668: The Long Fuse - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #668 | April 4, 2025 668: The Long Fuse Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 668 集 | 2025 年 4 月 4 日 668：长熔丝 注：《美国生活》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.
如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue: Prologue Ira Glass A few years ago Jennifer LeMesurier was watching this PBS cooking show.
序言：序言 Ira Glass 几年前，Jennifer LeMesurier 正在观看 PBS 的烹饪节目。
And this chef, David Chang, started talking about MSG.
这位厨师 David Chang 开始谈论味精。
Monosodium glutamate.
味精。
Ira Glass And of course, lots of people believe MSG is bad for you.
Ira Glass 当然，很多人认为味精对身体有害。
It gives you headaches, a food hangover-- that idea's been around for decades.
它会让你头疼，食物宿醉——这个想法已经存在了几十年。
I grew up hearing this.
我是听着这句话长大的。
Maybe you did, too.
也许你也这么做了。
But Jennifer knows this is a myth.
但詹妮弗知道这是一个神话。
In fact, the very next segment on the show is science and food writer Harold McGee saying just that.
事实上，节目的下一个片段是科学和美食作家哈罗德·麦吉(Harold McGee) 所说的。
And he just had this sort of throwaway line that, yeah, this myth of MSG being harmful can be traced back to one letter in the New England Journal of Medicine.
他只是说了这样一句话，是的，味精有害的神话可以追溯到《新英格兰医学杂志》上的一封信。
A letter to the editor in the New England Journal of Medicine.
致《新英格兰医学杂志》编辑的一封信。
And I was just sitting there going, huh, one letter.
我只是坐在那里写一封信。
It was like, oh, it's an origin story.
就像，哦，这是一个起源故事。
At the time, Jennifer was PhD student, very interested in the way people talk about race and Asian-Americans.
当时，詹妮弗是一名博士生，她对人们谈论种族和亚裔美国人的方式非常感兴趣。
So to hear that there was once this letter that led Americans to freak out about the dangers of an ingredient commonly used in Chinese food, an ingredient that was later proven totally harmless, Jennifer wanted to see that letter.
因此，当听到这封信曾经让美国人对中餐中常用的一种成分的危险感到惊慌，而这种成分后来被证明完全无害时，詹妮弗想看看那封信。
So she went into the stacks, found this old journal from the '60s, and there it was.
于是她走进书库，找到了这本 60 年代的旧日记，它就在那里。
A letter to the editor from a doctor, titled Chinese Restaurant Syndrome.
一位医生写给编辑的一封信，题为《中国餐馆综合症》。
So the letter reads, "For several years since I have been in this country, I have experienced a strange syndrome whenever I have eaten out in a Chinese restaurant.
信中写道：“自从我来到这个国家好几年了，每当我在中国餐馆吃饭时，我都会经历一种奇怪的综合症。
The syndrome, which usually begins 15 to 20 minutes after I've eaten the first dish, last for about two hours without any hangover effect.
这种症状通常在我吃完第一道菜后 15 到 20 分钟开始，持续大约两个小时，没有任何宿醉效应。
The most prominent symptoms are numbness at the back of the neck"--
最突出的症状是颈后麻木”——
He runs through the symptoms that he's observed.
他回顾了他所观察到的症状。
Then he runs through the possible causes for this strange numbness, and eliminates them one by one.
然后他将这种奇怪的麻木感可能产生的原因逐一梳理，并一一排除。
Soy sauce?
酱油？
No. Cooking wine?
不对，料酒？
No. And then he gets to the sentence that's going to live on for a half century.
不。然后他就说出了将持续半个世纪的句子。
Quote, "Others have suggested that it may be caused by the monosodium glutamate seasoning used to a great extent for seasoning in Chinese restaurants."
引用：“也有人提出，这可能是中餐馆调味中大量使用味精造成的。”
And that one line is what spawned this entire myth.
这句话催生了整个神话。
The letter was signed-- Jennifer Lemesurier Robert Ho Man Kwok, MD.
这封信的署名者是医学博士 Jennifer Lemesurier Robert Ho Man Kwok。
So the first thing she did was look up Dr. Kwok to get the whole story from him.
所以她做的第一件事就是去找郭医生，从他那里了解整个事情的经过。
What she learned was Dr. Kwok had been a researcher and a pediatrician in Maryland, and he was dead.
她了解到，郭医生曾是马里兰州的一名研究员和儿科医生，但他已经去世了。
She found an obituary from 2014.
她找到了 2014 年的讣告。
So instead, she traced the history of how this letter blew up, led to all these other things, by reading subsequent issues of the New England Journal of Medicine, and newspapers from the time, and other documents.
因此，她通过阅读《新英格兰医学杂志》的后续期刊、当时的报纸以及其他文件，追溯了这封信如何爆炸的历史，以及如何导致所有这些其他事情。
She wrote a paper, published it in an academic journal in 2017.
她写了一篇论文，于 2017 年在学术期刊上发表。
And then after that, she gets his voicemail on her work number.
之后，她通过她的工作号码收到了他的语音邮件。
This is last year.
这是去年的事了。
She's a professor at Colgate University.
她是科尔盖特大学的教授。
Yes, good afternoon.
是的，下午好。
My name is Dr. Howard Steel.
我的名字是霍华德·斯蒂尔博士。
I'm a Colgate alum.
我是高露洁校友。
In fact, I'm the oldest surviving trustee that's Colgate.
事实上，我是高露洁现存最年长的受托人。
And I've been there since God, and love it.
从上帝开始我就在那里，并且喜欢它。
At any rate--
无论如何——
And at first, I'm just like, am I in trouble?
一开始，我就想，我有麻烦了吗？
You know, why is a board member calling me?
你知道，为什么董事会成员给我打电话？
What's going on?
这是怎么回事？
I have information perhaps you might like to hear.
我有一些信息也许你会想听。
And then he sort of pauses and he says--
然后他停顿了一下说——
I am the author of Ho Man Kwok.
我是《何文国》的作者。
My brain just sort of goes, what?
我的大脑突然开始运转，什么？
And I have a lot to say about it.
对此我有很多话要说。
It just surfaced.
它刚刚浮出水面。
And I'm listening to the voicemail in my living room, and my jaw is just dropping.
我在客厅里听着语音信箱，我的下巴都快掉下来了。
Because up until then, I had operated under the assumption that Dr. Ho Man Kwok was a Chinese-American researcher.
因为在那之前，我一直假设何文国博士是一位美籍华人研究员。
And all of a sudden, I don't know what to believe.
突然之间，我不知道该相信什么。
The confusion makes sense, because remember, there was a Dr. Robert Ho Man Kwok, the one whose obituary she read.
这种混乱是有道理的，因为请记住，有一位何文国博士，她读过他的讣告。
So who is this guy on the phone?
那么电话里的这个人是谁？
I have a phone.
我有电话。
I answer that phone all the time because I store the little thing that keeps electrified in my left chest.
我一直接电话，因为我把那个保持通电的小东西放在我的左胸里。
Then he makes this little joke about how he keeps his phone in his pocket, right by the thing that electrifies his pacemaker.
然后他开了一个小玩笑，说他是如何将手机放在口袋里的，就在为起搏器供电的东西旁边。
So when the phone rings, my heart stops and I answer immediately.
因此，当电话响起时，我的心跳停止，我立即接听。
At any rate, it would be a pleasure to hear you.
无论如何，很高兴听到你的声音。
Hanging up now.
现在挂了。
Have a nice evening.
祝你今晚愉快。
Bye.
再见。
OK.
好的。
What?
什么？
Right?
正确的？
This message was just the beginning-- the very odd beginning of a story that we're going to continue in just a minute.
这条消息只是一个开始——一个我们将在一分钟内继续的故事的非常奇怪的开始。
You will hear more from the mysterious Dr. Steel.
您将从神秘的斯蒂尔博士那里听到更多信息。
Because this letter to the editor-- I don't know.
因为这封给编辑的信——我不知道。
Is it possible that this is the most impactful letter to the editor in the history of letters to the editor?
这是否有可能是有史以来给编辑的信中最具影响力的一封给编辑的信？
It launched an entire MSG scare that lasted for decades.
它引发了一场持续了数十年的味精恐慌。
Even today, 42% of all Americans think that it's bad for you, and it's not.
即使在今天，42% 的美国人仍然认为这对你有害，但事实并非如此。
Since the '90s, the FDA has listed MSG as perfectly safe for its intended use, like vinegar, salt, pepper.
自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，FDA 已将味精列为其预期用途完全安全的物质，就像醋、盐、胡椒一样。
Today on our show, we have three stories like this one, where people throw words out into the world that take on a totally unexpected life of their own.
今天在我们的节目中，我们有三个这样的故事，人们向世界扔出话语，呈现出完全意想不到的生活。
And in all these stories, the words wreak havoc for years.
在所有这些故事中，这些词多年来都造成了严重破坏。
From WBEZ Chicago, it's This American Life.
来自芝加哥 WBEZ 的《This American Life》。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Stay with us.
留在我们身边。
Act one, Humor is Not the Best Medicine.
第一幕，幽默不是最好的良药。
OK, so where we left off, it was the voicemail on Jennifer LeMesurier's phone from this retired surgeon, where he says, OK, I'm the guy.
好的，我们刚才讲到了，詹妮弗·勒梅苏里尔 (Jennifer LeMesurier) 的电话里有一位退休外科医生发来的语音信箱，他说，好的，我就是那个人。
I made up a fake name.
我编了个假名字。
I wrote a letter.
我写了一封信。
And it set off 50 years of completely needless panic over MSG.
它引发了 50 年来对味精完全不必要的恐慌。
Call me.
打电话给我。
Lilly Sullivan explains what happened next.
莉莉·沙利文解释了接下来发生的事情。
So last year, when Howard Steel left that voicemail for Jennifer LeMesurier, she calls him back right away, gets the whole story from him.
所以去年，当霍华德·斯蒂尔（Howard Steel）给詹妮弗·勒梅苏里尔（Jennifer LeMesurier）留下语音邮件时，她立即给他回了电话，从他那里得到了整个故事。
She doesn't record it, though.
但她没有记录下来。
And a few months later, Dr. Howard Steel dies.
几个月后，霍华德·斯蒂尔博士去世了。
But before he died, the Colgate alumni magazine-- remember, Jennifer teaches at Colgate; Howard's on their board-- they did a couple of interviews with him though they did record.
但在他去世之前，高露洁校友杂志——记住，詹妮弗在高露洁教书；霍华德是他们的董事会成员——尽管他们做了录音，但他们还是对他进行了几次采访。
OK, great.
好的，太好了。
Hi, Howard.
嗨，霍华德。
Howard Steel Hi.
霍华德·斯蒂尔嗨。
How are you today?
你今天怎么样？
That's Michael Blanding, the journalist who did the interviews.
那是迈克尔·布兰丁，进行采访的记者。
He's the one you can hear typing during this call.
在这次通话中你可以听到他打字的声音。
I'm going to take you back to the beginning.
我将带你回到起点。
It was a dear, dear friend of mine and I were recovering from a Chinese meal we had downtown.
那是我的一位亲爱的朋友，我当时正在市中心吃完一顿中餐，正在恢复体力。
We used to about once a week, and were perfectly happy--
我们过去大约每周一次，非常高兴——
Howard's friend Bill was a doctor, too.
霍华德的朋友比尔也是一名医生。
They'd eat, drink, and talk shop.
他们会吃、喝、聊。
And they got to talking about being published in medical journals.
他们开始谈论在医学期刊上发表的事情。
Yeah, Bill Hanson, he said, you know, you're stupid, Steel, number one.
是的，比尔·汉森，他说，你知道，你很蠢，斯蒂尔，第一。
You shouldn't expect to send articles out and get them published in these dumb journals.
您不应该期望将文章发出并在这些愚蠢的期刊上发表。
Howard's friend was a doctor of internal medicine, which he was constantly reminding Howard is a much smarter breed of doctor.
霍华德的朋友是一名内科医生，他不断提醒霍华德是一位聪明得多的医生。
He told me that it was impossible for someone as stupid as an orthopedic surgeon, which I was, to write an article that could be published in something as magnificent as a New England medical journal.
他告诉我，像我这样愚蠢的整形外科医生不可能写出一篇可以发表在像新英格兰医学杂志这样宏伟的杂志上的文章。
That was a threat, and he was willing to make a bet.
