548: Cops See It Differently, Part Two - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #548 | February 13, 2015 548: Cops See It Differently, Part Two Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 548 集 | 2015 年 2 月 13 日 548：警察以不同的方式看待它，第二部分 注意：《美国生活》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.
如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue Ira Glass Hey there, everybody.
序言 Ira Glass 大家好。
If you're listening on our podcast or at the internet, there are words in this episode that we have unbeeped.
如果您正在收听我们的播客或互联网，则本集中的某些单词我们未发出提示音。
If you prefer a beeped version of the show, you could find that at our website, Thisamericanlife.org.
如果您喜欢该节目的嘟嘟声版本，可以在我们的网站 Thisamericanlife.org 上找到。
One of our producers here at This American Life, Robyn Semien, wanted to find a New York police officer to talk to for today's program.
《This American Life》的一位制片人罗宾·塞米恩 (Robyn Semien) 想为今天的节目找一位纽约警察交谈。
And she spent two weeks calling police union offices in different boroughs.
她花了两周时间给不同行政区的警察工会办公室打电话。
She reached out to crime reporters, you know, a lot of cops.
她联系了犯罪记者，你知道，还有很多警察。
Robyn used to work in a corrections facility in the Bronx, so she knows lots of cops.
罗宾曾经在布朗克斯的惩教所工作，所以她认识很多警察。
And finally she managed to convince one of them.
最后她成功说服了其中一位。
She convinced a friend on the NYPD to sit down with her.
她说服了纽约警察局的一位朋友与她坐下来。
And the climate for cops in New York right now is so embattled that this officer asked that we not use her name or her voice or say what neighborhood she works in.
目前纽约警察的气氛是如此紧张，这位警官要求我们不要使用她的名字或声音，也不要透露她在哪个社区工作。
We can say that she works in a high crime area with not many white people in it.
我们可以说她在犯罪率高的地区工作，那里白人不多。
And she and Robyn sat down to watch the Eric Garner video together.
她和罗宾坐下来一起观看埃里克·加纳的视频。
Robyn is black and not a cop.
罗宾是黑人，不是警察。
Her police officer friend is white and a cop.
她的警察朋友是白人，是一名警察。
Eric Garner, of course, was an unarmed black man who died when a group of NYPD tried to arrest him for allegedly selling loose cigarettes on the street in July.
当然，埃里克·加纳 (Eric Garner) 是一名手无寸铁的黑人，今年 7 月，他因涉嫌在街上出售散装香烟而被纽约警察局的一群人试图逮捕，但最终身亡。
And Robyn wanted to understand what a police officer sees when they watch the video.
罗宾想了解警察在观看视频时看到了什么。
Is this good policing, bad policing?
这是好警察还是坏警察？
Where does this go wrong?
这哪里出了问题？
What does Eric Garner do right?
埃里克·加纳做对了什么？
What does he do wrong?
他做错了什么？
Like, these kinds of questions, basic stuff--
就像这些类型的问题，基本的东西——
That's Robyn.
那是罗宾。
She says that she and her friend sat down in front of a computer, and they basically just walked through the video, stopping and starting and talking.
她说，她和她的朋友坐在电脑前，他们基本上只是浏览视频，停下来开始说话。
And her friend told her that at every step, right from the start, Eric Garner seems to be resisting arrest.
她的朋友告诉她，从一开始，埃里克·加纳的每一步似乎都在拒捕。
He is not compliant.
他不听话。
He does not produce an ID.
他没有出示身份证。
He keeps talking and stalling.
他不停地说话，又停顿。
Even once he's on the ground, there's this five or six seconds where he's laying on his right side.
即使他躺在地上，也会有五六秒钟的时间是右侧卧的。
Police go to cuff his left hand.
警察上前铐住了他的左手。
Meanwhile, his right arm is extended on the concrete, his right palm facing up.
与此同时，他的右臂伸在水泥地上，右手掌朝上。
His fingers are apart.
他的手指分开了。
Robyn showed this to me on the video.
罗宾在视频中向我展示了这一点。
Just watch his right hand.
只看他的右手。
It's face up.
是脸朝上的。
Put your hand behind your back, they say.
他们说，把手放在背后。
OK, and it's right at this moment where there's five police officers on him.
好吧，就在此时，有五名警察在追着他。
His hands are spread.
他的双手张开。
She's saying, why isn't he put-- she says to me over and over, why isn't he putting his hand behind his back?
她说，为什么他不把手放在背后——她一遍又一遍地对我说，为什么他不把手放在背后？
See, he's resisting.
你看，他在反抗。
At that moment, five officers on him, he's on the ground-- yeah, like, I don't see how he could put his hand behind his back if he wanted to.
在那一刻，五名警察对着他，他躺在地上——是的，就像，如果他愿意的话，我不知道他怎么能把手放在背后。
OK, play it again.
好的，再玩一次。
Robyn Semien Yeah, he's down on the ground.
Robyn Semien 是的，他倒在地上了。
He's crawling.
他在爬行。
His arm is pinned.
他的手臂被钉住了。
His right arm is pinned, and then they all pull his arm around and handcuff him.
他的右臂被钉住，然后他们就拉住他的手臂，给他戴上手铐。
So it's just that fast, OK.
所以就这么快，好吧。
Robyn Semien It's that fast.
Robyn Semien 就是这么快。
We watched it over and over.
我们一遍又一遍地观看。
She only saw it as him not complying, basically, wrestling and refusing to be arrested.
她只认为他不服从，基本上是摔跤并拒绝被捕。
And I can only ever see it, I mean, as the opposite.
我的意思是，我只能将其视为相反的情况。
I can only ever see it as, like, a person who seems thoroughly detained.
我只能将其视为一个似乎被彻底拘留的人。
Like, I'm thinking at this point, it's under control.
就像，我现在想，一切都在控制之中。
Why keep applying force?
为什么还要继续用力呢？
Robyn Semien And she's like, it's clearly not under control and there is more force to be applied.
Robyn Semien 她说，事情显然不受控制，需要施加更多的力量。
When Eric Garner says over and over, I can't breathe, Robyn sees a man who's dying.
当埃里克·加纳一遍又一遍地说“我无法呼吸”时，罗宾看到了一个正在死去的人。
Her friend does not.
她的朋友没有。
She tells Robyn people say that all the time when they're being arrested.
她告诉罗宾，人们在被捕时总是这么说。
They can't breathe.
他们无法呼吸。
You're hurting them.
你正在伤害他们。
It happens all the time.
这种事经常发生。
The officer totally understood why the police on the scene did not pay any attention to it.
这位警官完全明白为什么现场的警察没有理会这件事。
And does she understand why you see it the way you do?
她明白你为什么这么看吗？
No. Ira Glass She thinks that when you look at it, you should see it the way she sees it.
不。艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass）她认为当你看它时，你应该以她的方式看待它。
Yeah.
是的。
Ira Glass And did it make her mad that you couldn't see it?
艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass）：你看不到它，这会让她生气吗？
Yeah.
是的。
Yeah, it did.
是的，确实如此。
Ira Glass Because to her it's obvious.
艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass）：因为对她来说这是显而易见的。
Yeah, and that's a very weird feeling to be sitting next to someone-- anyone, let alone a friend-- and to be watching a video and saying, like, don't you see this person is in pain, struggling to communicate?
是的，坐在某人旁边是一种非常奇怪的感觉——任何人，更不用说朋友了——看着视频并说，就像，你没看到这个人很痛苦，难以沟通吗？
What's odd to me is that now, even after the fact, we know that he really couldn't breathe.
对我来说奇怪的是，现在，即使事后我们也知道他真的无法呼吸。
And she kind of wouldn't even totally cop to the fact that he was probably telling the truth as we watched the video.
当我们观看视频时，她甚至无法完全接受他可能说的是实话这一事实。
Robyn went into this conversation figuring they would have at least some common ground.
罗宾在进行这次谈话时认为他们至少会有一些共同点。
But they talked for four hours, and the longer they talked, the more they both realized there was just nothing, just none.
但他们聊了四个小时，聊得越久，他们就越意识到什么都没有，什么都没有。
Robyn's friend said she did understand why people saw this as a racial incident, but she definitely did not.
罗宾的朋友说，她确实理解为什么人们将这视为种族事件，但她绝对不明白。
When Robyn asked her what should be done now, she didn't think anything should be done.
当罗宾问她现在应该做什么时，她认为什么都不应该做。
We're doing a good job, she said.
我们做得很好，她说。
Other police have said this, too, and pointed out that New York in particular-- a city of 8.4 million people, 35 thousand officers, guns everywhere, everywhere in our country-- in the last year that's been tallied, 2013, New York officers fired their weapons just 40 times in adversarial conflict-- 40 times.
其他警察也说过这样的话，并指出，特别是纽约——一个拥有 840 万人口的城市，3.5 万名警察，枪支遍布全国各地——据统计，2013 年，纽约警察在对抗性冲突中仅开枪 40 次——40 次。
This is the second week in a row that we're doing a program about how cops see things differently, doing stories about policing and race.
这是我们连续第二周制作一个关于警察如何以不同的方式看待事物的节目，制作有关警务和种族的故事。
And we have two stories for you today.
今天我们有两个故事给你听。
One of them is about a city where things went just terribly between police and black residents.
其中之一是关于一座城市，警察和黑人居民之间的关系非常糟糕。
And the other story is about a place that is the opposite, where they seem to be going kind of great, or anyway, things have improved dramatically.
另一个故事是关于一个相反的地方，那里的情况似乎进展顺利，或者无论如何，情况已经有了显着改善。
And we chose these stories because in both of them, we learned things that we had not heard before anywhere about how much can go wrong, and how it goes wrong when it goes wrong, and about just how rigorous and aggressive and smart police have to be if they want things to go well.
我们之所以选择这些故事，是因为在这两个故事中，我们学到了以前在任何地方都没有听说过的东西，比如可能会出错多少，出错时如何出错，以及如果警察想让事情顺利进行，他们必须多么严格、积极和聪明。
From WBEZ Chicago, it's This American Life.
来自芝加哥 WBEZ 的《This American Life》。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Stay with us.
留在我们身边。
Act One, Inconvenience Store.
第一幕，不便商店。
So the community where policing went so badly is called Miami Gardens.
因此，治安如此糟糕的社区被称为迈阿密花园。
It's a city of about 110,000 people with a lot of crime, a higher murder rate than Chicago or New York or Miami.
这是一座拥有约 11 万人口的城市，犯罪率很高，谋杀率比芝加哥、纽约或迈阿密还要高。
In fact, it used to be part of Miami-Dade County and broke off in 2003.
事实上，它曾经是迈阿密戴德县的一部分，并于 2003 年脱离。
It became a separate city, started their own police force after that, partly because the Miami-Dade cops hadn't been so responsive to the community.
它成为一个独立的城市，此后成立了自己的警察部队，部分原因是迈阿密戴德警察对社区的反应不那么灵敏。
And at first, apparently, people loved the new cops.
显然，一开始人们很喜欢新警察。
Miami Gardens is an overwhelmingly black community.
迈阿密花园是一个以黑人为主的社区。
Its leaders are black.
它的领导人是黑人。
They had a black police chief.
他们有一位黑人警察局长。
Residents called the new cops the bumblebees because they seemed to be swarming everywhere and people liked that.
居民们称新警察为“大黄蜂”，因为它们似乎到处都蜂拥而至，人们喜欢这样。
And, really, it just took a couple years for it to become a total mess, as you'll hear.
事实上，正如您所听到的，只花了几年时间，它就变得一团糟。
And the best illustration of how bad it got happened to two men-- the owner of a convenience store called the Quickstop and one of his employees.
最能说明事情有多糟糕的例子发生在两个人身上——一家名为 Quickstop 的便利店的老板和他的一名员工。
Miki Meek tells the story.
米基·米克讲述了这个故事。
The Quickstop in Miami Gardens is a hangout spot in the poorer part of the city.
迈阿密花园的 Quickstop 是该市较贫困地区的一个聚会场所。
There's a big parking lot, where groups of men sit on their cars listening to music and smoking cigarettes.
有一个很大的停车场，一群群男人坐在车上听音乐、抽烟。
A constant stream of customers keeps the front door swinging back and forth.
源源不断的顾客让前门来回摆动。
They're stopping in to pick up a bag of chips, some candy, a few beers.
他们停下来买一袋薯片、一些糖果和几瓶啤酒。
When I first showed up, it seemed pretty rough.
当我第一次出现时，看起来很粗糙。
Some of the regulars clearly had mental health problems.
一些常客显然有心理健康问题。
There's been a lot of drug arrests in the parking lot.
