729: Making the Cut - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #729 | January 8, 2021 729: Making the Cut Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 729 集 | 2021 年 1 月 8 日 729：剪辑 注：《This American Life》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.
如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue: Prologue Ira Glass Government in this country, you may have heard, is not running so smoothly these days.
序言： 序言 艾拉·格拉斯政府，你可能听说过，这个国家的政府最近运转得不太顺利。
That was true in the United States Capitol this week if you were a senator wanting to do the official count of electoral college votes, having your work delayed by an angry mob.
本周在美国国会大厦，如果你是一名参议员，想要对选举人团选票进行正式统计，而你的工作却被愤怒的暴徒耽搁了，情况就是如此。
That was true if you were a dentist in New York City, hoping to get a COVID vaccine from your state government.
如果您是纽约市的一名牙医，希望从州政府获得新冠疫苗，情况确实如此。
Dentists are supposed to be in group 1A, according to the Centers for Disease Control guidelines.
根据疾病控制中心的指导方针，牙医应该属于 1A 组。
They were supposed to be in the very first group to get the vaccine, because peering closely into people's open mouths all day puts them in danger of a virus that is carried by droplets on people's breath.
他们本应是第一批接种疫苗的人，因为整天密切注视人们张开的嘴会使他们面临感染人们呼吸中的飞沫携带的病毒的危险。
But when they started rolling out the vaccine in December in New York, not only did dentists not get vaccinated--
但当他们十二月在纽约开始推出疫苗时，牙医不仅没有接种疫苗——
Alisa Neymark's a New York dentist.
艾丽莎·内马克是纽约的一名牙医。
She says she and other dentists did get emails from their state dental association.
她说她和其他牙医确实收到了来自州牙科协会的电子邮件。
I can send you some of the emails that they've sent to me.
我可以向您发送他们发送给我的一些电子邮件。
And they're just very confusing.
它们非常令人困惑。
Confusing like how?
怎样才算迷惑呢？
Alisa Neymark Like they're confused.
艾丽莎·内马克：他们好像很困惑。
They say, we know that dentists are in group 1A.
他们说，我们知道牙医属于 1A 组。
We don't yet know when or how you'll be able to make an appointment.
我们尚不知道您何时或如何进行预约。
For Dr. Neymark, at one level-- and I don't want to overstate this.
对于内马克博士来说，在某种程度上——我不想夸大这一点。
She seems like a careful, measured kind of person, who does not get up on a soapbox.
她看起来是一个谨慎、谨慎的人，不会在演讲台上讲话。
At one level, to her, it is not surprising that dentists would get this kind of treatment.
在某种程度上，对她来说，牙医接受这种治疗并不奇怪。
Dentists, she says, they don't get respect.
她说，牙医得不到尊重。
There is a bias against dentists.
人们对牙医存在偏见。
There is definitely-- there's a cultural kind of fear.
肯定存在一种文化上的恐惧。
I'm just thinking about that-- what's the movie--
我只是在想——这部电影是什么——
I thought she was going to say Marathon Man, but no.
我以为她会说“马拉松男子”，但没有。
The Hangover.
宿醉。
She meant The Hangover, where Ed Helms plays a dentist.
她指的是《宿醉》，艾德·赫尔姆斯在剧中扮演一名牙医。
And he's a dentist.
他是一名牙医。
And he gets made fun of for being a dentist, right?
他因为是牙医而被嘲笑，对吗？
It's like this big joke that we have.
这就像我们开的一个大笑话。
Oh, you're not a doctor.
哦，你不是医生。
You're a dentist.
你是一名牙医。
So not even being told when they'd get the vaccine, even though they're 1A, she said par for the course.
因此，即使他们是 1A 级，甚至没有被告知他们何时接种疫苗，她说这是理所当然的。
She and other New York dentists did get an official email on New Year's Eve, an email that had been sent out at the very businesslike time of 5:07 PM, New Year's Eve, that did have a promising link to vaccination locations.
她和其他纽约牙医确实在除夕夜收到了一封官方电子邮件，这封电子邮件是在除夕夜 5 点 07 分这一非常务实的时间发出的，其中确实包含了疫苗接种地点的链接。
But when Dr. Neymark clicked on that link with her information, she found there's nothing for dentists in New York City.
但当内马克医生点击包含她的信息的链接时，她发现纽约市没有任何牙医可以提供的信息。
It isn't just that they seem to be at the back of the line.
不仅仅是因为他们似乎处于队伍的最后面。
It's the lack of information.
这是缺乏信息。
That's what gets to Dr. Neymark.
这就是内马克博士的想法。
She finally did learn when the state would be vaccinating dentists, but it wasn't from any official source.
她最终确实了解到该州何时将为牙医接种疫苗，但这不是来自任何官方来源。
Somebody she knew just texted her.
她认识的一个人刚刚给她发短信。
The vaccinations were supposedly going to start this week, the week that began Monday, January 4th, the fourth week of the vaccine rollout.
疫苗接种预计将于本周开始，即从 1 月 4 日星期一开始的一周，即疫苗推出的第四周。
But when she tried to actually schedule an appointment for a shot on the official website, there seemed to be no available appointments for dentists.
但当她尝试在官方网站上实际预约注射时，似乎没有可以预约的牙医。
But people have been checking, and so, we've been emailing each other.
但人们一直在检查，所以我们一直在互相发送电子邮件。
So it's kind of this underground network, people who are kind of looking out for each other.
所以这是一个地下网络，人们互相照顾。
Oh, I know that you haven't been vaccinated yet.
哦，我知道你还没有接种疫苗。
I just got an appointment.
我刚刚有个约会。
Let me text you.
让我给你发短信。
So, basically, it's this underground thing, like it's a Russia under Stalin or something.
所以，基本上，这是一个地下的事情，就像斯大林统治下的俄罗斯或其他什么一样。
And you guys are passing each other little pieces of paper, saying, here's where you go for your shot.
你们互相传递小纸片，说，这是你们射击的地方。
Exactly, it's like, the bread line is over there.
确实，就像，面包线就在那里。
Mm-hmm.
嗯嗯。
Alisa Neymark Go ahead and sign up.
艾丽莎·内马克 继续注册吧。
I was actually born in the Soviet Union, so.
我实际上出生在苏联，所以。
[LAUGHS]
[笑]
Oh, you were?
哦，你是吗？
Alisa Neymark I was, yeah.
艾莉莎·内马克 我是，是的。
Yeah, I'm ready.
是的，我准备好了。
Ira Glass I talked to somebody on the New York State Vaccine Distribution Task Force, which is supposed to be advising the state on how to do all this.
艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass）我与纽约州疫苗分发工作组的某人进行了交谈，该工作组应该就如何做到这一切向该州提供建议。
Her name's Rose Duhan.
她的名字叫罗丝·杜汉。
She also runs the Community Healthcare Association of New York State, where she says she is spending all day, every day, trying to distribute vaccine.
她还经营着纽约州社区医疗保健协会，她说她每天都在努力分发疫苗。
I have to say, she made a pretty convincing case for why dentists are not being vaccinated till week four, even though they're designated 1A.
我不得不说，她提出了一个非常令人信服的理由来解释为什么牙医直到第四周才接种疫苗，尽管他们被指定为 1A。
In New York state, the state estimated that there are two million healthcare workers, two million people who fall into that 1A priority.
在纽约州，该州估计有 200 万医护人员，即 200 万人属于 1A 优先事项。
So that's a lot of people.
所以这样的人很多。
And it's just not feasible to vaccinate everybody the first day.
第一天就给所有人接种疫苗是不可行的。
So the state decided the first dibs should go to people who are in more immediate danger, like medical personnel who care directly for COVID patients and nursing home staffs and residents.
因此，该州决定首先应将权利授予那些面临更直接危险的人，例如直接照顾新冠患者的医务人员以及疗养院的工作人员和居民。
When I ran that by Dr. Neymark, she agreed it seemed sensible.
当我向内马克博士转述时，她同意这似乎是明智的。
But nobody had told this to her.
但没有人告诉她这件事。
Nobody is pretending vaccine distribution is going well in New York right now.
目前没有人假装纽约的疫苗分发进展顺利。
The state has only managed to administer about 40% of the vaccine that it's been given, which is actually better than the country as a whole, which has used about a fourth of the vaccine that's out there.
该州只注射了所接种疫苗的约 40%，这实际上比整个国家要好，后者使用了现有疫苗的约四分之一。
But still, the phrase that Rose Duhan used to describe her own feeling about how it's going was this.
但罗丝·杜汉仍然用这句话来描述她自己对事情进展的感受。
Somewhat panicked.
有点慌了。
[LAUGHS] Ira Glass She ticked off some of the many, many logistical challenges they faced-- figuring out which facilities could deliver the most shots and how to staff and schedule and track hundreds of thousands of people getting vaccine.
[笑] Ira Glass 她列举了他们面临的许多后勤挑战中的一些——弄清楚哪些设施可以提供最多的疫苗，以及如何配备人员、安排和跟踪数十万人接种疫苗。
They had to create scheduling software to figure out what to do in smaller health centers if people don't show up for appointments, which is an issue because once you have opened up a vial of the vaccine, you have to use all the 10 doses inside of it in a few hours, or they go bad.
他们必须创建调度软件，以弄清楚如果人们没有按时赴约，在较小的卫生中心该怎么做，这是一个问题，因为一旦你打开一瓶疫苗，你必须在几个小时内用完里面的所有 10 剂疫苗，否则它们就会变质。
There are health centers who have been told to vaccinate people from other kinds of facilities, like mental health providers.
有些卫生中心被告知要为来自其他类型设施的人接种疫苗，例如心理健康服务提供者。
And the health centers are trying to figure out, OK, how much allocation do they have, how much of the other provider's staff can they accommodate, how can they get those people either to come to the health center, or is there a way to get some of the vaccine to those residential settings.
卫生中心正在试图弄清楚，他们有多少配额，可以容纳多少其他提供者的员工，如何让这些人来到卫生中心，或者有没有办法将一些疫苗送到这些住宅区。
Oy.
哎哟。
It's so-- I don't know.
是这样的——我不知道。
The details are so kind of mind numbing when you describe it.
当你描述它时，细节是如此让人麻木。
Yes.
是的。
Ira Glass I love that this process begins on the front end with these super geniuses using this incredibly advanced science to invent the thing.
Ira Glass 我喜欢这个过程从前端开始，这些超级天才使用这种令人难以置信的先进科学来发明这个东西。
That was the hard part.
这是最困难的部分。
And then, just literally, like, how do we schedule people from this facility into a time when we can get enough of them to use all the dose in the vial?
然后，从字面上看，就像我们如何安排来自该设施的人员到我们可以让足够的人使用小瓶中的所有剂量的时间？
That's where we're getting stuck.
这就是我们陷入困境的地方。
Yes, and I think that's really where the people who do that kind of thing don't get enough credit.
是的，我认为这确实是做这种事情的人没有得到足够的认可的地方。
Exactly.
确切地。
Right.
正确的。
Ira Glass There's no Nobel Prize for scheduling people.
艾拉·格拉斯 (Ira Glass) 调度人员没有诺贝尔奖。
One person who finally did get scheduled-- Dr. Neymark.
最终得到安排的人是内马克博士。
Though the only appointment that a dentist like her could get was 40 miles away.
尽管像她这样的牙医唯一能预约的地方是在 40 英里之外。
The situation we're in now is that the CDC made a carefully thought out plan for who should get immunized first and second and third.
我们现在所处的情况是，疾病预防控制中心针对谁应该首先接种、第二次接种和第三次接种制定了经过深思熟虑的计划。
And then, that plan collided with reality.
然后，这个计划与现实发生了冲突。
And when and where we'll all get our vaccine is going to depend on these logistical details and how well they are managed.
我们何时何地获得疫苗将取决于这些后勤细节及其管理情况。
Today on our program, we see just how common this is.
