437: Old Boys Network - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #437 | June 3, 2011 437: Old Boys Network Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 437 集 | 2011 年 6 月 3 日 437：老男孩网络 注：《This American Life》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.
如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue Ira Glass When I sat down to interview this guy, Bill Tobin, he made this request that I don't think anybody's ever made with me in all the years that I've been recording interviews for the radio..
序言 艾拉·格拉斯 当我坐下来采访比尔·托宾这个人时，他提出了这个要求，我认为在我为电台录制采访的这些年里，没有人跟我提出过这个要求。
You can cut out the dead air time, right?
你可以把死气沉沉的时间删掉，对吧？
I have a courtroom style and deposition style that, when you live and die by the words that come out of your mouth, I want to make sure I try to select the most appropriate phrase.
我有一种法庭风格和证词风格，当你的生死取决于你嘴里说的话时，我想确保我尝试选择最合适的短语。
So I have a tendency to be a-- my wife tells me, you're not in the courtroom.
所以我倾向于——我的妻子告诉我，你不在法庭上。
Your speech is too deliberate and too slow.
你说话太刻意而且太慢。
But anyway, you can edit out.
但无论如何，你可以编辑掉。
Yeah, we'll edit out the pauses, yeah.
是的，我们会删除停顿，是的。
Your wife will love you.
你的妻子会爱你的。
When we are done with this, she'll be like--
当我们完成这件事时，她会像——
All right.
好吧。
Ira Glass Bill's a former FBI agent.
艾拉·格拉斯·比尔是前联邦调查局特工。
And back in the early 1970s, he was investigating organized crime and police corruption in Chicago for the FBI.
早在 20 世纪 70 年代初，他就为联邦调查局调查芝加哥的有组织犯罪和警察腐败。
A cop told them how it worked at the time.
一名警察告诉他们当时是如何运作的。
This cop said that, when he was a rookie, just coming on the force--
这位警察说，当他还是一名新人、刚入伍时——
He was taken by his TO around the city-- and TO being a training officer-- and he expressed surprise that they were hitting all of the bowling alleys in their district and other businesses that had liquor licenses.
他的 TO 带着他在城里转了一圈——TO 是一名培训官员——他对他们打遍了他们所在地区的所有保龄球馆和其他拥有酒类许可证的企业表示惊讶。
And he was kind of confused, with all the crime in the city, why they were stopping at bowling alleys.
他有点困惑，这座城市里有那么多犯罪行为，为什么他们要停在保龄球馆。
But he said after they hit a number of them, he was handed a white envelope by his training officer, and he said, here's yours.
但他说，在他们击中其中一些后，他的训练官递给他一个白色信封，他说，这是你的。
And he said he opened it up and there was this wad of money inside.
他说他打开了它，里面有一叠钱。
And he said a light went off, and he kind of said, well, thanks but no thanks.
他说灯灭了，他有点说，好吧，谢谢，但不用了。
I don't want to participate in this.
我不想参与这件事。
This is not my bag, but you don't have to worry about me.
这不是我的包，但你不用担心我。
I'm not going to blow the whistle or dime anybody.
我不会告发任何人或给任何人一毛钱。
So he said, when the next duty roster came out, he found himself on vertical patrol in a place called Cabrini-Green, which at the time was a high-rise housing project that was so pervasive with crimes that, for example, I remember one incident several officers were on an elevator, and residents had stopped the elevator between floors, poured gasoline down the chute, and ignited the gasoline.
所以他说，当下一个值班名单出来时，他发现自己在一个叫卡布里尼-格林的地方进行垂直巡逻，那是一个高层住宅项目，犯罪活动非常普遍，例如，我记得有一次事件，几名警察在电梯上，居民们把电梯停在楼层之间，从滑槽里倒下汽油，然后点燃了汽油。
The place was so bad that they had to actually put an officer every second floor, and they called that vertical patrol.
这个地方太糟糕了，他们不得不每隔两层楼安置一名警察，他们称之为垂直巡逻。
So he worked that for a number of weeks, but he said a number of weeks working vertical patrol and you just basically almost go crazy.
所以他工作了几个星期，但他说，工作几个星期垂直巡逻，你基本上几乎要发疯了。
So he says, at that point, you're willing to do almost anything.
所以他说，到那时，你几乎愿意做任何事情。
And he kind of, after that, began to accept those envelopes.
之后他就开始接受那些信封了。
And he said that was the only way he could get off vertical patrol.
他说这是他摆脱垂直巡逻的唯一方法。
Do you have any sympathy for this guy's dilemma, with the choice he made?
你对这个人的困境和他所做的选择有同情心吗？
Well, to my knowledge, at the time, I would have to say the officer basically only had two choices, either change jobs or agree to go on the take.
嗯，据我所知，当时，我不得不说，该官员基本上只有两个选择，要么换工作，要么同意继续接受。
I mean, realistically or pragmatically, those are the only two choices he had.
我的意思是，无论现实还是务实，这是他仅有的两个选择。
And if you faced that choice, you feel like that'd be clear?
如果你面临这样的选择，你觉得那会很清楚吗？
What to do?
该怎么办？
Absolutely, unequivocally.
绝对的，毫不含糊的。
I mean, to me, police corruption is the height of dishonesty, as far as I'm concerned.
我的意思是，对我来说，警察腐败是最不诚实的行为。
That's what's so insidious about this kind of old boys' network, is that it pulls in bad people and good ones also.
这就是这种老男孩网络的阴险之处，它既吸引坏人，也吸引好人。
You kind of have to take part if you want to stick around.
如果你想留下来，你就必须参加。
You're with them or against them.
你要么支持他们，要么反对他们。
The cop who told him this story really believed that.
告诉他这个故事的警察确实相信这一点。
He said, you know, truth be told, the overwhelming majority of officers with whom I have interactions would do anything for you guys to be able to come in and clean house.
他说，你知道，说实话，与我接触过的绝大多数警官会尽一切努力让你们能够进来打扫卫生。
We really don't want to be on the take, but the peer pressure is just so immense that he said you just have to go with the flow.
我们真的不想接受，但同侪压力太大了，他说你只能随波逐流。
Do you buy that?
你买那个吗？
Bill Tobin Oh, absolutely.
比尔·托宾 哦，当然。
After one of the search warrants that we executed, during the search we recovered a list of payees, and we're showing 90%-plus of the names on the police force were on the list, who were recipients of biweekly or monthly payoffs.
在我们执行一项搜查令后，我们在搜查过程中找到了一份收款人名单，我们显示警察部队中 90% 以上的名字都在名单上，他们是每两周或每月付款的接受者。
Well, today on our radio show, we have two stories.
好吧，今天在我们的广播节目中，我们有两个故事。
One is about people who do not want to go along with the old boy network.
一是关于那些不想跟随老男孩网络的人。
The other is about people who very obediently do go along with it.
另一个是关于那些非常顺从地同意它的人。
And I'm just going to, before we get these started.
在我们开始之前，我要先说一下。
I'm just going to give you a moment here to guess which of these two groups of people, the ones who go along and the ones who don't go along, are now sitting judges in Chicago.
我只是想给你们一点时间来猜测这两类人中的哪一组，同意的人和不同意的人，现在是芝加哥的法官。
From WBEZ Chicago, it's This American Life, distributed by the sinister and all-encompassing old boys' network that is known everywhere on the seven seas and seven continents as Public Radio International.
这是来自 WBEZ 芝加哥的《This American Life》，由险恶而包罗万象的老男孩网络发行，该网络在七大洋和七大洲上广为人知，称为国际公共广播电台。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Stay with us.
留在我们身边。
Act One, Messing With the Bull.
第一幕，与公牛玩耍。
A little over a year ago, in a small west Texas town called Kermit, two nurses were accused of something very strange.
一年多前，在德克萨斯州西部一个名叫克米特的小镇，两名护士被指控犯有一些非常奇怪的行为。
They were accused of harassing a doctor.
他们被指控骚扰医生。
The harassment, basically, was that they complained to the Texas Medical Board, saying that this doctor was performing odd procedures and putting patients in danger.
骚扰基本上是他们向德克萨斯州医学委员会投诉，称这位医生正在执行奇怪的手术并将患者置于危险之中。
The nurses were fired for this, and they were arrested, and they were facing 10 years in prison.
护士因此被解雇，并被捕，面临 10 年监禁。
Their story made the national news.
他们的故事成为全国新闻。
You may have heard of it.
您可能听说过。
It seemed like a classic case of retribution against whistleblowers.
这似乎是一个典型的针对举报人的报复案例。
And one reporter, Saul Elbein, looked into this.
一位名叫索尔·埃尔宾（Saul Elbein）的记者对此进行了调查。
He realized that it was actually a group of powerful men in this small town who went to extreme and even ridiculous lengths to try to bring down these nurses.
他意识到，其实是这个小镇上的一群有权有势的人，不遗余力地想要打倒这些护士。
In particular, one nurse.
特别是一名护士。
Anne Mitchell.
安妮·米切尔.
Here's the story.
故事是这样的。
Anne Mitchell's trial took place last February.
安妮·米切尔的审判于去年二月进行。
It lasted four days, and was filled with so many ridiculous moments that, by the end, it seemed like anything could happen, though Anne's attorney, John Cook, was optimistic.
整个过程持续了四天，充满了许多荒谬的时刻，到最后，似乎任何事情都有可能发生，尽管安妮的律师约翰·库克很乐观。
I got a sense that, we've won.
我有一种感觉，我们赢了。
We had blown them out of the water so hard.
我们用力把他们从水里吹了出来。
I didn't need to tell the jury why we should win.
我不需要告诉陪审团为什么我们应该获胜。
I figured they already knew.
我想他们已经知道了。
And then they stayed out for an hour, and I was hoping for a really quick verdict.
然后他们在外面待了一个小时，我希望能很快得到判决。
So it stretched on an hour.
就这样，时间拉长了一个小时。
When you're waiting for a verdict, an hour is a long time.
当你等待判决时，一个小时是很长的时间。
So we're waiting, we're waiting, we're waiting.
所以我们在等待，我们在等待，我们在等待。
And then suddenly they said, the jury's back.
然后突然他们说，陪审团回来了。
This is Anne Mitchell.
这是安妮·米切尔。
Anne Mitchell And Judge Rex got the papers, and he flipped the page over, and he said, not guilty.
安妮·米切尔和雷克斯法官拿到了文件，他翻了一页，他说，无罪。
Mrs. Mitchell, you're free to go.
米切尔夫人，你可以走了。
Talking to the foreman after the trial, I said, how come it took you so long?
审完后跟领班谈话，我说，你怎么花了这么长时间？
He goes, oh, Mr. Cook, it didn't take that long.
他说，哦，库克先生，没花那么长时间。
We got back there, and I said to them, does anybody think this lady did anything wrong?
我们回到那里，我对他们说，有人认为这位女士做错了什么吗？
And everybody said, no. And he goes, well, they all worked pretty hard, so we better stay in here.
每个人都说，不。他说，好吧，他们都工作得很努力，所以我们最好留在这儿。
We better stay in here and look like we're working, too.
我们最好呆在这里，看起来我们也在工作。
So we sat back there for an hour and we talked about our families.
所以我们坐了一个小时，谈论了我们的家人。
But we could have had that verdict in less than five minutes.
但我们本可以在不到五分钟的时间内得出结论。
The absurd and disturbing events that led to this five-minute, hour-long verdict began in 2008, when Dr. Rolando Arafiles took a job at the one hospital in Kermit, Winkler County Memorial.
导致这一长达五分钟、长达一小时的判决的荒谬而令人不安的事件始于 2008 年，当时罗兰多·阿拉菲莱斯 (Rolando Arafiles) 医生在温克勒县纪念医院克米特 (Kermit) 的一家医院找到了一份工作。
It's tiny, just 19 beds, plus a rural health clinic for non-emergency outpatient care.
