633: Our Town - Part Two - This American Life

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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #633 | December 15, 2017 633: Our Town - Part Two Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.

00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 633 集 | 2017 年 12 月 15 日 633：我们的小镇 - 第二部分 注：《美国生活》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。

If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.

如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。

Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.

文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。

Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.

请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。

Act One: Christmas Lights and Fender Benders Ira Glass Randy Amos was police chief in Albertville, Alabama, during years when lots of immigrants moved to town.

第一幕：圣诞彩灯和挡泥板弯曲装置 艾拉·格拉斯 兰迪·阿莫斯 (Ira Glass) 兰迪·阿莫斯 (Randy Amos) 担任阿拉巴马州阿尔贝维尔市的警察局长，当时许多移民搬到了该镇。

And people in town sometimes did not know what to make of them.

镇上的人们有时不知道如何看待它们。

I remember I would get calls from people saying, you've got to do something about these Mexicans next door.

我记得我会接到人们的电话说，你必须对隔壁的这些墨西哥人做点什么。

I'd say, well, what are these Mexicans doing?

我会说，这些墨西哥人在做什么？

And they said, well, they're devil worshipers.

他们说，好吧，他们是魔鬼崇拜者。

And I said, what do you mean they're devil worshippers?

我说，你说他们是魔鬼崇拜者是什么意思？

Well, they're over here killing goats.

嗯，他们在这里杀山羊。

And of course, they would hear the cry of a goat when the throat was being cut, which is a bad sound.

当然，他们会听到割喉时山羊的叫声，这是一种不好的声音。

I agree.

我同意。

But they eat the goat.

但他们吃山羊。

That was not a satanic ritual that they were going through.

他们正在经历的并不是撒旦的仪式。

And so we'd go back to the caller and explain to them, look, these people are not worshipping Satan.

所以我们会回到打电话的人那里并向他们解释，看，这些人并没有崇拜撒旦。

I'm sorry that you had to hear the goat cry.

很抱歉让你听到山羊的哭声。

But it's not violating any laws or ordinances that we have in existence here in Albertville, Alabama.

但这并不违反阿拉巴马州阿尔贝维尔现有的任何法律或条例。

Well, from WBEZ Chicago, it's This American Life.

嗯，来自 WBEZ 芝加哥，这是《This American Life》。

I'm Ira Glass.

我是艾拉·格拉斯。

This is our second episode about Albertville, Alabama.

这是我们关于阿拉巴马州阿尔贝维尔的第二集。

You don't need to have heard last week's show to understand this one.

您无需听过上周的节目即可理解这一节目。

But just in case you missed it, here's our premise, very quickly.

但以防万一您错过了，这是我们的前提，很快。

The current attorney general, Jeff Sessions, wants to limit immigration to our country.

现任司法部长杰夫塞申斯希望限制移民进入我国。

His views have been instrumental in shaping administration policy.

他的观点对制定政府政策发挥了重要作用。

And as we explained in last week's show, his perspective comes from what he saw as a senator from Alabama when undocumented immigrants moved into poultry plants and other jobs around the state into towns like Albertville.

正如我们在上周的节目中所解释的那样，他的观点来自于他作为阿拉巴马州参议员的看法，当时无证移民进入了该州的家禽加工厂和阿尔伯特维尔等城镇的其他工作岗位。

In just 20 years, Albertville went from being 98% white to more than 1/4 Latino.

在短短 20 年里，阿尔贝维尔从 98% 的白人人口变成了超过 1/4 的拉丁裔人口。

Basically, there were 15,000 people and then another 6,000 arrived, mostly for jobs in the town's chicken processing plants.

基本上，有 15,000 人，然后又有 6,000 人到达，主要是为了在镇上的鸡肉加工厂工作。

There's no official estimate of this, but the people who know the Latino community best say that more than half the Latino adults are living here illegally-- maybe a lot more than half.

对此没有官方估计，但最了解拉丁裔社区的人说，超过一半的拉丁裔成年人非法居住在这里——可能远远超过一半。

In the past, Jeff Sessions has mostly spoken about the effects of those immigrants on jobs and wages-- stuff that we talked about in last week's show.

过去，杰夫塞申斯主要谈论这些移民对就业和工资的影响——我们在上周的节目中谈到了这些内容。

Last week, we stayed inside the chicken plants.

上周，我们呆在养鸡场里。

But 6,000 new residents, non-white residents, in this little white town-- that also upended things outside the plants, to the point where Albertville became the statewide symbol in Alabama of everything that is wrong with immigration.

但在这个白人小镇里，有 6,000 名新居民，非白人居民，这也颠覆了工厂之外的一切，以至于阿尔贝维尔成为阿拉巴马州全州移民问题的象征。

At one point, one of the big national heavy hitters on the immigration issue, Kris Kobach, flew in and declared the city a disaster zone.

有一次，移民问题上的全国重要人物之一克里斯·科巴赫(Kris Kobach)飞来并宣布该市为灾区。

He wrote, quote, "I have been all over the country fighting this fight, and I have seen the damage done by illegal immigration in cities of every size.

他写道，“我在全国各地进行了这场斗争，我看到了非法移民在各个规模的城市造成的损害。

But Albertville is in a class by itself." He described a town of mobile home ghettos and a city budget, quote, "thoroughly drained by illegal immigration."

但阿尔贝维尔本身就是一个类别。”他描述了一个由移动房屋贫民窟组成的小镇，并引用了“因非法移民而彻底耗尽”的城市预算。

And the story of what really happened is so different from that.

而真实发生的故事却与此大不相同。

It's a mix of small local stuff in neighborhoods and in traffic-- traffic is actually a big deal-- and the local stuff sort of colliding with big national political forces that blew into town like a hurricane and reshaped how Albertville saw itself for a while-- but only for a while.

它是社区和交通中当地小事物的混合体——交通实际上是一件大事——以及当地事物与大型国家政治力量的碰撞，这些政治力量像飓风一样吹进城镇，并在一段时间内重塑了阿尔贝维尔对自己的看法——但只是暂时的。

And now, with the distance of a few years, it is actually possible to figure out the truth of what those 6,000 newcomers did to Albertville-- what they did to crime rates and schools and property values.

现在，时隔几年，我们实际上可以弄清楚这 6,000 名新移民对阿尔贝维尔做了什么——他们对犯罪率、学校和财产价值做了什么。

It's possible to say what having them in town really cost taxpayers.

可以说，让他们进城到底让纳税人付出了多少代价。

And we're going to get to all that today.

今天我们将讨论这一切。

My coworker, Miki Meek, and I have interviewed over 100 people for this.

我和我的同事 Miki Meek 为此采访了 100 多人。

Miki is co-hosting these two hours with me.

Miki 与我共同主持这两个小时。

Stay with us.

留在我们身边。

Act one-- Fender Benders and Christmas Lights.

第一幕——挡泥板弯道和圣诞彩灯。

So in the early years, back in the '90's, as people slowly realized that newcomers have arrived and there are lots of them, the problem with the newcomers isn't the stuff that you usually hear about when people talk about immigration.

所以在早年，早在90年代，当人们慢慢意识到新移民已经到来，而且人数很多时，新移民的问题并不是你通常在谈论移民时听到的问题。

It's not jobs or wages or the cost to taxpayers.

这不是工作、工资或纳税人的成本。

It's other stuff, neighbor to neighbor stuff, cars and yards and dead goats.

这是其他东西，邻居之间的东西，汽车、院子和死山羊。

The first immigrants to move to town were single Mexican men living together in trailer parks.

第一批搬进城里的移民是住在拖车公园里的单身墨西哥男子。

They weren't in the neighborhoods yet.

他们还没到小区。

So unless you worked at a poultry plant, your first meaningful encounter with one of the newcomers was probably in your car.

因此，除非您在家禽加工厂工作，否则您与新来者的第一次有意义的接触可能是在您的车里。

The number of hit-and-runs more than doubled in Albertville once immigrants moved to town.

一旦移民搬到阿尔贝维尔，肇事逃逸事件的数量就会增加一倍多。

And everyone we met seemed to have a story of someone in their family getting into a wreck or fender bender.

我们遇到的每个人似乎都有一个家里有人遭遇车祸或发生车祸的故事。

Again, here's Randy Amos, the police chief in Albertville back in the '90's, and Benny Womack, his successor.

兰迪·阿莫斯 (Randy Amos) 是 90 年代阿尔贝维尔市的警察局长，而本尼·沃马克 (Benny Womack) 是他的继任者。

First of all, they didn't drive very well and not familiar with the laws over here.

首先，他们开车不太好，也不熟悉这里的法律。

It put an extra load on our officers answering those calls.

这给我们接听这些电话的官员带来了额外的负担。

They would run a stop sign, run a red light, DUI.

他们会闯停车标志、闯红灯、酒后驾车。

They didn't have a driver's license, and they wouldn't have insurance.

他们没有驾驶执照，也没有保险。

And it was almost a common practice.

这几乎是一种常见的做法。

If they had a crash, and their vehicle was not disabled, they would run.

如果他们发生车祸，并且他们的车辆没有损坏，他们就会逃跑。

You know, you can understand that.

你知道，你可以理解这一点。

Because they were in here-- in the US-- illegally.

因为他们非法滞留在美国。

They didn't want to be in contact with law enforcement.

他们不想与执法部门接触。

I talked to a bunch of the guys who arrived in the early waves of Mexican workers about this.

我和一群早期抵达墨西哥的工人讨论了这个问题。

They said, yeah, it's true.

他们说，是的，这是真的。

Most of them didn't know what they were doing on the road.

他们中的大多数人都不知道自己在路上做什么。

Here's Claudio, who was in our first episode.

这是克劳迪奥，他出现在我们的第一集中。

He's speaking through an interpreter.

他正在通过翻译讲话。

He's like, I didn't know what that light was.

他说，我不知道那光是什么。

I didn't know what that line meant.

我不知道那行是什么意思。

[SPEAKING SPANISH] Interpreter No, they didn't know.

[说西班牙语] 翻译 不，他们不知道。

They would just, like, drive around, like, without doing absolutely anything, totally like idiots.

他们只是，就像，开车到处走，就像，什么都不做，完全像白痴一样。

[SPEAKING SPANISH] Interpreter You don't know what a stop was.

[说西班牙语] 口译员 您不知道什么是停靠点。

[SPEAKING SPANISH] Interpreter You don't know what speed limit was.

[西班牙语] 口译员 您不知道速度限制是多少。

Was that hard to figure out-- to learn all the rules?

学习所有规则很难理解吗？

Si.

斯。

Si.

斯。

Miki Meek They came from really rural places, where some of the guys told me they got around on a donkey or a horse.

米基·米克（Miki Meek） 他们来自真正的农村地区，其中一些人告诉我他们骑着驴或马出行。

They didn't drive cars.

他们不开车。

Of the dozens of people we talked to, one of the people with the most interesting and complicated perspectives on the conflict between the Latino newcomers and the white people in town is Jeannie Courington.

在我们采访的数十个人中，珍妮·库灵顿（Jeannie Courington）是对拉丁裔新移民与镇上白人之间的冲突有着最有趣和最复杂观点的人之一。

She was a city council member, a small business owner-- the kind of a town booster who opened the town's recycling center and then worked there for free for years just to get it off the ground.

她是市议会议员，也是一位小企业主，是那种小镇的支持者，她开设了镇上的回收中心，然后在那里免费工作了数年，只是为了让它起步。

And she was one of the locals who stood between the two communities as a go-between, explaining one side to the other.

她是站在两个社区之间充当中间人的当地人之一，向另一方解释这一方。

And when things eventually got pretty heated between the two sides, she was one of the main voices in Albertville urging tolerance and understanding, though she started with some of the same feelings that other people had.

当双方之间的事情最终变得相当激烈时，她是阿尔贝维尔敦促宽容和理解的主要声音之一，尽管她一开始也有一些与其他人相同的感受。

Back in the '90's, when Mexican workers were first arriving in Albertville, she owned and ran the town's travel agency on Main Street, which, in those pre-internet days, people would come in to book flights home to Mexico.

早在上世纪 90 年代，当墨西哥工人第一次抵达阿尔贝维尔时，她在主街拥有并经营该镇的一家旅行社，在互联网出现之前，人们会来这家旅行社预订返回墨西哥的航班。

And she is very frank when she talks about what that was like for her.

当她谈论她的感受时，她非常坦率。

I mean, I remember when they started coming in, because it was so-- it kind of made you nervous.

我的意思是，我记得他们开始进来的时候，因为它让你感到紧张。

They usually would come in multiples.

它们通常会成倍出现。

They didn't come alone.

他们并不是单独来的。

I guess they were as afraid of us as we were afraid of them.

我想他们害怕我们就像我们害怕他们一样。

And there was just three women in the office.

办公室里只有三名女性。

So it was kind of unnerving.

所以这有点令人不安。

Most of them kind of looked a little rough around the edges.

其中大多数的边缘看起来都有点粗糙。

[LAUGHS]

[笑]

It would be like if I was in a room with any minority.

这就好像我和少数族裔待在一个房间里一样。

I'm just not used to-- that's just not my everyday, you know-- you just always are a little concerned in everything.

我只是不习惯——那不是我的日常生活，你知道——你总是对每件事都有点关心。

Because it's the unknown.

因为那是未知数。

And the only thing you hear is the bad things.

你听到的唯一的就是不好的事情。

So it kind of unnerves you.

所以这会让你感到不安。

But she got used to being in a room with a minority.

但她已经习惯了和少数人呆在一个房间里。

And that feeling changed for her.

这种感觉对她来说发生了变化。

A lot of these early customers became regulars.

许多早期顾客成为了常客。

And when the first Latino businessman moved onto Main Street with a little grocery store onto her same block, they ended up checking in with each other almost every day.