那是一种威胁，他愿意打赌。
Bill bet Howard $10 that he couldn't get published there.
比尔与霍华德打赌，赌他不能在那儿发表文章，赌注是 10 美元。
It's one of the most prestigious medical journals in the world, which Howard took as a challenge.
这是世界上最负盛名的医学期刊之一，霍华德将其视为一个挑战。
And I decided, well, I'll write a little article and send it over there.
我决定，好吧，我会写一篇小文章并发送给那里。
So I went home and I just sat down and wrote a letter to the editor of the Journal of Medicine in New England.
于是我回到家，坐下来给新英格兰《医学杂志》的编辑写了一封信。
And I didn't sign it with my name, but I signed it Ho Man Kwok-- H-O, one word, M-A-N, one word, Kwok, K-W-O-K, figuring that someone, when they got this letter, would realize that what that word was was a breakdown of a not nice word we used to use all the time when someone was a jerk.
我签的不是我的名字，而是何文郭——H-O，一个字，M-A-N，一个字，Kwok，K-W-O-K，我认为当有人收到这封信时，他们会意识到这个词是我们在某人是混蛋时一直使用的一个不好听的词的分解。
We call him a human crock of you know what.
我们称他为人类的一缸人，你知道吗。
Human crock.
人缸。
Ho Man Kwok.
何文国.
I know, cringy.
我知道，卑鄙。
An offensive pun on a Chinese name.
对一个中文名字的攻击性双关语。
A white guy playing an Asian for laughs.
一个白人扮演一个亚洲人来搞笑。
Keep in mind, this was the '60s.
请记住，这是 60 年代。
He said he made up the name of Dr. Kwok's research institute and his title, too.
他说郭博士的研究所的名称和他的头衔也是他编造的。
He said that Chinese food wasn't the point of it, except for that they were at a Chinese restaurant, eating and drinking a little too much the night they made the bet.
他说，中餐不是重点，只是他们打赌的那天晚上，他们在一家中餐馆，吃得有点多，喝得有点多。
And Howard won that bet.
霍华德赢了这个赌注。
Yes, it wasn't an article, it was a letter.
是的，这不是一篇文章，而是一封信。
But it was printed in the Journal.
但它被刊登在《华尔街日报》上。
Good enough for them.
对他们来说已经足够好了。
Here's Michael Blanding, the reporter who interviewed Howard.
这是采访霍华德的记者迈克尔·布兰丁。
But once he saw it, once the letter was published, he was sort of mildly horrified.
但当他看到这封信并发表后，他有点感到震惊。
So he was horrified at first.
所以一开始他是被吓到的。
He wasn't happy that he won the bet?
赌赢了，他不高兴吗？
It's hard to tell, you know.
你知道，这很难说。
It seemed like he would sort of go back and forth between being proud of the fact that he was able to achieve this, being published in this journal, and sort of being distressed by the fact that it actually made it into print.
似乎他会在为自己能够实现这一目标、在这本杂志上发表而感到自豪，以及为它实际出版而感到痛苦之间来回摇摆。
As soon as it came out, I called the Journal editor and told him that it was a bunch of bunk, that it was all fake, it was all made up.
消息一出来，我就打电话给《华尔街日报》的编辑，告诉他那是一堆废话，都是假的，都是编出来的。
And he hung up the phone on me.
然后他就挂了我的电话。
He wouldn't talk any further.
他不再说话了。
He was a jackass.
他是个蠢货。
So I kept calling him, and finally, apparently, he gave a message to the phone girl in the office that if anybody named Howard called, hang up.
所以我一直给他打电话，最后，显然，他给办公室里的电话小姐发了一条信息，如果有人叫霍华德打电话，请挂断电话。
So yeah, actually for years, I tried to call him and tell him that the whole thing was a hoax, that it was not true, that I didn't know anything about Chinese, and particularly Chinese-- what's it called?
所以，是的，实际上多年来，我试图打电话给他，告诉他整件事都是骗局，这不是真的，我对中文一无所知，特别是中文——它叫什么？
Chinese restaurants.
中餐馆。
I never saw anybody who had.
我从来没有见过任何人有过这样的经历。
Didn't know what the hell I'm talking about.
不知道我到底在说什么。
So that's Howard story.
这就是霍华德的故事。
And then this joke of his snowballed.
然后他的笑话就滚雪球了。
After the letter was published, other doctors wrote in, some of them making jokes about this Chinese restaurant syndrome, but also often recounting their own experiences and symptoms.
这封信发表后，其他医生也纷纷来信，其中一些人拿这种中餐馆综合症开玩笑，但也经常讲述自己的经历和症状。
The New York Times notices 10 letters from doctors, publishes an article.
《纽约时报》注意到 10 封医生的来信，发表了一篇文章。
Remember, no scientific studies at this point.
请记住，目前还没有科学研究。
Just letters, some of them jokes.
只是信件，其中一些是笑话。
The headline was, "Chinese Restaurant Syndrome Puzzles Doctors."
标题是“中餐馆综合症令医生困惑”。
The news spread from there, under headlines like, "Kwok's Queeze," and "Chinese Chow Numbs Some." Here's Jennifer, the professor who traced the history.
消息从那里传播开来，标题是“郭氏挤压”和“中国周星驰有些麻木”。这是追踪历史的教授詹妮弗。
I mean, the titles were very, very offensive.
我的意思是，这些标题非常非常无礼。
Oh, let's see.
哦，让我们看看。
Let me see if I can find the one.
让我看看能不能找到那个。
From the Chicago Tribune, in broken English, the headline is, "Chinese Food Make You Crazy?
《芝加哥论坛报》用蹩脚的英语，标题是“中国菜让你发疯？
MSG is Number One Suspect."
味精是头号嫌疑人。”
Wow.
哇。
"Chinese food Make You Crazy"?
“中国菜让你疯狂”？
I can't believe that was a headline.
我不敢相信这是一个头条新闻。
Yeah.
是的。
So I was like, hm.
所以我就想，嗯。
They were all reacting to something that wasn't even real.
他们都对一些不真实的事情做出了反应。
It was all projection.
这一切都是投影。
To this day, lots of Chinese restaurants post No MSG signs in their windows and printed on their menus.
直到今天，许多中餐馆的窗户上都张贴着“禁止味精”的标语，菜单上也印着“禁止味精”的标语。
Everybody in the world is talking about the Chinese restaurant syndrome, and it's a lie.
世界上每个人都在谈论中餐馆综合症，这是一个谎言。
It's a big fib.
这是一个大谎言。
It's the "fit" hit the "shan." It's astounding.
正是“契合”撞上了“珊”。太令人震惊了。
Howard told lots of people this story over the years.
多年来，霍华德向很多人讲述了这个故事。
He told groups of other doctors.
他告诉其他医生小组。
He told Jennifer, who believed him.
他告诉詹妮弗，詹妮弗相信了他。
She alerted the alumni magazine, who recorded those interviews.
她通知了校友杂志，该杂志记录了这些采访。
They pitched the story to us.
他们向我们讲述了这个故事。
And we were like, 96-year-old man confesses to writing a prank letter that drove the nation to a decades-long scare about a toxin that's not actually toxic?
我们就像是，96 岁的老人承认写了一封恶作剧信，导致全国对一种实际上并无毒性的毒素产生了长达数十年的恐惧？
He's dead, but you have recordings?
他死了，但你有录音吗？
We're in.
我们进来了
But as we and Michael the reporter started looking into this more carefully, there were a few things that were puzzling.
但当我们和记者迈克尔开始更仔细地调查此事时，出现了一些令人费解的事情。
For one, the name of the research institute Howard said he invented-- the National Biomedical Research Foundation-- Michael discovered it was a real place.
首先，霍华德所说的他发明的研究机构的名称——国家生物医学研究基金会——迈克尔发现这是一个真实的地方。
And the real Dr. Kwok had worked there.
真正的郭博士曾在那里工作过。
Kind of a coincidence, if Howard made up the name-- like he said he did.
如果霍华德编造了这个名字，那就有点巧合了——就像他说的那样。
It also seemed weird.
这也显得很奇怪。
If the journal published a fake letter with Dr. Kwok's name and institution on it, and it was quoted in over 100 newspapers, naming him and the letter, it seemed weird that the real Dr. Kwok never set the record straight.
如果该杂志刊登了一封写有郭博士姓名和机构的假信，并被超过 100 家报纸引用，提及了他的名字和这封信，那么真正的郭博士从未澄清记录，这似乎很奇怪。
Never published a letter complaining in The New England Journal of Medicine, or in any of those newspapers.
从未在《新英格兰医学杂志》或任何此类报纸上发表过抱怨信。
Also, Howard said he tried to get the Journal to retract it, that he called and the editor wouldn't take his calls.
霍华德还表示，他试图让《华尔街日报》撤回这篇文章，他打电话给《华尔街日报》，但编辑不接他的电话。
We reached out to The New England Journal of Medicine.
我们联系了《新英格兰医学杂志》。
They declined to comment.
他们拒绝发表评论。
But it seems strange just on the face of it.
但从表面上看，这似乎很奇怪。
Howard became a highly acclaimed surgeon.
霍华德成为一位备受赞誉的外科医生。
He invented important medical procedures.
他发明了重要的医疗程序。
It seems like for sure, he could have gotten the attention of someone at the Journal.
看来可以肯定的是，他本可以引起《华尔街日报》某人的注意。
It's hard to verify what really happened, because everyone involved in this is dead.
很难核实到底发生了什么，因为参与这件事的每个人都死了。
Howard is dead.
霍华德死了。
The friend he made the bet with is dead.
和他打赌的朋友已经死了。
The real Dr. Kwok is dead.
真正的郭博士已经死了。
But Dr. Kwok has kids.
但郭医生有孩子。
We called them, and talked to his family.
我们给他们打电话，并与他的家人交谈。
We also spoke to one of his colleagues at the research foundation.
我们还采访了他在研究基金会的一位同事。
And the son of his boss there.
还有他老板的儿子。
They all said, yes, Dr. Robert Ho Man Kwok did write the letter.
他们都说，是的，这封信是何文国博士写的。
His daughter said he was proud of it.
他的女儿说他为此感到自豪。
That he was a concerned doctor and a curious scientist, who'd often post questions like this.
他是一位忧心忡忡的医生和一位好奇的科学家，经常提出这样的问题。
It wasn't a joke at all.
这根本不是玩笑。
The thought that Howard was going around telling this story, for years, it creeped her out a little.
一想到霍华德多年来一直在到处讲述这个故事，她就有点害怕。
And when you read the original letter, there are details that seem more likely to come from her father than from Howard, like when he says he moved to the US, which the real Dr. Kwok did, and how he's very specific the syndrome happens with the northern Chinese food.
当你读到原信时，有些细节似乎更可能来自她的父亲，而不是霍华德，比如他说他搬到了美国，而真正的郭医生就是这样做的，以及他如何非常具体地说明这种综合症发生在中国北方的食物中。
In the '60s, how many white guys in Philadelphia would have made that distinction?
在 60 年代，费城有多少白人能够做出这样的区分？
Also, Ho Man Kwok is an actual Cantonese name.
而且，何文国是一个真正的粤语名字。
What are the odds that Howard Steel threw together random Chinese-sounding syllables to arrive at that?
霍华德·斯蒂尔将随机的中文音节拼凑在一起得出这个结果的可能性有多大？
I called up Jennifer, the professor that Howard Steel had left the voicemail for.
我给詹妮弗打了电话，霍华德·斯蒂尔给这位教授留了语音信箱。
OK.
好的。
Lilly Sullivan And they told me something.
莉莉·沙利文 他们告诉了我一些事情。
They say that their father did write the letter.
他们说这封信是他们的父亲写的。
What?
什么？
Lilly Sullivan Yeah.
莉莉·沙利文 是的。
They say that he wrote it, and they're certain.
他们说这是他写的，而且他们确信。
Wow.
哇。
OK.
好的。
Lilly Sullivan What do you think of that?
莉莉·沙利文对此有何看法？
Me, neither.
我也不。
I just cannot believe that Dr. Steel made this up.
我简直不敢相信这是斯蒂尔博士编造的。
Right.
正确的。
Now I'm like, were there two letters?
现在我想，有两个字母吗？
[LAUGHS] Jennifer Lemesurier Did they happen to write about MSG at the same time, and like one got printed, and one person thought it was edited?