它很小，只有 19 张床位，还有一个提供非紧急门诊护理的乡村卫生诊所。
And they couldn't hold on to doctors.
他们也无法留住医生。
It's hard to find anyone who wants to move there.
很难找到愿意搬到那里的人。
Kermit's a tiny, dusty oil town out in the west Texas plains, about 20 miles from the New Mexico border.
克米特是德克萨斯州西部平原上一座尘土飞扬的小石油小镇，距离新墨西哥州边境约 20 英里。
It's the kind of town where tumbleweed really does roll down the main drag in the afternoons.
在这种小镇，风滚草确实会在下午沿着主干道滚滚而下。
One of the nearest towns is called Notrees.
最近的城镇之一叫做Notrees。
But Arafiles seemed happy to settle in Kermit.
但阿拉菲莱斯似乎很高兴在克米特定居。
And when he first came to Winkler Memorial, former nurses and the current board president say everyone was charmed by him.
当他第一次来到温克勒纪念馆时，前护士和现任董事会主席都说每个人都被他迷住了。
He's a super nice guy.
他是一个超级好的人。
He's very charismatic.
他很有魅力。
As a person, he was very friendly, easy to get along with.
作为一个人，他非常友善，很容易相处。
I mean, he was down to earth.
我的意思是，他很脚踏实地。
I'll tell you one thing, Dr. A.
我会告诉你一件事，A 博士。
is not a bad doctor.
不是一个坏医生。
He's a [?
他是一个[?
barstool, ?] a seamstress.
吧凳，？] 一名裁缝。
You cut your head open, man, that guy can sew like crazy.
你把你的头切开，伙计，那家伙可以疯狂地缝纫。
For decades before Arafiles came, the hospital had mostly relied on foreign doctors, under something called the J-1 Visa System.
在 Arafiles 到来之前的几十年里，该医院主要依靠外国医生，并采用 J-1 签证制度。
They would come fresh out of medical school in places like India or Vietnam.
他们刚从印度或越南等地的医学院毕业。
They'd serve for three years, and then they'd move on to a bigger city.
他们服役三年，然后搬到更大的城市。
Their care was mostly good, but they were clearly just biding their time till they could leave.
他们的照顾大多很好，但他们显然只是在等待时机，直到可以离开。
The hospital could only keep two to three doctors on staff at a time.
医院一次只能配备两到三名医生。
But Dr. Arafiles had bought a house in town, and put down roots.
但阿拉菲莱斯博士在城里买了房子，并扎根下来。
He was a native of the Philippines, but he fit in well in Kermit.
他是菲律宾人，但他很融入克米特。
He and his wife joined the Lions Club.
他和他的妻子加入了狮子俱乐部。
They sang in the choir at the Methodist church.
他们在卫理公会教堂的唱诗班唱歌。
It seemed like he was going to give this small town exactly the sort of small town doctor they'd always wanted.
看来他要为这个小镇提供他们一直想要的那种小镇医生。
But pretty quickly, nurses started to get concerned.
但很快，护士们开始担心起来。
I had to go through his charts every day I worked on his side.
我每天在他身边工作时都必须检查他的图表。
This is Debby Eggers, a nurse who worked directly with Arafiles.
这是黛比·埃格斯 (Debby Eggers)，一位直接与阿拉菲莱斯一起工作的护士。
I really never saw him open up a chart to go through it, to see if there's labs that had been done, to see if medications need to be increased, decreased, discontinued.
我真的从未见过他打开图表来查看，看看是否已经做过实验室，看看是否需要增加、减少或停止用药。
Or if patients needed to be on medication at all.
或者患者是否需要接受药物治疗。
Debby says she caught one chart where he put a non-diabetic patient on insulin.
黛比说，她看到了一张图表，其中他让一名非糖尿病患者服用了胰岛素。
It was on a day that I was working on his side, and he had signed something that, I believe it was a pharmacy OK-ing some kind of diabetic medication.
有一天，我在他身边工作，他签署了一份文件，我相信这是一家药房，可以使用某种糖尿病药物。
We had no documentation, no labs, or anything in our chart justifying that this patient was even diabetic.
我们没有任何文件、没有实验室或图表中的任何内容证明该患者甚至患有糖尿病。
When I brought it to his attention, he told me, he said, I like it when you work on my side.
当我引起他注意时，他告诉我，他说，我喜欢你在我身边工作。
He said, you're my eyes.
他说，你是我的眼睛。
I never look at anything.
我从来不看任何东西。
I just sign my name.
我只签我的名字。
Arafiles would diagnose patients without running labs.
Arafiles 无需运行实验室即可诊断患者。
Or if the nurses had run labs, he wouldn't look at those either.
或者，如果护士经营实验室，他也不会看这些。
Maybe this is stating the obvious, but this is really unusual for a doctor.
也许这是显而易见的，但这对于医生来说确实很不寻常。
It's also potentially dangerous.
这也有潜在的危险。
But nurses say Arafiles had his own way of doing things.
但护士们表示，阿拉菲莱斯有自己的做事方式。
Like, for example, how he diagnosed thyroid conditions.
例如，他如何诊断甲状腺疾病。
Debby says he brought in this questionnaire.
黛比说他带来了这份调查问卷。
None of the medical professionals at the hospital had seen it before.
医院里的医疗专业人员以前都没有见过这种情况。
And there would be, like, tests to see, is your skin dry?
还会有一些测试来看看你的皮肤干燥吗？
Are you overweight?
你超重吗？
Is your hair dry?
你的头发干燥吗？
Do you get tired?
你累吗？
Are you fatigued?
你累吗？
Do you sleep a lot?
你睡得很多吗？
Do you not sleep?
你不睡觉吗？
And he would score it, and depending on your score, he would put you on thyroid medicine.
他会给你评分，根据你的评分，他会让你接受甲状腺药物治疗。
I myself took the test.
我自己也参加了测试。
I mean, because we had to make copies, so of course I'm going to see what all the questions are.
我的意思是，因为我们必须复印，所以我当然要看看所有的问题是什么。
I'll take it myself.
我自己来拿。
And yeah, I'd need medicine, because I've got all the symptoms.
是的，我需要药物，因为我有所有症状。
But my lab, it's normal.
但我的实验室，这是正常的。
Naomi Warren was another nurse who saw this happening.
内奥米·沃伦（Naomi Warren）是另一位目睹了这一情况发生的护士。
She ran the clinic at Winkler, and she says Arafiles was really proud of his method of diagnosing thyroid conditions.
她在温克勒经营这家诊所，她说阿拉菲莱斯对他诊断甲状腺疾病的方法感到非常自豪。
He told her, you just look for obesity, extra fat behind the arms.
他告诉她，你只需要寻找肥胖，手臂后面多余的脂肪。
You don't need the labs.
你不需要实验室。
That's not the standard.
那不是标准。
I've never read that anywhere.
我从来没有在任何地方读过。
I told him I could not follow that type of care without some sort of a medical reference to support it.
我告诉他，如果没有某种医学参考资料的支持，我就无法遵循这种类型的护理。
And so, he told me he would give me some references.
因此，他告诉我他会给我一些参考资料。
He brought back two paperback books.
他带回了两本平装书。
Paperback books?
平装书？
Naomi Warren Two paperback books that were obviously alternative medicine.
内奥米·沃伦 两本平装书显然是替代医学。
Frankly, I could only stand to read, kind of look at one, because I just didn't believe any of it.
坦白说，我只能忍受阅读，看一本，因为我根本不相信其中的任何内容。
Naomi says it's not just that he was a big believer in alternative medicine.
内奥米说，这不仅仅是因为他是替代医学的坚定信徒。
He had no consistency.
他没有一致性。
He would take people who had conditions off their medications, and put people who had no need for medications on them.
他会让有病情的人停止用药，而让不需要药物的人继续用药。
Thyroid wasn't the only thing.
甲状腺并不是唯一的问题。
He would take people many times off of their cholesterol medicine or blood pressure medicine and offer an herbal alternative.
他多次让人们放弃胆固醇药物或血压药物，并提供草药替代品。
This really shocked nurses at the hospital.
这着实让医院的护士们震惊了。
Because not only was Arafiles pushing these herbal remedies on patients, he was also selling them.
因为阿拉菲莱斯不仅向患者推销这些草药，而且还出售它们。
One of these herbal medicines was something called Zrii, a fruit juice advertised as being based on the ancient wisdom of the Ayurveda.
其中一种草药是一种叫做 Zrii 的果汁，广告上说它是基于阿育吠陀的古老智慧。
Nurses never saw him sell at the hospital, but it was well known that at the same time Arafiles was working in the hospital, he was holding seminars at the Kermit Pizza Hut and the Methodist church, signing people up as Zrii distributors.
护士们从未见过他在医院推销产品，但众所周知，阿拉菲莱斯在医院工作的同时，他还在克米特必胜客和卫理公会教堂举办研讨会，签约人们成为 Zrii 经销商。
You sell Zrii sort of the same way you sell Tupperware or Amway.
销售 Zrii 的方式与销售特百惠或安利的方式类似。
The more people you sign up to sell for you, the more money you make.
您注册为您销售的人越多，您赚的钱就越多。
He had samples that he gave in the clinic.
他有在诊所提供的样本。
Yeah.
是的。
He had fliers and email alerts, and would give the patient a number to call if they wanted to order it.
他有传单和电子邮件提醒，并且会给病人一个电话号码，如果他们想订购的话可以拨打。
That kind of thing.
那种事。
What he was doing with Zrii and the other supplements he sold wasn't exactly illegal, but it was sketchy as hell.
他对 Zrii 和他出售的其他补充剂所做的事情并不完全违法，但也很粗略。
And a violation of the hospital's policies.
并且违反了医院的政策。
The nurses complained about Arafiles to the chief of staff, Dr. Pham.
护士们向参谋长范博士抱怨阿拉菲莱斯的问题。
At that time, he was the only other doctor there.
当时，他是那里唯一的其他医生。
He refused to talk about it, but nurses say he was just as concerned about things Arafiles was doing.
他拒绝谈论此事，但护士们表示，他同样担心阿拉菲莱斯所做的事情。
He'd bring up issues at medical board and staff meetings.
他会在医疗委员会和员工会议上提出问题。
Naomi Warren says that once she even heard Pham chewing out Arafiles.
娜奥米·沃伦 (Naomi Warren) 说，有一次她甚至听到范 (Pham) 咀嚼阿拉菲莱斯 (Arafiles)。
There was some yelling behind closed doors.
紧闭的门后传来一些叫喊声。
I did hear it.
我确实听到了。
And Dr. Pham at one point told me, we've agreed to disagree.
范博士曾一度告诉我，我们同意不同意。
He'll take care of his patients.
他会照顾他的病人。
I'll take care of mine.
我会照顾好我的。
A lot of nurses took their concerns about Arafiles to Anne Mitchell.
许多护士向安妮·米切尔表达了对阿拉菲莱斯的担忧。
She's the nurse from the beginning of our story who ended up on trial.
她是我们故事一开始的护士，但最终接受了审判。
Anne had spent 30 years as a nurse, 20 of them at Winkler, working her way up.
安妮当了 30 年护士，其中 20 年是在温克勒工作的，是靠自己的努力一步步晋升的。
She'd held pretty much every nursing position, from floor nurse to director of nursing.
她几乎担任过所有护理职位，从楼层护士到护理主任。
When Arafiles arrived, she was the hospital's compliance officer.
当阿拉菲莱斯到达时，她是医院的合规官。
And it was her job to ensure the new doctors met the hospital's criteria.
她的工作就是确保新医生符合医院的标准。
Arafiles didn't.
阿拉菲莱斯没有。
His license was restricted when he came.
他来的时候驾照受到限制。
He could not supervise nurse practitioners.
