样？
He doesn't write to me at all.
他根本不给我写信。
How are his children?
他的孩子们怎么样了？
Are they well?"
他们还好吗？”
I was struck by how consistently miserable he seems.
他看上去总是那么悲惨，这让我很震惊。
Miserable, but also like he hasn't given up hope.
很痛苦，但也像是没有放弃希望。
He yearns for the family, wants to be with them again.
他渴望家人，想要再次和他们在一起。
I wondered if it would happen.
我想知道这是否会发生。
When Harry's first son gets a little older, Shmuel writes, "Maybe it would be possible for you to send him to me, and I could fulfill the commandment and teach our children and your son's children, as my son's sons are as my own.
当哈利的第一个儿子长大一点时，什穆尔写道：“也许你可以把他送到我这里，我可以履行诫命并教导我们的孩子和你儿子的孩子，就像我儿子的儿子就像我自己的儿子一样。
Your father, Shmuel."
你的父亲，什穆尔。”
There are all these grandkids being born that he wants to see.
他想看到所有这些孙子孙女的出生。
When Harry has a daughter and names her after his grandmother, Shmuel writes, "My dear son, you have done very well.
当哈利有了一个女儿并以祖母的名字给她命名时，什穆尔写道：“我亲爱的儿子，你做得很好。
You have added the name of my dear mother.
你添加了我亲爱的母亲的名字。
I have great joy from this."
我对此感到非常高兴。”
But there's also this heartbreaking one.
但也有这样令人心碎的一件事。
Quote, "At the end of your letter, you didn't send greetings from your son, Yitzchak, which worries me very much.
引用：“在你的信的最后，你没有送来你儿子伊扎克的问候，这让我非常担心。
Please disclose the truth to me.
请向我透露真相。
May we only hear good tidings." Yitzchak had died of pneumonia at age one.
愿我们只听到好消息。”伊扎克在一岁时死于肺炎。
There's one postcard where Shmuel seems truly joyful, like he finally had a really good day or something.
在一张明信片上，什穆埃尔看起来真的很高兴，就像他终于度过了非常美好的一天之类的。
September 12, 1907.
1907 年 9 月 12 日。
The entire postcard is a blessing that he composed himself in Hebrew.
整张明信片都是他用希伯来语写的祝福语。
The translator was really struck by the poetry of it.
译者被它的诗意深深打动了。
"May the rays of your good fortune shine on your head, and may you always be a fulfilled person, love and peace in your home, all of you healthy and complete, your tents free of fear, blessings nested in your house, and success shedding its light around you."
“愿好运的光芒照耀在你的头上，愿你永远是一个充实的人，家中充满爱与和平，所有人都健康完整，你的帐篷没有恐惧，祝福嵌套在你的房子里，成功的光芒在你周围闪耀。”
But making my way through the stack of postcards, one thing after another seems to go wrong.
但当我翻阅那堆明信片时，却发现一件又一件的事情似乎出了问题。
He eventually does make contact with his daughter, Harry's sister, and visits her, but he still seems worried.
他最终确实与他的女儿（哈利的妹妹）取得了联系，并拜访了她，但他似乎仍然很担心。
Quote, "I hope there will be peace for some time." He writes about a fire that cost him a lot of money, a dealer he sends cotton wool to, goes bankrupt.
引用：“我希望能有一段时间的和平。”他写到一场大火让他损失了很多钱，他向一个经销商寄棉絮，结果破产了。
Quote, "Business is very bad, as credit has been stopped, and many people have gone bankrupt.
引用：“生意非常糟糕，因为信贷已经停止，许多人破产了。
Thank God the fear of war has passed.
感谢上帝，对战争的恐惧已经过去了。
May God bring us better times." That postcard was from May 27, 1913.
愿上帝给我们带来更好的时光。”那张明信片是 1913 年 5 月 27 日寄的。
When I read it, I was like, wait, what do you mean the fear of war has passed?
当我读到它时，我想，等等，你是什么意思对战争的恐惧已经过去了？
Isn't World War I about to happen?
第一次世界大战不是要发生了吗？
Here's a postcard from a little later.
这是稍后寄来的明信片。
The stamp had been removed, so some words are missing.
邮票已被移除，因此缺少一些文字。
But this part was intact.
但这部分完好无损。
Quote, "The Russians plundered.
引用：“俄罗斯人进行了掠夺。
We went on foot.
我们步行前往。
Therefore, we took nothing with us.
因此，我们什么也没带。
We were like a herd.
我们就像一群人。
We closed the house and left everything.
我们关上了房子，留下了一切。
We left all our property.
我们留下了所有的财产。
Everything was plundered, and the house was destroyed.
一切都被掠夺，房屋被毁。
May God give us strength and harden our body.
愿神赐给我们力量，坚固我们的身体。
Is this our fate?
这就是我们的命运吗？
Instead of sleeping in our bed, we slept on the ground." That postcard was sent from a town 60 miles from his home.
我们没有睡在床上，而是睡在地上。”那张明信片是从距他家 60 英里的一个小镇寄来的。
There's a big gap after this.
这之后就有很大的差距了。
The next postcards are from years later.
接下来的明信片是几年后的。
He's back in the town where he started.
他又回到了他出发的小镇。
Quote, "I received the package you sent.
引用：“我收到了你寄来的包裹。
It contained two pairs of trousers, two pairs of underpants, four undershirts, one skullcap, one napkin.
里面有两条裤子、两条内裤、四件汗衫、一顶无边便帽、一张餐巾。
I can't know if anything is missing since I don't have a list of its contents.
我不知道是否缺少任何内容，因为我没有其内容列表。
The Lord will reward you for the mitzvah of honoring our father.
主会因你尊重我们父亲的戒律而奖励你。
And your reward will be great." This was postcard number 27 of 30.
你的回报将会非常丰厚。”这是 30 张明信片中的第 27 张。
There weren't many left.
剩下的人不多了。
Shmuel writes that he had heard that Harry might make a trip back home.
什穆尔写道，他听说哈利可能会回家一趟。
Quote, "This would give me much joy," he writes.
他写道：“这会给我带来很多快乐。”
And also, "Do you have papers for my journey to America?" I was excited that they might all get together, but postcard 29 doesn't mention any travel plans.
还有，“你有我去美国旅行的文件吗？”我很兴奋他们可能会聚在一起，但明信片 29 没有提到任何旅行计划。
Quote, "It's been three months since I have written you.
引用：“自从我给你写信以来已经三个月了。
I am desperate not to have received an answer.
我很绝望没有收到答复。
This is very unusual.
这是非常不寻常的。
Please write immediately." The last postcard, number 30, is about a prayer shawl.
请立即写信。”最后一张明信片，第 30 号，是关于祈祷披肩的。
And that's it.
就是这样。
Shmuel Mendel Kestenbaum died some time after that.
此后不久，什穆埃尔·孟德尔·凯斯滕鲍姆去世了。
He was probably 69 or 70 years old.
他大概有 69 或 70 岁了。
Reading along, I was somehow stupidly expecting a happy ending.
读着读着，我不知何故愚蠢地期待着一个幸福的结局。
But I don't think there was one for him.
但我认为没有一个适合他。
It doesn't seem like Shmuel ever got to see his son again after he left at the age of 20 or got to meet Harry's kids, his grandchildren.
什穆尔在 20 岁离开后似乎再也没有见过他的儿子，也没有见到哈利的孩子们，他的孙子们。
And just that idea that you could spend so much of your life waiting for a thing to happen, and then one day, you don't even know it's coming, but it's your last day.
就是这样一种想法，你可以花费一生的大部分时间等待一件事的发生，然后有一天，你甚至不知道它即将到来，但这是你的最后一天。
And it never does.