[笑] Jennifer Lemesurier 他们是否碰巧同时写了有关味精的文章，就像一篇文章被印刷出来，而一个人认为它被编辑了？
I don't even know.
我什至不知道。
I mean, I can't really-- oh, man.
我的意思是，我真的不能——哦，伙计。
The timing of this-- I wish Dr. Steel was still alive, for many reasons, obviously.
显然，出于多种原因，我希望斯蒂尔博士还活着。
There were two options, neither of them good.
有两种选择，都不好。
Someone has been telling a story that's not true for 50 years-- one of these two men, both of whom were, by all accounts, brilliant, upstanding pillars of their communities.
五十年来，有人一直在讲述一个不真实的故事——这两个人中的一个，从各方面来看，他们都是他们所在社区的杰出、正直的支柱。
Either Howard was fessing up to something he totally did not do, claiming responsibility for the whole MSG mess when actually he had nothing to do with it, or Howard was telling the truth, and Dr. Robert Ho Man Kwok, beloved pediatrician and researcher, had seen this letter to the editor in the journal with his name on it, that he didn't write, was delighted with his good fortune, and rolled with it for 50 years.
要么霍华德承认了他完全没有做过的事情，声称对整个味精混乱负责，而实际上他与这件事无关，要么霍华德说的是实话，而受人爱戴的儿科医生和研究员何文国博士在期刊上看到了这封写给编辑的信，上面写着他的名字，这封信不是他写的，他对自己的好运感到高兴，并与它一起度过了 50 年。
I had one person left to call-- Howard Steel's daughter, Anna.
我只剩下一个人可以打电话——霍华德·斯蒂尔的女儿安娜。
She grew up hearing this story.
她是听着这个故事长大的。
And I told her everything I just told you.
我把刚才告诉你的一切都告诉了她。
OK.
好的。
That is a shock.
这真是令人震惊。
Lilly Sullivan But actually, not that big a shock.
莉莉·沙利文 但实际上，并没有那么大的震惊。
It took her about two seconds to make sense of all this.
她花了大约两秒钟才明白这一切。
She believed the Kwoks, not her father.
她相信郭氏家族，而不是她的父亲。
No, I don't think anybody who knew him and loved him would be surprised.
不，我认为任何认识他并爱他的人都会感到惊讶。
It's just one more thing in the life of my dad.
这只是我父亲生命中的又一件事。
This, she said-- this is exactly the kind of thing he loved to do.
这，她说——这正是他喜欢做的事情。
He liked to prank people.
他喜欢捉弄人。
And he told lots of big stories about himself, many true, and some not.
他讲述了很多关于他自己的大故事，其中很多是真实的，有些则不是。
You can never totally believe him and never quite not believe him.
你永远不能完全相信他，也永远不能完全不相信他。
In fact, she says, it would help explain this other thing, that even though her father supposedly won the bet, his buddy never paid him.
事实上，她说，这有助于解释另一件事，即尽管她父亲据说赢了赌注，但他的朋友从未付钱给他。
The fact the bet was never settled up is of suspect, that maybe it was a wink-wink between them both.
这场赌注从未结算的事实令人怀疑，也许这只是他们两人之间的眨眼。
Well, so now, knowing all this, do you feel convinced that he didn't write the letter?
好吧，现在知道了这一切，你是否确信这封信不是他写的？
It seems to point in that direction, doesn't it?
它似乎指向那个方向，不是吗？
I think if I thought we were dealing with, you know, two straight laced, straight arrow, no nonsense physicians, I might be arguing a stronger position.
我想，如果我认为我们面对的是，你知道，两个直系带、直箭头、没有废话的医生，我可能会主张一个更强硬的立场。
But knowing these two clowns, there's not much I can say.
但了解这两个小丑，我没什么可说的。
So it seems like Howard didn't write the fake prank letter that caused decades of chaos.
所以看来霍华德并没有写那封造成数十年混乱的假恶作剧信。
His prank was that he said he had written the letter.
他的恶作剧是他说这封信是他写的。
He was claiming credit for chaos he didn't create.
他声称自己没有造成混乱。
It was complicated to even think about.
连想起来都很复杂。
Oh my god.
我的天啊。
Oh.
哦。
Eh, that's too funny.
呃，这也太搞笑了吧。
All right, well, here we are.
好吧，我们到了。
[LAUGHS]
[笑]
First, the world believed MSG was bad for you, and it wasn't.
首先，全世界都认为味精对你有害，但事实并非如此。
And now, we nearly believed a second piece of fake news-- that it all started with Howard.
现在，我们几乎相信了第二条假新闻——这一切都是从霍华德开始的。
Here's where Anna came down, loving her father and his best friend, but also, what the hell?
这就是安娜的落脚点，她爱她的父亲和他最好的朋友，但是，到底是什么？
I wish I could give them both a piece of my mind.
我希望我能向他们表达我的想法。
I'm not angry, but I just want to say, you owe everybody a huge apology.
我没有生气，只是想说，你们欠大家一个巨大的道歉。
What is wrong with you?
你怎么了？
And he would just start laughing, I'm sure.
我确信他会开始大笑。
And he would have a big, mischievous grin, and he'd say something like, I don't owe anybody an apology.
他会露出一个顽皮的大笑容，然后他会说，我不欠任何人道歉。
You all should have had your heads screwed on straight to figure out this was a joke.
你们都应该清醒地认识到这是一个笑话。
So many people near the end of their lives are trying to make things right.
许多人在生命即将结束时都在努力让事情变得正确。
He was trying to make trouble.
他是想惹麻烦。
Like a last act, like a life-long legacy prank?
就像最后一幕，就像一个终生的遗产恶作剧？
I'll do anything you want to with this.
我会用这个做任何你想做的事。
No, I'll talk to anybody.
不，我会和任何人谈谈。
They won't believe me, anyway.
无论如何，他们不会相信我。
I'm here and happy to screw things up further.
我在这里很高兴能把事情进一步搞砸。
But I can't believe what I did for 50-some years.
但我不敢相信我五十多年来所做的一切。
So I don't know what anybody would want to do with me, except shut my mouth, but it's getting kind of late.
所以我不知道除了闭嘴之外还有人想对我做什么，但已经有点晚了。
God will shut it pretty soon.
上帝很快就会关闭它。
And you know how she is.
你知道她怎么样。
Howard died just a few months after he laughed his way through those interviews.
霍华德在那些采访中大笑着过几个月后就去世了。
He was 97.
他97岁了。
Lilly Sullivan is one of the producers of our show.
莉莉·沙利文是我们节目的制片人之一。
Act Two, Babies Got Bank.
第二幕，婴儿有银行。
OK, I know how unlikely this sounds, but we now have another old guy basically pranking the world right before he dies, but on a scale that gets hundreds of thousands of people involved, and excited, and talking about this guy's plan that he set in motion for years and years.
好吧，我知道这听起来不太可能，但我们现在有另一个老家伙，基本上在他死前就在恶作剧世界，但其规模让数十万人参与其中，并兴奋不已，并谈论这个家伙多年来一直在实施的计划。
Stephanie Foo explains.
斯蒂芬妮·福解释道。
In 1926, in Toronto, Canada, a 72-year-old lawyer named Charles Vance Miller was at lunch at the Queens Hotel with two lawyer friends.
1926 年，在加拿大多伦多，一位名叫查尔斯·万斯·米勒 (Charles Vance Miller) 的 72 岁律师正在皇后酒店与两位律师朋友共进午餐。
They got into an argument over some legal matter.
他们因一些法律问题发生争执。
Miller told them they were both wrong, and he'd prove it if they followed him up to his office.
米勒告诉他们，他们都错了，如果他们跟着他到他的办公室，他就会证明这一点。
He eagerly ran up three flights of stairs, grabbed a law book, plopped it on his desk, and then died.
他急切地跑上三层楼梯，抓起一本法律书，把它放在桌子上，然后就死了。
Just put his head down on the desk, and was gone.
他只是把头埋在桌子上，然后就走了。
A couple days later, rumors started swirling.
几天后，谣言开始流传。
Charles Vance Miller had done well for himself, gotten rich.
查尔斯·万斯·米勒（Charles Vance Miller）为自己做得很好，变得富有。
He'd avoided scandal his whole life, was an upstanding citizen, though he had no family, never married.
他一生都避免了丑闻，是一个正直的公民，尽管他没有家庭，从未结过婚。
He'd hinted that he'd leave his fortune to the University of Toronto.
他曾暗示他会将自己的财产留给多伦多大学。
But when his fellow lawyers brought out his will, that's not what they found.
但当他的律师同事拿出他的遗嘱时，他们发现情况并非如此。
As soon as Miller's people started executing his will, they realized that his will was like an elaborate prank, as if he'd thrown a bunch of money out of a window to watch what would happen.
米勒的人一开始执行他的遗嘱，就发现他的遗嘱就像一个精心设计的恶作剧，就好像他把一大笔钱扔出窗外，看看会发生什么。
He left stock in a brewery to prohibitionist pastors.
他把一家啤酒厂的库存留给了禁酒派牧师。
He gave his racing stock to people who didn't believe in betting.
他把他的赛车股票给了那些不相信赌博的人。
He said he wanted to leave his vacation home in Jamaica to three other lawyers, a nice thing for them to share, except for the fact that the three lawyers all hated each other.
他说他想把牙买加的度假屋留给另外三位律师，这对他们来说是件好事，除了这三位律师都互相憎恨。
But by far, the clause that unleashed the most mayhem was the last one.
但到目前为止，引发最大混乱的条款是最后一项。
It's about all the rest of his money.
这是他剩下的所有钱。
I'll just read it to you.
我就读给你听。
"At the expiration of 10 years from my death, give it and its accumulations to the mother who has, since my death, given birth in Toronto to the greatest number of children, as shown by the registrations under the Vital Statistics Act," end quote.
“在我去世后 10 年届满时，将其及其累积的财产交给自我去世以来在多伦多生下最多孩子的母亲，正如《生命统计法》下的登记所显示的那样，”引用结尾。
In other words, the woman who had the most babies in the 10 years after his death would be awarded a whole lot of money-- 9 million Canadian dollars in today's money, or almost $7 million US.
换句话说，在他死后10年里生孩子最多的女人将获得一大笔钱——按今天的货币计算是900万加元，或者近700万美元。
There were immediately a number of theories as to why Miller did this, but none of them were charitable.
关于米勒这样做的原因，立即出现了多种理论，但没有一个是出于慈善目的。
If he really wanted to support a young woman with a bundle of kids, he could have just willed all the money to her at the time of his death.
如果他真的想养活一个带着一群孩子的年轻女子，他可以在去世时将所有的钱都遗赠给她。
But setting this up over the next 10 years created a twisted contest.
但在接下来的 10 年里设置这一点却造成了一场扭曲的竞争。
Some said he was an avid supporter of birth control, so maybe setting off a baby-making storm could be a wicked way to force a conversation about it.
有人说他是节育的狂热支持者，因此掀起一场生孩子风暴可能是迫使人们谈论节育问题的一种邪恶方式。
Some said he was trying to test the legal system's ability to hold up a crazy will, but that he'd really expected it would be thrown out, that the money would just automatically be donated to the University of Toronto, his Alma mater.
有人说，他试图测试法律体系是否有能力维持疯狂的遗嘱，但他确实预计遗嘱会被扔掉，这笔钱会自动捐赠给他的母校多伦多大学。
People said that Miller had been obsessed with the idea of what people would do for money.
人们说米勒一直痴迷于人们为了钱会做什么的想法。
He liked to talk about how everybody had their price.
他喜欢谈论每个人如何定价。
Maybe he was testing the women of Toronto to see what theirs was.
也许他正在测试多伦多的女性，看看她们的情况如何。
I don't think anybody fully knows why he did this.
我认为没有人完全知道他为什么这样做。
This is Elizabeth Wilton.
这是伊丽莎白·威尔顿。
She wrote a 200-page dissertation on the contest.
她就这次比赛写了一篇200页的论文。
I feel like the modern day word for it would be that he was basically a troll.
我觉得用现代的话来说，他基本上是一个巨魔。
He pretty much cops to it in his will.
他在遗嘱中几乎遵守了这一点。
He says, "This will is necessarily uncommon and capricious, because I have no dependents or near relations, and no duty rests upon me to leave any property at my death.