他无法监督执业护士。
In 2007, the Texas Medical Board investigated Arafiles when he was working at a hospital in Victoria, Texas.
2007年，德克萨斯州医学委员会对阿拉菲莱斯在德克萨斯州维多利亚市一家医院工作时进行了调查。
Basically, it sounds like he was doing the same things there that the nurses would later see in Kermit.
基本上，听起来他在那里做的事情和护士们后来在克米特看到的一样。
The TMB put Arafiles on probation.
TMB 对阿拉菲莱斯实行缓刑。
Anne says, according to Winkler Memorial's bylaws, they never should have hired him.
安妮说，根据温克勒纪念馆的章程，他们根本不应该雇用他。
When I checked with the National Practitioner Data Bank, when he was first hired, that information came back.
当他第一次被聘用时，当我检查国家从业者数据库时，这些信息又回来了。
I took it to the board of control, because I wanted them to understand we were violating the medical staff bylaws and he was in violation of the contract that they signed to have him there.
我把它提交给控制委员会，因为我想让他们明白我们违反了医务人员章程，而他也违反了他们签署的让他在那里的合同。
Why was he hired with a restricted license anyway?
到底为什么他被聘用时持有限制性执照？
I can't answer that.
我无法回答这个问题。
I can only speculate that-- I will tell you this.
我只能推测——我会告诉你这一点。
In far west Texas, we don't have an abundance of people trying to get out here.
在德克萨斯州远西地区，没有太多人试图离开这里。
That's why we had J-1 Visa doctors.
这就是我们拥有 J-1 签证医生的原因。
And you have to wonder why a man in his 50's is not established somewhere.
你一定想知道为什么一个50多岁的男人在某个地方还没有立足之地。
You have to question why somebody at that age, at that time in their life, would want to come to a small town like Kermit, Texas.
你必须问为什么有人在那个年龄、那个人生阶段会想要来到像德克萨斯州克米特这样的小镇。
The person who hired Dr. Arafiles at Winkler Memorial was also a newcomer.
温克勒纪念馆聘请阿拉菲莱斯博士的人也是个新人。
Stan Wiley was the hospital's new administrator.
斯坦·威利是医院的新任管理者。
He'd worked in hospital administration before, but when he was hired at Winkler, he was selling mobile homes.
他以前曾在医院管理部门工作，但当他受聘于温克勒时，他正在销售移动房屋。
And he came in promising the hospital's board that he would bring in more money.
他进来时向医院董事会承诺他会带来更多的钱。
Nurses say that under him, unnecessary tests were run, and admission standards were relaxed.
护士们表示，在他的领导下，进行了不必要的检查，并且放宽了入院标准。
When nurses took their complaints about Arafiles to Wiley, they say he seemed unconcerned.
当护士们向威利投诉阿拉菲莱斯时，他们说他似乎并不关心。
Here's Anne and Naomi.
这是安妮和内奥米。
We were consistently bringing problems to Mr. Wiley.
我们不断地给威利先生带来问题。
The thing about Mr. Wiley is, you could tell him something.
关于威利先生的事情是，你可以告诉他一些事情。
And he'd look you right in the eye and he'd say, good point, good point.
他会直视你的眼睛说，好点，好点。
But he never committed to fixing it.
但他从未承诺修复它。
Every time we discussed it, he bought a house here.
每次我们商量，他就在这里买了房子。
That was the response I got.
这就是我得到的回应。
He bought a house here.
他在这里买了房子。
This is Vickilyn Galle, another nurse whose job it was to review care.
这是另一位护士维琪琳·加勒 (Vickilyn Galle)，她的工作是检查护理情况。
My issue was not where he had real estate.
我的问题不在于他在哪里拥有房产。
My issue was patient care.
我的问题是病人护理。
And that really didn't seem to be, in my opinion, a high priority for them.
在我看来，这似乎并不是他们的首要任务。
So you would come with your patient care concerns and Wiley would say, he bought a house?
所以你会带着你对病人护理的担忧来，威利会说，他买了房子？
Now, all this stuff, not looking at charts, prescribing herbal medicines.
现在，所有这些东西，不看图表，不开草药。
They were egregious.
他们太糟糕了。
But not as shocking as what came next.
但并不像接下来发生的事情那么令人震惊。
Anne and Vicki started getting reports that Arafiles was performing surgeries, and that was odd for two reasons.
安妮和维基开始收到阿拉菲莱斯正在进行手术的报告，这很奇怪，原因有二。
One, Winkler Memorial didn't do surgeries.
第一，温克勒纪念馆不做手术。
They hadn't had a surgeon on staff in decades, and any non-emergency surgeries were supposed to be sent to the hospital in Odessa, 40 miles away.
他们已经几十年没有外科医生了，任何非紧急手术都应该送到 40 英里外敖德萨的医院。
The other problem, Dr. Arafiles wasn't a surgeon.
另一个问题是，阿拉菲莱斯医生不是外科医生。
He was a family practice doctor.
他是一名家庭医生。
One surgery he performed was on a 73-year-old diabetic who came in with a gash on his hand.
他为一名 73 岁的糖尿病患者进行了一次手术，这名患者的手上有一道伤口。
Arafiles cut a strip out of the man's abdomen, and performed a skin graft himself, right there in the emergency room.
阿拉菲莱斯从这名男子的腹部切下一条带子，并在急诊室亲自进行了植皮手术。
Debby Eggers was at the clinic when the man came in for a follow-up.
当该男子前来进行随访时，黛比·艾格斯正在诊所。
When I first saw it, the hand looked good, good blood supply, didn't look like it was infected.
当我第一次看到它时，手看起来很好，血液供应良好，看起来没有感染。
The next time I saw it, it was black, hard like charcoal, and I couldn't see any blood supply or anything.
当我下次看到它时，它是黑色的，坚硬得像木炭一样，我看不到任何血液供应或任何东西。
I just thought the site did not take.
我只是以为该网站没有采取。
Did Arafiles ever follow up with this guy?
阿拉菲莱斯有跟踪过这个人吗？
Did he see that the guy's graft had turned black?
他有没有看到那家伙的移植物已经变黑了？
Yes.
是的。
After we unwrap it and stuff, he goes in there and he assessed the site.
我们打开包装后，他进去评估了现场。
The patient actually told me that Dr. Arafiles called this his masterpiece.
病人实际上告诉我阿拉菲莱斯医生称这是他的杰作。
He thought it was OK and it was taking and there was no problems.
他认为这还可以，而且正在花费时间，没有任何问题。
I just want to make sure I've got this right.
我只是想确保我做对了。
This guy has a giant black patch on the back of his hand, and Arafiles looks at it, and what does he say?
这家伙的手背上有一个巨大的黑斑，阿拉菲莱斯看着它，他说什么？
That it looked good and come back in two weeks.
看起来不错，两周后就回来了。
Debbie told Naomi Warren and the hospital's chief of staff what she'd seen.
黛比将她所看到的情况告诉了内奥米·沃伦和医院的幕僚长。
They referred the patient to a hand surgeon in Odessa.
他们将患者转介给敖德萨的一位手外科医生。
Another patient came in with a compound fracture on his thumb.
另一名患者的拇指复合性骨折。
Arafiles wanted to protect the thumb after he stabilized it, so he cut off a piece of rubber from the packaging of a suture kit and he sewed it on to the patient's thumb.
阿拉菲莱斯在稳定拇指后想保护它，所以他从缝合套件的包装上切下一块橡胶，并将其缝在患者的拇指上。
Now, normally it isn't nurses or even hospital administrators who are supposed to oversee doctors.
现在，通常不应该由护士甚至医院管理人员来监督医生。
It's other doctors.
是其他医生。
Since Winkler County only had two or three doctors at a time, their performance was reviewed by outside, statewide medical boards.
由于温克勒县一次只有两到三名医生，他们的表现由外部全州医疗委员会进行审查。
One of these boards was a peer review service for rural hospitals provided by Texas A&M University.
其中一个委员会是德克萨斯农工大学为乡村医院提供的同行评审服务。
Part of Vicki Galle's job was to send records to this peer review system.
Vicki Galle 的部分工作是将记录发送到该同行评审系统。
Sometimes they were files that were flagged for questionable care.
有时，它们是被标记为可疑护理的文件。
Sometimes they were just random files.
有时它们只是随机文件。
It was standard practice for rural hospitals across the state, and the way it had worked at Winkler for years.
这是全州乡村医院的标准做法，也是温克勒多年来的工作方式。
Until one day, when Stan Wiley, the hospital administrator, called Vicki into his office.
直到有一天，医院管理员斯坦·威利把维琪叫到他的办公室。
I came in and sat down.
我进来坐下。
I don't know if I was in his office over a minute.
我不知道我在他的办公室里呆了是否超过一分钟。
He was sitting there doing numbers, as he usually is.
他像往常一样坐在那里做数字。
And he would use a ruler because he had lost one eye.
他会使用一把尺子，因为他失去了一只眼睛。
And he looked up at me and said, don't send out any more records.
他抬头看着我说，不要再发出任何记录了。
I'll let you know when you can resume.
我会通知您什么时候可以恢复。
And that was it.
就是这样。
He said, that's it, you can go.
他说，就这样吧，你可以走了。
What was your reaction?
你的反应是什么？
Vickilyn Galle I was very upset.
Vickilyn Galle 我非常沮丧。
I went back to my office, talked to Anne about it when she came.
我回到办公室，当安妮来的时候，我和她谈了这件事。
And it just seemed to me to further show that they were trying to keep everything in house.
在我看来，这进一步表明他们试图将一切都保留在内部。
In my opinion, we were going to deliver substandard care and just cover it up.
在我看来，我们将提供不合格的护理并掩盖它。
Anne, Vicki, and Naomi had become the main stopgap against what they saw as Arafiles' substandard care.
安妮、维基和内奥米成为了他们认为阿拉菲莱斯不合格护理的主要权宜之计。
All of them kept trying to bring up their concerns at medical staff meetings and board meetings, but they were ignored.
他们所有人都试图在医务人员会议和董事会会议上提出自己的担忧，但都被忽视了。
Meetings scheduled to discuss Arafiles' care kept getting cancelled.
原定讨论阿拉菲莱斯护理问题的会议不断被取消。
This is when some nurses at the hospital decided they'd had enough.
这时，医院的一些护士决定他们已经受够了。
In February 2009, Naomi Warren quit.
2009 年 2 月，内奥米·沃伦 (Naomi Warren) 辞职。
At her final board meeting, Naomi tried to give a speech to explain why she was leaving.
在最后一次董事会会议上，内奥米试图发表讲话来解释她离开的原因。
She said that it was a doctor's responsibility to submit his care to outside review, that if the board wanted a quality hospital, they must insist on quality patient care.
她说，医生有责任将他的护理提交给外部审查，如果董事会想要一家高质量的医院，他们必须坚持高质量的患者护理。
That otherwise, Kermit's shiny new hospital would be a useless building.
否则，克米特闪亮的新医院将成为一座无用的建筑。
During my talk, the board chairman was walking around the room, adjusting lights, causing such a distraction.
在我演讲期间，董事长在房间里走来走去，调整灯光，造成了如此分散的注意力。
That I thought I was going to-- I asked him once if I should start over.
我以为我会——有一次我问他我是否应该重新开始。
It was clear to me he wasn't interested in what I had to say.
我很清楚他对我要说的话不感兴趣。
And he really didn't want anybody else to hear it either, I guess.
我猜他也真的不想让其他人听到。
The chief of staff and at least two other nurses left the hospital around the same time.
参谋长和至少另外两名护士大约在同一时间离开医院。
With Naomi gone, Anne and Vicki felt they had only one option, reporting Dr. Arafiles to the Texas Medical Board.
