415: Crybabies - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #415 | September 24, 2010 415: Crybabies Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 415 集 | 2010 年 9 月 24 日 415：爱哭鬼 注意：《美国生活》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.
如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue Ira Glass You may remember last fall President Obama decided to do something that lots of other presidents had done before.
序言 Ira Glass 您可能还记得去年秋天奥巴马总统决定做一些许多其他总统以前做过的事情。
Him Give a short speech to the country's school kids at the start of the academic year.
他在学年开始时向该国的学生发表简短演讲。
The head of the Republican Party in Florida, a man named Jim Grier, issued a statement saying that he was appalled that President Obama would be spreading his lies and socialist ideology to school children.
佛罗里达州共和党领袖吉姆·格里尔发表声明称，他对奥巴马总统向学童传播他的谎言和社会主义意识形态感到震惊。
Others chimed in.
其他人也附和道。
It kicked off a little fire storm in the media.
这在媒体上掀起了一场小小的风暴。
--he joins us right now.
——他现在就加入我们。
Mr. Grier, thanks for coming on.
格里尔先生，谢谢您的光临。
You had put out a pretty strong statement the other day.
前几天你发表了非常强烈的声明。
You said the President-- you referred to him as the Pied Piper Obama.
你说总统——你称他为花衣魔笛手奥巴马。
Pied Piper is a guy who took children away and they were never seen again.
魔笛手是一个把孩子们带走后就再也没有出现过的人。
Is that what you think?
你是这么想的吗？
I mean, really.
我的意思是，真的。
Well I don't want him to take children away, but I don't want to him to take their minds away either to push his agenda.
好吧，我不想让他带走孩子们，但我也不想让他带走他们的思想来推动他的议程。
When the President finally gave his speech, what was his socialist message for the nation's school children?
当总统最终发表讲话时，他向全国学童传达的社会主义信息是什么？
Put down the video games, read books, come to class ready to work hard.
放下电子游戏，看看书，来到课堂上准备努力学习。
--and along those lines, by the way, I hope all of you are washing your hands a lot, and that you stay home from school when you don't feel well so we can keep people from getting the flu this fall and winter.
——顺便说一句，我希望你们所有人都经常洗手，并且当您感觉不舒服时留在家里不上学，这样我们就可以防止人们在今年秋天和冬天感染流感。
After the speech, the controversy pretty much vanished overnight, and for most of us, that's the last we heard of Jim Grier, the guy who led the complaining.
演讲结束后，争议几乎在一夜之间消失了，对于我们大多数人来说，这是我们最后一次听到吉姆·格里尔（Jim Grier）的消息，他是带头抱怨的人。
During the last year, a lot has changed for Jim Grier.
去年，吉姆·格里尔发生了很多变化。
James A.
詹姆斯·A.
Grier has been charged with six felony counts--
格里尔被指控犯有六项重罪——
He's no longer the Chairman of the Florida Republican Party.
他不再是佛罗里达州共和党主席。
He's currently facing a half dozen felony counts for things like money laundering and theft.
他目前面临洗钱和盗窃等六项重罪指控。
And two weeks ago, Grier did something kind of remarkable.
两周前，格里尔做了一件了不起的事情。
With the school year starting again, all of a sudden he essentially came out of hiding to send a single message: a text message.
随着学年重新开始，他突然从躲藏中出来发送一条消息：一条短信。
It was September 14, actually.
事实上，那是 9 月 14 日。
Grier sent a text message to reporters in Florida.
格里尔给佛罗里达州的记者发了一条短信。
A couple of days ago, I sat down with one of the reporters who first wrote about the story, Dave Weigel, who's a political reporter for Slate.
几天前，我与第一个报道这个故事的记者戴夫·韦格尔（Dave Weigel）坐在一起，他是《Slate》的政治记者。
And the text messages say that, well the President's going to be giving another speech.
短信说，总统将再次发表演讲。
And just for the record, I apologize for making such a big deal about the last one.
郑重声明一下，我为对最后一个问题如此大惊小怪表示歉意。
My take on that was, wow, he admitted it.
我对此的看法是，哇，他承认了。
This was somebody being honest about the fact that this was not really something he had been worried about at the time.
这是一个诚实的人，他当时并不真正担心这件事。
It was a pander to get people panicked to basically support the Republican Party.
这是为了迎合人们的恐慌，让他们基本上支持共和党。
He just wanted, for whatever reason, to have a mea culpa.
不管出于什么原因，他只是想道歉。
And you never really get a mea culpa after people have started a frenzy about something they know was not really a problem.
当人们开始对他们知道并不是真正问题的事情感到疯狂时，你永远不会真正感到抱歉。
That's especially true today, Weigel says.
韦格尔说，今天尤其如此。
When manufactured outrage has become such a big part of our politics.
当制造的愤怒成为我们政治的重要组成部分时。
Oh, this happens about once a week now.
哦，这种情况现在大约每周发生一次。
You can't quite set your watch to it, but you can expect on a Monday that by Friday, something that wasn't actually a huge problem for some politician or political figure is going to be blown up into a huge problem.
你无法完全准确地调整你的手表，但你可以预期，到了周五，对某些政客或政治人物来说实际上并不是一个大问题的事情将被炸成一个大问题。
They're going to benefit.
他们将会受益。
We're going to have to analyze it.
我们必须对其进行分析。
Both parties do this, but Weigel says it's a much bigger part of Republican political style right now.