今天在我们的节目中，我们看到了这种情况是多么普遍。
We have other stories of this happening-- scarce resources that need to go to somebody and how they end up getting allocated, whether those resources are a place to stay for the night, or love and companionship being redistributed in all kinds of new ways since the pandemic.
我们还有其他关于这种情况的故事——需要分配给某人的稀缺资源以及它们最终如何分配，这些资源是否是过夜的地方，或者自大流行以来以各种新方式重新分配爱和陪伴。
From WBEZ Chicago, it's This American Life.
来自芝加哥 WBEZ 的《This American Life》。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Stay with us.
留在我们身边。
Act One, God Committee.
第一幕，上帝委员会。
So we start with this example of a very pure situation of people who have been given the difficult task of trying to figure out how to distribute something important-- in fact, in this case, life-saving medicine.
因此，我们从这个非常纯粹的例子开始，人们被赋予了一项艰巨的任务，试图弄清楚如何分配一些重要的东西——事实上，在这种情况下，是救命药物。
They're deciding basically who will live or die, and the very idealistic solution they came up with.
他们基本上决定谁将生存或死亡，以及他们提出的非常理想主义的解决方案。
Lilly Sullivan tells the story, which starts, as you might expect, with a medical breakthrough.
莉莉·沙利文（Lilly Sullivan）讲述了这个故事，正如您所预料的那样，故事始于医学上的突破。
Back in 1960, a doctor named Belding Scribner had a patient-- a young man with kidney problems.
早在 1960 年，一位名叫贝尔丁·斯克里布纳 (Belding Scribner) 的医生收治了一位患有肾脏问题的年轻人。
It was something Dr. Scribner had no way to treat, so he had to send the guy home to his family to die.
斯克里布纳医生没有办法治疗这种病，所以他不得不将这个人送回家，让他的家人等死。
The case haunted Dr. Scribner.
这个案子一直困扰着斯克里布纳博士。
One night, he woke up at 4:00 AM with an idea, a way he could have saved that man-- a Teflon tube that could be stitched into the blood vessels of the arm and stay implanted there.
一天晚上，他在凌晨 4:00 醒来，想到了一个可以拯救那个人的方法——一根特氟隆管，可以缝入手臂的血管并留在那里。
It made long-term dialysis possible for the first time.
它首次使长期透析成为可能。
They'd pull the blood out of someone's body, clean it the way a kidney does, and put it back in.
他们将从某人体内抽出血液，像肾脏一样对其进行清洁，然后将其放回体内。
People called it a medical miracle, an artificial organ that could cheat death.
人们称之为医学奇迹，一种可以欺骗死亡的人造器官。
There was a problem, though.
但有一个问题。
The machine they came up with was big and complicated.
他们想出的机器又大又复杂。
They built it from a Sears Roebuck freezer that they'd modified with a bunch of other parts.
他们用西尔斯·罗巴克 (Sears Roebuck) 冰箱改造而成，并用许多其他零件进行了改造。
Nurses called the machine "the monster" because it was so big and unwieldy.
护士们称这台机器为“怪物”，因为它太大而且笨重。
And every patient needed to spend dozens of hours each week connected to it.
每个患者每周都需要花费数十个小时与之连接。
And only five of these machines existed.
这些机器只有五台。
This was still in the experimental stages, so they could only take care of a few people.
这还处于实验阶段，只能照顾几个人。
And there were thousands of people dying from kidney failure every year in the country.
该国每年有数千人死于肾衰竭。
So, on one hand, a miracle.
所以，一方面，这是一个奇迹。
On the other, Dr. Scribner had traded one harrowing problem, a medical one, for an equally harrowing ethical problem.
另一方面，斯克里布纳博士用一个令人痛苦的医学问题换成了一个同样令人痛苦的道德问题。
How do you choose which few to save and which thousands would die?
你如何选择拯救哪些少数人以及牺牲哪些数千人？
Dr. Scribner started getting flooded with requests from people desperate to be put on the machine.
斯克里布纳博士开始收到大量渴望加入这台机器的人们的请求。
The pressure was crushing him.
压力压垮了他。
Saying no was ensuring a person's death.
说“不”就意味着一个人的死亡。
He went to the administrators who were helping to oversee this whole project and asked for help.
他向帮助监督整个项目的管理员寻求帮助。
The administrators took it from there.
管理员从那里拿走了它。
The first thing the administrators decided is, you know what?
管理员决定的第一件事是，你知道吗？
This isn't a medical decision at all.
这根本不是一个医疗决定。
This is a societal decision.
这是一个社会决定。
So they decided to assemble a group of people.
于是他们决定召集一群人。
They chose these people not because these people had any medical knowledge-- or, really, any relevant experience at all.
他们选择这些人并不是因为这些人有任何医学知识，或者实际上没有任何相关经验。
These were ordinary people, hand-picked to represent a cross-section of moral American society.
这些人都是普通人，经过精心挑选，代表了美国社会道德的各个阶层。
I am a lawyer.
我是一名律师。
Lilly Sullivan This is from a documentary from 1965.
Lilly Sullivan 这是 1965 年的一部纪录片。
I am a labor leader.
我是一名劳工领袖。
Woman I'm a housewife.
女人我是一名家庭主妇。
I am a clergyman.
我是一名牧师。
Man 6 The names, the faces of those who serve on this committee are never made known to those who apply for the places on the kidney machine.
6 那些申请肾机席位的人永远不会知道该委员会成员的姓名和面孔。
The committee was strict about anonymity.
该委员会严格要求匿名。
In the documentary, their heads are darkened so you can't see their faces.
在纪录片中，他们的头被熏黑，所以你看不到他们的脸。
These people had just been going about their lives when the dialysis center's administrators asked them to come in.
当透析中心的管理人员要求他们进来时，这些人刚刚开始生活。
One of the people in the group, a young minister, told them it wasn't for him to choose who would live and die.
小组中的一位年轻牧师告诉他们，谁生谁死不是由他决定的。
The doctor said, "We are not asking you to decide who will die.
医生说：“我们并不是要你决定谁会死。
This is already determined.
这已经是确定的了。
We are asking you to help decide who will be given the opportunity of extended life." The minister agreed to do it.
我们请求您帮助决定谁将获得延长生命的机会。”部长同意这样做。
They all did.
他们都这么做了。
A few of them said it would be too cruel to force this responsibility onto someone else.
他们中的一些人表示，将这个责任强加给别人太残忍了。
Officially, they were called the Admissions and Policies Committee of the Seattle Artificial Kidney Center at Swedish Hospital.
他们的正式名称是瑞典医院西雅图人工肾中心入院和政策委员会。
But a lot of people called them the God Committee.
但很多人称他们为上帝委员会。
At the time-- again, this is in 1960-- there was no blueprint for this.
当时——还是 1960 年——还没有这方面的蓝图。
The doctors gave them no guidelines.
医生没有给他们任何指导。
The committee considered first come, first served, or drawing straws.
委员会考虑先到先得，或者抽签。
But they'd been told to use their consciences.
但他们被告知要用良心。
So they came up with a set of principles and rules.
因此他们提出了一套原则和规则。
The first rules were clear-cut.
第一条规则是明确的。
The treatment was in Seattle, so they'd only look at applicants who lived in Washington state.
治疗是在西雅图进行的，因此他们只会考虑居住在华盛顿州的申请者。
Washington taxpayers were funding the research.
华盛顿纳税人资助了这项研究。
They also decided no one over 45.
他们还决定没有人超过 45 岁。
There could be medical complications.
可能会出现医疗并发症。
And those people had at least had a shot at life.
那些人至少还有过生命的机会。
And no one under 18.
而且没有18岁以下的人。
The treatment was physically and emotionally demanding.
治疗对身体和情感都要求很高。
No one knew how it might affect kids.
没有人知道这会对孩子产生怎样的影响。
But those rules only got them so far.
但这些规则只能起到到目前为止的作用。
They decided they'd base their final selection on something else-- social worth.
他们决定将最终的选择基于其他因素——社会价值。
They'd try to save the person whose death would most hurt society.
他们会尽力拯救那些死亡会对社会造成最大伤害的人。
They made a list of the factors they'd weigh-- marital status, number of dependents, income, net worth-- to pay for the treatment-- sex, education, occupation, emotional stability, past performance, future potential, and personal references.
他们列出了他们要权衡的因素——婚姻状况、受抚养人的数量、收入、净资产——以支付治疗费用——性别、教育、职业、情绪稳定性、过去的表现、未来的潜力和个人推荐。
They made a policy of never meeting any of the candidates in person or even knowing their names because denying a person you'd met face-to-face seemed too hard.
他们制定了一项政策，绝不亲自与任何候选人会面，甚至不知道他们的名字，因为否认你面对面见过的人似乎太难了。
They once let a journalist come see how they made one of these decisions.
他们曾经让一位记者来看看他们是如何做出这些决定的。
They just had a meeting where the doctors had presented them with five applications, and the committee could only pick two.
他们刚刚开了一次会议，医生们向他们提出了五份申请，而委员会只能选择其中两份。
They walked the journalists through how they made that choice, tried to recreate for her the conversation they'd just had.
他们向记者讲述了他们是如何做出这一选择的，并试图为她重现他们刚刚进行的对话。
Here's a transcript of their discussion.
这是他们的讨论记录。
Banker-- "Just to get the ball rolling, why don't we start with number one-- the housewife from Walla Walla?" Surgeon-- "This patient could not commute for the treatment from Walla Walla, so she would have to find a way to move her family to Seattle." Banker-- "Exactly my point.
银行家——“为了让事情顺利进行，我们为什么不从第一名——瓦拉瓦拉的家庭主妇开始呢？”外科医生——“这名患者无法从瓦拉瓦拉前往接受治疗，因此她必须想办法将家人搬到西雅图。”银行家——“正是我的观点。
It says here that her husband has no funds to make such a move."
这里说她的丈夫没有资金采取这样的行动。”
Lawyer-- "Then are you proposing we eliminate this candidate on the grounds that she could not possibly accept treatment if it were offered?" Minister-- "How can we compare a family situation of two children, such as this woman in Walla Walla, with a family of six children, such as patient number four, the aircraft worker?"
律师——“那么您是否建议我们以这位候选人不可能接受治疗为由，淘汰她？”部长——“我们如何将两个孩子的家庭情况（例如瓦拉瓦拉的这名妇女）与一个有六个孩子的家庭（例如四号患者，即飞机工人）进行比较？”
This is something they talk about a lot.
这是他们经常谈论的事情。
If one candidate has one kid and the other has two, should you pick the candidate with two kids?
如果一位候选人有一个孩子，另一位有两个孩子，你应该选择有两个孩子的候选人吗？
They go round and round, trying to answer a question that has no answer.
他们绕来绕去，试图回答一个没有答案的问题。
Labor leader-- "For the children's sake, we've got to reckon with the surviving parent's opportunity to remarry.
工党领袖——“为了孩子们的利益，我们必须考虑尚存父母再婚的机会。
And a woman with three children has a better chance to find a new husband than a very young widow with six children." Surgeon-- "How can we possibly be sure of that?
一个有三个孩子的女人比一个有六个孩子的年轻寡妇更有机会找到新丈夫。”外科医生——“我们怎么能确定这一点呢？
How do the rest of you feel about number three, the small businessman with three children?
你们其他人对第三个、带着三个孩子的小商人有何看法？
I'm impressed that his doctor took special pains to mention that this man is active in church work.
令我印象深刻的是，他的医生特别煞费苦心地提到这个人积极参与教会工作。
This is an indication to me of character and moral strength."
这对我来说是品格和道德力量的体现。”
Housewife-- "Which would certainly help him conform to the demands of the treatment." Lawyer-- "It would also help him to endure a lingering death." Housewife-- "If we're still looking for the men with the highest potential of service to society, I think we must consider that the chemists and the accountant have the finest educational backgrounds of all five candidates."