停车场内逮捕了很多贩毒者。
And back in 2008, right after the city launched its new police department, officers stopped by and they talked to the owner of the Quickstop, a guy named Alex Saleh.
早在 2008 年，就在该市成立新的警察局后，警察们顺便拜访了 Quickstop 的老板，一个名叫亚历克斯·萨利赫 (Alex Saleh) 的人。
They asked him if he wanted to partner with the police in a new initiative called The Zero-Tolerance Zone Trespassing Program.
他们问他是否愿意与警方合作开展一项名为“零容忍区侵入计划”的新计划。
You know what, why not?
你知道吗，为什么不呢？
I'm pro-police.
我是支持警察的。
I'm pro-cop.
我是亲警察。
Alex says he never had any problems inside his store.
亚历克斯说他的店里从来没有遇到过任何问题。
But under the program, the police would keep an extra eye on the Quickstop and on the parking lot, and if they thought something was up, they wouldn't have to wait for Alex to phone in a complaint.
但根据该计划，警方将额外关注 Quickstop 和停车场，如果他们认为有问题，他们不必等待亚历克斯打电话投诉。
They could stop and question or apprehend someone if they felt they had cause.
如果他们认为有理由，他们可以停下来询问或逮捕某人。
So Alex thought--
所以亚历克斯想——
We're going to work together, fight crime together.
我们将共同努力，共同打击犯罪。
He said, you see the new police department.
他说，你看新的警察局。
You're going to be able to build, you know, a great relation with the officers.
你知道，你将能够与军官们建立良好的关系。
You know, this sounds great.
你知道，这听起来很棒。
Alex screwed a metal sign onto the front of his store, declaring it a zero-tolerance zone.
亚历克斯在他的商店前面钉了一个金属标牌，宣布这里是零容忍区。
He liked how official it looked with the city seal.
他喜欢带有城市印章的正式外观。
He felt proud, but then after just a couple weeks, something odd started happening.
他感到很自豪，但几周后，奇怪的事情开始发生。
Cops start coming to the parking lot almost every other day.
警察几乎每隔一天就会来到停车场。
They used to go inside the store and tell the customer while they're paying in the line, excuse me.
他们过去常常走进商店，在排队付款时告诉顾客，对不起。
You, you, and you, come outside.
你，你，还有你，出来吧。
I was like, outside?
我当时想，在外面？
Alex says he'd be standing right there in the store, right behind the counter, and officers would ignore him and tell his customers to put down their things.
亚历克斯说，他会站在商店柜台后面，警察会无视他并告诉他的顾客放下东西。
Then they'd take the customers outside and line them up against the wall.
然后他们会把顾客带到外面，让他们靠墙排成一排。
The customers were always black.
顾客总是黑人。
The officers were almost always white.
军官几乎都是白人。
Sometimes you'd see, like, 10 people against the wall, searching everyone.
有时你会看到，比如，10个人靠在墙上，搜查每个人。
But I'm confused.
但我很困惑。
Did those guys commit a crime?
那些人有犯罪吗？
Did those guys really do something?
那些人真的做了什么吗？
And what would you do in that point?
到那时你会做什么？
You would see them pull customers out of line, and what would you say?
你会看到他们让顾客不守规矩，你会怎么说？
I told the officers, excuse me.
我告诉警察，对不起。
What is this situation?
这是什么情况？
Where's the problem?
问题出在哪里？
Can somebody explain to me what is?
有人可以向我解释一下是什么吗？
They said, don't worry about it.
他们说，别担心。
That's our job.
这就是我们的工作。
Before long, it wasn't just the customers being questioned.
不久之后，受到质疑的不仅仅是顾客。
The police started including a guy named Earl.
警察开始包括一个名叫厄尔的人。
Alex paid him to do odd jobs around the store.
亚历克斯付钱让他在商店里打零工。
One night, right before closing, Alex sent Earl out to the parking lot with a broom and a dustpan.
一天晚上，就在关门前，亚历克斯用扫帚和簸箕送厄尔去停车场。
When he didn't come back, Alex want out to check on him.
当他没有回来时，亚历克斯想出去看看他的情况。
I see only the dustpan and the broom.
我只看到簸箕和扫帚。
And I don't see Earl.
我没有看到厄尔。
It wasn't like Earl to walk off the job.
厄尔不喜欢辞职。
The next day when he arrived at the store, Alex asked him about it.
第二天，当他到达商店时，亚历克斯向他询问了此事。
Earl said, I was in jail last night.
厄尔说，我昨晚在监狱里。
I said, why?
我说，为什么？
He said, for trespassing.
他说，非法侵入。
Trespassing at the store-- Earl says he was charged with trespassing where he works.
侵入商店——厄尔说他被指控侵入他工作的地方。
I was upset.
我很沮丧。
I was burning myself inside.
我内心燃烧着自己。
I was, like, this is impossible.
我当时想，这是不可能的。
Alex is more than just a boss to Earl, more like a father figure to him.
亚历克斯对厄尔来说不仅仅是一个老板，更像是一个父亲的角色。
Earl has some mental health issues, and in general, he has a kid-like quality.
厄尔有一些心理健康问题，总的来说，他有一种孩子般的品质。
He first started coming to the Quickstop years before, when he was 14.
几年前，他第一次来到 Quickstop，当时他才 14 岁。
He had just moved around the corner, but his family life was rough.
他刚搬到拐角处，但家庭生活却很艰难。
And his mom couldn't really take care of him.
而他的妈妈也无法真正照顾他。
So Alex started keeping an eye on him.
于是亚历克斯开始关注他。
Here's Earl.
这是厄尔。
That's why I started hanging around the store, you know, it's because Alex treat me like a son, though.
这就是为什么我开始在商店里闲逛，你知道，这是因为亚历克斯对待我就像对待儿子一样。
Sometimes he let me credit stuff, like milk or something, bread or something.
有时他会让我信用一些东西，比如牛奶什么的，面包什么的。
I'd go to the store and get it.
我会去商店买。
I'd holler at him.
我会对他大喊大叫。
And then he gave me a job, and I started working.
然后他给了我一份工作，我就开始工作了。
I love my job.
我热爱我的工作。
I love working at it.
我喜欢从事这方面的工作。
We're like a family, though.
但我们就像一家人。
That incident with the police, where Alex walked outside to check on Earl at the end of the night and found only a dustpan and broom, that happened two more times that month.
那次与警察的事件，亚历克斯在深夜走到外面查看厄尔，只发现了一个簸箕和扫帚，这个月又发生了两次。
They'll like, come and grab me from, like, outside.
他们会喜欢从外面来抓我。
Like, they won't go in the store and ask Alex or nothing, though.
就像，他们不会去商店问亚历克斯或者什么也不问。
They would just grab me, put me in a police car, take me down to jail, you know?
他们会抓住我，把我塞进警车，然后把我送进监狱，你知道吗？
I'm like, well, I work here, though.
我想，好吧，我在这里工作。
You feel me?
你感觉到我了吗？
So you would say, I work here.
所以你会说，我在这里工作。
And what would they say?
他们会说什么？
Come on.
快点。
You ain't supposed to be here.
你不应该在这里。
You trespassing here.
你擅自闯入这里。
I'd be like, ask my boss.
我想，问问我的老板。
I would be telling, ask my boss.
我想说，去问我的老板吧。
They're still, oh, we don't care.
他们仍然，哦，我们不在乎。
They'll take me down.
他们会把我打倒的。
Each time the police picked up Earl, they'd book him into the county jail.
每次警察抓到厄尔时，他们都会把他关进县监狱。
He'd spend the night there, go to court the next day, and there he'd be given a choice.
他会在那里过夜，第二天去法庭，然后他就会有一个选择。
Plead guilty to trespassing and get out of jail right away, or he could fight the trespassing charge, but it would be a hassle.
承认侵入罪并立即出狱，或者他可以对抗侵入指控，但这会很麻烦。
And it would be expensive.
而且价格会很昂贵。
He'd have to hire a lawyer and post bond and wait for a trial date.
他必须聘请律师并缴纳保释金，然后等待审判日期。
So Earl always pleaded guilty.
所以厄尔总是认罪。
Some of the officers coming into Alex's store were from a specialized unit that was one of the pillars of the new police department.
进入亚历克斯商店的一些警察来自一个专门部门，该部门是新警察局的支柱之一。
Their job was to fight serious crime in the city.
他们的工作是打击城市中的严重犯罪。
So Alex wanted to know, why were they even bothering with his store?
所以亚历克斯想知道，为什么他们还要打扰他的商店？
Why were they bothering with Earl?
他们为什么要打扰厄尔？
He says he went and talked to their boss, the commander of investigations, Major Anthony Chapman.
他说他去和他们的老板、调查指挥官安东尼·查普曼少校交谈。
I explained to Major Chapman the situation was going on in the store with the different specialized unit that was coming and threatening my guy, my clerks, threatening my customers.
我向查普曼少校解释说，商店里正在发生这种情况，不同的专业单位正在过来威胁我的人、我的店员、威胁我的顾客。
You know, he told me, don't worry about it.
你知道，他告诉我，别担心。
Everything is going to be fine.
一切都会好起来的。
I'm trained to handle this.
我受过处理这件事的训练。
I'm going to talk to my guys.
我要和我的伙计们谈谈。
And he told me, this is my phone number.
他告诉我，这是我的电话号码。
You can call me anytime.
你可以随时给我打电话。
Obviously, it was a big mistake.
显然，这是一个很大的错误。
A mistake because officers started showing up more and more, he says.
他说，这是一个错误，因为警察开始越来越多地出现。
Actually, one day one of the officers from the specialized unit, a female, drove to the parking lot, put the window down and said, great complaint.
事实上，有一天，专业单位的一名女警官开车到停车场，放下车窗，说，“很好的抱怨”。
She stick the finger on me, the middle finger, like [BLEEP] you.
她把手指放在我身上，中指，就像[哔]你一样。
And at that time, I was kind of scared.
那时，我有点害怕。
I don't know what to do.
我不知道该怎么办。
It was, like, you feel like you can't do anything about it.
就像，你觉得你对此无能为力。
Alex had never felt this way about the police, that they were not on his side.
亚历克斯从来没有对警察有过这样的感觉，觉得他们不站在他一边。
He thought maybe he could make them go away by quitting the zero tolerance program.
他认为也许他可以通过退出零容忍计划让他们消失。
So he took down the sign from his store.
于是他把店里的招牌取下来。
When he showed up one morning, someone had screwed another one back into its place.
一天早上，当他出现时，有人把另一颗螺丝拧回了原来的位置。
Meanwhile, Earl was now getting picked up everywhere, all over town.
与此同时，厄尔现在到处都在被接走，遍布全城。
Three years into the program, he had been arrested 63 times and stopped another 99 times.
项目实施三年来，他被捕 63 次，并被阻止 99 次。
On the police reports, the reason was almost always the same.
在警方的报告中，原因几乎总是相同的。
Earl seemed, quote, "suspicious." Suspicious while waiting at the bus stop or playing basketball for buying food or walking to a public restroom-- only once did Earl run.
引用的话，厄尔似乎“很可疑”。在等公交车站、打篮球买食物或步行去公共卫生间时，厄尔只跑过一次，他很可疑。
In the arrest report, the officer wrote, quote, "Earl stated that he was running because he was tired of the police arresting him for no reason." After that, Earl says it was just easier to give himself up.
在逮捕报告中，警官写道，“厄尔表示，他之所以逃跑，是因为他厌倦了警察无缘无故地逮捕他。”厄尔说，在那之后，自首就更容易了。
Sometimes, when they'd pull up, I'd just walk to them and pull out my ID, put my ID on the car, put my hands on the car, because I already know what they're going to do.
有时，当他们停下来时，我就会走到他们面前，拿出我的身份证，把我的身份证放在车上，把手放在车上，因为我已经知道他们要做什么。
Put my hands behind my back.
将我的双手放在背后。
I accept what they got for me, though.
不过，我接受他们为我带来的一切。
Why?
为什么？
Earl Because I'd be too scared.
厄尔：因为我太害怕了。
I'd be scared they're going to shoot me.
我害怕他们会开枪打我。
Man, it was like I was a target, though.
伙计，尽管如此，我就像是一个目标。
Like, everywhere they see me, they'll stop me.
就像，无论他们在哪里看到我，他们都会阻止我。
I was getting trespassing from the park, the library.
我擅自闯入公园、图书馆。
Sometimes they used to come around my door at 5 o'clock in the morning looking, like I'm really like a fugitive or something.
有时他们会在凌晨 5 点来到我家门口，看起来好像我真的像个逃犯什么的。
Why were they after him?
他们为什么追杀他？
Alex Saleh Every time he got arrested, he never fought back.