两党都这样做，但韦格尔表示，这是目前共和党政治风格的重要组成部分。
And frankly, the Republicans are just a lot better at it.
坦率地说，共和党在这方面做得更好。
I mean, attack's really been part of Democrats' strategy this year that's been pretty unsuccessful-- is they continually think they're going to get sympathy from their base if Republicans are seen to be overly mean and blocking something in the Senate.
我的意思是，攻击确实是民主党今年战略的一部分，但非常不成功——他们是否一直认为，如果共和党人被认为过于刻薄并阻碍参议院的某些事情，他们就会得到自己的支持者的同情。
That hasn't worked.
那没有用。
So the Democrats try to rouse the troops without rage of the Republicans saying no, and it doesn't seem to change the political equation very much at all.
因此，民主党试图在不激怒共和党拒绝的情况下动员军队，但这似乎根本没有改变政治等式。
The Republicans meanwhile are not only better at attacking.
与此同时，共和党不仅更擅长进攻。
When they're attacked, they do a better job flipping the script and turning the story into outrage over the unfairness of how they were attacked, turning that into support and money.
当他们受到攻击时，他们会更好地翻转剧本，将故事变成对他们受到攻击的不公平行为的愤怒，并将其转化为支持和金钱。
The example of this on our TVs this week, of course, is Delaware Senatorial candidate Christine O'Donnell.
当然，本周电视上出现的例子是特拉华州参议员候选人克里斯蒂娜·奥唐纳。
Even before the statements that she made about dabbling in witchcraft came to light, she was questioned about how she handled campaign finances, about people who didn't get paid, about a campaign worker who said that O'Donnell used contributions to cover rent and personal expenses.
甚至在她关于涉足巫术的声明曝光之前，她就被问到如何处理竞选财务、没有得到报酬的人、以及一名竞选工作人员说奥唐纳用捐款来支付房租和个人开支的问题。
We know, for example, in this campaign, her mother got a $3,000 check, and no one can really explain that.
例如，我们知道，在这次竞选中，她的母亲得到了一张 3000 美元的支票，但没有人能真正解释这一点。
So if you look at this on paper and you analyze it, like you analyze any story of fiscal incompetence, you wouldn't think she could turn this to her advantage.
因此，如果你在纸上查看并分析它，就像分析任何财政无能的故事一样，你不会认为她可以将此转化为自己的优势。
She did turn it to her advantage.
她确实把它变成了自己的优势。
She won the primary, and she raised, in the first five days after it, about $2 million.
她赢得了初选，并在初选后的前五天内筹集了约 200 万美元。
And that, according to her in the campaign and people around her, is in large part a response to the way the media was covering her finances, the way the media was covering her career as a TV pundit.
根据她在竞选活动中和周围的人的说法，这在很大程度上是对媒体报道她的财务状况、媒体报道她作为电视专家的职业生涯的回应。
What are we to make of the attacks against you?
对于针对你的攻击我们该怎么办？
Well, watch this.
好吧，看这个。
Watch how this campaign unfolds.
观看此活动如何展开。
They started their ads this week, and they're attacking me personally.
他们这周开始投放广告，对我进行人身攻击。
They're not attacking where I stand on stimulus, they're not attacking where I stand on extending, if not making permanent, the Bush tax cuts.
他们并没有攻击我在刺激政策上的立场，他们也没有攻击我在延长（如果不是永久实施）布什减税政策上的立场。
They're not attacking me on my positions.
他们没有攻击我的立场。
They're trying to attack me.
他们正试图攻击我。
She was able to turn this back into proof that the media was trying to tear her down.
她能够把这变成媒体试图诋毁她的证据。
It was not an outrage that she said it, it was an outrage that this was being brought up, drudged up against her.
她这么说并不是令人愤慨，而是有人提起、强加给她这件事，才是令人愤慨。
The way O'Donnell put it was that, this is attack on me, but-- and she said this, her supporters also said this more explicitly-- it's an attack on people who believe the way I believe.
奥唐纳的说法是，这是对我的攻击，但是——她这么说，她的支持者也更明确地说——这是对那些和我有同样信仰的人的攻击。
This is an attack on Christianity.
这是对基督教的攻击。
It's an attack on our values.
这是对我们价值观的攻击。
And the money she raised off that, which-- $2 million is actually 10,000% of what she had in her campaign fund before the campaign heated up, at the end of August.
她从中筹集到的资金——200万美元实际上是她在8月底竞选活动白热化之前的竞选资金的10,000%。
Before the attacks.
袭击发生前。
Dave Weigel Before the attacks, she had $20,000 roundabout, and then she got $2 million after this.
戴夫·韦格尔 (Dave Weigel) 在袭击发生前，她有 20,000 美元的迂回资金，此后她又得到了 200 万美元。
The way she pivoted is just a great textbook example.
她的转变方式简直就是教科书上的一个很好的例子。
Being outraged works.
愤怒是有效的。
Playing the victim works, for that matter.
就此而言，扮演受害者是有效的。
And today on our radio show we see that not just in politics, but in sports, on Wall Street, on the streets of California.
今天，在我们的广播节目中，我们不仅在政治上看到了这一点，而且在体育界、在华尔街、在加州的街道上也看到了这一点。
We also, by the way, have a brand new story by David Sedaris.
顺便说一句，我们还有大卫·塞达里斯 (David Sedaris) 创作的全新故事。
We have victims, we have mock outrage, we have mark outrage that turns into real outrage, we have real outrage that's bigger than maybe it should be.