内奥米去世后，安妮和维基觉得他们只有一个选择，向德克萨斯州医学委员会报告阿拉菲莱斯医生的情况。
It was a big deal, sort of the last straw.
这是一件大事，有点像最后一根稻草。
Anne says she and Naomi and Vicki had long conversations about what to do.
安妮说，她和内奥米和维基就该做什么进行了长时间的交谈。
Finally, I told her, I said, we have to do something because I don't know what else is going on that we don't know about.
最后我告诉她，我说，我们必须做点什么，因为我不知道还有什么我们不知道的事情。
Anne and Vicki sat down and wrote their letter together.
安妮和维基坐下来一起写信。
Anne was at the keyboard, typing it on her computer.
安妮坐在键盘前，在电脑上打字。
Naomi wrote a letter also.
内奥米也写了一封信。
She signed hers.
她签了自己的。
Anne and Vicki left theirs anonymous.
安妮和维基匿名了。
They put both letters together in one envelope.
他们把两封信放在一个信封里。
Anne told Naomi she'd mail the package from Odessa.
安妮告诉内奥米她将从敖德萨邮寄包裹。
She didn't want to take the risk of mailing it from Kermit.
她不想冒险从克米特寄出它。
Here's Anne.
这是安妮。
I knew that if Mr. Wiley found out that we had sent that letter in that he would do everything he could to fire us from our positions.
我知道，如果威利先生发现我们寄出了那封信，他会尽一切努力解雇我们。
And I said, Anne, don't be ridiculous, they can't find out.
我说，安妮，别开玩笑了，他们查不到。
This is confidential.
这是保密的。
It's protected.
它受到保护。
They're never going to find out that we did it.
他们永远不会发现是我们干的。
And I was a little bit put out with her, because I thought, why are you being so cautious?
我对她有点不高兴，因为我想，你为什么这么谨慎？
Why are you being so upset?
你为什么这么难过？
When, in fact, I should have realized, I'm leaving.
事实上，当我应该意识到时，我要离开。
I don't have to face the scrutiny of Winkler County and the officials there.
我不必面对温克勒县和那里官员的审查。
She had a much better pulse on the type of people we were dealing with.
她对我们所面对的人类型有更好的把握。
Coming up, how a confidential letter ends up in the hands of exactly the people that it is supposed to be kept confidential from, and what kinds of things can happen as a result of that.
接下来，一封机密信件如何最终到达本应保密的人手中，以及因此会发生什么样的事情。
Saul Elbein's story continues, from Chicago Public Radio and Public Radio International, when our program continues.
当我们的节目继续时，芝加哥公共广播电台和国际公共广播电台的索尔·埃尔拜因的故事仍在继续。
It's This American Life.
这就是美国生活。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
If you're just tuning in, our show today is about old boys' networks.
如果您刚刚收看，我们今天的节目是关于老男孩网络的。
And we're in the middle of Act One, a story about some nurses who sent a letter off to the Texas Medical Board about what they saw as one doctor's questionable practices, and then they found themselves tangling with all kinds of powerful people in their town.
我们正处于第一幕的中间，故事讲述了一些护士向德克萨斯州医学委员会寄了一封信，讲述他们认为一位医生的可疑做法，然后他们发现自己与镇上各种有权势的人纠缠在一起。
When we left off, Anne Mitchell and two other nurses had just sent off their letters to the TMB.
当我们离开时，安妮·米切尔和另外两名护士刚刚给 TMB 寄出了信件。
Here's reporter Saul Elbein.
请听记者索尔·埃尔宾报道。
Six weeks later, Anne Mitchell started to hear strange rumors that the Winkler County sheriff, Robert Roberts, was doing an investigation.
六周后，安妮·米切尔开始听到奇怪的谣言，称温克勒县警长罗伯特·罗伯茨正在进行调查。
Word was that he was trying to find out who had complained about Dr. Arafiles.
有消息称，他正试图找出是谁对阿拉菲莱斯博士提出了抱怨。
There was one person in the hospital that notified a friend of mine, who called me and said, Roberts is going to arrest somebody over this.
医院里有人通知了我的一位朋友，他打电话给我说，罗伯茨将因此逮捕某人。
Do you know who did it?
你知道是谁干的吗？
Well, of course, I'm not going to say anything.
嗯，当然，我不会说什么。
I said, are you kidding me?
我说，你开玩笑吧？
No, Anne, he's looking to arrest somebody.
不，安妮，他想要逮捕某人。
I said, I can't believe that.
我说，我简直不敢相信。
Then I had another person who works in the hospital, she called me and she said that, if someone wasn't arrested for this, that Dr. Arafiles and Mr. Beckham were going to be very upset.
然后我有另一个在医院工作的人，她打电话给我，她说，如果有人因此而被捕，阿拉菲莱斯医生和贝克汉姆先生将会非常不安。
Bill Beckham was the hospital's board president.
比尔·贝克汉姆是该医院的董事会主席。
I knew that I had the right to do that.
我知道我有权这样做。
I had the right to question poor care.
我有权质疑糟糕的护理。
I had the right to report anything that I thought was inappropriate.
我有权举报任何我认为不适当的事情。
And I really felt that we had nursing laws in place that protected me.
我真的觉得我们制定了护理法来保护我。
And then I began to hear that, no, he's going to arrest whoever sent that letter in for harassment.
然后我开始听说，不，他会逮捕发这封信的人进行骚扰。
And I thought, OK, what do I do now?
我想，好吧，我现在该怎么办？
We need to find someone just in case.
我们需要找人以防万一。
Just in case this happens.
以防万一发生这种情况。
And so I called John Cook.
于是我给约翰·库克打了电话。
And when she called, I think the first thing she said is, I'm not crazy.
当她打电话时，我想她说的第一句话是，我没有疯。
This is John Cook, Anne Mitchell's attorney during the trial.
这是约翰·库克，安妮·米切尔在审判期间的律师。
Both he and Anne say that the initial conversation was a little awkward.
他和安妮都说最初的谈话有点尴尬。
Our conversation consisted largely of, Anne, tell me what you did wrong.
我们的谈话主要内容是，安妮，告诉我你做错了什么。
I would reiterate everything and he would say, yes, but tell me what you did wrong.
我会重申一切，他会说，是的，但请告诉我你做错了什么。
Quite honestly, I didn't believe what she was telling me.
老实说，我不相信她告诉我的话。
So I asked her if I could call her back, and I called a judge out in Kermit by the name of Bonnie Leck, who was the county court judge.
所以我问她是否可以给她回电话，然后我打电话给克米特的一位法官，名叫邦妮·莱克，她是县法院的法官。
And I said, hey, Bonnie, this lady called me.
我说，嘿，邦妮，这位女士打电话给我。
And immediately she said, she's not crazy, John.
她立即说，她没有疯，约翰。
And I said, really?
我说，真的吗？
Are they that stupid?
他们有那么蠢吗？
And her response was, they are going to do something.
她的回答是，他们会做一些事情。
I was sure in my mind that once Sheriff Roberts started investigating and looked at what a nurse could and could not do and what was appropriate, that he would realize there's nothing in this letter that was inappropriate.
我心里确信，一旦罗伯茨警长开始调查并了解护士能做什么、不能做什么以及什么是适当的，他就会意识到这封信中没有任何不适当的地方。
There was nothing in there that said he's a rotten guy, I don't like him.
没有什么可以说他是个烂人，我不喜欢他。
There was nothing personal at all.
根本没有什么私人的。
It was all about how he practiced medicine.
这一切都与他如何行医有关。
Winkler County sheriff, Robert Roberts, is a big man with a big voice.
温克勒县警长罗伯特·罗伯茨是个大人物，声音很大。
He's pretty much what comes to mind when you hear the words, "West Texas Sheriff." And if you're wondering, like Anne was, why the county sheriff would launch a criminal investigation into a formal complaint to a medical board, there's this to consider.
当你听到“西德克萨斯州警长”这个词时，你脑海中浮现的几乎就是他。如果您像安妮一样想知道为什么县治安官会对向医疗委员会提出的正式投诉进行刑事调查，那么您需要考虑这一点。
Roberts was good friends with Arafiles.
罗伯茨与阿拉菲莱斯是好朋友。
The sheriff and the doctor played golf together.
警长和医生一起打高尔夫球。
Roberts and his wife sold the herbal supplement, Zrii, for the Doctor.
罗伯茨和他的妻子为医生出售了草药补充剂 Zrii。
And Roberts says that Arafiles had saved his life when he had a heart attack in 2008..
罗伯茨说，2008 年他心脏病发作时，阿拉菲莱斯救了他的命。
So when the Texas Medical Board sent Arafiles a letter telling him they had received a complaint about him and he was under investigation, he went to Sheriff Roberts and said he was being harassed.
因此，当德克萨斯州医学委员会给阿拉菲莱斯发了一封信，告诉他他们收到了有关他的投诉并且他正在接受调查时，他去找警长罗伯茨并说他受到了骚扰。
Roberts turned around and started his own investigation.
罗伯茨转身开始自己的调查。
But Roberts was missing his main piece of evidence, the actual letter the nurses had sent to the TMB.
但罗伯茨遗漏了他的主要证据，即护士们寄给 TMB 的实际信件。
All he had was the notice that the TMB sent to Arafiles, saying they were looking into certain patient case numbers.
他所掌握的只是 TMB 发给 Arafiles 的通知，称他们正在调查某些患者病例数。
So Roberts took these case numbers and interviewed the corresponding patients.
因此罗伯茨拿着这些病例编号并采访了相应的患者。
Taking this step was illegal.
采取这一步骤是非法的。
It was a breach of patient confidentiality.
这是侵犯患者隐私的行为。
Because of pending criminal cases, Dr. Arafiles, Sheriff Roberts, Stan Wiley, and others are under a gag order and couldn't comment for this story.
由于刑事案件悬而未决，阿拉菲莱斯博士、罗伯茨警长、斯坦·威利和其他人都受到禁言令，无法对本文发表评论。
It's unclear how Roberts got the patients' contact information in the first place.
目前尚不清楚罗伯茨最初是如何获得患者的联系信息的。
In any event, none of the patients said they'd filed a complaint.
无论如何，没有一个患者表示他们已提出投诉。
So Roberts knew it must have come from inside Winkler Memorial.
所以罗伯茨知道它一定来自温克勒纪念馆内部。
So next, he got a list of 21 people who would have had access to the patient records.
接下来，他得到了一份可以访问患者记录的 21 人名单。
Both Vickilyn and Anne were on there.
维琪琳和安妮都在那里。
What happened then was the Sheriff came to the hospital and interviewed both of us, Vickilyn and I.
然后发生的事情是警长来到医院并采访了我们，维吉琳和我。
And he had the bylaws in my face, saying you can't do any outside reporting.
他当面向我提出章程，说你不能做任何外部报告。
I told him, a nurse can't be arrested for reporting their concerns to the Texas Medical Board.
我告诉他，护士不能因为向德克萨斯州医学委员会报告他们的担忧而被捕。
Obviously, he didn't believe me when I said that.
显然，当我这么说的时候，他并不相信我。
And he kept asking me about policies and procedures and how my job worked and different things.
他一直问我有关政策和程序以及我的工作如何进行以及其他问题。
And then he asked me, he said, now, Annie, I'm going to read this to you, and I don't want you to be scared.
然后他问我，他说，现在，安妮，我要读这个给你听，我不想让你害怕。
And I said, OK.
我说，好吧。
And he Mirandized me.
他把我米兰化了。
And I just looked at him, I said, OK.
我只是看着他，我说，好吧。
He said, now, I'm going to ask you a question.
他说，现在我要问你一个问题。
And I said, I'm not answering any of your questions, Robert.
我说，我不会回答你的任何问题，罗伯特。
I'm working out here in a hostile environment.
我在一个充满敌意的环境中锻炼。
I'm going to call my attorney.
我要打电话给我的律师。
And I left.