亚历克斯·萨利赫每次被捕，他都从不反击。
He'd just follow whatever they tell him to do.
他只会听从他们让他做什么。
Earl, honestly, is a quiet kid.
老实说，厄尔是一个安静的孩子。
In other words, easy pickings for the police.
换句话说，警察很容易抓到。
That's the only explanation Alex could think of.
这是亚历克斯能想到的唯一解释。
It's not like Earl had some serious criminal record.
厄尔并没有什么严重的犯罪记录。
He was so shy that Alex gave him jobs like cleaning and stocking so he didn't have to interact with customers much.
他非常害羞，亚历克斯给了他清洁和库存等工作，这样他就不必与顾客进行太多互动。
It almost seemed like officers were saying to each, other flat out--
看起来几乎就像军官们在对彼此说——
Let's go over to the Quickstop.
让我们转到“快速停止”。
We'll stop Earl-- low-hanging fruit.
我们会阻止厄尔——唾手可得的目标。
This is Jeff Mason.
这是杰夫·梅森。
He was a sergeant with the Miami Gardens police.
他是迈阿密花园警察局的一名警官。
Alex knew him.
亚历克斯认识他。
His store was in his district, and Alex flagged him down a couple times to complain about what was happening at his store.
他的商店在他所在的地区，亚历克斯多次拦住他，抱怨他商店里发生的事情。
Jeff told him it was no accident that some officers were targeting Earl.
杰夫告诉他，一些警官针对厄尔并非偶然。
Orders had been coming down.
订单一直在下降。
They needed to bring in numbers.
他们需要引进数字。
We would have roll calls, not only with the sergeants but with the captains.
我们不仅要对中士进行点名，还要对上尉进行点名。
And, yeah, the message would be we need to see evidence that you guys are making an impact.
是的，传达的信息是我们需要看到你们正在产生影响的证据。
And you need to justify your existence through numbers.
你需要通过数字来证明你的存在。
You stop enough people, you'll find something.
你阻止足够多的人，你就会发现一些东西。
These were new officers in a new police department that was trying to prove itself.
这些是新警察局的新警官，试图证明自己。
Their zero tolerance program was a version of the broken windows policing theory that seemed so successful in other cities.
他们的零容忍计划是破窗警务理论的一个版本，这种理论在其他城市似乎非常成功。
If you stamp out small offenses, the theory goes, it deters bigger ones.
从理论上讲，如果你杜绝小规模的违法行为，就能阻止更大的违法行为。
They were sending a message to residents in Miami Gardens that no crime would go unchecked.
他们向迈阿密花园的居民发出这样的信息：任何犯罪行为都不会不受制止。
So officers had to prove they were catching the small stuff, Jeff says, like trespassing.
杰夫说，因此警察必须证明他们抓到了一些小事情，比如非法侵入。
As supervisors, we were expected to do our monthly stats sheet, to tally up pretty much everything that the officers did on a daily basis, turn it in.
作为主管，我们应该做每月的统计表，统计官员每天所做的几乎所有事情，然后上交。
And at one time it was posted.
并一度被贴出。
You know, you had competition between platoons and squads.
你知道，排和班之间存在竞争。
So the culture was established to where if you wanted to get anywhere in that department or if you wanted to get promoted, then you would bring in numbers.
因此，我们建立了一种文化，如果你想在该部门取得任何成就或者想要升职，那么你就会引进数字。
It seemed like this was what residents wanted.
看来这就是居民们想要的。
Minutes from city council meetings for those first few years show hardly any complaints about police harassment.
最初几年的市议会会议纪要几乎没有显示任何对警察骚扰的抱怨。
If anything, when people did complain, it was because they felt like officers weren't responding fast enough.
如果说有什么不同的话，那就是当人们确实抱怨时，那是因为他们觉得警察的反应不够快。
They wanted more police.
他们想要更多的警察。
By 2012, four years into the zero tolerance program, the violent crimes that people were most concerned about had not dropped.
到2012年，零容忍计划已经实施四年了，人们最关心的暴力犯罪并没有减少。
In fact, murders had increased, and so had assaults.
事实上，谋杀案有所增加，袭击事件也有所增加。
Though burglaries were down, and vehicle thefts fell by half.
尽管入室盗窃减少了，车辆盗窃也减少了一半。
Meanwhile, after four years of Earl getting stopped constantly, everywhere he went, Earl and Alex had tried all the normal things you do when you're having problems with the police.
与此同时，四年来，厄尔无论走到哪里都不断被拦住，厄尔和亚历克斯尝试了所有与警察发生冲突时会做的正常事情。
So Alex came up with a plan-- a pretty extreme one.
于是亚历克斯想出了一个计划——一个相当极端的计划。
I explained to Earl.
我向厄尔解释道。
I said, Earl, I think the better place for you to live is inside the store.
我说，厄尔，我觉得商店里面更适合你住。
You know, we bring mattress, stuff like that, and I told him, you live here.
你知道，我们带来床垫之类的东西，我告诉他，你住在这里。
You sleep here.
你睡在这里。
Anything you need to eat and drink at night when you're here, you can, you know, you can get it.
当你在这里的时候，你晚上需要吃喝的任何东西，你都可以得到。
Way in the back corner of the store, at the end of an aisle, there's an 11 by 11 foot room built out of plywood and sheet rock.
在商店的后角，过道的尽头，有一个 11 x 11 英尺的房间，是用胶合板和薄板岩建造的。
And inside that room is a mattress and a sink for Earl to wash up in.
房间里有一张床垫和一个供厄尔洗澡的水槽。
If you were picking up laundry detergent or toilet paper, you'd be standing right next to where he sleeps.
如果你正在捡洗衣粉或卫生纸，你就会站在他睡觉的地方旁边。
But even that didn't prevent the police from coming in and getting Earl.
但即便如此，也没有阻止警察进来抓捕厄尔。
Not long after his room was built, he got arrested again for trespassing at the store.
他的房间建成后不久，他就因擅入商店再次被捕。
Earl didn't immediately take a plea this time.
这次厄尔没有立即提出请求。
Alex doesn't know why, but Earl spent 20 days in jail.
亚历克斯不知道为什么，厄尔在监狱里呆了20天。
And the judge issued a stay away warning from the store.
法官向商店发出了远离商店的警告。
Alex's next move-- he bought a surveillance camera.
亚历克斯的下一步行动——他买了一台监控摄像头。
In fact, he bought four.
事实上，他买了四个。
He decided that that was the only way anyone would believe that he wasn't making this stuff up.
他认为这是人们相信他没有编造这些东西的唯一方式。
It's like, I don't know how to fight back.
就好像，我不知道如何反击。
But I said, you know what, I have it on video.
但我说，你知道吗，我有视频。
Let them keep doing it on video.
让他们继续在视频中这样做。
Soon he was up to 16 cameras, covering his store inside and out.
很快他的摄像头就增至16台，覆盖了他的店里里外外。
Now, on camera five, you're going to see Officer William Dunaske taking Earl out of the store.
现在，在第五镜头中，您将看到威廉·杜纳斯克警官将厄尔带出商店。
Alex showed me some of the videos.
亚历克斯给我看了一些视频。
There's no sound on them.
他们身上没有声音。
His cameras don't have microphones, but it's incredible to watch police just come in and grab Earl while he's stocking coolers or taking out the trash.
他的摄像机没有麦克风，但令人难以置信的是，当厄尔在装冷藏箱或倒垃圾时，警察进来抓住了他。
In one video, two police officers are walking up and down the aisles, glancing at customers.
在一段视频中，两名警察在过道上走来走去，扫视着顾客。
And then they head straight for Earl's room in the back of the store.
然后他们直奔商店后面伯爵的房间。
And they take their guns out.
他们掏出枪。
I'm laying in my room, and the door just opened.
我躺在自己的房间里，门刚刚打开。
And I see the police.
我看到了警察。
I'm like, dang.
我就像，当。
I'm like, what I done did?
我想，我做了什么？
They like, oh, you ain't supposed to be here.
他们喜欢，哦，你不应该在这里。
Get out of the room.
离开房间。
So, what, you're putting your shoes on in the aisle?
那么，什么，你要把鞋子放在过道上吗？
Mm-hm.
嗯嗯。
In the aisle, though.
不过在过道里。
I'm putting on my shoes in the aisle, though.
不过，我会在过道上穿鞋。
In the videos, the cops pretty much leave Alex's other employees alone.
在视频中，警察几乎没有打扰亚历克斯的其他员工。
His other employees aren't black.
他的其他员工不是黑人。
His customers are.
他的客户是。
And one of the overwhelming things about watching these videos is the pleasure some officers seem to take in harassing them.
观看这些视频时最令人难以忍受的事情之一是，一些警察似乎对骚扰他们感到高兴。
In one video, a woman in a skirt sits on top of a newspaper box outside the store.
在一段视频中，一名穿着裙子的女子坐在商店外的一个报纸箱上。
A police officer grabs her purse and starts rummaging through it.
一名警察抓住她的钱包并开始翻箱倒柜。
He turns it upside down and dumps the contents onto the ground.
他把它翻过来，把里面的东西倒在地上。
And then he just kicks her stuff around.
然后他就把她的东西乱踢。
The officer in this instance is Michael Malone.
此例中的警官是迈克尔·马龙。
Of all the police officers Alex captured on tape, he stands out as the biggest bully.
在亚历克斯被录像捕获的所有警察中，他是最大的恶霸。
In another scene, Malone takes a guy's bag of Red Bulls and hurls the cans all over the sidewalk.
在另一个场景中，马龙拿起一个人的红牛袋，并将罐子扔到人行道上。
And I went to the officer and said, you know what, why you throw all those Red Bull all over the place, man?
我去找警官说，你知道吗，你为什么把这些红牛扔得到处都是，伙计？
You think that was right?
你认为那是对的吗？
He said, fuck him.
他说，操他。
Why do you care?
你为什么关心？
Alex continued complaining to the police department and continued to get nowhere.
亚历克斯继续向警察局投诉，但仍然毫无进展。
And then, he says, one day, not long after one of these complaints, a group of officers showed up at the store with their Sergeant-- Sergeant Martin Santiago.
然后，他说，有一天，在这些投诉发生后不久，一群警官带着他们的警长——马丁·圣地亚哥中士出现在商店。
They stood in a line, shoulder to shoulder, blocking the aisles.
他们肩并肩站成一排，堵住了过道。
Another time, Alex says, they confronted him outside the store.
亚历克斯说，还有一次，他们在商店外与他对峙。
He started to feel like they weren't just going after Earl anymore.
他开始觉得他们不再只是追捕厄尔了。
They were going after him, too.
他们也在追捕他。
Officers followed me from the store, four blocks away.
警察跟着我离开了四个街区外的商店。
And they stopped me.
他们阻止了我。
And that traffic stop was six police cars.
那个交通站有六辆警车。
And that's when Sergeant Santiago walked to my window.
就在这时，圣地亚哥中士走到我的窗前。
He said my tailgate light was out.
他说我的尾门灯不亮了。
Tires-- he said, your tire is bald.
轮胎——他说，你的轮胎秃了。
So I'm like, OK.
所以我想，好吧。
My tire's not bald.
我的轮胎没秃。
The sergeant, Santiago, came to the passenger side and told me, I'm gonna get you, motherfucker.
圣地亚哥中士来到乘客一侧并告诉我，我会抓住你的，混蛋。
I was kind of getting scared.
我有点害怕了。
And I was home.
我当时在家。
I was thinking, you know, the only way that those officers and the department feel pressure is to show the whole world what's going on-- just to have it on record to protect myself.
我在想，你知道，那些官员和部门感受到压力的唯一方式就是向全世界展示正在发生的事情 - 只是将其记录下来以保护自己。
So he walked into a building he'd never been in before, the offices of the Miami Herald, and asked to speak to a reporter.
于是他走进了一座他以前从未去过的大楼——《迈阿密先驱报》的办公室，并要求与记者交谈。
Two months later, the Herald published Alex's story on the front page and put some of the surveillance videos online.
两个月后，《先驱报》在头版刊登了亚历克斯的故事，并将部分监控视频放到了网上。
One of the Herald's reporters, Julie Brown, pulled records that showed police had arrested Earl at least 62 times for trespassing.
《先驱报》的一名记者朱莉·布朗 (Julie Brown) 调取的记录显示，厄尔因非法侵入而被警方逮捕至少 62 次。
Most of the citations were issued at the Quickstop.
大多数罚单是在 Quickstop 发出的。
And overall, Earl had been stopped and questioned more than 250 times.
总体而言，Earl 已被拦截和询问超过 250 次。
His criminal record was 38 pages long.
他的犯罪记录长达38页。
News outlets all over the country picked up the story.