我们有受害者，我们有假装的愤怒，我们有明显的愤怒变成了真正的愤怒，我们有比应有的更大的真正愤怒。
We have crybabies of all sorts, but mostly very, very effective ones.
我们有各种各样的爱哭鬼，但大多数都是非常非常有效的。
From WBEZ Chicago, it's This American Life distributed by Public Radio International.
这是来自芝加哥 WBEZ 的《This American Life》，由国际公共广播电台发行。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Stay with us.
留在我们身边。
Act One.
第一幕。
Wall Street: Money Never Weeps.
华尔街：金钱永不哭泣。
You'd think if anybody would be out there thanking President Obama for helping them out these past few years, it would be Wall Street.
你可能会想，如果有人会感谢奥巴马总统在过去几年中帮助他们渡过难关，那一定是华尔街。
Back when he was running for office, Barack Obama led the Democrats in supporting President Bush's original bailout of Wall Street.
奥巴马竞选公职时曾带领民主党支持布什总统最初对华尔街的救助。
And as President, he kept that bailout going, and put into place all kinds of regulatory measures to make it easier for banks to recover and to turn a profit.
作为行长，他继续实施救助，并采取各种监管措施，使银行更容易恢复并盈利。
And he's paid the price with some voters for that.
他已经为此与一些选民付出了代价。
But no, Wall Street is not happy with him.
但不，华尔街对他并不满意。
At the President's televised town hall meeting this week, hedge fund manager and CNBC commentator Anthony Scaramucci told them this, to his face.
在总统本周举行的电视转播市政厅会议上，对冲基金经理兼 CNBC 评论员安东尼·斯卡拉穆奇当面告诉了他们这一点。
I represent the Wall Street community.
我代表华尔街社区。
We have felt like a pinata.
我们感觉就像一个皮纳塔。
Maybe you don't feel like you're whacking us with a stick, but we certainly feel like we've been whacked with a stick.
也许你不觉得自己是在用棍子打我们，但我们确实感觉自己被棍子打了。
Back during the summer-- kind of famously-- a billionaire named Stephen Schwarzman, who founded and runs a private equity firm called The Blackstone Group, went even further.
早在夏天——有点出名——一位名叫史蒂芬·施瓦茨曼(Stephen Schwarzman)的亿万富翁走得更远，他创立并经营着一家名为黑石集团(The Blackstone Group)的私募股权公司。
At a meeting that he thought was private, Schwarzman declared that the President's proposal to raise the taxes on certain profits that his company makes from 15% to 35%-- 35% being the corporate income tax that most companies pay-- he said that tax change was just like Hitler invading Poland in 1939.
在一次他认为是私人的会议上，施瓦茨曼宣称总统提议将其公司的某些利润的税率从15%提高到35%——35%是大多数公司缴纳的企业所得税——他说税收改革就像1939年希特勒入侵波兰一样。
Well, I think we all obviously agree with that view, that shifting the tax structure of private equity firms is-- I don't really see any difference between that and Hitler invading Poland.
嗯，我认为我们显然都同意这种观点，即改变私募股权公司的税收结构——我真的不认为这与希特勒入侵波兰有什么区别。
Yeah, I mean obviously we can just laugh at it, but Stephen Schwarzman and The Blackstone Group have spent the last two years or three years, since the crisis began, finding so many different government incentives, government programs, that allows them to directly profit from the government's overall effort to pump up the financial sector.
是的，我的意思是，显然我们可以一笑置之，但自危机开始以来，史蒂芬·施瓦茨曼 (Stephen Schwarzman) 和黑石集团在过去的两年或三年里，找到了许多不同的政府激励措施、政府计划，使他们能够直接从政府提振金融部门的整体努力中获利。
For example?
例如？
Adam Davidson So one example is, he bought a bank from the FDIC, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, at x ridiculously discounted rates.
亚当·戴维森 (Adam Davidson) 举个例子，他以 x 倍的折扣率从 FDIC（联邦存款保险公司）购买了一家银行。
Another?
其他？
Adam Davidson Another is, he took advantage of a variety of government programs that allowed him to buy up these toxic assets you always hear about at really low prices with government guarantees, almost guaranteeing that he would make money.
亚当·戴维森（Adam Davidson）的另一个例子是，他利用了各种政府计划，这些计划允许他在政府担保下以非常低的价格购买这些你总是听说的有毒资产，几乎保证他会赚钱。
So yeah, he'll have to pay taxes.
所以是的，他必须纳税。
He's a billionaire, and he's made a lot of money, even during the crisis.
他是亿万富翁，即使在危机期间也赚了很多钱。
But a good chunk of the money he's made is the direct result of what President Obama and his administration have done to help out Wall Street.
但他赚到的钱有很大一部分是奥巴马总统及其政府为帮助华尔街所做的努力的直接结果。
And so how much whining and complaining are Wall Street guys doing about the federal government now?
那么，华尔街的人现在对联邦政府有多少牢骚和抱怨呢？
Like this guy, Stephen Schwarzman, is he an outlier?
像史蒂芬·施瓦茨曼这样的人，他是一个异类吗？
My view is, he represents a much broader view, and he's one of a very few who have the guts and confidence to say that.
我的观点是，他代表了更广泛的观点，而且他是极少数有勇气和信心说出这一点的人之一。
It's something I have noticed.
这是我注意到的。
I cover Wall Street a lot.