家庭主妇——“这肯定会帮助他符合治疗的要求。”律师——“这也能帮助他度过余生。”家庭主妇——“如果我们仍在寻找最有潜力为社会服务的男性，我认为我们必须考虑到化学家和会计师在所有五位候选人中拥有最好的教育背景。”
In the end, the people they chose were mostly men, white, and well-off-- people like them.
最后，他们选择的人大多是男性、白人、富裕的人——像他们这样的人。
Which seems inevitable, given the criteria they'd come up with to select for what they called social worth-- education, future potential, income.
考虑到他们提出的选择社会价值（教育、未来潜力、收入）的标准，这似乎是不可避免的。
The treatment cost about $15,000 a year, what would be about $130,000 today, and it often wasn't covered by insurance.
治疗费用每年约 15,000 美元，现在约为 130,000 美元，而且通常不在保险范围内。
They'd written all these rules to try to be fair, but they'd created an outcome that was anything but.
他们制定所有这些规则是为了公平，但他们创造的结果却完全不公平。
Sometimes, when you try to guess your own biases, you come up with a very incomplete list.
有时，当您尝试猜测自己的偏见时，您会得出一个非常不完整的列表。
In a letter the minister wrote a few years later, he talked about how he'd been extra careful to guard against his own biases and not favor people who were good church members.
在几年后这位牧师写的一封信中，他谈到了他如何格外小心地防范自己的偏见，不偏袒优秀的教会成员。
But later on, he worried that he might have gone too far, been unfairly hard on religious people.
但后来，他担心自己可能做得太过分，对宗教人士不公平地严厉。
The final votes were always made by consensus.
最终投票始终以协商一致方式进行。
They said that gave them some comfort.
他们说这给了他们一些安慰。
--some differences.
——一些差异。
I think that we are all of the same opinion at the present time.
我认为目前我们的看法是一致的。
Does everyone agree?
大家都同意吗？
Agree.
同意。
Man 1 Well, I think having arrived at that point, that we are then ready to cast a vote in our poll.
Man 1 嗯，我想既然已经到了这一点，我们就准备好在民意调查中投票了。
All in favor of accepting Mr. D, say aye.
所有人都赞成接受D先生，说是。
Aye.
是啊。
Man 1 And opposed?
男人 1 反对？
Mr. D is accepted as the next candidate for our kidney center.
D 先生被接受为我们肾脏中心的下一位候选人。
It's hard to find many recordings of Dr. Scribner.
很难找到很多斯克里布纳博士的录音。
But I found an oral history recorded decades after all this happened, where he talked about the God Committee.
但我找到了这一切发生几十年后记录的口述历史，其中他谈到了上帝委员会。
The problem, just in a word, was you were faced with more people.
简而言之，问题在于你面对的是更多的人。
Impossible choices.
不可能的选择。
All right.
好的。
Of course it wasn't fair at all, but it was the best we could do, and--
当然，这根本不公平，但这是我们能做的最好的事情，而且——
Dr. Scribner, he talked to these patients constantly.
斯克里布纳医生，他不断地与这些病人交谈。
He couldn't have the distance that the God Committee had.
他不可能有神委员会那样的距离。
I've talked to a few of his patients.
我和他的一些病人交谈过。
They all said he was a really caring doctor.
他们都说他是一位非常有爱心的医生。
And there was one patient he particularly liked, a patient whose experience ended up changing everything for dialysis and for the God Committee.
他特别喜欢一位患者，这位患者的经历最终改变了透析和上帝委员会的一切。
She was a teenage girl named Caroline.
她是一个十几岁的女孩，名叫卡罗琳。
I talked to her mom, Susan.
我和她妈妈苏珊谈过。
She had a sunny personality.
她的性格很阳光。
She was a very happy, happy, happy girl, a very likable one.
她是一个非常幸福、幸福、幸福的女孩，一个非常讨人喜欢的女孩。
Well-rounded, I would like to say.
我想说，全面。
How did you know that Dr. Scribner liked Caroline so much?
你怎么知道斯克里布纳博士这么喜欢卡罗琳？
It's sort of instinctive.
这是一种本能。
As a mother, you get the feeling for if somebody likes your kid or not.
作为母亲，您会感觉到有人是否喜欢您的孩子。
Caroline was 15, a good student, scout leader, taught piano.
卡罗琳 15 岁，是一名好学生、童子军队长，还教钢琴。
When she was sick, the athletes would carry her up and down the stairs at school.
当她生病时，运动员们会背着她上下学校的楼梯。
Kids from her youth group at church would donate blood.
她在教堂的青年小组的孩子们会献血。
When Caroline's kidneys started to fail, Dr. Scribner submitted her case to the committee, even though he knew the rule-- no one under 18.
当卡罗琳的肾脏开始衰竭时，斯克里布纳医生将她的病例提交给委员会，尽管他知道规则——禁止 18 岁以下的人参加。
Did he tell you when he put Caroline in front of the committee?
当他让卡罗琳在委员会面前发言时，他告诉过你了吗？
Did you know that it was going on?
你知道事情正在发生吗？
Did I know what was going on?
我知道发生了什么事吗？
No. No, I didn't know until after the fact that that's what he had done.
不，不，直到他做了那件事之后我才知道。
Oh.
哦。
Susan Vukich Mm-mm.
苏珊·武基奇 嗯嗯。
I didn't know there was a committee to choose who lives and dies.
我不知道有一个委员会来选择谁的生死。
And she was turned down.
她被拒绝了。
What was that like for you?
对你来说那是什么样的？
Susan Vukich I can remember the conversation.
苏珊·武基奇（Susan Vukich） 我记得那次谈话。
I just know I was totally silent-- trying, I guess, to absorb what was being said.
我只知道我完全沉默了——我想，我是在试图吸收别人所说的话。
I don't know how you would put into words the feeling you have when you're delivered a death sentence like that.
我不知道当你被判处这样的死刑时，你会如何用语言来表达你的感受。
A part of you dies.
你的一部分死去了。
Everything stops.
一切都停止了。
And it still does when I think about it, as a matter of fact.
事实上，当我想到这一点时，情况仍然如此。
Were you ever angry that the committee didn't just--
你是否曾经因为委员会不只是——
No. Lilly Sullivan Or that she didn't just--
不，莉莉·沙利文或者她不只是——
I mean, they have their rules and regulations.
我的意思是，他们有他们的规则和规定。
And where you may have 100 people and can only take two, you pretty much have to stick by the rules.
如果你有 100 人，但只能带两个人，你就必须遵守规则。
Dr. Scribner was not content with that decision.
斯克里布纳博士对这个决定并不满意。
He thought he had a good case and had pleaded it well.
他认为他的案子很好，并且辩护得很好。
And I really thought he felt that his cohorts would go along with him.
我真的认为他觉得他的同伙会和他一起。
He was a highly respected man.
他是一位备受尊敬的人。
And I don't think he was used to having anybody say no to him.
我认为他不习惯有人对他说不。
Dr. Scribner tried to find a way.
斯克里布纳博士试图找到一种方法。
He told the committee, "I'll treat her on my own time, nights and weekends.
他告诉委员会，“我会在自己的时间、晚上和周末招待她。
Just let me use the machines." They said no. He couldn't accept it.
让我使用机器吧。”他们说不。他无法接受。
He had another idea, something he'd been thinking about for a while-- a smaller machine, one that someone could take into their house and run themselves without any medical staff.
他还有另一个想法，他已经思考了一段时间了——一台更小的机器，人们可以把它带进家里，在没有任何医务人员的情况下自行运行。
It was nowhere near ready to be tested.
它还远没有准备好接受测试。
And that's where we lucked out.
这就是我们幸运的地方。
And he was going to do whatever it took to keep her around until that machine was ready.
他会尽一切努力把她留在身边，直到那台机器准备好为止。
He called the guy who had helped him build the dialysis machine, an engineer named Albert Babb.
他给帮助他制造透析机的工程师艾伯特·巴布（Albert Babb）打了电话。
He told him about Caroline and said, "Do you think we could make this?
他向他讲述了卡罗琳的事，并说道：“你认为我们能做到吗？
She only has four months." Albert asked Dr. Scribner, "Won't the committee get mad that you're going around them?" Dr. Scribner said, "No, this has nothing to do with them.
她只有四个月的时间。”艾伯特问斯克里布纳博士：“委员会不会因为你绕过他们而生气吗？”斯克里布纳博士说：“不，这与他们无关。
I'll get other funding."
我会得到其他资金。”
The engineer wanted to help.
工程师想帮忙。
His whole team did.
他的整个团队都这么做了。
They weren't technically supposed to.
从技术上讲，他们不应该这样做。
They were at the university, and they were supposed to be working on something else.
他们在大学里，本来应该做点别的事情。
But they worked nonstop to do it.
但他们却马不停蹄地努力做到这一点。
They decided not to tell the university, concerned that the dean would shut it down.
他们决定不告诉大学，担心院长会关闭大学。
Someone on their team would actually do "dean watch," as they called it, keeping an eye out for the dean and warning their team over the intercom if they saw him.
他们团队中的某个人实际上会做“院长观察”，正如他们所说，密切关注院长，如果他们看到他，就会通过对讲机警告他们的团队。
In their lab, they put their designs and sketches on sliding panels.
在他们的实验室中，他们将设计和草图放在滑动面板上。
When the dean entered the building, they'd quickly switch the panels around to hide their work on the machine.
当院长进入大楼时，他们会迅速切换面板以隐藏机器上的工作。
To get around the God Committee, Dr. Scribner set it up independently as a research project.
为了绕过上帝委员会，斯克里布纳博士将其独立设立为一个研究项目。
Caroline would use the dialysis machine at home.
卡罗琳会使用家里的透析机。
Susan would run the whole thing.
苏珊将负责整个事情。
It was presented to us as being a strictly family matter.
它被视为纯粹的家庭事务。
Correct.
正确的。
I believe it was phrased something like, can layman non-professional people assume the role of engineer and nurse?
我相信它的措辞类似于，外行非专业人士可以承担工程师和护士的角色吗？
So, can lay people be trained?
那么，外行人可以接受培训吗？
The engineers finished the new machine in four months and rushed it to Caroline's house in August of 1964.
工程师们用了四个月的时间完成了这台新机器，并于 1964 年 8 月赶到卡罗琳家。
Susan learned how to do what before had only been done in a hospital-- run the machine that would remove her daughter's blood from her body, wash it, and feed it back in through her arm, except it was happening in the basement of her house in a special room they'd set up for Caroline.
苏珊学会了如何做以前只能在医院做的事情——运行机器，从她的身体中取出女儿的血液，清洗它，然后通过她的手臂将其输送回体内，只不过这是在她家的地下室，他们为卡罗琳设立的一个特殊房间里进行的。
I would put her on the machine usually between 6 and 7 o'clock at night.
我通常会在晚上 6 点到 7 点之间让她上机器。
And that would mean taking her off after nine or 10 hours.
这意味着九到十个小时后就让她下班。
So it was early, early morning, and then she would just stay in bed maybe for an hour and then eat breakfast before she went back to school.
所以时间很早，很早，然后她会在床上躺一个小时，然后吃早餐，然后再回学校。
And you'd take her off around 3:00 or 4:00 AM.
你会在凌晨 3:00 或 4:00 左右带她下班。
So you'd wake up in the middle of the night and--
所以你会在半夜醒来然后——
Our machines were so experimental, Lilly.
我们的机器非常具有实验性，Lilly。
Alarms were going off all the time, and then we'd have to figure out what was wrong with it.
警报一直在响，然后我们必须找出问题所在。
A constant problem was that her blood would clot and clog the little tube, the little shunt that Dr. Scribner had invented, in Caroline's arm.
一个持续存在的问题是，她的血液会凝结并堵塞卡罗琳手臂上的小管，即斯克里布纳医生发明的小分流器。
I would have to get out heparin and saline in a syringe and unblock the clot.
