712: Nice White Parents - This American Life

712：好白人父母

712 · This American Life · 原文

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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #712 | July 31, 2020 712: Nice White Parents Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.

00:00 00:00 文字记录分享此美国生活生活伙伴如何收听剧集推荐关于概述员工公告奖学金工作音乐在路上制作电台常见问题解答提交商品联系我们我们的其他节目商品关注我们生活伙伴订阅我们的时事通讯整集切换音频和文字记录同步文字记录 | 内容第 712 集 | 2020 年 7 月 31 日 712：好白人家长注：《This American Life》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。

If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.

如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。

Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.

文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。

Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.

请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。

Prologue: Prologue Ira Glass From WBEZ Chicago, it's This American Life.

序言：序言来自 WBEZ 芝加哥的 Ira Glass，这就是美国生活。

I'm Ira Glass.

我是艾拉·格拉斯。

So one of our producers, Chana Joffe-Walt, has spent a few years reporting on the history of one school-- it's a public school in a big city-- and at the beginning, we kind of thought the story was about segregation and inequality in public schools.

因此，我们的制片人查纳·乔夫-沃尔特 (Chana Joffe-Walt) 花了几年时间报道一所学校的历史——这是一座大城市的公立学校——一开始，我们认为这个故事是关于公立学校中的种族隔离和不平等的。

But the more she spoke to people and researched what had happened at this one school, the more she realized it was actually about the inordinate amount of power that white parents had at this one school.

但她与人们交谈并研究这一所学校发生的事情越多，她就越意识到这实际上是关于白人家长在这一所学校拥有过多的权力。

And she found so many stories there that we realized we couldn't fit it all into one episode of our program and that we would need to release it as its own little mini-series podcast.

她在那里发现了很多故事，我们意识到我们无法将其全部放入节目的一集中，并且我们需要将其作为自己的小型迷你系列播客发布。

So last week, a little three-minute trailer was released.

所以上周发布了一个三分钟的小预告片。

The name of the show is Nice White Parents.

这部剧的名字叫《好白人父母》。

And even before the first episodes appeared, it became this war-- thousands of ratings and comments online at Apple Podcasts, people saying it's divisive, that it's racist to talk about white parents, giving the show one-star reviews, other people giving it five-star reviews to cancel out the one-star reviews.

甚至在第一集出现之前，它就变成了一场战争——苹果播客上有数千个在线收视率和评论，人们说这是分裂的，谈论白人父母是种族主义，给该剧一星评价，其他人给它五星级评价以取消一星评价。

Remember, nobody had heard the show yet.

请记住，还没有人听过这个节目。

The comments were about some imagined thing that people thought that the show would be, rather than the actual story that Chana tells, which is kind of funny.

这些评论是关于人们认为这部剧会发生的一些想象的事情，而不是查娜讲述的实际故事，这有点有趣。

I think it also speaks to how the entire subject freaks people out so much.

我认为这也说明了整个主题如何让人们如此害怕。

White parent-- how rarely that is explicitly named as the subject of reporting.

白人父母——很少有人明确指出这是报道的主题。

There is so much reporting on people of color as people of color, and so little reporting on white people as white people, even when they're at the heart of a story, as they are with this one.

对有色人种作为有色人种的报道太多，而对白人作为白人的报道却很少，即使他们是故事的核心，就像他们在这个故事中一样。

And when you listen to what Chana found, you feel how rare it is.

当你聆听查纳的发现时，你会感觉到它是多么罕见。

I personally found it illuminating.

我个人觉得它很有启发性。

You can listen and judge for yourself.

你可以自己听，自己判断。

Today, we're presenting right here one of the stories that Chana tells in her series about one of the big turning points in the school's recent history.

今天，我们在这里展示查娜在她的系列中讲述的故事之一，讲述了学校近代史上的一个重大转折点。

Before we start, I want to note everything you're going to hear this hour was recorded before coronavirus arrived, so it is a world where people get together in person with no masks or anything.

在我们开始之前，我想指出这一个小时你们将听到的所有内容都是在冠状病毒到来之前录制的，所以这是一个人们面对面聚集在一起的世界，没有口罩或任何东西。

Don't be shocked.

别感到震惊。

All right, here's Chana.

好吧，这是查娜。

I started reporting this story at the very same moment as I was trying to figure out my own relationship to the subject of this story-- white parents in New York City public schools.

我开始报道这个故事的同时，我正试图弄清楚我自己与这个故事的主题——纽约市公立学校的白人家长的关系。

I was about to be one of them.

我即将成为他们中的一员。

When my kid was old enough, I started learning about my options.

当我的孩子足够大时，我开始了解我的选择。

I had many.

我有很多。

There was our zoned public school in Brooklyn, or I could apply to a handful of specialty programs, a gifted program, or a magnet school, or a language program.

我们在布鲁克林有一个分区公立学校，或者我可以申请一些专业项目、天才项目、磁石学校或语言项目。

So I started to look around.

于是我开始环顾四周。

This was five years ago now, but I vividly remember these tours.

现在已经是五年前的事了，但我对这些旅行记忆犹新。

I'd show up in the lobby of the school at the time listed on the website, look around, and notice that all or almost all of the other parents who had shown up for the 11:00 AM, middle of the workday, early in the shopping season school tour were other white parents.

我会按照网站上列出的时间出现在学校大厅，环顾四周，发现上午 11:00、工作日中间、购物季学校参观的早期出现的所有或几乎所有其他家长都是白人家长。

As a group, we'd walk the halls, following a school administrator, almost always a man or woman of color, through a school full of Black and brown kids.

作为一个团队，我们会跟随学校管理员（几乎总是有色人种的男人或女人）在大厅里行走，穿过一所充满黑人和棕色人种孩子的学校。

We'd peer into classroom windows, watch the kids sit in a circle on the rug, ask questions about the lunch menu, homework policy, discipline.

我们会凝视教室的窗户，看着孩子们在地毯上围成一圈，询问有关午餐菜单、家庭作业政策和纪律的问题。

Some of us would take notes.

我们中的一些人会做笔记。

And the administrators would sell.

管理员会出售。

The whole thing was essentially a pitch.

整个事情本质上就是一场推销。

We offer STEM.

我们提供 STEM。

We have a partnership with Lincoln Center.

我们与林肯中心有合作伙伴关系。

We have a dance studio.

我们有一个舞蹈室。

They were pleading with us to please take part in this public school.

他们恳求我们加入这所公立学校。

I don't think I've ever felt my own consumer power more viscerally than I did shopping for a public school as a white parent.

我认为，我从来没有像作为一名白人家长为公立学校购买商品那样，更本能地感受到自己的消费能力。

We were entering schools that people like us had ignored for decades.

我们正在进入像我们这样的人几十年来一直忽视的学校。

They were not our places, but we were being invited to make them ours.

它们不是我们的地方，但我们被邀请将它们变成我们的地方。

The whole thing was made so much more awkward by the fact that nobody on those tours ever acknowledged the obvious racial difference, that roughly 100% of the parents in this group did not match, say, 90% of the kids in this building.

整个事情变得更加尴尬，因为这些旅行中没有人承认明显的种族差异，这群人中大约 100% 的父母与这栋大楼里 90% 的孩子不匹配。

I remember one time being guided into a classroom and being told that this was the class for gifted kids and noticing, oh, here's where all the white kids are.

我记得有一次，我被引导进一间教室，被告知这是为天才儿童开设的班级，我注意到，哦，这里都是白人孩子。

Everyone on our tour saw this, all of us parents, but nobody said anything, including me.

我们旅行中的每个人都看到了这一点，我们所有的父母，但没有人说什么，包括我。

We walked out into the hallway.

我们走到走廊里。

A mom raised her hand and said, I do have one question I've been meaning to ask.

一位妈妈举手说，我确实有一个问题一直想问。

And the group got quiet.

一行人也安静了。

I was thinking, OK here it comes.

我在想，好吧，它来了。

But then she said, do the kids here play outside every day?

但她又说，这里的孩子每天都在外面玩吗？

I knew the schools were segregated.

我知道学校是隔离的。

I shouldn't have been surprised.

我不应该感到惊讶。

By the time I was touring schools as a parent, I'd spent a fair amount of time in schools as a reporter.

当我作为家长参观学校时，我已经以记者的身份在学校呆了相当多的时间。

I'd done stories on the stark inequality in public education, and I'd looked at some of the many programs and reforms we've tried to fix our schools-- so many ideas.

我写过关于公共教育中严重不平等的故事，我也研究了我们试图修复学校的众多计划和改革中的一些——有很多想法。

We've tried standardized tests and charter schools.

我们尝试过标准化考试和特许学校。

We've tried smaller classes, longer school days, stricter discipline, looser discipline, tracking, differentiation.

我们尝试过小班授课、延长上课时间、更严格的纪律、更宽松的纪律、跟踪、差异化。

We've decided the problem is teachers.

我们已经确定问题出在老师身上。

The problem is parents.

问题出在父母身上。

What is true about almost all of these reforms is that when we look for what's broken, for how our schools are failing, we focus on who they're failing-- poor kids, Black kids, and brown kids.

几乎所有这些改革的真实情况是，当我们寻找问题所在、寻找我们的学校如何失败时，我们关注的是他们失败的对象——贫穷的孩子、黑人孩子和棕色人种的孩子。

We ask, why aren't they performing better?

我们问，为什么他们没有表现得更好？

Why aren't they achieving more?

为什么他们没有取得更多成就？

Those are not the right questions.

这些不是正确的问题。

There is a powerful force that is shaping our public schools, arguably the most powerful force.

有一股强大的力量正在塑造我们的公立学校，可以说是最强大的力量。

It's there even when we pretend not to notice it, like on that school tour.

即使我们假装没有注意到它，它也在那里，就像那次学校巡演一样。

If you want to understand why our schools aren't better, that's where you have to look.

如果你想了解为什么我们的学校没有变得更好，你就必须去看看。

You have to look at white parents.

你必须看看白人父母。

That's what this story is about.

这就是这个故事的主题。

I'm going to take you inside a public school building, an utterly ordinary, squat, three-story New York City public school building not too far from where I live.

我将带你走进一座公立学校大楼，一座非常普通的、矮胖的、三层的纽约市公立学校大楼，距离我住的地方不远。

This isn't one of the schools I toured, and my own kids don't go here.

这不是我参观过的学校之一，我自己的孩子也不去这里。

They're too little.

他们太少了。

This is a middle and high school called the School for International Studies, SIS.

这是一所初中和高中，名为国际关系学院 (SIS)。

The story of this school and its relationship with white parents down the block span 60 years, but the part I want to tell you begins at SIS in the spring of 2015, right before everything at the school changed.

这所学校的故事及其与街区内白人家长的关系跨越了 60 年，但我想告诉你们的部分是从 2015 年春天的 SIS 开始的，就在学校一切都发生变化之前。

In 2015, the students at SIS were Black, Latino, and Middle Eastern kids, mostly from working class and poor families.

2015年，SIS的学生是黑人、拉丁裔和中东孩子，大部分来自工人阶级和贫困家庭。

That year, like the year before and the year before that, the school was shrinking.

那一年，就像前年和前年一样，学校正在缩小。

The principal, Jillian Juman, was worried.

校长吉莉安·朱曼 (Jillian Juman) 很担心。

Yeah, so the last two years, we had 30 students in our sixth grade class.

是的，过去两年，我们六年级班有 30 名学生。

We really have room for 100.

我们确实有容纳 100 人的空间。

So numbers, I think, are hard.

所以我认为数字很难。

Ms. Juman started to reach out to families from the neighborhood, inviting them to please come take a look.

朱曼女士开始联系附近的家庭，邀请他们过来看看。

Parents started showing up for tours of SIS, mostly groups of white parents.

家长们开始参观 SIS，其中大部分是白人家长。

Ms. Juman was thrilled and relieved.

朱曼女士既兴奋又松了口气。

She walked parents through the building, saying, stop me anytime.

她带着父母穿过大楼，说，随时阻止我。

If anyone has any questions, really anything, I want you to feel comfortable.

如果有人有任何问题，真的有什么问题，我希望你感到舒服。

And Ms. Juman says they did have questions, mostly about the poor test scores.