全国各地的新闻媒体都报道了这个故事。
Right now at 5:30, Miami Gardens police are being questioned about officers stopping and harassing customers at a particular convenience store.
现在 5 点 30 分，迈阿密花园警方正在接受质询，询问警察是否在一家便利店拦截并骚扰顾客。
My biggest surprise that we have at least about 30, 40 reporters in the parking lot, of every TV station, every radio station, newspaper.
让我最惊讶的是，停车场里至少有大约 30、40 名记者，来自每个电视台、每个广播电台、报纸。
I got people drove from Tampa-- a family.
我让人们从坦帕开车过来——一个家庭。
The whole family just came.
全家人都来了。
They want to shake my hand.
他们想和我握手。
I feel happy.
我感到很高兴。
That day was, honestly, was like a party, actually, yes.
老实说，那天就像一场聚会，实际上，是的。
The press attention worked.
媒体的关注起了作用。
Police now completely avoided the Quickstop.
警察现在完全避开了快速停车。
To Alex, it was a huge relief.
对于亚历克斯来说，这是一个巨大的解脱。
But the story of police harassment was about to go way beyond just Earl.
但警察骚扰的故事将远远超出厄尔的范畴。
Two investigative journalists, Alice Brennan and Dan Lieberman, they're from a new startup called Fusion.
两名调查记者，爱丽丝·布伦南 (Alice Brennan) 和丹·利伯曼 (Dan Lieberman)，来自一家名为 Fusion 的新初创公司。
And they decided to compile stats for all the stops the Miami Gardens Police Department had made since it first started in 2008.
他们决定对迈阿密花园警察局自 2008 年成立以来所进行的所有拦截进行统计。
It was stunning.
太棒了。
Miki Meek This is Alice.
米基·米克 这是爱丽丝。
The results were stunning.
结果令人震惊。
Because in a city of 110,000 people-- Miami Gardens only has 110,000 people.
因为在一个有11万人口的城市里——迈阿密花园只有11万人口。
And the number of stops that had occurred over a five-year period was 99,980.
五年内发生的停车次数为 99,980 次。
And so then to compare that to the city of Miami-- it has a population four times as large as Miami Gardens-- over the same period of time, they had only made 3,753 stops.
与迈阿密市相比——它的人口是迈阿密花园的四倍——在同一时期内，他们只停靠了 3,753 趟。
3,700 stops for the city of Miami, compared to 99,000 for Miami Gardens.
迈阿密市有 3,700 个停靠点，而迈阿密花园有 99,000 个停靠点。
It's like, I'm going to have to look at that again because what?
就像，我得再看一遍，因为什么？
When you first saw that, did you think that number was wrong?
当您第一次看到这个数字时，您是否认为这个数字是错误的？
I did.
我做到了。
I'm like, this can't be real.
我想，这不可能是真的。
This can't be real.
这不可能是真的。
This cannot be happening.
这不可能发生。
I thought all of the data was wrong.
我以为所有的数据都是错的。
It wasn't wrong.
这并没有错。
What shocked Alice the most, though, was more than 11,000 of the stops were for kids.
然而，最令爱丽丝震惊的是，其中超过 11,000 个站点是为儿童设计的。
Kids who, in the field contact reports, were labeled suspicious while doing things like playing freeze tag, riding bikes, swimming at pools, or hanging out a public park.
在现场接触报告中，孩子们在玩冷冻标签、骑自行车、在游泳池游泳或在公园闲逛等活动时被标记为可疑。
To give me a better sense of just how strange all these police stops looked, Alice ran me through her spreadsheet.
为了让我更好地了解这些警察局看起来有多么奇怪，爱丽丝让我浏览了她的电子表格。
I'll just sort this really quickly for you.
我会很快为你解决这个问题。
Here we go.
开始了。
So what I'm going to do now is I'm going to sort for age, right?
那么我现在要做的就是按年龄排序，对吧？
So we've got ages one, two, we've got seven year olds.
所以我们有一岁、两岁、七岁的孩子。
This is a particularly alarming one.
这是一个特别令人震惊的问题。
Five years old this kid is, and it says, the listed subject was fitting the description of the suspect in the area of a burglary.
这个孩子五岁，而且上面说，所列出的主题符合入室盗窃领域嫌疑人的描述。
I mean, what is that?
我的意思是，那是什么？
Alice Brennan Who knows?
艾丽丝·布伦南 谁知道？
OK, so here's another one.
好的，这是另一张。
This kid was seven years old, stopped for being a suspicious person.
这孩子七岁了，因可疑人物而被拦住。
Officer says in the remarks, "I was dispatched to the above location.
警官在讲话中说：“我被派往上述地点。
Several subjects, possibly selling narcotics.
几个主题，可能是贩卖毒品。
This subject was observed in front of this location.
在此位置前观察到该对象。
And pat searched was conducted after consent.
并在征得同意后进行搜查。
No wants nor warrants."
没有想要也没有保证。”
So they say they ran a seven-year-old's name.
所以他们说他们用了一个七岁孩子的名字。
Yeah, they ran the name.
是的，他们跑了这个名字。
And what do you know?
你知道什么？
No wants or warrants were found.
没有发现任何需求或认股权证。
It says here in the physical characteristics that this seven-year-old had a slight beard.
这里的身体特征显示，这个七岁的孩子有轻微的胡须。
Right now, Miami Gardens has at least five lawsuits filed against it, all alleging that the police engaged in serious misconduct, racial profiling, and were operating according to a quota system.
目前，迈阿密花园至少有五起针对其的诉讼，所有诉讼均指控警方存在严重不当行为、种族定性，并按照配额制度运作。
One of those is a civil rights lawsuit brought by Alex.
其中之一是亚历克斯提起的民权诉讼。
Two other cases were brought by whistleblowers, former police employees who say that when they spoke out against the department's pressure to rack up numbers, their positions were terminated.
另外两起案件是由前警察雇员举报人提起的，他们表示，当他们公开反对该部门增加人数的压力时，他们的职位被解雇了。
Miami Gardens officials, through their lawyers, denied all of these allegations and didn't respond to multiple requests for interviews about the cases and about Alice's numbers.
迈阿密花园官员通过律师否认了所有这些指控，并且没有回应有关案件和爱丽丝数据的多次采访请求。
Wanda Gilbert is one of the whistle blowers suing Miami Gardens.
万达·吉尔伯特是起诉迈阿密花园的举报人之一。
She was a crime analyst at Miami Garden's PD from 2007 to 2011.
2007 年至 2011 年，她在迈阿密花园警察局担任犯罪分析师。
It was her job to compile all the field contact numbers and present them at regular staff meetings.
她的工作是收集所有现场联系电话并在定期员工会议上展示。
What she realized looking at all those numbers, Wanda says, was that they had no meaningful connection to fighting real crime or making the city safer.
万达说，看到所有这些数字，她意识到它们与打击真正的犯罪或让城市更安全没有任何有意义的联系。
No one was saying--
没有人说——
OK, we did 556 field contacts.
好的，我们进行了 556 次现场接触。
So therefore, by them doing this, we only had one burglary-- never.
因此，通过他们这样做，我们只发生过一起入室盗窃案——从未发生过。
It was just gathering stats.
这只是收集统计数据。
In her old job, Wanda says, officers would look at their field contacts database for suspects when they were trying to solve a crime.
万达说，在她以前的工作中，警官在试图破案时会查看他们的现场联系人数据库以寻找嫌疑人。
But Miami Gardens had collected so many people in its database that it wasn't helpful at all.
但迈阿密花园的数据库中收集了太多人，根本没有任何帮助。
Jeff Mason filed the other whistleblower lawsuit against the city.
杰夫·梅森对该市提起了另一起举报人诉讼。
He's the former patrol sergeant you heard earlier.
他就是你之前听说过的前巡逻中士。
They were making so many stops, Jeff says, that supervisors like him couldn't keep up.
杰夫说，他们停下来的次数太多了，像他这样的主管根本跟不上。
That five-year-old who was written up as a burglary suspect?
那个被列为入室盗窃嫌疑人的五岁孩子？
Jeff signed off on that one.
杰夫在那一份上签字了。
I mean, how many supervisors do you think were actually reading the remarks on these?
我的意思是，您认为有多少主管真正阅读了这些言论？
Um, as a supervisor, because there were so many coming through, to be specifically reading the remarks, it was next to impossible.
嗯,作为一个主管,因为过来的人太多了,要专门看发言稿,几乎是不可能的。
If the numbers weren't being used in the service of smart policing, than what purpose did they serve?
如果这些号码没有被用于智能警务服务，那么它们的目的是什么？
When I first started reporting this story, I heard speculation that the Miami Gardens Police Department needed these numbers in order to get federal grants.
当我第一次开始报道这个故事时，我听到有人猜测迈阿密花园警察局需要这些数字才能获得联邦拨款。
There have been reports about other police departments been fixated on quotas and numbers for this purpose.
有报道称，其他警察部门为此目的而制定了配额和人数。
Miami Gardens police received 21 grants, with millions of dollars from the Department of Justice Community Policing Program.
迈阿密花园警方从司法部社区警务计划获得了 21 笔拨款，价值数百万美元。
But I read through a lot of those applications.
但我读了很多这样的申请。
Field contact numbers were not a requirement to qualify.
现场联系号码并不是获得资格的必要条件。
They rarely came up at all.
他们很少出现。
I also looked through city council minutes.
我还查阅了市议会会议记录。
I thought maybe the police chief was presenting field contact numbers to the city to show that his department was making an impact.
我想也许警察局长正在向市政府提供现场联系电话，以表明他的部门正在产生影响。
But no, nothing there either.
但不，那里也什么也没有。
In five years, the chief mentioned field contacts only once.
五年来，领导只提到过一次实地接触。
So where did this policy come from?
那么这个政策从何而来呢？
Well, I started with the person who was running the city at the time-- Mayor Shirley Gibson.
好吧，我从当时管理这座城市的人——雪莉·吉布森市长开始。
She says she didn't know anything about it or the 99,000 stops that happened in the city.
她说她对此一无所知，也不知道这座城市发生的 99,000 次停车事件。
I'm not saying, you know, it's true or untrue.
我并不是说，你知道，这是真的还是假的。
I just don't know, so I'm not going to have a comment.
我只是不知道，所以我不会发表评论。
OK, they did this, or they didn't do that.
好吧，他们要么这样做，要么没有那样做。
I'm just telling you I had no knowledge of that.
我只是告诉你我对此一无所知。
And I'm not trying to not say I have some responsibility, but I didn't know about it.
我并不是不想说我有一些责任，但我不知道这一点。
So many people have denied responsibility for these numbers.
许多人否认对这些数字负责。
No one will say, this policy started with me.
没有人会说，这个政策是从我开始的。
No one could point to a piece of paper or a meeting where it was adopted.
没有人能指出一张文件或通过该文件的一次会议。
No one could say where it came from or why.
没有人能说出它从何而来，为何而来。
And as much as it may be satisfying to find one culprit who's responsible for a department run amok, or one idea that spread and infected so many of its officers, the reality is it failed in the way that so many systems fail-- a whole bunch of mistakes that compounded over time.
尽管找到一个负责一个部门失控的罪魁祸首，或者一个传播并感染了如此多官员的想法可能会让人感到满意，但现实是，它的失败就像许多系统失败一样——随着时间的推移，一大堆错误不断加剧。
No one had a clear vision for what they were doing and why.
没有人对自己在做什么以及为什么这样做有清晰的愿景。
And in the absence of a plan, things went bad in big ways and small ways.
如果没有计划，事情就会大大小小的恶化。
One thing that's clear is there was a weird lack of accountability in Miami Gardens.
有一件事是明确的，迈阿密花园奇怪地缺乏责任感。
Officially, the police were supposed to be overseen by an entity called the City Manager's Office, which many people told me was asleep on the job.
按照官方说法，警察应该由一个名为市经理办公室的实体来监督，很多人告诉我，这个实体在工作中打瞌睡。
There was a city council that appears to have been totally in the dark.
有一个市议会似乎完全蒙在鼓里。
The mayor, like you heard, says she had no idea.
正如你所听到的，市长说她不知道。
And there was a police chief, Matthew Boyd, who didn't really seem like he was around much.
还有一位警察局长马修·博伊德（Matthew Boyd），他似乎并不经常出现。
He was a great guy in the beginning.
一开始他是一个很棒的人。
He was everywhere.
他无处不在。
He was out there in his car, running around, you know, doing stuff.
他开着车在外面跑来跑去，你知道，做事。
This is Stephen Kolackovsky He was a sergeant in Miami Gardens from 2007 to 2010.