我必须用注射器取出肝素和盐水并疏通血栓。
If it was unclottable, that was very painful for her.
如果无法凝固，那对她来说是非常痛苦的。
And it hurt me to pain her that way.
那样地伤害她让我很受伤。
But I mean, you had to get the blood flowing again, and I had no alternative but to do that.
但我的意思是，你必须让血液再次流动，而我别无选择，只能这样做。
That was probably our biggest hurdle, was just keeping her blood moving.
这可能是我们最大的障碍，就是保持她的血液流动。
Were you ever worried that you would get something wrong?
你有没有担心过自己会做错什么？
Oh, sure.
哦，当然。
Sure.
当然。
Oh, sure.
哦，当然。
Sure.
当然。
I mean, when somebody's life is in your hands-- I mean, at least when I felt her life was in my hands, I was always aware that something could go wrong.
我的意思是，当某人的生命掌握在你手中时——我的意思是，至少当我感觉她的生命掌握在我手中时，我总是意识到可能会出现问题。
But I better not let it happen.
但我最好不要让它发生。
You have to concentrate.
你必须集中注意力。
Do everything just right.
一切都做得恰到好处。
Hm.
嗯。
Susan Vukich Because she was sick.
苏珊·武基奇因为她病了。
And I think my feeling was, oh, I hope she feels better after this, because she was sick.
我想我的感觉是，哦，我希望她在这之后感觉好些，因为她病了。
And in just a few weeks, Caroline felt better.
短短几周后，卡罗琳就感觉好多了。
Oh, yeah, she did.
哦，是的，她做到了。
Her eyes sparkled, and she was talkative.
她的眼睛闪闪发亮，说话也很健谈。
And I felt like this was the beginning of a new chapter in our life.
我觉得这是我们生活新篇章的开始。
Yeah.
是的。
How did Dr. Scribner-- do you know how did he feel when he saw that it was working?
当斯克里布纳博士看到它起作用时，你知道他有什么感觉吗？
Oh, of course, he was just jubilant.
哦，当然，他只是高兴而已。
Oh, he was just grinning from ear to ear.
哦，他只是笑得合不拢嘴。
This research project was supposed to take three years to show whether or not home dialysis could be a viable treatment.
该研究项目预计需要三年时间来证明家庭透析是否是一种可行的治疗方法。
But within one year, doctors agreed-- this would work.
但一年之内，医生们同意——这会起作用。
This is what they would do.
这就是他们会做的。
Susan kept dialyzing Caroline, and Caroline kept getting better.
苏珊不断地为卡罗琳做透析，卡罗琳的病情也不断好转。
She graduated high school, started college.
她高中毕业，开始上大学。
But dialysis is a treatment, not a cure.
但透析只是一种治疗方法，而不是治愈方法。
And it was still experimental.
而且它仍然是实验性的。
A person's veins and arteries would often scar over and stop accepting the treatment.
一个人的静脉和动脉常常会留下疤痕并停止接受治疗。
As the doctors had said, it was a chance at extended life.
正如医生所说，这是延长生命的机会。
In Caroline's case, that meant four more years.
对卡罗琳来说，这意味着还要再等四年。
She used up all of her usable veins and arteries.
她用尽了所有可用的静脉和动脉。
And they were having a very difficult time putting her on dialysis, so that during the time she was in the hospital-- it was two or three weeks, I think.
他们很难让她接受透析，因此她住院期间——我想大概有两三个星期了。
I would dialyze her there as best I could for maybe as little as an hour before the blood quit flowing.
在血液停止流动之前，我会尽我所能对她进行透析，时间可能只有一个小时。
Oh.
哦。
Susan Vukich And then, she just deteriorated, Lilly.
苏珊·武基奇 然后，她就恶化了，莉莉。
Oh, I'm so sorry.
哦，我很抱歉。
Susan Vukich She was in intensive care in the hospital.
苏珊·武基奇 (Susan Vukich) 她在医院接受重症监护。
And she died at night when I had gone home.
晚上我回家时她就去世了。
We knew that she wasn't going to come out of it.
我们知道她不会从这件事中走出来。
But so, I guess I was as prepared as anybody could be, knowing that we had done everything we could and that the bottom line is, we'd left a legacy for all the rest of these people-- not only our country, but in the world-- that can live because of what we pioneered.
但所以，我想我和任何人一样做好了准备，因为我知道我们已经做了我们能做的一切，最重要的是，我们为所有其他人留下了遗产——不仅是我们的国家，而是全世界——他们能够因为我们的开创而生存。
After Susan and Caroline showed that home dialysis could work, Dr. Scribner immediately put dozens of patients on home dialysis.
在苏珊和卡罗琳证明家庭透析可行后，斯克里布纳医生立即让数十名患者接受家庭透析。
People around the world started building these machines.
世界各地的人们开始建造这些机器。
It got cheaper.
它变得更便宜了。
And with way more access to dialysis, they no longer needed a committee to play God.
随着透析的机会越来越多，他们不再需要一个委员会来扮演上帝。
The God Committee story now, it's seen as a dark moment in medical history.
现在，上帝委员会的故事被视为医学史上的黑暗时刻。
People actually point to it as the birth of bioethics.
人们实际上将其视为生物伦理学的诞生。
We had to invent an entire field to deal with these questions.
我们必须发明一个完整的领域来解决这些问题。
And we've agreed that having people vote on who makes the cut to live or to die was a bad idea.
我们一致认为，让人们投票决定谁能生存或死亡是一个坏主意。
Although, the truth is, we vote on life and death decisions all the time, just from a greater distance, deciding things like who gets health insurance or where the best hospitals go-- which, in a pandemic, can make all the difference.
但事实是，我们一直在对生死攸关的决定进行投票，只是距离更远，决定诸如谁获得健康保险或最好的医院去哪里等事情——在大流行病中，这可能会产生重大影响。
We decide these things a lot.
我们经常决定这些事情。
We just don't use the words "God Committee." It's easier that way.
我们只是不使用“上帝委员会”这个词。这样比较容易。
Lilly Sullivan, she's one of the producers of our show.
莉莉·沙利文，她是我们节目的制片人之一。
Susan Vukich, the mom in that story, died a few years back.
故事中的母亲苏珊·武基奇几年前去世了。
She was 91.
她91岁了。
After her daughter Caroline died, she spent the rest of her life teaching people how to dialyze their family members at home.
她的女儿卡罗琳去世后，她用余生教人们如何在家中为家人进行透析。
Act Two, Winter's Bone.
第二幕，冬天的骨头。
So when it comes to who will love, that, of course, is not decided by a panel of experts somewhere.
因此，当谈到谁会爱时，这当然不是由某处的专家小组决定的。
We each decide for ourselves who we want to be with.
我们每个人都自己决定我们想和谁在一起。
And one of our producers, Elna Baker, has noticed the way people are deciding on that, deciding on who makes the cut, who gets first date or becomes part of their life in a much bigger way.
我们的制作人之一埃尔娜·贝克（Elna Baker）注意到人们做出决定的方式，决定谁晋级、谁获得第一次约会或以更大的方式成为他们生活的一部分。
In New York City, where she lives, she says all that's changed lately.
她说，在她居住的纽约市，最近一切都发生了变化。
Have you heard about finding your winter?
你听说过寻找你的冬天吗？
I hadn't either.
我也没有。
Apparently, it's a thing single people in New York have been doing since COVID.
显然，这是自新冠疫情以来纽约单身人士一直在做的事情。
Basically, over the summer and fall, people started scrambling to find someone, anyone, before winter in a second lockdown.
基本上，在夏天和秋天，人们开始争先恐后地在冬天第二次封锁之前寻找某人。
Back in August, completely oblivious to this phenomenon, I went on a date with a guy.
早在八月份，我完全没有注意到这种现象，就和一个男人约会了。
We met on Hinge, the dating app.
我们是在约会应用程序 Hinge 上认识的。
Our first date, we'd spent six feet apart in a park.
我们第一次约会时，我们在公园里相距六英尺。
For our second date, we met at an outdoor restaurant.
第二次约会时，我们在一家露天餐厅见面。
It was going well.
进展顺利。
We just put in our order when he said, "What do we do about Hinge?" "What do you mean?" "I mean, do I delete my profile?" "Why would you delete your profile?" "Because I met this really great girl, and I'm totally into her."
当他说“我们该怎么处理铰链？”时，我们刚刚下了订单。 “你是什么意思？” “我的意思是，我要删除我的个人资料吗？” “你为什么要删除你的个人资料？” “因为我遇到了这个非常棒的女孩，我完全喜欢她。”
I paused.
我停了下来。
"Is it-- me?" "Yes, of course." I was so confused.
“是——我吗？” “是的当然。”我很困惑。
I'd had to pull up Hinge right before the date to remind me of his name.
我不得不在约会前拉起铰链来提醒我他的名字。
And he was ready to be exclusive.
他已经准备好成为独一无二的了。
I am not new to dating.
我对约会并不陌生。
This doesn't happen.
这不会发生。
Straight men in New York City rarely want relationships.
纽约市的直男很少想要恋爱关系。
The whole game is to stay single.
整个游戏就是保持单身。
At best, you get invited into their harem-- one of three or four people they're sleeping with.
最好的情况下，你会被邀请进入他们的后宫——与他们一起睡觉的三四个人之一。
No one ever wants to eliminate the possibility of other options so quickly.
没有人愿意这么快地消除其他选择的可能性。
But then, this kept happening.
但后来，这种情况不断发生。
I'd go on dates, and everyone wanted to have road trip style marathon bonding sessions that lasted hours longer than usual.
我去约会，每个人都想参加公路旅行式的马拉松式的联谊活动，比平常持续时间长几个小时。
They wanted to see me again.
他们想再次见到我。
They sent me flowers.
他们给我送了花。
They even held hands.
他们甚至还牵着手。
This was my first time back in the game for a while.
这是我一段时间以来第一次重返游戏。
I'd taken a break from dating for nearly a year.
我已经暂停约会近一年了。
I'd gone through a bad breakup.
我经历了一次糟糕的分手。
I left town for a while, did some therapy, meditated.
我离开城镇一段时间，做了一些治疗、冥想。
And now, back on the scene, I felt like Rip Van Winkle, waking up to a world where men suddenly wanted commitment.
现在，回到现场，我感觉就像瑞普·范·温克尔一样，醒来发现一个男人突然需要承诺的世界。
I went on 10 dates.
我参加了 10 次约会。
Of them, nine wanted to keep seeing me.
其中有九人想继续见到我。
By comparison, three years ago, when I was last single, I went on 35 dates.
相比之下，三年前，当我最后一次单身时，我约会了 35 次。
Of them, two wanted to keep seeing me.
其中有两个人想继续见到我。
I thought, did I get hot?
我心想，我是不是热了？
All those months of work on myself had really paid off.
我自己这几个月的努力确实得到了回报。
I told this all to my friend Hamza.
我把这一切告诉了我的朋友哈姆扎。
"Did I get hot?" "Did you get hot?" He could not stop laughing.
“我热了吗？” “你热了吗？”他忍不住笑了。
"You idiot, it's COVID."
“你这个白痴，这是新冠病毒。”
That's when Hamza explained about people trying to find their winter.
就在那时，哈姆扎解释了人们试图寻找冬天的事情。
A friend of a friend named Christine, a single woman in her 50s, told me, in her experience, it's not subtle.
一位名叫克里斯汀的朋友的朋友，一位 50 多岁的单身女性，告诉我，根据她的经验，这并不微妙。
One or two men has said to me, winter's coming, and I'm really hoping to meet someone to spend the winter with.
一两个男人对我说，冬天来了，我真的很希望能遇到一个人一起过冬。
They've said that.
他们这么说过。
Another person I talked to, Kelsey, 22, said she recognized what was happening early because she used to see it in Chicago every winter.