我经常报道华尔街。
I talk to people who work on Wall Street-- high level people, lower level people-- a lot.
我与在华尔街工作的人——高层人士、低层人士——交谈了很多。
And it's something that I have found sort of maddening.
我觉得这有点令人抓狂。
And if I can use an odious and ridiculous comparison, it reminds me a lot of Ba'athists in Iraq.
如果我可以使用一个令人厌恶和荒谬的比较，它让我想起了伊拉克的很多复兴党分子。
Ba'athists being Saddam Hussein's party.
复兴党是萨达姆·侯赛因的政党。
These are the people who made money, and were in power, when Saddam Hussein was running the country.
当萨达姆侯赛因统治国家时，这些人赚钱并掌权。
Yes, and I'm talking about high level Ba'athists that, when I when in Iraq after the war, the group that I found had the most self-pity, the most, ugh, how horrible my life is, nobody understands me, the world has just turned against me, were those people who had made a fortune through the evil and illegal activities of the Ba'athist regime that they were a part of.
是的，我说的是复兴党高层，当我战后在伊拉克时，我发现最自怜的团体，最，呃，我的生活是多么可怕，没有人理解我，世界刚刚反对我，是那些通过他们所属的复兴党政权的邪恶和非法活动发了财的人。
And it feels very similar when I'm talking to people on Wall Street-- this self-pity combined with a total lack of self-reflection about how they had been such massive beneficiaries of a system that ended up being so bad for the country.
当我与华尔街的人们交谈时，这种感觉非常相似——这种自怜加上完全缺乏自我反省，他们如何成为一个最终对国家造成如此糟糕的体系的巨大受益者。
And that continues to generate huge profits.
这继续产生巨额利润。
Yeah.
是的。
Pretty much every big bank that you can name-- with the possible exception of maybe JPMorgan Chase-- would not exist today.
几乎所有你能说出名字的大银行——也许摩根大通可能是个例外——今天都不会存在。
It would have failed, if it wasn't for the government.
如果没有政府的话，这个计划就失败了。
They are growing quickly and making record profits, huge bonuses.
他们发展迅速，利润创纪录，奖金丰厚。
By some counts, this year will be the biggest bonus year ever for Wall Street, and last year was bigger that any year before.
从某些方面来看，今年将是华尔街有史以来奖金最高的一年，而去年的奖金比以往任何一年都多。
So that bucket of activity-- let's just call it the bailout, although it covers more than the bailout-- most folks on Wall Street, who I know, feel that, well, that was just necessary.
因此，这一系列活动——让我们称之为救助，尽管它涵盖的范围不仅仅是救助——我认识的华尔街的大多数人都认为，嗯，这是必要的。
If we had gone down, the whole US economy, the whole world economy, would have gone down.
如果我们下滑，整个美国经济、整个世界经济都会下滑。
We would have had a Great Depression.
我们将会经历一场大萧条。
And I will say, I'm sympathetic to that argument.
我会说，我同情这个论点。
That being said, it still seems to me that it would be appropriate for folks on Wall Street to say publicly, and to really have inside of their souls, the fact that their businesses failed.
话虽这么说，但在我看来，华尔街的人们应该公开说出他们的企业失败的事实，并且真正从内心深处承认他们的企业失败了。
And something that they have always said they're against, government intervention, rescued them, made them get the opposite of what you're supposed to get in a Capitalist economy-- rewarded, instead of punished, for bad risk management.
他们一直说他们反对的事情是政府干预，拯救了他们，使他们得到了与资本主义经济中应该得到的相反的结果——因为风险管理不善而得到奖励，而不是惩罚。
And instead, I cannot think of a single thing I've heard in the media, or that I have directly heard, that expresses any gratitude and-- there's a few folks who I've heard-- self-reflection.
相反，我想不出我在媒体上听到的或我直接听到的任何一件事可以表达任何感激之情和——我听过一些人的——自我反省。
But I'd say self-reflection is a very small, small percentage of what I hear from Wall Street.
但我想说的是，在我从华尔街听到的信息中，自我反思所占的比例非常小。
But wait.
但是等等。
Isn't there some kind of pro forma, we're very grateful to the federal government for stepping in, sort of thing that big bankers have to say when they give speeches to the public?
难道没有某种形式上的，我们非常感谢联邦政府介入，就像大银行家在向公众发表演讲时必须说的那样吗？
I haven't heard that.
我没听说过。
Ira Glass What about when they go in front of Congress?
艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass）当他们在国会面前时怎么样？
Don't they'd say like, thanks, you saved us, we just want to acknowledge what's happened here in this partnership with the federal government, blah blah blah?
难道他们不会说，谢谢，你救了我们，我们只是想承认在与联邦政府的合作中所发生的事情，等等等等？
I haven't watched every hearing, but I've watched a lot of them, maybe most of them.
我没有观看每场听证会，但我看过很多，也许是大部分。
I can't think of a time that someone said my bank, that I run, would not exist today.
我想不出有哪一次有人说过我经营的银行今天不会存在。
It failed because we took actions that led to our investors and our lenders having no faith in us.
它失败了，因为我们采取的行动导致我们的投资者和贷方对我们失去信心。
But the government stepped in, and because of that, we are making more money than we've ever made before.
但政府介入了，正因为如此，我们赚的钱比以前多了。
Yeah, what about if you go ahead and just talk to the work-a-day people who work on Wall Street?
是的，如果你继续和在华尔街工作的普通人交谈怎么样？
The analysts, the brokers, the traders, the middle level people who make a lot of money.