然后我就离开了。
At this point, Roberts still hadn't seen the letter he was investigating.
此时，罗伯茨还没有看到他正在调查的那封信。
So he had to get a copy.
所以他必须得到一份副本。
Roberts wrote a letter asking the TMB for the complaint against Arafiles, and they sent it to him.
罗伯茨写了一封信，要求 TMB 对阿拉菲莱斯提出投诉，他们将其寄给了他。
By law, the board is required to turn over information.
根据法律规定，董事会必须移交信息。
It's just that simple.
就是这么简单。
This is Leigh Hopper.
这是利·霍珀。
She's a spokesperson for the Texas Medical Board.
她是德克萨斯州医学委员会的发言人。
The sheriff contacted the medical board and asked us for information relating to the investigation of Dr. Arafiles.
治安官联系了医疗委员会，并向我们询问有关阿拉菲莱斯医生调查的信息。
And I think there was a cover letter that said that the identity of the complainants has to be treated as confidential, and it's protected by law and only used in connection with the criminal investigation of the doctor.
我认为有一封求职信说，投诉人的身份必须保密，受法律保护，并且仅用于与医生的刑事调查有关的情况。
And that it is not to be used for anything else.
并且不得将其用于其他任何用途。
You guys sent the letter with the assumption that it was being used in an investigation of Arafiles?
你们寄出这封信的前提是它被用于对 Arafiles 的调查？
Right, because anything else would have been illegal.
是的，因为其他任何事情都是非法的。
So Roberts has Anne and Vicki's letter.
所以罗伯茨有安妮和维基的信。
Now, remember, Anne and Vicki's letter was anonymous, but they didn't work too hard to conceal their identities.
现在，请记住，安妮和维基的信是匿名的，但他们并没有太努力地隐藏自己的身份。
In explaining why the letter is anonymous, the last paragraph of the letter states that, quote, "Due to the economic climate, the fact that I am over 50, female, and have been employed by this facility since the 1980s, I am hesitant to place a signature on this information."
在解释为什么这封信是匿名的时，信的最后一段指出，“由于经济形势，我已经 50 多岁了，女性，自 20 世纪 80 年代以来一直受雇于这家机构，我很犹豫是否要在此信息上签名。”
There were only two employees who matched that description, Anne and Vickilyn.
只有两名员工符合这一描述，安妮和维吉琳。
But Roberts still didn't have any solid evidence to connect them to the complaint.
但罗伯茨仍然没有任何确凿的证据将他们与投诉联系起来。
For that, he needed a search warrant.
为此，他需要搜查令。
That, and the cooperation of another powerful man in Kermit, Scott Tidwell.
这，还有克米特另一位有权势的人斯科特·蒂德韦尔的合作。
Scott Tidwell is the Winkler County attorney.
斯科特·蒂德韦尔是温克勒县检察官。
This is Beau Berman.
这是博·伯曼。
He covered the story for local CBS affiliate, KOSA-TV, in Odessa.
他为敖德萨当地的 CBS 附属机构 KOSA-TV 报道了这个故事。
Because the actual district attorney was ill, Scott Tidwell took over the prosecuting duties.
由于实际的地区检察官生病了，斯科特·蒂德韦尔接管了起诉职责。
And some may argue that there's a conflict of interest there, because he was also the personal attorney for Dr. Arafiles and Sheriff Robert Roberts.
有些人可能会认为这存在利益冲突，因为他也是阿拉菲莱斯博士和警长罗伯特·罗伯茨的私人律师。
Not only was Tidwell Arafiles' and Robert's attorney, he was also the hospital's attorney, which meant that he was often in board meetings when the nurses were bringing up their concerns about Arafiles.
他不仅是蒂德韦尔·阿拉菲莱斯和罗伯特的律师，而且还是医院的律师，这意味着当护士们提出对阿拉菲莱斯的担忧时，他经常出席董事会会议。
And he was in on the decisions to ignore Anne and Vicki's concerns.
他也决定忽视安妮和维基的担忧。
Beau Berman says that when all this came out in the courtroom, people lost it.
博·伯曼说，当这一切在法庭上传出时，人们失去了理智。
There was just this chatter that overtook the courtroom, this almost laughter when people found that out.
当人们发现这一点时，法庭上充满了议论声，几乎是笑声。
Because it just seemed so ridiculous that this county attorney had such a close relationship-- and actually had clients-- that were so closely involved to this case.
因为这位县检察官与此案有着如此密切的关系——而且实际上有客户——与此案密切相关，这看起来太荒谬了。
It was like a farce, honestly.
老实说，这就像一场闹剧。
This whole deal was almost like a satire.
整个交易几乎就像一场讽刺。
At times, you couldn't believe this was happening.
有时，你简直不敢相信这一切正在发生。
And so, Scott Tidwell talks about how he golfs with the sheriff, how he's also the sheriff's personal attorney, but then denied that there was any sort of conflict of interest or that he was just prosecuting this case because he liked the sheriff.
因此，斯科特·蒂德韦尔（Scott Tidwell）谈到了他如何与治安官打高尔夫球，以及他如何也是治安官的私人律师，但随后否认存在任何利益冲突，或者他只是因为喜欢治安官而起诉此案。
Or because he knew him.
或者是因为他认识他。
Or anything like that.
或者类似的东西。
And Scott Tidwell doesn't have the best name in Odessa.
斯科特·蒂德韦尔（Scott Tidwell）在敖德萨并没有最好的名字。
He was involved in a prior incident in Odessa.
他参与了敖德萨之前的一起事件。
But you can research that on your own, probably.
但你可能可以自己研究一下。
I did research it.
我确实研究过。
What Beau is referring to is something that takes this case to a whole new level of seediness.
博所指的是将这个案子带到了一个全新的肮脏程度。
In 2004, Scott Tidwell had been charged in a scandal involving a massage parlor called The Healing Touch.
2004 年，斯科特·蒂德韦尔 (Scott Tidwell) 因涉及一家名为“The Healing Touch”的按摩院的丑闻而被指控。
The Healing Touch was the subject of a year-long prostitution investigation that resulted in 61 arrests.
“治愈之触”是一项长达一年的卖淫调查的主题，导致 61 人被捕。
According to press accounts, Tidwell was a client, and he threw parties with prostitutes for some of his firm's clients.
据媒体报道，蒂德韦尔是公司的客户，他为公司的一些客户举办了与妓女的聚会。
He was charged with prostitution and promoting prostitution.
他被指控卖淫和怂恿卖淫。
He pled guilty to the prostitution charge, and the other charges were dismissed.
他承认了卖淫指控，其他指控也被驳回。
Tidwell left Odessa shortly after and moved to Kermit, where he ran for county attorney.
蒂德韦尔不久后离开敖德萨，搬到克米特，在那里竞选县检察官。
Sheriff Roberts campaigned for him.
罗伯茨警长为他竞选。
In any case, with Tidwell's help, Sheriff Roberts got a warrant to seize Anne and Vicki's computers.
无论如何，在蒂德韦尔的帮助下，罗伯茨警长获得了扣押安妮和维基电脑的搜查令。
Anne had a part-time gig in Kermit's Homeland Security office, and there, in the My Documents folder of Anne's Homeland Security computer, Roberts found what he was looking for.
安妮在克米特的国土安全部办公室做兼职，罗伯茨在安妮的国土安全部计算机的“我的文档”文件夹中找到了他要找的东西。
Anne and Vickilyn's letter to the TMB.
Anne 和 Vickilyn 给 TMB 的信。
Two weeks later, Stan Wiley fired Anne and Vicki.
两周后，斯坦·威利解雇了安妮和维基。
10 days after that, they were both indicted.
10天后，他们双双被起诉。
But looking at the facts of the case, it's pretty obvious that the only nurse they were after was Anne Mitchell.
但从案件的事实来看，很明显他们唯一追捕的护士是安妮·米切尔。
Roberts didn't know that Vicki had collaborated on the letter until she told him.
罗伯茨并不知道维姬与她合作写了这封信，直到她告诉他。
And even though Naomi had signed her letter, he never investigated her.
尽管内奥米签署了她的信，但他从未调查过她。
He never even talked to her about it.
他甚至从未和她谈论过这件事。
Everyone in town says that Naomi was so beloved that there was no way they'd go after her.
镇上的每个人都说内奥米是如此受人喜爱，他们不可能追捕她。
But why Anne?
但为什么是安妮呢？
I asked Naomi about it.
我向内奥米询问了此事。
Anne had come from upstate New York, but she moved to Texas over 20 years ago.
安妮来自纽约州北部，但 20 多年前搬到了德克萨斯州。
She married an oil roughneck.
她嫁给了一个石油钻工。
She speaks with more than a hint of a Texas accent.
她说话带有一丝德克萨斯口音。
But Naomi says there was something about Anne that stood out.
但内奥米说安妮有一些突出的地方。
When you come to an area like west Texas, there's a certain culture here.
当你来到德克萨斯州西部这样的地区时，这里有一种特定的文化。
You don't roll in and say what you think, especially to a lot of men.
你不会主动说出你的想法，尤其是对很多男人。
So I think that she was unintentionally pushy, but that that's her way.
所以我认为她无意中咄咄逼人，但这就是她的方式。
She says what she thinks.
她说她的想法。
She doesn't play the southern belle.
她演的不是江南美女。
Which Vicki does?
维琪是哪一个？
Naomi Warren Yes, and I to a certain extent, because we're old southern gals.
内奥米·沃伦（Naomi Warren）是的，在某种程度上我也是，因为我们都是南方老姑娘。
That's the way it is.
事情就是这样。
So I don't think she went over really well with the good ol' boys.
所以我认为她和那些好孩子们相处得不太好。
From the beginning, it was clear that Scott Tidwell's case against Anne and Vicki was weak.
从一开始，斯科特·蒂德韦尔对安妮和维基的指控就很明显是薄弱的。
The charge was misuse of official information.
该指控是滥用官方信息。
Essentially, the accusation was that the nurses harassed Arafiles simply by sending their letter to the Texas Medical Board.
本质上，指控是护士们仅仅通过向德克萨斯州医学委员会寄信来骚扰阿拉菲莱斯。
It was a felony charge.
这是一项重罪指控。
Anne and Vicki were facing a possible $10,000 fine and 10 years in prison.
Anne 和 Vicki 可能面临 10,000 美元罚款和 10 年监禁。
But in July, a month after they were indicted, Tidwell made their lawyer, John Cook, an offer.
但在七月，即他们被起诉一个月后，蒂德韦尔向他们的律师约翰·库克提出了要约。
They wrote us a letter, and told us that if they would not contest their firing, if they would release Winkler County and the hospital from any type of civil liability, that they would dismiss the criminal case.
他们给我们写了一封信，告诉我们，如果他们不对解雇提出异议，如果他们愿意免除温克勒县和医院的任何民事责任，他们就会驳回刑事案件。
And what that really is saying is, if you all would just go away, we'll leave you alone.
这句话真正的意思是，如果你们都走开，我们就不打扰你们了。
I believe that they got to the point where they thought the only way that they could get out of this thing was to convict Anne Mitchell.
我相信他们已经到了认为摆脱这件事的唯一方法就是给安妮·米切尔定罪的地步。
They saw that as a way that, yes, this is not going well.
他们认为，是的，这种方式进展并不顺利。
But if we get a conviction, it'll be OK.
但如果我们得到定罪，那就没问题了。
After jury selection, I had a private talk with Mr. Tidwell.
选出陪审团后，我与蒂德韦尔先生进行了私下交谈。
And I told him, I said, Scotty, you need to dismiss this.
我告诉他，我说，斯科蒂，你需要驳回这个。
You need to dismiss this now.
你现在需要驳回这个。
You have no idea what is coming down the pike.