当第一位拉丁裔商人搬到大街上并在同一个街区开一家小杂货店时，他们几乎每天都会互相联系。

This is him-- Jose Contreras.

这就是他——何塞·孔特雷拉斯。

Well, when I just have a chance, I can just go over there and just say hi and blah, blah, blah, and, you know, make some jokes.

好吧，当我有机会的时候，我可以去那里打个招呼，等等，等等，然后，你知道，开一些玩笑。

Jose is always making jokes.

何塞总是开玩笑。

It's his go-to move in lots of situations.

在很多情况下，这是他的首选动作。

He's from the Dominican Republic, then Florida and Georgia.

他来自多米尼加共和国，然后是佛罗里达州和乔治亚州。

He came to Albertville in the '90's, because he heard Mexicans were moving into town, and he saw an opportunity.

他在 90 年代来到阿尔贝维尔，因为他听说墨西哥人正在搬进城，他看到了机会。

Guys would line up in front of the store on payday, because he'd cash their checks.

发薪日，人们会在商店门前排队，因为他会兑现他们的支票。

And because he spoke English, and because he's this warm, friendly guy, he became the de facto community leader for Latino transplants.

因为他会说英语，而且因为他是个热情友好的人，所以他成为了拉丁裔移民事实上的社区领袖。

The person they'd go to for advice on how to navigate everything from housing to where to play soccer.

他们会向这个人寻求如何处理从住房到踢足球等一切问题的建议。

Jose loves sports.

何塞热爱运动。

He jokes that he and Jeannie bonded because they're both outsiders.

他开玩笑说，他和珍妮的关系之所以亲密，是因为他们都是局外人。

Because she's not born in Albertville.

因为她不是出生在阿尔贝维尔。

She was born in Crossville.

她出生在克罗斯维尔。

Just, like, 10 minutes away.

就好像，10分钟路程。

Jose Contreras Yeah.

何塞·孔特雷拉斯 是的。

Well, no, it's about 25 minutes away.

嗯，不，大约需要 25 分钟路程。

She said that you're definitely, like, the first Latino friend that she ever had.

她说你绝对是她有过的第一个拉丁裔朋友。

Yeah.

是的。

[LAUGHS] Yes.

[笑]是的。

I think so, yeah.

我想是的，是的。

Because she's a lady that-- she's in the-- I don't know what is the word that will come up to my mind.

因为她是一位女士——她在——我不知道我脑海中会浮现出什么词。

She's a high class lady.

她是一位高级女士。

She's more open-minded, because she has traveled.

她的思想更加开放，因为她旅行过。

Was she the white person in town who you knew the best?

她是镇上你最了解的白人吗？

Oh, yeah.

哦，是的。

She's the only one that I can trust.

她是我唯一可以信任的人。

[LAUGHS]

[笑]

Jose explained to Jeannie a whole other way to look at people who are living here illegally, and what they go through, debunking all sorts of stuff.

何塞向珍妮解释了一种完全不同的方式来看待非法居住在这里的人以及他们所经历的事情，揭穿了各种各样的事情。

And so she went off reading and researching on her own and found herself suddenly this translator to the white people in town.

于是她开始自己读书和研究，突然发现自己成了镇上白人的翻译。

Somehow it would just always come up.

不知怎的，它总是会出现。

It would come up about people being here illegal, and I would try to explain, well, our government makes it really hard for them to become legals.

会出现关于人们非法居留的问题，我会尝试解释，好吧，我们的政府让他们很难成为合法人士。

They have to go through so many steps.

他们必须经历很多步骤。

And I'd try to explain, even though they may be illegal, somehow they've got a social security number, and they're paying taxes.

我会尝试解释一下，尽管他们可能是非法的，但不知何故他们有社会安全号码，而且他们正在纳税。

I felt like I was always defending them.

我觉得我一直在捍卫他们。

I just felt like-- I don't know.

我只是觉得——我不知道。

I guess I just had a sense in my gut that they're here to stay.

我想我只是有一种直觉，他们会留下来。

By 1996 or '97, with so many hundreds of people moving to town, housing's tight.

到了 1996 年或 97 年，数百人搬进城里，住房紧张。

The workers start moving from the trailer parks into rental houses in the neighborhoods around town, lots of them packed into single family homes.

工人们开始从拖车停车场搬进城镇周边社区的出租房，其中很多人都挤进了单户住宅。

Some houses started moving their families up from Mexico.

一些家庭开始将家人从墨西哥搬到这里。

Quick picture of the town-- Albertville is nice.

阿尔贝维尔小镇的快速图片很漂亮。

There's a quaint little historic section in Main Street.

主街有一个古色古香的小历史街区。

The Tennessee River is nearby.

田纳西河就在附近。

It's pretty green.

它很绿。

There's a four-lane highway with all the regular strip mall stuff and fast food.

有一条四车道的高速公路，有所有常规的购物中心商品和快餐。

Most of the town is one-story houses with shutters, neatly mowed lawns, and little red flags for the high school band all over the place.

镇上大部分都是带百叶窗的单层房屋，修剪整齐的草坪，到处都挂着高中乐队的小红旗。

And for the locals, anything in the residential areas that deviated from that look was not so welcome.

对于当地人来说，住宅区中任何与这种外观不同的东西都不那么受欢迎。

And so after the traffic accidents, this becomes the next big deal in town.

因此，在交通事故之后，这成为镇上的下一件大事。

Jeannie gave us a driving tour and explained why this grated on people so much.

珍妮带我们驾车游览，并解释了为什么这让人们如此恼火。

If you look right here, just as an example, things like this would be what people would see and be very upset with.

如果你看这里，举个例子，人们会看到这样的事情并且感到非常不安。

And just describe this yard.

简单描述一下这个院子。

Jeannie Courington Well, you have a car parked right in the front yard.

珍妮·库林顿 好吧，你的车就停在前院。

You can see where they've destroyed the grass that's been on it because of all the traffic on it.

你可以看到他们因为交通堵塞而破坏了上面的草。

You see garbage cans sitting right in the front door, trash scattered on the yard.

你看到垃圾桶就放在前门，垃圾散落在院子里。

Here, you see this next house.

在这里，你看到了隔壁的房子。

You've got one, two, three, four, five, six cars sitting in it.

里面有一、二、三、四、五、六辆车。

Years ago, there'd be lots of people living in one house.

几年前，有很多人住在一所房子里。

There'd be noise.

会有噪音。

Landlords wouldn't keep up the property.

房东不会保留房产。

People moved in and out.

人们进进出出。

They were there to make money, not settling into the neighborhood.

他们来这里是为了赚钱，而不是在附近定居。

And these were people from the countryside in Mexico, where a perfectly kept front lawn was not a thing.

这些人来自墨西哥的乡村，在那里，完好无损的前草坪根本不值一提。

Residents were scared it would drive down property values.

居民担心这会压低房产价值。

But for Albertville, overall, with thousands of people moving to town in a limited amount of housing, property values went up, faster than for the state as a whole.

但对于阿尔贝维尔来说，总体而言，随着成千上万的人搬进城镇，居住在数量有限的住房中，房产价值的上涨速度快于整个州的上涨速度。

We drove by one house painted a bright lime green and another bright blue.

我们开车经过一栋漆成亮柠檬绿的房子，另一栋漆成亮蓝色的房子。

There were houses in town with Christmas lights year round.

镇上的房子一年四季都挂着圣诞彩灯。

Jeannie was like, that's just not what people here are used to.

珍妮说，这可不是这里的人所习惯的。

It's like, that's not our culture to do that.

就像，这不是我们这样做的文化。

But when non-white people move into a white neighborhood nearly anywhere, you'll hear this-- like, messy yards, too many people in one house, too many cars.

但是，当非白人搬进几乎任何地方的白人社区时，你都会听到这样的话——比如，院子乱七八糟，一所房子里有太多人，太多汽车。

They're noisy.

他们很吵。

There's loud music-- like, that kind of stuff.

有吵闹的音乐——诸如此类的东西。

And then often, that's code words for people just don't want non-white people moving in.

通常，这是人们不想让非白人搬进来的暗号。

That's true.

确实如此。

Yes, some of it is prejudice.

是的，有些是偏见。

You're going to look at the house and you think, I've got a wife and a five-year-old kid.

当你看着房子时，你会想，我有一个妻子和一个五岁的孩子。

That looks pretty trashy with all these cars there.

那里有这么多车，看起来很垃圾。

That doesn't look safe for my family while I'm going to work.

当我要去工作时，这对我的家人来说似乎不安全。

That's the prejudice part.

这就是偏见的部分。

Jeannie Courington That's the prejudice part.

珍妮·库林顿 这是偏见的一部分。

It's really easy to show up in any small town anywhere and look at how people react to change and decide that it all belongs in this bucket of prejudice.

很容易出现在任何地方的任何小镇，看看人们对变化的反应，并决定这一切都属于这种偏见。

But in Albertville, it was hard to parse out just how much was prejudice and how much was just people dealing with something new.

但在阿尔贝维尔，很难分析出有多少是偏见，有多少只是人们对待新事物的态度。

That was real, also.

那也是真实的。

And we'd get into these conversations where people would ask us to take that seriously.

我们会进行这些对话，人们会要求我们认真对待这一点。

Like, there really were more hit-and-runs.

就像，确实有更多的肇事逃逸事件。

Some streets really did look different than they used to.

有些街道看起来确实与以前不同了。

One guy who worked at the local paper, whose family had lived in town for generations, put it this way.

一位在当地报纸工作的人这样说，他的家人世代居住在城里。

For a place which hadn't seen much change, it was just a lot to take in in a very short period of time.

对于一个没有发生太大变化的地方来说，在很短的时间内发生了很多变化。

People look different, and paint their houses differently, and speak a different language, and it just seemed to come out of nowhere.

人们看起来不同，他们的房子漆成不同的，说着不同的语言，而这些似乎是凭空而来的。

People did not know how to deal with it.

人们不知道如何应对。

Immigration economist George Borjas named a book after this great quote about immigration.

移民经济学家乔治·博尔哈斯以这句有关移民的名言来命名一本书。

The quote's about immigrants arriving in the country.

这句话是关于抵达该国的移民的。

Somebody once said, we wanted workers, but we got people instead-- meaning real people, who had their own ways of life.

有人曾经说过，我们想要工人，但我们却得到了人——指的是真正的人，他们有自己的生活方式。

It might not match up with how people live in the new country.

它可能与人们在新国家的生活方式不符。

It's never easy.

这从来都不容易。

That's what happened in Albertville.

这就是阿尔贝维尔发生的事情。

The next thing people noticed totally plays into all sorts of ugly stereotypes.

人们注意到的接下来的事情完全陷入了各种丑陋的刻板印象。

People see Spanish names on the police blotter, which was printed in the local newspaper, the Sand Mountain Reporter.

人们在当地报纸《沙山记者报》上刊登的警方记事本上看到了西班牙名字。

These were usually write-ups about driving without a license, DUIs, public intoxication-- small stuff.

这些文章通常是关于无证驾驶、酒后驾车、公共场合醉酒等小事。

And then, years into all of this, people started seeing major crimes appear in the paper committed by Latino men around Albertville.

然后，在这一切发生多年后，人们开始看到报纸上出现了阿尔贝维尔周围拉丁裔男子犯下的重大罪行。

A man was shot and dismembered just outside of town.

一名男子在城外被枪杀并被肢解。

Five pounds of meth were seized in a drug raid.

在一次缉毒行动中缴获了五磅冰毒。

Five brothels were busted in the trailer parks around town.

镇上的拖车公园里有五家妓院被捣毁。

Chief of Police Benny Womack says brothels were something the town had never seen before.

警察局长本尼·沃马克表示，该镇以前从未见过妓院。

The Hispanic community was getting all the attention about crime and that sort of thing.

西班牙裔社区受到了所有关于犯罪之类的关注。

It becomes a big issue for the citizens.

这成为公民的一个大问题。

Immigrant crime, of course, is one of those big topics where liberals and conservatives square off with their arguments that are, at this point, very familiar to many of us.

当然，移民犯罪是自由派和保守派争论的重大话题之一，在这一点上，我们许多人都非常熟悉这些话题。

But liberals point out that most studies on immigrant crime show that people who immigrate to this country are less likely to commit crimes than native born Americans.

但自由派指出，大多数关于移民犯罪的研究表明，移民到这个国家的人比土生土长的美国人犯罪的可能性更小。

America Firsters say that even one crime committed by somebody who's not in the country illegally is a crime too many, and we shouldn't stand for it.

美国优先主义者说，即使是非非法居留者犯下的一项罪行也构成了严重的罪行，我们不应该袖手旁观。

That's the president's view, and he set up a federal office that documents these crimes.

这是总统的观点，他设立了一个联邦办公室来记录这些罪行。

So putting the rhetoric aside, how exactly did this play out in this one small town in Alabama?

那么，抛开言辞不谈，这件事在阿拉巴马州的这个小镇上到底是如何发生的呢？

Well, during the period when the immigrants arrived-- 1990 to 2010-- there was an explosion of all kinds of crime in town.

嗯，在移民到来期间——1990年至2010年——镇上各种犯罪活动激增。

The numbers are kind of stunning.

这些数字有点令人震惊。

Arrests for drug possession quintupled.

因持有毒品而被捕的人数增加了五倍。

Property crime rates more than tripled.

财产犯罪率增加了两倍多。

That's burglary, theft, and car theft.

这就是入室盗窃、盗窃和汽车盗窃。

Violent crimes almost quadrupled, though in the last few years, they've fallen back to where they started.

暴力犯罪几乎翻了两番，但在过去几年里，暴力犯罪又回到了最初的水平。

But I talked to John Siggers, who's the commander of the drug enforcement unit for the county Albertville is in-- Marshall County-- and was an Albertville police officer from 1997 to 2007, right in the middle of the period that we're talking about.