他说：“这个遗嘱必然是不寻常和反复无常的，因为我没有受抚养人或近亲，而且我没有义务在我死后留下任何财产。
And what I do leave is proof of my folly in gathering and retaining more than I required in my lifetime." Apparently, Miller really liked to drop dollar bills on the sidewalk, and hide and watch people pick them up.
我留下的东西证明了我收集和保留的东西比我一生所需的东西是愚蠢的。”显然，米勒很喜欢把钞票扔在人行道上，然后躲起来看着人们捡起来。
When I think about the kind of person who'd plant a wallet in the street and put it on YouTube today as a commentary on human nature, yeah, I feel like I know who that guy is.
当我想到那种人会把钱包放在街上并今天把它放在 YouTube 上作为对人性的评论时，是的，我觉得我知道那个人是谁。
For the first few years after Miller died, nothing happened.
米勒去世后的最初几年，什么也没发生。
A few newspaper articles were written.
写了几篇报纸文章。
Nobody took it very seriously.
没有人认真对待它。
Some relatives went to court, arguing that the money should go to them.
一些亲戚告上法庭，主张这笔钱应该归他们所有。
And then, six years after his death, the attorney general introduced a bill trying to nullify the will and have the money donated to the University of Toronto.
然后，在他去世六年后，总检察长提出了一项法案，试图废除遗嘱，并将这笔钱捐给多伦多大学。
This was a mistake-- totally backfired.
这是一个错误——完全适得其反。
Before this, not many people knew about the will.
在此之前，没有多少人知道这份遗嘱。
But now that the government was trying to invalidate it, the press picked it up, and there was a huge public outcry.
但现在政府试图废除它，媒体却报道了它，引起了公众的强烈抗议。
But not in the way you might think.
但不是你想象的那样。
The public was like, baby-making race?
公众就像是，生孩子竞赛？
Hell, yeah, we want a baby-making race.
天哪，是的，我们想要一场生孩子比赛。
Women's groups supported the contest because they felt women should have a fair shot at the money, which, what can I say?
妇女团体支持这次比赛，因为她们认为妇女应该有公平的机会获得金钱，我能说什么？
It was a different time.
那是一个不同的时代。
Others disagreed with the government intervening in people's wills and affairs.
其他人则不同意政府干预人民的意愿和事务。
Altogether, it caused an uproar.
总而言之，引起了轩然大波。
The government backtracked, said, OK, fine.
政府反悔了，说，好吧，好吧。
You people have fun.
你们这些人玩得很开心。
And with that, the race was on.
比赛就这样开始了。
Usually when this story has been told, it's like, ha ha.
通常当这个故事被讲述时，就像，哈哈。
A man created this zany will that set off a wild baby-making storm in Canada.
一个男人创造了这个滑稽的遗嘱，在加拿大掀起了一场疯狂的生孩子风暴。
It conjures Brady Bunch images of big families happily schtupping their way to fame and fortune, knee deep in Cabbage Patch children.
它让人想起布雷迪·邦奇(Brady Bunch)的画面：大家庭幸福地在名利双收的道路上，和卷心菜地的孩子们在一起。
But the way it unfolded was actually much darker, because, of course, the story is about an old man encouraging women to go through the excruciating pain and danger of childbirth as often as possible in a 10-year period-- a 10-year period that was already half over.
但它的展开方式实际上要黑暗得多，因为当然，这个故事是关于一个老人鼓励妇女在十年内尽可能多地经历分娩的痛苦和危险——这个十年已经过去了一半。
This contest didn't really get started until six years in.
这项比赛直到六年后才真正开始。
That made it skewed from the start.
这使得它从一开始就出现了偏差。
It meant suddenly the only contenders were women who had about six babies in the last six years, women who didn't even know there was a contest to be part of.
这突然意味着，唯一的竞争者是在过去六年里生过大约六个孩子的女性，她们甚至不知道有一场比赛可以参加。
They found out about it quick, when reporters started pounding on their doors.
当记者开始敲门时，他们很快就发现了此事。
It was madness, really.
真的，这太疯狂了。
It was a media feeding frenzy.
这是媒体的疯狂报道。
This is Karyn Nolan.
这是卡林·诺兰。
She worked with Elizabeth to develop a screenplay for a movie based on the contest that aired on Canadian television in 2002.
她与伊丽莎白合作根据 2002 年在加拿大电视台播出的比赛创作了一部电影剧本。
As soon as the will was verified, reporters went through the birth registry, found women who had already given birth to about six children since Charles's death, and dashed to their homes to try and get the exclusive.
遗嘱一经核实，记者就通过了出生登记处，找到了自查尔斯去世以来已经生下大约六个孩子的妇女，并纷纷赶回家中，试图获得独家遗嘱。
You know they coined the phrase, the Stork Derby, comparing it to like a horse race.
你知道他们创造了“Stork Derby”这个词，将其比作赛马。
So there was a mad dash to track down the women, get their exclusive stories, and to follow them and hound them on the very intimate and personal details of their life.
因此，人们疯狂地追寻这些女性，获取她们的独家故事，跟踪她们，追寻她们生活中非常私密和个人的细节。
It must have been a jarring experience to be an automatic front-runner in this bizarre contest.
在这场奇怪的比赛中自动成为领先者，一定是一次不愉快的经历。
But most of the mothers went along with it because of the 9 million dollars.
但大多数妈妈因为900万美元就同意了。
Many of the contestants were desperately poor.
许多参赛者都非常贫穷。
During those first six years, the Great Depression had taken hold.
在最初的六年里，大萧条已经来临。
Nearly a quarter of Toronto's families were on welfare.
多伦多近四分之一的家庭靠救济金生活。
Families were living in shacks or camps.
家人住在棚屋或营地里。
Some even ate groundhogs to keep from starving.
有些人甚至吃土拨鼠来避免挨饿。
Canada's birth rate had actually plummeted at the time.
当时加拿大的出生率实际上已经大幅下降。
And so most of the families that suddenly found themselves in the running to receive this Stork Derby money agreed to media scrutiny because they wanted the chance at the prize, and because, in the short term, the newspapers offered them money-- exclusive contracts where reporters could come and photograph and interview the families whenever they wanted to.
因此，大多数突然发现自己有机会获得鹳德比赛奖金的家庭都同意接受媒体监督，因为他们希望有机会获奖，而且因为在短期内，报纸向他们提供了金钱——独家合同，记者可以在他们愿意的时候来拍摄和采访这些家庭。
Sometimes the families even got advertising deals for things like soap.
有时，这些家庭甚至可以获得肥皂等物品的广告优惠。
In many ways, this was sort of like an OG reality show, albeit a really perverse one.
从很多方面来说，这有点像一档 OG 真人秀，尽管确实很反常。
The front-runners of the Stork Derby even became household names, like Jon & Kate Plus 8, or maybe more like Octomom.
Stork Derby 的领跑者甚至成为家喻户晓的名字，比如 Jon & Kate Plus 8，或者更像 Octomom。
After all, it was billed on the newsreels as freak Canadian race.
毕竟，它在新闻短片中被宣传为怪异的加拿大种族。
Papers all over the world, from the New York Daily News to the Marshfield, Wisconsin, News Herald picked up the story.
从《纽约每日新闻》到《威斯康星州马什菲尔德新闻先驱报》，世界各地的报纸都报道了这个故事。
The press followed a bunch of contenders, but I'm only going to run through three of the long-term favorites to win.
媒体关注了许多竞争者，但我只会介绍三个长期最有希望获胜的人。
One of the first competitors that the newspapers dug up was Mrs. Grace Bagnato.
报纸挖出的第一批竞争对手之一是格蕾丝·巴格纳托夫人。
I don't want to give away who won or how many kids Mrs. Bagnato actually had during the race, but over her lifetime, Mrs. Bagnato was pregnant 24 times, though only 12 of those children lived.
我不想透露谁获胜了，或者巴格纳托夫人在比赛中实际上生了多少个孩子，但在她的一生中，巴格纳托夫人怀孕了 24 次，尽管其中只有 12 个孩子活了下来。
She was a working mother.
她是一位职业母亲。
She was a whiz with languages-- picked up Polish, German, Yiddish, and worked as a court interpreter in Italian.
她是语言天才——会波兰语、德语、意第绪语，并担任意大利语法庭口译员。
All the while, she raised her 12 children and would get up at 4:30 in the morning to make two dozen butter tarts, macaroni, meatballs, sausage, and her famous red sauce for her family.
一直以来，她抚养着 12 个孩子，每天早上 4:30 就起床，为家人制作两打黄油馅饼、通心粉、肉丸、香肠和她著名的红酱。
But the public didn't exactly see her as a hero.
但公众并不完全将她视为英雄。
Here's Karyn again.
卡琳又来了。
The cultural makeup of Toronto at the time was a very WASPy, WASPy society.
当时多伦多的文化构成是一个非常WASPy、WASPy 的社会。
And we have this Italian family here who is reproducing children at a rate that outpaced the white, Protestant Anglo-Saxons.
我们这里有一个意大利家庭，他们的生育速度超过了白人新教盎格鲁撒克逊人。
Mrs. Bagnato's husband was an Italian immigrant, and some papers weren't kind about that.
巴尼亚托夫人的丈夫是意大利移民，一些报纸对此并不友善。
These were the years leading up to World War II.
这些年是第二次世界大战前夕。
Of course, it didn't help that one of the other Italian contestants named one of their Derby babies little Benito Mussolini.
当然，另一位意大利参赛者将他们的德比婴儿命名为“小贝尼托·墨索里尼”，这也无济于事。
But because of their nationality, Italian families in the race received phone calls calling their families fascists and threatening to kidnap their children.
但由于国籍原因，参加竞选的意大利家庭接到电话，称他们的家人是法西斯分子，并威胁要绑架他们的孩子。
Contestant number two was Mrs. X.
第二名参赛者是X女士。
She was the scandalous one.
她是最丑闻的一个。
She was a social outcast because her children were fathered by different men, which was taboo, and she was shamed for that.
她是一个社会弃儿，因为她的孩子是由不同的男人生的，这是禁忌，她为此感到羞耻。
She was considered to be a trollop by having children with more than one man.
由于与多个男人生孩子，她被认为是一个浪荡子。
That's a saucy word.
这真是一个俏皮的话。
Karyn Nolan [LAUGHS]
卡琳·诺兰[笑]
I should start using that.
我应该开始使用它。
Mrs. X had five children from her husband, but then her marriage fell apart.
X 女士与她的丈夫育有五个孩子，但后来她的婚姻破裂了。
He moved out, and she entered into a new relationship with a man and had another five kids with him.
他搬了出去，她与一个男人建立了新的关系，并与他生了另外五个孩子。
She wanted to marry him, but didn't have enough money to go through with her divorce.
她想嫁给他，但没有足够的钱离婚。
All in all, Mrs. X had 10 children by the time she was 24.
总而言之，X 女士在 24 岁时已有 10 个孩子。
She tried to hide her identity because of the circumstances of her situation, but her name was eventually revealed-- Pauline Mae Clark.
由于处境的原因，她试图隐藏自己的身份，但她的名字最终被揭露——宝琳·梅·克拉克。
She's my favorite character in the whole story.
她是整个故事中我最喜欢的角色。
Why is she your favorite?
为什么她是你的最爱？
Karyn Nolan I think her eccentricity, for one thing, her passion, and her undeniable belief that she was the chosen one, if you will.
卡琳·诺兰 我认为她的古怪，一方面是她的热情，以及她不可否认的信念，即她是被选中的人，如果你愿意的话。
Mrs. Kenny was in it to win it.
肯尼夫人参与其中是为了赢得胜利。
She was under 5 feet tall, but over the course of her lifetime, she wound up carrying 19 pregnancies to term.
她身高不到 5 英尺，但在她的一生中，她一共怀孕了 19 次。
She was French Canadian, married to an Irish man, and she believed that money was hers.
她是法裔加拿大人，嫁给了一个爱尔兰男人，她相信钱是她的。
She said she had the gift of second sight, and a divine connection with Miller, who told her she was going to win.
她说她有第二次视力的天赋，并且与米勒有着神圣的联系，米勒告诉她她会赢。
So of course, it had to be true.
所以当然，这必须是真的。
Mrs. Kenny was a talented wood carver, and often sold her carvings in the street.