但它永远不会。
I do feel some connection to Shmuel.
我确实感觉到与什穆尔有某种联系。
I'm not sure I really understand it.
我不确定我是否真的理解它。
You could say it's because we're related by blood.
可以说是因为我们有血缘关系。
It certainly is a strange experience to read your own last name on a 100-year-old postcard.
在一张有 100 年历史的明信片上读到自己的姓氏确实是一种奇怪的经历。
It sticks with you-- Shmuel Kestenbaum.
它会一直伴随着你——Shmuel Kestenbaum。
I keep thinking about the postcards.
我一直在想着明信片。
In them, Shmuel never writes about the past.
在其中，什穆尔从未写过过去。
He's always asking about the people who will come after him-- his son, his daughter, their kids.
他总是询问他的后继者——他的儿子、女儿和他们的孩子。
he cared about the future.
他关心未来。
I do, too.
我也是。
I care more going forward than backward.
我更关心前进而不是倒退。
There is a happy ending to Shmuel's story.
什穆尔的故事有一个幸福的结局。
It just came much later.
只是来得晚了很多。
It's me and all the family and the giant tree that grew around him.
这是我和所有的家人以及他周围生长的巨树。
David Kestenbaum is our show's senior editor.
大卫·凯斯滕鲍姆是我们节目的高级编辑。
Coming up, one of the greatest deployments of fake blood in the history of fake blood.
即将到来，这是假血史上最伟大的假血部署之一。
Also, fixing a human blood pump and a fibroid speaks in English.
此外，修复人体血泵和肌瘤也用英语说话。
That's in a minute from Chicago Public Radio when our program continues.
芝加哥公共广播电台一分钟后我们的节目仍在继续。
It's This American Life.
这就是美国生活。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Today's program, Bloody Feelings, stories about blood in all its liquidy meanings, blood as metaphor, blood as the actual stuff moving through our veins.
今天的节目，血腥的感觉，关于血液的所有流动含义的故事，血液作为隐喻，血液作为在我们血管中流动的实际物质。
We've arrived at act three of our show.
我们已经到了演出的第三幕了。
Act Three, Stage Fright.
第三幕，怯场。
So there's this condition.
于是就有了这个条件。
It's called vasovagal syncope.
这称为血管迷走性晕厥。
And it's basically fainting in reaction to certain stimuli.
它基本上是对某些刺激的反应而晕倒。
It's triggered by all kinds of things-- exposure to heat, stress, and the sight of blood.
它是由各种因素引发的——暴露于高温、压力和看到血。
And it turns out that the blood, it doesn't even need to be real blood to get that response.
事实证明，血液甚至不需要是真正的血液就能得到这种反应。
One of our producers, Bim Adewunmi, remembers one bloody Shakespeare production that, at its height, had scores of people fainting, night after night.
我们的一位制片人比姆·阿德温米 (Bim Adewunmi) 记得一部血腥的莎士比亚作品，在其鼎盛时期，一夜又一夜让数十人晕倒。
Here's Bim.
这是比姆。
Back in 2006, I was a year out of university, trying very hard to be a writer and working at a bookshop in central London.
早在 2006 年，我大学毕业一年后，就非常努力地想成为一名作家，并在伦敦市中心的一家书店工作。
I was also almost always broke, so broke, in fact, that I don't think I could afford more than one visit to see a West End show the entire year.
我也几乎总是身无分文，事实上，我觉得自己一整年都无力再去看一次伦敦西区的演出。
What I did do a lot of, though, was read theater reviews.
不过，我做的很多事情就是阅读剧院评论。
2006 was the year of Michael Sheen and Frank Langella in Frost/Nixon.
2006 年是《弗罗斯特/尼克松》中迈克尔·辛 (Michael Sheen) 和弗兰克·兰格拉 (Frank Langella) 的一年。
It was the year Avenue Q came to the West End, the year of Wicked's London debut.
那一年，Avenue Q 来到伦敦西区，也是《Wicked》在伦敦首演的一年。
And all I could do was dream of going to see them.
我所能做的就是梦想着去看他们。
So naturally, the review page was the first place I read about a play that was getting rave reviews, but was apparently so grisly, so bloody, audience members were fainting.
很自然地，评论页面是我第一个读到一部好评如潮的戏剧的地方，但显然是那么可怕，那么血腥，观众都晕倒了。
The play was one of Shakespeare's least loved plays, Titus Andronicus, three hours of muscular, bloody theater that, as one audience member quoted in the paper put it, had people "dropping like flies." I was thrilled at the idea of theater being powerful enough to fell even sturdy London theatergoers.
这部戏剧是莎士比亚最不受欢迎的戏剧之一，《泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯》，这部长达三个小时的充满肌肉、血腥的戏剧，正如报纸上引用的一位观众所说，让人“像苍蝇一样倒下”。想到戏剧的力量足以让体格健壮的伦敦观众感到震撼，我感到非常兴奋。
I was jealous.
我很嫉妒。
I wanted to go.
我想去。
I wanted to see if I could withstand it.
我想看看我是否能承受得住。
In the 15 years since, I've often thought about the source of that production's power-- about the blood.
此后的15年里，我经常思考这部作品的力量之源——血液。
I mean, at one point, we had 43 people, one show, 43 people fainted.
我的意思是，有一次，我们有 43 个人，一场演出，有 43 个人晕倒了。
All these years later, I was thrilled to talk to the director, Lucy Bailey.
这么多年后，我很高兴能与导演露西·贝利交谈。
Because I wanted to understand how she'd done something so extraordinary.
因为我想了解她是如何做出如此非凡的事情的。
Once I came into the auditorium and the usher said, all the schoolgirls came and they all fainted.
我一进礼堂，引座员就说，所有的女学生都来了，她们都晕倒了。
[LAUGHTER] And they're all in this box.
[笑声]它们都在这个盒子里。
We put them all up there.
我们把它们都放在那里。
So I came in, looked in the room, and all these sort of very pale girls, all sitting there, [LAUGHS] having been fainted and being taken out.
所以我走进去，看了看房间，所有这些脸色非常苍白的女孩都坐在那里，[笑]已经晕倒并被带了出去。
I used to say to the ushers when I came into see the show, and how many people today?
我进来看演出时常常对引座员说，今天有多少人？
Just to be clear-- no one fell and hit their head or got seriously injured.
需要澄清的是，没有人摔倒、撞到头部或受重伤。
They were simply overwhelmed.
他们简直不知所措。
Lucy just hadn't foreseen the fainting.
露西只是没有预见到她会晕倒。
To give you a picture, the Globe is an open-air theater, a mostly faithful recreation of Shakespeare's original, with just under half of its audience standing close to the action on the stage.
给你一个形象的印象，环球剧场是一个露天剧院，几乎忠实地再现了莎士比亚的原作，只有不到一半的观众站在舞台附近观看演出。
And the Globe is used to fainters-- the combination of standing and the sun probably.
地球仪已经习惯了昏厥——可能是站立和阳光的结合。
During Titus, when a person fainted, the ushers would wind through the crowd with an unfolded wheelchair and then take them out of the arena.
在泰特斯期间，当有人晕倒时，引座员会拿着展开的轮椅蜿蜒穿过人群，然后将他们带出竞技场。
Later in the run, there was a St. John's ambulance parked nearby.
后来在逃跑过程中，附近停着一辆圣约翰救护车。
It's not surprising.
这并不奇怪。
The blood in context and in quantity is inescapable.
血液的背景和数量是不可避免的。
And it's supposed to be.
应该是这样。
Titus Andronicus is one of Shakespeare's earliest plays.
《泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯》是莎士比亚最早的戏剧之一。
And there's a lot of young man swagger mixed in with the poetry of the writing.