但我和约翰·西格斯谈过，他是阿尔贝维尔县（马歇尔县）缉毒部门的指挥官，他在 1997 年至 2007 年期间担任阿尔贝维尔警察，就在我们正在谈论的这段时期的中期。

And I asked him about all that extra crime.

我向他询问了所有这些额外的犯罪行为。

No. No. Absolutely not.

不，不，绝对不是。

Most of the meth possession cases are-- I would say-- 90-something percent Caucasian.

我想说，大多数持有冰毒的案例中 90% 左右都是白人。

And what about the property crime cases in town?

镇上的财产犯罪案件又如何呢？

That would be Caucasian.

那将是白人。

Ira Glass He explained these kinds of property crime rates are just a side effect of drug use and drug crime.

艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass）他解释说，这些财产犯罪率只是吸毒和毒品犯罪的副作用。

It's people stealing to feed their habits.

人们偷窃是为了养成自己的习惯。

You know, that happens, not just in Albertville, not just in Marshall County or Alabama, but all over the country.

你知道，这种情况不仅发生在阿尔贝维尔，不仅发生在马歇尔县或阿拉巴马州，而且发生在全国各地。

The way police describe it there was an epidemic of meth use around Albertville that started around the time the immigrants arrived.

据警方描述，阿尔贝维尔周围吸食冰毒的现象在移民抵达时就开始流行。

It was all over the country back then and unrelated to their arrival.

当时全国各地都这样，与他们的到来无关。

Around Albertville, there was mostly home-cooked meth.

阿尔贝维尔周围，大部分都是自制的冰毒。

But then state law made it difficult to get the ingredients for home-cooked meth, and the Mexican drug cartel stepped in using Albertville as a base to supply a swath of northern Alabama.

但后来州法律规定很难获得自制冰毒的原料，墨西哥贩毒集团介入，以阿尔贝维尔为基地，向阿拉巴马州北部的大片地区供应冰毒。

Sigger says today that every meth arrest they make they can trace back to Mexican distributors.

西格今天表示，他们逮捕的每一起冰毒都可以追溯到墨西哥经销商。

But Sigger says that if there were no Latino population in Albertville, there very well might be just as much drug and property crime in town, because the meth would just come in through Atlanta.

但西格说，如果阿尔贝维尔没有拉丁裔人口，镇上很可能也会出现同样多的毒品和财产犯罪，因为冰毒只会通过亚特兰大进入。

So whether the Hispanic population was here or not, Atlanta is still the hub.

因此，无论西班牙裔人口是否在这里，亚特兰大仍然是中心。

And we're located three hours from Atlanta.

我们距亚特兰大三小时车程。

The drugs would still come in here.

毒品仍然会进来。

So Albertville is in this strange situation where most of the immigrant residents are not involved in drug trafficking or organized crime.

因此，阿尔贝维尔处于这种奇怪的境地，大多数移民居民并没有参与贩毒或有组织犯罪。

The police say they actually tip them off about crimes.

警方表示，他们实际上向他们举报了犯罪行为。

And if the immigrants had never been to town, the amount of drug trafficking and crime really might not have been very different in Albertville.

如果移民从未进过城镇，那么阿尔贝维尔的贩毒和犯罪数量实际上可能不会有太大不同。

But that is not the conclusion people are drawing from what they read in the newspaper.

但这并不是人们从报纸上读到的内容得出的结论。

For the first decade and a half that Latino families were moving to Albertville, probably the best place to track how longtime residents were feeling about the changes was in the local paper, the Sand Mountain Reporter.

在拉丁裔家庭搬到阿尔贝维尔的头十五年里，追踪居民对这些变化的感受的最佳地方可能是当地报纸《沙山记者》。

They had letters to the editor in a column called "Speak Out," where any irate resident could call an answering machine and leave an anonymous message that would then get printed in the paper.

他们在名为“大声说出”的专栏中给编辑写了一封信，任何愤怒的居民都可以拨打答录机并留下匿名消息，然后该消息将被打印在报纸上。

People complained pretty much any time the city spent money on Latino residents.

每当这座城市为拉丁裔居民花钱时，人们都会抱怨不已。

And then an equal number of their neighbors would call the complainers "bigots" and tell them to go read their bibles, which didn't stop anyone.

然后，同样数量的邻居会称抱怨者为“偏执狂”，并告诉他们去读圣经，但这并没有阻止任何人。

It was like every week, every week.

就像每周，每周。

People were just like, get all these illegals out of here, taking the welfare and using it, taking our jobs, doing crime-- like every week, every week, every week.

人们就像是，把所有这些非法移民赶出这里，拿走福利并使用它，抢走我们的工作，犯罪——就像每周、每周、每周。

This is Ricky Ibarra, one of the first Latino graduates of Albertville High School, part of the generation of kids who grew up speaking English, and whose parents moved to town to work in the poultry plants.

这是瑞奇·伊瓦拉 (Ricky Ibarra)，他是阿尔贝维尔高中第一批拉丁裔毕业生之一，属于说英语长大的一代，他的父母搬到城里在家禽加工厂工作。

He says the older Latino people, they don't read the newspaper.

他说年长的拉丁裔美国人不看报纸。

But, like, the college students, high school students, we're more to what's going on, you know?

但是，就像大学生、高中生一样，我们更关注正在发生的事情，你知道吗？

So you would want to read it just to see what the atmosphere was.

所以你想读它只是为了看看气氛如何。

But it was bad because you read it-- or at least, to me-- I would read it and-- I mean, I used to work in companies where we were just surrounded.

但这很糟糕，因为你读它——或者至少对我来说——我会读它——我的意思是，我曾经在我们被包围的公司工作。

Sometimes I was the only Mexican there.

有时我是那里唯一的墨西哥人。

So it used to have me feeling like, I wonder if they're thinking the same thing, which-- I mean, that was bad, because some of the people I used to work with they were pretty good with me.

所以它曾经让我感觉，我想知道他们是否在想同样的事情，这——我的意思是，这很糟糕，因为我曾经共事的一些人对我非常好。

But it would just mess up the whole day.

但这只会让一整天都变得混乱。

Because you would see that early in the morning.

因为你一大早就会看到这一点。

And then it'd just have you thinking thoughts.

然后它只会让你思考。

Which brings us to act two, The March.

接下来我们进入第二幕，即进行曲。

In 2006, President Bush tries to get Congress to create a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants.

2006年，布什总统试图让国会为无证移民开辟一条获得公民身份的途径。

There's a wave of marches around the country in support of that.

全国各地掀起了支持这一活动的游行浪潮。

Good evening.

晚上好。

The issue of immigration stirs intense emotions.

移民问题激起了强烈的情绪。

And in recent weeks, Americans have seen those emotions on display.

最近几周，美国人已经看到了这些情绪的表现。

On the streets of major cities, crowds have rallied in support of those in our country illegally.

在各大城市的街道上，人群聚集起来支持那些在我国非法活动的人。

Ricky and a bunch of other Latino residents who had been living in town for a while and spoke English started talking about whether they should organize a march in Albertville for immigrants.

瑞奇和其他一群在城里生活了一段时间、会说英语的拉丁裔居民开始讨论是否应该在阿尔贝维尔为移民组织一次游行。

They tried to enlist Jose Contreras, the guy with the grocery store on Main Street, who they were buddies with.

他们试图招募何塞·孔特雷拉斯（Jose Contreras），他是主街杂货店的老板，也是他们的好友。

Here's Jose.

这是何塞。

I'd say, are you crazy?

我想说，你疯了吗？

You're going to be all in jail.

你们都会被关进监狱的。

[LAUGHS] And he said, why?

[笑]他说，为什么？

Why?

为什么？

I said, because you have to ask for permission.

我说，因为你必须征求许可。

Are you sure?

你确定吗？

I said, let me find out.

我说，让我查一下。

I can find out.

我能查出来。

And I called Jeannie.

我给珍妮打了电话。

Jeannie, of course, his friend on the city council who owned the travel agency.

当然，珍妮是他在市议会的朋友，也是旅行社的老板。

At this point, Albertville is around 20% Latino.

目前，阿尔贝维尔约有 20% 是拉丁裔。

The population has been growing for 15 years.

15年来人口一直在增长。

But there's been no official outreach from the city.

但该市尚未进行任何官方宣传。

There's no Latino resident on the city council.

市议会中没有拉丁裔居民。

So this was the back-channel way things would get done.

所以这就是完成事情的秘密渠道。

Jose would talk to Jeannie about things going on in the community.

何塞会和珍妮谈论社区中发生的事情。

Jeannie would take it to the people running the city.

珍妮会把它带给这座城市的管理者。

Jeannie Courington And so he brought it to my attention.

珍妮·库林顿 所以他引起了我的注意。

And then I went to the mayor and the city council president at that time.

然后我就去找了当时的市长和市议会主席。

And they kind of just laughed.

他们只是笑了。

And they didn't think it was-- nobody's going to show up.

他们认为没有人会出现。

So needless to say, everybody was a little bit shocked when there was about 5,000 people.

不用说，当人数达到5000人左右时，每个人都感到有点震惊。

5,000 marchers poured through the streets of Albertville, blocking off the lane of traffic.

5,000 名游行者涌入阿尔贝维尔的街道，封锁了交通车道。

White people were shocked.

白人感到震惊。

Latino people were shocked.

拉丁裔人民感到震惊。

The organizers were shocked.

主办方感到震惊。

Oh, yeah.

哦，是的。

We were laughing.

我们都在笑。

I was laughing.

我在笑。

We were like, I don't know what we did.

我们就像，我不知道我们做了什么。

Jeannie shared a snapshot she took of the crowd-- a long, calm procession.

珍妮分享了她拍摄的人群快照——一支漫长而平静的队伍。

All the people-- yes, they all wore white shirts.

所有的人——是的，他们都穿着白衬衫。

But they all-- if you notice that they all were carrying an American flag and talking about being-- I don't have my glasses on.

但他们所有人——如果你注意到他们都举着美国国旗并谈论自己——我没有戴眼镜。

So I can't read their sign there.

所以我看不到他们那里的标志。

So-- but--

所以——但是——

We love the USA.

我们爱美国。

Jeannie Courington Yes.

珍妮·库灵顿 是的。

The organizers told people not to bring Mexican flags.

组织者告诉人们不要携带墨西哥国旗。

People picked up litter along the route.

人们沿途捡起垃圾。

Jose and his friend Luis reimbursed the police department for their officers' overtime during the march.

何塞和他的朋友路易斯向警察局报销了警察在游行期间的加班费。

Again, here's Ricky.

再说一次，这是瑞奇。

It was actually the biggest crowd in Alabama, even bigger than Birmingham and Hunstville.

这实际上是阿拉巴马州最大的人群，甚至比伯明翰和亨斯特维尔还要多。

I mean, do you think this march-- do you think it freaked out some people in town to see in such--

我的意思是，你认为这次游行——你认为它吓坏了城里的一些人吗——

Oh, I think it did.

哦，我想是的。

I mean, I think that's what it did, really.

我的意思是，我认为这就是它所做的，真的。

Because they were more stunned.

因为他们更加震惊了。

I think it did freak the people out of the community.

我认为这确实把人们吓出了社区。

Again, Jeannie.

再说一遍，珍妮。

Jeannie Courington It was a shock.

珍妮·库林顿 这真是令人震惊。

I mean, it was like, holy cow, you know?

我的意思是，这就像，天啊，你知道吗？

I've never seen this many people-- you know, they'd see them around town but never in that massive a number.

我从来没有见过这么多人——你知道，他们会在城里看到他们，但从来没有见过这么多人。

It was just kind of hard for our town to kind of absorb.

我们的小镇有点难以吸收。

Yeah, kind of.

是的，有点。

And they were afraid they were going to take over their town.

他们担心他们会占领他们的城镇。

Well, I guess I felt like, at that time, it was a moment of history.

嗯，我想我当时感觉这是一个历史时刻。

And it is a historical moment.

这是一个历史性的时刻。

What does it represent?

它代表什么？

Change.

改变。

Ira Glass Coming up-- why some of the people in the march came to regret it.

艾拉·格拉斯 (Ira Glass) 即将登场——为什么游行中的一些人对此感到后悔。

That's in a minute on Chicago Public Radio when our program continues.

芝加哥公共广播电台稍后将继续我们的节目。

It's This American Life.

这就是美国生活。

I'm Ira Glass.

我是艾拉·格拉斯。

It's our second program about Albertville, Alabama, the town that went from nearly all white to more than 1/4 Latino in two decades.

这是我们关于阿拉巴马州阿尔贝维尔的第二个节目，这座小镇在二十年里从几乎全是白人变成了超过 1/4 的拉丁裔。

My co-host today is Miki Meek.

今天的共同主持人是米基·米克 (Miki Meek)。

We've arrived at act three of our program.

我们已经进入了计划的第三幕。

Act three-- Backlash.

第三幕——反弹。

So after the march, now that the locals had realized just how many Latino families had moved into town, a long period of backlash kicks off.

因此，游行结束后，当地人意识到有多少拉丁裔家庭搬进了城镇，开始了长期的强烈抵制。

At first, it's modest.

起初，它很谦虚。

The city council passes a few new ordinances and starts enforcing a few old ones, hoping to clean up the way things look around town.

市议会通过了一些新法令，并开始执行一些旧法令，希望能够改变城镇周围的面貌。

Oh, and by the way, if you want to hold a march, you now needed to apply 10 days in advance.

哦，对了，如果你想举行游行，现在需要提前10天申请。

They also tried to get the federal government to deport people.

他们还试图让联邦政府驱逐人员。

The police partner up with ICE-- Immigration and Customs Enforcement-- so that anytime they have someone in jail they suspect is undocumented, they call ICE.