肯尼夫人是一位才华横溢的木雕师，经常在街上出售她的木雕作品。
And she carved a large number of statues of Miller, even named one of her children after him.
她还雕刻了大量米勒的雕像，甚至以他的名字给她的一个孩子命名。
At one point, a bunch of the leading Derby mothers got together and said, screw this whole race.
有一次，一群领先的德比妈妈聚集在一起说，搞砸了整个比赛。
Let's just share the winnings.
让我们一起分享奖金吧。
It was a ton of money.
这是一大笔钱。
They were all poor.
他们都很穷。
It would still result in plenty for everyone.
它仍然会给每个人带来很多。
But Mrs. Kenny was the sole holdout, the only one who insisted no.
但肯尼夫人是唯一的坚持者，唯一坚持不同意的人。
I'm the winner, she shouted once, and I won't split with anybody.
我是胜利者，她有一次喊道，我不会与任何人分开。
Why should I?
我为什么要这么做？
It's my money.
这是我的钱。
And if the judge doesn't give it all to me, I'll walk right up to the bench and punch him in the eye.
如果法官不把一切都交给我，我会径直走到法官席上，打他的眼睛。
So yeah, Mrs. Kenny was tough as nails, but she probably was the poorest of the three.
是的，肯尼夫人非常坚强，但她可能是三个人中最穷的一个。
Her family lived in a slum, and their home was infested with rats.
她家住在贫民窟，家里老鼠横行。
One night, rats attacked three of her children.
一天晚上，老鼠袭击了她的三个孩子。
Tiny, three-month-old Patrick had the worst of it.
三个月大的小帕特里克经历了最糟糕的事情。
Here's Karyn.
这是卡琳。
So yes, it had bitten the baby in the face and neck area.
所以是的，它咬了婴儿的脸和脖子。
And as we all know, throughout history, rats carry diseases.
众所周知，纵观历史，老鼠都携带疾病。
But they couldn't afford the hospital.
但他们买不起医院的费用。
They couldn't.
他们不能。
This is so difficult to even talk-- it's unbelievable that it still chokes me up.
这甚至很难说——令人难以置信的是它仍然让我窒息。
Mrs. Kenny and her neighbors tried desperately to have the public health nurse visit her home, but to no avail.
肯尼夫人和她的邻居拼命试图让公共卫生护士来她家，但无济于事。
The baby died.
婴儿死了。
And then it was all over the front pages of the newspaper, but always written in terms of what this meant for the chances of Mrs. Kenny or whatever other woman that the coverage was centered on.
然后它出现在报纸的头版上，但总是以这对肯尼夫人或报道所关注的其他女性的机会意味着什么来写。
Every loss, or tragedy, or triumph was always put in terms of their chances in the race, not in terms of what kind of a system do we have where someone's baby can die of rat bites in the first place?
每一次失败、悲剧或胜利总是根据他们在比赛中的机会来衡量，而不是根据我们有什么样的制度来让某人的婴儿首先会死于老鼠咬伤？
It's hard to say how many women had babies specifically for this race.
很难说有多少女性专门为了这场比赛而生孩子。
When they talked to reporters, everyone always said the same thing.
当他们接受记者采访时，大家总是说同样的话。
I would have had this child anyway.
无论如何我都会有这个孩子。
I tend to believe Mrs. Bagnato, and many of the other Catholic families in the race.
我倾向于相信巴尼亚托夫人，以及竞选中的许多其他天主教家庭。
I don't think Mrs. Bagnato was ever playing the game.
我认为巴格纳托夫人从来没有玩过这个游戏。
She'd been cranking out a baby a year long before she heard a word about the Derby, so the whole contest was just an added bonus to her.
在她听到有关德比的消息之前，她已经生了一个孩子一年了，所以整个比赛对她来说只是一个额外的奖励。
But then there was Mrs. Kenny, who was obviously playing to win, and said outright that she was trying to make babies.
但肯尼夫人显然是为了赢，并直截了当地说她想生孩子。
And then you have Mrs. Clark.
然后是克拉克夫人。
Mrs. Clark's situation was the most unsettling.
克拉克夫人的情况最令人不安。
It came out that Mrs. Clark's lover had drawn up a contract with her where he could get half her winnings if he impregnated her enough.
结果发现，克拉克夫人的情人与她签订了一份合同，如果他让她怀孕得足够多，他就可以获得她一半的奖金。
Mrs. Clark's lover was also abusive.
克拉克夫人的情人也有虐待行为。
He'd given her a black eye, broke her door down, chased her out into the street after a fight.
他打伤了她的眼睛，打破了她的门，在一场争吵后将她赶到了街上。
So maybe she didn't want to be pregnant as many times as she was.
所以也许她不想怀孕那么多次。
Maybe she was forced to.
也许她是被迫的。
Here's Elizabeth.
这是伊丽莎白。
You sort of wonder, was she basically abused?
你有点想知道，她基本上是被虐待了吗？
Was she taken advantage of?
她被利用了吗？
Because if you think about also the kind of power dynamic that Miller set up between men and women-- and at that time, if your partner, or if your husband, or your lover thought that if he got you pregnant over and over, that you might win millions of dollars-- and she was a very young woman.
因为如果你想想米勒在男女之间建立的那种权力动态——当时，如果你的伴侣，或者你的丈夫，或者你的爱人认为，如果他一次又一次让你怀孕，你可能会赢得数百万美元——而她是一个非常年轻的女人。
And--
还有——
So you were sort of insinuating that maybe these women might have been coerced.
所以你有点暗示这些女性可能是被胁迫的。
I mean, I don't know.
我的意思是，我不知道。
I think it doesn't take a lot for someone to put together with this young woman, and so many babies, and with this huge prize.
我认为一个人不需要花太多的时间就能与这个年轻的女人、这么多的婴儿以及这个巨大的奖品放在一起。
In 1933.
1933年。
It looked like Mrs. Bagnato was going to win.
看来巴格纳托夫人要赢了。
Then in 1934, headlines read that Mrs. Kenny had taken the lead.
1934 年，头条新闻报道肯尼夫人带头了。
In 1935, another woman, Mrs. Timleck, quote, "sped to the front." In 1936, Madam X was listed as a late entry, tied for second.
1935 年，另一位女士蒂姆莱克夫人（Mrs. Timleck）“冲到了前线”。 1936年，X女士被列为较晚参赛者，并列第二名。
All the while, the physical toll for these mothers was enormous.
一直以来，这些母亲所承受的身体伤害是巨大的。
Mrs. Bagnato suffered a hemorrhage near the end of her final pregnancy, and many of the Stork Derby mothers were in and out of the hospital for operations and transfusions.
巴格纳托夫人在最后一次怀孕快结束时发生了大出血，许多鹳鸟德比赛的母亲都进出医院接受手术和输血。
And all three mothers suffered the emotional toll of having stillborn babies during the race.
三位母亲在比赛期间都因死产而承受了情感上的损失。
Most of the women couldn't afford to have their children in hospitals, and so the infant mortality rate of the Derby babies was six times that of the national average.
大多数妇女无力承担在医院生孩子的费用，因此德比婴儿的婴儿死亡率是全国平均水平的六倍。
34% of these babies died.
其中 34% 的婴儿死亡。
But aside from an article or two, again, the press only saw these deaths in the context of the race.
但除了一两篇文章之外，媒体只在比赛的背景下看到了这些死亡事件。
The headline in a 1936 Montreal paper was, "Stillborn Infant May Assure Prize." Underneath, "A stillborn child may assure Mrs. Matthew Kenny the prize in the Stork Derby under the will of late Charles Vance Miller.
1936 年蒙特利尔报纸的标题是“死产婴儿可能获得保证奖”。在下面，“根据已故查尔斯·万斯·米勒的遗嘱，一个死产的孩子可以向马修·肯尼夫人保证在鹳鸟德比赛中获得奖金。
Her nearest competitor is believed to be Mrs. Joseph Bagnato."
据信，她最接近的竞争对手是约瑟夫·巴格纳托夫人。”
The race ended on Halloween 1936.
比赛于 1936 年万圣节结束。
But at first, it wasn't clear who had won.
但一开始并不清楚谁赢了。
Here's how our three competitors stood on that date.
以下是我们的三位竞争对手在那一天的表现。
Mrs. Kenny claimed to have had 11 children.
肯尼夫人声称自己有 11 个孩子。
Mrs. Clark said she had 11, as well.
克拉克夫人说她也有 11 个。
Mrs. Bagnato had nine.
巴尼亚托夫人有九个。
But Mrs. Kenny and Mrs. Clark didn't walk away with the prize that easily.
但肯尼夫人和克拉克夫人并没有那么轻易地获得奖品。
With Mrs. Clark, the scandalous one who had tied for the largest number of children, the lawyers in charge of the estate had some questions about her case, and raised the question of whether children born out of wedlock should count.
克拉克夫人是一位丑闻缠身、子女数量最多的人，负责遗产管理的律师对她的案件提出了一些疑问，并提出了非婚生子女是否应该计算在内的问题。
This is where it was clear that there had been a huge oversight.
很明显，这里存在巨大的疏忽。
Nobody had actually set rules for this contest at its beginning.
实际上，从一开始就没有人为这场比赛制定规则。
Remember, Miller explained this whole contest in two sentences in his will.
请记住，米勒在遗嘱中用两句话解释了整个比赛。
So as the court saw it, there were nuances that needed to be figured out, rules to be set.
因此，在法庭看来，需要弄清楚一些细微差别，需要制定规则。
But of course, only after the fact of everything, after the babies had been born and the blood transfusions administered.
但当然，只有在一切都发生之后，在婴儿出生并进行输血之后。
A massive, multi-way court battle broke out.
一场大规模的、多方的法庭斗争爆发了。
All of the contestants had to go to court to prove that they had the most children.
所有参赛者都必须上法庭证明他们拥有最多的孩子。
Each woman had to lawyer up and go up against the lawyers for the executors of the estate.
每个女人都必须请律师并与遗产执行人的律师对抗。
The fight went on for two years.
战斗持续了两年。
And of course, now the rules would be determined in front of an audience.
当然，现在规则将在观众面前确定。
To figure out if her illegitimate children would count, Mrs. Clark and her lover's abusive sexual history was scrutinized on the stand.
为了弄清楚她的私生子是否算在内，克拉克夫人和她情人的性虐待史在证人席上受到了仔细审查。
He recounted his physical violence with her, admitted to giving her a black eye and busting down the door to her house, and to the contract he drew up.
他讲述了他对她的身体暴力，承认把她打肿了，还破门而入，还承认了他起草的合同。
When he mentioned the contract, the courtroom burst out into raucous, mocking laughter.
当他提到合同时，法庭上爆发出刺耳的、嘲讽的笑声。
And in fact, the lawyers regularly threw in crude jokes during the trial, soliciting giggles from the audience.
事实上，律师们在庭审过程中经常会讲一些粗俗的笑话，引来观众的阵阵笑声。
In the end, it was decided that illegitimate children could not be counted within the Derby, and so Mrs. Clark's number got knocked down to five.
最终，德比比赛中不计入非婚生子女，因此克拉克夫人的人数减少到了五个。
She was out of the running.
她已经出局了。
Then came Mrs. Kenny, the one who believed she was the winner and had carved statues of Miller.
然后是肯尼夫人，她相信自己是胜利者，并为米勒雕刻了雕像。
She'd also tied for 11, but apparently two of her children had not been properly registered, probably because Mrs. Kenny was too poor to deliver her children in hospitals.
她也并列第 11 位，但显然她的两个孩子没有正确登记，可能是因为肯尼夫人太穷了，无法在医院生孩子。
She'd had them at home instead.
她把它们放在家里了。
That brought her count down to nine children, but no big deal.
这使她的孩子数减至九个，但这没什么大不了的。
She was still in the running.
她仍在奔跑。
Then the lawyers pointed out three of her children had been stillborn.
然后律师指出她的三个孩子已经死产。
Quick warning-- I'm about to talk about a lot of traumatic births.
快速警告——我要谈论很多痛苦的分娩。
Until this point, everyone had assumed that stillborn children would count for the Derby.
在此之前，每个人都认为死产婴儿将计入德比战。
Again, this hadn't been in the rules.
再说一次，这并不在规则之内。
And after all, these women had carried these children to term.