分析师、经纪人、交易员、赚大钱的中层人士。
Are they whining about the Obama administration?
他们在抱怨奥巴马政府吗？
Are they grateful for the federal government, and all of us taxpayers, saving their asses?
他们是否感谢联邦政府和我们所有纳税人拯救了他们的屁股？
See, this is a perfect example.
看，这是一个完美的例子。
Alex Blumberg, my partner in Planet Money, and I went out for a drink.
我在 Planet Money 的合伙人 Alex Blumberg 和我出去喝了一杯。
And we were out, we went to a Wall Street bar.
我们出去了，去了华尔街的一家酒吧。
And there's this private dining room that had been rented by a group of young guys-- clearly Wall Street guys, suits and ties.
还有一间私人餐厅，是一群年轻人租的——显然是华尔街的家伙，西装革履。
And it was a group of furious Wall Street guys, getting together to figure out what to do about their anger at the President and the Democrats in Congress.
这是一群愤怒的华尔街人士，聚集在一起想办法如何处理他们对总统和国会民主党人的愤怒。
And one of the guy said, I swear to God, they're trying to destroy business in America.
其中一个人说，我向上帝发誓，他们正试图摧毁美国的生意。
And they were discussing, what should we do?
他们正在讨论，我们应该做什么？
How do we fight the President?
我们如何对抗总统？
How do we fight Congress?
我们如何对抗国会？
Should we get a march on Washington?
我们应该向华盛顿游行吗？
Other people were saying, no, that's not going to work.
其他人说，不，那行不通。
And, I gotta say, it was a pretty emblematic moment.
而且，我得说，这是一个非常具有象征意义的时刻。
I'm willing to bet that you could go to just about any bar around Wall Street, any night of the week, and you will find someone complaining about the President, complaining about the government, and all the different ways they are hurting Wall Street.
我敢打赌，你可以在一周的任何一个晚上去华尔街周围的任何酒吧，你都会发现有人在抱怨总统，抱怨政府，以及他们伤害华尔街的各种不同方式。
And in fact, to test this theory, just last week you went with one of our producers, Jane Feltes, to a bar down on Wall Street.
事实上，为了检验这一理论，就在上周，您与我们的一位制作人 Jane Feltes 一起去了华尔街的一家酒吧。
And you talked to just random guys who you walked up to at the bar.
你和酒吧里随机遇到的人交谈过。
Yeah, exactly.
是的，完全正确。
The bar was called Pound & Pence.
这家酒吧名叫 Pound & Pence。
It's literally across the street from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York-- filled with guys talking about their options, hedging strategies, and their new software database for monitoring capital flows.
它就在纽约联邦储备银行的街对面，里面挤满了人，谈论他们的选择、对冲策略以及用于监控资本流动的新软件数据库。
And you found these guys, and you recorded conversations.
然后你找到了这些人，并记录了对话。
And these guys very much felt like they are the victims.
这些人非常觉得自己是受害者。
They are being scapegoated by the federal government.
他们正成为联邦政府的替罪羊。
The government must, must, must have an enemy.
政府必须、必须、必须有敌人。
Because if they don't have an enemy, they're the enemy.
因为如果他们没有敌人，他们就是敌人。
So Wall Street is the current enemy, OK?
所以华尔街是当前的敌人，好吗？
So it was three guys, and it was actually kind of moving.
所以这是三个人，这实际上有点令人感动。
It's right after September 11.
就在9月11日之后。
They all worked together in, I think it was, the second tower of the World Trade Centers.
我认为他们都在世贸中心的第二座塔楼里一起工作。
On September 11, they're on the 58th floor, One guy was saying that he didn't want to leave the building.
9月11日，他们在58楼，一个人说他不想离开大楼。
And the other guy told him he had to leave, so every year they have a drink.
另一个人告诉他他必须离开，所以他们每年都会喝酒。
He buys his friend a drink for saving his life.
他请朋友喝了一杯酒，以救他的命。
They now all work for different companies, but they get together around September 11 every year.
他们现在都在不同的公司工作，但每年的9月11日左右都会聚在一起。
Now, I've listened to this tape before.
现在，我以前听过这盘磁带。
We walked into the studio, and we're just going to play snippets here.
我们走进录音室，我们要在这里播放一些片段。
But it was interesting.
但这很有趣。
It's interesting hearing it, how at no point will they cop to the notion that they benefited from the government's actions.
听到这个很有趣，他们在任何时候都不会承认他们从政府的行为中受益。
Even once.
即使一次。
You think everybody that works on Wall Street has money from the bailout?
你认为在华尔街工作的每个人都从救助中得到了钱吗？
Is that what you really think?
你真的是这么想的吗？
I think the reason Wall Street still exists, in this form today, where you're all sitting in a bar drinking beers--
我认为华尔街仍然以今天的形式存在的原因，你们都坐在酒吧里喝啤酒——
Now, I should say you guys are shouting not because you're angry, but because it's just really loud.
现在，我应该说你们大喊大叫不是因为你们生气，而是因为声音太大了。
Yeah, it was a really loud bar.
是的，那是一个非常吵闹的酒吧。
It was packed.
它已经挤满了人。
And we've been arguing with these guys.
我们一直在和这些人争论。
We've been going back and forth for quite awhile at this point.
我们已经来来回回了很长一段时间了。
So you're an institutional investor, you work for a credit rating agency.