警方与 ICE（移民和海关执法局）合作，只要他们怀疑有人入狱，他们就会致电 ICE。

In the first year, 300 people are turned over into ICE custody.

第一年，就有 300 人被移交给 ICE 监管。

And the city asks the feds to give Albertville police officers the power to do immigration arrests.

该市要求联邦政府赋予阿尔贝维尔警察逮捕移民的权力。

Police Chief Benny Womack said most people in town didn't understand that his officers couldn't enforce federal immigration law.

警察局长本尼·沃马克表示，镇上大多数人不明白他的警察无法执行联邦移民法。

You see, the citizens-- and probably still don't-- know why a police officer, a local police officer, can't do something about that problem.

你看，公民们——可能仍然不知道——为什么一名警察，一名当地警察，不能解决这个问题。

That's where I was getting flack.

这就是我受到批评的地方。

Why don't you do something?

你为什么不做点什么？

You're a cop.

你是一名警察。

And sometimes even if you explain it to them, they don't understand.

有时即使你向他们解释，他们也听不懂。

If Benny wanted his cops to make immigration arrests, they had to get special authorization and training under a federal program called 287(g).

如果本尼希望他的警察逮捕移民，他们必须根据名为 287(g) 的联邦计划获得特别授权和培训。

The city applied for it.

市政府提出了申请。

Their congressmen and their senator, Jeff Sessions, went to bat for them.

他们的国会议员和参议员杰夫塞申斯都为他们辩护。

A handful of officers did some training with ICE, and Benny kept requesting 287(g) authorization and a detention facility to hold immigration violators.

少数警官接受了 ICE 的一些培训，本尼不断请求 287(g) 授权和拘留设施来关押移民违规者。

But it all fell apart.

但这一切都崩溃了。

Federal priorities changed, and they never ended up getting the authorization they wanted.

联邦的优先事项发生了变化，但他们最终从未获得他们想要的授权。

While all of this was going on in town, this interesting thing happened.

当这一切都在城里发生的时候，一件有趣的事情发生了。

The anti-immigration forces on the national scene scored a huge victory against the president of the United States, President Bush, and a bipartisan group of senators.

全国反移民势力对美国总统布什和两党参议员团体取得了巨大胜利。

They killed off Bush's proposed path to legal status in 2007.

2007年，他们扼杀了布什提出的获得合法地位的途径。

And then, with the wind at their backs, they headed out into a period of energized experimentation in Arizona, Georgia, and in Alabama.

然后，他们乘风破浪，前往亚利桑那州、佐治亚州和阿拉巴马州进行充满活力的实验。

They started raising the flag on the issue around the state.

他们开始在全州范围内就这个问题举旗。

A conservative group called The Eagle Forum held public meetings in Mobile, Montgomery, Huntsville, Tuscaloosa, Birmingham.

一个名为“鹰论坛”的保守派团体在莫比尔、蒙哥马利、亨茨维尔、塔斯卡卢萨和伯明翰举行了公开会议。

State legislators sounded the alarm about how undocumented immigrants were a drain on taxpayers and how they drove down wages and stole jobs.

州立法者对无证移民如何消耗纳税人以及如何压低工资和抢走工作敲响了警钟。

Joe Hubbard was a state representative for Montgomery, a Democrat, who noticed how his Republican colleagues seemed to be strategizing from a new playbook.

乔·哈伯德是民主党蒙哥马利的州代表，他注意到他的共和党同事似乎正在根据新的剧本制定战略。

He says that before this--

他说在此之前——

Your state legislator was as local a politician as you got.

你们的州立法者是当地的政治家。

He was the guy that you talked to about schools.

他就是你和他谈论学校的那个人。

He was the guy that you talked to about funding for that road project you need.

他就是您与您谈论为您所需的道路项目提供资金的人。

I think that from 2004 to 2006-- and ultimately, in 2010-- you saw efforts by the Alabama Republican Party to nationalize local elections, and to talk about what's going on in DC, the Congressional Democrats, Nancy Pelosi, on and on.

我认为从 2004 年到 2006 年，以及最终的 2010 年，你看到了阿拉巴马州共和党努力将地方选举国有化，并谈论华盛顿特区、国会民主党、南希·佩洛西等正在发生的事情。

I think there was polling that showed immigration, which, heretofore, has been a national issue, could make for good state political fodder.

我认为民意调查显示，迄今为止，移民一直是一个全国性问题，可以成为良好的州政治素材。

The person leading the charge in Alabama was a Republican state senator, Scott Beason.

阿拉巴马州的带头人是共和党州参议员斯科特·比森。

As he stumped the state calling for action, he got accused of trying to rile up voters over something that was a non-problem in Alabama.

当他向州政府呼吁采取行动时，他被指控试图因一些在阿拉巴马州不存在问题的事情而激怒选民。

Alabama's not Arizona or Texas.

阿拉巴马州不是亚利桑那州或德克萨斯州。

They just didn't have that many immigrants, documented or undocumented.

他们只是没有那么多移民，无论是有证移民还是无证移民。

It was just 3% of the population.

这仅占总人口的3%。

Only a handful of states had fewer.

只有少数几个州的数量较少。

But Beason had an answer at the ready.

但比森已经准备好了答案。

And a lot of people said, let's don't deal with this issue, because we don't have a big population.

很多人说，我们不要处理这个问题，因为我们人口不多。

So why would you deal with it?

那么你为什么要处理它呢？

But what I looked out and saw was the states that did not deal with it decades ago eventually became paralyzed, because the population had grown so big businesses were addicted to the labor.

但我观察发现，几十年前没有处理好这个问题的州最终陷入了瘫痪，因为人口增长如此之大，大企业对劳动力上瘾了。

So we were trying to nip it in the bud.

所以我们试图将其消灭在萌芽状态。

And when you were going around, talking about this around the state, did you feel like it was popular?

当你在全州各地谈论这个问题时，你觉得它很受欢迎吗？

Did you feel like people were on your side?

你觉得人们站在你一边吗？

Oh, absolutely.

哦，绝对是。

Absolutely.

绝对地。

Ira Glass What was the polling like?

艾拉·格拉斯 (Ira Glass) 民意调查结果如何？

It was overwhelming.

这是压倒性的。

Miki Meek Beason's an environmental consultant turned Tea Party politician-- a chatty guy.

米基·米克·比森 (Miki Meek Beason) 是一位环境顾问，后来成为茶党政治家，也是一个健谈的人。

And his first big win was convincing the legislature to create a special commission, which he co-chaired-- the Alabama Patriotic Immigration Commission-- to hold hearings around the state on the issue.

他的第一个重大胜利是说服立法机关成立一个由他担任联合主席的特别委员会——阿拉巴马州爱国移民委员会——在全州各地就这个问题举行听证会。

Albertville inserts itself into this discussion more than any other city in the state of Alabama.

阿尔伯特维尔比阿拉巴马州的任何其他城市都更积极地参与这一讨论。

People were saying Albertville is a place you need to check out.

人们说阿尔贝维尔是一个你需要去看看的地方。

It just kind of bubbled to the top.

它只是有点冒泡到顶部。

Scott Beason says-- and there's no doubt it's true-- that the person who pushed Albertville to the top was a longtime Albertville resident named Teresa Ferguson.

斯科特·比森说——毫无疑问这是真的——将阿尔贝维尔推向顶峰的人是阿尔贝维尔的长期居民，名叫特雷莎·弗格森。

I know Teresa well.

我很了解特蕾莎。

Well, a lot of Republicans in the state know Teresa.

嗯，该州很多共和党人都认识特蕾莎。

And a lot of that is from her efforts of saying, hey, come look and see what is going on here.

这很大程度上来自于她努力说，嘿，来看看这里发生了什么。

I think she's a great lady.

我认为她是一位伟大的女士。

I would say one of her gifts is the ability to reach out to elected officials.

我想说她的天赋之一就是能够接触民选官员。

And I think she really cares about her community.

我认为她真的很关心她的社区。

And she's one of the nicest people I've ever met.

她是我见过的最好的人之一。

Now, there's a whole a cake.

现在，有一整块蛋糕了。

I mean, there's plenty more.

我的意思是，还有很多。

Thank you.

谢谢。

Of the dozens of interviews that we did in people's homes in Alabama, this was the only one that started with an Italian cream layer cake, served by our interviewee, Teresa Ferguson.

在我们在阿拉巴马州人们家中进行的数十次采访中，这是唯一一次以意大利奶油夹心蛋糕开始的采访，由我们的受访者特蕾莎·弗格森提供。

Teresa is in her 60s, runs a pearl jewelry business from her house-- one of her sons, a big political strategist.

特蕾莎（Teresa）60 多岁了，她的儿子是一位伟大的政治战略家，她在家里经营一家珍珠首饰公司。

And Teresa is so connected in the world of Alabama politics that during our interview, at a personal request, the state's current attorney general dropped by.

特蕾莎在阿拉巴马州政界的影响力如此之大，以至于在我们的采访中，应个人要求，该州现任总检察长顺便拜访了她。

Are you sure you don't want a piece of cake?

你确定你不想要一块蛋糕吗？

I'm great.

我很棒。

Thank you.

谢谢。

At a community event--

在一次社区活动中——

Teresa was on the stage with Donald Trump this year when he came to the state to endorse Luther Strange for Senate.

今年，当唐纳德·特朗普来到该州支持路德·斯特兰奇竞选参议员时，特蕾莎与他一起登台。

And she's known Jeff Sessions for years.

她认识杰夫塞申斯很多年了。

She first got to know him to get help with a family situation.

她最初认识他是为了寻求家庭问题的帮助。

Her daughter-in-law is Chinese, and was in China about to have a baby, having a hard time getting a visa.

她的儿媳妇是中国人，当时正准备在中国生孩子，却很难拿到签证。

And the process was just taking too long.

而且这个过程花费的时间太长了。

And she was introduced to Sessions when he was visiting a local hospital.

当塞申斯参观当地一家医院时，她被介绍给他。

And I told him-- I said-- as a joke-- I said, I probably should just fly her to Mexico and bring her in the back of a pickup truck.

我告诉他——我说——作为一个笑话——我说，我可能应该把她飞到墨西哥，然后把她放在一辆皮卡车的后座上。

That would be a lot easier.

那会容易得多。

That's the way everybody else does it.

其他人都是这样做的。

You know?

你知道？

And what did he say?

他说了什么？

Teresa Ferguson And he just kind of laughed and had this funny look on his face, I think.

特雷莎·弗格森 我想他只是笑了笑，脸上的表情很有趣。

She ran into him at other events.

她在其他活动中遇到了他。

She started telling him about all the problems in Albertville she felt were caused by undocumented immigrants.

她开始告诉他阿尔贝维尔的所有问题，她认为这些问题都是由无证移民造成的。

And he was just so nice to listen.

他非常乐意倾听。

I mean, he's just such a nice man, anyway-- just a precious person.

我的意思是，不管怎样，他是一个很好的人——一个很珍贵的人。

And he listened-- you know, because you have a couple of minutes to bend their ear a little.

他听了——你知道，因为你有几分钟的时间来倾听他们的耳朵。

And then after that, I guess after you talk to him a couple of times, there's my friend.

然后在那之后，我想在你和他交谈过几次之后，就有了我的朋友。

[LAUGHS]

[笑]

Teresa's beef with the undocumented immigrants in town was a mix of things, including the belief that they were costing the town money it just couldn't afford.

特蕾莎对镇上的无证移民的不满是多方面的，包括她认为他们花费了镇上根本无法承受的金钱。

You get labeled a racist if you just want to even discuss.

如果你只是想讨论，你就会被贴上种族主义者的标签。

It's that you're here, and it's against the law, and we're paying for you to be here.

就是你在这里，这是违法的，而我们为你付钱让你来这里。

You're not paying your taxes.

你没有缴税。

You're going to school free.

你可以免费上学。

We get into that later in the show.

我们稍后会在节目中讨论这个问题。

We asked an economist to run the numbers on that for us.

我们请一位经济学家帮我们计算一下这个数字。

Teresa talks about teacher friends of theirs-- her husband worked for the public schools before he retired-- who have to pick and choose what they buy at the grocery store.

特蕾莎谈到了他们的老师朋友——她的丈夫在退休前在公立学校工作——他们必须在杂货店挑选要买的东西。

And then they see Latino families in the cashier line with food stamps-- and I just want to say, I know they're not food stamps anymore, but that's what everybody in town calls them.

然后他们看到拉丁裔家庭拿着食品券在收银台排队——我只想说，我知道它们不再是食品券了，但镇上的每个人都这么称呼它们。

Kids who are born here can get them even if their parents are undocumented.

即使父母无证，在这里出生的孩子也可以获得这些证件。

The last time I went through the line, just as an example, the family did not speak English.

举个例子，我上次排队时，那家人不会说英语。

One child-- probably about 10-- they had several children-- spoke English-- very polite, very nice.

一个孩子——大概十岁左右——他们有几个孩子——会说英语——非常有礼貌，非常友善。

They finished with their groceries.

他们买完了杂货。

Cashier said, your groceries were, like, $93-- something like that.

收银员说，你的杂货大概是 93 美元——差不多。

That will be $2.69.

那将是 2.69 美元。

When you see that time and time and time again--

当你一次又一次看到那样的情景时——

When you see something like that-- people in the grocery store-- like, it's possible those kids are American citizens.

当你看到类似的东西时——杂货店里的人——就像，这些孩子可能是美国公民。

Well, they are.

嗯，他们是。

Because they have the WIC card.

因为他们有WIC卡。

The parents, probably, are not.

父母可能不是。

So do you feel like it's unfair if the kids are citizens?

那么你觉得如果孩子们成为公民，这不公平吗？

Nothing's ever fair.

没有什么是公平的。

That's not the deal.

事情不是这样的。

But you know, we can't take care of everybody.