你不知道接下来会发生什么。
And Scott's response was, well, I've taken it this far and I don't see anything else to do but just let the jury decide it.
斯科特的回应是，好吧，我已经走到这一步了，我看不出还有什么可做的，只能让陪审团来决定。
At least, let the jury decide Anne's case.
至少，让陪审团对安妮的案子做出裁决。
A week before the trial began, to everyone's surprise, the prosecution dropped all charges against Vickilyn Galle.
审判开始前一周，令所有人惊讶的是，检方撤销了对维琪琳·加勒的所有指控。
They gave no reason.
他们没有给出任何理由。
Anne's case, based on the exact same evidence, moved forward.
安妮的案子基于完全相同的证据，取得了进展。
I could pick a lot of things to demonstrate how ridiculous the trial was.
我可以选择很多事情来证明这次审判有多么荒谬。
There's this exchange about the skin graft that turned black.
有一次关于植皮变黑的交流。
Anne's attorney had a sketch Arafiles had made.
安妮的律师有阿拉菲莱斯画的草图。
He asked Arafiles, and you cut off a portion of his abdomen, didn't you?
他问阿拉菲莱斯，你把他的腹部切掉了一部分，不是吗？
No, sir.
不，先生。
Well, do you recognize that drawing, Doctor?
那么，你认得那幅画吗，博士？
Me, sir.
我，先生。
What is the bottom part of that drawing supposed to represent?
该图的底部应该代表什么？
Skin, sir.
皮肤，先生。
And where did that skin come from, sir?
先生，那张皮肤是从哪里来的？
Yes, sir.
是的，先生。
At several times throughout the trial, the judge had to warn spectators to curb their laughter.
在整个审判过程中，法官多次警告观众不要笑。
TV reporter Beau Berman says he couldn't really believe what he was hearing.
电视记者博·伯曼说他简直不敢相信自己所听到的。
In the early stages of this, my thought process was, wow, it appears as though these guys are going to get away with this.
在这件事的早期阶段，我的思考过程是，哇，看来这些家伙会侥幸逃脱惩罚。
That was my personal feeling, when I take off my reporter hat.
这是我摘下记者帽子时的个人感受。
Even when I leave it on.
即使我把它打开。
But as it went on, I started to think, when it got to the trial, the more you started to think about it, you start to realize, how well did these conspirators, you might call them, really think this through?
但随着事情的发展，我开始思考，当它进入审判阶段时，你越开始思考它，你开始意识到，这些共谋者，你可能会称呼他们，真正思考得有多好？
Because all of their evidence or all of their reasoning for doing everything they did is ultimately going to come out on the stand.
因为他们所做的一切的所有证据或所有推理最终都会出现在证人席上。
And that's under oath.
那是在宣誓下的。
That's official, that's on the record.
这是官方的，有记录的。
And there's a transcript of it.
并且有一份文字记录。
And in fact, Arafiles admits, on the stand, to the questionable medical practices that Anne and Vicki wrote to the TMB about.
事实上，阿拉菲莱斯在证人席上承认安妮和维基写给 TMB 的可疑医疗做法。
Sheriff Roberts admits that he approached patients in his investigation, which the TMB says is illegal.
罗伯茨警长承认他在调查中接触过病人，TMB 称这种行为是非法的。
He admits he used the nurse's complaint to the TMB to investigate them, which the TMB says is illegal.
他承认他利用护士向 TMB 的投诉来调查他们，TMB 认为这是非法的。
Prosecutor Tidwell admits that he's also the personal attorney of the sheriff and the doctor and the hospital.
检察官蒂德韦尔承认他也是治安官、医生和医院的私人律师。
Again, TV reporter, Beau Berman.
又是电视记者博·伯曼。
There were times where I really wanted to just kind of say to my audience, can you even believe this is happening?
有时我真的想对我的观众说，你能相信这一切正在发生吗？
Reading the transcript, it's shocking just how open the men who tried to take down Anne and Vicki are about what they did.
阅读文字记录，令人震惊的是，那些试图打倒安妮和维基的人对他们的所作所为如此公开。
It's as if they never truly expected the case to go to trial, like they expected Anne and Vicki to give in and go away.
就好像他们从未真正期望案件会进入审判阶段，就像他们期望安妮和维基屈服并离开一样。
Anne, of course, won the case, after either five minutes or one hour of jury deliberation, depending on how you count it.
当然，经过陪审团五分钟或一小时的审议，安妮赢得了这场官司，具体取决于你如何计算。
Of course I was relieved, naturally.
我当然松了口气，自然。
I mean, who wouldn't be relieved after 10 months worrying about where you're going to be?
我的意思是，在 10 个月担心自己要去哪里之后，谁不会感到宽慰呢？
And then it was like, OK, they still have this problem at the hospital.
然后就好像，好吧，他们在医院仍然有这个问题。
Namely, that Arafiles was still a doctor there.
也就是说，阿拉菲莱斯仍然是那里的一名医生。
In fact, he was still working at Winkler Memorial until April 15 of this year, more than a year after Anne's trial.
事实上，直到今年4月15日，即安妮受审一年多后，他仍在温克勒纪念馆工作。
He's still licensed by the State of Texas.
他仍然获得德克萨斯州的许可。
I didn't understand how this was possible.
我不明白这怎么可能。
And when I called Winkler Memorial, they suggested I talk to the new board president, Stefanie Haley.
当我打电话给温克勒纪念馆时，他们建议我与新任董事会主席斯蒂芬妮·黑利交谈。
I think the really obvious question here is, why wasn't Dr. A.
我认为这里真正明显的问题是，为什么 A 博士没有。
fired after he was under investigation by the medical board for all this stuff, and after the trial?
在他因所有这些事情接受医学委员会调查后以及审判后被解雇？
Well, now, there's 10,000 stories on that.
好吧，现在有 10,000 个关于此的故事。
And I think a lot of it is, we just had one big huge suit with the nurses.
我认为很多是，我们只是和护士一起穿了一套巨大的套装。
And I think that the county and the hospital really was afraid, maybe, just he would do a frivolous lawsuit.
而且我想，县里和医院真的是害怕，也许，只是他会打一个无聊的官司。
That Dr. A.
那个A博士
would against the hospital.
会反对医院。
And already our image was terribly tarnished.
我们的形象已经严重受损。
And I think they decided just to-- I know we did the last few months-- just grit your teeth and let his contract end.
我认为他们决定——我知道我们过去几个月就是这么做的——咬紧牙关让他的合同结束。
Weren't you guys worried that he was going to hurt someone in that time that you were waiting and gritting your teeth?
你们在咬牙等待的那段时间，不担心他会伤害别人吗？
That's one of the reasons why we took him off the ER.
这就是我们让他离开急诊室的原因之一。
He couldn't do procedures.
他无法办理手续。
And then, finally, we even tried to keep him out of the ER unless we had to have him just for lack of doctors.
最后，我们甚至试图不让他进入急诊室，除非我们只是因为缺乏医生而不得不让他住院。
But when he was in there, he had to have another doctor.
但当他在那里时，他必须有另一位医生。
If he gave a prescription, if he was going to perform anything, the other doctor had to approve of it.
如果他开出处方，如果他要执行任何操作，都必须得到另一位医生的批准。
I know it's kind of complicated.
我知道这有点复杂。
It is a complicated thing, and something that we're glad we're over with.
这是一件复杂的事情，但我们很高兴我们已经结束了。
The Texas Medical Board finished its investigation of Arafiles in February.
德克萨斯州医学委员会于二月份完成了对 Arafiles 的调查。
He's been fined $5,000 for retaliating against the nurses, and he has a year to answer their questions about his old cases if he's going to have restrictions removed from his medical license.
他因报复护士而被罚款 5,000 美元，如果他的行医执照上的限制被取消，他有一年的时间回答护士关于他以前案件的问题。
Another doctor monitors everything he does, and he has to pay for that, which will cost him tens of thousands of dollars.
另一位医生监视他所做的一切，而他必须为此付费，这将花费他数万美元。
As for Anne and Vicki, they say their nursing careers are over, that they'd have to start at the bottom again at a new hospital, leave their lives in west Texas, and they're not going to do that.
至于安妮和维基，她们说她们的护理生涯已经结束，她们必须在一家新医院从底层开始，离开德克萨斯州西部的生活，她们不会这样做。
They've become advocates for patients' rights, and they spend their time speaking to nursing associations in Texas and around the country.
他们已成为患者权利的倡导者，并花时间与德克萨斯州和全国各地的护理协会进行交流。
They filed a civil suit against Winkler County that settled for $750,000.
他们对温克勒县提起民事诉讼，赔偿金额为 75 万美元。
Anne and Vicki had to split that, and that's before attorney's fees and taxes.
安妮和维琪不得不分摊这笔钱，而且这还不包括律师费和税费。
In December, a special prosecutor from the Texas Attorney General's office indicted Arafiles for felony retaliation, and, in a karmic twist, misuse of official information, the same charge leveled at Anne and Vicki.
去年 12 月，得克萨斯州总检察长办公室的一名特别检察官以重罪报复的罪名起诉阿拉菲莱斯，而且，在业力扭曲中，她还滥用官方信息，同样的指控也针对安妮和维基。
Three weeks later, Sheriff Roberts, the county attorney, Scott Tidwell, and hospital administrator, Stan Wiley, were indicted, too, for misuse of official information, retaliation, and official oppression.
三周后，警长罗伯茨、县检察官斯科特·蒂德韦尔和医院管理员斯坦·威利也因滥用官方信息、报复和官方压迫而被起诉。
On June 6, Sheriff Roberts will be the first to go to trial.
6月6日，罗伯茨警长将率先出庭受审。
Winkler Memorial still faces a lot of the same problems it did before.
温克勒纪念馆仍然面临着许多与以前相同的问题。
It's still a small hospital in a small town that not many people want to move to.
这仍然是一个小镇上的小医院，没有多少人愿意搬去。
The same is true in east Texas.
德克萨斯州东部的情况也是如此。
Arafiles just took a job there at a hospital in a town called Grand Saline.
阿拉菲莱斯刚刚在大萨林镇的一家医院找到了一份工作。
It's even smaller than Kermit.
它甚至比克米特还要小。
He's one of three doctors on staff there.
他是那里的三名医生之一。
Grand Saline, like Kermit, needs doctors.
Grand Saline 和 Kermit 一样，也需要医生。
Saul Elbein is a reporter in Austin, Texas.
索尔·埃尔宾是德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的一名记者。
He reported a version of this story for The Texas Observer.
他为《德克萨斯观察家报》报道了这个故事的一个版本。
[MUSIC - "MEDICINE SHOW" BY BIG AUDIO DYNAMITE]
[音乐 - BIG AUDIO DYNAMITE 的“医学秀”]
Act Two, Donkey See, Donkey Do.
第二幕，驴看，驴做。
Well, now we turn from people defying the old boys' network in their town to people bowing before it.
好吧，现在我们从反抗镇上老男孩网络的人变成了在它面前屈服的人。
The people in this case, lawyers who want to be judges in the city of Chicago.
此案中的人是想成为芝加哥市法官的律师。
Chicago is going through some changes lately.
芝加哥最近正在经历一些变化。
They have a new mayor who's not named Richard Daley, which hasn't happened very often during the last 50 years.
他们有一位新市长，他的名字不是理查德·戴利（Richard Daley），这种情况在过去 50 年里并不常见。
But some things haven't changed.
但有些事情并没有改变。
And every two years, much of the Chicago political machine-- that's the Democratic machine, the only one that actually counts in Chicago-- meets in a hotel across the street from City Hall.
每两年，芝加哥政治机器（即民主党机器，在芝加哥唯一真正重要的机器）的大部分成员都会在市政厅街对面的一家酒店举行会议。
It's the 50 Ward committeemen, the 30 Township committeemen.
是50名区委员，30名乡委员。
These are the sergeants who boss around the foot soldiers of the Democratic machine.