毕竟，这些孩子是这些妇女生下来的。
But now in Mrs. Kenney's trial, lawyers for the executors of the estate started questioning that.
但现在在肯尼夫人的审判中，遗产执行人的律师开始对此提出质疑。
And so Mrs. Kennedy had to sit while a pack of lawyers argued around her about how legitimate her dead children were.
因此，肯尼迪夫人不得不坐着，周围一群律师争论她死去的孩子的合法性。
They brought up doctors and had them give graphic descriptions of the stillbirths, if each baby breathed, if its heart ever beat.
他们请来了医生，让他们对死产进行生动的描述，了解每个婴儿是否有呼吸，是否有心脏跳动。
She had to relive the moments all over again.
她必须再次重温那些时刻。
Mrs. Kenny cried throughout this, and eventually ran from the courtroom.
肯尼夫人在整个过程中哭泣，最终逃离了法庭。
It was just all too much for her.
这对她来说实在是太过分了。
And at one point, she left the courtroom just screaming that she was being treated like a dog.
有一次，她离开法庭时只是尖叫着自己被当作一条狗对待。
And there never was a sensitive portrait of this woman.
而且从来没有关于这个女人的敏感肖像。
It was all sort of caricature-style, so I think the coverage just continued in that way, you know?
这有点漫画风格，所以我认为报道就是这样继续的，你知道吗？
The newspaper report said she was shrieking, insinuated that she was drunk, and said, quote, "During the scuffle, Mrs. Kenny dealt at least half a dozen hard blows on the arms and bodies of the officers who showed great restraint in their tactics." In the end, it didn't help her case.
报纸报道说，她当时正在尖叫，暗示她喝醉了，并引用说，“在混战中，肯尼夫人对那些在战术上表现得非常克制的警察的手臂和身体至少进行了六次重击。”最终，这对她的案子没有帮助。
"A child born dead is not, in truth, a child," the judge wrote.
法官写道：“事实上，一个生下来就死掉的孩子并不是一个孩子。”
"It was that which might have been a child." Her count was knocked down to six.
“那可能是个孩子。”她数到了六。
Mrs. Kenny was out of the running.
肯尼夫人落选了。
Lastly, there was Mrs. Bagnato, who, again, had nine children.
最后是巴尼亚托夫人，她也有九个孩子。
But one was stillborn and another was unregistered.
但其中一胎死产，另一胎未登记。
Mrs. Bagnato suggested that there was some conspiracy with this.
巴尼亚托夫人暗示这其中有某种阴谋。
She said she'd registered the child herself at the Parliament Buildings.
她说她亲自在议会大厦为孩子登记了。
She was quoted as saying, "If they can't find the record, it'll be just too bad for them up there.
据报道，她说道：“如果他们找不到这张唱片，那对他们来说就太糟糕了。
I will tear the Parliament Buildings apart before I give up.
在我放弃之前我会把国会大厦撕成碎片。
I'm supposed to be in the hospital now with another baby coming, but I'll stay on my feet until I drop or this is cleared up."
我现在应该在医院里，另一个孩子即将出生，但我会坚持下去，直到我倒下或事情得到解决。”
But her protestations didn't sway the judge, and she eventually did give up.
但她的抗议并没有动摇法官，她最终还是放弃了。
After all, she did have a job, and almost a dozen mouths to feed.
毕竟，她确实有工作，还有近十几张嘴要养活。
At the end of two years, none of the three favorites wound up at the finish line.
两年结束时，三支热门球队都没有到达终点线。
Four other women, with nine babies each, won.
另外四名妇女（每人有九个孩子）获胜。
Each of these women walked away with what today would be about 2 million Canadian dollars, or $1 and 1/2 million US dollars.
这些女性每人都带走了大约 200 万加元，即 1 又 1/2 百万美元。
Most were latecomers who really only became candidates when the heavy hitters were eliminated.
大多数都是后来者，只有当重量级选手被淘汰后，他们才真正成为候选人。
And these four women had something else in common.
这四位女性还有一些共同点。
Here's Elizabeth.
这是伊丽莎白。
I mean, the families that won were white, Protestant families who were essentially middle class, and who had homes that, when the reporters went into them and described the homes, it was always the clean and tidy home, and the well-kept this.
我的意思是，获胜的家庭是白人新教家庭，他们本质上是中产阶级，他们的房屋，当记者走进他们并描述房屋时，他们的房屋总是干净整洁，而且维护得很好。
And the forerunners through the whole race were working-class people, and unemployed people, and they had varied ethnic backgrounds.
整个种族的先行者是工人阶级和失业者，他们有不同的种族背景。
Maybe it wasn't a coincidence that these women didn't win.
也许这些女性没有获胜并不是巧合。
Maybe they didn't win because they didn't have the means to navigate the system as elegantly.
也许他们没有获胜是因为他们没有办法优雅地驾驭系统。
Or maybe the judge who decided the contest had his finger on the scale.
或者也许是决定比赛胜负的评委将手指放在了秤上。
In its last four years, the public's view of the contest had turned, as people saw how it played out.
在过去的四年里，随着人们看到比赛的结果，公众对比赛的看法发生了转变。
It had encouraged the poorest women to have the most children.
它鼓励最贫穷的妇女生育最多的孩子。
That set alarm bells off for a big group of people in what was a growing and popular movement at the time-- eugenics.
这给一大群人敲响了警钟，这场运动当时正在兴起并流行起来——优生学。
Teddy Roosevelt was into eugenics.
泰迪·罗斯福热衷于优生学。
Alexander Graham Bell, WEB Dubois, even Helen Keller.
亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔、WEB·杜波依斯，甚至海伦·凯勒。
A refresher-- eugenicists believed that in order to improve the human species, some people shouldn't be allowed to reproduce.
复习一下——优生学家认为，为了改善人类物种，不应该允许某些人繁殖。
And yes, that's just as creepy as it sounds.
是的，这就像听起来一样令人毛骨悚然。
At the end of the contest, they came forth in droves to say that the money shouldn't be given to any women.
比赛结束后，他们纷纷站出来表示，这些钱不应该给任何女性。
Here's Elizabeth.
这是伊丽莎白。
The social commentary was around, who are these people, and should they be reproducing?
社会评论纷纷议论，这些人是谁，他们应该繁衍后代吗？
They're not Canadian-born.
他们不是加拿大出生的。
They're poor.
他们很穷。
They're not the right people.
他们不是合适的人。
A minister, Reverend Claire Sillcox, submitted written testimony against the participants as, quote, "unspeakable women," and argued that these poor children would eventually reduce wages and lower the standard of living.
牧师克莱尔·希尔科克斯 (Claire Silcox) 提交了书面证词，指控参与者为“难以形容的妇女”，并认为这些贫穷的孩子最终会减少工资并降低生活水平。
An editor for a Canadian newspaper said that the contest attracted, quote, "those whose progeny would be of little use to the state." Elizabeth and Karyn believe that this environment influenced the judge, that he eliminated, on technicalities, all the contestants who had not made the right kinds of babies.
加拿大一家报纸的一位编辑称，这场竞赛吸引了“那些其后代对国家没有多大用处的人”。伊丽莎白和卡琳认为，这种环境影响了法官，他在技术细节上淘汰了所有没有生出正确类型婴儿的参赛者。
Here's Karyn.
这是卡琳。
Yeah.
是的。
I do believe that it was intentional, because they went to such lengths to discredit those that were the others-- the French Canadian Catholic, the woman with the illegitimate children, the Italian Catholic with her immigrant husband.
我确实相信这是故意的，因为他们不遗余力地抹黑其他人——法裔加拿大天主教徒、有私生子的女人、有移民丈夫的意大利天主教徒。
It became a platform for them to send the message of, to use of a modern phrase, stay in your lane, like immigrants know their place.
它成为他们传递信息的平台，用现代短语来说，留在你的车道上，就像移民知道自己的位置一样。
They were definitely trying to send a message.
他们肯定是想传达一个信息。
After the lawsuit took place, Mrs. Clark and Mrs. Kenny both filed appeals, and both received settlements for the equivalent of 200,000 Canadian dollars each.
诉讼发生后，克拉克夫人和肯尼夫人均提出上诉，并均获得了相当于20万加元的和解金。
Mrs. Bagnato, the immigrant translator, walked away with nothing.
移民翻译巴格纳托夫人什么也没带走。
Ladies and gentlemen, the antipasto bar is now open.
女士们先生们，开胃菜酒吧现已营业。
Last December, I shuffled around a table piled high with prosciutto and provolone.
去年十二月，我绕着一张堆满火腿和波伏洛干酪的桌子走来走去。
Santa came into the banquet hall, and little kids ran past me to get their gifts from him.
圣诞老人走进宴会厅，小孩子们从我身边跑过，从他那里拿礼物。
I was at the 89th annual Bagnato holiday party, which, as you can imagine, is bigger than most holiday family gatherings.
我参加了第 89 届年度巴尼亚托假日派对，正如你想象的那样，它比大多数假日家庭聚会都规模更大。
Mrs. Bagnato, remember, had 12 children, and they had children, who also had children, who by now have had children, too.
请记住，巴格纳托夫人有 12 个孩子，他们有孩子，孩子们也有孩子，现在他们也有孩子了。
One of her great-granddaughters gives me a rough estimate.
她的一个曾孙女给了我一个粗略的估计。
There are over 150 people now who are direct descendants of Grace.
现在有超过150人是格雷斯的直系后裔。
About 110 of the descendants and their families are in a reception hall giving generous air kisses, then turning, screaming, oh my god, Uncle Paulie.
大约 110 名后代及其家人在接待大厅里给予慷慨的飞吻，然后转身尖叫，天哪，保利叔叔。
Among the attendees?
在参加者中？
Many teachers, an agent for the cast of the Young and the Restless, a few writers, and a former mayor.
许多教师、《年轻与不安》演员的经纪人、几位作家和一位前市长。
So take that, eugenicists.
所以，优生学家们，请接受这一点。
But talking to a bunch of the Bagnatos, not that many of them know much about the Derby.
但与一群巴格纳托家族的人交谈，他们中对德比了解不多的人并不多。
And those who do, don't seem to care.
而那些这样做的人似乎并不关心。
Does it make you mad that Grace didn't get any money?
格蕾丝没有拿到钱会让你生气吗？
No. Life's not all about money.
不，生活并不全是为了钱。
But no, I don't think so.
但不，我不这么认为。
From what I hear, she was just that amazing woman with a huge heart.
据我所知，她是一位拥有宽广胸怀的出色女性。
And I don't think she would get angry.
而且我认为她不会生气。
Her oldest daughter, Mildred, told me a story that might answer that question.
她的大女儿米尔德里德给我讲了一个故事，也许可以回答这个问题。
You know, her mother made a huge pot of sauce on the stove for Sunday dinner.
你知道，她妈妈在炉子上做了一大锅酱汁作为周日晚餐。
And she had asked Mildred and one of the boys to put it out on the back porch to cool off.
她还要求米尔德里德和其中一个男孩把它放在后门廊上纳凉。
And when they went out to get it, it was gone.
当他们出去拿它时，它已经不见了。
And Mildred was very angry.
米尔德里德非常生气。
And her mother said, but just think, Mildred, somebody's having such a wonderful dinner tonight.
她妈妈说，但想想吧，米尔德里德，今晚有人吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。
After the Derby, Grace told the whole family that they weren't ever to talk about that dumb contest ever again, but she otherwise seemed unfazed.
德比比赛结束后，格蕾丝告诉全家人，他们再也不会谈论那场愚蠢的比赛了，但除此之外她似乎并不担心。
She continued having more kids, even took in an orphan from off the street.
她继续生更多的孩子，甚至还收养了一名街头孤儿。
It's true that the chaos of the Stork Derby turned her into a laughingstock, and rocked Toronto for over a decade.
确实，鹳鸟德比的混乱让她成为了笑柄，并震动了多伦多十多年。
But a century later, it's mostly forgotten-- just a funny old tale from a hundred years ago.
但一个世纪后，它几乎被遗忘了——只是一百年前的一个有趣的老故事。
Charles Vance Miller didn't have any children, and unless you preface it with, remember that crazy Stork Derby guy, nobody remembers his name.
查尔斯·万斯·米勒（Charles Vance Miller）没有孩子，除非你以“记住那个疯狂的鹳德比”作为序言，否则没有人记得他的名字。
But more than a hundred people get together every year to share stories about Grace Bagnato.