朱曼女士说，他们确实有疑问，主要是关于糟糕的考试成绩。

That was fair.

那是公平的。

Ms. Juman expected those questions.

朱曼女士预料到了这些问题。

She did not expect the other set of questions she got a lot from parents.

她没想到父母还向她提出了很多其他问题。

Is there weapons?

有武器吗？

Is there-- are you scanning?

你在扫描吗？

Are you a scanning school?

你们是扫描学校吗？

Because kids are dangerous, and they have weapons.

因为孩子们很危险，而且他们有武器。

Right.

正确的。

I heard there's fights and those kinds of things.

我听说有打架之类的事情。

I don't know what school you're talking about.

不知道你说的是哪个学校。

I have never heard of that incident ever happening ever.

我从来没有听说过这样的事件发生过。

So the fears of what this building is and what this building has represented has kind of transcended itself.

因此，人们对这座建筑是什么以及这座建筑所代表的事物的恐惧已经超越了自身。

There's a different story of international studies outside this building.

这座大楼外有一个不同的国际研究故事。

How much of that do you think is racism?

您认为其中有多少是种族主义？

I think our entire society is fearful of the unknown.

我认为我们整个社会都对未知感到恐惧。

Excellent principal answer.

优秀的校长答案。

Principal Juman is Black, by the way.

顺便说一句，朱曼校长是黑人。

She needed these parents.

她需要这些父母。

Schools get money per student.

学校按每个学生的收入收取费用。

A shrinking school means a shrinking budget.

学校规模缩减意味着预算缩减。

Ms. Juman was worried, if this continued, the middle school could be in danger of being shut down by the city.

朱曼女士担心，如果再这样下去，这所中学可能会面临被市政府关闭的危险。

SIS is in Cobble Hill, Brooklyn-- leafy streets, brownstones.

SIS 位于布鲁克林的鹅卵石山——绿树成荫的街道，褐砂石建筑。

It's a wealthy, white neighborhood that's gotten wealthier and whiter in the last decade.

这是一个富裕的白人社区，在过去十年中变得越来越富有、越来越白人。

But white families were not sending their kids to SIS.

但白人家庭并没有将孩子送到 SIS。

Ms. Juman told these parents, choose SIS.

Juman女士告诉这些家长，选择SIS。

We're turning things around.

我们正在扭转局面。

We're in the process of bringing in a new, prestigious International Baccalaureate curriculum, renovating the library.

我们正在引进新的、享有盛誉的国际文凭课程，并翻新图书馆。

Here's the new gorgeous yard.

这是新的华丽庭院。

It's an excellent school.

这是一所优秀的学校。

The parents seemed interested, but I believe that might have had just as much to do with what was happening outside of the school as what they were seeing inside the building.

家长们似乎很感兴趣，但我相信这可能与学校外面发生的事情和他们在大楼内看到的事情一样重要。

Sure.

当然。

So my name is Rob Hansen, and I'm a parent.

我的名字是罗布·汉森，我是一名家长。

So we were-- the middle school process is interesting.

所以我们——中学的过程很有趣。

Rob lives nearby SIS, but he had never heard of the school.

Rob 住在 SIS 附近，但他从未听说过这所学校。

In his district, Rob could choose from 11 middle schools.

在他所在的地区，Rob 可以从 11 所中学中进行选择。

The majority of white families sent their kids to the same three schools.

大多数白人家庭将孩子送到同一三所学校。

Rob's white.

罗布是白人。

Those are the schools he'd heard of, and those were the schools he toured.

这些是他听说过的学校，也是他参观过的学校。

But they were packed.

但他们已经挤满了人。

There were too many wealthy white families in the district to continue cramming into just three schools.

该地区有太多富有的白人家庭，无法继续挤进三所学校。

There's a couple of citywide ones where we went and we stood in line for like an hour, an hour and a half, and then joined in an auditorium full of parents, and then had them announce that they were accepting 15 students in the coming class.

我们去了几家全市范围的学校，我们排了大约一个小时、一个半小时，然后加入了一个挤满家长的礼堂，然后让他们宣布他们将在即将到来的班级中接受 15 名学生。

And they'd been running tours all day.

他们整天都在进行旅行。

Most cities have some amount of school choice like this, tours and options.

大多数城市都有一定数量的学校选择、旅游和选择。

New York City, though, is an amped-up version of what happens elsewhere-- the level of competition, the level of wealth, the diversity of people sorting into different schools.

然而，纽约市是其他地方发生的事情的放大版本——竞争程度、财富水平、分入不同学校的人的多样性。

Everything is more intense.

一切都更加激烈。

Rob found this process frustrating.

罗布发现这个过程令人沮丧。

Although Rob is very even-tempered, even when he's frustrated-- he's Canadian-- when he gets especially hot, he starts calling things interesting.

尽管罗布的脾气非常平和，即使在他感到沮丧时——他是加拿大人——当他变得特别热情时，他开始觉得事情很有趣。

And this whole middle school thing was very interesting.

整个中学的事情非常有趣。

He asked other parents on school tours, what are we going to do?

他在参观学校时问其他家长，我们要做什么？

Someone said, have you guys heard of SIS, that building down the block?

有人问，你们听说过街区附近的 SIS 吗？

Rob hadn't.

罗布没有。

The others hadn't.

其他人没有。

They decided to all go check it out together.

他们决定大家一起去看看。

I walked away, and lots of parents walked away from those tours thinking, wow, people are jamming up into some schools, and you're leaving 60 or 70 seats empty, empty all year long.

我走开了，许多家长在离开这些旅行团时心想，哇，人们挤进了一些学校，而你却留下了 60 或 70 个座位，全年都空着。

You have 30 kids.

你有 30 个孩子。

You spread them out around-- and that's a big school.

你把它们分散到各处——那就是一所大学校。

Then all of a sudden you're sort of like, wait a second.

然后突然你有点像，等一下。

There's nobody here.

这里没人。

As Rob toured SIS, he had an idea.

当罗布参观 SIS 时，他有了一个想法。

That night, he emailed Principal Juman, and he asked, would she be open to starting a dual-language French program at SIS?

那天晚上，他给朱曼校长发了一封电子邮件，询问她是否愿意在 SIS 开设双语法语项目？

They had one at the elementary school Rob's kids went to, and everyone loved it.

他们在罗布的孩子们就读的小学里有一个，每个人都喜欢它。

Sure, Principal Juman was open.

当然，朱曼校长很开放。

So Rob started spreading the word.

于是罗布开始传播这个消息。

SIS is starting a dual-language French program.

SIS 正在启动双语法语项目。

We should all go.

我们都该走了。

Rob says there was interest, but a lot of people he talked to had this question-- wait, are other people going?

罗布说有兴趣，但与他交谈的很多人都有这个问题——等等，其他人也会去吗？

And then families have that kind of fear.

然后家庭就会有这种恐惧。

Like, what if I'm-- you know, if I look around, nobody else came with me.

就像，如果我——你知道，如果我环顾四周，没有其他人跟我一起来。

And I came for something that's not here because nobody-- so it's a collective action problem.

我来这里是为了一些不在这里的东西，因为没有人——所以这是一个集体行动的问题。

Wait, why is it a collective-- why do you need a collective?

等等，为什么是一个集体——为什么你需要一个集体？

I think overall there's a collective action issue.

我认为总体而言存在集体行动问题。

But if you're interested in this in part because of the French dual language part of it, if you're the only one to show up, there's no French teacher for one student.

但如果你对此感兴趣，部分原因是其中的法语双语部分，如果你是唯一一个出现的人，那么就没有一个学生有法语老师。

But there's a program if 15 come, if 20 come.

但如果有 15 个人来，如果有 20 个人来的话，就有一个计划。

But we all have to then take one step forward at exactly the same time.

但我们都必须同时向前迈出一步。

The vision requires people to come.

这个愿景需要人们来。

And what if nobody comes?

如果没有人来怎么办？

When it came time to choose middle schools, parents are supposed to rank their top choices.

当选择中学时，家长应该对他们的首选进行排名。

Right before they did, before everyone chose their schools, Rob sent a survey out to the families he'd been talking to, to try to ensure that a group of them would choose SIS together.

就在他们这样做之前，在每个人选择学校之前，罗布向他一直在交谈的家庭发送了一份调查，试图确保他们中的一群人会一起选择 SIS。

It was a simple SurveyMonkey.

这是一个简单的 SurveyMonkey。

If enough people said yes, they'd rank SIS as one of their top picks, and they would be able to act as a collective.

如果有足够多的人同意，他们会将 SIS 列为首选之一，并且他们将能够作为一个集体行动。

People said yes.

人们说是的。

The numbers were stunning.

数字是惊人的。

In 2014, there had been 30 sixth graders at SIS.

2014年，SIS共有30名六年级学生。

In 2015, there would be 103.

2015年，这一数字将达到103个。

That 200% increase was almost entirely white kids.

这 200% 的增长几乎都是白人孩子。

Did you think about yourself as integrators?

您是否认为自己是集成商？

Did you think about--

你有没有想过——

No. My pause was because I was trying to think if that had gone through my mind.

不。我停顿是因为我试图思考我是否想过这一点。

And no. No, not integrators-- participants in a school that was going to hopefully be diverse.

没有。不，不是整合者——学校的参与者希望是多元化的。

But yeah, that's not a framing or a way of thinking about it that would have occurred to me at the time.

但是，是的，这不是我当时会想到的框架或思考方式。

Nobody I talked to from SIS characterized what was happening there as integration, but here's why integration was on my mind.

与我交谈的 SIS 中没有人将那里发生的事情描述为整合，但这就是为什么我想到整合的原因。

The New York City Department of Education was aware their schools were segregated.

纽约市教育部意识到他们的学校是种族隔离的。

It was also aware that desegregation is the most effective way to close the gap in achievement between Black and white students.

它还意识到废除种族隔离是缩小黑人和白人学生之间成绩差距的最有效方法。

But it did not want to mandate racial integration through zoning or school placements.

但它不想通过分区或学校安置来强制种族融合。

The city was trying to make integration happen through choice, hoping to lure white families into segregated schools.

该市试图通过选择实现融合，希望吸引白人家庭进入种族隔离的学校。

The school tours I went on for my own kids, those sparkly programs and amenities, that was the new approach to integration.

我为自己的孩子进行的学校参观，那些闪闪发光的项目和设施，这就是融合的新方法。

But can this work-- for white parents to opt in to integration, not because we have to or because it's the right thing to do, but because it's a selling point?

但这是否可行——让白人父母选择融入社会，不是因为我们必须这样做，也不是因为这是正确的做法，而是因为这是一个卖点？

Because we get a dance studio, and STEM, and a school that was hopefully diverse-- integration without talking about race.

因为我们有一个舞蹈工作室、STEM 和一所希望多元化的学校——融合而不谈论种族。

The kids at SIS, though, they did talk about race immediately.

不过，SIS 的孩子们确实立即谈论了种族问题。

Fall 2015, the first few weeks of school, a senior named Kristen leaned over to her classmate Chris and mumbles, there are a lot of white kids in the school.

2015年秋天，开学的前几周，一位名叫克里斯汀的高年级学生靠向她的同学克里斯，嘟囔道，学校里有很多白人孩子。

And Chris says, oh, yeah, a teacher warned me about that over the summer.

克里斯说，哦，是的，一位老师在夏天警告过我这一点。

He told me, like, oh, there's going to be a lot of white kids coming in, French white kids from upper economic statuses.

他告诉我，哦，将会有很多白人孩子进来，来自较高经济地位的法国白人孩子。

So be prepared for that.

所以要做好准备。

Kristen nods.

Yeah, I guess we were prepared.

是的，我想我们已经做好准备了。

And then she turns to me to say, I should have been ready for that.

然后她转向我说，我应该为此做好准备。

We saw the parents on the tours last year.

去年我们在旅行中见到了父母。

We would see them walk through the hall, but we never knew it was so serious that a whole group of Caucasians would come in, it would be so diverse.

我们会看到他们走过大厅，但我们从来不知道事情会如此严重，以至于一大群白人会进来，会如此多样化。

But it was such a big change.

但这是一个很大的变化。

Not to be prejudiced or anything, but I noticed the big change.