诗中也夹杂着许多年轻人的狂妄自大。
Set in ancient Rome, the play was written to speak to some of the fascinations of the Elizabethan era.
该剧以古罗马为背景，旨在讲述伊丽莎白时代的一些魅力。
It's about war and revenge and an over-the-top grief that clouds good sense and moderation.
这是关于战争和复仇，以及一种掩盖了理智和节制的过度悲伤。
Innocents get slain.
无辜者被杀害。
Brutes revel in their savagery.
野兽们陶醉于他们的野蛮行径。
Blood is shed in really horrible ways-- ritual sacrifice, slit throats, mutilation, sexual assault, plus a memorable cannibalistic pie.
流血的方式非常可怕——祭祀仪式、割喉、残害、性侵犯，还有令人难忘的食人馅饼。
It's a play that's drenched in blood.
这是一部充满鲜血的戏剧。
And it often gets written off as a flurry of unsubstantial bloodlettings because of that.
因此，它常常被视为一系列毫无实质意义的流血事件。
But Lucy knew the blood mattered to the play.
但露西知道血液对这部戏很重要。
One of the first things she had to figure out was how to make the blood look real.
她必须弄清楚的第一件事就是如何让血液看起来真实。
In an ironic twist, to make the blood look like the real thing, they had to fake it.
讽刺的是，为了让血液看起来像真的，他们不得不伪造它。
If you see a lot of stage blood, it often doesn't feel very real, even if it's quite accurate, the color of blood.
如果你看到很多舞台上的血，即使血的颜色相当准确，但通常感觉不是很真实。
But blood is quite bright.
但血色却相当明亮。
And somehow that bright blood in theater terms makes you go, oh, yeah, yeah, that's just theater blood.
不知何故，戏剧中明亮的血液让你觉得，哦，是的，是的，这就是戏剧的血液。
We sort of looked at how we would make it unreal in order to make it more real.
我们研究了如何让它变得不真实，从而使其更加真实。
In other words, we darkened the blood.
换句话说，我们使血液变黑了。
Lucy also had to figure out how to make the blood move so it would deliver the most impact.
露西还必须弄清楚如何让血液流动，从而产生最大的影响。
So she turned to another expert-- the fight director.
于是她求助于另一位专家——战斗导演。
You talk to him about if you're wounded in this way, how does the blood behave?
你跟他说如果你受了这样的伤，血液的表现如何？
Where does the blood come?
血液从哪里来？
Why is it coming out of the corner of the mouth?
为什么会从嘴角冒出来？
Why is it coming from the nose?
为什么是从鼻子里出来的？
What's the journey of the blood?
血液的旅程是怎样的？
For Tamara, who the audience love to hate, there's a very careful spurt of blood when she gets a giant fork in the guts.
对于观众又爱又恨的塔玛拉来说，当她的内脏被一根巨大的叉子刺中时，她会非常小心地流血。
When Titus loses a hand, there was more than one source of blood, a spurt from a syringe, then a slower ooze out of his arm.
当泰特斯失去一只手时，就有不止一个血液来源，从注射器中喷出，然后缓慢地从他的手臂中渗出。
To make the intense experience more immersive, Lucy and her designer, Bill Dudley, focused on the space itself.
为了让强烈的体验更加身临其境，露西和她的设计师比尔·达德利（Bill Dudley）专注于空间本身。
They wanted to make it feel oppressive, make the audience participate in the blood sport.
他们想让观众感到压抑，让观众参与到热血运动中。
They achieved this by giving the Globe a temporary velarium roof, which reduced the sunlight and created shadows.
他们通过为地球仪提供一个临时天幕屋顶来实现这一目标，这减少了阳光并产生了阴影。
And then they filled the space with incense.
然后他们就把香填满了这个空间。
They moved some of the action off the stage and into the crowd to create a sort of theater of chance.
他们将一些动作从舞台转移到人群中，创造了一种偶然的戏剧。
The idea was to make it feel like a temple of death.
这个想法是让它感觉像一座死亡神庙。
They have to strike a delicate balance-- too little blood and atmosphere, and you don't bring the audience along.
他们必须取得微妙的平衡——血腥和气氛太少，你就无法吸引观众。
Too much, and it feels like a parody.
太多了，感觉就像是模仿。
It's like a huge contract, isn't it, between the audience and the play and the players.
这就像观众、戏剧和演员之间的一份巨大合同，不是吗？
The audience, given any chance, want to believe.
观众一有机会就愿意相信。
So as long as you do everything to suspend the disbelief, then you keep that contract.
因此，只要你尽一切努力消除怀疑，那么你就遵守了合同。
But as soon as you break that contract and do something that shows them the mechanics or overacts, overplays your cards, over-eggs it, too much blood or under-eggs it, too little blood at the moment, where they're going, sorry, I don't believe that.
但是，一旦你违反了合同，做了一些向他们展示机制或行为过度的事情，过度发挥你的牌，过度鸡蛋，太多血或鸡蛋不足，此刻血太少，他们要去哪里，对不起，我不相信这一点。
And one of the places they decided to underplay happens in the very first bloodletting in the play, when Titus sacrifices Alarbus.
他们决定淡化的地方之一发生在剧中的第一次流血事件中，当时提图斯牺牲了阿拉布斯。
It happened very quickly in how we did it.
我们的做法很快就发生了。
And it was so fast.
而且速度太快了。
And then they saw the blood.
然后他们看到了血。
And then we're pulling him, and they don't have time to dwell.
然后我们拉他，他们没有时间停留。
So we did a very deliberate thing.
所以我们做了一件非常刻意的事情。
We really were shocking with it.
我们真的很震惊。
The audience sees a flash of red, and then he's gone almost immediately.
观众看到一道红光，然后他几乎立刻就消失了。
Maybe the blood made them faint, but it wasn't just the fact of it that caused them to fall.
也许是血让他们晕倒了，但导致他们倒下的不仅仅是血这个事实。
It was what was happening between the people on stage, the feelings they were experiencing.
这是舞台上人们之间发生的事情，他们正在经历的感受。
One of the most shattering moments in the play comes after Lavinia, attacked and mutilated, is brought to her father and unwrapped.
剧中最令人震惊的时刻之一发生在拉维尼娅遭到袭击和肢解后，被带到她父亲身边并被拆开。
The dark viscous blood seeps through the bandages at her stumps and pours slowly from her mouth.
黑色粘稠的血液从她残肢上的绷带中渗出，慢慢地从她的嘴里流出来。
Even Titus, a war-hardened general who's done his own share of killing, is reduced in that moment to an anguished and helpless father.
即使是提图斯，一位身经百战、亲手杀戮的将军，在那一刻也沦为一位痛苦而无助的父亲。
His precious daughter still bleeds, and he can't stop that bleeding.
他的宝贝女儿还在流血，而他却无法止血。
To have your life's blood bleed, your kin, the blood that is your blood, and to see it bleeding and to understand how those wounds were made pushes the brain to a point of madness.
让你生命的血液流淌，你的亲人，血液就是你的血液，看到它流血并了解这些伤口是如何造成的，将大脑推向疯狂的地步。
As Titus himself says in that scene, it was my dear, and he that wounded her have hurt me more than had he killed me dead.
正如泰特斯本人在那个场景中所说的那样，那是我亲爱的，伤害她的人对我的伤害比他杀了我还要严重。
It's a girl who's still alive, but bleeding and causes so much internal bleeding to her father, both in the heart and the brain.
这是一个还活着的女孩，但正在流血，并导致她父亲大量内出血，包括心脏和大脑。
So, in a way, he suffers a kind of brain bleed.
所以，在某种程度上，他遭受了一种脑出血。
The entire play is tied together by that ribbon of grief.