这些是在民主党机器的步兵周围发号施令的中士。
These are party officials.
这些都是党的官员。
And if you want to become a judge, you go before them and try to get your name put onto the official Democratic Party ticket on the ballot, which helps.
如果你想成为一名法官，你就走到他们面前，尝试将你的名字写在选票上的民主党官方选票上，这会有所帮助。
Chicago's a city that elects its judges, and there are always so many judges up for election-- dozens of names on the ballot-- too many to know who they are.
芝加哥是一个选举法官的城市，总是有那么多法官等待选举——选票上有几十个名字——太多了，以至于不知道他们是谁。
This is one area where lots of people will just vote for whoever the party recommends.
在这一领域，很多人只会投票给政党推荐的任何人。
So, candidates come up before the Democratic Party machine, in what used to be literally a smoke-filled room.
因此，候选人出现在民主党机器面前，这里曾经是一个烟雾缭绕的房间。
When indoor smoking was allowed in Chicago.
当芝加哥允许室内吸烟时。
This is largely a ceremonial pageant, because they've already made up their mind and cut their deal of who's going to get the blessing.
这在很大程度上是一场盛典，因为他们已经下定决心，并就谁将获得祝福达成了协议。
But they go ahead with the show and let people get up and speak their piece.
但他们还是继续表演，让人们站起来发表自己的看法。
That's Abdon Pallasch.
那是阿卜顿·帕拉什。
The political reporter is probably the leading chronicler of this living remnant of the old Chicago machine.
政治记者可能是这个古老的芝加哥机器的残余的主要记录者。
He's covered it since 1996, in recent years for the Chicago Sun-Times.
他自 1996 年起就开始报道此事，近年来还为《芝加哥太阳报》报道。
He says it's not entirely a show.
他说这不完全是一场表演。
Often, there are decisions to make.
通常，需要做出决定。
They have to choose among several politically connected candidates for a few slots.
他们必须在几位有政治关系的候选人中选择几个席位。
And the main quality that they're looking for?
他们正在寻找的主要品质是什么？
Loyalty.
忠诚。
There's an old saying in both Daley administrations, old man, Richard J.
戴利两届政府都有一句老话，老家伙，理查德·J·戴利。
Daley and the son, Richard M.
戴利和儿子理查德·M.
Daley.
戴利.
What do you call 99% loyalty?
什么叫99%的忠诚度？
Disloyalty.
不忠诚。
And so, when Abdon wrote about the 2003 meeting to choose which judges were going to go onto the Democratic ticket, he noted that nearly all of the 25 judge wannabes began their presentations with the same first sentence.
因此，当阿卜顿写到 2003 年的一次会议来选择哪些法官将进入民主党候选人名单时，他指出，几乎所有 25 名想成为法官的人都以相同的第一句话开始他们的演讲。
I am a lifelong Democrat.
我是一个终生的民主党人。
Because that's what it's about.
因为这就是它的意义所在。
These aren't law school deans making this choice.
这些并不是法学院院长做出的选择。
These are Democratic Ward committeemen.
这些是民主党选区委员。
It is their job to turn out the votes for the Democrats on Election Day.
他们的工作是在选举日为民主党投票。
One of the things in this 2003 account that I thought was really charming-- so they all stand up and say, I'm a lifelong Democrat.
我认为 2003 年的这篇报道中的一件事非常迷人——所以他们都站起来说，我是一个终生的民主党人。
And then there's a candidate named Anna Helen Demacopoulos?
还有一位名叫安娜·海伦·德马科普洛斯的候选人？
Yes.
是的。
Ira Glass Can I ask you to read your account of what happens when she stands up?
艾拉·格拉斯 我可以请你读一下你对她站起来时发生的事情的描述吗？
Anna Helen Demacopoulos tells committeemen she really means lifelong.
安娜·海伦·德马科普洛斯告诉委员们，她真正的意思是终身。
Demacopoulos, when you translate that, literally, in ancient Greek, it means son of a Democrat.
德马科普洛斯，当你按字面翻译古希腊语时，它的意思是民主党人的儿子。
So I guess you can say, ladies and gentlemen, that I was born a Democrat, she says.
“所以我想你们可以说，女士们先生们，我生来就是一名民主党人，”她说。
It was a nice try, didn't work.
这是一次很好的尝试，但没有成功。
She didn't get slated, didn't have enough political clout.
她没有获得提名，也没有足够的政治影响力。
So what's expected of them?
那么对他们有什么期望呢？
And what mistakes have you seen people in that setting?
您在那种环境下看到人们犯了什么错误？
A lot of lawyers who want to become a judge and who haven't done their homework, they don't know this is how the game is played.
很多想成为法官但没有做足功课的律师，他们不知道游戏是这样玩的。
And they think this is just like going before a bar group.
他们认为这就像去酒吧聚会一样。
They'll come in and they'll talk for 10 minutes about their resume, here I worked at this law firm, I worked at that law firm.
他们进来后会花 10 分钟谈论他们的简历，我在这家律师事务所工作过，我在那家律师事务所工作过。
Maybe they'll actually pass out 25-page resumes, and the committeemen will kind of roll their eyes.
也许他们真的会分发 25 页的简历，而委员们可能会翻白眼。
I graduated magna cum laude from my law school.
我以优异的成绩从法学院毕业。
I spent a summer abroad in Costa Rica.
我在哥斯达黎加国外度过了一个夏天。
And the committeemen's eyes will glaze over, because that actually counts against you.
委员们的目光会变得呆滞，因为这实际上对你不利。
Spending time outside Chicago.
在芝加哥郊外度过一段时光。
The best thing you'll say is, I never left Chicago.
你会说的最好的一句话是，我从未离开过芝加哥。
I went to grade school at St. Mary's and I've never left-- and I went to law school at DePaul.
我在圣玛丽小学上小学，之后就再也没有离开过——我还在德保罗法学院上过学。
And I've been here.
我来过这里。
Every Monday night I go to my Ward office for my alderman and I give free legal advice to his constituents.
每个星期一晚上，我都会去我的市议员办公室，为我的市议员提供免费的法律咨询。
That's what they want to hear.
这就是他们想听到的。
And so, when they don't hear that, when a guy actually gives his credentials, what happens?
因此，当他们没有听到这一点时，当一个人真正提供他的凭据时，会发生什么？
They smile and say, thank you very much.
他们微笑着说，非常感谢。
Next.
下一个。
And you can pretty much spot the ones where it's been decided.
你几乎可以发现那些已经决定的地方。
This person's going to get the slating for the judgeship.
这个人将获得法官职位的提名。
Because they get up, they speak very briefly.
因为他们站起来了，所以他们说话很简短。
They say, I've got good ratings from the bar groups.
他们说，我在酒吧团体中得到了很好的评价。
My alderman is Alderman Burke, and I would welcome your support.
我的市议员是市议员伯克，我欢迎您的支持。
Thank you very much.
非常感谢。
And maybe one or two committeemen will get up and speak on their behalf, and they'll say, thank you very much.
也许一两个委员会站起来代表他们发言，他们会说，非常感谢。
Next.
下一个。
You describe a wannabe candidate, Denise Staniec, who's the former head of the Women's Bar in Illinois, get up before the committeemen.
你描述了一位想要成为候选人的人，丹尼斯·斯坦尼克（Denise Staniec），她是伊利诺伊州妇女律师协会的前负责人，在委员会成员面前站起来。
And usually if you're going to be successful, somebody's going to stand up and speak for you.
通常，如果你要成功，就会有人站出来为你说话。
Can I just ask you to read from your account of what happens to her?
我可以请你从你的叙述中读一下她身上发生的事情吗？
Sure.
当然。
None of the committeemen stand to speak on her behalf, not even those she calls to by name.
没有一个委员能够代表她发言，甚至连她点名的委员也没有发言。
Some are still shaking their heads over her impertinence a few weeks ago at a slating session held for the 8th Judicial Subcircuit.
几周前，在第八司法分区举行的提名会议上，一些人仍在对她的无礼行为摇头。
That meeting was chaired by retiring 42nd Ward Committeeman, George Dunne, who appeared to nod off during her talk, until Staniec stopped midspeech, grabbed the 90-year-old Dunne by the arm, shook him awake and shouted, Mr. Dunne, please don't leave me now.
那次会议由即将退休的第 42 届选区委员乔治·邓恩 (George Dunne) 主持，他在讲话中似乎在打瞌睡，直到斯坦涅克说到一半，抓住了 90 岁的邓恩的手臂，把他摇醒，并喊道，邓恩先生，现在请不要离开我。
Now, when you're there in one of these meetings, you see a lawyer named James C.
现在，当您参加其中一次会议时，您会看到一位名叫 James C. 的律师。
Murray stand up.
穆雷站起来。
And you write, quote, "Burke all but says that a seat on the bench has been saved for Murray for 40 years." Can I ask you to just tell the story of why?
你写道，引用，“伯克几乎说替补席上的一个座位已经为穆雷保留了 40 年。”我可以请你简单讲述一下原因吗？
So, Ed Burke, the alderman who runs the judicial slating session, just looking at his face is often a good gauge of who's going to be slated.
因此，负责司法提名会议的市议员埃德·伯克（Ed Burke），只要看他的脸，通常就能很好地判断谁将被提名。
And Burke, as Murray gets up there, Burke says, if there's ever a book entitled Chicago Profiles in Courage, this man's father would go on the top of that list.
伯克，当默里站到那里时，伯克说，如果有一本名为《芝加哥勇气档案》的书，这个人的父亲会名列前茅。
James Murray, the elder, was an alderman under Richard J.
老詹姆斯·默里 (James Murray) 是理查德·J·默里 (Richard J. Murray) 手下的市议员。
Daley.
戴利.
And when Richard J.
当理查德·J.
Daley needed someone to sponsor the Open Housing Ordinance back in the '60s, he picked Murray.
早在 60 年代，戴利就需要有人赞助《开放住房条例》，他选择了穆雷。
And Murray knew this was going to be his political death sentence.
默里知道这将是他政治上的死刑。
And this ordinance, was it a pro-civil rights or an anti-civil rights ordinance?
而这个条例，究竟是支持民权的条例，还是反民权的条例？
Oh, this is pro.
哦，这是专业人士。
This was an integration.
这是一次整合。
This was stopping realtors from being able to play games to keep people out of certain neighborhoods.
这使得房地产经纪人无法玩游戏来阻止人们进入某些社区。
And he was basically in a ward where the white population wouldn't want that?
他基本上是在一个白人不希望这样的病房里？
Yes.
是的。
But he sponsored the ordinance anyway, and it passed, and he was voted out of office.
但无论如何，他还是发起了这项法令，最终通过了，他也被选下台。
And so, 40 years later, Burke's line is, this seat's been reserved for Murray for 40 years.
所以，40 年后，伯克的台词是，这个席位已经为穆雷保留了 40 年。
You know, what's surprising isn't that this happens, that committeemen are choosing judges based on connections and politics, but that everyone is so open about it.
你知道，令人惊讶的不是这种情况的发生，不是委员们根据关系和政治来选择法官，而是每个人都对此持开放态度。
You know what I mean?
你知道我的意思？
Like, there's no code of silence.
就像，没有沉默的准则。
There's no secret language.
没有秘密语言。
There's no pretending that something else is happening.
没有假装正在发生其他事情。
And when you bring up the argument some of the bar groups bring up about, shouldn't we have merit selection, appointed judges?
当你提出一些律师团体提出的论点时，我们不应该择优任命法官吗？
They say, well, look at the states that have that.
他们说，好吧，看看有这样的州。
It's the governors that appoint judges.
任命法官的是州长。
Would Governor Blagojevich or Governor Ryan appoint better judges than the ones we're picking?