不带偏见什么的，但我注意到了巨大的变化。

High schoolers are more Hispanics and Blacks, and with a few Caucasians.

高中生中西班牙裔和黑人较多，还有一些白人。

And the new group that came in were all Caucasians.

而新进来的一群人都是白人。

They're trying to make it so diverse.

他们正在努力使其变得如此多样化。

Diverse, this was a word I heard over and over in the first few weeks of school-- diversity.

多元化，这是我在开学的最初几周里反复听到的一个词——多元化。

I love diversity, so when I did see other white kids, I'm like, so?

我喜欢多样性，所以当我看到其他白人孩子时，我想，所以呢？

Diversity seemed to have two different definitions.

多样性似乎有两种不同的定义。

White families would talk about all the diversity at SIS, and they were talking about Black and Hispanic kids.

白人家庭会谈论 SIS 的多样性，他们谈论的是黑人和西班牙裔孩子。

When kids of color noted the diversity, they were referring to the new white kids.

当有色人种的孩子注意到多样性时，他们指的是新的白人孩子。

For a lot of kids of color, this looked a lot like something they'd already seen happen in their neighborhoods-- white families showing up in large numbers, taking over stores, familiar spots.

对于很多有色人种的孩子来说，这看起来很像他们在社区里见过的事情——白人家庭大量出现，占领了商店和熟悉的地方。

There's a word for that.

有一个词可以形容这一点。

It's gentrification.

这是中产阶级化。

But I noticed that no one was using that word about the school.

但我注意到没有人用这个词来形容学校。

What was happening here was diversity.

这里发生的是多样性。

That's how the adults talked about it.

大人们就是这么议论的。

Diversity is a good thing, something you're supposed to be OK with.

多样性是一件好事，你应该对此感到满意。

For the most part, the kids were.

大多数情况下，孩子们都是。

It was different for the parents.

对于父母来说，情况有所不同。

Some of them saw specific advantages to the diversity, like Kenya Blount, the co-vice president of the PTA at SIS.

他们中的一些人看到了多样性的具体优势，比如 SIS 家长教师协会 (PTA) 联席副主席肯尼亚·布朗特 (Kenya Blount)。

He was excited.

他很兴奋。

Having the new parents coming in and the diversity that particularly comes from the new-- as I'll call it, the new neighborhood, the way that things are changing in the neighborhood, is that we have a gentleman who his profession is fundraising.

随着新父母的到来，以及特别来自新社区的多样性——我称之为新社区，社区中事物发生变化的方式，是我们有一位绅士，他的职业是筹款。

Rob Hansen, the dad who started the SurveyMonkey.

Rob Hansen，SurveyMonkey 的创始人。

Rob raises money for nonprofits and foundations for a living.

罗布为非营利组织和基金会筹集资金以维持生计。

Over the course of the year, I'll hear Rob Hansen referred to as Todd Hansen, Ted Manson, Mr. Handsome.

在这一年里，我会听到罗布·汉森被称为托德·汉森、特德·曼森、帅先生。

Kenya was the only one who went with the gentlemen whose profession is fundraising.

肯尼亚是唯一一个与以筹款为职业的绅士同行的人。

The most common was just the guy who gets the money.

最常见的是那些拿到钱的人。

Rob told the PTA he was eager to raise money for the school.

罗布告诉家长教师协会，他渴望为学校筹集资金。

To Kenya, this meant more resources at his own kids' school.

对于肯尼亚来说，这意味着他自己孩子的学校可以获得更多资源。

His boys and all the kids could benefit.

他的孩子们和所有的孩子都可以受益。

He has brought on the challenge and taken it upon himself to raise $50,000.

他接受了挑战，并亲自筹集了 50,000 美元。

5-0?

5-0？

Kenya Blount 5, 0, with three zeros after that-- yes, $50,000, which, again, goes back to the whole, I'll say, diversity thing and new people who are thinking outside the box.

Kenya Blount 5, 0，后面是三个零——是的，50,000 美元，这又回到了整体，我想说，多样性的事情和跳出框框思考的新人。

As our PTA, I don't think that we were thinking that big.

作为我们的 PTA，我认为我们并没有想得那么远大。

They were definitely not thinking that big, because the PTA was run by Imee Hernandez and her co-president, Susan Moesker.

他们绝对没有想得那么大，因为 PTA 是由伊梅·埃尔南德斯 (Imee Hernandez) 和她的联席主席苏珊·莫斯克 (Susan Moesker) 管理的。

Imee is not a gentleman who fundraises.

Imee 并不是一位筹款的绅士。

She's a social worker.

The first time I met Imee, she was wearing a T-shirt that said, "I'm not spoiled.

我第一次见到 Imee 时，她穿着一件 T 恤，上面写着：“我没有被宠坏。

My husband just loves me."

我丈夫只爱我。”

She's Puerto Rican, grew up in Brooklyn.

她是波多黎各人，在布鲁克林长大。

Her husband, Maurice, is Puerto Rican and Black, and really does adore her.

她的丈夫莫里斯是波多黎各裔黑人，非常喜欢她。

He grew up in Brooklyn too.

他也在布鲁克林长大。

They have one daughter, one pit bull, one Persian cat, and one school.

他们有一个女儿、一只斗牛犬、一只波斯猫和一所学校。

I make it my business to stick myself in her school.

我以留在她的学校为己任。

[LAUGHS]

[笑]

For Imee, the new diversity, it gave her pause.

对于 Imee 来说，新的多样性让她犹豫了。

Like when I saw in September the population that came in, I was like, oh, that's a little frightening.

就像我在九月份看到进来的人口一样，我当时想，哦，这有点可怕。

[LAUGHS]

[笑]

Chana Joffe-Walt Describe it for people who are on the radio and don't know what you saw.

查纳·乔夫-沃尔特 (Chana Joffe-Walt) 向那些在广播中但不知道您看到了什么的人描述一下。

I saw a lot of white people with very high socioeconomic backgrounds.

我看到很多具有很高社会经济背景的白人。

You know, they have money.

你知道，他们有钱。

And that's great, but money tends to scare people.

这很好，但金钱往往会吓到人们。

And I'm one of the people it scares.

我是它害怕的人之一。

[LAUGHS] I'm one of the people it scares because it twists everything around.

[笑]我是它害怕的人之一，因为它扭曲了一切。

And I don't like that.

我不喜欢这样。

I don't like that.

我不喜欢这样。

I'd rather have a dinner where people of different cultures bring their food and we share together than have somebody else cater it.

我宁愿吃一顿晚餐，让不同文化的人带来他们的食物，我们一起分享，而不是让别人来招待。

That's how I feel you build community.

这就是我觉得你建立社区的方式。

I'm a social worker.

我是一名社会工作者。

That's my background.

这就是我的背景。

And that's what I believe in.

这就是我所相信的。

Imee was in her second year at the school.

Imee 在学校上二年级。

The year before, she put on community events, teacher appreciation, a spring carnival with face painting and hot dogs.

前一年，她举办了社区活动、答谢老师、面部彩绘和热狗的春季嘉年华。

There is money here and there, but Imee's vision for the PTA wasn't really about fundraising.

到处都有钱，但 Imee 对 PTA 的愿景并不是真正的筹款。

The new parents, though, they wanted to be active in their new school, and they were accustomed to supporting their kids' schools by fundraising.

然而，新父母希望在新学校中发挥积极作用，并且习惯于通过筹款来支持孩子的学校。

The two approaches came face to face at a PTA meeting in October.

这两种方法在 10 月份的 PTA 会议上面对面。

Three more minutes-- Woman All right, all right.

再过三分钟—— 女人好吧，好吧。

Oh, you're stressed.

Imee Hernandez Yes, I'm very-- because y'all got your-- you know, you got to go home.

Imee Hernandez 是的，我非常——因为你们都有——你知道，你必须回家。

[LAUGHS] You got to go home.

[笑]你必须回家。

There are about a dozen grown-ups sitting on small, plastic chairs around a classroom table-- the PTA executive board.

大约有十几个成年人坐在教室桌子周围的小塑料椅子上——这是 PTA 执行委员会。

Principal Juman is here too.

朱曼校长也在这里。

Imee's leading, and the principal jumps in.

Imee 领先，校长也加入进来。

She says she wants a minute to share how much the new fundraising committee had raised so far.

她说她想花一点时间分享一下新筹款委员会迄今为止筹集了多少资金。

Imee looks confused.

Principal Juman goes on to say the new fundraising committee has had a lot of success.

朱曼校长接着表示，新的筹款委员会取得了很大的成功。

But total, they have raised, according to Rob, about $18,000.

但据 Rob 称，他们总共筹集了约 18,000 美元。

And then we just had a donation from a family a couple weeks ago who wanted to be anonymous, that they're going to give either $5,000 to $10,000 in December.

几周前，我们刚刚收到一个不愿透露姓名的家庭的捐款，他们将在 12 月捐赠 5,000 至 10,000 美元。

So this is big money.

所以这是一笔大钱。

People seem unclear what to do with their faces.

This is good news, right?

But also, wait?

但还有，等等？

What's the fundraising committee?

Imee turns to her husband, Maurice, a retired cop.

伊梅求助于她的丈夫莫里斯，他是一名退休警察。

Maurice is also the treasurer of the PTA, because when he retired, his wife told him he couldn't just sit around at home.

莫里斯也是家长教师协会的财务主管，因为当他退休时，他的妻子告诉他不能只是坐在家里。

Maurice shrugs at Imee, doesn't seem to know anything about this new money.

莫里斯对伊梅耸耸肩，似乎对这种新钱一无所知。

Imee turns back to Principal Juman.

So can we use that money?

That was the question, if the PTA can have access to this money.

这就是问题所在，PTA 能否获得这笔资金。

Because I know already--

因为我已经知道——

But what is the PTA?

但什么是 PTA？

So that's also the question that keeps going around.

这也是一直存在的问题。

So this $18,000 Rob has raised under the umbrella of PTA.

Rob 在 PTA 的保护下筹集了 18,000 美元。

That's Principal Juman.

那是朱曼校长。

Imee Hernandez OK.

伊梅·埃尔南德斯好的。

I think.

我认为。

Imee Hernandez But who's-- who's got it, and where's it-- this PTA member don't know nothing about it, so, you know.

Imee Hernandez 但是谁——谁得到了它，它在哪里——这个 PTA 成员对此一无所知，所以，你知道。

How can that be accessed for Mr. Negron?

Maurice asks, how can that money be accessed for Mr. Negron, who wants new gym uniforms, or Mr. Lowe to get his microscopes?

莫里斯问道，内格隆先生想要新的健身服，或者洛先生想要买显微镜，如何才能获得这笔钱？

Imee nods.

伊梅点头。

I mean, God bless Rob, and more power to him--

Yeah.

是的。

Imee Hernandez --but he's not an official member.

伊梅·埃尔南德斯——但他不是正式成员。

So I think that's what makes it confusing, at least for me.

所以我认为这就是令人困惑的原因，至少对我来说是这样。

He is a PTA member because he's a parent, but he's not part of the executive board.

他是 PTA 成员，因为他是家长，但他不是执行委员会的成员。

So I think that's what makes it--

所以我认为这就是它的原因——

That's probably true.

这可能是真的。

Imee Hernandez Yeah, it makes it tricky.

Imee Hernandez 是的，这让事情变得棘手。

I mean, and again, I'm not-- he can bring more money, that's great, but, you know.

我的意思是，再说一遍，我不是——他可以带来更多的钱，这很好，但是，你知道。

Principal Juman nods, repeats that she wishes Rob had been able to make it.

朱曼校长点点头，重复说她希望罗布能够成功。

She was hoping everyone could be here and get on the same page about money.

她希望每个人都能在这里并在金钱问题上达成共识。

But Rob is chaperoning a sixth grade overnight trip.

但罗布正在陪同六年级的一次过夜旅行。

They're late getting back.

他们回来晚了。

One mom, a white woman who came in with the new group of sixth graders, says, look, I know Rob.

一位白人妈妈和新来的六年级学生一起进来，她说，看，我认识罗布。

He means well.

他的本意是好的。

I think Rob-- he's a professional fundraiser.

我认为罗布——他是一位专业的筹款人。

Yes, he's great.