整部剧都被那条悲伤的丝带绑在一起。
Parents lose children.
父母失去孩子。
Brothers turn on each other.
兄弟之间互相攻击。
Innocent bystanders are collateral damage.
无辜的旁观者是附带伤害。
And all the blood is in the service of that raw feeling.
所有的热血都是为了那种原始的感觉。
The language is hysterical and violent.
语言歇斯底里且暴力。
And it goes on for five long acts.
它持续了五幕长幕。
The audience gets pulled into the hysteria because they have little choice.
观众陷入歇斯底里，因为他们别无选择。
By the halfway point in Act Three, they're so far gone that they drop at the idea of violence.
到了第三幕的中点，他们已经走得太远了，以至于他们放弃了暴力的想法。
We used to have people fainting on a word.
我们曾经有人因为一个词而晕倒。
So when Aaron came and said that he wanted one of them to chop off their hand, you could almost guarantee that somebody would faint when he said chop.
所以当阿龙过来说他要其中一个人砍掉自己的手时，你几乎可以肯定，当他说砍的时候，有人会晕倒。
When Aaron says the word here, there's no actual chopping happening-- he's just saying it.
当亚伦在这里说出这个词时，实际上并没有发生砍伐——他只是说说而已。
But it was enough.
但这已经足够了。
You could see the audience sort of gird themselves.
你可以看到观众们都束紧了腰。
And then he'd say chop, and somebody would go.
然后他会说砍，有人就会走。
One of the things I was curious to talk to Lucy about was how it felt to be the architect of all this feeling.
我很好奇与露西谈论的一件事是，成为所有这些感觉的建筑师的感觉如何。
What was it like to do this to an audience again and again?
一次又一次地向观众这样做是什么感觉？
I have to be honest, it was completely thrilling.
我必须说实话，这真是太令人兴奋了。
We had not expected this response.
我们没有预料到会有这样的反应。
Audiences tend not to be vocal, so this kind of fainting was a sort of sign of audience involvement, I think.
观众往往不会发声，所以我认为这种晕倒是观众参与的一种迹象。
I think the whole effect to see the astonishing effect it had on people to the extent that people were sick, they fainted-- they even urinated.
我认为整个效果是看到它对人们产生的惊人影响，以至于人们生病了，他们晕倒了——他们甚至小便了。
They lost control of--
他们失去了控制——
Wow.
哇。
Lucy Bailey --their whole body, was to do with this cumulative feeling, a combination of things, not just one thing.
露西·贝利——他们的整个身体，都与这种累积的感觉有关，是多种事物的组合，而不仅仅是一件事。
It was such an affirmation that something about the play was working.
这是对这部剧的某种肯定，表明它正在发挥作用。
Eight years after that first production in 2014, Lucy revived Titus Andronicus at the Globe.
2014 年首演八年后，露西在环球剧院复活了泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯。
It was a different cast.
这是一个不同的演员阵容。
And once again, audiences flocked to see this difficult, bloody play.
观众再次蜂拥而至，观看这部艰难、血腥的戏剧。
This time, though--
然而这一次——
The audience didn't faint as much.
观众没有那么晕倒。
I mean, they really didn't.
我的意思是，他们真的没有。
And yet, everything we did was, I think, palpably the same, if not better.
然而，我认为，我们所做的一切即使不是更好，也是明显相同的。
And I think that was because people came psychologically prepared.
我认为这是因为人们做好了心理准备。
So it was very much harder to get that contract going that you're so involved in this that you're going to faint.
所以要让这份合同继续下去是非常困难的，你如此投入以至于你会晕倒。
Modern theater is mostly a quiet affair-- polite applause, gentle chuckles.
现代戏剧大多是安静的——礼貌的掌声、温柔的笑声。
Usually when people leave a play in the middle of a performance is because it's bad.
通常，当人们在演出中途离开戏剧时，是因为它很糟糕。
They're not feeling what they're supposed to be feeling.
他们没有感觉到他们应该有的感觉。
With Titus, they were checking out because they were feeling too much.
和泰特斯一起，他们离开是因为他们感觉太多了。
Bim Adewunmi is one of the producers of our show.
Bim Adewunmi 是我们节目的制作人之一。
Act Four, There's No Us in Uterus-- Oh, Wait.
第四幕，子宫里没有我们——哦，等等。
So about 30 million Americans have fibroids.
大约有 3000 万美国人患有肌瘤。
And if you don't know what this is, fibroids are these muscular tumors that grow on or in the uterus.
如果您不知道这是什么，肌瘤是在子宫上或子宫内生长的肌肉肿瘤。
We don't know what causes them or why they affect people of color at higher rates, especially Black people.
我们不知道是什么原因导致这些问题，也不知道为什么它们对有色人种（尤其是黑人）的影响率更高。
In fact, we know so little about them that Vice President Kamala Harris introduced the Uterine Fibroid Research and Education Act last August back when she was still senator.
事实上，我们对它们知之甚少，以至于去年八月副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯（Kamala Harris）还是参议员时就提出了《子宫肌瘤研究和教育法案》。
Almost always, fibroids are benign.
肌瘤几乎总是良性的。
Like, they don't turn into cancer.
就像，它们不会变成癌症。
But they still cause problems-- pain, discomfort, and then there's the blood, which, of course, is what our program is about today.
但它们仍然会引起问题——疼痛、不适，还有流血，这当然就是我们今天节目的主题。
Fibroids can make periods heavier or longer or more erratic.
肌瘤会使月经量增多、延长或更加不稳定。
Doctors can be dismissive.
医生可能会不屑一顾。
Surgery's expensive and carries risks.
手术费用昂贵且存在风险。
And even after surgery, fibroids can come back, new ones.
即使在手术后，肌瘤也可能会复发，而且是新的。
Neena Pathak went back and forth about getting surgery.
尼娜·帕塔克 (Neena Pathak) 反复讨论是否接受手术。
Her fibroid didn't bother her at first, but over time, it grew bigger and caused more and more discomfort.
起初，她的子宫肌瘤并没有让她感到困扰，但随着时间的推移，它变得越来越大，引起越来越多的不适。
And she began to think about her fibroid like a careless partner, making her life miserable.
而她开始把自己的肌瘤想成一个粗心的伴侣，让她的生活变得痛苦不堪。
She even imagined confronting the fibroid, in the relative safety of a therapist's office, with a question-- should we stay together?
她甚至想象在相对安全的治疗师办公室里面对肌瘤，提出一个问题——我们应该待在一起吗？
She made this into a one-act play starring three characters-- woman, fibroid, and therapist.
她将其拍成了一部独幕剧，由三个角色主演：女人、子宫肌瘤和治疗师。
And we present now the world premiere of her play.
现在我们将推出她的戏剧的全球首演。
Well, then, let's get started.
好吧，那么，让我们开始吧。
Tell me why you're here today.
告诉我你今天为什么来这里。
Mm, like I had a choice.
嗯，就像我有选择一样。
She dragged me here.
她把我拖到了这里。
Don't be an ass.
别是个混蛋。
Please?
请问？
Fibroid I'm not.
我不是肌瘤。
I'm a fibroid.
我是一个肌瘤。
Talk to her.
和她说话。
Fibroid OK.
肌瘤好。
We only ever do what you want to do.
我们永远只做您想做的事。
You dragged me here.
你把我拖到这里来了。
Well, I'm just trying to figure out whether we should be together anymore.
好吧，我只是想弄清楚我们是否应该再在一起。
Told you, you could stay with me?
告诉过你，你可以留在我身边吗？
You never even asked!
你根本就没问过！
I want you both to try making I statements.
我希望你们俩都尝试发表我的声明。
I was told that I could stay with-- wait, can I not say you at all if I'm making an I statement?