因此，您是机构投资者，为信用评级机构工作。
What do you do?
你做什么工作？
All right.
好的。
I can guarantee your bank would've gone under.
我可以保证你的银行会倒闭。
Your stock valuation would've collapsed.
你的股票估值将会崩溃。
Your credit rating agencies--
您的信用评级机构——
Are out of business.
都倒闭了。
Adam Davidson --would've been out of business.
亚当戴维森——就会破产。
All three of you directly benefited from the bailout.
你们三个都直接受益于救助。
How am I crazy?
我怎么疯了？
Bar Patron 1 You're crazy, babe!
酒吧老板 1 你疯了，宝贝！
So what do you do?
那么你做什么呢？
Don't bail it out?
不保释吗？
That's the question.
这就是问题所在。
Do you not bail it out?
你不把它救出来吗？
I don't know.
我不知道。
Bar Patron 1 OK.
酒吧顾客 1 好的。
So you let it tank.
所以你让它坦克。
It's up to you.
由你决定。
I would like to bail it out, and I would like to walk into a bar in lower Manhattan, and have one of you thank me.
我想摆脱困境，我想走进曼哈顿下城的一家酒吧，让你们中的一个人感谢我。
Thank you, I still have my job and I appreciate it.
谢谢你，我仍然有我的工作，我很感激。
Why do you want that?
你为什么想要那个？
Jane Feltes You guys still have your jobs.
简·费尔特斯 你们还有你们的工作。
Because I'm a smart person.
因为我是一个聪明人。
Jane Feltes And you think you got to keep your job because you're smart?
简·费尔特斯：你认为你必须保住工作是因为你很聪明？
You got to keep your job because you guys got bailed out.
你们必须保住工作，因为你们已经被保释了。
You guys got bailed--
你们被保释了——
No, no, no, no, no. That's not what happened with my job.
不，不，不，不，不。我的工作却没有发生这样的事。
I mean, survival of the fittest.
我的意思是，适者生存。
Because I'm smarter than the average person.
因为我比一般人聪明。
And even if the government bails out your industry that failed, you still say it's because you're smarter.
即使政府救助了你失败的行业，你仍然会说这是因为你更聪明。
No. The government bailing out an industry was out of necessity for whatever the situation was.
不。无论情况如何，政府救助一个行业都是出于必要。
The fact that I benefited from that is because I'm smart.
事实上，我从中受益是因为我很聪明。
I took advantage of a situation.
我利用了一个情况。
95% of the population doesn't have that common sense.
95%的人没有这个常识。
The only reason I've been doing this for so long is because I must be smarter than the next guy.
我这么长时间以来一直这样做的唯一原因是因为我必须比下一个人更聪明。
They basically saw it as their own individual initiative is what put them where they are today, government had nothing to do about it.
他们基本上认为这是他们自己的个人主动性使他们达到了今天的水平，政府对此没有任何帮助。
Yes.
是的。
My thought is-- that for at least some folks on Wall Street-- you have to come up with a story that explains to you why you are making so much more than other people, even if you feel you are dramatically benefiting society.
我的想法是——至少对于华尔街的一些人来说——你必须想出一个故事来向你解释为什么你比其他人赚得更多，即使你觉得你正在极大地造福社会。
And I think the story they come up with is that they are battling in a true free market.
我认为他们想出的故事是他们正在一个真正的自由市场中战斗。
That they are taking risky bets, and they are paying the cost when those bets don't pay off, and they're reaping the rewards when those bets do pay off.
他们正在进行冒险的赌注，当这些赌注没有得到回报时，他们就会付出成本；而当这些赌注得到回报时，他们就会获得回报。
I don't think that can possibly be defended by a careful study of what has happened.
我认为仔细研究所发生的事情并不能证明这一点。
I think it's quite the opposite.
我认为事实恰恰相反。
I think Wall Street firms took enormously risky bets, reaped whatever rewards there were to make, but did not have to pay the costs when those bets did not pay off.
我认为华尔街公司进行了风险极大的赌注，获得了一切可以得到的回报，但当这些赌注没有得到回报时，他们不必支付成本。
The rest of us did.
我们其他人也这么做了。
And do the Wall days have a legitimate beef?
柏林墙时期有合法的抱怨吗？
Is there something that Obama has done to them that they're right to get mad about?
奥巴马对他们做了什么事情，他们有理由生气吗？
I think that there are two things that I see as, at least, somewhat legitimate.
我认为有两件事至少在某种程度上是合理的。
Yes.
是的。
One thing that I'd say, sure, they have a right to be mad about-- in the sense that any of us would-- is they're going to make less money, probably.
我想说的一件事，当然，他们有权利生气——从我们任何人都会生气的意义上来说——他们可能会赚更少的钱。
These regulatory reforms are going to come into place over the next two, three years.
这些监管改革将在未来两三年内实施。
And we know that some of those were specifically designed to lessen profits for Wall Street banks.
我们知道其中一些是专门为了减少华尔街银行的利润而设计的。
Capital reserve requirements-- the amount of money you have to hold on hand-- we know that capital reserve requirements are going to increase, and that directly means they'll make less money.
资本准备金要求——你手头必须持有的金额——我们知道资本准备金要求将会增加，这直接意味着他们赚的钱会减少。
Because, basically, they have to hold more money on hand.
因为，基本上，他们手头必须持有更多的钱。
So they can't either use that money as their profits or go out and invest that and make more money with.
因此，他们既不能用这些钱作为利润，也不能出去投资并赚更多的钱。
Right.