是的，他很棒。

Woman 1 And therefore he took it as his initiative--

女人 1 因此他以此为主动——

They need money.

他们需要钱。

Woman 1 --to do the fundraising.

女人1——筹款。

Yeah.

是的。

Woman 1 And I think that's great, but I don't-- he should communicate with the PTA.

女士 1 我认为这很好，但我不——他应该与 PTA 沟通。

And my impression is I don't think he's meaning to offend anybody.

我的印象是我不认为他有意冒犯任何人。

No, no, no. Woman 1 I think he's sort of so laser focused that he's not thinking about, well, maybe you might want to let somebody know what he's doing.

不，不，不。女人 1 我觉得他太专注了，以至于他没有想到，好吧，也许你想让别人知道他在做什么。

And he's been amazing.

他非常棒。

He really has.

他确实有。

Yeah, yeah.

是啊是啊。

That's Principal Juman.

那是朱曼校长。

At this point, everyone seems to feel a little weird about how long they've spent talking about a fellow parent who is not present.

此时，每个人似乎都对自己花了这么长时间谈论一位不在场的家长感到有点奇怪。

And anyway, it's money for the school.

无论如何，这是学校的钱。

We're all for that.

我们都支持这个。

We just need better communication.

我们只是需要更好的沟通。

Imee says, yeah, it's just usually money raised by parents goes through the PTA so we can all talk about where to spend it.

Imee 说，是的，父母筹集的钱通常会通过 PTA，这样我们就可以讨论花在哪里。

And then we have to decide who has the say.

然后我们必须决定谁有发言权。

Because if it's a collective PTA--

因为如果是集体 PTA——

Sorry I'm late.

抱歉我来晚了。

Imee Hernandez Then it would be--

伊梅·埃尔南德斯那么那就是——

Yay.

耶。

Imee Hernandez I can't believe you made it out there every--

Imee Hernandez 我不敢相信你每次都能成功——

Rob walks into the room.

罗布走进房间。

He just got back from the sixth grade trip.

他刚刚从六年级旅行回来。

He sits down, and they all start to talk.

他坐下来，他们都开始说话。

We need to sort out some questions about money.

我们需要解决一些关于金钱的问题。

Then a mom from the fundraising committee says she's worried about me recording and asked me to stop, so I do.

然后筹款委员会的一位妈妈说她担心我录音并要求我停止，所以我就停止了。

Going on.

继续。

Man Being requested, but we don't know--

男子被要求，但我们不知道——

They let me stay though.

但他们让我留下来。

I take notes.

我记笔记。

Rob apologizes and then explains.

罗布道歉并解释道。

A group of them have been meeting to raise money for the school.

他们中的一群人开会为学校筹集资金。

The new dual-language French program is expensive, and they promised the principal they'd help raise money to cover it.

新的法语双语课程费用昂贵，他们向校长承诺将帮助筹集资金来支付费用。

They were just eager to help, Rob says, so they formed a committee.

罗布说，他们只是渴望提供帮助，所以他们成立了一个委员会。

He's really sorry.

他真的很抱歉。

He should have communicated and coordinated better with the PTA.

他应该与 PTA 更好地沟通和协调。

But good news is it's going great.

但好消息是一切进展顺利。

Someone has a contact with the French embassy, a guy at the cultural services arm in New York.

有人与法国大使馆有联系，是纽约文化服务部门的一个人。

And he says he wants to help cover the costs of new French teachers and books.

他说他想帮助支付新法语教师和书籍的费用。

They've already kicked in around $10,000.

他们已经投入了大约 10,000 美元。

At this point in my notes I wrote, "Lots of looks, big money." Rob says, the embassy suggested we do a fundraiser, an event.

此时我在笔记中写道：“外观很多，钱很多。”罗布说，大使馆建议我们举办一场筹款活动。

They can help.

他们可以提供帮助。

Here I wrote, "Looks-- confused, mad?" Nobody really talking.

我在这里写道：“看起来——困惑，生气？”没有人真正说话。

Imee says, this fundraiser will be at the school though, right, and free for everyone?

Imee 说，这次筹款活动将在学校举行，对吧，而且对所有人免费？

Rob says yes.

罗布说是的。

Good, good.

好，好。

She asks one more time-- free?

她又问了一次——免费吗？

I just want to make sure everyone can go.

我只是想确保每个人都可以去。

Lots of nods.

多多点头。

Rob says totally.

罗布说得很对。

This is a community event for our community.

这是我们社区的社区活动。

After about 20 minutes, Imee says, we're out of time, guys.

大约 20 分钟后，Imee 说，我们没时间了，伙计们。

I can't tell if this is out of a professional commitment Imee has to stick to the schedule or a personal commitment to getting out of that room.

我不知道这是出于专业承诺，Imee 必须遵守时间表，还是出于个人承诺离开那个房间。

Before I came to SIS, I never thought much about the role of PTAs ever.

在加入 SIS 之前，我从未过多考虑过 PTA 的作用。

At SIS early on, I had this feeling of, oh, a PTA is actually critical to the success of an integrated school.

很早在 SIS，我就有这样的感觉，哦，PTA 实际上对于综合学校的成功至关重要。

A PTA has a very simple, democratic structure.

PTA 的结构非常简单、民主。

Every parent has an equal vote-- smart.

每个父母都有平等的投票权——聪明。

It's like a built-in system to equalize power, to help them make a budget together, make decisions, set priorities collectively-- or not.

它就像一个内置的系统，可以平衡权力，帮助他们一起制定预算、做出决策、共同确定优先事项——或者不一起。

So we're lucky enough we have Rob here, who has really taken over fundraising and tried to bring it to the next level here in our school.

所以我们很幸运，我们有罗布在这里，他真正接管了筹款工作，并试图将我们学校的筹款工作提升到一个新的水平。

It's another PTA meeting, and the whole collective thing is not really happening.

这又是一次 PTA 会议，而整个集体活动并没有真正发生。

It seems like the new parents are still raising money separate from the PTA, and the communication problems do not seem to be resolved.

看来新父母们仍然在独立于 PTA 之外筹集资金，沟通问题似乎并没有得到解决。

And some of the new parents have an idea.

一些新父母有一个想法。

They propose a formal separation, the PTA and the people doing fundraising.

他们建议 PTA 和筹款人正式分离。

Rob says this way there'll be two organizations collecting money for SIS.

Rob 说，这样就会有两个组织为 SIS 筹集资金。

--is there will be two sorts of ways dollars are raised.

——筹集资金的方式有两种吗？

One would be a community raise-- big sales, direct gifts.

其中之一是社区筹集——大量销售，直接赠送礼物。

That would be the PTA side, the community funds.

那就是 PTA 方面，即社区资金。

Then there would be a separate organization that would go after grants and big donors.

然后会有一个单独的组织来寻求赠款和大额捐助者。

Up until this point, there seemed to be tension bubbling under the surface between the new parents and the old parents, but it wasn't really until this moment that the unsaid started to get said, mostly by Imee's husband, Maurice.

直到此时，新父母和老父母之间的表面之下似乎存在着紧张的气氛，但直到这一刻，未说出口的事情才开始被说出，主要是由伊梅的丈夫莫里斯说出来。

I think a lot of us feel there's two different groups.

我想我们很多人都觉得有两个不同的群体。

There's the fundraising group and a PTA, which is-- you know, that's what it looks like.

有筹款团体和家长教师协会，你知道，这就是它的样子。

You guys have this goal of making $50,000, and it's going to the French program.

你们的目标是赚 50,000 美元，这笔钱将捐给法国项目。

Now, as you said, what about the rest of the school?

现在，正如你所说，学校的其他人呢？

Where's all this money going?

这些钱都去哪儿了？

We have no answer.

我们没有答案。

We don't know.

我们不知道。

That's Maureen, a white mom who's new.

那是莫琳，一位新晋白人妈妈。

There are lots of nods.

有很多点头。

Maurice is asking, is this new money you're talking about, is it just for the new French dual-language program, which is another way of asking, is this money just for your kids, or is it for everybody?

莫里斯问，你所说的这笔新钱是不是专门用于新的法语双语项目，这也是问的另一种方式，这笔钱是专门给你的孩子的，还是给每个人的？

Rob says emphatically, it's for everybody.

罗布强调说，这适合所有人。

Maurice says, really?

莫里斯说，真的吗？

I mean, that's being naive.

我的意思是，这太天真了。

We think, OK, they're going to donate all this money through the French embassy.

我们认为，好吧，他们将通过法国大使馆捐赠所有这些钱。

OK, we're going to buy new chalkboards.

好的，我们要买新黑板。

That's being naive.

那就太天真了。

Now you're saying the $50,000 is going to be for the PTA community to decide where it's going to go.

现在你说这 50,000 美元将由 PTA 社区决定去向。

So, I mean, I hear what you're saying, which sounds great.

所以，我的意思是，我听到了你所说的，听起来很棒。

But again, maybe I'm still thinking about last meeting, when Jillian said, OK, well, we're only going to get a percentage of that.

但同样，也许我仍在考虑上次会议，当时吉莉安说，好吧，好吧，我们只会得到其中的一部分。

So we still don't have an answer.

所以我们仍然没有答案。

Later, talking to Rob, I learned that the new separate fundraising arm he's talking about is actually a foundation.

后来，与罗布交谈时，我了解到他所说的新的独立筹款部门实际上是一个基金会。

They want to create a school-based foundation at SIS.

他们希望在 SIS 建立一个校本基金会。

The plan is to call it the Brooklyn World Project.

该计划将其称为布鲁克林世界项目。

I asked Rob, why do you need another way to raise money?

我问罗布，为什么你需要其他方式来筹集资金？

There's a PTA.

有一个家长教师协会。

Most people have heard of a school PTA.

大多数人都听说过学校 PTA。

Why do you need a separate organization that's not the PTA?

为什么需要 PTA 以外的独立组织？

Yeah.

是的。

So probably the easiest way to explain it is to not think about it from the school side, but to think about it from the potential donor side.

因此，最简单的解释方法可能是不要从学校方面考虑，而是从潜在捐助者方面考虑。

So basic idea that we're following is that the-- let's say the International says, we want to do extend a day, and we want to do theater.

我们遵循的基本想法是——假设国际组织说，我们想要延长一天，我们想要做戏剧。

And so we go and we find a donor who loves theater, and loves the French language, and loves the idea that kids who've never spoken French and had no exposure get the chance to go and compete, actually, against some of the most established schools in the city.

因此，我们找到了一位热爱戏剧、热爱法语、热爱从未讲过法语、也没有接触过法语的孩子们的想法的捐赠者，他们实际上有机会去与城里一些最知名的学校竞争。

And a donor just loves that.

捐赠者就是喜欢这样。

They're like, I love it.

他们就像，我喜欢它。

I love giving that kind of opportunity to kids.

我喜欢给孩子们这样的机会。

I'm going to cover all of that because I think it's that important.

我将介绍所有这些，因为我认为这非常重要。

If that money goes to the PTA, you could have a situation where the PTA says or members of the PTA say, I don't know that we really like the theater program.

如果这笔钱流向 PTA，你可能会遇到 PTA 或 PTA 成员说的情况，我不知道我们是否真的喜欢戏剧节目。

I'm not sure.

我不知道。

I think that we should be using those dollars to do X, or Y, or Z.

我认为我们应该用这些美元来做 X、Y 或 Z。

Now, normally you'd be able to say, well, donor intent is what it is.

现在，通常你可以说，好吧，捐赠者的意图就是这样。

You should probably use it towards what it was intended for.

您可能应该将其用于其预期用途。

You mean normally, in another fundraising context?

你的意思是通常情况下，在另一个筹款背景下？

Yeah, meaning in nonprofits.

是的，意思是非营利组织。

So there's a basic kind of morality of a nonprofit to say, if a donor gives it to you to do something, you should try to do that.

因此，非营利组织的基本道德是，如果捐赠者给你做某事，你应该尽力去做。

Donor intent is an important part of it.

捐助者的意愿是其中的重要组成部分。

It's sort of a trust that's established.

这是一种已经建立的信任。

Rob says because the PTA is a democracy, it makes things complicated.

罗布说，由于 PTA 是一个民主国家，因此事情变得复杂。

The very thing I saw as a strength of a PTA-- one parent, one vote-- to Rob, that's a problem for fundraising.