与我交谈的另一个人，22 岁的凯尔西 (Kelsey) 说，她很早就意识到了正在发生的事情，因为她过去每年冬天都会在芝加哥看到这种情况。
Before temperatures dropped to below 0 and going outside was a non-starter, people would rush to couple up.
在气温降至 0 度以下、无法外出之前，人们会争先恐后地结伴而行。
She said everyone called it cuffing season, as in handcuffs.
她说每个人都称其为“铐季节”，就像戴上手铐一样。
I was out.
我出去了。
I was kind of seeing this guy casually, and we were out one night.
我是偶然见到这个人的，有一天晚上我们出去了。
And we were sitting down at the bar, kind of talking.
我们坐在吧台边聊天。
And he was like, "Oh, by the way, we're together, right?" And I was like, "Oh my God, you don't know me.
他说：“哦，顺便说一句，我们在一起了，对吧？”我当时想，“天啊，你不认识我。
Like, no. I don't want to be exclusive with you." And by the end of the night, he had gone home with someone else.
就像，不。我不想和你有排他性。”到了晚上，他已经和别人一起回家了。
So basically, it was like-- it was musical chairs.
基本上，这就像——抢椅游戏。
He was trying to sit down in my chair, and I said no. And he found another open chair, and he was done.
他想坐在我的椅子上，我拒绝了。他找到了另一张空着的椅子，然后他就完成了。
And he had a great cuffing season, and I'm sure that relationship ended by the time people were going out again.
他度过了一个很棒的赛季，我确信当人们再次出去时，这种关系就结束了。
Kelsey says now it's COVID cuffing season, like we're living in a forever winter.
凯尔西说，现在是新冠疫情季节，就像我们生活在一个永远的冬天一样。
We're supposed to stay in.
我们应该留在里面
Dating multiple people is reckless.
与多个人约会是鲁莽的。
So people are settling.
所以人们正在安定下来。
She told me one roommate of hers ended up with a girl he wouldn't normally be into around Thanksgiving.
她告诉我，她的一位室友最终娶了一个他通常不会在感恩节前后喜欢的女孩。
And then, another one left and is now living in a van in Colorado with an ex-boyfriend.
然后，另一个人离开了，现在和前男友住在科罗拉多州的一辆面包车里。
But she doesn't want to date, but I think she just didn't want to be anywhere near New York.
但她不想约会，但我想她只是不想去纽约附近的任何地方。
That's like an extreme cuff, destination cuff.
这就像一个极端袖口、目的地袖口。
I guess you'd think it'd be nice.
我猜你会认为这很好。
After all these years of rejection, guys being into me right off the bat or being texted, "I miss you," hours after meeting.
经过这么多年的拒绝，人们立刻就喜欢上了我，或者在见面几个小时后就发短信说“我想你”。
But here's the problem with what they're doing.
但这是他们所做的事情的问题。
Projecting, building up an entire fantasy based on barely knowing someone-- that's my thing.
在几乎不了解某人的基础上投射、构建一个完整的幻想——这就是我的专长。
You can't take my thing.
你不能拿走我的东西。
One time, I liked a guy so much after meeting him once that I spent a week imagining all the dates we'd go on together, including one where we got stoned and bought crayons spontaneously and colored in coloring books.
有一次，我在见过一个人之后就非常喜欢他，以至于我花了一周的时间想象我们一起进行的所有约会，其中包括我们喝醉了酒、自发地买了蜡笔并在涂色书上涂色的约会。
By the time we went out again, I'd been on so many imaginary dates with him, my brain genuinely didn't know the difference between real life and what I'd pretended we'd done.
当我们再次出去时，我已经和他进行了很多想象中的约会，我的大脑真的不知道现实生活和我假装我们所做的事情之间的区别。
But only one person can do that at a time.
但一次只有一个人可以做到这一点。
Otherwise, you're both too into it way too soon.
否则，你们都太早投入其中了。
And that's bringing delusion to delusion, and it cancels the whole thing out.
这就是把妄想带入妄想，然后把整个事情都消除了。
Now, I feel like I'm on the other side of the equation.
现在，我觉得我站在等式的另一边。
And watching people try to find their winter, I am watching what I used to do and how disturbing it must have been.
看着人们试图寻找他们的冬天，我正在看着我过去所做的事情以及它一定是多么令人不安。
I get why 33 out of 35 men passed on me.
我明白为什么 35 个男人中有 33 个放弃了我。
It's offputting.
真令人反感。
I told Kelsey, I don't like this new world of musical chairs we're living in.
我告诉凯尔西，我不喜欢我们生活的这个抢椅子的新世界。
But the real question is, do you need a chair?
但真正的问题是，你需要一把椅子吗？
I've just really-- I'd so much rather just be dancing around and not have a chair.
我真的——我宁愿只是到处跳舞，而没有椅子。
It's nice to sit on a chair sometimes.
有时坐在椅子上也不错。
Sometimes, you got to sit on a chair.
有时，你必须坐在椅子上。
Sometimes you've got to sit on a chair.
有时你必须坐在椅子上。
But if it's an uncomfortable chair, you're going to be more miserable in the chair than not in a chair.
但如果椅子不舒服，你坐在椅子上会比不坐在椅子上更痛苦。
Oh, gosh, I don't know.
哦，天哪，我不知道。
I had this-- oh my God, I was getting out of the subway.
我有这个——天啊，我正走出地铁。
I was getting out of the subway.
我正要走出地铁。
And this guy approached me, and he had a mask on.
这个家伙向我走来，他戴着面具。
And he was like, "Excuse me.
他就像是，“对不起。
Can I ask you a question?" And I thought for sure he was going to ask directions.
我可以问你一个问题吗？”我确信他会问路。
So I said, "Yeah."
所以我说：“是的。”
And he was like, "I just bought a farm upstate, and I'm growing my own locally sourced produce.
他说，“我刚刚在北部买了一个农场，我正在种植自己的本地农产品。
And I'm looking for a girl to get in a relationship that I can bring upstate with me.
我正在寻找一个可以和我一起去州北部建立关系的女孩。
Is this something you would be interested in?"
这是你会感兴趣的事情吗？”
You should have given him my number.
你应该把我的电话号码给他。
I'm interested.
我有兴趣。
[LAUGHTER] Elna Baker I was like, what is happening to the world?
[笑声] Elna Baker 我当时想，世界发生了什么？
Is this truly the end of days?
这真的是末日吗？
Also because I'm used to guys using, like, "I work in finance," or, "I have financial stability." Like, using things to reel me in, but never crops.
还因为我习惯了人们使用“我在金融行业工作”或“我的财务稳定”之类的说法。就像，用东西来吸引我，但从来没有收获。
No one has ever said, "I have--"
从来没有人说过：“我有——”
Crops, but it's totally-- he's using his space.
农作物，但这完全是——他正在利用他的空间。
He's like, "I have fresh air and land." That's capital right now.
他说，“我有新鲜的空气和土地。”这就是现在的资本。
That is total-- it's total capital right now.
这是总计——现在是总资本。
I get that it's hard to be alone.
我明白独自一人很难。
But this level of desperation is a bit much.
但这种程度的绝望有点过分了。
He was a step away from saying, "I have a van, two shotguns, and a can of gas.
他差一步就说：“我有一辆货车、两支猎枪和一罐汽油。
Get in.
进去吧。
We can make it at least two weeks before the zombies catch up to us." When, really, all we're in danger of is watching Netflix alone.
我们至少可以在僵尸追上我们之前两周到达。”实际上，我们面临的危险就是独自观看 Netflix。
I thought I could never be this way.
我以为我永远不可能变成这样。
But as I talked to people, I admired the single-minded practicality of some of these New Yorkers.
但当我与人们交谈时，我钦佩其中一些纽约人的一心一意的务实精神。
My friend Mica is a psychologist.
我的朋友米卡是一位心理学家。
She says people suffer when they're isolated.
她说，人们在被孤立时会感到痛苦。
People need to be touched.
人是需要被感动的。
She went looking for a winter to preserve her mental well-being.
她去寻找一个冬天来保持她的精神健康。
She's not deceiving anyone.
她没有欺骗任何人。
She's clear about what she's looking for-- a warm body.
她很清楚自己在寻找什么——一个温暖的身体。
Which doesn't sound very romantic, but I feel like that's kind of where we're at-- where I'm at-- in this moment.
这听起来不太浪漫，但我觉得这就是我们此时此刻所处的位置——我所在的位置。
Until I get my vaccine.
直到我接种疫苗。
Elna Baker And you're totally fine with it being someone that you wouldn't normally be attracted to or want to spend time with?
埃尔娜·贝克（Elna Baker）：作为一个你通常不会被吸引或不想与之共度时光的人，你完全可以接受吗？
Well, I'm having to come into that.
好吧，我必须谈谈这一点。
I'm having to lower my standards.
我不得不降低我的标准。
So I guess I used to be picky.
所以我想我以前很挑剔。
I guess I had my list that had to be checked off, like money in the bank, good credit.
我想我有一份必须核对的清单，比如银行里的钱、良好的信用。
Also a gentleman.
也是一位绅士。
Has the same vision as me, right?
和我有同样的愿景吧？
We're aligned, and we both want to build and community and close the racial wealth gap.
我们是一致的，我们都希望建立社区并缩小种族贫富差距。
You know, whatever.
你知道，无论如何。
Be a Black power couple.
成为一对黑人权力夫妇。
I used to have on my dating profiles, I would just say, "looking for the Barack to my Michelle." That's all I would put.
我曾经在我的约会档案中，我只会说，“寻找我的米歇尔的巴拉克。”这就是我想说的。
Someone that I--
有人让我——
Yeah, but Barack with Michelle because Michelle's smarter than him, better than him, and he values that.
是的，但是巴拉克和米歇尔在一起，因为米歇尔比他聪明，比他更好，而且他看重这一点。
And yet, she pushes him to greatness.
然而，她却把他推向了伟大。
And now, well, if you can hold a conversation, you're not overtly an asshole, and you're smart enough, yeah.
现在，好吧，如果你能进行对话，那么你就不是一个公开的混蛋，而且你足够聪明，是的。
Even these new lower standards were not low enough.
即使这些新的较低标准也还不够低。
Like, she matched with a guy who had kids, which is usually a deal breaker for her and was a, quote, "filmmaker," which is another deal breaker because she feels like filmmaker is a job everyone in New York claims.
比如，她和一个有孩子的男人配对，这对她来说通常是一个交易破坏者，引用“电影制片人”的话，这也是另一个交易破坏者，因为她觉得电影制作人是纽约每个人都声称的工作。
But she agreed to a first date.
但她同意第一次约会。
He told her he'd bake a pie.
他告诉她他会烤一个馅饼。
She was expecting an entire pie.
她期待着整个馅饼。
He just brought a piece.
他只是带来了一块。
He'd eaten the rest.
剩下的他都吃完了。
But she was willing to overlook it.
但她愿意忽略它。
I was like, you could even tell me about your "film," quote unquote.
我当时想，你甚至可以告诉我你的“电影”，引用不引用。
I'll listen to that.
我会听听那个。
Whatever.
任何。
I'll listen to your stories about-- I don't know-- parenting during remote learning, whatever.
我会听听你关于——我不知道——远程学习期间养育子女的故事，等等。
I'm so willing.
我是那么心甘情愿
But for their second date, he insisted on coming over.
但第二次约会时，他坚持要过来。
She kept pushing for an outdoor restaurant.
她一直在争取一家户外餐厅。
When he said no, she countered with, how about coffee?
当他拒绝时，她反驳道，咖啡怎么样？
Finally, he confessed he'd spent all his money on Thanksgiving dinner, and he couldn't afford it.
最后，他承认他已经把所有的钱都花在了感恩节大餐上，而他负担不起。
She is still seeking a winter.
她仍在寻找冬天。
Most people I talked to weren't as pragmatic as Mica.