这是史蒂芬·科拉科夫斯基（Stephen Kolackovsky），2007 年至 2010 年，他在迈阿密花园担任中士。
By year three, I never saw him, and then, you know, the rumor starts that that city controller busted him in the butt about golfing too much and stuff.
到了第三年，我再也没有见过他，然后，你知道，谣言开始说，那个城市管理者因为打高尔夫球太多之类的事情痛斥了他。
I don't know.
我不知道。
A former vice mayor from Miami Gardens told me he doesn't know if the city ever officially reprimanded Boyd for playing too much golf.
迈阿密花园的一位前副市长告诉我，他不知道该市是否曾正式谴责博伊德打太多高尔夫球。
But he does remember that it was a problem.
但他确实记得这是一个问题。
Boyd's golf game also came up with every former police employee I talked to.
我采访过的每一位前警察雇员也都想起了博伊德的高尔夫比赛。
Boyd has denied misusing company time.
博伊德否认滥用公司时间。
As Stephen remembers it, there just seemed to be an absence at the top that was confusing.
斯蒂芬记得，高层似乎缺席，令人困惑。
Maybe he started the department, got it going, felt he was done.
也许他创办了这个部门，开始运作，觉得自己已经完成了。
And maybe he just didn't want to be there anymore.
也许他只是不想再呆在那里了。
I'd like to ask him that, though.
不过我还是想问他这个问题。
I'd like to know why.
我想知道为什么。
It almost felt like it was a ship without a captain, and that's kind of the way everybody-- well, I felt and a lot of the people I knew felt, like, you know, there's no chief here.
这几乎感觉就像是一艘没有船长的船，这就是每个人——嗯，我和我认识的很多人的感觉，就像，你知道，这里没有船长。
You know what I mean?
你知道我的意思？
Like, everybody knew he wasn't around, and they had the first mate running the boat.
就像，每个人都知道他不在身边，他们让大副驾驶船。
The first mate, in this case, was the former deputy chief.
在这种情况下，大副是前副大副。
Like the chief, he's denied being the person who brought this policy to Miami Gardens.
和酋长一样，他也否认自己是将这项政策带到迈阿密花园的人。
Their attorney declined my request for interviews.
他们的律师拒绝了我的采访请求。
While no one will take responsibility for initiating the policy, former department employees say the message that officers needed to stop and question large numbers of residents was being conveyed loud and clear.
虽然没有人会承担启动这项政策的责任，但该部门的前雇员表示，警察需要制止并询问大量居民的信息已经被大声而清晰地传达出来。
And the officers on the receiving end of that message were mostly white and Hispanic and they weren't from Miami Gardens or anywhere nearby.
接收该消息的警察大多是白人和西班牙裔，他们不是来自迈阿密花园或附近的任何地方。
And generally speaking, they had little experience dealing with a black population.
一般来说，他们几乎没有与黑人打交道的经验。
Wanda Gilbert, the former crime analyst, did some of the background checks during hiring.
前犯罪分析师万达·吉尔伯特在招聘过程中进行了一些背景调查。
And one of the things that I had even spoke to the chief about, because I'm doing the background work on these people, I'm going, like, what's going on here?
我什至与酋长谈到过一件事，因为我正在对这些人进行背景工作，我想，这里发生了什么事？
What's going on here because, you know, it was a vast amount of white officers.
这里发生了什么，因为，你知道，有大量的白人警察。
And second, what was the demographic then, mostly, of the officers, if you were to break it down?
其次，如果你要细分的话，当时主要是军官的人口结构是怎样的？
If I break it down, I think at the time the department was like 200 and maybe 26.
如果我细分的话，我想当时这个部门大概有 200 人，也许有 26 人。
And out of that, it was probably maybe 40-- and that's guesstimating high-- but that includes all the black officers.
其中，可能有 40 人——这个数字估计很高——但这包括所有黑人警官。
And one of the things that was a challenge to us, because a lot of the officers were new-- meaning they were from various areas around the United States.
其中一件事对我们来说是一个挑战，因为很多警官都是新的——这意味着他们来自美国各地。
Like where?
比如哪里？
Wanda Gilbert Oh, from Alaska, Kansas, Missouri-- you name it.
万达·吉尔伯特 哦，来自阿拉斯加、堪萨斯州、密苏里州——凡是你能想到的。
They were from around the country.
他们来自全国各地。
And some of them, this was all new to them-- not only just being Miami Gardens, but also, too, here they are, some of them, now they're working with a black community.
对他们中的一些人来说，这对他们来说是全新的——不仅是迈阿密花园，而且他们在这里，他们中的一些人现在正在与黑人社区合作。
And that was a problem.
这是一个问题。
You didn't know the nuances.
你不知道其中的细微差别。
In fact, I've even heard officers say that, oh, everybody in this community is, you know, is a criminal.
事实上，我什至听到警察说，哦，这个社区的每个人，你知道，都是罪犯。
Former city council members and police employees who were involved in hiring all say that they did try hard to recruit from local police departments, but many in the area thought that the newly formed Miami Gardens Police wouldn't last longer than a year.
参与招聘的前市议员和警察雇员都表示，他们确实努力从当地警察部门招募人员，但该地区许多人认为新成立的迈阿密花园警察不会超过一年。
And so local officers didn't want to risk taking jobs there.
因此当地官员不想冒险在那里工作。
Stephen Kolackovsky, he was a sergeant in Miami gardens from 2007 to 2010.
斯蒂芬·科拉科夫斯基 (Stephen Kolackovsky)，2007 年至 2010 年担任迈阿密花园中士。
He came down from the Baltimore Police Department, and he says that in Miami Gardens, they ended up with a lot of officers who just seemed out of place.
他来自巴尔的摩警察局，他说在迈阿密花园，他们最终发现了很多看起来格格不入的警察。
You know, you could see it on their face.
你知道，你可以从他们的脸上看到这一点。
They were in culture shock.
他们正处于文化冲击之中。
Like, it was almost overwhelming to them.
就像，这对他们来说几乎是压倒性的。
Just, you could almost see they were nervous.
只是，你几乎可以看出他们很紧张。
And sometimes I wondered to myself, you know, what are you doing here?
有时我心里想，你知道，你在这里做什么？
You know, just what are you doing here?
你知道，你来这里做什么？
Go back home.
回家吧。
Because Alex spoke up, some serious changes have taken place in Miami Gardens.
因为亚历克斯的发声，迈阿密花园发生了一些严重的变化。
The police chief, Matthew Boyd, and his deputy-- they're both gone now.
警察局长马修·博伊德和他的副手——现在他们都走了。
The new police chief is a guy named Stephen Johnson, and he reports every week to a new city manager.
新任警察局长名叫斯蒂芬·约翰逊，他每周向新任城市经理汇报工作。
Johnson keeps him in the loop about how many times police are stopping residents.
约翰逊随时了解警察拦住居民的次数。
In the last year, those numbers have dropped about 70%.
去年，这些数字下降了约 70%。
Alex has talked to the new police chief, and he likes him.
亚历克斯已经和新任警察局长谈过了，他喜欢他。
He likes that Johnson gives out his personal cell phone number to residents.
他喜欢约翰逊向居民提供他的个人手机号码。
But Alex is still on edge.
但亚历克斯仍然处于紧张状态。
I really still don't feel comfortable.
我确实还是觉得不舒服。
I don't.
我不知道。
Honestly, I don't feel comfortable right now if they're going to come or if they're not going to come back.
老实说，无论他们要回来还是不回来，我现在都感到不舒服。
Because there's still some of the officers in the city.
因为城里还有一些军官。
The officers that came to your store are still on the force.
来到你们商店的警官仍然在部队。
Yeah, there's still the same officers still in the street.
是的，街上仍然有同样的警察。
Anthony Chapman, the police commander whose officers repeatedly harassed Alex's customers and Earl, he's still at the police department.
安东尼·查普曼（Anthony Chapman），警察指挥官，他的警察多次骚扰亚历克斯的顾客和厄尔（Earl），他仍在警察局工作。
He denies all allegations against him and declined to be interviewed.
他否认所有针对他的指控，并拒绝接受采访。
Martin Santiago, the sergeant who Alex says threatened him at a traffic stop, he also still works there, as does William Dunaske, the officer who pulled Earl out of the store in that very first surveillance video.
马丁·圣地亚哥（Martin Santiago）是亚历克斯所说的在交通站威胁他的警官，他也仍然在那里工作，威廉·杜纳斯克（William Dunaske）也是如此，他是第一个监控视频中将厄尔带出商店的警官。
The city declined to make Santiago and Dunaske available for comment.
该市拒绝让圣地亚哥和杜纳斯克置评。
Michael Malone, the officer who threw and kicked customers' personal things, he did leave the force, but it was voluntary.
迈克尔·马龙（Michael Malone）是一名扔踢顾客私人物品的警官，他确实离开了警队，但这是自愿的。
An internal affairs report concedes misconduct, but Malone was never disciplined for his actions.
一份内政报告承认存在不当行为，但马龙从未因其行为受到纪律处分。
He could not be reached for comment.
记者未能联系到他置评。
It's been more than a year and a half since Earl was last stopped, but he doesn't feel safe.
厄尔上次被拦下已经过去一年半多了，但他感觉不安全。
His world is still a paranoid one.
他的世界仍然是一个偏执的世界。
He still lives at the store and rarely goes out.
他仍然住在店里，很少出门。
And when he does, he gets scared.
当他这样做时，他会感到害怕。
Sometimes he goes to the park to play basketball.
有时他去公园打篮球。
And if the officer drives by, he calls me.
如果警察开车经过，他就会打电话给我。
I be like, Alex, the police trying to get me.
我就像，亚历克斯，警察试图抓捕我。
Police-- police coming.
警察——警察来了。
I feel like they going to try to harm me, though.
但我感觉他们会试图伤害我。
So I come out of the store, so I can see across the street in the park.
所以我走出商店，这样我就可以看到街对面的公园。
But you can see him watching back and forth, like, do you think they're going to stop me, or they're not going to stop me?
但你可以看到他来来回回地看着，就像，你认为他们会阻止我，还是不会阻止我？
I said, just walk.
我说，走吧。
Alex will be like, Earl, they ain't going to mess with you no more.
亚历克斯会说，厄尔，他们不会再惹你了。
I got you, though.
不过我还是找到你了
I got you, Earl.
我找到你了，厄尔。
Right before I said goodbye to Earl, I asked him this one, last question.
就在我向厄尔告别之前，我问了他最后一个问题。
Is there anything I haven't asked you that you want to tell me?
还有什么我没问你但你想告诉我的吗？
Did I miss anything?
我错过了什么吗？
You ain't working for the police, right?
你不是为警察工作吧？
You ain't working for the police.
你不是为警察工作。
He asked, are you going to try to do something to me?
他问，你想对我做什么吗？
I told him, no.
我告诉他，不。
Miki Meek is one of the producers of our program.
米基·米克是我们节目的制作人之一。
Coming up, wouldn't it be lovely for a change to hear a story about police and black residents that could give any small sense of hope at all?
接下来，听到一个关于警察和黑人居民的故事可以带来一丝希望，这不是很可爱吗？
We get to that.
我们做到了。
We absolutely get to that in the second half of our show.
我们绝对会在节目的后半部分做到这一点。
That's in a minute, from Chicago Public Radio, when our program continues.
稍后，芝加哥公共广播电台将继续我们的节目。
This American Life , I'm Ira Glass.
这个美国生活，我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Today's program-- Police See Things Differently, Part Two.
今天的节目——警察以不同的方式看待事物，第二部分。
It is our second episode with stories about policing and race.
这是我们关于警务和种族故事的第二集。
We've arrived at Act Two of our program-- Act Two, Comey Don't Play That.
我们已经到了节目的第二幕——第二幕，科米别这么做。
You may have heard in the news already that FBI director James Comey gave a speech this week that was about the subject of today's program, about policing and race-- a speech that was amazing for its directness and its sweep.
您可能已经在新闻中听说过，联邦调查局局长詹姆斯·科米本周发表了一场演讲，内容涉及今天节目的主题，关于警务和种族——这场演讲的直接性和广泛性令人惊叹。
He said law enforcement needs to redouble its efforts to resist bias and to do a better job serving black Americans.
他表示，执法部门需要加倍努力抵制偏见，更好地为美国黑人服务。
Attorney General Holder, of course, has said similar things in the past.
当然，司法部长霍尔德过去也曾说过类似的话。
Our producer, Robyn Semien-- Robyn is the one who talked to her police officer friend about the Eric Garner video earlier in the show.
我们的制片人罗宾·塞米恩 (Robyn Semien) 在节目早些时候与她的警察朋友谈论了埃里克·加纳 (Eric Garner) 的视频。
Robyn has noticed that local heads of police departments in cities around the country do not talk this way in the moment when people are thinking about this the most.