正确的。
There's a whole host of other things that the regulatory reform closes off that were avenues to profits.
监管改革还关闭了许多其他利润途径。
So yes, I think definitely-- it's almost indisputable-- that in the short term, regulatory reform will mean they will make less money than they would have otherwise.
所以，是的，我认为毫无疑问——这几乎是无可争议的——在短期内，监管改革将意味着他们赚的钱将比其他方式少。
The second issue is vilification.
第二个问题是诽谤。
I think if you work on Wall Street-- actually I can assert this 100%-- you feel vilified.
我认为，如果你在华尔街工作——实际上我可以 100% 断言——你会感到受到侮辱。
And I think if you work within Wall Street, chances are you didn't work directly with subprime mortgages, and collateralized debt obligations, and derivatives, or any of the things that got the economy in trouble, or were central to the financial crisis.
我认为，如果你在华尔街工作，你很可能不会直接从事次级抵押贷款、债务抵押债券、衍生品或任何导致经济陷入困境或成为金融危机核心的事物的工作。
I'm just thinking about your comparison to the Ba'athists in Iraq.
我只是在想你与伊拉克复兴党的比较。
Is it just it that these people who are in a position of such privilege will just whine more, because they're just used to being on top and getting their way?
难道这些享有如此特权的人只会更加抱怨，因为他们只是习惯了居高临下、为所欲为吗？
Yeah.
是的。
I spent a lot of time in Haiti this year, and I spent a lot of time with wealthy Haitians and with poor Haitians.
今年我在海地度过了很多时间，与富有的海地人和贫穷的海地人一起度过了很多时间。
And I would say the wealthy Haitians definitely went out for being more crybabyish.
我想说的是，富有的海地人肯定是因为更加爱哭才出去的。
People don't understand us.
人们不理解我们。
People are getting in our way.
人们挡住了我们的路。
The poor Haitians are literally the poorest people on earth, and it's not that I never heard complaining, but it wasn't nearly as much.
贫穷的海地人确实是地球上最贫穷的人，我并不是从未听到过抱怨，但也没有听到那么多。
I'd say I had a very similar experience in Banda Aceh after the tsunami.
我想说海啸发生后我在班达亚齐也有过非常相似的经历。
That has been my experience-- that the rich and the powerful, when there is a shock, are much more vocal and much more self-pitying than the poor.
我的经验是——当发生冲击时，富人和有权势的人比穷人更直言不讳，也更自怜。
Maybe the poor are more used to these shocks.
也许穷人更习惯这些冲击。
Maybe they have lower expectations about the future.
也许他们对未来的期望较低。
But this Wall Street stuff didn't surprise me, although it is disappointing.
但华尔街的事情并没有让我感到惊讶，尽管它令人失望。
Adam Davidson of Planet Money, which is a co-production of our show and NPR News.
Planet Money 的 Adam Davidson，该节目是我们的节目和 NPR 新闻的联合制作。
You can find the Planet Money blog, or hear their great, twice-weekly podcast for absolutely free at npr.org/money.
您可以在 npr.org/money 找到 Planet Money 博客，或者完全免费收听他们每周两次的精彩播客。
[MUSIC - "I GET MONEY" BY 50 CENT]
[音乐 - “我得到 50 美分的钱”]
Act Two.
第二幕。
Foul Play.
犯规行为。
Sports, of course, is a place where there are some of the biggest crybabies, or people who get called crybabies, anyway.
当然，体育运动是一个存在一些最大的爱哭鬼的地方，或者无论如何都被称为爱哭鬼的人。
And in professional basketball, in the NBA, there's a kind of institutionalized crybabying called the flop, which has not always been part of the game.
在职业篮球比赛中，在 NBA 中，有一种制度化的哭闹现象，称为“失败”，但它并不总是比赛的一部分。
One of our producers, Alex Blumberg, has been watching basketball for a long time and started to wonder if the story that basketball fans tell themselves about the origins of flop is even true.
我们的制作人之一亚历克斯·布隆伯格（Alex Blumberg）观看篮球比赛很长时间，并开始怀疑篮球迷告诉自己的关于失败的起源的故事是否属实。
But first, a quick explanation of the flop.
但首先，快速解释一下翻牌圈。
What you do when you flop is that you try to sell to the referee the fact that you were fouled.
当你失败时你要做的就是试图向裁判推销你被犯规的事实。
So you basically pretend that somebody fouled you very hard.
所以你基本上假装有人对你犯规得很厉害。
And you fall backwards, and you fall down perhaps, or you throw up your hands in the air, even if the contact was incidental, or in some cases, non-existent.
你向后倒下，也许你倒下了，或者你把手举到空中，即使接触是偶然的，或者在某些情况下，根本不存在。
It's acting.
这是演戏。
I think Raja Bell flopped his way into that call.
我认为 Raja Bell 失败了。
Ginobili and Bell-- two of the best floppers in the league.
吉诺比利和贝尔——联盟中最好的两个失败者。
A little push, but not enough to draw that kind of reaction.
稍微推动一下，但还不足以引起那种反应。
Then I get the ball.
然后我得到球。
You committed a foul, then there's a turnover.
你犯规了，然后就有失误。
I get the ball.
我拿到球了。
You have a foul against you.
你犯规了。
If you get six fouls, you're out of the game.
如果你被六次犯规，你就出局。
And Boozer just throws Horry to the ground.