但你知道，我们无法照顾所有人。

So you have to look to take care of the people in your own country first.

所以你必须首先照顾好自己国家的人民。

In 2008, the group that was organizing meetings about immigration around the state-- The Eagle Forum-- asked Teresa to organize one in Albertville.

2008年，正在全州组织移民问题会议的组织——鹰论坛——要求特蕾莎在阿尔贝维尔组织一场会议。

And she did.

她做到了。

The immigration debate took center stage at a town hall meeting in Marshall County tonight.

今晚在马歇尔县举行的市政厅会议上，移民辩论成为焦点。

WAFF 48's Trang Do joins us live in Albertville.

WAFF 48 的 Trang Do 加入我们在阿尔贝维尔的现场演出。

Trang, the scene got pretty heated.

Trang，场面相当激烈。

Emotions ran high at the two-hour meeting tonight.

今晚两个小时的会议上情绪高涨。

And many were eager to voice their opinions.

许多人急于表达自己的意见。

The meeting attracted more than 200 people on both sides of the immigration debate.

这次会议吸引了移民辩论双方的 200 多人参加。

I just remember standing in the door, greeting everybody as they would come in.

我只记得站在门口，向每个进来的人打招呼。

Thank you for coming!

谢谢您的光临！

It was popping at the seams that night-- mostly people I didn't know!

那天晚上，一切都非常热闹——大部分都是我不认识的人！

At the meeting, people weren't complaining like always about the local stuff-- about messy yards and uninsured drivers.

在会议上，人们并没有像往常一样抱怨当地的事情——杂乱的庭院和没有保险的司机。

Everybody agreed that they were part of a bigger story.

每个人都同意他们是一个更大故事的一部分。

This wasn't just Albertville's problem.

这不仅仅是阿尔贝维尔的问题。

It was Alabama's and the country's.

这是阿拉巴马州和整个国家的。

And for the first time, they got a glimpse that they could rise up and do something about it.

他们第一次意识到自己可以站起来并为此做点什么。

The 90-minute presentation explained how they could fight the problem at the local, state, and national levels, and how to pressure their representatives.

90 分钟的演讲解释了他们如何在地方、州和国家层面解决这个问题，以及如何向他们的代表施压。

Speakers urged them to support a new anti-immigration bill that was going to be coming up in the state capital.

发言人敦促他们支持即将在州首府提出的一项新的反移民法案。

And in the wake of that meeting, Teresa and a couple people start this group, Concerned Citizens, where they try to figure out what can be done next.

在那次会议之后，特蕾莎和几个人成立了这个名为“关心公民”的小组，他们试图找出下一步可以做什么。

It's not a big group-- maybe 10 to 12 regulars.

这不是一个大团体——大概有 10 到 12 名常客。

But two of them ended up running for office.

但其中两人最终竞选公职。

And they defined the city's new political climate.

他们定义了这座城市新的政治气候。

By the time the next election came around in Albertville, in the summer of 2008, immigration was the main thing everyone was talking about-- fueled by Concerned Citizens and a new statewide fervor over the issue.

到 2008 年夏天阿尔贝维尔举行下一次选举时，移民问题已成为每个人都在谈论的主要话题，而这一问题的推动者是“​​忧心忡忡的公民”和全州范围内对这一问题的新热情。

Their senator, Jeff Sessions, came to City Hall and talked to an overflow audience of mostly older white folks who fumed about the expense to taxpayers and 287(g), that program the police wanted that would let them enforce immigration laws.

他们的参议员杰夫·塞申斯 (Jeff Sessions) 来到市政厅，与一大群观众进行了交谈，其中大部分是老年白人，他们对纳税人和 287(g) 项目感到愤怒，警方希望该项目可以让他们执行移民法。

Sessions promised to follow up and get their officers trained.

塞申斯承诺跟进并培训他们的官员。

In the city council race that year, there was a lot of talk about how the city was at a critical juncture.

当年的市议会竞选中，有很多关于这座城市正处于关键时刻的讨论。

Jeannie Courington, the travel agent who found herself always explaining the Latino population to their white neighbors, was an incumbent on the city council back then.

珍妮·库林顿 (Jeannie Courington) 是一位旅行社代理人，她发现自己总是向白人邻居解释拉丁裔人口，当时她是市议会的现任议员。

And she ran for mayor to try to redirect the conversation away from confrontation.

她竞选市长试图将对话从对抗中转移出来。

At the candidate forum, she says, people demanded action.

她说，在候选人论坛上，人们要求采取行动。

You know, I think everybody thought that you could do something about it-- that you could, you know, control it.

你知道，我想每个人都认为你可以做点什么——你知道，你可以控制它。

And you know, we couldn't control that.

你知道，我们无法控制这一点。

We can't build a wall around Albertville.

我们不能在阿尔贝维尔周围修建围墙。

But those were some of the things.

但这些只是其中的一些事情。

I mean, they were just naive enough to think that-- I mean, that would be a direct question.

我的意思是，他们只是天真地认为——我的意思是，这将是一个直接的问题。

If you're elected mayor, what are you going to do about all these Hispanics or illegals in town?

如果您当选市长，您将如何处理镇上所有这些西班牙裔或非法移民？

What are you going to do, meaning to get rid of them.

你要做什么，意思是摆脱它们。

Yeah.

是的。

Uh-huh.

嗯嗯。

Exactly.

确切地。

Ira Glass And what would you say?

艾拉·格拉斯 你会说什么？

Well, they're here in our community, and I believe that they're here to stay.

好吧，他们就在我们的社区里，而且我相信他们会留下来。

We need to befriend them.

我们需要和他们交朋友。

It's not going to be the all-white, sweet little community we used to be.

它不会是我们过去那样的全白人、甜蜜的小社区。

And do you think that hurt you with voters?

你认为这会伤害你的选民吗？

I think so.

我想是的。

Ira Glass Her friend Jose told her that her strategy was all wrong if she wanted to win.

艾拉·格拉斯 (Ira Glass) 她的朋友何塞 (Jose) 告诉她，如果她想获胜，她的策略就完全错误。

Here's how she needed to talk about immigrants.

这就是她需要如何谈论移民的方式。

Kick them out.

把他们踢出去。

Tell them that you're going to kick them out each by each.

告诉他们你要把他们逐个踢出去。

Wait, you told Jeannie to just lie?

等等，你让珍妮撒谎？

Just say you're going to kick out all the immigrants?

就说你要赶走所有移民？

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

Yeah.

是的。

I said, go ahead and say a lie, because-- and she'd never say it.

我说，继续说谎吧，因为——而她永远不会说出来。

She never said it.

她从来没有说过。

She never said it.

她从来没有说过。

And that's why she lost.

这就是她失败的原因。

Jose Contreras And that's why she lost.

何塞·孔特雷拉斯 这就是她失败的原因。

Jose wasn't right about what the voters wanted.

何塞对于选民想要什么的看法是不正确的。

Most people in town turned out not to be as worked up as that.

镇上的大多数人并没有那么激动。

They did not pick a hard-liner.

他们没有选择强硬派。

They chose a pretty moderate mayor, Randy Amos.

他们选择了一位相当温和的市长兰迪·阿莫斯。

He's the police chief you heard at the top of the show explaining that killing a goat did not violate city law.

他是你在节目开头听到的警察局长，他解释说杀死山羊并不违反城市法律。

His views on immigration weren't that different from Jeannie's.

他对移民的看法与珍妮的并没有太大不同。

He got more than twice the votes of any other candidate.

他获得的选票是其他候选人的两倍多。

But in a stunning and unexpected turn of events, because of a fluke, the town went in a direction they did not choose.

但事情发生了令人震惊和意想不到的转变，因为一次侥幸，小镇走向了他们没有选择的方向。

Right after the vote, the city found out that someone in Randy's campaign had missed the deadline to file some campaign forms.

投票结束后，该市发现兰迪竞选团队中的某人错过了提交一些竞选表格的截止日期。

They couldn't certify him as the winner of the mayor's race.

他们无法证明他是市长竞选的获胜者。

Instead, Randy was put on the city council.

相反，兰迪被任命为市议会成员。

And for mayor, they appointed somebody who'd won a council seat who was a member of Teresa Ferguson's group, Concerned Citizens, who had vowed forceful and immediate action against undocumented immigrants, named Lindsey Lyons-- a business owner who runs the Arby's on the big highway through town.

至于市长，他们任命了一个赢得议会席位的人，他是特蕾莎·弗格森组织“关心公民”的成员，他发誓要立即对无证移民采取强有力的行动，这个人名叫林赛·莱昂斯——一位在穿过城镇的高速公路上经营阿比店的企业主。

Soon after he took office, he talked about his plans to tackle the way the city looked, schools, uninsured drivers--

上任后不久，他谈到了解决城市面貌、学校、未投保司机问题的计划——

The crime, the drugs, all the automobile accidents, and so forth.

犯罪、毒品、所有车祸等等。

This is an interview he did with Birmingham News.

这是他接受《伯明翰新闻》的采访。

For the most part, the majority of the people here are caring, loving people.

大多数情况下，这里的大多数人都是有爱心、有爱心的人。

But on the other hand, illegal is illegal.

但另一方面，违法就是违法。

And we have no choice but to enforce what laws we have and not just bend the rules because we're asked to bend the rules.

我们别无选择，只能执行我们现有的法律，而不仅仅是因为我们被要求改变规则而改变规则。

From the start, he and Randy Amos locked horns and pretty much never stopped fighting.

从一开始，他和兰迪·阿莫斯就针锋相对，几乎从未停止过争斗。

People picked sides.

人们选择了立场。

And Lyons sets the council on a divisive crusade targeting the Latino population.

里昂让委员会发起了一场针对拉丁裔人口的分裂运动。

They bar city contractors from hiring undocumented immigrants.

他们禁止城市承包商雇用无证移民。

They make English the official language of Albertville.

他们使英语成为阿尔贝维尔的官方语言。

They ban taco trucks, which leads to an uproar.

他们禁止墨西哥卷饼卡车，这引起了轩然大波。

200 people pack a town hall meeting.

市政厅会议有 200 人参加。

Not everything passes, like the proposal to force Latino businesses to translate their signs into English, or their proposal that would fine anyone who keeps their Christmas lights up past January 31st, or anyone who has indoor furniture on their porch outdoors, or broken vehicles on their lawn.

并非所有事情都能通过，比如强制拉美裔企业将招牌翻译成英文的提案，或者对任何在 1 月 31 日之后还亮着圣诞灯的人、或在户外门廊上放置室内家具、或在草坪上停放破损车辆的人进行罚款的提案。

And then one of the hard-liners on the council turned for help to the national anti-immigration heavyweight we quoted at the top of the show-- an innovator from the very cutting edge of the movement.

然后，委员会中的一位强硬派向我们在节目开头引用的全国反移民重量级人物寻求帮助——一位来自运动最前沿的创新者。

Albertville city officials are continuing their quest in curbing illegal immigration.

阿尔贝维尔市官员正在继续努力遏制非法移民。

So they've enlisted the help of a nationally recognized attorney, Kris Kobach.

因此，他们寻求了全国知名律师克里斯·科巴赫的帮助。

He is the man when it comes to illegal immigration issues.

他是解决非法移民问题的人。

Today, Kobach is an ally of President Trump's.

如今，科巴赫是特朗普总统的盟友。

He's the person who explained to Donald Trump how the US actually could make Mexico pay for a wall.

他向唐纳德·特朗普解释了美国如何让墨西哥支付修建隔离墙的费用。

He's the vice chair of the federal commission that the president set up to investigate voter fraud.

他是总统为调查选民欺诈而设立的联邦委员会的副主席。

But back in the 2000s, Kobach was traveling to cities around the country, helping them draft anti-immigration ordinances that tested the limits of what the law would allow.

但早在 2000 年代，科巴赫就曾前往全国各地的城市，帮助他们起草反移民条例，测试法律允许的限度。

They targeted landlords who rented to undocumented immigrants and employers who hired them, hoping to create an environment where they just could not get jobs or housing anymore.

他们的目标是向无证移民租房的房东和雇用他们的雇主，希望创造一个让他们无法再找到工作或住房的环境。

Then they make the rational decision-- hey, wait.

然后他们做出理性的决定——嘿，等等。

It's not worth it to be here anymore.

已经不值得再呆在这里了。

I'm going to leave.

我要离开了。

This is Kobach in an Eagle Forum meeting in Alabama around this time.

这是科巴赫，当时正在阿拉巴马州举行的鹰论坛会议上。

You don't have to round people up and bus them home.

你不必把人们围起来并用巴士送他们回家。

You give them incentives to go home by rationing down the probability that they will get a job.

你通过降低他们找到工作的可能性来激励他们回家。

I'd emailed him.

我给他发了电子邮件。

I don't know how I got his email address.

我不知道我是怎么得到他的电子邮件地址的。

It seemed like it was on a website or something.

看起来好像是在网站或其他东西上。

This is Chuck Ellis, the mayor's closest ally on the council, also a member of Teresa Ferguson's group, Concerned Citizens.

这是查克·埃利斯（Chuck Ellis），市长在议会中最亲密的盟友，也是特雷莎·弗格森（Teresa Ferguson）组织“关心公民”的成员。

And I told him who I was.

我告诉他我是谁。

And he said that he had read about that before in couple of places.

他说他之前在几个地方读过相关内容。

He wanted to know how he could help me.

他想知道如何帮助我。

I stood right over there behind that chair, and we chatted.

我就站在那把椅子后面，我们聊天。

And he said, hey, look, I'll come out.

他说，嘿，听着，我会出来的。

The proposal was to hire Kobach to help them write a law that would fine employers who knowingly hired undocumented immigrants.

该提案是聘请科巴赫帮助他们制定一项法律，对故意雇用无证移民的雇主处以罚款。

This plan died when one of the moderates on the council, Diane McClendon, called another city that used Kobach-- Valley Park, Missouri.