我交谈过的大多数人都不像米卡那么务实。
If anything, it's been kind of stunning, seeing people who were players before COVID suddenly questioning their life choices and wanting families, or at least, real love.
如果说有什么不同的话，那就是看到在新冠疫情之前成为球员的人们突然质疑自己的生活选择并想要家庭，或者至少是真正的爱情，这真是令人震惊。
Like my friend Ian, who used to be more of a Mica.
就像我的朋友伊恩一样，他以前更像是一个云母。
Of all the people I saw searching for a winter, I was most surprised by him.
在我见过的所有寻找冬天的人中，最令我惊讶的是他。
When Ian is single, which he usually is, he's prolific.
当伊恩单身时（通常是这样），他是多产的。
He would, as he put it, order men on apps to come to his apartment like you order food on Seamless.
正如他所说，他会在应用程序上命令男人到他的公寓，就像你在 Seamless 上点餐一样。
He also dates women.
他还和女人约会。
But the pandemic broke him-- something about being alone all those months during the first lockdown.
但这场流行病让他崩溃了——在第一次封锁期间的那几个月里，他一直孤身一人。
You can't help but feel like, are we at the end of Fight Club with the world falling down around us, and you better grab onto someone's hand, or else you're going to go through it alone?
你情不自禁地想，我们是否已经到了搏击俱乐部的尽头，周围的世界正在崩溃，你最好抓住某人的手，否则你将独自经历这一切？
Ian would bike through the abandoned city.
伊恩会骑自行车穿过这座废弃的城市。
It was so empty, he laid in the middle of Fifth Avenue one afternoon.
一天下午，这里空无一人，他躺在第五大道中央。
It felt apocalyptic.
感觉就像世界末日一样。
Being alone, it changed him.
孤独改变了他。
When he was dating before, there were always unlimited options, always someone better.
当他以前约会的时候，总是有无限的选择，总是有更好的人。
When you stop seeing everyone as an option, you can't help but start seeing people as The One, for better or worse.
当你不再将每个人视为一种选择时，你就会情不自禁地开始将人们视为唯一的人，无论好坏。
It's so dramatic, the shift.
这个转变太戏剧化了。
Ian Totally.
伊恩 完全。
We're living in a very dramatic time, you know?
我们生活在一个非常戏剧性的时代，你知道吗？
When it starts to get dark at 2:00 PM, you have no choice to be like, alone?
当下午 2:00 天开始黑的时候，你别无选择，独自一人？
No!
不！
You know?
你知道？
Alone in the darkness?
独自一人在黑暗中？
No, I'd rather have someone next to me, and we'll figure it out later.
不，我宁愿有人在我身边，我们稍后再解决。
Being alone also changed Christine.
孤独也改变了克里斯汀。
She's used to being super busy.
她已经习惯了超级忙碌。
She's a successful theater person.
她是一位成功的戏剧家。
She has two kids.
她有两个孩子。
Her ex and her would trade off week to week, and she'd go from having a full house to being completely alone.
她的前夫和她会每周都在权衡，而她会从满屋子变成完全孤独。
She lives facing the highway.
她住在面向高速公路的地方。
And for the first time ever, there was no traffic sound.
有史以来第一次，没有交通噪音。
And I can remember just waking up in the morning or falling asleep at night and just being in my bed and so wishing that there was somebody with me that I could hold and that I could just hug and be with in that silence.
我记得早上醒来或晚上入睡时，躺在床上，希望有人陪着我，我可以拥抱，我可以拥抱，在沉默中陪伴。
And I eventually bought myself a stuffed animal.
我最终给自己买了一个毛绒动物。
[LAUGHS] So.
[笑]所以。
[LAUGHTER] Elna Baker I bought a teddy bear.
[笑声] Elna Baker 我买了一只泰迪熊。
She got a unicorn and wrapped it in a baby blanket.
她买了一只独角兽，并用婴儿毯包裹它。
Christine and Ian, they're not looking for someone to winter with till they get their vaccine.
克里斯汀和伊恩，在接种疫苗之前，他们不会寻找可以一起过冬的人。
They want to find their person.
他们想找到属于自己的人。
They want love.
他们想要爱。
I think the guys I've been dating during COVID are looking for that, too.
我想我在新冠疫情期间约会的那些人也在寻找这一点。
I think they genuinely believe they've found it in me.
我认为他们真的相信他们在我身上找到了它。
Our minds can play tricks on us when we need a break from reality, like the guy who told me he'd had a vision of the woman who he wanted to be with a month before meeting me and that when I walked up to him in the park for the first time, he recognized me because I was literally the woman of his dreams.
当我们需要摆脱现实时，我们的思想会欺骗我们，就像一个人告诉我，在遇见我之前一个月，他已经看到了他想和她在一起的女人，当我第一次在公园里走到他面前时，他认出了我，因为我确实是他梦想中的女人。
Or the guy I dated for a week who told me I was the one and that he'd never felt a connection this powerful.
或者是我约会了一个星期的那个人告诉我我就是那个人，而且他从来没有感受到如此强大的联系。
These are lovely men, every one of them-- I think.
我想，他们每一个人都是可爱的人。
I don't actually know them.
我其实并不认识他们。
Elna Baker is one of the producers of our program.
埃尔娜·贝克是我们节目的制作人之一。
Coming up, working a hotline where you help people who are in desperate need and realizing during one of the calls that you recognize the voice of one of the callers.
接下来，您可以拨打热线电话，帮助那些急需帮助的人，并在其中一个电话中意识到您认出了其中一位来电者的声音。
That's in a minute from Chicago Public Radio, when our program continues.
芝加哥公共广播电台一分钟后我们的节目仍在继续。
It's This American Life.
这就是美国生活。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Today's program, Making the Cut.
今天的节目，《晋级》。
In this difficult moment that we are all living through, with a pandemic and the economy the way it is, we have stories of people who need stuff and how it's decided who's going to get the stuff they need.
在我们都经历的这个困难时刻，在流行病和经济现状的情况下，我们有一些故事，讲述了人们需要东西，以及如何决定谁将获得他们需要的东西。
We have arrived at act three of our program.
我们已经进入了计划的第三幕。
Act Three, Reluctant Bureaucrats.
第三幕，不情愿的官僚。
So when producer Katie Mingle started to put together a series on homelessness for the podcast 99% Invisible, she learned that if you're homeless in the Bay Area, the first thing that everyone tells you is to call this hotline, 211.
因此，当制作人 Katie Mingle 开始为播客 99% Invisible 制作有关无家可归者的系列节目时，她了解到，如果您在湾区无家可归，每个人告诉您的第一件事就是拨打热线电话 211。
That's how you get access to shelter or housing.
这就是您获得庇护所或住房的方式。
She says you would hear about this hotline all the time from people who were experiencing homelessness.
她说你经常会从那些无家可归的人那里听到这个热线。
But usually, when people mentioned it, they were frustrated.
但通常，当人们提到它时，他们都会感到沮丧。
They would say, "I called the number.
他们会说：“我拨通了这个号码。
It didn't help.
这没有帮助。
I didn't get anything." And she wondered what is going on here.
我什么也没得到。”她想知道这里发生了什么事。
So, over the past few months, Katie spent some time with the 211 operators as they took calls.
因此，在过去的几个月里，凯蒂花了一些时间与 211 接线员接听电话。
And it turns out, whether you get access to certain kinds of help depends on exactly how homeless you're considered to be.
事实证明，您是否能获得某些类型的帮助取决于您被视为无家可归的程度。
Not everybody makes the cut.
并不是每个人都能晋级。
Here's Katie.
这是凯蒂。
Rashana Robinson used to answer 211 calls from a small office about halfway between Oakland and San Jose.
拉沙纳·罗宾逊 (Rashana Robinson) 过去常常在奥克兰和圣何塞之间的一个小办公室接听 211 电话。
Now, because of COVID, she takes the calls from her dining room table.
现在，由于新冠疫情，她只能在餐桌上接听电话。
If there's time between calls, she moves around the house like a hummingbird, prepping food for dinner or proofreading her daughter's homework, doing sit-ups.
如果在两次通话之间有时间，她就会像蜂鸟一样在房子里走来走去，准备晚餐的食物或校对女儿的作业，做仰卧起坐。
211 is a crisis hotline for people in need.
211是为有需要的人提供的危机热线。
Since COVID, they've been getting more calls than usual from people who are hungry or need help paying bills or rent.
自新冠疫情爆发以来，他们接到的电话比平时更多，这些人打来饥饿或需要帮助支付账单或房租的人。
The operators can refer them to programs that might be able to offer assistance.
运营商可以向他们推荐可能能够提供帮助的计划。
I talked to a homeowner the other day for almost an hour, losing her home.
前几天我和一位房主聊了将近一个小时，失去了她的家。
Talked to someone else that owns a daycare, losing it.
与拥有日托中心的其他人交谈，失去了它。
May lose her house.
可能会失去她的房子。
Said she's losing her mind.
说她疯了。
It's devastating.
这是毁灭性的。
It's devastating calls now.
现在是毁灭性的电话。
It's a lot more work.
还有很多工作要做。
[PHONE RINGING] It's nonstop.
[电话铃声] 不间断。
Alameda County 211, how can I help you?
阿拉米达县 211，有什么可以帮您的吗？
The most common reason people call, both before and after the pandemic, is homelessness.
在大流行之前和之后，人们打电话的最常见原因是无家可归。
211 can find callers a shelter bed for the night if there are beds available.
如果有空位，211 可以为来电者找到一张过夜的庇护床。
Often, there's not.
通常情况下，没有。
On a good day, they may have four or five to offer.
天气好的时候，他们可能会提供四到五个。
This in a county where there are at least 8,000 people homeless on any given night.
在这个县，每晚至少有 8,000 人无家可归。
Callers seeking something more permanent, like longer term housing, there's not much of that either.
寻求更永久的东西的来电者，例如长期住房，也没有太多。
But 211 can help get callers on a list.
但 211 可以帮助将呼叫者列入名单。
Maybe.
或许。
It all depends on how they answer one question.
这完全取决于他们如何回答一个问题。
And where did you sleep or stay last night?
昨晚你在哪里睡觉或呆在哪里？
Here, Rashana is screening a caller to see if she qualifies as literally homeless.
在这里，拉沙娜正在筛选一位来电者，看看她是否符合字面意义上的无家可归者的资格。
You're literally homeless according to the county guidelines if last night, you slept in a shelter or in some place not meant for human habitation, like a tent or a car.
根据县政府的指导方针，如果昨晚你睡在避难所或某个不适合人类居住的地方，比如帐篷或汽车，那么你实际上就是无家可归者。
But the caller, she's been couch surfing for the past few weeks.
但打电话的人说，过去几周她一直在沙发上冲浪。
And last night, she tells Rashana, she slept in a motel.
昨晚，她告诉拉沙娜，她睡在汽车旅馆里。
Paid for by yourself or?
自己付钱还是？
Katie Mingle Yes, the caller says, paid for by herself.
凯蒂·明格尔（Katie Mingle）是的，来电者说，费用是她自己付的。
But that's not the answer Rashana needs, so she can't forward her on to the next step to get longer term housing.
但这并不是 Rashana 需要的答案，因此她无法让她继续下一步以获得长期住房。
You're welcome.
不客气。
Bye bye.
再见。
Katie Mingle This technicality, what does and doesn't qualify someone for housing, it's upsetting to the callers.
凯蒂·明格尔（Katie Mingle） 这种技术性问题，即某人是否有资格获得住房，这让来电者感到不安。
It's upsetting to Rashana, too.
这也让 Rashana 感到不安。
She thinks about it even when she's not at work.
即使不工作的时候，她也会思考这个问题。
When we're at McDonalds, me and my sister in Union City, that Motel 6, it's always all type of action over there.
当我和我姐姐在联合市的 6 号汽车旅馆去麦当劳时，那里总是有各种各样的活动。
I see this family going in there.