我认为 PTA 的优势——一位家长，一票——对罗布来说，这就是筹款的问题。

Parents come and go, and change their minds about what's important.

父母来了又走，并改变了对重要事情的看法。

A private donor wants stability, and Rob is trying to raise money for the kind of programming that was available at his son's wealthy elementary school.

一位私人捐助者想要稳定，罗布正在努力为他儿子富裕的小学提供的那种项目筹集资金。

At that school, Rob was co-president of the PTA.

在那所学校，罗布是 PTA 的联合主席。

In the previous year, his PTA pulled in close to $800,000, $800,000, money that paid for after-school programming, and ballroom dancing, chess, art, music, a garden-- $800,000 for a school that is 75% white and serves a tiny fraction of the poor kids in the district.

去年，他的 PTA 收入接近 80 万美元，80 万美元用于支付课外活动、交谊舞、国际象棋、艺术、音乐、花园——80 万美元用于建设一所学校，该学校的人口比例为 75%，为该地区极少数贫困儿童提供服务。

There aren't enough wealthy parents at SIS to raise that kind of money.

SIS 没有足够多富有的家长来筹集这笔资金。

That year, Rob helped raise $800,000, the SIS PTA raised $2,000.

那一年，Rob 帮助筹集了 80 万美元，SIS PTA 筹集了 2,000 美元。

So Rob was trying to be creative.

所以罗布试图发挥创造力。

A foundation was a way for his new school to catch up.

成立基金会是他的新学校迎头赶上的一种方式。

The school leadership, the principal was behind the idea.

学校领导、校长是这个想法的幕后推手。

Ms. Juman told me she saw the foundation as a path to equity and access.

朱曼女士告诉我，她将该基金会视为实现公平和获取机会的途径。

More resources meant they'd be able to provide all kids with opportunities, like, say, a school trip to France.

更多的资源意味着他们能够为所有孩子提供机会，比如学校去法国旅行。

But the parent leadership, they found it annoying.

但家长领导却觉得很烦。

Imee knew the new parents were trying to help the school, but she already liked the school.

Imee 知道新家长正在努力帮助学校，但她已经喜欢上了这所学校。

She felt like she was being saved against her will.

她觉得自己是在违背自己意愿的情况下被拯救的。

Plus, they're new, she said.

另外，它们是新的，她说。

Shouldn't we be the ones helping them?

我们不应该成为帮助他们的人吗？

She was fine with them bringing in ideas, but she didn't understand why they hadn't brought them to her first.

她同意他们提出想法，但她不明白为什么他们不先把这些想法告诉她。

They hadn't thought to consult her.

他们没有想到要咨询她。

She said to me multiple times, why are they coming up with all these private plans and meeting in secret committees?

她多次对我说，为什么他们要提出所有这些私人计划并召开秘密委员会会议？

You were pissed about that?

你为此生气吗？

Imee Hernandez Totally.

伊梅·埃尔南德斯完全正确。

Yeah.

是的。

Imee Hernandez Because I wasn't involved.

Imee Hernandez 因为我没有参与其中。

Because here I am trying to build something with the school.

因为在这里我试图与学校一起建立一些东西。

Why didn't you just involve me?

你为什么不让我参与进来？

Why didn't you just tell me about it?

你为什么不直接告诉我这件事？

It felt like it was a secret.

感觉就像是一个秘密。

I don't know if it was, if it wasn't.

我不知道是不是，如果不是。

I'm invested in the school.

我对学校有投资。

And clearly, I've proven to you I'm invested in the school, and you couldn't tell us that you wanted to fundraise in a different way?

显然，我已经向你证明了我对学校的投资，你不能告诉我们你想以不同的方式筹集资金吗？

Rob and the new parents did tell the principal that they wanted to fundraise in a different way, but Imee felt like, what about the rest of us?

罗布和新父母确实告诉校长，他们想以不同的方式筹集资金，但伊梅觉得，我们其他人呢？

She felt like the PTA was ignored.

她觉得 PTA 被忽视了。

At that last meeting, Imee went quiet.

在最后一次会议上，伊梅沉默了。

She told me she just felt enraged and then embarrassed for feeling so enraged.

她告诉我，她只是感到愤怒，然后又因为如此愤怒而感到尴尬。

I guess I just threw a tantrum.

我想我只是发脾气了。

[LAUGHS] And I just didn't want to be a part of it, which is not right.

[笑]我只是不想成为其中的一部分，这是不对的。

But I think, again, in the moment, I just felt like-- you know, I was hurt.

但我想，在那一刻，我只是感觉——你知道，我受伤了。

Didn't you throw-- was the tantrum the thing I saw?

你不是发脾气了吗——我看到的就是发脾气吗？

Because that did not seem like a tantrum.

因为这看起来不像是在发脾气。

No, that was not a tantrum.

不，那不是发脾气。

I could have been a lot worse, and I was really, really trying to restrain myself.

我本来可以变得更糟，而且我真的非常努力地克制自己。

Yeah, I really was.

是的，我确实是。

That was really under control, really, really under control.

这真的是在控制之中，真的，真的在控制之中。

It wasn't, but it was really, really under control.

事实并非如此，但它确实处于控制之中。

Tantrum?

发脾气？

Yeah, at home with my husband.

嗯，和老公一起在家。

[LAUGHS] That's when I threw my tantrum.

[笑]就在那时我发脾气了。

So it was tense among the parents, but this is a school for children.

所以家长们很紧张，但这是一所孩子们的学校。

Did it matter if the adults were not getting along or who controlled which pot of money?

如果大人们相处不好或者谁控制着哪一笔钱，这有什么关系吗？

Yes, yes it did.

是的，是的，确实如此。

That's coming up after the break from WBEZ Chicago when our program continues.

芝加哥 WBEZ 休息后，当我们的节目继续进行时，就会出现这种情况。

It's This American Life.

这就是美国生活。

I'm Ira Glass.

我是艾拉·格拉斯。

Today's program, Nice White Parents.

今天的节目是《好白人父母》。

Chana Joffe-Walt is telling the story of parents and their influence over the workings of one public school, a public school in Brooklyn called SIS, the School for International Studies.

Chana picks up now where she left off.

查娜现在从上次中断的地方继续。

The school year moved forward.

学年向前推进。

Rob's fundraising committee moved forward with the French embassy to plan the fundraiser.

罗布的筹款委员会与法国大使馆一起筹划筹款活动。

It was now being called a gala.

现在它被称为盛宴。

The PTA moved forward with parent volunteers to plan a spring carnival.

PTA 与家长志愿者一起计划春季嘉年华。

It was being called the spring carnival-- quiet resentments locked in place.

这被称为春季狂欢节——安静的怨恨锁定到位。

Here's Chana.

这是查娜。

I was talking on the phone one night to Imee's co-president on the PTA, Susan Moesker.

一天晚上，我正在和 Imee 的 PTA 联席主席 Susan Moesker 通电话。

She told me she was worried the school was changing in ways that were damaging to the community.

她告诉我，她担心学校的改变会对社区造成损害。

Susan is white herself, but she didn't come in with the new parents.

苏珊本人是白人，但她没有和新父母一起进来。

When she started, her son was one of the only white kids in the school.

当她开始时，她的儿子是学校里唯一的白人孩子之一。

Now Susan felt like they were all being written into a narrative that wasn't true, that SIS was a bad school before, and now that the new white families had arrived, it was being turned around.

It is noticeable.

这是值得注意的。

I think it is something that even my child has picked up on-- just, like, a very different feeling among some of the students and some of the parents.

This real sense, again, that here they come to save our poor, struggling school that couldn't possibly make it on its own without their money and their vision.

And we do not all feel that is necessarily the case.

但我们并不都认为情况一定如此。

What do you feel?

你有什么感觉？

Susan Moesker [CHUCKLES] Uh--

苏珊·莫斯克 [轻笑] 呃——

This was a long conversation.

这是一次很长的谈话。

The upshot, she's not happy with the way the new parents are behaving.

结果，她对新父母的行为方式不满意。

It was true, a new narrative was taking hold at SIS.

确实，一种新的叙述正在 SIS 中流行。

It's not like the kids were talking about it all the time, but it was in the air.

孩子们并不是一直在谈论这件事，但它是在空气中。

And the kids were starting to pick up on who was valued and why.

孩子们开始明白谁受到重视以及为什么受到重视。

In the cafeteria, I'd hear middle schoolers saying, the French kids could kill someone, and they'd get away with it.

在自助餐厅里，我听到中学生说，法国孩子可以杀人，但他们却逍遥法外。

Upstairs in the high school, I'd hear kids complain, all the attention has shifted to the new middle schoolers.

在高中楼上，我会听到孩子们抱怨，所有的注意力都转移到了新的中学生身上。

We're being pushed aside.

我们被推到一边了。

And down in the library, I met three sixth grade boys, white boys new to SIS.

在图书馆里，我遇到了三个六年级男孩，他们是 SIS 刚入学的白人男孩。

They're sweaty from playing soccer and looking very small against their huge backpacks.

他们踢球时满头大汗，在巨大的背包的衬托下显得非常渺小。

These boys, even at 11 years old, they've absorbed the same messages that SIS wasn't so good before.

这些男孩即使只有 11 岁，也已经吸收了同样的信息，即 SIS 以前不太好。

It was a bad school.

那是一所糟糕的学校。

The kids wouldn't pay attention.

孩子们不会注意。

And they had, like-- got to, like, zone out every little thing.

他们必须把每一件小事都排除在外。

And I bet they learned very little.

我敢打赌他们学到的东西很少。

And now this generation with us, I think we're doing a lot better.

现在我们这一代人，我认为我们做得更好了。

And I think that we're learning at a much faster pace.

我认为我们的学习速度要快得多。

He and his friends, they've turned the school around.

他和他的朋友们扭转了学校的局面。

That's what he's learning.

这就是他正在学习的。

It's going to be one of the top choices already in the book.

它将成为书中已有的最佳选择之一。

Like when you're applying to middle schools, you get a book sort of on statuses and stuff.

就像当你申请中学时，你会得到一本关于身份之类的书。

And I think this school's actually really high up in the statuses.

我认为这所学校的地位实际上非常高。

Nobody calls it the book on statuses.

没有人称其为关于地位的书。

They call it a directory of schools with info like enrollment numbers for different schools, test scores, and special programs.

他们称之为学校名录，其中包含不同学校的入学人数、考试成绩和特殊项目等信息。

But I love that he calls it the book on statuses, because this is what happened at SIS.

但我喜欢他称之为“关于地位的书”，因为这就是 SIS 发生的事情。

The school had a bad reputation among white families, and then suddenly it was in demand.

这所学校在白人家庭中名声不佳，但突然间需求旺盛。

Its status had changed because of the white kids.

由于白人孩子，它的地位发生了变化。

A powerful draw for white families into any school is other white families.

对白人家庭进入任何学校的强大吸引力是其他白人家庭。

Once you have a critical mass of white kids, you pass what one city calls a bliss point.

一旦你拥有了足够多的白人孩子，你就会通过一个城市所说的幸福点。

This is a real thing researchers study, how many white kids are needed at a school to make other white families feel comfortable choosing it.

这是研究人员研究的一个真实的事情，一所学校需要多少白人孩子才能让其他白人家庭放心选择它。

That number, the bliss point, is 26%.

这个数字，也就是幸福点，是 26%。

That fall, white families were crowding the school tours at SIS, not because the test scores had improved-- the new scores hadn't even come out yet-- but because the other white families made them feel blissfully comfortable.

Of course, the thing that made the new white parents comfortable coming to SIS in the first place was the promise of a French program.

当然，让新来的白人父母放心来到 SIS 的首要因素是法语课程的承诺。

They wanted French, and they got French.

他们想要法语，他们得到了法语。

So now all the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth graders are learning French.

所以现在所有六年级、七年级、八年级和九年级的学生都在学习法语。

It wasn't a true dual-language program where kids learned in French for half a day or whatever.

这不是一个真正的双语项目，孩子们可以用半天的法语学习或其他什么。

That first year, most of the French was happening in the after-school program.

第一年，大部分法语课程都参加了课外活动。

You sign up for regular after-school stuff like culinary, or soccer, or drama, and it would be conducted in French.