有人告诉我，我可以留下来——等等，如果我发表“我”声明，我可以完全不说“你”吗？
You're doing fine.
你做得很好。
Would you like to respond?
您愿意回应吗？
I mean, at first it wasn't so bad.
我的意思是，一开始情况并没有那么糟糕。
I barely noticed you, to be honest.
老实说，我几乎没有注意到你。
So I didn't really mind that you were around.
所以我并不介意你在身边。
But then your pile of stuff just kept getting bigger and bigger.
但随后你的东西就变得越来越大。
I just-- I felt steamrolled.
我只是——我感到被压垮了。
And now you act like you own the place.
现在你表现得就像你拥有这个地方一样。
Like I own the place?
就像我拥有这个地方一样？
I have one small room where I keep my things, one bloody room.
我有一间小房间用来存放我的东西，一间该死的房间。
Everything I eat, everything I breathe, it's all yours.
我吃的一切，我呼吸的一切，都是你的。
All you.
都是你们。
And I certainly don't appreciate you relitigating the past.
我当然不喜欢你重新提起过去。
What do you mean, relitigating the past?
重新提起过去是什么意思？
I mean, I have already apologized for this.
我的意思是，我已经为此道歉了。
I'm sorry I moved in without your explicit permission.
很抱歉我未经你的明确许可就搬进来了。
You never said it was bothering you, so I just assumed it was OK.
你从来没有说过这让你烦恼，所以我只是认为这没关系。
But I can't keep apologizing over and over for something I can't undo.
但我不能为一些无法挽回的事情一遍又一遍地道歉。
I just-- I did say it was bothering me.
我只是——我确实说过这让我很困扰。
You just didn't listen.
你只是没听。
And I'm not asking you to apologize over and over.
我并不是要求你一遍又一遍地道歉。
I mean, I'm pretty easygoing.
我的意思是，我很随和。
I don't like making a big deal out of stuff.
我不喜欢小题大做。
I'm 35 years old.
我今年35岁了。
Isn't this kind of what being a grown-up is all about?
这不就是一个成年人该有的样子吗？
When things don't go my way, I suck it up, you know?
当事情不按我的意愿发展时，我就会忍气吞声，你知道吗？
Roll with the punches.
用拳头滚动。
And honestly, I could still live my life.
老实说，我仍然可以过我的生活。
Remind me then, what brings you here today?
那么提醒我，今天是什么风把你吹到这里来的？
Well, I mean, I'm fed up.
好吧，我是说，我厌倦了。
You take up more space every day.
您每天占用更多空间。
You damage my property.
你损坏了我的财产。
You're totally oblivious to how your actions affect anyone but you.
你完全没有意识到你的行为如何影响除你之外的任何人。
OK, you know what?
好吧，你知道吗？
Fine.
很好。
Try and kick me out then.
那就试着把我踢出去吧。
And look, I wasn't going to bring this up, but someone has to-- I thought you wanted kids.
听着，我本来不想提起这个，但必须有人提起——我以为你想要孩子。
Surgery is serious business, you know?
手术是一件严肃的事情，你知道吗？
What if it doesn't work?
如果不起作用怎么办？
There's a chance you could lose your uterus.
您有可能失去子宫。
There's a chance you could never have a baby.
你有可能永远无法生孩子。
There's a chance you could die.
你有可能会死。
Just putting that out there.
只是把它放在那里。
A slim chance.
机会渺茫。
And thanks.
谢谢。
Fibroid That stuff happens.
肌瘤 这种事情就会发生。
Just saying.
只是说。
I don't know if I want kids.
我不知道我是否想要孩子。
But if I do, I think having them without you would be a better option.
但如果我这样做，我认为没有你的他们会是更好的选择。
Well, I've talked to some specialists, but they mostly just told me not to worry, that this situation's harmless.
嗯，我和一些专家谈过，但他们大多只是告诉我不要担心，这种情况是无害的。
The experts agree you're making a big deal over nothing.
专家们一致认为，你是小题大做。
That's the thing.
就是这样。
It's not nothing.
这并不是什么。
It's like, I used to be fun.
就好像，我以前很有趣。
Now I'm this compressed anemic version of myself.
现在我就是这个压缩贫血版的自己。
Because I'm always thinking about you.
因为我总是想着你。
I'm always planning around you, never sure when you're going to open the floodgates.
我总是围绕着你做计划，永远不确定你什么时候会打开闸门。
There will be blood.
会有血。
Therapist Let's take a deep breath.
治疗师 让我们深呼吸。
I want you to look at each other.
我想让你们互相看着对方。
Ugh.
呃。
Therapist Just work with me here.
治疗师 就在这里和我一起工作吧。
One at a time.
一次一个。
Is there something one of you wants to say that you haven't yet said?
你们有什么话想说但还没有说吗？
Mm, yeah.
嗯，是的。
What we have, it's not so bad.
我们所拥有的，还不错。
No relationship is perfect.
没有一种关系是完美的。
Sure, we have some unpleasant little blowups every month, but you know what else is unpleasant every month?
当然，我们每个月都会有一些不愉快的小冲突，但是你知道每个月还有什么不愉快的事情吗？
Paying rent.
支付租金。
Doing laundry is unpleasant, and that's once a week.
洗衣服是一件很不愉快的事，而且每周洗一次衣服。
Doing dishes every day, unpleasant.
每天洗碗，不愉快。
But that's life, baby.
但这就是生活，宝贝。
Could be worse.
可能会更糟。
And very well may be worse without me.
如果没有我，情况很可能会更糟。
As they say, it's the fibroid you know.
正如他们所说，这就是您所知道的肌瘤。
Do you really want to be 35 and alone?
你真的想在35岁的时候孤独一人吗？
OK, no. I think I've been lying to myself and pretending that everything's OK.
好吧，不。我想我一直在对自己撒谎，假装一切都好。
And I know you say it could be worse, but it could be better.
我知道你说情况可能会更糟，但也可能会更好。
That's why I want you out.
这就是为什么我要你出去。
I'm kicking you out.
我要把你踢出去。
But it can't possibly be worth the risk.
但这不可能值得冒这个风险。
Well, I don't know what else to tell you.
好吧，我不知道还能告诉你什么。
I just, I need to try.
我只是，我需要尝试一下。
And you miss 100% of the shots that you don't take.
如果你没有拍到，你就会 100% 投失。
Jesus Christ.
耶稣基督。
Woman Be the change you wish to see in the world.
女人 成为你希望在世界上看到的改变。
Oh, come on.
哦，来吧。
You don't know what life will be like without me.
你不知道没有我，生活会怎样。
Oh my god.
我的天啊。
I'm going to wear white pants again.
我又要穿白裤子了
The woman was played by Sohina Sidhu, the fibroid by Kate Arrington, and the therapist by Jena Friedman.
这名女性由索希娜·西杜 (Sohina Sidhu) 饰演，子宫肌瘤由凯特·阿灵顿 (Kate Arrington) 饰演，治疗师由耶娜·弗里德曼 (Jena Friedman) 饰演。
Casting help from Harrison Nesbit.
哈里森·内斯比特 (Harrison Nesbit) 提供选角帮助。
Neena Pathak wrote this play in part at the Third Coast Radio Residency at Ragdale.
尼娜·帕塔克 (Neena Pathak) 的部分剧本是在拉格代尔的第三海岸广播电台驻地创作的。
Neena, by the way, in real life decided to have her fibroid removed, and she's doing fine.
顺便说一句，尼娜在现实生活中决定切除她的肌瘤，而且她做得很好。
Act Five, Unbreak My Heart.
第五幕，释放我的心。
So for our last story about blood today, we go right to the source, the machine that keeps blood pumping and flowing inside of us, and to somebody whose job it is to make sure that machine works well.