罗宾注意到，在人们最关心这个问题的时候，全国各地城市的当地警察部门负责人并不会这样说话。
And that's after incidents where unarmed black man are killed by white officers.
此前曾发生过手无寸铁的黑人被白人警察杀害的事件。
Big city police chiefs don't like to talk about race.
大城市的警察局长不喜欢谈论种族。
When they do, they like to say it doesn't matter.
当他们这样做时，他们喜欢说没关系。
New York Police Commissioner, William Bratton, in response to Eric Garner, said, quote, "I personally don't think race was a factor."
纽约警察局长威廉·布拉顿在回应埃里克·加纳时表示，“我个人认为种族不是一个因素。”
After Oscar Grant was shot in the back, famously, lying face down on a crowded train platform at Fruitvale Station in Oakland, BART Police Chief Gary Gee said there was no, quote, "nexus to race that provoked this to happen." It's what Milwaukee Police Chief Edward Flynn said about race in last week's show.
奥斯卡·格兰特（Oscar Grant）背部中弹，面朝下躺在奥克兰弗鲁特维尔车站拥挤的火车站台上，随后，巴特警察局长加里·吉（Gary Gee）表示，“与种族之间的关系并没有导致这种情况的发生”。这是密尔沃基警察局长爱德华·弗林在上周的节目中谈到种族问题时所说的。
At the level of cop working in the neighborhood, race is irrelevant.
对于在附近工作的警察来说，种族无关紧要。
That's what Saratoga Springs Police Department in Utah said, just last week, about 22-year-old Darrien Hunt, also black.
就在上周，犹他州萨拉托加斯普林斯警察局对 22 岁的黑人达里恩·亨特 (Darrien Hunt) 如此说道。
The attorney for the Saratoga Springs Police Department says race did not play a factor in the shooting death of Darrien Hunt.
萨拉托加斯普林斯警察局的律师表示，种族并不是导致达里恩·亨特被枪杀的因素。
She says that--
她说——
Every time I hear this, race is not a factor, my gut reaction is the same.
每次我听到这个，种族不是一个因素，我的本能反应都是一样的。
Why say that?
为什么这么说？
How would you know?
你怎么知道？
What are you basing that on?
你这样做的依据是什么？
Because there's science on this-- in fact, years of research.
因为这方面有科学依据——事实上，是多年的研究。
And that research shows the opposite.
而该研究表明了相反的情况。
FBI Director James Comey talked about this in his speech this week.
联邦调查局局长詹姆斯·科米在本周的演讲中谈到了这一点。
Much research points to the widespread existence of unconscious bias.
许多研究表明无意识偏见普遍存在。
Many people in our white majority culture have unconscious racial biases and react differently to a white face than to a black face.
在我们白人占多数的文化中，许多人都有无意识的种族偏见，对白人面孔的反应与对黑人面孔的反应不同。
In fact, we all-- white and black-- carry various biases around with us.
事实上，我们所有人——无论白人还是黑人——都带着各种偏见。
Most of our participants associate young black men with the idea of threat.
我们的大多数参与者都将年轻黑人与威胁联系在一起。
Psychologist Josh Correll did some of the key research the FBI director was talking about.
心理学家乔什·科雷尔（Josh Correll）做了联邦调查局局长所说的一些关键研究。
Josh studies implicit racial biases, basically feelings that we all have about race that we may or may not be aware of.
乔什研究隐性种族偏见，基本上是我们所有人对种族的感受，我们可能意识到也可能不知道。
He's tested hundreds of cops.
他测试了数百名警察。
He flashes pictures of white and black men up on a computer screen.
他在电脑屏幕上闪现白人和黑人的照片。
Some are holding weapons, and some are holding a wallet or a can of Coke.
有的拿着武器，有的拿着钱包或一罐可乐。
And you have to decide instantaneously, shoot or don't shoot.
你必须立即决定，开枪还是不开枪。
And Josh sees evidence, by how fast you do it and how many mistakes you make, of what your underlying assumptions are about black and white people-- your implicit biases.
乔什从你做事的速度和犯的错误数量中看到了证据，表明你对黑人和白人的基本假设是什么——你的隐性偏见。
For most of us, we would say things like, oh, you know, I like black people.
对于我们大多数人来说，我们会说，哦，你知道，我喜欢黑人。
I like black men.
我喜欢黑人。
I don't have anything against them.
我对他们没有什么反对的。
I don't have any negativity toward them.
我对他们没有任何负面情绪。
That's an explicit report of an attitude.
这是态度的明确报告。
But it goes through an editing process.
但它要经过一个编辑过程。
When I flash a picture up on a screen and ask you to respond in 630 milliseconds, you don't have time to edit.
当我在屏幕上闪现一张图片并要求您在 630 毫秒内做出响应时，您没有时间进行编辑。
It's like everybody has this gut response that is, oh, black means threat.
就好像每个人都有这样的本能反应，那就是，哦，黑色意味着威胁。
By everybody he means everybody-- black and white, including police.
他所说的所有人是指所有人——黑人和白人，包括警察。
Josh's findings show that police officers are more likely to see the images of black men as threatening, even though police officers usually make the correct decision to shoot or not shoot.
乔什的研究结果表明，警察更有可能将黑人男性的图像视为威胁，尽管警察通常会做出开枪或不开枪的正确决定。
In fact, the rest of us-- untrained people like you and me-- do far worse than cops.
事实上，我们其他人——像你我这样未经训练的人——做得比警察差得多。
We're more likely to shoot a black man with a wallet, and we're less likely to shoot a white man with a gun.
我们更有可能用钱包射杀黑人，而不太可能用枪射杀白人。
But not all cops outperform us.
但并不是所有警察都比我们好。
Josh has also given his video game test to police who work on gang units.
乔什还向帮派部门的警察进行了视频游戏测试。
What he's found is that the nature of policing gangs, which often means rounding up and arresting groups of young black men, does something to those officers and their decisions to shoot.
他发现，警察团伙的本质通常意味着围捕和逮捕一群年轻的黑人男子，这对那些警察及其开枪决定产生了影响。
When we test them, they are worse than other police.
当我们测试他们时，他们比其他警察更糟糕。
So we see bias in their response times, and we see bias in the mistakes that they make.
因此，我们在他们的响应时间中看到了偏见，在他们所犯的错误中看到了偏见。
So unlike regular cops, those special unit cops seem to be more likely to shoot an unarmed black target than an unarmed white target.
因此，与普通警察不同的是，那些特种部队警察似乎更有可能射击手无寸铁的黑人目标，而不是手无寸铁的白人目标。
Josh says that gang units, unlike regular police, are like us.
乔什说，帮派单位与普通警察不同，他们就像我们一样。
They do badly on these tests, even with all their training.
即使接受了所有的训练，他们在这些测试中的表现仍然很差。
After talking to Josh, I wondered, if this research is out there, if we know this, why do we always hear race is not a problem?
与乔什交谈后，我想知道，如果这项研究存在，如果我们知道这一点，为什么我们总是听说种族不是问题？
Are there police officers anywhere who are having a conversation about race, about how their biases might be making them worse at their jobs?
是否有警察在谈论种族问题，谈论他们的偏见如何使他们的工作变得更糟？
Looking around, I learned there is training for police based on this science.
环顾四周，我了解到有基于这门科学的警察培训。
Implicit bias training, it's called.
这就是所谓的隐性偏见训练。
There's a popular two-day seminar that dozens of departments have used.
有一个为期两天的研讨会很受欢迎，已有数十个部门使用过。
So I phoned the Department of Justice, and an official told me they recommend it all the time.
所以我打电话给司法部，一位官员告诉我他们一直推荐它。
They've paid for 90 police departments nationwide to use it, not for all their officers, but for some.
他们付费让全国 90 个警察部门使用它，不是所有警察，而是部分警察。
Another 150 departments have paid for it themselves.
另有150个部门自行支付费用。
And I asked several people at the Department of Justice, could they point me to a police force that's aggressively confronting racial bias and that's seeing results?
我问了司法部的几个人，他们能否向我介绍一支积极对抗种族偏见并正在看到成果的警察部队？
Maybe a department that had been on the DOJ's radar for being reckless with deadly force, particularly with black men, and they'd changed for the better.
也许这个部门曾因鲁莽地使用致命武力而受到司法部的关注，尤其是对黑人，但他们已经变得更好了。
A tall order, I know, but the DOJ had an answer-- Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department.
我知道这是一项艰巨的任务，但司法部有一个答案——拉斯维加斯大都会警察局。
So nice to meet you.
很高兴认识你。
Sean Cole I'm Sean.
肖恩·科尔 我是肖恩。
Um, we're going to go upstairs and talk--
嗯，我们要上楼谈谈——
My fellow producer, Sean Cole, and I visited Las Vegas Police Department together.
我和我的制片人同事肖恩·科尔一起参观了拉斯维加斯警察局。
Things were bad here for a while.
有一段时间这里的情况很糟糕。
Between 2007 and 2011, police shot 104 people, and 11 of those were not justified, according to the Justice Department and the police department itself.
据司法部和警察局本身称，2007 年至 2011 年间，警察枪杀了 104 人，其中 11 人没有正当理由。
And 8 of the 11 problematic shootings were of unarmed black men.
11 起有问题的枪击事件中有 8 起是手无寸铁的黑人男子发生的。
That's the number that got a lot of attention.
这个数字引起了很多人的关注。
The peak of this trend was in 2010.
这一趋势的顶峰出现在2010年。
This is Assistant Sheriff Kirk Primas.
我是助理警长柯克·普里马斯。
He sat down with us in his office.
他和我们一起在他的办公室坐下来。
One is we had a couple high-profile shootings.
一是我们发生了几起引人注目的枪击事件。
They just sparked the interest of the community.
他们只是激发了社区的兴趣。
And the outrage of the community-- in one case, an officer shot and killed Trevon Cole, a small-time pot dealer, during a raid.
社区的愤怒也随之而来——在一次袭击中，一名警官开枪打死了一名小大麻贩子特雷文·科尔(Trevon Cole)。
Cole was 21, black, and unarmed.
科尔 21 岁，黑人，手无寸铁。
The cop who shot him said Cole made a threatening move toward him, but the evidence showed otherwise.
开枪射杀他的警察表示，科尔对他做出了威胁性举动，但证据显示事实并非如此。
Cole's family received a $1.7 million settlement.
科尔的家人获得了 170 万美元的和解金。
The officer involved was suspended for 40 hours.
涉案警员被停职40小时。
As an aside, this Trevon Cole was not the Trevon Cole they were after.
顺便说一句，这个特雷冯·科尔并不是他们想要的特雷冯·科尔。
Then, Assistant Sheriff Primas says, a local newspaper did a five-part expose.
然后，助理警长普里马斯说，当地一家报纸进行了五部分的曝光。
On the number of officer-involved shootings in Last Vegas, a 20 year history of them.
关于上维加斯发生的涉及警官的枪击事件的数量，这是 20 年的历史。
And so it was like a storm of incidents that really told us we need to do something, which we knew already.
所以这就像一场风暴般的事件确实告诉我们我们需要做一些我们已经知道的事情。
So the Las Vegas Police reached out to the Department of Justice.
因此，拉斯维加斯警方联系了司法部。
Or it was the other way around, depending on who you ask.
或者恰恰相反，这取决于你问的是谁。
The DOJ did a nearly year long assessment of the department.
司法部对该部门进行了近一年的评估。
And in 2012, they came back with their results.
2012 年，他们带着结果回来了。
Well, if you've read the report, I believe there was initially 75 recommendations.
好吧，如果您读过该报告，我相信最初有 75 条建议。
75 things the department needed to do to help fix the problem of officers using deadly force inappropriately, shooting unarmed suspects, and particularly unarmed, black men.
该部门需要采取 75 项措施来帮助解决警察不当使用致命武力、射杀手无寸铁的嫌疑人，特别是手无寸铁的黑人的问题。
75 things-- it's interesting to compare this with Miami Gardens, where as you heard, a lot of different things conspired to create a big problem.
75 件事——将其与迈阿密花园进行比较很有趣，正如您所听到的，许多不同的事情共同造成了一个大问题。
Here in Las Vegas, it was going to take a lot of different things to fix a big problem.
在拉斯维加斯，需要采取很多不同的措施才能解决一个大问题。
And here's what strikes you when you look at this list of 75 suggestions.
当您看到这 75 条建议列表时，您会感到震惊。
For one, a lot of them seem obvious.
其一，其中很多看起来都是显而易见的。
Recommendation 22, the department should implement restrictions on when officers may shoot at moving vehicles.
建议 22，该部门应限制警察向行驶中的车辆开枪的时间。
Recommendation number 36, supervisors should be trained on the new use of force policy before they go ahead and train other people on the new use of force policy.