你可以报名参加常规的课后活动，比如烹饪、足球或戏剧，这些活动都会用法语进行。

Hey!

嘿！

Hey!

嘿！

Hey!

嘿！

[CLAPPING] [SPEAKING FRENCH]

[鼓掌][说法语]

We're in the auditorium.

我们在礼堂里。

And it's sweet.

而且很甜。

The kids are on stage, rehearsing this play they wrote in French.

孩子们在舞台上排练他们用法语写的这部戏剧。

And it looked like they're having fun, but I couldn't help feeling like there's something off balance about this.

看起来他们玩得很开心，但我不禁觉得这件事有些不平衡。

Most of the kids doing this drama program seem to be native French speakers, but not all.

大多数参加这个戏剧节目的孩子似乎都是以法语为母语，但并非全部。

A sixth grader named Maya is standing to the side of the stage, script in hand, waiting for her line.

六年级学生玛雅站在舞台旁边，手里拿着剧本，等待台词。

For me, it's like a bit weird because I have no idea what they're saying.

对我来说，这有点奇怪，因为我不知道他们在说什么。

Yeah.

是的。

Really?

真的吗？

Even in the play that you've been practicing, you don't know what they're saying?

连你练的戏你都不知道他们在说什么？

Yeah, I don't know what they're saying still.

是啊，我还是不知道他们在说什么。

Yeah, but sometimes when the teacher talks in French to the class, I don't understand.

是的，但有时当老师用法语向全班同学讲话时，我听不懂。

And do you figure it out, or is it confusing?

你明白了吗，还是感到困惑？

Confusing.

令人困惑。

Chana Joffe-Walt Still, she's excited.

查娜·乔夫-沃尔特尽管如此，她还是很兴奋。

She's grinning watching the other kids on stage.

她微笑着看着舞台上的其他孩子。

She's hanging out with her friend Constance.

她和她的朋友康斯坦斯一起出去玩。

Maya gets up to deliver her lines.

玛雅起身讲台词。

[SPEAKING FRENCH] Constance Oh, you did a wrong line.

[说法语]康斯坦斯哦，你说错了。

You just say [FRENCH].

你只需说[法语]。

And then [FRENCH] would be after.

然后是[法语]。

I thought you had that line.

我以为你有那条线。

Chana Joffe-Walt Constance, a native French speaker, tells Maya, you said the wrong thing.

查纳·乔夫·沃尔特·康斯坦斯（Chana Joffe-Walt Constance）是一位母语为法语的人，她告诉玛雅，你说错了。

Constance corrects her, pronounces it for her.

康斯坦丝纠正了她，为她发音。

OK.

好的。

[SPEAKING FRENCH] Maya [SPEAKING FRENCH]

[说法语] 玛雅 [说法语]

But it's OK.

但没关系。

Maya Yeah, because I can't say it that well.

Maya 是的，因为我不能说得那么好。

Maya says, I can't.

玛雅说，我不能。

And her friend says, I'll do it for you.

她的朋友说，我会为你做的。

[SPEAKING FRENCH] Teacher [SPEAKING FRENCH]

[说法语] 老师 [说法语]

Learning another language is not new to Maya.

学习另一种语言对于 Maya 来说并不新鲜。

My dad speaks Arabic, and my mom's Turkish.

我爸爸说阿拉伯语，我妈妈说土耳其语。

Yes, so confusing, three languages at the same time.

是的，太令人困惑了，同时使用三种语言。

Yeah.

是的。

When the new white parents asked for a dual-language French program at SIS, Principal Juman said yes.

当新来的白人父母要求在 SIS 开设双语法语课程时，朱曼校长答应了。

SIS was supposedly an international school, but she told me they didn't really have a lot of international programming.

SIS 应该是一所国际学校，但她告诉我他们并没有很多国际项目。

So it seemed like a good idea to her.

所以这对她来说似乎是个好主意。

But there was no schoolwide debate about it or consensus.

但全校范围内没有对此进行辩论或达成共识。

The community didn't decide.

社区没有决定。

What if they had?

如果他们有呢？

More than a third of the families at SIS are Hispanic.

SIS 超过三分之一的家庭是西班牙裔。

What if the dual-language program was Spanish or Arabic?

如果双语课程是西班牙语或阿拉伯语怎么办？

10% of the students speak Arabic.

10%的学生讲阿拉伯语。

If they had made a different choice, if SIS had a dual-language Arabic program, Maya would be teaching Constance how to read her lines.

如果他们做出不同的选择，如果 SIS 有双语阿拉伯语程序，玛雅就会教康斯坦斯如何读台词。

She'd be the one explaining the cultural references and teasing her friend about her terrible accent.

她会解释文化参考，并嘲笑她的朋友她糟糕的口音。

She'd be the one translating the teacher's stage directions.

她将负责翻译老师的舞台指示。

There was money for a French program, which meant that, at SIS, French had value.

法语项目有钱，这意味着在 SIS，法语是有价值的。

Arabic didn't.

阿拉伯语没有。

Spanish didn't.

西班牙语没有。

That's something Maya is learning at school along with her French script.

这是玛雅在学校和她的法语脚本一起学习的东西。

From the very beginning, Imee and the others had insisted on three things from the new parents and the fundraising committee-- that the gala fundraiser they were planning with the French embassy would, number one, be open to everyone, number two, take place at the school, and number three, be free.

Then four weeks before the gala, the PTA asked for an update.

晚会举行前四个星期，家长教师协会要求提供最新情况。

And a parent named Deb showed up, a mom to a new sixth grader, part of Rob's fundraising committee.

一位名叫黛布的家长出现了，她是一名六年级新生的妈妈，也是罗布筹款委员会的成员。

So I will start with the fact that I had a nice conversation with--

所以我首先要说的是，我与——进行了一次愉快的交谈。

Fabrice, yeah.

法布里斯，是的。

Chana Joffe-Walt Deb volunteered early on to help organize the party.

查纳·乔夫-沃尔特·德布很早就自愿帮助组织这次聚会。

And she tells everyone, I met with our partner, Fabrice, at the French embassy.

她告诉大家，我在法国大使馆会见了我们的伴侣法布里斯。

And the event can't be at the school.

而且活动不能在学校举行。

The embassy won't be able to draw their supporters to Brooklyn.

大使馆将无法吸引他们的支持者来到布鲁克林。

It'll be at the Cultural Services building on the Upper East Side, Manhattan, 45 minutes away.

地点位于曼哈顿上东区的文化服务大楼，距离酒店 45 分钟路程。

I apologize if I'm saying things you guys already know, but I didn't know some of this info, so it was good.

如果我说的是你们已经知道的事情，我很抱歉，但我不知道其中一些信息，所以这很好。

But the event is really-- it's their event.

但这个活动确实是他们的活动。

It's not really our event.

这实际上不是我们的活动。

That's Susan with the "oh." Maurice leans forward, elbows on the table.

那是苏珊发出的“哦”声。莫里斯身体前倾，手肘撑在桌子上。

Imee is not here.

伊梅不在这里。

She knew the meeting would be almost entirely about fundraising, and she's sitting this one out.

她知道这次会议几乎完全是为了筹款，所以她没有参加这次会议。

Maurice is now concentrating on Rob, who turns to Deb and says, in what sense is it their event?

莫里斯现在把注意力集中在罗布身上，罗布转向黛布说，这在什么意义上是他们的活动？

They make the rules, she says.

她说，规则是他们制定的。

With our input, but there are certain things that are not flexible.

有我们的投入，但有些东西不灵活。

The biggest thing is nobody will be allowed in at the door.

最重要的是门口不让任何人进去。

You have to be on a list.

你必须在名单上。

You have to RSVP.

你必须回复。

You have to be on the list-- all names.

你必须出现在名单上——所有的名字。

Security-- it's a government building, after all.

安全——毕竟这是政府大楼。

He sends out the invitation to 22,000 people on his mailing list.

他向邮件列表中的 22,000 人发出了邀请。

So now making it a free event is a problem because now we're inviting 22,000 people for free to drink wine and eat food that may not have any interest in us.

所以现在让它成为一个免费活动是一个问题，因为现在我们正在邀请 22,000 人免费喝酒和吃我们可能不感兴趣的食物。

So we thought the best thing to do would be a suggested donation.

所以我们认为最好的办法就是建议捐款。

Can't afford to go--

没钱去——

Yeah.

是的。

Chana Joffe-Walt That's Rob, asking to give a variant, which is, how about we have a separate invitation for our people that doesn't ask for any money?

Chana Joffe-Walt 那是 Rob，要求提供一个变体，也就是说，我们为我们的员工单独发出一份不要求任何金钱的邀请怎么样？

Rob seems to be picking up on the instant irritation in this room, and he's adding many variants to Deb's report.

罗布似乎注意到了这个房间里的即时愤怒，他在黛布的报告中添加了许多变体。

It's either a modified version or just a clarity that everybody in this community--

它要么是修改版本，要么只是澄清这个社区中的每个人——

He won't.

他不会。

There'll be one invite.

将会有一份邀请。

It will say the same-- that's what I suggested.

它也会说同样的话——这就是我的建议。

I suggested $50 a head for outside.

我建议去外面50美元一个人。

Even if we simply put a cover note saying no charge, we want you to come join us, our community.

即使我们只是在附注上注明不收费，我们也希望您加入我们，我们的社区。

Right.

正确的。

But on the invite, it will say suggested donation.

但邀请函上会写着“建议捐赠”。

Then if you want to-- however we want to forward it, we can say that.

然后，如果您愿意——无论我们想转发它，我们都可以这么说。

But they will only do one invite.

但他们只会发出一次邀请。

Deb hasn't been able to make previous PTA meetings, so all Deb knows is she got an email from the fundraising committee at her kid's new school, which she assumed was part of the PTA.

Deb 之前未能参加 PTA 会议，所以 Deb 只知道她收到了一封来自孩子新学校筹款委员会的电子邮件，她认为该委员会是 PTA 的一部分。

She's volunteering her time, a ton of her time to organize a huge event.

她自愿投入大量时间来组织一场大型活动。

She does not understand that the email list she's on is for a separate fundraising committee that just became even more unpopular with the official PTA leadership.

她不明白她所在的电子邮件列表是为一个单独的筹款委员会准备的，而该委员会刚刚变得更加不受 PTA 官方领导层的欢迎。

I think I stopped moving, watching Deb.

我想我停止了移动，看着黛布。

It's so tense.

太紧张了

She's like a porcupine who's just wandered into a balloon store.

她就像一只刚误入气球店的豪猪。

They're serving wine, water, and then French hors d'oeuvres.

他们提供葡萄酒、水，然后是法式开胃小菜。

As far as the auction, we have a couple of cleanses.

就拍卖而言，我们进行了几次清理。

We have restaurants.

我们有餐厅。

We have a soccer camp.

我们有一个足球训练营。

We have a vacation rental in California.

我们在加利福尼亚州有一套度假出租屋。

We got a couple hair salons-- very few from the community here.

我们有几家美发沙龙——很少是来自这里社区的。

And that's really what I wanted to talk about.

这正是我想谈的。

From the parent community or the geographic community?

来自家长社区还是地理社区？

Parent community and geographic community.

家长社区和地理社区。

Deb says at her kid's elementary school, they got a lot more donated items from parents.

黛布说，在她孩子的小学，他们从家长那里得到了更多捐赠的物品。

She tells the room, you can ask at the restaurants you go to if they do gift certificates, the salon, your employers.

她告诉房间，你可以在你去的餐馆、沙龙、你的雇主询问他们是否提供礼券。

You'd be surprised what people can offer.

你会对人们所能提供的东西感到惊讶。

Just ask.

就问吧。

And that's what I do with my friends.

这就是我和朋友们所做的。

Most of my friends, though, they're all in other schools.

不过，我的大多数朋友都在其他学校。

I'm just new here.

我是新来的。

I don't really know many people, so.

我认识的人并不多，所以。

The only people I've been able to reach out to are the 36 on Rob's email list.

我唯一能联系到的人是 Rob 电子邮件列表中的 36 个人。

[CHUCKLING] And a quarter of them gave, donated something already, like found something.