布拉戈耶维奇州长或瑞安州长会任命比我们挑选的法官更好的法官吗？
I should say, Blagojevich, of course, is currently on trial for selling a Senate seat.
当然，我应该说，布拉戈耶维奇目前正在因出售参议院席位而受审。
Ryan is serving six and a half years on corruption charges.
瑞安因腐败指控被判入狱六年半。
Yes.
是的。
And there's the appointive systems.
还有任命系统。
If it's law groups, are they going to pick corporate lawyers who live in the wealthy suburbs and can't sympathize with the rights of the common man?
如果是法律团体，他们会选择住在富裕郊区、不能同情普通人权利的公司律师吗？
We want judges who will sit on the bench and when they see a working guy come in there, be able to identify them and be fair to them.
我们希望法官坐在法官席上，当他们看到一个工作人员进来时，能够认出他们并对他们公平。
So that's the committeemen arguing for keeping the current status quo system of the committeemen helping pick judges.
这就是委员会成员主张维持目前委员会成员帮助挑选法官的现状制度。
But the voters make the ultimate choice.
但最终的选择是由选民做出的。
Yeah, but it isn't that these guys are showing such loyalty to the working man.
是的，但这并不是说这些人对工人表现出如此忠诚。
These guys are showing loyalty to Democratic Party machinery, which is them.
这些人正在表现出对民主党机制的忠诚，这就是他们。
That's exactly right.
完全正确。
But part of the problem is now there's national business groups that have targeted Illinois, and Cook County, in specific, as a terrible place to try cases.
但问题的一部分在于，现在有一些全国性商业团体将伊利诺伊州，特别是库克县作为审理案件的糟糕地点。
Because, they say, the Democratic Party so dominates the choosing of judges here that verdicts are lopsided against businesses.
他们说，因为民主党在法官的选择上占据主导地位，导致判决对企业不利。
And they've had some numbers to back that up.
他们有一些数字来支持这一点。
Over his years covering this, Abdon has seen a change.
在报道这一问题的这些年里，阿卜顿看到了变化。
Various constituency groups-- minorities, women-- have demanded judgeships.
不同的选区群体——少数民族、妇女——都要求担任法官。
And they have gotten slated by the Democratic Party.
他们已被民主党提名。
Abdon says that the committeemen point to the diversity on the Chicago bench as one of the advantages of slating judges this way.
阿布顿说，委员们指出芝加哥法官席的多样性是以这种方式任命法官的优势之一。
And since Abdon started writing about the meeting, and committeemen started seeing how it came off in the newspaper, they have made some adjustments.
自从阿卜顿开始报道这次会议，委员会成员开始在报纸上看到会议的结果后，他们做出了一些调整。
I've watched it progress from fairly raw politicking to a little more polished and trying to give the appearance of, we really care about these candidates' credentials.
我看到它从相当原始的政治活动发展到更加精致的过程，并试图表现出我们真的很关心这些候选人的资历。
And we want lawyers who actually have good ratings from the bar associations and will actually perform well on the bench.
我们想要的律师实际上在律师协会中拥有良好的评级，并且实际上在法官席上表现良好。
They're more conscious of how this looks in the public arena.
他们更关心这在公共场合的表现。
And so, they just know to be a little bit more discreet in talking about how loyal a party member, how many doorbells this person has rung, how many garbage cans they've delivered.
因此，他们只知道在谈论党员的忠诚度、这个人按了多少个门铃、他们送了多少个垃圾桶时要更加谨慎。
Not that that stops them, he says, from still doing things like Abdon saw them do in 2009, putting in the well-connected Pamela Hill Veal onto the ticket for appellate judge despite a bad bar association rating.
他说，这并没有阻止他们继续做 Abdon 在 2009 年看到的事情，尽管律师协会的评级很差，但还是将人脉广泛的 Pamela Hill Veal 推上了上诉法官的名单。
And despite being scolded by the very appeals court she was trying to get onto.
尽管受到了上诉法院的责骂，但她还是试图进入上诉法院。
The one way that the Chicago Party Judicial candidates lack diversity, he says, is that there's still nobody on it without clout.
他说，芝加哥党司法候选人缺乏多样性的一个原因是，仍然没有人没有影响力。
You can become a judge in Chicago without going through this process.
您无需经过此过程即可成为芝加哥的法官。
You can simply put your name on the ballot and run against the official Democratic Party candidate.
您只需将自己的名字写在选票上即可与民主党官方候选人竞争。
And people do win this way, especially women and people with Irish names.
人们确实通过这种方式获胜，尤其是女性和具有爱尔兰名字的人。
It's such a truism that Irish names win Chicago judicial elections that candidates will actually add a Fitzgerald to their name, which sadly works.
爱尔兰人的名字赢得了芝加哥司法选举，这是不言而喻的，候选人实际上会在他们的名字上加上菲茨杰拉德，可悲的是，这确实有效。
James G.
詹姆斯·G.
Smith lost a judicial election, and then changed his name to James Fitzgerald Smith and won.
史密斯在一次司法选举中失败，然后改名为詹姆斯·菲茨杰拉德·史密斯并获胜。
And the political machine will use this fact to manipulate the ballot, which brings us to another rule to get on the Democratic slate in Chicago.
政治机器将利用这一事实来操纵选票，这给我们带来了进入芝加哥民主党名单的另一条规则。
If the party doesn't choose you for the ballot, of course they don't want you running against them.
如果政党不选择你参加投票，他们当然不希望你与他们竞争。
With one exception.
但有一个例外。
Here's some rules of the game.
这是一些游戏规则。
You're not supposed to run if you're not slated.
如果你没有被安排，你就不应该跑步。
Unless they ask you to run as a pretend candidate to siphon votes.
除非他们要求你以假候选人的身份参选，以窃取选票。
If you're a woman with an Irish name, and they say, OK, now, I want you to get in this race, but don't do anything, don't campaign.
如果你是一位爱尔兰名字的女性，他们会说，好吧，现在，我希望你参加这场竞选，但不要做任何事情，不要竞选。
You're just there to siphon the opposition so that our guy wins.
你只是在那里吸引对手，以便我们的人获胜。
Now, this last session that I went to in '09, it was very funny.
现在，我在 09 年参加的最后一次会议非常有趣。
Because one of the women got up there and apparently she hadn't been well enough briefed that you're not supposed to publicly discuss what they call ballot management.
因为其中一位女士站在那里，显然她没有得到足够的了解，所以你不应该公开讨论他们所谓的选票管理。
And so, this was a former state's attorney by the name of Barbara Bailey.
这位名叫芭芭拉·贝利（Barbara Bailey）的前州检察官。
So she gets up and she's saying that, my father was a judge for over 20 years and he was helpful in getting union backing for the Party.
于是她站了起来，她说，我父亲当了 20 多年的法官，他在争取工会对党的支持方面提供了帮助。
And the committeemen would say, yeah, that's true.
委员会成员会说，是的，确实如此。
And then she says, I think I'd be able to get union backing for all the candidates.
然后她说，我想我能够为所有候选人获得工会的支持。
I think I can help.
我想我可以帮忙。
But then she kind of commits the faux pas of saying, I did run five years ago for judge.
但后来她有点失礼地说，我五年前确实竞选过法官。
I did run in a race.
我确实参加过一场比赛。
I was told not to raise money and not to do any campaigning.
我被告知不要筹集资金，也不要进行任何竞选活动。
I didn't.
我没有。
And you're not supposed to publicly talk about that, but she did.
你不应该公开谈论这一点，但她却这么做了。
She didn't-- [LAUGHTER] Ms. Bailey did not get slated.
她没有——[笑声]贝利女士没有被安排。
No, she did not get slated again.
不，她没有再次被安排。
She was told, OK, be a little bit more discreet next time.
她被告知，好吧，下次要谨慎一点。
You know, you think of an old boys' network as being sort of shadowy and sinister, but there's something-- like, reading your accounts-- there's something sort of goofy about this.
你知道，你认为老男孩的网络有点阴暗和险恶，但有一些东西——比如，阅读你的账户——这有点愚蠢。
You know what I mean?
你知道我的意思？
Like, seeing it up close.
比如，近距离观察它。
Yes, goofy and quaint.
是的，愚蠢而古怪。
It's sort of a vestige that's still there.
这是一种仍然存在的遗迹。
An important point to make is, there are some very good judges in Cook County.
需要指出的重要一点是，库克县有一些非常优秀的法官。
If you're a good lawyer and you want to be a judge, you realize that this is the game you've got to play and you learn how to play it.
如果你是一名优秀的律师并且你想成为一名法官，你就会意识到这是你必须玩的游戏，并且你会学习如何玩它。
And you can do it without completely compromising your morals or ethics.
而且你可以在不完全损害你的道德或伦理的情况下做到这一点。
And there are some judges who have done that, and who have come through the system.
有些法官已经这样做了，并且是通过这个系统来的。
The system actually, miraculously, does produce some good judges.
事实上，这个系统确实奇迹般地产生了一些优秀的法官。
But a lot of them will say privately how annoying they find it, having to go through this process of having to kiss the rings of all the committeemen in order to get elected to the bench.
但他们中的很多人会私下说，他们觉得这有多烦人，必须经历这个必须亲吻所有委员的戒指才能当选为替补席的过程。
Abdon Pallasch, political reporter for the Chicago Sun-Times.
阿卜顿·帕拉什 (Abdon Pallasch)，《芝加哥太阳报》政治记者。
We called 12 judges and former judicial candidates for comment.
我们致电 12 名法官和前司法候选人征求意见。
11 did not return our calls.
11号没有回我们的电话。
One told us he was very grateful to his committeemen.
其中一位告诉我们，他非常感谢他的委员们。
If not for the committeemen, he said, he never would have been able to become a judge.
他说，如果没有委员们，他永远不可能成为一名法官。
[MUSIC - "GOOD OLD BOYS" BY JOHN HARTFORD]
[音乐 - 约翰·哈特福德的“好老男孩”]
Our program was produced today by Sarah Koenig, with Alex Blumberg, Ben Calhoun, Jane Feltes, Jonathan Menjivar, Lisa Pollak, Robyn Semien, Alissa Shipp, and Nancy Updike.
我们今天的节目由 Sarah Koenig 与 Alex Blumberg、Ben Calhoun、Jane Feltes、Jonathan Menjivar、Lisa Pollak、Robyn Semien、Alissa Shipp 和 Nancy Updike 共同制作。
Our senior producer is Julie Snyder.
我们的高级制片人是朱莉·斯奈德。
Production help from Eric Mennel.
埃里克·门内尔 (Eric Mennel) 提供制作帮助。
Music help from Jessica Hopper.
杰西卡·霍珀的音乐帮助。
Seth Lind is our production manager.
塞思·林德 (Seth Lind) 是我们的生产经理。
Emily Condon's our office manager.
艾米丽·康登是我们的办公室经理。
Jen Berman's filling in as our west coast producer.
珍·伯曼 (Jen Berman) 担任我们的西海岸制片人。
[ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS] Our website, thisamericanlife.org.
[致谢] 我们的网站 thisamericanlife.org。
This American Life is distributed Public Radio International.
《美国生活》由国际公共广播电台发行。
WBEZ management oversight for our show by our boss, Mr. Torey Malatia.
我们的老板 Torey Malatia 先生对我们的演出进行 WBEZ 管理监督。
He's been catching up with his old DVDs of Project Runway.
他一直在追看旧的《天桥骄子》DVD。
He loves Andre.
他爱安德烈。
He's a [?
他是一个[?
barstool, ?] a seamstress.
吧凳，？] 一名裁缝。
You cut your head open, man, that guy can sew like crazy.
你把你的头切开，伙计，那家伙可以疯狂地缝纫。
I'm Ira Glass, back next week with more stories of This American Life.
我是艾拉·格拉斯，下周回来，带来更多《美国生活》的故事。
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。