我看到这一家人进去了。
And I see them packing all these bags.
我看到他们收拾所有这些袋子。
Three or four kids, right?
三四个孩子吧？
And it's like, oh, they are homeless, but they can't get help.
就像，哦，他们无家可归，但他们无法获得帮助。
That's fucked up.
真乱来。
And these are the kind of people that will call me, and I say, can't help you because you stayed in a room last night.
这些人会打电话给我，我说，我帮不了你，因为你昨晚呆在房间里。
It's sad, and that's why I tell people, no, I hear you.
这很悲伤，这就是为什么我告诉人们，不，我听到了。
I feel you.
我感觉到你了。
I know you're homeless.
我知道你无家可归。
I'm not saying you're not.
我并不是说你不是。
But Alameda County guidelines, these are the stipulations.
但阿拉米达县的指导方针，这些都是规定。
If callers meet the definition of literal homelessness, they can go into the system and be put on the list.
如果来电者符合字面上无家可归的定义，他们可以进入系统并被列入名单。
There, they get ranked by how needy they are.
在那里，他们根据自己的贫困程度进行排名。
The people considered most in need might get housing in two or three months.
最需要帮助的人可能会在两三个月内获得住房。
But a lot of people just languish at the bottom of the list and never get anything and end up calling 211 again.
但很多人只是在名单的底部苦苦挣扎，却什么也得不到，最后只能再次拨打 211。
It can be a maddening cycle.
这可能是一个令人发狂的循环。
And sometimes, people get so exasperated that they yell at Rashana.
有时，人们会被激怒，对拉沙纳大喊大叫。
She tries to listen, not take it personally, and move on to the next caller, not get too attached.
她试着倾听，而不是把它当成是针对个人的，然后继续接听下一个来电者，而不是太依恋。
But every once in a while, a caller will stick with Rashana long after she hangs up.
但时不时地，来电者会在拉沙娜挂断电话后很长时间仍继续与她联系。
I've heard her recall names of folks she talked to months ago.
我听说她记得几个月前与她交谈过的人的名字。
And in January of last year, she had a call she still thinks about.
去年一月，她接到一个至今仍念念不忘的电话。
Good morning.
早上好。
Thank you for calling Alameda County 211.
感谢您致电阿拉米达县 211。
How can I help you?
我能帮你什么忙？
I'm homeless at Alameda County with a two-year-old son, and--
我在阿拉米达县无家可归，带着一个两岁的儿子，而且——
The caller sounded familiar to Rashana.
拉沙纳觉得来电者听起来很熟悉。
She said she and her son were homeless and looking for help.
她说她和儿子无家可归，正在寻求帮助。
You know, like, a shelter that provides some type of housing after work, something like that, just resources.
你知道，就像一个庇护所，在下班后提供某种类型的住房，类似的东西，只是资源。
So I'm willing to move anywhere that I can get help.
所以我愿意搬到任何可以得到帮助的地方。
Rashana starts asking her usual questions.
拉沙娜开始问她常见的问题。
Have you called 211 before?
您以前打过211吗？
What's your phone number?
你的电话号码是多少？
What's your name?
你叫什么名字？
So my first name is spelled [BLEEP], and my last name is [BLEEP].
所以我的名字拼写为 [BLEEP]，我的姓氏拼写为 [BLEEP]。
Now Rashana knows why the voice sounds familiar, and you can hear her take it in.
现在拉沙娜知道为什么这个声音听起来很熟悉，你可以听到她接受了它。
The person she was talking to was her cousin.
和她说话的人是她的表弟。
The two hadn't seen each other in a long time.
两人已经很久没有见面了。
And her cousin didn't seem to realize she was talking to Rashana.
而她的表弟似乎没有意识到她正在和拉沙娜说话。
OK.
好的。
One moment.
一会儿。
Katie Mingle She puts her cousin on hold and turns to her co-workers.
凯蒂·明格尔 (Katie Mingle) 她让表弟稍等一下，然后转向她的同事。
"Fuck, this is my cousin," she tells them.
“操，这是我的表弟，”她告诉他们。
When she gets back on the call, she seems not to know what to say at all, like she's lost the script completely.
当她重新接到电话时，她似乎根本不知道该说什么，就像她完全失去了剧本一样。
OK, um-- Katie Mingle Finally, she recovers a bit, makes her way through the screening questions.
好吧，嗯——凯蒂·明格尔终于恢复了一点，通过了筛选问题。
And do you have any friends or family you could stay with?
您有可以一起住的朋友或家人吗？
No. Katie Mingle Rashana wants to tell her cousin it's her.
不。凯蒂·明格尔·拉沙纳 (Katie Mingle Rashana) 想告诉她的表弟是她。
But they're deep in the call, and she doesn't know how to say it, so she sticks to the script.
但他们都沉浸在通话中，她不知道该怎么说，所以她只能照着剧本。
It's now nine minutes into the call, and she's finished with the screening interview.
现在通话已经九分钟了，她已经完成了筛选采访。
OK, so you have been determined to be literally homeless.
好的，所以你已经被确定为真正的无家可归者。
By Alameda County guidelines, you have been determined to be literally homeless.
根据阿拉米达县的指导方针，您已被确定为真正的无家可归者。
Rashana tells her cousin that since she's literally homeless, she can pass her through to the next step.
拉沙娜告诉她的表弟，由于她实际上无家可归，所以她可以让她进入下一步。
She might eventually get some help.
她最终可能会得到一些帮助。
And in the meantime, there's one space available in a shelter in Oakland that she could go to right away.
与此同时，奥克兰的避难所里有一个空位，她可以立即前往。
OK, so does this shelter-- how long can I stay in the shelter for?
好的，那么这个避难所——我可以在避难所待多久？
It just depends.
这只是取决于。
It just depends.
这只是取决于。
You could either, um--
你也可以，嗯——
This is Tiny.
这是小小。
Katie Mingle Tiny is Rashana's nickname.
Katie Mingle Tiny 是 Rashana 的昵称。
This is why I sound so-- Caller Are you serious?
这就是为什么我听起来如此—— 来电者，你是认真的吗？
--discombobulated right now.
——现在心乱如麻。
You're messing me up right now.
你现在把我搞乱了。
Oh.
哦。
Yeah, I'm dead serious.
是的，我是认真的。
That's crazy.
太疯狂了。
Rashana Robinson I feel so bad.
拉沙娜·罗宾逊 我感觉很糟糕。
This is not supposed to happen to you all.
这不应该发生在你们所有人身上。
[SOBS] But, um--
[抽泣]但是，嗯——
So I guess I'll take the number to the one in Oakland, and then--
所以我想我会把电话号码转至奥克兰的电话号码，然后——
All right.
好吧。
Caller Well, hi, Tiny.
来电者 嗯，嗨，小小。
[LAUGHS]
[笑]
I know.
我知道。
Katie Mingle For the next few minutes, the two cousins catch up a little, both alluding in vague ways to difficult and complicated family history.
凯蒂·明格尔 在接下来的几分钟里，两个表兄弟聊了一会儿，都含糊地暗示了困难而复杂的家族史。
Yes, it's been hard.
是的，这很难。
Rashana Robinson Yeah.
拉沙娜·罗宾逊 是的。
Man, I know.
伙计，我知道。
I know.
我知道。
I was just talking about you guys the other day.
前几天我刚刚在谈论你们。
It'll get better for you.
对你来说，它会变得更好。
It definitely-- you're seeming still to be a go-getter, and this is the way to do it.
毫无疑问——你看起来仍然是一个积极进取的人，而这就是做到这一点的方法。
I mean, if you got to stay through some shelters and things like that--
我的意思是，如果你必须呆在一些避难所之类的地方——
Rashana's not the only 211 operator to know someone who became homeless.
拉沙纳并不是唯一认识无家可归者的 211 接线员。
Nearly all the operators who work for Alameda County 211 are women of color.
几乎所有为阿拉米达县 211 工作的接线员都是有色人种女性。
And homelessness is disproportionately affecting Black and Brown people in the Bay Area.
无家可归问题对湾区黑人和棕色人种的影响尤为严重。
One operator named Gwen told me she'd been homeless herself for about five years, not that long ago.
一位名叫格温的接线员告诉我，她自己无家可归已经大约五年了，就在不久前。
At the end of the call, Rashana transfers her cousin to the place where she can get on the list for help with housing.
通话结束后，拉沙纳将她的表弟转移到她可以列入住房帮助名单的地方。
I'm going to connect you.
我会联系你。
I got you connected, OK?
我已经帮你联系上了，好吗？
Yeah, I got your number down.
是的，我记下了你的电话号码。
I'm going to text you mine, OK?
我要给你发短信，好吗？
I love you, too.
我也爱你。
Rashana Robinson All right.
拉沙娜·罗宾逊 好的。
Looking back on that call, Rashana recognizes that some of her hesitancy around telling her cousin it was her had to do with her own doubts around what she was ready to offer.
回顾那通电话，拉沙娜认识到，她在告诉表弟这是她的事情时犹豫不决，这与她自己对自己准备提供的东西的怀疑有关。
And I didn't really want to fully, at that point, extend my hand as in a place to stay because I didn't feel like I was in the position to do that.
那时我真的不想完全伸出我的手，因为我觉得我没有能力这样做。
I just didn't want to be faced with that because, in my heart, I wouldn't have had the heart to be like, no, you can't come here.
我只是不想面对这个，因为在我心里，我不忍心说，不，你不能来这里。
Rashana had been in this situation before-- not with this cousin, but with another family member.
拉沙纳以前也遇到过这种情况——不是和这个表弟，而是和另一个家庭成员。
And she knew once you invite someone in, you have to be willing to let them stay until they find another situation.
她知道一旦你邀请某人进来，你就必须愿意让他们留下来，直到他们找到另一种情况。
After that 211 call with Rashana, it ended up being about six months before her cousin was able to get herself back into her own place.
在给 Rashana 拨打 211 电话后，大约六个月后，她的表弟才得以回到自己的住处。
When these operators actually do have something tangible to offer their callers, they jump at the chance.
当这些接线员确实能为呼叫者提供有形的东西时，他们就会抓住这个机会。
At the end of one of her workdays, Rashana answers the phone for a caller who needs a shelter bed tonight.
在一个工作日结束时，拉沙娜接听了今晚需要一张庇护床的来电者的电话。
Luckily, she's just gotten word that five beds have opened up in a shelter in Oakland.
幸运的是，她刚刚得到消息，奥克兰的一个避难所已空出五张床位。
So she has something to offer.
所以她有一些东西可以提供。
Only, there's a problem.
只是，有一个问题。
The client is across town at a kidney dialysis center, and he needs to be at the shelter by 6:00 PM.
该客户位于镇另一侧的肾透析中心，他需要在下午 6:00 之前到达收容所。
It's currently around 10 minutes after 5:00.
目前是 5:00 后约 10 分钟。
So you need to get over to EOCP by 6:00 PM.
因此，您需要在下午 6:00 之前到达 EOCP。
Is there anyone there?
那里有人吗？
No, calm down.
不，冷静。
Calm down.
冷静下来。
It's OK.
没关系。
Is there anyone there that would be willing to give you a ride?
那里有人愿意载你一程吗？
No, no, no, 6:00.
不不不，6:00。
Yeah, 6:00 tonight.
是的，今晚 6:00。
This caller-- his name is James Reese-- was panicking.
这个来电者——他的名字是詹姆斯·里斯——很恐慌。
If he couldn't get into the shelter, he imagined he'd have to sleep outside that night.
如果他进不了避难所，他想那天晚上他就得睡在外面了。
No one here.
这里没有人。
There's no one here to help me.
这里没有人可以帮助我。
Um, let me place you on a quick hold to see what I can do about transportation.
嗯，让我先等一下你，看看我能在交通方面做些什么。
OK?