但每年都有一百多人聚在一起分享有关格蕾丝·巴格纳托的故事。
There's more than one way to leave a legacy.
留下遗产的方式不止一种。
Stephanie Foo.
史蒂芬妮·福.
She used to be one of our producers here at our show.
她曾经是我们节目的制作人之一。
She's now off writing a book that is part memoir, part science about complex PTSD, and looking for a publisher.
她现在正在写一本关于复杂的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的书，一半是回忆录，一半是科学，正在寻找出版商。
Coming up, something said in the middle of a race between one racer and another that eats at both of them for years after.
接下来，在一名赛车手和另一名赛车手之间的比赛中说了一些话，多年来一直困扰着他们。
That's in a minute from Chicago Public Radio when our program continues.
芝加哥公共广播电台一分钟后我们的节目仍在继续。
It's This American Life.
这就是美国生活。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Today's program--
今天的节目——
[EXPLOSION] [LAUGHS] We never really use sound effects on our show, and that was totally worth it.
[爆炸][笑]我们在节目中从未真正使用过音效，但这是完全值得的。
Anyway, today's show, "The Long Fuse," is about people saying things that end up having consequences for years after.
不管怎样，今天的节目《长导火线》讲述的是人们所说的话最终会在多年后产生后果。
We have arrived at Act Three of our show.
我们已经到了节目的第三幕了。
Act Three, Meatball and Chain.
第三幕，肉丸和链条。
This last story is about three little words, uttered at 25 miles an hour during a sporting event, and the years and years of feelings that those words unleashed.
最后一个故事讲述的是在一场体育赛事中以每小时 25 英里的速度说出的三个小词，以及这些词所释放出的多年来的情感。
Jared Marcelle tells what happened.
贾里德·马塞尔讲述了发生的事情。
Ian Dille was 21 when this whole thing happened.
整件事发生时伊恩·迪尔 (Ian Dille) 21 岁。
He was competing in a big bike race, a national championship.
他正在参加一场大型自行车比赛，全国锦标赛。
It was in Gainesville.
那是在盖恩斯维尔。
Ian's from Austin.
伊恩来自奥斯汀。
And when they got there, he saw that the roads were pretty flat, just like home.
当他们到达那里时，他发现道路非常平坦，就像家里一样。
Plus, it was humid, but not too bad, just like home.
另外，这里很潮湿，但还不错，就像家里一样。
So he was like, hey, I have a good shot at this thing.
所以他说，嘿，我很有机会做这件事。
When the race starts, everyone comes out blazing.
比赛开始后，每个人都神采飞扬。
Everybody was racing really aggressively in that race.
在那场比赛中，每个人都非常积极地比赛。
There was just a lot of attacks.
只是发生了很多攻击。
There'd be a lead group of five riders, and then it would become 10, and then 15, and 20.
领队由 5 名骑手组成，然后变成 10 名、15 名、20 名。
And then a group would come out of that five riders.
然后这五个骑手就会组成一个小组。
And it was kind of like this amoeba that kept breaking up and coming back together.
这有点像阿米巴原虫，不断分裂又重新组合在一起。
Ian wasn't considered one of the favorites, but on this day in this race, he was better than most.
伊恩并不被认为是最受欢迎的人之一，但在这场比赛的这一天，他比大多数人都好。
He kept attacking, taking the lead, staying near the front the whole time.
他不断进攻，占据领先地位，始终保持在最前面。
And then at one point, he realizes, oh man, I'm first.
然后在某个时刻，他意识到，天哪，我是第一个。
Now you'd think being in first place is a good thing.
现在你可能会认为排名第一是一件好事。
But for the majority of a bike race, competitors play hot potato with the top spot.
但在自行车比赛的大部分时间里，参赛者都是在争夺头把交椅。
Chances are, if you stay in first early on for too long, you're probably going to lose.
如果你一开始就保持第一的时间太长，你很可能就会失败。
No, you're definitely going to lose, because the person in first takes on all the wind.
不，你肯定会输，因为先走的人就占尽了风头。
In cycling, this is a big thing.
在自行车运动中，这是一件大事。
The front-runner basically works the hardest.
领先者基本上是最努力的。
And that makes the person that's pedaling behind them have to work a lot less hard.
这使得在他们后面踩踏板的人不必那么努力地工作。
I mean scientifically, it's like 30% to 50% less hard.
我的意思是，从科学角度来说，难度会降低 30% 到 50%。
That's why in bike races, you see bikers lined up behind the lead guy.
这就是为什么在自行车比赛中，你会看到骑自行车的人排在领先者后面。
I remember bending my head over as I was pedaling as hard as I could, and looking behind me, and yeah.
我记得我在尽全力踩踏板时低下头，然后回头看，是的。
I just saw this kind of white-and-black checkered jersey coming across to me, and that was Mike.
我刚刚看到这种黑白格子的球衣映入我的眼帘，那就是迈克。
Mike Friedman.
迈克·弗里德曼.
Ian knew who the favorites at this race were, and this Mike Friedman wasn't one of them.
伊恩知道这场比赛中谁是最热门的，而迈克·弗里德曼不是其中之一。
And so I just sprinted as hard as I could.
所以我尽我所能地冲刺。
He would claw his way back to me, and I just couldn't believe it.
他会拼命回到我身边，我简直不敢相信。
He seemed so done, but he was just really tenacious.
他看起来很疲惫，但他真的很顽强。
He just kept coming back.
他只是不断回来。
Ian was worried now.
伊恩现在很担心。
If he kept the lead, blocking all of the wind for Mike, he was going to get tired.
如果他保持领先，为迈克挡住所有的风，他就会感到疲倦。
Mike might burst ahead and win.
迈克可能会冲锋陷阵并获胜。
So Ian was like, let him get in front for a bit.
所以伊恩就想，让他先走一会儿。
I started coasting, and then we were kind of just coasting.
我开始滑行，然后我们就只是滑行。
And he would look back, and the group would be getting closer to catching us.
他会回头看，那群人就会越来越接近追上我们。
And he said, you can win.
他说，你能赢。
You can win.
你可以赢。
Three words.
三个字。
Ian Dille I knew instantly what it meant.
伊恩·迪尔（Ian Dille）我立即明白了这意味着什么。
He means, if I stop attacking him and let him stay with me, and let him sit in my draft, then when we get to the finish line, he won't sprint me.
他的意思是，如果我停止攻击他，让他留在我身边，让他坐在我的选秀中，那么当我们到达终点线时，他就不会冲刺我了。
He'll let me win the bike race.
他会让我赢得自行车比赛。
Now in cycling, this type of gentlemen's agreement happens all the time.
现在在自行车运动中，这种君子协定经常发生。
Competitors will temporarily agree to a truce so they can conserve energy and stay ahead of the pack.
竞争对手将暂时同意休战，这样他们就可以节省体力并保持领先地位。
It's a strategy.
这是一个策略。
Sometimes this happens at the end, which could end up deciding who wins.
有时这种情况发生在最后，这可能最终决定谁获胜。
Like hey, there's two of us here at the top.
就像嘿，我们两个人在顶部。
I won't sprint on you if you take on the wind resistance for me.
如果你替我承受风的阻力，我就不会向你冲刺。
We can beat everyone else.
我们可以打败其他人。
Ian went for it.
伊恩就这么做了。
I just put my head down and went as hard as I could.
我只是低下头，尽我所能地努力。
I mean, I felt like I was just going so fast, and we had a motorcycle referee that would follow the race.
我的意思是，我觉得我跑得太快了，而且我们有一位摩托车裁判会跟踪比赛。
And they come up and give you time splits.
他们会出现并给你分配时间。
They'll either just tell you, or sometimes they'll have a whiteboard that they'll write the gap between you and the chasers.
他们要么只是告诉你，要么有时他们会在白板上写下你和追赶者之间的差距。
And so they kept coming up, and it would be, you have 20 seconds.
所以他们不断出现，然后就是，你有 20 秒的时间。
And then it was like 30 seconds, and then 40 seconds, and the gap just kept going out, and out, and out.
然后大约是 30 秒，然后是 40 秒，差距不断缩小、缩小、缩小。
I remember with one lap to go and just feeling so happy, like I'd already won the race.
我记得还剩一圈时，我感到非常高兴，就像我已经赢得了比赛一样。
And then so we go around, and then we're coming towards the finish line.
然后我们绕一圈，然后我们就快到终点线了。
And we're getting ready to take the final left-hand turn to the finish.
我们正准备最后一次左转到达终点。
And I turned to him and I was like, yeah, you remember our deal, right?
我转向他，我说，是的，你还记得我们的协议，对吧？
And then Mike just started sprinting.
然后迈克开始冲刺。
And I just remember watching him come by on my left, and my legs started cramping as we went up that hill.
我只记得看着他从我左边走过，当我们爬上那座山时，我的腿开始抽筋。
And I was just like, I can't believe this is happening.
我当时就想，我不敢相信这会发生。
It felt like this dream just all of a sudden kind of turned into a nightmare.
感觉这个梦想突然变成了一场噩梦。
And I didn't win the bike race.
我没有赢得自行车比赛。
Mike did.
迈克做到了。
Mike won.
迈克赢了。
Ian Dille Disbelief quickly turned to total rage.
伊恩·迪尔的难以置信很快就变成了彻底的愤怒。
I was so upset.
我很沮丧。
Remember riding up next to him, and hitting him on the back, and yelling something like, what the [BLEEP]?
记得骑到他旁边，拍打他的背，然后大喊类似“什么是[BLEEP]？”
First place takes home a jersey with stars and stripes, like Captain America.
第一名将获得一件带有星条旗的球衣，就像美国队长一样。
I watched them put Mike's medal on, and then they gave him a jersey.
我看着他们为迈克戴上奖牌，然后给了他一件球衣。
And then, traditionally, everybody raises their arms on the podium after the national anthem plays.
然后，按照传统，国歌奏响后，每个人都会在讲台上举起手臂。
And I was standing right next to Mike, and I didn't-- I wouldn't hold his hand.
我就站在迈克旁边，但我没有——我不会握住他的手。
I didn't raise my arm.
我没有举起手臂。
And that was like the photo of the race.
这就像比赛的照片。
Ian was not having it.
伊恩没有这样的感觉。
He immediately told the reporter what happened.
他立即向记者讲述了事情的经过。
He was like, Mike cheated.
他说，迈克作弊了。
He cheated.
他作弊了。
His side of the story was that there was no deal, that I was just confused.
他的说法是，没有达成协议，我只是感到困惑。
When he said, you can win this race, he was like, no, no, no, no. What I was saying was if we work together, if you stop attacking me, you can win.
当他说，你可以赢得这场比赛时，他说，不，不，不，不。我的意思是，如果我们共同努力，如果你停止攻击我，你就能赢。
Stop attacking me.
别再攻击我了。
Stop trying to get rid of me.
别再试图摆脱我了。
You can win if you just keep pulling, and don't let this group behind catch us.
只要你继续拉，别让后面的队伍追上我们，你就能赢。
As if to say, hey, man, you're doing well.
好像在说，嘿，伙计，你做得很好。
You keep it up, you might even win this thing.
只要你坚持下去，你甚至可能会赢得这件事。
I said you could win, not that I'd let you win.
我说你能赢，但不是说我会让你赢。
So life goes on.
所以生活还要继续。
Ian races professionally for a bit, but gets injured and becomes a journalist.
伊恩参加过一段时间的职业比赛，但受伤后成为一名记者。
Of course, he covers cycling.
当然，他也涵盖骑自行车。
Mike becomes an Olympian.
迈克成为一名奥运选手。
The whole time, they're sort of circling each other's orbits, but avoiding crossing paths.
自始至终，它们都在围绕彼此的轨道运行，但避免交叉路径。
And annoyingly, everyone in the racing world really likes Mike.
令人烦恼的是，赛车界的每个人都非常喜欢迈克。
He had this nickname as like Meatball, and he had a blog, and there was a lot of love for Meatball.
他有一个昵称，就像肉丸一样，他有一个博客，人们对肉丸很感兴趣。
And I was a little bit resentful about that.
我对此有点不满。
I always thought, they don't know the real Mike.
我一直想，他们不了解真正的迈克。
He's a cheater.
他是个骗子。
And he goes back on his word.