建议 36，主管人员应先接受新的使用武力政策的培训，然后再对其他人员进行新的使用武力政策的培训。
I'm paraphrasing.
我正在转述。
Speaking of, more than one third of these recommendations include some form of the word training or training-- de-escalation training, advanced training in procedural justice.
说到这里，超过三分之一的建议都包含某种形式的“培训”或“培训”一词——降级培训、程序正义高级培训。
Plus, the DOJ recommends organizational changes and changes in the way that use of force cases are investigated.
此外，司法部还建议改变组织结构以及调查使用武力案件的方式。
And this would all seem pretty standard if it weren't for how the Las Vegas Police responded to these suggestions-- which is to say, stunningly well.
如果不是拉斯维加斯警方对这些建议的回应，这一切看起来都相当标准——也就是说，反应得非常好。
They're like the over-achieving star pupil in the class.
他们就像班上成绩优异的明星学生。
The recommendations were voluntary.
这些建议是自愿的。
They didn't have to act on any of them, but Assistant Sheriff Primas told us that the department had already implemented 47 of the 75 recommendations before the DOJ even got around to suggesting them officially.
他们不必对其中任何一项采取行动，但助理警长普里马斯告诉我们，在司法部正式提出建议之前，该部门已经实施了 75 项建议中的 47 项。
These days in Las Vegas, each and every officer involved shooting is investigated by no fewer than five committees.
如今，在拉斯维加斯，每一位参与枪击事件的警官都会受到至少五个委员会的调查。
Assistant Sheriff Primas told us that on one of the committees the civilian members-- that is, people like you and me-- can actually outvote four to three the police members on what direction an investigation should go in.
助理警长普里马斯告诉我们，在其中一个委员会中，平民成员（即像你我这样的人）实际上可以在调查方向上击败四到三名警察成员。
And as a result of all of this, officers who are involved in unjustified shootings are punished more than they were before.
所有这一切的结果是，参与不正当枪击事件的警察受到的惩罚比以前更多。
And by more than before, I mean they weren't before.
比以前更多，我的意思是他们以前没有。
I'm Deputy Chief Kirk Primas.
我是柯克·普里马斯副局长。
This morning at 12:08 hours--
今天凌晨12点08分——
Also, every time there's an officer-involved shooting in Las Vegas now, an official, sometimes Primas himself, shows up at the scene and explains on video what happened.
此外，现在每当拉斯维加斯发生警察参与的枪击事件时，一名官员（有时是普里马斯本人）就会出现在现场，并在视频中解释发生的事情。
And then they put the video up on YouTube just to be as transparent as possible.
然后他们将视频发布到 YouTube 上，以尽可能透明。
One officer discharged their firearm.
一名警官开枪了。
A suspect was hit several times and ran into the bathroom, where she locked the door.
一名嫌疑人被击中数次后跑进浴室，并锁上了门。
And all of these solutions, they worked.
所有这些解决方案都奏效了。
Last year, there were zero unjustified shootings by police in Las Vegas.
去年，拉斯维加斯警察无理枪击事件为零。
And all of these solutions, they worked.
所有这些解决方案都奏效了。
Last year, there were zero unjustified shootings by police in Las Vegas.
去年，拉斯维加斯警察无理枪击事件为零。
But the key reform that Assistant Sheriff Primas has focused on, the one he says is the leading reason that the department has been able to cut down on officer-involved shootings, is number 28 on the DOJ recommendation list.
但助理警长普里马斯所关注的关键改革，他说，这是该部门能够减少涉及警官的枪击事件的主要原因，在司法部推荐清单上排名第 28。
We started a reality-based training program.
我们启动了基于现实的培训计划。
And really what that simply is is we took scenarios, our own department scenarios--
事实上，这就是我们采取的场景，我们自己部门的场景——
So actual events that Las Vegas cops have actually been through.
拉斯维加斯警察确实经历过的真实事件。
--and recreated them-- Sean Cole In a vacant lot with fellow police officers pretending to be criminals.
——并重新创造了它们——肖恩·科尔 (Sean Cole) 在一块空地上，与假装成罪犯的警察同事在一起。
And we made them as realistic as possible, to expose them to the situations where they had to make deadly-force decisions, or force decisions.
我们让他们尽可能现实，让他们面临必须做出致命武力决定或强制决定的情况。
So real cop cars, real police radios.
所以真正的警车，真正的警用无线电。
The bullets are fake, though.
不过子弹是假的。
let me see your hands and get out of the vehicle!
让我看看你的手，然后下车！
Robyn and I watched a couple of these drills.
罗宾和我观看了其中几次演习。
In this one, six officers respond to a pretend carjacking.
在这部电影中，六名警察对一起假装劫车事件做出了回应。
None of them have been told what's going to happen, so they have to just respond like they would in real life.
他们都没有被告知会发生什么，所以他们必须像在现实生活中一样做出反应。
Now, again, the point of this training is to figure out alternative solutions instead of using force, instead of firing your weapon.
现在，再次强调，这次训练的重点是找出替代解决方案，而不是使用武力，而不是开枪。
Sir!
先生！
Sean Cole You may have heard this buzzword recently, de-escalation-- basically, calming a situation down before it hits a boiling point.
肖恩·科尔：你最近可能听说过这个流行词，“降级”——基本上就是在局势达到沸点之前让局势平静下来。
This is what de-escalation sounds like.
这就是降级听起来的样子。
gonna shoot.
会射击。
Step out.
走出去。
You haven't done very much wrong right now.
你现在并没有做太多错事。
You're making it work for yourself.
你正在让它为你自己工作。
I come out, you ain't gonna shoot me, man?
我出来了，你不会开枪打我吧，伙计？
gonna shoot.
会射击。
Put your hands up when you come out the door, straight up in the air.
走出门时，请举起双手，笔直举在空中。
The fake suspect gets out and walks backwards toward the police, who fake arrest him.
假嫌疑人下了车，向后走向警察，警察假装逮捕了他。
No guns were fired.
没有开枪。
This was policing through persuasion.
这是通过说服来维持治安。
Their trainer said they did really well.
他们的教练说他们表现得很好。
keep stepping back now.
现在继续退后一步。
Come back.
回来。
Stop right there.
就停在那里。
Walk back--
往回走——
But the DOJ recommendation I was most interested in was number 4.2.1.
但我最感兴趣的 DOJ 建议是 4.2.1。
"Las Vegas Police should provide its commanders, supervisors, and officers with advanced, specialized training in fair and impartial policing." In other words, implicit bias training.
“拉斯维加斯警察应该为其指挥官、主管和警官提供公平、公正警务方面的先进、专业培训。”换句话说，隐性偏见训练。
I was surprised to learn it was one of the last reforms, of the many reforms, the Vegas police tackled.
我惊讶地发现这是维加斯警方实施的众多改革中最后一项改革之一。
I'd assumed bias training would be one of the first things any department would do.
我原以为偏见培训将是任何部门首先要做的事情之一。
But classes just began in October.
但课程十月份才开始。
Which means they made huge progress --they bought the number of unjust police shootings to zero --months before they asked individual officers to sit down and think about their own biases.
这意味着他们取得了巨大的进步——他们将警察不公正枪击事件的数量减少到了零——几个月前，他们要求个别警察坐下来思考自己的偏见。
There were no classes scheduled when we visited.
我们去的时候没有安排课程。
But we got to talk to a few of the instructors about what they teach, the most candid of whom was Training Officer Marla Stevens.
但我们必须与几位教练讨论他们所教的内容，其中最坦率的是培训官玛拉·史蒂文斯（Marla Stevens）。
She's third-generation police, been with the force for 15 years.
她是第三代警察，已在警队工作了 15 年。
She says cops can be a rough crowd, a really rough crowd, especially if they're at a class that's required and that has the word bias in it.
她说警察可能是一群粗鲁的人，一群非常粗鲁的人，特别是如果他们在一个有要求的班级，而且里面有偏见这个词。
So she's strategic about how she kicks things off.
因此，她对如何启动这件事很有策略。
She says she starts her class by saying, I understand some of you don't want to be here, and I get that.
她说她在上课时会说，我理解你们中的一些人不想来这里，我明白。
I talk about how we got to this place.
我谈谈我们是如何到达这个地方的。
And I tell them, you know, this started with the officer-involved shootings that we had in 2011.
我告诉他们，你知道，这始于 2011 年发生的涉及警官的枪击事件。
The fact is, did we shoot more unarmed black men than we did white?
事实是，我们射杀的手无寸铁的黑人比射杀的白人多吗？
Absolutely, we did.
当然，我们做到了。
And we put those numbers up there and show them to our officers and say, these are the stats.
我们把这些数字放在那里并向我们的官员展示，并说，这些是统计数据。
You can't argue with those numbers.
你无法否认这些数字。
From there, she eases them to the concept of bias, baby steps, first acknowledging biases nobody finds shameful or controversial.
从那时起，她让他们轻松了解偏见的概念，婴儿步骤，首先承认没有人认为可耻或有争议的偏见。
She says her class is filled with truck-loving men, so they talk about the thing that divides them-- Chevy or Ford.
她说她的班级里充满了热爱卡车的男人，所以他们谈论的是让他们分裂的东西——雪佛兰还是福特。
And start the whole fight in the audience of which truck is better.
并在观众中开始整场战斗，看哪辆卡车更好。
Next step, she nudges them toward more personal biases, talks about her own.
下一步，她会引导他们走向更多的个人偏见，并谈论她自己的偏见。
And then she gets to race.
然后她就开始比赛。
And if you can't be honest enough with yourself to say, why am I really stopping this guy?
如果你不能诚实地告诉自己，为什么我真的要阻止这个家伙？
Am I stopping this guy because I just watched him jaywalk and there's something not right here?
我阻止这个人是因为我刚刚看到他乱穿马路而这里有什么不对劲吗？
Or are you stopping him because he's a black guy in a white neighborhood?
或者你因为他是白人社区的黑人而阻止他？
Be honest with yourself.
对自己诚实。
Ask yourself those questions.
问自己这些问题。
And if you have that bias, you need to recognize it.
如果你有这种偏见，你需要认识到它。
That's the first thing, is recognizing that you have it.
这是第一件事，就是认识到你拥有它。
I had been wondering how forceful these trainings were.
我一直想知道这些训练的强度有多大。
These were hard questions she was forcing the cops in her classes to face.
她强迫班上的警察面对这些棘手的问题。
And if you can't fix it, then maybe you're not in the right line of work.
如果你无法解决这个问题，那么也许你没有从事正确的工作。
You know, maybe this isn't for you.
你知道，也许这不适合你。
I'm not afraid to say that to somebody, either.
我也不害怕对别人这么说。
Really?
真的吗？
Marla Stevens Look, I'm at an age now, I just don't care.
玛拉·史蒂文斯：听着，我现在已经到了这个年纪了，我不在乎。
I mean, what's right is right, and what's wrong is wrong.
我的意思是，对的就是对的，错的就是错的。
And if you want to sit around and say, oh, this is all [BLEEP], well, maybe this isn't the place for you.
如果你想坐下来说，哦，这就是全部[BLEEP]，好吧，也许这不适合你。
The takeaway from the class, what I liked most about when they were teaching us about biases, is having a bias isn't being racist.
当他们教我们有关偏见时，我最喜欢的一点是，课堂上的收获是，有偏见并不是种族主义。
This is officer Brett Brosnahan.
我是布雷特·布罗斯纳汉警官。
He's been on the force for six years and took the implicit bias class.
他已经入伍六年了，参加了隐性偏见课程。
He talked with Sean.
他与肖恩交谈。
Having a bias isn't being sexist.
有偏见并不是性别歧视。
It's none of those things.
这些都不是。
Biased is, you know, maybe I've stopped three or four guys that look exactly like this man.
偏见是，你知道，也许我阻止了三四个看起来和这个人一模一样的人。
And every time I've stopped them, I found guns or dope on them.
每次我阻止他们时，我都会在他们身上发现枪支或毒品。
So you just put the trait from the person that was guilty onto the person that's innocent.
所以你只是把有罪的人的特征放在无辜的人身上。
And does that, I mean, does that make you feel bad when you realize that you think that?
我的意思是，当你意识到自己这么想时，你会感到难过吗？
Do you know what I mean, like about yourself?
你知道我的意思吗，比如关于你自己？
It is.
这是。
It's scary because it's not fair.
这很可怕，因为这不公平。
It's not fair for me to assume that this guy's going to have the same background.
我认为这个人有相同的背景是不公平的。
I mean, he might be the CEO of a company, just out for a walk, and didn't want to walk to the crosswalk.