当委员会中的一位温和派黛安·麦克伦登 (Diane McClendon) 打电话给另一个使用科巴赫的城市——密苏里州山谷公园时，该计划宣告失败。

Kobach helped them write ordinances that targeted employers and landlords.

科巴赫帮助他们制定了针对雇主和房东的法令。

The city passed the ordinances and immediately got sued by civil rights groups for being discriminatory and unconstitutional.

该市通过了这些法令，并立即受到民权组织的起诉，称其具有歧视性和违宪性。

This mired them for years in expensive and fruitless litigation.

这使他们多年来陷入昂贵且徒劳的诉讼之中。

Diane talked to their lawyer.

黛安与他们的律师交谈。

And I asked him what came out of it.

我问他结果如何。

He said it cost millions-- the city-- millions.

他说这花费了数百万美元——整个城市——数百万美元。

And I said, would you recommend it?

我说，你会推荐吗？

He said, absolutely not.

他说，绝对不是。

He said, nothing is going to come of it.

他说，不会有任何结果。

And he said, I would not recommend it.

他说，我不会推荐它。

The council voted against hiring Kobach on a 3-2 vote.

委员会以 3 比 2 的投票结果反对聘用科巴赫。

But Kobach found someone else to work with-- state senator Scott Beason, the guy leading the statewide fight against undocumented immigrants, the guy who created that commission to investigate the problem.

但科巴赫找到了其他人可以合作——州参议员斯科特·比森(Scott Beason)，他领导了全州范围内打击无证移民的斗争，并成立了调查该问题的委员会。

In 2010, he and Kobach got their chance to do something major.

2010年，他和科巴赫得到了做大事的机会。

For the first time in over 100 years, Republicans swept both Alabama houses and the governorship, which suddenly made it possible to pass sweeping new legislation targeting immigrants.

一百多年来，共和党首次赢得了阿拉巴马州的众议院和州长职位，这突然使针对移民的全面新立法得以通过。

Kobach helped Beason draft it.

科巴赫帮助比森起草了它。

It was called HB 56, the Alabama Taxpayer and Citizen Protection Act.

它被称为 HB 56，阿拉巴马州纳税人和公民保护法。

And now to the crackdown on illegal immigration in Alabama.

现在谈谈阿拉巴马州打击非法移民的情况。

The state's new immigration law is considered one of the toughest in the country.

该州的新移民法被认为是该国最严厉的移民法之一。

So we came here to Albertville, Alabama.

所以我们来到了阿拉巴马州的阿尔贝维尔。

2011, Fox News.

2011 年，福克斯新闻。

Alabama's new law, HB 56, was groundbreaking-- the most extreme anti-immigration state law ever passed, intended to make life in Alabama so unpleasant that people would self-deport.

阿拉巴马州的新法律 HB 56 具有开创性，是有史以来通过的最极端的反移民州法律，旨在让阿拉巴马州的生活变得如此不愉快，以至于人们会自我驱逐出境。

To accomplish this, they'd made it a criminal act for citizens to have all kinds of transactions with people that they knew or should know were undocumented-- to rent them a home or harbor them or transport them.

为了实现这一目标，他们将公民与他们知道或应该知道没有证件的人进行各种交易——出租他们的房屋、窝藏他们或运送他们——定为犯罪行为。

It was illegal to give them a job.

给他们提供工作是违法的。

Most contracts with them were invalidated.

与他们签订的大多数合同都无效。

Some public utilities refused to provide gas, electricity, or water without proof of status.

一些公用事业公司在没有身份证明的情况下拒绝提供燃气、电力或水。

Schools had to find out the immigration status of new students and report that information to the state.

学校必须查明新生的移民身份，并将该信息报告给州政府。

Police could detain anybody they even suspected might be in the country illegally.

警方甚至可以拘留任何他们怀疑可能非法入境的人。

And to get the bill passed, Scott Beason says he definitely relied on Albertville.

斯科特·比森表示，为了让该法案获得通过，他绝对依赖阿尔贝维尔。

Albertville did make a difference by being able to take some legislators there.

阿尔贝维尔确实带来了一些变化，因为它能够吸引一些立法者到那里。

Because some people lived in places that weren't impacted by illegal immigration.

因为有些人居住在不受非法移民影响的地方。

And they were buying into this story that, oh, it's really not a big deal, and we really don't have a problem here.

他们相信这个故事，哦，这真的不是什么大不了的事，我们这里真的没有问题。

So it was more to show that, look, there are some towns who are being impacted by illegal immigration.

因此，更多的是要表明，看，有些城镇正在受到非法移民的影响。

So they could really see it.

所以他们真的可以看到它。

So it was a reality.

所以这是现实。

Teresa Ferguson organized tours of the worst problem spots-- she called it the show-and-tell-- for any politician who came to town.

特蕾莎·弗格森为任何来到该镇的政治家组织了问题最严重的地点的参观活动，她称之为“展示和讲述”。

State senators, three gubernatorial candidates, the attorney general, a member of Congress-- she had talking points on index cards that she carried around in her purse at all times.

州参议员、三名州长候选人、司法部长、国会议员——她的谈话要点都记录在她随身携带的索引卡上。

She drove me to some of the spots.

她开车带我去了一些景点。

But this is the trailer park I was telling you-- here in the back was a trailer used as a brothel.

但这是我告诉你的拖车公园——后面有一辆用作妓院的拖车。

We went to places there had been prostitution and drug busts.

我们去了卖淫和缉毒的地方。

I think this right here-- don't want to slow down very much.

我想就在这里——不想放慢太多。

But you see--

但你看——

She invited her own state senator, Hinton Mitchem, who had once lived in Albertville, out on the show-and-tell.

她邀请了曾经住在阿尔贝维尔的州参议员辛顿·米切姆（Hinton Mitchem）参加这次表演。

A police officer drove them around to see rundown trailer parks and places they'd made arrests.

一名警察开车带他们参观破旧的拖车停车场和他们逮捕的地方。

After half an hour, she says, the car returned.

她说，半小时后，车回来了。

And when they opened the door, Senator Mitchem looked like they had just beaten him with a stick.

当他们打开门时，米切姆参议员看起来就像他们刚刚用棍子打了他一样。

You know, he just was so sad.

你知道，他只是很伤心。

He said, I am so sorry.

他说，我很抱歉。

I did not know.

我不知道。

So after Albertville helped get HB 56 passed, once it went into effect, when reporters looked for a place to see it in action, Albertville was the place they went to.

因此，在阿尔贝维尔帮助 HB 56 通过后，一旦生效，当记者寻找一个地方观看它的实施时，阿尔贝维尔就是他们去了的地方。

Mayor Lindsey Lyons-- he was on Fox, CNN, NPR, and TV around the state.

林赛·莱昂斯市长——他出现在福克斯、CNN、NPR 和全州各地的电视台上。

He told the Sand Mountain Reporter, quote, "People may not realize that Albertville had a large impact on this bill.

他告诉《沙山记者》，“人们可能没有意识到阿尔贝维尔对这项法案产生了很大的影响。

Some of the ideas in the bill originated here in Albertville." Here he is being interviewed on NPR.

该法案中的一些想法起源于阿尔贝维尔。”他正在接受 NPR 的采访。

There's less traffic on our streets now.

现在我们街道上的交通少了。

There's less activity in the Hispanic-owned businesses that are here in Albertville.

阿尔贝维尔的西班牙裔企业的活动较少。

So we can tell a noticeable difference already.

所以我们已经可以看出明显的差异了。

Do you like what this has done to your town?

您喜欢这对您的城镇造成的影响吗？

I'll tell you why I support it, and why I'm grateful right now.

我会告诉你为什么我支持它，为什么我现在很感激。

We've got close to 4,000 people in Marshall County out of work.

马歇尔县已有近 4,000 人失业。

And one of our local poultry plants, Wayne Farms, just had a job fair recently.

我们当地的一家家禽加工厂韦恩农场最近刚刚举办了一场招聘会。

And we had hundreds of Americans apply for these jobs that, in the past, could not get the jobs, because they would hire the illegal workforce.

我们有数百名美国人申请这些工作，而在过去，他们无法获得这些工作，因为他们会雇用非法劳动力。

OK?

好的？

And that's what I'm proud of right now.

这就是我现在感到自豪的事情。

Lyons made this claim to lots of reporters.

莱昂斯向众多记者做出了这样的说法。

Tom Howell was head of HR at Wayne Farms in Albertville at the time.

汤姆·豪厄尔当时是阿尔贝维尔韦恩农场的人力资源主管。

And I have to admit that they shocked me.

我不得不承认他们让我震惊。

Because that's certainly not true.

因为这肯定不是真的。

It had no impact.

它没有影响。

Frank Singleton was and is the spokesperson for Wayne Farms.

弗兰克·辛格尔顿过去和现在都是韦恩农场的发言人。

He says they lost 17 out of 850 workers.

他说他们失去了 850 名工人中的 17 名。

There were not hundreds of local people who suddenly showed up and got jobs at Wayne Farms as a result of any of those bills.

由于这些法案中的任何一项，没有数百名当地人突然出现在韦恩农场并找到工作。

The real impact of HB 56 on Albertville was this.

HB 56对阿尔贝维尔的真正影响是这样的。

Some people moved away.

有些人搬走了。

A lot of people stayed home or stayed off the roads.

许多人呆在家里或远离道路。

One guy told us he gave people rides in the trunk of his car.

一个人告诉我们，他在他的汽车后备箱里载人。

Businesses that catered to Latino customers saw a big drop.

迎合拉丁裔客户的企业大幅下降。

And in just three days, the schools lost about 120 Latino kids out of 1,400, according to administrators.

据管理人员称，在短短三天内，学校的 1,400 名拉丁裔学生中约有 120 名失去了孩子。

It was all of a sudden-- you know, bing, bang, boom.

一切都突然发生——你知道，“叮”、“砰”、“轰”。

This is the person in charge of outreach to Latino families for the school district, Judit Gay.

这是学区拉丁裔家庭外展负责人朱迪特·盖伊 (Judit Gay)。

Oh, that was a terrible week.

哦，那真是糟糕的一周。

I would see their parents come in, crying, and the teachers crying, and withdraw the children.

我会看到他们的父母进来，哭着，老师们也哭着，然后把孩子们带走。

And we would just look at each other and hug, and they would cry.

我们只是互相看着对方并拥抱，他们就会哭泣。

And I mean, it was just a bad week.

我的意思是，这只是糟糕的一周。

To lots of longtime residents in Albertville, it seemed like their town was constantly on television during this period-- that any time anybody did a story about HB 56, they'd come to Albertville and talk about how terrible the town was-- how, before the law, undocumented immigrants had ruined the city, stealing jobs, bringing in crime, drugs.

对于阿尔贝维尔的许多长期居民来说，他们的小镇在这段时间里似乎一直在电视上出现——每当有人报道 HB 56 的故事时，他们都会来到阿尔贝维尔，谈论这个小镇有多么可怕——在法律面前，无证移民如何毁掉了这座城市，偷走了工作，带来了犯罪和毒品。

Nathan Broadhurst was one of the moderates on the city council.

内森·布罗德赫斯特是市议会的温和派之一。

It was all negative.

一切都是负面的。

I mean, every way we were being portrayed was negative.

我的意思是，我们被描绘的每一种方式都是负面的。

I think that was totally counterproductive.

我认为这完全适得其反。

It caused fear and distrust.

它引起了恐惧和不信任。

And it's hard to build a community on that type of thing.

在这种事情上建立一个社区是很困难的。

Act four-- The Numbers.

第四幕——数字。

So all the time in Albertville people would bring up the thing that's at the heart of the immigration issue for so many people.

因此，阿尔贝维尔的人们总是会提出对很多人来说移民问题的核心问题。

And that is-- the millions of people who are living in the country illegally, what's that cost taxpayers?

那就是——数百万非法居住在这个国家的人，纳税人花了多少钱？

Like, what's it cost them?

比如，他们付出了什么代价？

And one of the things we were excited to investigate when we went to Alabama was to figure out, what is the real answer to that for this one town?

当我们去阿拉巴马州时，我们兴奋地调查的一件事就是弄清楚，这个小镇的真正答案是什么？

Like, how much money was it?

比如，多少钱？

Well, there are different ways to estimate this.

嗯，有不同的方法来估计这一点。

And the National Academy of Sciences tried to convene as impartial and unbiased a look at the evidence as possible to come up with numbers for the whole country.

美国国家科学院试图尽可能公正、无偏见地审查证据，以得出全国的数据。

They assembled 18 economists and demographers and sociologists from varying points of view to figure out, what do immigrants cost taxpayers?

他们召集了 18 名经济学家、人口统计学家和社会学家，从不同的角度来研究移民给纳税人带来了什么损失？

They issued their report last year.

他们去年发布了报告。

Kim Rueben served on the NAS committee.

Kim Rueben 曾在 NAS 委员会任职。

She's an economist at the Tax Policy Center at the Urban Institute and helped me sort through the findings.

她是城市研究所税收政策中心的经济学家，帮助我整理了调查结果。

The 618-page report is dense with charts and tables.

这份 618 页的报告充满了图表和表格。

Rueben pointed out, if you're an undocumented worker in an Albertville poultry plant, you still have to present a social security number to get the job, and so you pretty much pay the same taxes as anybody.

鲁本指出，如果你是阿尔贝维尔一家家禽厂的无证工人，你仍然需要提供社会安全号码才能得到这份工作，所以你几乎和其他人缴纳同样的税。

So you are paying sales taxes on the things you buy.

因此，您需要为所购买的商品缴纳销售税。

You're paying property taxes, either if you own your home or through the rent you're paying to your landlord.