因此，对于今天关于血液的最后一个故事，我们直奔源头，即让血液在我们体内泵动和流动的机器，以及负责确保机器运转良好的人。
Producer Sean Cole talked to this man and also watched him work.
制片人肖恩·科尔与这个人交谈并观看了他的工作。
A warning-- if you are squamous about people's insides, this story has a lot of that.
警告——如果你对人的内心很了解，这个故事就有很多这样的内容。
My favorite fun fact about blood is that it has a protein in it that's also found in eggs-- albumin.
关于血液，我最喜欢的有趣事实是它含有一种蛋白质，这种蛋白质也存在于鸡蛋中——白蛋白。
Something about that just strikes me as poetic-- the complex machine of the human body and a thing it eats for breakfast sharing the same ingredient.
这让我觉得很有诗意——人体的复杂机器和早餐吃的东西共享相同的成分。
I learned about this fact from a heart surgeon, Dr. John Elefteriades, or Dr. E.
我从一位心脏外科医生 John Elefteriades 博士（Dr. John Elefteriades）或 E.
About five years ago, I drove up to Yale New Haven Hospital and talked with him about this one technique he employs called deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, AKA the deep freeze.
大约五年前，我开车前往耶鲁纽黑文医院，与他谈论了他采用的一种称为深低温停循环（又名深度冷冻）的技术。
Often, he has to do such radical plumbing work on the heart and its arteries that his team cools the patient's body down to 64 degrees Fahrenheit and then warms them back up again afterwards.
通常，他必须对心脏及其动脉进行彻底的管道工作，以至于他的团队将患者的身体冷却至 64 华氏度，然后再将其加热。
He compares it, in one way, to making egg lemon soup.
在某种程度上，他将其与制作鸡蛋柠檬汤进行了比较。
You don't want the egg to curdle.
你不想让鸡蛋凝结。
And it curdles when the cook is in a hurry.
当厨师匆忙时，它就会凝结。
It has to simmer at a very low level in order not to curdle.
它必须在非常低的水平下煮，以免凝结。
Well, that's because of the albumin and the egg.
嗯，那是因为白蛋白和鸡蛋。
And the bloodstream is full of albumin.
血液中充满了白蛋白。
So that if we warm too fast, we'll basically get scrambled eggs in the bloodstream.
因此，如果我们变暖得太快，我们基本上就会在血液中得到炒鸡蛋。
That is so gross.
那太恶心了。
John Elefteriades That's catastrophic.
John Elefteriades 那是灾难性的。
So warming takes one hour.
所以升温需要一小时。
We have to warm very slowly.
我们必须非常缓慢地变暖。
As long as our heating bath is no more than 10 degrees warmer than the blood, the blood won't curdle.
只要我们的热水浴温度不超过血液温度10度，血液就不会凝结。
We won't get scrambled eggs.
我们不会吃炒鸡蛋。
Dr. E is an expert on this deep freeze method.
E 博士是这种深度冷冻方法的专家。
He's been described as one of the best doctors in the country, a giant of cardiothoracic surgery.
他被描述为全国最好的医生之一，心胸外科的巨人。
When we met in 2015, he'd been at Yale for more than 30 years and done about 7,000 open heart operations at that point, including maybe 300 transplants.
当我们 2015 年见面时，他已经在耶鲁工作了 30 多年，当时进行了大约 7,000 例心脏直视手术，其中可能包括 300 例移植手术。
He dramatically lengthened the lives of the jazz musician Dave Brubeck and the writer Robert Ludlum.
他极大地延长了爵士音乐家戴夫·布鲁贝克和作家罗伯特·勒德鲁姆的寿命。
For a long time, he did one major operation and then maybe one smaller procedure almost every weekday.
很长一段时间，他几乎每个工作日都会做一次大手术，然后可能会做一次小手术。
He offered to let me watch him perform the deep freeze, to watch him take a patient and literally suspend their animation.
他提出让我观看他进行深度冷冻，观看他带着病人并真正暂停他们的动画。
That's what cooling them down does.
这就是冷却它们的作用。
They're not dead, but they show no signs of life anymore.
他们没有死，但已经没有了生命的迹象。
So that he could reach into their body, disconnect a crucial organ, and fix it with his hands.
这样他就可以伸手进入他们的身体，断开一个重要的器官，并用手将其修复。
It's like he's a master illusionist, fooling death with this high stakes version of misdirection.
就好像他是一位魔术大师，用这种高风险的误导来愚弄死亡。
I was like, yeah.
我当时想，是的。
Yeah, I'm in.
是的，我进来了。
I was thinking that the sound of opening a breastbone might be interesting for you.
我想你可能会对胸骨打开的声音感兴趣。
The procedure I observed was a three-hour aortic graft and valve replacement.
我观察到的手术是三个小时的主动脉移植和瓣膜置换术。
I got to the OR early, about 7:30 in the morning on a Thursday, all gowned up with a mask and scrub hat.
我很早就到了手术室，大约是周四早上 7:30，我穿着防护服，戴着口罩，戴着手术帽。
The team was already prepping the patient for sedation.
该团队已经在为病人准备镇静剂。
Dr. E and I stood several yards away in the corner so he could go over the case with me.
E 博士和我站在几码外的角落里，这样他就可以和我一起检查这个病例。
The patient had an aortic aneurysm.
患者患有主动脉瘤。
You may know-- I didn't-- the aorta is the largest artery in the body and shaped like a candy cane.
你可能知道——我不知道——主动脉是体内最大的动脉，形状像一根拐杖糖。
An aneurysm just means that part of it, the curved part at the top in this case, had become swollen, stretched, like a balloon filling with air.
动脉瘤只是意味着它的一部分，在这种情况下是顶部的弯曲部分，已经肿胀、拉伸，就像充满空气的气球一样。
So the wall of it was too thin.
所以它的壁太薄了。
See, unlike many other diseases, it doesn't have any symptoms until it ruptures.
你看，与许多其他疾病不同，它在破裂之前没有任何症状。
So the first symptom is usually a rupture or death.
因此，第一个症状通常是破裂或死亡。
Death seems like it's more than a symptom.
死亡似乎不仅仅是一种症状。
Yes.
是的。
Sean Cole It seems like it's a conclusion.
肖恩·科尔：这似乎是一个结论。
It's a conclusion.
这是一个结论。
Yeah, that's very well stated, yeah.
是的，这句话说得很好，是的。
The patient was still awake at this point, eyes wide open, listening to one of the anesthesiologists.
此时病人仍然清醒，睁大眼睛，听着一位麻醉师的讲话。
He had a brown mustache and a beer gut, looked nervous, leaning toward afraid.
他留着棕色的小胡子，啤酒肚，看上去很紧张，甚至有点害怕。
Within minutes, he was unconscious.
几分钟之内，他就失去了知觉。
And they were painting his naked body all over with an iodine baste, taped his eyes shut, and then they swaddled him completely in plastic and blue surgical sheets, which made the whole thing feel much more impersonal.
他们在他赤裸的身体上涂抹了碘酒，用胶带封住了他的眼睛，然后用塑料和蓝色的手术床单把他完全包裹起来，这让整个事情感觉更加没有人情味。
Dr. E seems to care a lot about his patients.
E医生似乎很关心他的病人。
But this is when I began to understand how automotive his work is-- managing the proper function of this motor with its valves and chambers and sparks, propelling a person's blood.
但从那时起，我开始理解他的工作是如何自动化的——通过阀门、腔室和火花来管理发动机的正常功能，推动人的血液流动。
Finally, they made the first incision.
最后，他们做了第一个切口。
And they're opening him up now and opening a femoral artery down by the pelvis.
他们现在正在对他进行剖腹手术，并切开骨盆下方的股动脉。
It's a lot of blood.