我的意思是，他可能是一家公司的首席执行官，只是出去散步，不想走到人行横道。
I don't know.
我不知道。
These days, whenever Brett rolls up on a situation-- a traffic stop or questioning a suspect, whatever it is-- he says he tries to keep his mind totally open, thinking, this could be anyone.
如今，每当布雷特遇到某种情况时——交通堵塞或审问嫌疑人，无论是什么——他都会说他试图保持完全开放的心态，心想，这个人可能是任何人。
The class also made him reassess something that happened to him that's now legend at the department.
这堂课还让他重新评估发生在他身上的事情，这件事现在已经成为系里的传奇。
It actually happened a month before he took the training, and it was horrible.
这实际上发生在他参加训练前一个月，这太可怕了。
Last June on a Sunday morning, two of Brett's fellow officers were shot to death in a pizza place on the north side of the city.
去年六月的一个周日早上，布雷特的两名同事在该市北侧的一家披萨店被枪杀。
Brett responded to the scene not long after.
没过多久布雷特就回应了这一幕。
The other customers, of course, were freaking out, yelling, he went that way.
当然，其他顾客都吓坏了，大喊大叫，他朝那边走了。
He went that way, meaning the shooter.
他朝那边走去，指的是枪手。
Brett figured it might be a revenge killing of some sort, either against cops in general or these two officers in specific.
布雷特认为这可能是某种报复性杀戮，要么是针对一般警察，要么是针对这两名警官。
In that area, I mean, it's a high gang environment.
我的意思是，在那个地区，这是一个高帮派环境。
There's a lot of gang members there.
那里有很多帮派成员。
And--
还有——
Did you think, male, female, black, white, anything like that?
你有没有想过，男性、女性、黑人、白人，诸如此类？
Male, probably black or Hispanic.
男性，可能是黑人或西班牙裔。
I mean, northeast area part of Las Vegas, it's a large black and Hispanic population.
我的意思是，拉斯维加斯的东北部地区有大量黑人和西班牙裔人口。
So, you know, you go with the odds.
所以，你知道，你就顺其自然吧。
Brett takes off on foot in the direction everyone's pointing and eventually ends up at a Walmart.
布雷特按照每个人指点的方向步行出发，最终到达一家沃尔玛。
Customers, employees, everyone is flooding out of the store screaming.
顾客、员工，每个人都尖叫着从商店里涌出来。
So, now, this isn't just an isolated shooting of two cops.
所以，现在这不仅仅是两名警察的孤立枪击事件。
This is an active shooter in a crowded, public place.
这是一名在拥挤的公共场所发生枪击事件的枪手。
And at this point, the color of the suspect in Brett's mind changes from black or Hispanic to white.
而此时，布雷特脑海中嫌疑人的肤色从黑色或西班牙裔变成了白色。
Brett knows about active-shooter situations.
布雷特了解主动射击者的情况。
He trains other officers in how to deal with these cases.
他培训其他警官如何处理这些案件。
Columbine, Aurora, Sandy Hook-- when Brett thinks active shooter, he thinks young white male.
哥伦拜恩、奥罗拉、桑迪·胡克——当布雷特想到活跃射手时，他想到的是年轻的白人男性。
The whole story is too long to tell here, but in short, Brett ultimately finds himself in an empty Walmart getting ready to ambush the gunman in the automotive section.
整个故事太长，无法在这里讲述，但简而言之，布雷特最终发现自己在一家空荡荡的沃尔玛里，准备在汽车区伏击枪手。
It's a young white male, semi-automatic pistol in his hand.
这是一名年轻的白人男性，手里拿着半自动手枪。
He doesn't see Brett.
他没有看到布雷特。
And I start to make my final turn to get a good angle on him.
我开始进行最后一次转弯，以找到一个好的角度来观察他。
And I come almost face to face with a female, probably four or five feet away.
我几乎与一位女性面对面，距离可能有四五英尺。
And, keep in mind, all this now is happening in fractions of a second.
而且，请记住，现在这一切都发生在不到一秒的时间内。
But my first thought is, why is she in here?
但我的第一个想法是，她为什么在这里？
And then I look more at her and I'm like, she's not a victim.
然后我更多地看着她，我想，她不是受害者。
She's not a customer.
她不是顾客。
She wants to be exactly where she is right now.
她想成为她现在所在的地方。
In all the commotion, people yelling and pointing and telling Brett where the shooter was, no one ever mentioned there were two of them.
在所有的骚乱中，人们大喊大叫，指指点点，告诉布雷特枪手在哪里，但没有人提到有两个人。
Brett and the woman exchanged gunfire from four or five feet away.
布雷特和那个女人在四五英尺外交火。
Miraculously, she missed him.
奇迹般的是，她想念他。
Brett hit her in the shoulder.
布雷特打了她的肩膀。
He ran out of the store and let another team of officers take over.
他跑出了商店，让另一队警察接手。
After a firefight, the male shooter was dead.
交火后，男子枪手身亡。
His wife shot herself in the head.
他的妻子开枪自杀。
So this was what was on Brett's mind when he went into the implicit bias training class a month later.
这就是一个月后布雷特参加内隐偏见培训班时的想法。
When they started to explain that these biases aren't based on being racist, they're not based on being sexist, they're just based on our experience, I was like, oh my gosh.
当他们开始解释这些偏见不是基于种族主义，也不是基于性别歧视，它们只是基于我们的经验时，我当时想，天哪。
I've been teaching this for years.
我多年来一直在教这个。
Active shooters are white guys.
活跃的射手都是白人。
Active shooters, when we role play, are white officers that act as the suspect.
当我们进行角色扮演时，活跃的枪手是扮演嫌疑人的白人警察。
We never throw a female in the mix.
我们从不把女性混入其中。
So I had that aha moment.
所以我有一个顿悟的时刻。
Wow, that's what happened to me.
哇，这就是发生在我身上的事。
I thought that this woman wasn't going to be a threat to me and let her remain as she was a little bit longer than I probably should have.
我认为这个女人不会对我构成威胁，所以让她留下来，因为她比我应该有的时间长了一点。
It was like a real-life version of the computer test that researchers do in the lab.
这就像研究人员在实验室中进行的计算机测试的现实版本。
White female, armed-- shoot or don't shoot?
白人女性，武装——开枪还是不开枪？
And Brett paused for just a second.
布雷特停顿了一秒钟。
I asked my police officer friend in New York, the one I watched the Eric Garner video with, if she thought some sort of bias training would be valuable for the NYPD.
我问我在纽约的警察朋友，也就是我一起观看埃里克·加纳视频的那个人，她是否认为某种偏见培训对纽约警察局有价值。
And she literally rolled her eyes and said it was insulting to tell her she didn't know how to talk to black people.
她简直翻了个白眼，说告诉她她不知道如何与黑人交谈是一种侮辱。
Roughly half of her coworkers at the NYPD aren't white.
她在纽约警察局的同事中大约有一半不是白人。
The thing she felt way more urgently was how hard the past months have been, ever since Eric Garner's death, the hardest for her in all of her years at the NYPD.
她感到更紧迫的是，自从埃里克·加纳去世以来，过去的几个月是多么艰难，这是她在纽约警察局工作以来最艰难的几个月。
She says crowds form when she makes arrests more than ever.
她说，当她逮捕的人比以往任何时候都多时，人群就会形成。
It feels more dangerous.
感觉更危险了。
She feels like she's risking her life every day for a city of people who hate her.
她感觉自己每天都在为这座满是恨她的人冒着生命危险。
She feels alone and threatened.
她感到孤独和受到威胁。
And you know, I have to point out to our classes, too, is the public biased towards us?
你知道，我也必须向我们的班级指出，公众对我们有偏见吗？
Sure they are.
当然是。
Again, Marla Stevens, one of the implicit bias instructors.
再次，玛拉·史蒂文斯（Marla Stevens），隐性偏见导师之一。
She says lots of cops have this feeling my friend has, and it's actually useful in her class, something to talk about.
她说很多警察都有我朋友的这种感觉，这在她的课堂上实际上很有用，值得谈论。
Do they have stereotypes about us?
他们对我们有成见吗？
They most certainly do.
他们肯定会这样做。
Which, you know, it's aggravating, too, so turn that around.
你知道，这也让人恼火，所以扭转局面吧。
You know, if you don't like that being thrown on you by people that don't know you, how do you think that people on the street feel when you prejudge them and you don't them either?
你知道，如果你不喜欢那些不认识你的人对你做出这样的评价，那么当你对街上的人做出预先判断而你也不对他们做出判断时，你认为他们会有什么感觉？
It's the same thing.
这是同样的事情。
And it's like beating your head against the wall, trying to get both sides to understand this concept.
这就像用头撞墙一样，试图让双方都理解这个概念。
You know?
你知道？
It really is.
确实如此。
This week, the FBI director, James Comey, talked about this exact problem of not being able to see each other.
本周，联邦调查局局长詹姆斯·科米谈到了无法见面的具体问题。
Everything I've been hoping a police chief would say after one of these incidents, he said to police.
“我一直希望警察局长在发生这些事件后能说出我所希望的一切，”他对警察说。
He told them, basically, I'm one of you.
他告诉他们，基本上，我是你们中的一员。
My grandfather was a cop.
我的祖父是一名警察。
I have great affection and respect for police officers.
我对警察怀有极大的感情和尊重。
And, he said, there's nothing more American than the conversation we need to have now about race.
他说，没有什么比我们现在需要就种族进行的对话更美国化了。
I am descended from Irish immigrants.
我是爱尔兰移民的后裔。
A century ago, the Irish knew well how American society and law enforcement viewed them-- as drunks, ruffians, and criminals.
一个世纪前，爱尔兰人很清楚美国社会和执法部门如何看待他们——将他们视为酒鬼、恶棍和罪犯。
The Irish had some tough times, but little compares to the experience on our soil of black Americans.
爱尔兰人经历了一些艰难时期，但与美国黑人在我们土地上的经历相比，没有什么可比的。
That experience should be part of every American's consciousness.
这种经历应该成为每个美国人意识的一部分。
And we, especially those of us who enjoy the privilege that comes with being the majority, must confront the biases that are an inescapable part of the human condition.
我们，尤其是我们这些享有多数地位的特权的人，必须面对人类状况中不可避免的偏见。
We must speak the truth about our shortcomings as law enforcement and fight to get better.
我们必须实话实说我们执法方面的缺点，并争取做得更好。
We simply must speak to each other honestly about all these hard truths.
我们必须诚实地彼此谈论所有这些残酷的事实。
Well, our program was produced today by Sean Cole with Stephanie Foo, Chana Joffe-Walt, Miki Meek, Jonathan Menjivar, Brian Reed, Robyn Semien, Alissa Shipp, and Nancy Updike.
今天我们的节目由 Sean Cole 与 Stephanie Foo、Chana Joffe-Walt、Miki Meek、Jonathan Menjivar、Brian Reed、Robyn Semien、Alissa Shipp 和 Nancy Updike 共同制作。
Our senior producer is Julie Snyder.
我们的高级制片人是朱莉·斯奈德。
Editing by Joel Lovell.
乔尔·洛弗尔编辑。
Production help from Simon Adler.
西蒙·阿德勒 (Simon Adler) 提供制作帮助。
Seth Lind is our operations director.
塞思·林德 (Seth Lind) 是我们的运营总监。
Emily Condon is our production manager.
艾米丽·康登 (Emily Condon) 是我们的生产经理。
Elise Bergerson is our office manager.
埃莉斯·伯格森 (Elise Bergerson) 是我们的办公室经理。
Adrianne Mathiowetz runs our website.
阿德琳娜·马修韦茨 (Adrianne Mathiowetz) 负责运营我们的网站。
Elna Baker scouts stories for our show.
艾尔娜·贝克为我们的节目寻找故事。
Research help from Michelle Harris and Christopher Swetala.
米歇尔·哈里斯和克里斯托弗·斯韦塔拉的研究帮助。
Music help from Damien Graef and Rob Geddis.
Damien Graef 和 Rob Geddis 提供音乐帮助。
[ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS] This American Life is delivered to public radio stations by PRX, the Public Radio Exchange.
[致谢]《This American Life》由公共广播电台 PRX 向公共广播电台播出。
Thanks as always to our program's co-founder, Mr. Torey Malatia.
一如既往地感谢我们计划的联合创始人 Torey Malatia 先生。
He wants you to know, he's down.
他想让你知道，他情绪低落。
Oh, you know, I like black people.
哦，你知道，我喜欢黑人。
I like black men.
我喜欢黑人。
I don't have anything against them.
我对他们没有什么反对的。
I'm Ira Glass, back next week with more stories of This American Life.
我是艾拉·格拉斯，下周回来，带来更多《美国生活》的故事。
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。