无论您拥有自己的房屋还是通过向房东支付的租金，您都需要缴纳财产税。

And depending on whether or not you're working with somebody else's documents, you're paying income taxes and social security taxes.

根据您是否使用他人的文件，您需要缴纳所得税和社会保障税。

You're just not receiving the benefits when you retire.

你只是在退休时得不到福利而已。

That money is a big bonus for the federal government.

这笔钱对联邦政府来说是一笔巨额奖金。

In 2010, for instance, the Social Security Administration estimates 13 billion went into the social security trust fund from undocumented workers.

例如，2010 年，社会保障管理局估计，无证工人向社会保障信托基金注入了 130 亿美元。

And only $1 billion was paid out to them.

并且只支付给他们 10 亿美元。

So again, an undocumented poultry worker in Albertville pays the same taxes as anybody and doesn't qualify for most government benefits.

同样，阿尔贝维尔的无证家禽工人与任何人缴纳的税款相同，并且没有资格享受大多数政府福利。

And what that means is that their biggest cost to government, Rueben says-- in fact, the one way they cost more than other people-- is schools.

鲁本说，这意味着他们给政府带来的最大成本——事实上，他们比其他人花费更多的成本之一——就是学校。

That's the big public service that they're using.

这就是他们正在使用的大型公共服务。

Because they often have more kids than non-immigrant populations.

因为他们通常比非移民人口有更多的孩子。

Contrary to whatever stereotypes are out there, it's not a lot more kids-- 3/4 of a child more per couple than non-immigrant families in Alabama.

与任何刻板印象相反，阿拉巴马州的孩子数量并不多——每对夫妇的孩子数量比非移民家庭多 3/4。

But what that means for school costs when you run the numbers-- and Kim Rueben and her colleague Erin Huffer dug into the data on Albertville school costs to do that for us-- is that non-Latino taxpayers in Albertville are paying $272 every year in local taxes to cover those extra kids that their immigrant neighbors are enrolling in the Albertville city school system.

但是，当你计算这些数字时，这对学校费用意味着什么——Kim Rueben 和她的同事 Erin Huffer 深入研究了阿尔贝维尔学校费用数据，为我们做这件事——阿尔贝维尔的非拉丁裔纳税人每年要缴纳 272 美元的地方税，以支付他们的移民邻居在阿尔贝维尔市学校系统入学的额外孩子。

Kim and Erin also researched food stamps for us.

金和艾琳还为我们研究了食品券。

That's the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program or SNAP.

这就是补充营养援助计划或 SNAP。

For all the complaints that we heard in Albertville about how, in the grocery store, you see Latina mothers using food stamps-- Teresa Ferguson, at one point, drove me to the big Foodland store so that I could witness this myself-- here are the facts on food stamps.

尽管我们在阿尔贝维尔听到了很多关于如何在杂货店里看到拉丁裔母亲使用食品券的抱怨——特蕾莎·弗格森（Teresa Ferguson）有一次开车送我去了一家大型 Foodland 商店，以便我亲眼目睹这一点——但以下是有关食品券的事实。

When Latino families moved into Albertville and the county that it's in-- Marshall County-- between 1990 and 2010, SNAP use did go up in Marshall County.

1990 年至 2010 年间，当拉丁裔家庭搬进阿尔贝维尔及其所在县马歇尔县时，马歇尔县的 SNAP 使用率确实有所增加。

Rueben says it doubled.

鲁本说它翻了一番。

From 8% to 16%.

从 8% 到 16%。

Ira Glass But in the rest of Alabama, where there are hardly any immigrants, it went up way faster and way higher.

艾拉·格拉斯 (Ira Glass) 但在阿拉巴马州的其他地区，几乎没有任何移民，这一数字的上升速度更快、更高。

From 11% to 26%.

从 11% 到 26%。

Ira Glass So having more immigrants in Marshall County correlated with lower food stamp use, not higher, and fewer taxpayer dollars spent.

Ira Glass 因此，马歇尔县移民越多，食品券的使用量就越低，而不是越高，纳税人的钱花得越少。

But these individual spending programs don't get you to the big picture.

但这些个人支出计划并不能帮助您了解全局。

And to get the big picture, I think that the most helpful chart in the huge National Academy of Sciences report is a table they call table 812.

为了了解全局，我认为美国国家科学院庞大的报告中最有用的图表是他们称之为表 812 的表格。

Table 812-- its premise is, it says, OK, a new immigrant arrives in America tomorrow.

表812——它的前提是，它说，好吧，明天有一个新移民到达美国。

What is everything that person is going to cost government at every level over the course of their entire lifetime, including what their kids costs and their grandkids?

这个人一生中各级政府要花费多少钱，包括他们的孩子和孙辈的花费？

And then what is everything they and their kids and their grandkids are going to pay in taxes over that same period?

那么他们以及他们的孩子和孙子们在同一时期内要缴纳的税款是多少？

So this chart looks at everything-- all federal, state, and local taxes, all federal, state, and local government services over a person's lifetime-- 75 years.

因此，这张图表涵盖了一个人一生（75 年）中的一切——所有联邦、州和地方税收，所有联邦、州和地方政府服务。

And what table 812 shows very clearly is that whether you get more from government or give more to government really depends on how educated you are.

表812非常清楚地表明，你是从政府获得更多还是向政府提供更多，实际上取决于你的受教育程度。

It shows that immigrants who have even a little bit of college pay in more than they take over the course of their lives.

它表明，即使只上过一点大学的移民，所付出的代价也比他们一生所承受的还要多。

But immigrants like the ones in Albertville's poultry plants, who mostly do not have high school educations, they are the costliest to government.

但像阿尔贝维尔家禽加工厂的移民这样的移民大多没有受过高中教育，他们对政府来说是成本最高的。

Even in the rosiest scenario in this table, they, and their kids, and their grandkids, cost the government money over the course of 75 years.

即使在这张表中最乐观的情况下，他们以及他们的孩子和孙子在 75 年的时间里也花费了政府的钱。

The author of this table-- this is a demographer named Gretchen Donehower-- did a calculation for us that specifically would apply to the undocumented population in Albertville-- that is, poultry plant workers who don't have a high school education and also don't have legit social security numbers.

该表的作者——一位名叫格雷琴·多尼豪威尔（Gretchen Donehower）的人口统计学家——为我们做了一项计算，专门适用于阿尔贝维尔的无证人口，即没有高中学历、也没有合法社会保障号码的家禽加工厂工人。

So they probably won't be collecting social security or Medicare in their old age.

因此，他们在老年时可能不会领取社会保障或医疗保险。

Those workers will cost the government $21,000.

这些工人将花费政府 21,000 美元。

So it's $21,000 over 75 years.

所以 75 年里是 21,000 美元。

That's what an undocumented immigrant in Albertville's chicken plants and their kids and grandkids cost federal, state, and local taxpayers over the course of the immigrant's entire life.

这就是阿尔贝维尔养鸡场的无证移民及其子孙在其一生中向联邦、州和当地纳税人支付的费用。

Of course, how you think about that $21,000 depends on your values.

当然，你如何看待这 21,000 美元取决于你的价值观。

Maybe you think that's worth it for the economic growth and whatever other contributions the immigrant and his family will make.

也许您认为这对于经济增长以及移民及其家人将做出的任何其他贡献是值得的。

Or maybe you don't.

或者也许你不知道。

But to put it that number in context, anyone in America who doesn't have a high school education is a net drain on government over the course of their lifetimes, on average.

但从具体情况来看，在美国，任何没有受过高中教育的人在其一生中都会对政府产生净消耗。

The NAS report includes data on this also.

NAS 报告也包含这方面的数据。

A native born American without a high school education will cost hundreds of thousands of dollars more than even a documented immigrant-- even somebody who collects old age benefits.

一个没有受过高中教育的土生土长的美国人，甚至比有证件的移民——甚至是领取老年福利的人——还要花费数十万美元。

If you didn't graduate high school, generally, you're just not earning enough to pay that much into the system.

一般来说，如果你没有高中毕业，你的收入不足以向系统支付那么多钱。

Act five-- Today.

第五幕——今天。

By 2012, just a year after the anti-immigrants state law HB 56 went into effect, everything in town reversed course-- all that anti-immigrant politicking.

到 2012 年，即反移民州法 HB 56 生效一年后，镇上的一切都发生了逆转——所有反移民政治活动。

HB 56 was gutted.

HB 56 已被摧毁。

Key portions were found unconstitutional by the courts.

法院认为关键部分违宪。

The immigrant families who moved away from Albertville-- most moved back.

离开阿尔贝维尔的移民家庭大多数又搬回来了。

In 2012, the mayor and the city council came up for election again.

2012年，再次选举市长和市议会。

And--

还有——

Albertville voters hit the reset button last night.

阿尔贝维尔选民昨晚按下了重置按钮。

Not a single person elected in 2008 was voted back into office.

2008 年当选的人中没有一人再次当选。

The mayor and four councilpeople-- all out.

市长和四名议员——全部出动。

The city council since then has not spent its time trying to figure out how to control or deport the town's Latino residents.

从那时起，市议会就没有花时间试图弄清楚如何控制或驱逐该镇的拉丁裔居民。

In fact, at their meetings, immigration doesn't come up.

事实上，在他们的会议上，并没有提到移民问题。

A councilman told us they consciously keep it off the table.

一位议员告诉我们，他们有意识地不讨论这个问题。

One sign of how things have changed is that the Trump administration is expanding the 287(g) program, which gives local police officers the power to do immigration enforcement, which Albertville sought for years.

事情发生变化的一个迹象是，特朗普政府正在扩大 287(g) 计划，该计划赋予当地警察进行移民执法的权力，而这正是阿尔贝维尔多年来所寻求的。

But they're not trying to get it anymore.

但他们不再试图得到它。

Benny Womack, who was police chief during the most divisive years, said something we heard from a few people.

在最分裂的几年里担任警察局长的本尼·沃马克（Benny Womack）说了一些我们从一些人那里听到的事情。

I would say during that time period that we've all talked about here was growing pains for the city in a lot of respects.

我想说的是，在那段时间里，我们都在这里谈论了这座城市在很多方面的成长烦恼。

The city was in culture shock.

这座城市正处于文化冲击之中。

I don't think it is so much anymore.

我认为不再是那么多了。

The current mayor told us the city is now following the example set by the Albertville schools.

现任市长告诉我们，该市正在效仿阿尔贝维尔学校的榜样。

And this is the single most surprising thing we found in Albertville-- was how the schools handled such a big population of immigrants.

这是我们在阿尔贝维尔发现的最令人惊讶的事情——学校如何处理如此大量的移民。

During the years the city council was picking fights with the city's Latino residents, right across the street, at the offices of the Albertville city schools, they were taking the exact opposite approach-- trying to integrate them into the community.

这些年来，市议会在街对面的阿尔贝维尔市学校办公室与该市的拉丁裔居民发生争执，但他们采取了完全相反的做法——试图让他们融入社区。

And they did an exceptionally competent job of it.

他们在这方面做得非常出色。

At the very beginning, in the early '90s, when they had just a handful of Latino students, they hired a person whose job was to advocate for them and to make sure the schools accommodated them.

一开始，在 90 年代初，当他们只有少数拉丁裔学生时，他们聘请了一个人，其工作是为他们辩护并确保学校容纳他们。

In 1996, the school started pre-K in one of the Latino trailer parks.

1996 年，学校在一个拉丁裔拖车公园开始了学前教育。

They got a grant for teachers to visit the parts of Mexico their students came from to see the conditions they were used to learning in.

他们获得了一笔资助，让教师可以参观学生所在的墨西哥地区，了解他们习惯的学习条件。

At one point, the schools made the dramatic and difficult choice to stop pulling Latino kids out of class for separate language and other instruction.

学校一度做出了戏剧性且艰难的选择，不再让拉丁裔孩子离开课堂接受单独的语言和其他教学。

It took three or four years to fully put that into effect and retrain the teachers to completely include the Latino kids in their lessons.

花了三四年的时间才完全实施这一计划，并重新培训教师，将拉丁裔孩子完全纳入他们的课程中。

Today, the student population is nearly half Latino.

如今，学生人数中近一半是拉丁裔。

And the Latino kids are integrated into the band, sports teams, activities, AP classes.

拉丁裔孩子们融入了乐队、运动队、活动和 AP 课程。

And we're going to take the arc sine of each of those to get the theta.

我们将取每一个的反正弦值来得到 theta。

This is a lab for AP physics.

这是 AP 物理实验室。

Four girls roll marbles down a slope and take measurements, three of them Latina.

四个女孩将弹珠滚下斜坡并进行测量，其中三个是拉丁裔。

Right now, Latino kids make up 43% of the high school and about 1/3 of the students in AP classes-- so not fully representative quite yet but getting there.

目前，拉丁裔孩子占高中学生的 43%，约占 AP 班学生的 1/3——所以还不能完全代表，但已经达到了这一点。

Our coworker, Lilly Sullivan, attended high school with pretty much the same demographics as Albertville High School, and she was always one of the few Latinas in honors classes.

我们的同事莉莉·沙利文 (Lilly Sullivan) 就读的高中与阿尔伯特维尔高中的人口统计数据几乎相同，她一直是荣誉班中为数不多的拉丁裔美国人之一。

And she visited five AP classes in Albertville, including this one.

她还参观了阿尔贝维尔的五门 AP 课程，其中包括这门课程。

And what she saw kind of blew her mind.

她所看到的让她大吃一惊。

Right, Lilly?

对吧，莉莉？

Yeah.

是的。

It was really great to see.

真是太棒了。

I just couldn't have imagined this.

我简直无法想象这一点。

This is Bessie Gaspar.

这是贝西·加斯帕。

She's a senior.

她是一名前辈。

She's 17.

她17岁了。

And she is in that lab group.