流了很多血。
And Dr. E was right.
E 博士是对的。
The sound of them sawing open the breastbone was-- I guess we can go with alarming.
他们锯开胸骨的声音是——我想我们可以保持警惕。
[SAWING] Then they inserted the chest separator.
[锯]然后他们插入了胸部分离器。
It's like a reverse vice.
这就像一个反向虎钳。
Instead of squeezing things together, it spreads them apart.
它不是将事物挤压在一起，而是将它们分开。
While I watched on a wall monitor, the circulating nurse, Patty LaFond, came over and explained to me that they were slicing open the pericardium, this kind of protective sac around the heart.
当我在墙上的监视器上观看时，巡回护士帕蒂·拉方德走过来，向我解释说，他们正在切开心包膜，即心脏周围的保护囊。
I didn't know it came with that extra bit of packaging.
我不知道它带有额外的包装。
That's the lung.
那是肺。
Wow.
哇。
Patty Lafond You can almost see it expand and contract with breath.
帕蒂·拉方德（Patty Lafond） 你几乎可以看到它随着呼吸而膨胀和收缩。
She was right.
她是对的。
I watched the lungs expand and contract with this placid rhythm that made me think of ocean waves rolling in and out.
我看着肺部随着这种平静的节奏扩张和收缩，这让我想起了海浪的滚滚。
It was earthly, and it was familiar.
这是尘世的，而且是熟悉的。
And then things got a lot more intense.
然后事情变得更加激烈。
Holy crap.
碉堡了。
Holy, holy smokes.
神圣的，神圣的烟雾。
Oh, boy.
哦，男孩。
Cutting tissue, cutting tissue open.
切割组织，切开组织。
Sort of like pushing the lung to the left.
有点像将肺部推向左侧。
Now, whoa.
现在，哇。
They've broken through to the heart, which is beating.
他们已经突破了正在跳动的心脏。
It's sort of jumping like a fish in his chest.
它就像一条鱼在他的胸口里跳跃。
Like an angry fish trying violently to escape.
就像一条愤怒的鱼，拼命地想要逃跑。
But even that's too terrestrial a description for what this looked like.
但即使这样的描述对于它的样子也太现实了。
It looked alien, like a creature in a sci-fi movie with no familial relationship to humanity.
它看上去很陌生，就像科幻电影中的生物，与人类没有任何亲缘关系。
It was startling, almost frightening.
这令人震惊，几乎令人恐惧。
And I will never forget it.
我永远不会忘记它。
To think that same thing, essentially, is also inside of me and Dr. E and all of you and everyone.
从本质上讲，我、E 博士以及你们所有人都在思考同样的事情。
But when you see it, you think, that thing is not to be trusted.
但当你看到它时，你会想，那东西不值得信任。
Just then, Dr. E asked me if I wanted to come up top.
就在这时，E博士问我是否想登上榜首。
Yes, please.
是的，请。
He meant onto the stool just behind the blue drape that separates the sterile area where they were operating from the rest of the room.
他指的是蓝色窗帘后面的凳子，蓝色窗帘将他们操作的无菌区域与房间的其他部分分开。
So I was standing almost exactly above the patient's body, looking down into it.
所以我几乎就站在病人身体的上方，俯视着它。
And being that close, this felt like I was looking at something so fundamental and ancient.
距离那么近，感觉就像我正在看一些如此基本和古老的东西。
And I felt like this is not something a regular schmuck like me is supposed to see.
我觉得这不是像我这样的普通笨蛋应该看到的东西。
If your guts are exposed and I'm there, it usually means something's gone really wrong.
如果你的胆量暴露了，而我也在场，这通常意味着事情真的出了问题。
I didn't realize that hearts were so big.
没想到心这么大。
Now one thing I tried to convey in the different writings for the general public is the beauty of the body, the internal beauty of the body.
现在我试图在不同的著作中向公众传达的一件事是身体的美，身体的内在美。
It just takes my breath away every single day.
它每天都让我喘不过气来。
It's funny.
很有趣。
I don't think beauty is the first word I would have thought of in this moment.
我不认为美丽是我此刻想到的第一个词。
Uh-huh.
嗯嗯。
Yeah, this is not the most beautiful heart.
是啊，这不是最美的心。
They hooked the patient up to something called the heart-lung machine.
他们将病人连接到一种叫做心肺机的东西上。
A big part of these procedures is outsourcing the work of the heart and the lungs to this big boxy kind of robot with rotating drums in it.
这些手术的很大一部分是将心脏和肺部的工作外包给这种带有旋转鼓的四四方方的大机器人。
This is how they pull off the grand illusion, tricking the body into operating without the heart.
这就是他们如何实现宏伟的幻象，欺骗身体在没有心脏的情况下运作。
They send the patient's blood to the machine.
他们将病人的血液送到机器中。
It oxygenates and pressurizes the blood and also cools it and then sends it back to the kidneys and the liver and the lungs, all the organs.
它给血液充氧、加压，同时冷却血液，然后将其送回肾脏、肝脏和肺等所有器官。
And you can see that we meticulously remove all bubbles.
您可以看到我们小心翼翼地去除了所有气泡。
Because bubbles could cause a stroke.
因为气泡可能会导致中风。
Bubbles from the blood.
血液中冒出气泡。
John Elefteriades Yeah, bubbles from air in the blood.
John Elefteriades 是的，血液中的空气产生气泡。
We remove them all very carefully.
我们非常小心地将它们全部移除。
So you see now, Sean, that the heart has collapsed because we've taken all the blood out.
所以你现在看到了，肖恩，心脏已经崩溃了，因为我们已经抽出了所有的血液。
Dr. E clamps off the aorta right above the aneurysm.
E 医生夹住动脉瘤正上方的主动脉。
That takes the heart out of the circuit.
这使得心脏脱离了电路。
They also send a supercold paralyzing fluid to it called retrograde, or retro for short.
他们还会向其发送一种超冷的麻痹液体，称为“逆行”，简称“逆行”。
So the heart isn't even trying to contract anymore.
所以心脏甚至不再试图收缩。
Now the patient's vital signs have almost totally ceased.
目前，患者的生命体征几乎完全停止。
No pulse, of course, because his heart isn't beating, very little brain activity.
当然，没有脉搏，因为他的心脏没有跳动，大脑活动很少。
But it looks like this particular patient isn't as bad off as others.
但看起来这个特殊的病人并不像其他病人那么糟糕。
So they don't end up having to cool him all the way down to 64 degrees.
所以他们最终不必把他一直冷却到 64 度。
When they do that, it means zero brain activity, no signs of life whatsoever.
当他们这样做时，就意味着大脑活动为零，没有任何生命迹象。
And when the patient's that cold, they actually turn off the heart-lung machine, which means no blood flow to the brain, so no oxygen.
当病人那么冷时，他们实际上会关闭心肺机，这意味着没有血液流向大脑，因此没有氧气。
Under those conditions, it's a race against time.
在这种情况下，这是一场与时间的赛跑。
They have 45 minutes to an hour to operate before the brain starts to die.
在大脑开始死亡之前，他们有 45 分钟到一个小时的时间进行操作。
Meanwhile, this patient's heart has been beating for more than 62 years since before he was born-- is still.
与此同时，这名患者的心脏自出生前起已经跳动了 62 年多，至今仍处于静止状态。
Most of us, when our hearts stop, it'll mean they're never going to start again.
我们大多数人，当我们的心脏停止跳动时，就意味着他们永远不会再重新开始。
And that'll happen to this guy eventually, too, of course.
当然，这最终也会发生在这个人身上。
But this is just a timeout for the heart, a break.
但这只是心灵的一个暂停，一个休息。
I like to think of it as a mini vacation after a lifetime of constant labor in the pump house.