[咯咯笑]其中四分之一的人已经捐赠了一些东西，就像发现了一些东西一样。

So I'm telling you, that house in Sonoma County is gorgeous-- four bedroom, three bath-- beautiful.

所以我告诉你，索诺玛县的那栋房子很漂亮——四间卧室，三间浴室——很漂亮。

I think about a PTA meeting a few months before, where I watched Imee gently explain to one of the new parents why it might be hard for some families to throw in $5 for classroom supplies, that even being asked to donate can feel alienating.

我想起几个月前的 PTA 会议，当时我看到 Imee 温和地向一位新家长解释为什么有些家庭可能很难捐出 5 美元购买教室用品，即使被要求捐赠也会让人感到疏远。

Some people in this room seem to be experiencing this whole thing as a routine update about public school volunteering.

这个房间里的一些人似乎正在经历这整件事，作为公立学校志愿服务的例行更新。

Others look like someone who's walked into the wrong room and is now looking around to the friends they came with for affirmation.

其他人看起来就像是走进了错误的房间，现在正在向与他们一起来的朋友寻求肯定。

We're in the wrong room, right?

我们走错房间了，对吧？

How do we get out?

我们怎么出去？

Usually I get more tickets to shows, games, things.

通常我会得到更多演出、比赛等活动的门票。

Like, I've gotten Broadway tickets.

But I haven't gotten anything in the ticket arena-- Knicks.

但我在门票领域什么也没买到——尼克斯队。

I have a contact at the Nets.

我在篮网队有联系人。

I'm willing to reach out to--

我愿意联系——

Yeah.

是的。

They always go.

他们总是走。

Everybody wants to go to a game.

每个人都想去看比赛。

There's always somebody.

总有人。

And they also make great Christmas gifts.

它们也是很棒的圣诞礼物。

And that's the other thing where we're lacking, is actual items.

这是我们所缺乏的另一件事，就是实际的物品。

We used to have a parent-- well, we still have the parent, but she's not at my school-- that worked at Tiffany.

我们曾经有一位家长——嗯，我们仍然有那位家长，但她不在我的学校——在蒂芙尼工作。

And we always had some beautiful Tiffany pieces or a Coach bag.

我们总是有一些漂亮的蒂芙尼首饰或蔻驰包。

Some products makes it look nice.

I spent a small chunk of that meeting occupied by an admittedly sentimental thought.

那次会议的一小部分时间我都沉浸在一种无可否认的感伤想法中。

Just looking around, the room was kind of incredible-- people with homes in Sonoma and people who live in public housing sitting together at a long, wooden table in the library of a public school that they all share.

环顾四周，这个房间有点令人难以置信——在索诺玛有家的人和住在公共住房的人坐在公立学校图书馆的一张长木桌旁，他们都是共用的。

That never happens.

那永远不会发生。

And I didn't want them to mess it up.

But, of course, they are.

但是，当然，他们是。

This is not something we have a lot of practice in.

这不是我们有很多练习的事情。

New York City has one of the most segregated school systems in the country.

纽约市拥有全国最种族隔离的学校系统之一。

White parents here have very little practice sharing public schools.

这里的白人家长很少有共用公立学校的做法。

Maybe this is all to be expected.

也许这一切都在意料之中。

White parents will charge ahead, will sometimes be careless, secretive, or entitled.

白人父母会冲锋在前，有时会粗心大意、遮遮掩掩或自以为是。

In response, parents of color will sometimes be cautious or distrustful, defensive.

作为回应，有色人种的父母有时会谨慎或不信任、防御性的。

These are well-established patterns repeated over generations.

这些都是世代相传的既定模式。

It's easier for us to continue operating on separate tracks because it's what we already know how to do.

对我们来说，继续在不同的轨道上运营会更容易，因为这是我们已经知道该怎么做的。

The guy from the French embassy apparently has a mailing list of 22,000 people in the New York area.

法国大使馆的那个人显然拥有纽约地区 22,000 人的邮件列表。

300 people RSVP to the gala for SIS.

I couldn't believe it.

我简直不敢相信。

And I couldn't believe that one of them was Imee.

我简直不敢相信其中之一就是 Imee。

You guys look lovely.

你们看起来很可爱。

Imee Hernandez Hi.

伊梅·埃尔南德斯你好。

How are you?

你好吗？

Imee, Maurice, and Susan carpooled together to the Upper East Side.

伊米、莫里斯和苏珊一起拼车去了上东区。

It's winter.

现在是冬天。

Central Park is across the street.

It's cold.

是冷的。

Imee told me she decided she needed to be a grown-up and come.

Imee 告诉我，她决定长大后才来。

They got stuck in traffic, so they're rushing up the sidewalk.

他们遇到了交通堵塞，所以他们冲上人行道。

It's not serious.

这并不严重。

Imee Hernandez No, we're not that late.

The Cultural Services building is ivy covered with columns.

文化服务大楼是常春藤覆盖的柱子。

The doors are wrought iron.

The entryway is marble.

入口通道是大理石的。

Hey.

嘿。

How are you?

你好吗？

Woman 2 Hi.

女人2 嗨。

You guys all came in together?

All right.

好的。

So put us to work.

所以让我们去工作。

A huge marble staircase winds up the side of the room.

一个巨大的大理石楼梯蜿蜒在房间的一侧。

Later, I look up the architectural style-- Italian renaissance, palazzo style.

后来查了一下建筑风格——意大利文艺复兴风格，宫殿风格。

It's a palace.

这是一座宫殿。

There are people milling, sampling 17 different cheeses.

人们正在碾磨、品尝 17 种不同的奶酪。

I don't recognize anyone else from the school.

Who are these people who have chosen to come out on a weekday evening for a fundraising event for a not prominent or well known at all public school in Brooklyn?

这些选择在工作日晚上为布鲁克林一所不知名或不知名的公立学校举办筹款活动的人是谁？

I'm not involved with the school, but my wife is involved with the--

我与学校无关，但我妻子参与了--

I started asking people how they heard about the event.

我开始询问人们是如何听说这个活动的。

Actually, an invitation by my wonderful French professor.

事实上，这是我出色的法语教授的邀请。

A lady named Barbara tells me she's never heard of SIS, like most people here, but she loves French, and she loves Paris, and it sounded like a fun night with other people who do too.

一位名叫芭芭拉 (Barbara) 的女士告诉我，她和这里的大多数人一样从未听说过 SIS，但她喜欢法语，也喜欢巴黎，与其他同样喜欢法语的人一起，这听起来像是一个有趣的夜晚。

She goes to France every year.

她每年都去法国。

October is my saison préférée.

Actually, I found this October too warm, but I like it when it's a nice fall, crisp, and you wear your scarf, your foulard.

事实上，我发现今年十月太暖和了，但我喜欢秋天的好天气，清爽，你戴着围巾、围巾。

I enjoy a person who likes to talk, where you can just get on their ride and sit back.

我喜欢一个喜欢说话的人，在那里你可以搭上他们的车并坐下来。

Barbara is definitely that kind of person.

And my apartment in Paris is sort of-- I'm confused sometimes.

我在巴黎的公寓有点——有时我很困惑。

I say, am I in Gramercy Park, or am I in Saint-Germain-des-Prés?

我说，我是在格拉梅西公园，还是在圣日耳曼德佩？

It's got a similar ambiance, being a neighborhood.

它有类似的氛围，是一个邻居。

It's great.

这很棒。

Have you been?

你去过吗？

No, I've never been.

不，我从来没有去过。

Barbara Oh my god, she hasn't been to Paris.

Barbara's looking around for her French teacher to tell her the news.

芭芭拉正在四处寻找她的法语老师来告诉她这个消息。

Barbara's teacher, it turns out, heard about this evening the same way most people here did.

事实证明，芭芭拉的老师和这里的大多数人一样听说了今晚的事情。

She was invited by this man, Fabrice.

For the School for International Studies, we are hoping we will raise $100,000 each year for the next seven years.

对于国际研究学院，我们希望在未来七年每年筹集 10 万美元。

Fabrice Jaumont works for the Cultural Services arm of the French embassy.

法布里斯·若蒙 (Fabrice Jaumont) 在法国大使馆文化服务部门工作。

He tells me he's fundraising for dual-language programs in public schools because his mission is to promote French language and culture.

他告诉我，他正在为公立学校的双语项目筹集资金，因为他的使命是推广法语和文化。

He called it soft power, which I was kind of surprised he said out loud, since I associate that with something we do in developing countries, not something you're allowed to do in American public schools.

他称之为软实力，我对他大声说出这句话感到有点惊讶，因为我将其与我们在发展中国家所做的事情联系在一起，而不是你在美国公立学校被允许做的事情。

After Fabrice and I talked, I walked into the main room and immediately saw Maurice.

我和法布里斯交谈后，我走进主房间，立刻就看到了莫里斯。

Maurice was so skeptical of this whole embassy thing, but there he is at a table selling raffle tickets next to Imee, cheerfully raising money for a program neither of them ever wanted at their school.

莫里斯对整个大使馆的事情非常怀疑，但他坐在伊梅旁边的一张卖抽奖券的桌子旁，兴高采烈地为他们学校都不想要的项目筹集资金。

We are raffling off two airline tickets to France.

我们正在抽奖两张飞往法国的机票。

One blue ticket's going to win.

一张蓝色彩票将获胜。

It could be yours.

它可能是你的。

Maurice, amiable as ever, is trying, and mostly failing, to convert ticket sales into social connections.

莫里斯一如既往地和蔼可亲，他试图将门票销售转化为社交关系，但大多失败了。

He asks everyone, so if you win, when are you thinking of going?

他问大家，如果你赢了，你打算什么时候去？

Oh, you're going anyway for Easter?

哦，复活节你还是要去吗？

Oh, nice.

哦，不错。

Good.

好的。

Fantastic.

极好的。

Before we do it, I have a question.

在我们开始之前，我有一个问题。

Can I, from here, from these tickets, buy something to go from Paris to Marseille when I'm leaving?

当我离开时，我可以从这里用这些门票购买从巴黎到马赛的东西吗？

I don't know.

我不知道。

Chana Joffe-Walt Barbara from Gramercy Park, the woman who loves fall in Paris, wanders across the marble floor toward the raffle table, the side where Imee is sitting.

来自 Gramercy Park 的查娜·乔菲-沃尔特·芭芭拉 (Chana Joffe-Walt Barbara) 是一位热爱巴黎秋天的女士，她漫步穿过大理石地板，走向抽奖桌，也就是伊梅所坐的一侧。

And I thought, oh, no.

我想，哦，不。

It's a pleasure to meet you.

很高兴认识你。

Barbara Hi.

芭芭拉嗨。

How are you?

你好吗？

Good, thank you.

好的，谢谢。

Barbara You're one of the parents of a bilingual student?

芭芭拉（Barbara）您是双语学生的家长之一吗？

She's not bilingual, but she does go to the school.

她不会说双语，但她确实上过学。

[LAUGHS]

[笑]

Yes, eventually.

是的，最终。

Barbara What a wonderful thing.

芭芭拉多么美妙的事情啊。

Are you pleased with the program?

您对该计划满意吗？

Yes.

是的。

I love the school.

我爱这所学校。

Barbara It's so important to learn another language.

芭芭拉学习另一种语言非常重要。

It opens the world for you.

它为你打开了世界。

And what is your name?

你叫什么名字？

Chana.

查纳。

Barbara Chana.

芭芭拉·查纳.

I was just telling Chana, when I go to Paris, which I do every year--

我只是告诉查娜，当我去巴黎时，我每年都会去——

Cool.

酷。

Barbara It is cool.

芭芭拉这很酷。

And it's cooler because I can speak the language.

这更酷，因为我会说这种语言。

And you have entrée into the society-- not totally.

你已经进入了社会——但还没有完全进入社会。

One will never have total entrée, but you can interact with your neighbors.

一个人永远不会拥有完整的主菜，但您可以与邻居互动。

You can interact in a restaurant.

您可以在餐厅进行互动。

You can interact at the dry cleaner, at the supermarket.

您可以在干洗店、超市进行互动。

And they so appreciate an American who can speak French.

他们非常欣赏会说法语的美国人。

Yeah.

是的。

Barbara Yes, yes.