但他却食言了。
And I would tell people, or people would ask me about, what happened in that race?
我会告诉人们，或者人们会问我，那场比赛发生了什么？
And I'd be like, well, Mike's a cheater.
我会说，好吧，迈克是个骗子。
And they'd just be like, well, doesn't seem like something he would do.
他们只是会说，好吧，他似乎不会做这样的事。
And then I'd be like, no, you don't know.
然后我会说，不，你不知道。
People would sort of look at me sideways when I was like, I hate Mike Friedman.
当我说“我讨厌迈克·弗里德曼”时，人们会斜视我。
They'd be like, nobody hates Mike Friedman.
他们会说，没有人讨厌迈克·弗里德曼。
What are you talking about?
你在说什么？
That's like saying you hate Mr. Rogers, right?
这就像说你讨厌罗杰斯先生，对吧？
Yeah.
是的。
Yeah.
是的。
Jared Marcelle So as time passes, this race stays like a thorn in Ian's side.
Jared Marcelle 因此，随着时间的推移，这场比赛就像伊恩的眼中钉。
I realize saying that sounds like a high school football player talking about competing in the state title game, or whatever else.
我意识到这听起来就像一个高中橄榄球运动员谈论参加州冠军赛或其他什么。
And then I totally get how ridiculous and small that sounds as an adult.
然后我完全明白，作为一个成年人，这听起来是多么荒谬和渺小。
But it's weird.
但这很奇怪。
It's just weird how you cling to those things.
你怎么坚持这些东西真是奇怪。
Then one day, about 15 years later, Ian's covering a race in Colorado near where Mike lived.
大约 15 年后的一天，伊恩在迈克居住的科罗拉多州附近报道一场比赛。
He's on the tour bus hanging out.
他在旅游巴士上闲逛。
And then--
然后——
One of the guys on the bus was like, oh, I'm going to give Mike a call and see if he'll come to the start line and hang out with us on the bus before we start.
车上的一个人说，哦，我要给迈克打个电话，看看他是否会在出发前到起跑线来和我们一起在车上闲逛。
And Mike came onto the bus.
迈克上了公共汽车。
We didn't even look at each other, and then he left.
我们连看都没看一眼，他就走了。
And then when he came back, I was standing outside the bus.
然后当他回来时，我站在公共汽车外面。
And he had a tray of coffees, and he handed me one.
他有一盘咖啡，递给我一杯。
And I think he was just like, I just want to talk to you about that day.
我认为他就像是，我只是想和你谈谈那天的事情。
I think about that race all the time.
我一直在思考那场比赛。
And I was like, man, me too.
我当时想，伙计，我也是。
And I remember seeing his lower lip shaking, just shaking.
我记得看到他的下唇在颤抖，只是颤抖。
And that is Mike Friedman.
那就是迈克·弗里德曼。
That day on the bus, Mike didn't fully fess up and apologize.
那天在公共汽车上，迈克没有完全坦白并道歉。
For Mike, it's complicated.
对于迈克来说，这很复杂。
Here's how he remembers those final moments of the race.
以下是他对比赛最后时刻的回忆。
But I wasn't even thinking.
但我连想都没想。
I was just, man, we made this left-hand turn, and the finish line is right within sight, 250 meters.
我只是想，伙计，我们左转了，终点线就在眼前，250 米。
And before I knew it, I was sprinting.
在我意识到之前，我已经开始冲刺了。
Even going up to the line, I knew what I was doing was wrong, but I couldn't stop.
即使走到了排队的地方，我也知道自己做的是错的，但我无法停下来。
Do you know why you did what you did, or have a better understanding of why you did it?
你知道你为什么这么做，或者更好地理解你为什么这么做吗？
Well, I was 17 years old at the time.
嗯，当时我17岁。
So I just-- yeah.
所以我只是——是的。
I don't know.
我不知道。
It just is kind of one of those things that I don't have an answer.
这只是我没有答案的事情之一。
You know, I try my best, but I don't always do my best kind of thing.
你知道，我尽力了，但我并不总是能做到最好。
It wasn't preplanned.
这不是预先计划好的。
It wasn't done in a way to be nefarious.
这并不是以邪恶的方式完成的。
It wasn't, I'm going to tell this guy I'm going to do this and then sprint.
事实并非如此，我要告诉这个人我要这样做，然后冲刺。
It wasn't done in that way.
它不是那样做的。
It wasn't done that way at all.
根本不是那样做的。
That's it.
就是这样。
You know, that's it.
你知道，就是这样。
That's the only time I've ever cheated, ever, at a bicycle race, ever.
这是我唯一一次在自行车比赛中作弊。
He immediately regretted it.
他立刻就后悔了。
Jared Marcelle Did it change how you saw yourself as an athlete, as a competitor?
贾里德·马塞尔（Jared Marcelle）：这是否改变了你对自己作为一名运动员、一名竞争对手的看法？
It did change how I saw myself.
它确实改变了我对自己的看法。
This is just-- I don't have anything else like that, that I can definitively say affected me the way that this had.
这只是——我没有任何其他类似的事情，我可以肯定地说，这对我产生了如此大的影响。
That was the one thing that I knew that I had done wrong.
这是我知道自己做错的一件事。
It ate at him.
它吃了他。
He didn't race for two years.
他已经两年没有参加比赛了。
Mike didn't even tell anyone for a really long time.
迈克很长一段时间都没有告诉任何人。
Fessing up that he cheated would mean that he was just that-- a cheater, not a kid who lost himself for a minute in a race.
承认他作弊就意味着他就是一个作弊者，而不是一个在比赛中迷失一分钟的孩子。
Dude, I didn't admit that this happened until I was with someone that I wanted to marry.
伙计，直到我和一个我想结婚的人在一起之前我才承认这件事发生了。
And then there was one other person that I told while I was drunk, and he's my best friend.
然后我在喝醉的时候告诉了另外一个人，他是我最好的朋友。
It never met as much to anyone else as it did to him, but he couldn't let it go.
它对任何人来说从来没有像对他那样如此重要，但他无法放手。
He thought about it for years.
他思考了很多年。
After his cycling career was done, his life sort of tanked.
在他的自行车生涯结束后，他的生活陷入困境。
His marriage ended, hit bottom.
他的婚姻结束了，跌入谷底。
He was living in a camper on his friend's land when he realized he wanted to reach out to Ian, that he missed his opportunity on the bus a year back.
当他意识到自己想联系伊恩时，他住在朋友土地上的露营车里，一年前他错过了乘坐公共汽车的机会。
Here's Ian.
这是伊恩。
He was moving back to Colorado, and he was driving back.
他要搬回科罗拉多州，然后开车回来。
And he called me, and that's when he said, yeah, you're right.
他打电话给我，就在那时他说，是的，你是对的。
It was a deal.
这是一笔交易。
And I'm sorry that I crossed the finish line first, that I didn't hold up my end of the bargain.
我很抱歉我第一个冲过终点线，没有履行我的诺言。
Mike also wants to give Ian the jersey, the Captain America one.
迈克还想送给伊恩美国队长的球衣。
He'd stuffed it deep in a drawer all these years.
这些年来他一直把它塞在抽屉深处。
So they agreed to meet up.
于是他们同意见面。
He drives this really like revved-up-- I think it's a Jeep, or a pickup truck, or something.
他开起来真的很加速——我认为这是一辆吉普车，或者一辆皮卡车，或者什么的。
And you could hear it rumbling down the street, like rum-rum-rum-rum-rum.
你可以听到它在街上隆隆作响，就像朗姆酒-朗姆酒-朗姆酒-朗姆酒。
You could hear him pull up, and I was kind of nervous.
你可以听到他停下来的声音，我有点紧张。
And he came up, and he was holding the jersey, and he gave it to me right away.
他走过来，手里拿着球衣，立刻把它给了我。
He looked me in the eyes, and he said, sorry.
他看着我的眼睛，说，对不起。
And I said, thank you.
我说，谢谢。
He had talked about, like I think he had even called the governing body, and asked them if there's any way that the actual results could be changed.
他谈到，就像我认为他甚至给管理机构打电话，询问他们是否有任何方法可以改变实际结果。
And yeah.
是的。
He was just like, every effort to make it right.
他就像，尽一切努力使它正确。
I was just like, wow.
我当时就想，哇。
When does that ever happen in someone's life?
某人的生活中什么时候会发生这样的事？
I don't even know when I've ever done that, just made something that I did wrong right, decades later.
我什至不知道我什么时候做过这样的事，只是在几十年后做了一些我做错了的事情。
This event set off by a few words had just ballooned and ballooned in their heads for about 15 years, even though, in the grand scheme of things, this race didn't matter.
这场由几句话引发的事件在他们的脑海中不断地浮现了大约 15 年，尽管从长远来看，这场比赛并不重要。
It's not like it was the reason Mike made it, or the thing that ended Ian's career.
这并不是迈克成功的原因，也不是结束伊恩职业生涯的原因。
And fixing it took something that's so simple-- three words.
解决这个问题需要非常简单的事情——三个字。
You were right.
你是对的。
Jared Marcelle.
贾里德·马塞尔。
His reporting can be heard on the podcast Caught from WNYC.
他的报道可以在播客 Caught from WNYC 中听到。
Ian Dille, the racer who got cheated out of his victory, wrote about this in Bicycle Magazine.
被骗取胜利的赛车手伊恩·迪尔 (Ian Dille) 在《自行车杂志》上写到了这一点。
That's how we heard about the story.
我们就是这样听说这个故事的。
The other racer, Mike Friedman, now runs a non-profit teaching kids about bikes, called Pedaling Minds.
另一位赛车手迈克·弗里德曼 (Mike Friedman) 现在经营着一个名为“Pedaling Minds”的非盈利组织，向孩子们教授自行车知识。
Our program was produced today by Diane Wu.
我们今天的节目是由 Diane Wu 制作的。
The people who put our show together includes Ben Calhoun, Zoe Chace, Dana Chivvis, Sean Cole, Aviva DeKornfeld, Neil Drumming, Jarrett Floyd, Damien Graef, Miki Meek, Stowe Nelson, Katherine Raimando, Ben Feiglin, Nadia Reiman, Robyn Semien, Alissa Ship, Lilly Sullivan, Christopher Swetala, Matt Tierney, and Nancy Updike.
制作我们节目的人员包括 Ben Calhoun、Zoe Chace、Dana Chivvis、Sean Cole、Aviva DeKornfeld、Neil Drumming、Jarrett Floyd、Damien Graef、Miki Meek、Stowe Nelson、Katherine Raimando、Ben Feiglin、Nadia Reiman、Robyn Semien、Alissa Ship、Lilly Sullivan、Christopher Swetala、Matt Tierney 和 Nancy厄普代克。
Our managing editors are Susan Burton and David Kestenbaum.
我们的执行编辑是 Susan Burton 和 David Kestenbaum。
Special thanks to Dave Ptolemy Slocum, Chuck Long, Chris Bateman, David Goldenberg, Veronica Simmons, Astrid Lange, Brendan Copley, and Michelle Solomon.
特别感谢 Dave Ptolemy Slocum、Chuck Long、Chris Bateman、David Goldenberg、Veronica Simmons、Astrid Lange、Brendan Copley 和 Michelle Solomon。
Our website, thisamericanlife.org, where you can listen to our archive of over 600 episodes for absolutely free.
我们的网站 thisamericanlife.org，您可以在其中完全免费收听我们的 600 多集档案。
This American Life is delivered to public radio stations by PRX, the Public Radio Exchange.
《美国生活》由公共广播电台 PRX 向公共广播电台播出。
Thanks, as always, to our program's co-founder, Mr. Torey Malatia.
一如既往地感谢我们项目的联合创始人 Torey Malatia 先生。
You know, I called him earlier today.
你知道，我今天早些时候给他打过电话。
When I called him, I don't know, he was at the gym in the middle of his sprint intervals.
当我打电话给他时，我不知道，他正在健身房冲刺间歇期。
I mean, I can't really-- like, I mean, man, the timing of this.
我的意思是，我真的不能——我的意思是，伙计，这个时机。
Actually, real-life Torey just had back surgery this week.
事实上，现实生活中的托里本周刚刚接受了背部手术。
Feel better, OK?
感觉好多了，好吗？
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Back next week with more stories of This American Life.
下周我们将带来更多《美国生活》的故事。
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。