我喜欢把它想象成在泵房工作了一辈子之后的一个小假期。
Now he's opening the aorta, and you're looking inside, Sean.
现在他正在打开主动脉，你正在往里面看，肖恩。
Now you can see the cavernous dimensions of that aorta.
现在您可以看到主动脉的海绵状尺寸。
It's huge.
它是巨大的。
John Elefteriades Yeah, we could give it a zip code.
John Elefteriades 是的，我们可以给它一个邮政编码。
Now they set about the actual mechanical work they're in there to do.
现在他们开始进行实际的机械工作。
First, they replace the aortic valve, which is all calcified.
首先，他们更换全部钙化的主动脉瓣。
And then they swap out the bulgy part of the aorta with a synthetic tube.
然后他们用合成管替换主动脉的凸出部分。
And after about 2 and 1/2 hours, they're pretty much done.
大约 2 又 1/2 小时后，它们就基本完成了。
And it's time to bring the patient back to life.
现在是让病人起死回生的时候了。
Dr. E calls for the official de-airing maneuvers-- that is, evacuating any excess air out of the heart before they let it fill back up again with blood.
E 博士呼吁进行官方的排气操作，即在心脏再次充满血液之前将多余的空气从心脏中排出。
And suddenly, it's like he's a movie director on set, complete with lots of industry terms I didn't understand.
突然之间，他就像是现场的电影导演，充满了许多我听不懂的行业术语。
OK, so let a little blood flow through the heart.
好吧，让一点血液流过心脏。
Run some retro for de-airing.
进行一些复古操作以排除空气。
And we'll take a half dozen nice valsalvas please.
我们要喝六瓶美味的瓦萨尔瓦啤酒。
Valsalvas are deep breaths.
Valsalvas 是深呼吸。
The anesthesiologist can actually control the motion of the patient's lungs.
麻醉师实际上可以控制患者肺部的运动。
Next, Dr. E needs to unclamp the aorta to put the heart back into the circuit.
接下来，E 医生需要松开主动脉，将心脏放回回路中。
Low flow for the clamp.
夹钳流量低。
The aorta is unclamped back up slowly.
主动脉慢慢松开。
Valsalva down, retro off.
瓦尔萨尔瓦（Valsalva）下降，复古关闭。
All the flow to you.
一切都流向你。
Red on, green on, warm all the way.
红灯亮，绿灯亮，一路温暖。
Retro, again, is that paralyzing fluid.
复古又是一种令人瘫痪的液体。
So they turned that off.
所以他们把它关掉了。
Red and green are both drainage tubes.
红色和绿色都是排水管。
And that's just what color they are.
这就是它们的颜色。
And warm all the way means back to the world of 98.6 degrees.
而一路温暖，就意味着回到了98.6度的世界。
No scrambled albumin.
没有炒白蛋白。
So now the heart is starting to beat again.
所以现在心脏又开始跳动了。
At this point, the patient's heart, the violent thing I was so afraid of in the beginning, is much more docile.
至此，病人的心，我一开始所害怕的暴力的东西，就温顺多了。
It looks more like a big chicken breast to me now.
现在对我来说它看起来更像是一块大鸡胸肉。
Dr. E says that probably means I'm getting hungry, which I was.
E 博士说这可能意味着我饿了，我确实饿了。
I'm not someone who tends to seek out intense experiences.
我不是一个倾向于寻求强烈体验的人。
I'm not really adventurous.
我其实不太爱冒险。
I don't dream about traveling to faraway places.
我不梦想去遥远的地方旅行。
But looking inside of another human being like that, watching a group of people open him up, fix what's wrong, and close him again, felt as unusual and unlikely as visiting the moon.
但是像这样观察另一个人的内心，看着一群人把他打开，解决问题，然后再次关闭他，感觉就像访问月球一样不寻常和不可能。
It's a place I've probably never visit again.
这是一个我可能再也不会去的地方。
And I didn't even know the guy.
而且我什至不认识这个人。
I didn't even meet him or say hello.
我什至没有见到他，也没有打招呼。
I hope he's doing OK.
我希望他一切都好。
Sean Cole is one of the producers of our show.
肖恩·科尔是我们节目的制片人之一。
Dr. John Elefteriades has a memoir about his career as a heart surgeon.
约翰·埃莱夫特里亚德斯 (John Elefteriades) 博士有一本关于他作为心脏外科医生的职业生涯的回忆录。
It's called Extraordinary Hearts.
这就是所谓的非凡之心。
[MUSIC - "HOW CAN YOU MEND A BROKEN HEART" BY AL GREEN]
[音乐 - 阿尔·格林的《你如何才能治愈一颗破碎的心》]
Credits Ira Glass Well, our program was produced today by Bim Adewunmi.
感谢 Ira Glass 嗯，我们今天的节目是由 Bim Adewunmi 制作的。
The people who put our show together today includes Elna Baker, Susan Burton, Dana Chivvis, Sean Cole, Aviva DeKornfeld, Chana Jaffe-Walt, Andrea Lopez Cruzado, Tobin Low, Stowe Nelson, Katherine Rae Mondo, Nadia Reiman, Ari Saperstein, Alissa Shipp, Laura Starcheski, Lilly Sullivan, Christopher Swetala, Matt Tierney, and Diane Wu.
今天节目的制作人包括 Elna Baker、Susan Burton、Dana Chivvis、Sean Cole、Aviva DeKornfeld、Chana Jaffe-Walt、Andrea Lopez Cruzado、Tobin Low、Stowe Nelson、Katherine Rae Mondo、Nadia Reiman、Ari Saperstein、Alissa Shipp、Laura Starcheski、Lilly Sullivan、Christopher Swetala、Matt Tierney 和 Diane吴。
Managing editor, Sarah Abdurrahman.
总编辑莎拉·阿卜杜拉赫曼。
Senior editor is David Kestenbaum.
高级编辑是 David Kestenbaum。
Our executive editor is Emanuele Berry.
我们的执行编辑是 Emanuele Berry。
Special thanks today to Aleks Kalininskiy, Besima Majetic, Sergio Lopez, Leon Gold, Alanna Thiede, Angelina Mosher-Salazar, Josie Rourke, Melanie Belkin, Shelby Howick, and Mark D'Antonio.
今天特别感谢 Aleks Kalininskiy、Besima Majetic、Sergio Lopez、Leon Gold、Alanna Thiede、Angelina Mosher-Salazar、Josie Rourke、Melanie Belkin、Shelby Howick 和 Mark D'Antonio。
Mitchell S.
米切尔·S。
Jackson's book where he writes about his mom's blood donations and so much more is called Survival Math.
杰克逊的书名为《生存数学》，其中写到了他母亲的献血等等。
This American Life is delivered to public radio stations by PRX, the Public Radio Exchange.
《美国生活》由公共广播电台 PRX 向公共广播电台播出。
Our website, thisamericanlife.org, where you can listen to our archive of over 700 episodes for absolutely free.
我们的网站 thisamericanlife.org，您可以在其中完全免费收听我们的 700 多集档案。
Thanks, as always, to our program's confounder, Mr. Torey Malatia.
一如既往地感谢我们计划的混杂者 Torey Malatia 先生。
You know, he is counting down the days till Memorial Day.
你知道，他正在倒计时，直到阵亡将士纪念日。
Oh my god.
我的天啊。
I'm going to wear white pants again.
我又要穿白裤子了
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Back next week with more stories of This American Life.
下周我们将带来更多《美国生活》的故事。
[MUSIC - "HOW CAN YOU MEND A BROKEN HEART" BY AL GREEN]
[音乐 - 阿尔·格林的《你如何才能治愈一颗破碎的心》]
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。