芭芭拉是的，是的。

And the language is beautiful.

而且语言很美。

Imee starts looking around.

Imee 开始环顾四周。

Maurice moves closer and leans in to hear why his wife is doing that nervous laugh as Barbara explains to Imee, a Puerto Rican woman, that being bilingual makes a person more sophisticated.

莫里斯靠近并倾身听听他的妻子为什么会紧张地笑，芭芭拉向波多黎各妇女伊梅解释说，会说双语会让一个人变得更加成熟。

Imee is exceedingly polite.

Imee 非常有礼貌。

Paris is a lodestar.

巴黎是一颗北极星。

And if you really want to enjoy it, you've got to speak the language.

如果你真的想享受它，你就必须会说这种语言。

It was a pleasure.

这是一种乐趣。

Thank you.

谢谢。

That entire conversation, Imee never mentioned to Barbara that she does speak another language, Spanish.

在整个谈话中，伊米从未向芭芭拉提到她确实会说另一种语言，西班牙语。

Later, I ask her why.

后来我问她为什么。

She shrugs it off.

她耸耸肩。

I was like, no, I'll just let her talk.

我当时想，不，我会让她说话。

It's OK.

没关系。

It was all right, so.

没关系，所以。

Do you remember when you were telling me about the silent tantrum that you're having?

你还记得你告诉我你无声发脾气的事吗？

Yeah.

是的。

Chana Joffe-Walt How would I know if that was happening?

Chana Joffe-Walt 我怎么知道这种情况是否发生了？

You wouldn't.

你不会。

Only my husband would-- [LAUGHS] --if I'm throwing a silent tantrum.

只有我丈夫会——[笑]——如果我无声地发脾气。

Oh, yeah.

哦，是的。

Imee Hernandez [LAUGHS] He would know if I'm throwing a silent tantrum.

Imee Hernandez [笑] 如果我无声地发脾气，他会知道的。

No, not right now.

不，不是现在。

Chana Joffe-Walt Imee turns her back to her husband, facing me.

查娜·乔菲-沃尔特·伊梅 (Chana Joffe-Walt Imee) 背对着她的丈夫，面向我。

And behind her Maurice is looking right at me, nodding vigorously, yes.

在她身后，莫里斯正看着我，用力点头，是的。

So here we were in our fancy clothes on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, raising money for a French program at an utterly normal Brooklyn public school.

所以我们穿着漂亮的衣服在曼哈顿上东区为一所完全正常的布鲁克林公立学校的法语项目筹集资金。

That was already weird.

那已经很奇怪了。

But the toasts-- the toasts were when the cognitive dissonance of the evening really kicked in for me.

但在祝酒的时候——在祝酒的时候，当晚的认知失调真正开始对我产生影响。

Fabrice steps up onto the marble staircase and clinks his glass, announces it's time to celebrate what we've created and raise some money.

法布里斯走上大理石楼梯，敲响了酒杯，宣布是时候庆祝我们的创造并筹集一些资金了。

It takes a village.

这需要一个村庄。

It takes a dedicated principal.

这需要一个专门的校长。

She's here with us.

她和我们在一起。

It takes-- yes, yes, yes.

这需要——是的，是的，是的。

Fabrice hands the mic to Principal Juman.

法布里斯将麦克风递给朱曼校长。

It's so nice to see all of you.

很高兴见到你们大家。

And I think the number one thing is I think all of us standing here believe in public education and believe that all--

我认为最重要的是我认为站在这里的所有人都相信公共教育并相信所有人——

One by one, people are talking about equality, and diversity, and community, and the meaning of public education here at the Cultural Services palatial palace full of white people.

在挤满白人的文化服务宫殿里，人们一一谈论平等、多样性、社区以及公共教育的意义。

So I went on the sixth grade trip, 11-year-olds going overnight trip up into the Catskills.

所以我参加了六年级的旅行，11岁的孩子们过夜前往卡茨基尔山。

I would not recommend doing that.

我不建议这样做。

[LAUGHTER] Chana Joffe-Walt Rob gives a toast about that time he went on the overnight trip.

[笑声]查纳·乔夫-沃尔特·罗布 (Chana Joffe-Walt Rob) 为他过夜旅行的那次干杯。

It starts off OK, but then veers into strange and sort of cringey territory.

一开始还不错，但随后就转向了奇怪且令人尴尬的领域。

He's on a ropes course 40 feet up, looking down.

他站在 40 英尺高的绳索跑道上，俯视着下方。

Below me was that diverse group of kids.

我下面是一群形形色色的孩子。

They were diverse kids belaying me, making sure that when I jump, they would actually cushion my fall.

他们是各种各样的孩子，保护着我，确保当我跳跃时，他们实际上会缓冲我的跌倒。

That day, each of those kids was going to climb up that pole and was going to have the same opportunity and the same challenge.

那天，每个孩子都将爬上那根杆子，并且将拥有相同的机会和相同的挑战。

And it made me think that that's what this school is about.

这让我觉得这就是这所学校的意义所在。

It's about the opportunity to do the International Baccalaureate, the challenge of it-- so the opportunity to explore French and the challenge of it for all kids.

这是关于参加国际文凭课程的机会，以及其中的挑战——所以是所有孩子探索法语的机会和挑战。

I agree with Rob.

我同意罗布的观点。

It's great to give kids equal access to opportunity.

为孩子们提供平等的机会真是太好了。

But what they're being given access to are the opportunities that Rob and the other white parents care about.

但他们获得的是罗布和其他白人父母关心的机会。

Downstairs, I find Susan, Imee's PTA co-president on a bench by herself.

在楼下，我发现 Imee 的 PTA 联合主席 Susan 独自一人坐在长凳上。

She's near the band, drinking wine, looking a little dumbstruck.

她在乐队附近喝着酒，看上去有点目瞪口呆。

I ask if she's OK.

我问她还好吗？

This is something else, she says.

她说，这是另一回事。

And then she adds, it's just hard to explain how this is a public school fundraiser.

然后她补充道，很难解释这是一场公立学校筹款活动。

When the founder of American public education, Horace Mann, laid out his vision for public schools back in the day, he rode his horse around Massachusetts, podium to podium.

当美国公共教育创始人霍勒斯·曼 (Horace Mann) 阐述他对公立学校的愿景时，他骑着马绕着马萨诸塞州走了一圈又一圈。

And his pitch was common schools would make democracy possible.

他的主张是普通学校将使民主成为可能。

They would bind us to one another, indoctrinate us, give us the skills and tools we need for democratic living.

它们将我们彼此联系在一起，向我们灌输思想，为我们提供民主生活所需的技能和工具。

Public schools, he believed, would be the great equalizer.

他相信，公立学校将是伟大的均衡器。

Rich and poor would come together and develop what he called "fellow feeling," and in doing so, quote, "obliterate factitious distinctions in society."

富人和穷人会走到一起，发展他所说的“同胞感情”，并以此“消除社会中人为的区别”。

For that to happen, you need everyone in the same school together.

为此，您需要同一所学校的每个人都在一起。

At SIS, they've gotten that far.

在 SIS，他们已经做到了这一点。

Everyone was in the same school together, but there was no equalizing.

大家都在同一所学校，但并没有平等。

We can be in the same school together and not be equal, just like we can be in the same country together.

我们可以一起在同一所学校，但并不平等，就像我们可以一起在同一个国家一样。

It's not enough.

这还不够。

After the gala, money poured into SIS, and more white families enrolled their kids at the school.

晚会结束后，资金大量涌入 SIS，更多的白人家庭让他们的孩子在这所学校就读。

But in the years after that, there was a backlash, and SIS changed in ways that made Rob question himself.

但在那之后的几年里，出现了强烈的反对，秘密情报局的改变让罗布开始质疑自己。

He wondered if he'd made mistakes.

他想知道自己是否犯了错误。

He told me he thought they all wanted the same thing for the kids.

他告诉我，他认为他们都希望孩子们得到同样的东西。

He just didn't know.

他只是不知道。

Not knowing-- that happens a lot with white parents.

不知道——这种情况在白人父母身上经常发生。

Most of us, we don't understand the buildings we walk into.

我们大多数人都不了解我们走进的建筑物。

We don't know what came before.

我们不知道之前发生了什么。

I looked into the history of this school and I learned that this wasn't the first time white parents showed up here.

我研究了这所学校的历史，发现这并不是白人家长第一次出现在这里。

White parents have been involved all along, all the way back to the very beginning of this school half a century ago, doing the same kinds of things I'd just seen.

白人家长一直参与其中，一直追溯到半个世纪前这所学校成立之初，做着我刚刚看到的同样的事情。

It happens again and again-- white parents wielding their power without even noticing, like a guy wandering through a crowded store with a huge backpack, knocking things over every time he turns.

这种事一次又一次地发生——白人父母在不知不觉中行使权力，就像一个人背着巨大的背包在拥挤的商店里闲逛，每次转身都会把东西打翻。

Horace Mann believed public schools would make us equal, but it doesn't work.

霍勒斯·曼 (Horace Mann) 相信公立学校会让我们平等，但这不起作用。

I'm not sure how to fix that, but I want to lay out the story, the whole story of this one American public school.

我不知道如何解决这个问题，但我想讲述这个故事，这所美国公立学校的整个故事。

Because what I am sure of is that, in order to address inequality in our public schools, we are going to need a shared sense of reality.

因为我确信，为了解决公立学校的不平等问题，我们需要有共同的现实感。

At the very least, it's a place to start.

至少，这是一个起点。

Chana Joffe-Walt.

查纳·乔夫-沃尔特。

That mission is what Chana takes up in the other episodes in her series, Nice White Parents.

查娜在她的系列剧《好白人父母》的其他剧集中承担了这一使命。

It's produced by our colleagues who we made the Serial Podcast with and distributed by The New York Times.

它是由我们的同事制作的，我们与他们一起制作了系列播客，并由《纽约时报》发行。

Episodes one and two are out right now.

第一集和第二集现已播出。

And can I say, episode two is a completely different kind of story about a different and very idealistic group of white parents right when the school was founded.

我可以说，第二集是一个完全不同的故事，讲述的是学校成立时一群不同的、非常理想主义的白人家长。

You can find Nice White Parents wherever you get your podcasts.

无论您在哪里找到播客，都可以找到《好白人父母》。

Our episode today was produced by Julie Snyder, with editing by Sarah Koenig, Neil Drumming, and me.

我们今天的剧集由朱莉·斯奈德 (Julie Snyder) 制作，莎拉·科尼格 (Sarah Koenig)、尼尔·德鲁明 (Neil Drumming) 和我负责编辑。

Editorial consulting from Rachel Lissy and Eve Ewing.

Rachel Lissy 和 Eve Ewing 提供编辑咨询。

Fact checking by Ben Phelan.

本·费兰的事实核查。

Stowe Nelson makes the show.

斯托·尼尔森主持了这场演出。

Special thanks today to Nikole Hannah-Jones, Scott Sargrad, Jackie Carrier, and Lenny Garcia.

今天特别感谢 Nikole Hannah-Jones、Scott Sargrad、Jackie Carrier 和 Lenny Garcia。

Lilly Sullivan figured out how to fit their show into an episode of our show, with production help from Matt Tierney and Catherine Raimondo.

在马特·蒂尔尼和凯瑟琳·雷蒙多的制作帮助下，莉莉·沙利文想出了如何将他们的节目融入到我们的节目中。

This American Life is delivered to public radio stations by PRX, the Public Radio Exchange.

《美国生活》由公共广播电台 PRX 向公共广播电台播出。

Thanks as always to our program's co-founder, Mr. Torey Malatia.

一如既往地感谢我们计划的联合创始人 Torey Malatia 先生。

You know, on his vacation he spotted some dolphins, but, dude, don't get him started on dolphins.

你知道，他在度假时发现了一些海豚，但是，伙计，别让他开始看海豚。

He is not into them.

他不喜欢他们。

For me, it's a bit weird, because I have no idea what they're saying.

对我来说，这有点奇怪，因为我不知道他们在说什么。

Yeah.

是的。

I'm Ira Glass, back next week with more stories of This American Life.

我是艾拉·格拉斯，下周回来，带来更多《美国生活》的故事。

This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.

《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。

中文为机器翻译，仅供参考。