她是那个实验室组的成员。

She's pretty bookish-- glasses-wearing.

她很书生气——戴着眼镜。

And this is how she explains the social dynamic at school.

这就是她如何解释学校的社会动态。

Well, this is kind of like a small community.

嗯，这有点像一个小社区。

So everybody's grown up with each other and knows each other.

所以大家都是一起长大、互相认识的。

So there's nothing, like, really tense.

所以没有什么，真的很紧张。

Bessie's dad came to Albertville to work in a chicken plant.

贝西的父亲来到阿尔贝维尔，在一家养鸡厂工作。

So I know her mom's, like, migrant farmworker family.

所以我了解她妈妈的农民工家庭。

And so when I asked her-- you know, she's doing all these activities, and she's just rattling them off.

所以当我问她时——你知道，她正在做所有这些活动，而且她只是滔滔不绝地说出来。

Clubs-- like, I'm president of HOSA.

俱乐部——比如，我是 HOSA 的主席。

I'm the vice president of FBLA.

我是 FBLA 的副总裁。

(LAUGHING) I'm on the soccer team.

（笑）我是足球队的成员。

HOSA is Health Occupation Students of America.

HOSA 是美国健康职业学生协会。

And I was just like, how did you know how to do this?

我当时就想，你怎么知道该怎么做？

How did you know about these programs and stuff?

您是如何知道这些计划和东西的？

And then she just says, like, oh, well, I had this one teacher freshman year who pulled me into this club and another teacher pulled me into this club.

然后她只是说，哦，好吧，我一年级时有一位老师把我拉进了这个俱乐部，另一位老师把我拉进了这个俱乐部。

We had Mr. Bolding.

我们有博尔丁先生。

He knew my dream of becoming a neurosurgeon, because I had admired Dr. Benjamin Carson for his surgery on the conjoined twins.

他知道我成为一名神经外科医生的梦想，因为我很钦佩本杰明·卡森医生对连体双胞胎进行的手术。

And so he told me about HOSA.

所以他告诉我有关 HOSA 的事情。

And so I joined.

于是我就加入了。

And I was like, oh.

我当时想，哦。

There was no way she was going to slip through the cracks, you know?

她不可能从裂缝中溜走，你知道吗？

It was just obvious that, you know, she's a Latina, and her teachers still had really high expectations of her.

很明显，你知道，她是拉丁裔，她的老师对她仍然抱有很高的期望。

And they just expected her to do well.

他们只是希望她表现出色。

And so she did.

她也这么做了。

To be clear, the school has not eliminated the achievement gap between the Latino kids and the non-Latino kids.

需要明确的是，学校并没有消除拉丁裔孩子和非拉丁裔孩子之间的成绩差距。

When kids enter a school system not speaking much English, that's notoriously difficult.

当孩子们进入一个不太会说英语的学校系统时，这是出了名的困难。

And part of the gap is more about poverty than ethnicity.

差距的部分原因在于贫困，而不是种族。

But a statewide expert on testing in Alabama, Tom Spencer of the Public Affairs Research Council of Alabama in Birmingham, explained to me that Albertville's student population is one of the poorest in the state.

但阿拉巴马州的全州测试专家、伯明翰阿拉巴马州公共事务研究委员会的汤姆·斯宾塞向我解释说，阿尔贝维尔的学生群体是该州最贫困的学生之一。

But each year, a higher proportion of their kids meet state standards.

但每年，他们的孩子中有越来越多的人达到国家标准。

And when you put it in the context of poverty, they outscore where they'd be projected to score.

当你把它放在贫困的背景下时，他们的得分超出了他们的预期得分。

They're actually significantly exceeding.

他们实际上大大超过了。

And then when you get to the fact that they have a 95% graduation rate for Hispanics--

然后当你发现西班牙裔的毕业率达到 95% 时——

That's actually a higher rate than the white kids, who are only 92%.

这实际上比白人孩子的比例要高，白人孩子的比例只有 92%。

--they actually produced-- Albertville High School produced more Hispanic high school graduates than any other school in the state.

——他们实际上培养了——阿尔伯特维尔高中培养的西班牙裔高中毕业生比该州任何其他学校都多。

It says to me that they're doing something right up there-- that they're closing gaps, and they're doing something impressive.

这对我来说，他们正在做一些事情——他们正在缩小差距，他们正在做一些令人印象深刻的事情。

So in this town where things got really ugly and heated for a while, the schools were a countervailing force-- the one place where people actually got to know one another.

因此，在这个小镇上，事情一度变得非常丑陋和激烈，学校是一股抵消力量——这是人们真正相互了解的地方。

We met white parents who said their kids made friends, or they volunteered at the schools, and it changed how they viewed immigrants.

我们遇到了白人家长，他们说他们的孩子交了朋友，或者他们在学校做志愿者，这改变了他们对移民的看法。

As for their Latino neighbors, I talked to lots of them about what it feels like in town right now.

至于他们的拉丁裔邻居，我和他们中的很多人谈论了现在在城里的感受。

And mostly people said, I'm comfortable here.

大多数人都说，我在这里很舒服。

I made a life here.

我在这里谋生。

I like it.

我喜欢它。

People own homes, are settled into neighborhoods, have white friends.

人们拥有自己的房屋，定居在社区中，有白人朋友。

But that's not the same as feeling welcome, especially in the last two years, they say, with the rise of Donald Trump.

但这并不等同于感到受欢迎，尤其是在过去两年，随着唐纳德·特朗普的崛起。

Marshall County went for Donald Trump 83%-- and by the way, 71% for Roy Moore this week.

马歇尔县 83% 的人支持唐纳德·特朗普，顺便说一句，本周罗伊·摩尔的支持率为 71%。

Carlos, who was in our first episode, says you see it most at the store.

参加我们第一集的卡洛斯说，你在商店里最常看到它。

[SPEAKING SPANISH] Interpreter Not so much with the younger generation, because they've gotten used to growing up around us, but with the older generation-- they look at us in a bad kind of way.

[说西班牙语] 翻译 对于年轻一代来说不是这样，因为他们已经习惯了在我们身边长大，但是对于老一辈来说，他们以一种不好的方式看待我们。

As a school's migrant advocate, Judit Gay talks to lots of Latino families in town.

作为学校的移民倡导者，朱迪特·盖伊与镇上许多拉丁裔家庭进行了交谈。

And she summed up something I heard from a bunch of people.

她总结了我从一群人那里听到的一些东西。

She says they don't care about trying to win over anyone who doesn't want them here.

她说他们不在乎试图赢得任何不希望他们来这里的人。

Like saying, well, I got a job here, you know?

就像说，好吧，我在这里找到了一份工作，你知道吗？

I'm sorry.

对不起。

I got a job, and I'm going to do it until they want me here.

我找到了一份工作，我会一直做下去，直到他们需要我来这里。

Until they want me here?

直到他们想要我在这里？

Judit Gay That's what people used to say.

朱迪特·盖伊 人们过去常这么说。

Yes.

是的。

In the beginning of our first program on Albertville, we had this quote from State Senator Scott Beason, the guy behind HB 56.

在我们关于阿尔贝维尔的第一个节目开始时，我们引用了 HB 56 背后的州参议员斯科特·比森 (Scott Beason) 的话。

He said back in 2011, if you allow illegal immigration to continue in your area, you will destroy yourself eventually.

他早在2011年就说过，如果你允许非法移民继续在你的地区存在，你最终会毁掉自己。

If you don't believe illegal immigration will destroy our community, go check out parts of Alabama around Albertville.

如果您不相信非法移民会破坏我们的社区，请去看看阿拉巴马州阿尔贝维尔周围的部分地区。

But Albertville was not destroyed.

但阿尔贝维尔并没有被摧毁。

In fact, by lots of measures, it's thriving, with Hispanic businesses all over town.

事实上，从很多方面来看，它都在蓬勃发展，西班牙裔企业遍布全城。

Main Street's coming back, retail box stores moving in.

主街回归，零售商店进驻。

Local sales tax revenues are on the rise.

地方销售税收入正在增加。

They just spent millions building a beautiful new high school, and they're in the middle of spending more millions on a big rec center.

他们刚刚花费了数百万美元建造了一所美丽的新高中，并且正在花费更多数百万美元建造一个大型娱乐中心。

As we reported last week, immigrants did not take jobs from American workers, but, apparently, created lots of jobs.

正如我们上周报道的那样，移民并没有夺走美国工人的工作岗位，但显然创造了大量就业机会。

We asked Scott Beason about how it all worked out.

我们向斯科特·比森询问了这一切是如何进行的。

I'm glad that things are going well for them now.

我很高兴他们现在一切进展顺利。

But I still believe that you can't just allow unbridled illegal immigration into one little town or whatever, even though things have turned out pretty positive for Albertville so many years later.

但我仍然相信，你不能允许肆无忌惮的非法移民进入一个小镇或其他什么地方，尽管多年后阿尔贝维尔的情况变得相当积极。

What do you think the lesson of the town is?

您认为这座城市的教训是什么？

I think if we're going to learn anything, or I'd like something to be remembered about Albertville, it's that people in Alabama, people in Albertville, folks in the south-- they're good folks.

我想如果我们要学到什么，或者我希望人们记住阿尔贝维尔的一些东西，那就是阿拉巴马州的人们，阿尔贝维尔的人们，南方的人们——他们都是好人。

And even when they have issues with an influx of folks who are from different countries or whatever, eventually, over time, we're very welcoming.

即使他们对来自不同国家或其他国家的大量涌入的人有疑问，最终，随着时间的推移，我们也会非常欢迎。

But that would not make me want any other community to have to go through the same things that Albertville did just because 20 years later, well, it seems OK now.

但这不会让我希望任何其他社区也必须经历与阿尔贝维尔相同的事情，仅仅因为 20 年后，嗯，现在看起来还不错。

Talking to over 100 people in town, it's not true the town was welcoming.

与镇上 100 多人交谈后发现，小镇并不热情。

It's more like they fought it at every level-- in the city council, at the state level with HB 56.

更像是他们在各个层面上进行斗争——在市议会，在州一级，有 HB 56。

And they failed.

但他们失败了。

And only after they failed did they decide to take another path-- took a cue from the people who actually were welcoming-- the schools.

只有在失败之后，他们才决定走另一条路——从那些真正欢迎他们的人——学校那里得到了暗示。

The anti-immigration activist Kris Kobach has said that in the 2000s, Alabama was a laboratory for the rest of the country and a model.

反移民活动人士克里斯·科巴赫 (Kris Kobach) 表示，2000 年代，阿拉巴马州是全国其他地区的实验室和典范。

And while the crackdown he and Jeff Sessions and others tried to engineer in the poultry towns around the state didn't pan out, they all moved on to try again-- this time from Washington, DC.

尽管他和杰夫塞申斯以及其他人试图在该州各地的家禽城镇发起的打击行动没有成功，但他们都继续尝试——这次是从华盛顿特区开始。

The woman who used to bring politicians into Albertville, Teresa Ferguson, told us she stopped organizing in town long ago.

特蕾莎·弗格森（Teresa Ferguson）曾经将政客带入阿尔贝维尔，她告诉我们，她很久以前就不再在城里组织活动了。

It's not needed now.

现在不需要了。

Because, she said, their guy is in the White House.

因为，她说，他们的人在白宫。

She's counting on him, she told us, to set things right.

她告诉我们，她指望他来纠正事情。

[MARCHING BAND PLAYING] Ira Glass Ladies and gentlemen, the pride of Albertville, the Albertville High School Aggie band.

[行进乐队演奏] Ira Glass 女士们先生们，阿尔贝维尔的骄傲，阿尔贝维尔高中 Aggie 乐队。

They will be performing in the Rose Parade in California on New Year's Day.

他们将于元旦在加利福尼亚州的玫瑰花车游行中表演。

Today's program was produced and reported by Miki Meek, Lilly Sullivan, Diane Wu, and me.

今天的节目由 Miki Meek、Lilly Sullivan、Diane Wu 和我制作和报道。

Our interpreter was Gabriella Munoz.

我们的翻译是加布里埃拉·穆尼奥斯。

Original music by Marcus Thorne Bagala.

马库斯·索恩·巴加拉的原创音乐。

Our staff includes Susan Burton, Zoe Chace, Dana Chivvis, Sean Cole, Whitney Dangerfield, Neil Drumming, Stephanie Foo, Kimberly Henderson, David Kestenbaum, Jonathan Menjivar, BA Parker, Robyn Semien, Christopher Swetala, Matt Tierney, and Julie Whitaker.

我们的员工包括 Susan Burton、Zoe Chace、Dana Chivvis、Sean Cole、Whitney Dangerfield、Neil Drumming、Stephanie Foo、Kimberly Henderson、David Kestenbaum、Jonathan Menjivar、BA Parker、Robyn Semien、Christopher Swetala、Matt Tierney 和 Julie Whitaker。

Our senior producer is Brian Reed.

我们的高级制片人是布莱恩·里德。

Our website, ThisAmericanLife.org.

我们的网站 ThisAmericanLife.org。

This American Life is delivered to public radio stations by PRX, the Public Radio Exchange.

《美国生活》由公共广播电台 PRX 向公共广播电台播出。

Thanks, as always, to our program's co-founder, Mr. Tony Malatia.

一如既往地感谢我们项目的联合创始人托尼·马拉蒂亚先生。

You know, he just saw the new Fast and Furious movie-- was not into it at all.

你知道，他刚刚看了新的《速度与激情》电影——根本不感兴趣。

They would just, like, drive around, like, without knowing absolutely anything-- totally like idiots.

他们只是，就像，开车到处走，就像，什么都不知道——完全像白痴一样。

I'm Ira Glass.

我是艾拉·格拉斯。

Back next week with more stories of This American Life.

下周我们将带来更多《美国生活》的故事。

This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.

《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。