好的？
Let me place--
让我放置——
The 211 operators don't really have a budget to help callers with transportation.
211 接线员实际上没有预算来帮助呼叫者解决交通问题。
But there is this very small fund, Rashana tells me, for Lyft rides, although she doesn't think this situation meets the criteria to use the funding.
但 Rashana 告诉我，有一个非常小的基金用于 Lyft 乘车服务，尽管她认为这种情况不符合使用该资金的标准。
You don't have a way to even take the bus home, Mr. Reese?
里斯先生，你连坐公交车回家都没有办法吗？
No. I really-- you guys are trying to help me, and I appreciate you so much.
不，我真的——你们正在努力帮助我，我非常感谢你们。
Rashana puts Mr. Reese back on hold and opens the app for Lyft on her computer.
Rashana 再次让 Reese 先生等待，并在她的电脑上打开 Lyft 应用程序。
Her brow is furrowed.
她的眉头皱起。
Her cursor is hovering over the Request Ride button.
她的光标悬停在“请求乘车”按钮上。
She says to me, this is where the humanity comes into it.
她对我说，这就是人性的体现。
Most of the day, it's do you fit the criteria or not.
一天中的大部分时间，问题都是你是否符合标准。
Call the number, read the script, go through the protocols.
拨打电话，阅读脚本，完成协议。
But now, she's going to make her own decision.
但现在，她要做自己的决定。
(WHISPERING) I'm going to do it.
（低声）我会这么做的。
OK, um, Mr. Reese, I'm going to get you a Lyft ride.
好的，嗯，里斯先生，我去帮您搭 Lyft 车。
It's rare having a problem she can solve, even if it means bending the rules a bit.
她能解决的问题很少见，即使这意味着稍微违反规则。
Mr. Reese has 40 minutes to get to the shelter, but it's a 30 minute ride with traffic.
Reese 先生有 40 分钟的时间到达避难所，但如果堵车的话，需要 30 分钟的车程。
Oh, you'll be getting picked up in 3 minutes by a Ricardo.
噢，里卡多 3 分钟内就会来接你。
He's driving a white Honda Accord.
他开着一辆白色本田雅阁。
I'm going to get-- I'll be sitting in the lobby.
我要去——我会坐在大厅里。
Thank you.
谢谢。
Rashana hangs up the phone, but on her computer screen, we can see that Ricardo the driver has pulled up to the address Mr. Reese gave.
拉沙娜挂断了电话，但在她的电脑屏幕上，我们可以看到司机里卡多已经把车停到了里斯先生提供的地址。
He's just sitting there.
他只是坐在那里。
Why is Ricardo just sitting there if Mr. Reese is in his car?
如果里斯先生在他的车里，为什么里卡多只是坐在那里？
Hello?
你好？
Rashana Robinson Hi, Mr. Reese.
拉沙纳·罗宾逊 你好，里斯先生。
He's there.
他就在那儿。
OK.
好的。
Hey, I'm coming out.
嘿嘿，我出来了。
I'm coming out right here.
我就在这里出来。
OK, you may want to hurry.
好吧，你可能想快点。
James Reese OK, OK.
詹姆斯·里斯 好吧，好吧。
Here I go.
我来了。
Thank you.
谢谢。
Mr. Reese, he's now left, and the ride was canceled.
里斯先生，他现在离开了，行程也被取消了。
Huh?
啊？
No, no, I'm right here!
不不不，我就在这里！
Rashana Robinson Hold on one second, Mr. Reese.
Rashana Robinson 等一下，里斯先生。
She puts him back on hold.
她让他重新搁置。
I'm not sure if she's going to get him another Lyft or if that was his one chance.
我不确定她是否会再给他买一辆 Lyft，或者这是否是他唯一的机会。
It's 5:30.
现在是 5 点 30 分。
He'd already be late, but maybe not too late.
他已经迟到了，但也许还不算太晚。
Rashana tries again.
拉沙纳再次尝试。
Robel in a green Toyota Prius will be picking you up in six minutes.
罗贝尔将驾驶一辆绿色丰田普锐斯在六分钟内接您。
Pardon me?
对不起？
Oh, gosh.
哦，天哪。
Hello?
你好？
Rashana Robinson I'm still here, Mr. Reese.
Rashana Robinson 我还在这里，里斯先生。
Oh, OK.
哦，好吧。
Rashana Robinson I have to stay on with you until you get in that car.
拉沙娜·罗宾逊（Rashana Robinson） 我必须一直陪着你，直到你上那辆车。
Mm-hmm.
嗯嗯。
Rashana Robinson Five more minutes.
拉沙娜·罗宾逊 还有五分钟。
He's not going to make it.
他不会成功的。
He'll still be late.
他还是会迟到。
Oh, come on, car.
哦，来吧，车。
Rashana Robinson Oh, he's there.
Rashana Robinson 哦，他在那儿。
He's waiting for you.
他在等你。
Green Toyota Prius.
绿色丰田普锐斯。
OK, Mr. Reese, you may have to walk around and look for a green Toyota Prius.
好的，里斯先生，您可能需要四处走走，寻找一辆绿色的丰田普锐斯。
Come on, let's look for the vehicle.
走吧，我们去找车吧。
OK.
好的。
Rashana Robinson Yes, so you can get in there.
Rashana Robinson 是的，所以你可以进去。
We can see the driver's blue hovering on the screen, circling the block.
我们可以看到司机的蓝色悬浮在屏幕上，绕着街区转。
But they don't seem to be finding each other.
但他们似乎并没有找到彼此。
OK, let me try to call the driver.
好的，我试着给司机打电话。
Hold on one second.
等一下。
There are four more agonizing minutes of back and forth on a conference call between Rashana, Mr. Reese, and Robel, the Lyft driver.
拉沙纳、里斯先生和 Lyft 司机罗贝尔之间的电话会议还有四分钟令人痛苦的来来回回。
Mr. Reese is describing landmarks, describing himself.
里斯先生正在描述地标，描述他自己。
Finally, they find each other.
最后，他们找到了彼此。
I'm getting in the car.
我要上车了
Rashana Robinson You're in the car?
Rashana Robinson 你在车里吗？
Thank you.
谢谢。
I'm in the car.
我在车里。
Rashana Robinson Perfect.
拉沙娜·罗宾逊 完美。
You're going to be a few minutes late, but just calmly explain that you were told to come.
你会迟到几分钟，但只需冷静地解释说你是被告知要来的。
He thanks her.
他感谢她。
She hangs up.
她挂断电话。
Rashana Robinson Good.
拉沙娜·罗宾逊 好。
He's on his way.
他正在路上。
Whoa.
哇哦。
Rashana Robinson Yeah.
拉沙娜·罗宾逊 是的。
Good, that's a good thing.
很好，这是一件好事。
I guess that's what keeps you going, even if it's one person that gets a place inside tonight.
我想这就是让你继续前进的动力，即使今晚只有一个人在里面占有一席之地。
It's like-- [SNIFFS].
就像——[嗅嗅]。
Getting Mr. Reese to that shelter was one real thing before the day's end, one person who Rashana knew for sure wouldn't sleep outside that night.
在这一天结束之前，把里斯先生送到避难所是一件真实的事情，拉沙纳确信有一个人那天晚上不会睡在外面。
It doesn't always go like that.
事情并不总是这样。
I hadn't thought about it that much before this, but bureaucracies aren't just frustrating for the people trying to navigate them.
在此之前我并没有考虑太多，但官僚机构不仅仅让那些试图驾驭它们的人感到沮丧。
They're frustrating for the people working inside of them, too.
对于在其中工作的人来说，它们也令人沮丧。
No one really has any agency, no power to make a decision that could really help someone.
没有人真正拥有任何代理权，没有权力做出真正可以帮助某人的决定。
All the operators told me the best calls are like this one, when they feel like they actually have something to offer.
所有接线员都告诉我，最好的通话就是这样，当他们觉得自己确实可以提供一些东西时。
But calls like this are rare.
但这样的电话很少见。
Mostly, Rashana has to be the voice telling people they're not going to get what they need-- not right away and maybe not ever.
大多数情况下，拉沙纳必须发出声音，告诉人们他们不会得到他们需要的东西——不会立即，也许永远不会。
Katie Mingle, she's normally a producer for the 99% Invisible podcast, though she just released an entire series on homelessness in the Bay Area.
凯蒂·明格尔 (Katie Mingle)，她通常是 99% Invisible 播客的制作人，尽管她刚刚发布了有关湾区无家可归者的整个系列。
It's called According to Need.
这就是所谓的根据需要。
It has big fans on our staff.
它在我们的员工中拥有大量粉丝。
You can check it out on the 99% Invisible podcast feed wherever you get your podcasts.
无论您在何处获取播客，都可以在 99% Invisible 播客提要上查看。
[MUSIC - "I HOPE I GET IT" BY A CHORUS LINE ENSEMBLE]
[音乐 - 合唱团的“I HOPE I GET IT”]
Well, our program was produced today by Lina Misitzis.
嗯，我们今天的节目是由 Lina Misitzis 制作的。
The people who put together today's show include Bim Adewunmi, Elna Baker, Susan Burton, Ben Calhoun, Dana Chivvis, Sean Cole, Aviva De Kornfeld, Hillary Elkins, Noor Gill, Damian Grave, Chana Joffe-Walt, Stowe Nelson, Katherine Rae Mondo, Nadia Reiman, Ari Saperstein, Lilly Sullivan, Christopher Swetala, Matt Tierney, and Diane Wu.
今天节目的制作人包括 Bim Adewunmi、Elna Baker、Susan Burton、Ben Calhoun、Dana Chivvis、Sean Cole、Aviva De Kornfeld、Hillary Elkins、Noor Gill、Damian Grave、Chana Joffe-Walt、Stowe Nelson、Katherine Rae Mondo、Nadia Reiman、Ari Saperstein、Lilly Sullivan、Christopher Swetala、Matt蒂尔尼和黛安·吴。
Our managing editor is Sarah Abdurrahman.
我们的总编辑是萨拉·阿卜杜拉赫曼 (Sarah Abdurrahman)。
Our senior editor is David Kestenbaum.
我们的高级编辑是大卫·凯斯滕鲍姆。
Our executive editor is Emmanuele Berry.
我们的执行主编是埃曼纽尔·贝里 (Emmanuele Berry)。
Special thanks today to Lisa Pollak, Whitney Henry-Lester, Abby Madan, Alison DeJung, Ian Fidance, Andrew Collins, Kelsey Padgett, and Simon Adler and Molly Webster at Radiolab.
今天特别感谢 Radiolab 的 Lisa Pollak、Whitney Henry-Lester、Abby Madan、Alison DeJung、Ian Fidance、Andrew Collins、Kelsey Padgett 以及 Simon Adler 和 Molly Webster。
Our website, thisamericanlife.org, where you can stream our archive of over 700 episodes for absolutely free.
我们的网站 thisamericanlife.org，您可以在其中完全免费地观看我们的 700 多集档案。
This American Life is delivered to public radio stations by PRX, the Public Radio Exchange.
《美国生活》由公共广播电台 PRX 向公共广播电台播出。
Thanks, as always, to our program's co-founder, Mr. Torey Malatia.
一如既往地感谢我们项目的联合创始人 Torey Malatia 先生。
He always notices the little things.
他总是注意到一些小事情。
He started rolling the bottom of my pants in a new way.
他开始以一种新的方式卷起我的裤底。
He is not into it.
他不感兴趣。
That's like an extreme cuff.
这就像一个极端的手铐。
Ira Glass I'm Ira Glass.
艾拉·格拉斯 我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Back next week with more stories of This American Life.
下周我们将带来更多《美国生活》的故事。
[MUSIC - "I HOPE I GET IT" BY A CHORUS LINE ENSEMBLE]
[音乐 - 合唱团的“I HOPE I GET IT”]
This American Life This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
This American Life This American Life 与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。