布泽尔直接把霍里扔到了地上。
He didn't throw him!
他没有扔他！
Basketball Commentator 2 And nice flop by Manu Ginobili.
篮球评论员 2 马努·吉诺比利的精彩失败。
I thought they weren't going to call that flop anymore.
我以为他们不会再跟注翻牌了。
Now, there's a story that people tell about the flop, about where it came from.
现在，人们讲述了一个关于失败的故事，讲述它的来源。
And can I just have you tell us that story?
我可以请你告诉我们那个故事吗？
Yes, I can.
是的，我可以。
And this story is almost like hardened conventional wisdom among NBA fans.
这个故事几乎就像 NBA 球迷中根深蒂固的传统智慧一样。
If you search on the Internet, you'll find all sorts of versions of this story.
如果你在互联网上搜索，你会发现这个故事的各种版本。
But it's best summed up by this guy Bill Simmons who wrote a post about flopping.
但比尔·西蒙斯对此做了最好的总结，他写了一篇关于失败的文章。
Bill Simmons is?
比尔·西蒙斯是？
Alex Blumberg Bill Simmons is a columnist for ESPN.
亚历克斯·布隆伯格比尔·西蒙斯是 ESPN 的专栏作家。
He's got a podcast.
他有一个播客。
He's this world famous sports columnist.
他是一位世界著名的体育专栏作家。
He's got a big book.
他有一本大书。
And he wrote in this post, "the single most disgusting NBA development of the past few years: the flopping.
他在这篇文章中写道，“过去几年NBA最令人厌恶的发展：失败。
Slowly, regretfully, inexplicably, the sport is morphing into soccer." And that's because, if you watched recently the World Cup, you would see regularly in game after game, every game had this-- where it would feature two guys, a guy dribbling the ball on somebody.
慢慢地、令人遗憾地、令人费解地，这项运动正在演变成足球。”那是因为，如果你最近观看世界杯，你会经常在一场又一场的比赛中看到，每场比赛都有这样的场景——其中会有两个人，一个人带球到某人身上。
And then all of a sudden, the guy dribbling the ball would crash to the ground, throw up his arms, roll around grabbing his ankle, writhing in pain.
然后突然间，那个运球的家伙会摔倒在地，举起双臂，抓住他的脚踝，翻滚着，痛苦地扭动着。
And then they'd show the replay, and you'd see that nobody touched the guy.
然后他们会播放重播，你会发现没有人碰那个人。
He'd just fallen over.
他刚刚摔倒了。
And that happened every single game.
每场比赛都会发生这种情况。
And in soccer, there are players who are known as being great floppers.
在足球界，有些球员被称为伟大的失败者。
The word flop really comes from there.
“失败”这个词确实是从那里来的。
It's clearly a part of the game in soccer.
这显然是足球比赛的一部分。
And so the story goes that as more and more Europeans started playing NBA basketball, Europeans have been raised in the culture of soccer, they all embrace the culture of the flop, and then when they started playing basketball, they brought it with them to the NBA.
所以故事是这样的，随着越来越多的欧洲人开始打NBA篮球，欧洲人是在足球文化中长大的，他们都接受翻牌文化，然后当他们开始打篮球时，他们把它带到了NBA。
That's the story.
这就是故事。
So if this conventional wisdom were true, if this legend were true, that means that somewhere, there's a patient zero.
因此，如果这个传统观点是正确的，如果这个传说是正确的，那就意味着在某个地方，有一个零号病人。
There's a player who was carrying the virus from European soccer into American basketball.
有一名球员将病毒从欧洲足球带到了美国篮球。
Do we know who that patient zero is?
我们知道零号病人是谁吗？
Who is that crossover athlete?
那个跨界运动员是谁？
Well, we do.
嗯，我们愿意。
I did some poking around on the Internet, and everybody points to one guy.
我在网上查了一下，每个人都指出了一个人。
The one guy who brought the flop to the NBA.
就是那个给 NBA 带来失败的人。
And that guy is Vlade Divac.
那个人就是弗拉德·迪瓦茨。
Who'd he play for?
他为谁打球？
Alex Blumberg Well, he started playing in 1989.
Alex Blumberg 嗯，他从 1989 年开始打球。
He started playing for the Lakers and then he played for the Sacramento Kings for a while.
他开始为湖人队效力，然后为萨克拉门托国王队效力了一段时间。
And then he went back to the Lakers.
然后他又回到了湖人队。
And Vlade Divac-- he's such the perfect patient zero, because he's this gigantic Serbian guy.
还有弗拉德·迪瓦茨——他是完美的零号病人，因为他是个巨大的塞尔维亚人。
He's 7'1, he's got the definition of a hangdog face.
他身高 7 英尺 1 英寸，有着一张下垂脸的定义。
He's just got this long face with this permanent five o'clock shadow.
他的脸很长，永远有五点钟的阴影。
And these sad, droopy eyes.
还有这双悲伤、下垂的眼睛。
And then his former coach Dell Harris, one time, was asked about it, and somebody asked Harris if he taught Vlade to flop, and Harris said and I quote, "are you kidding?
然后，有一次，他的前教练戴尔·哈里斯（Dell Harris）被问及此事，有人问哈里斯是否教弗拉德假摔，哈里斯说，我引用一下，“你在开玩笑吗？
He brought that over here and taught the whole NBA how to flop." And you would see these games, and he was always playing.
他把这一点带到了这里，并教会了整个NBA如何失败。”你会看到这些比赛，而他总是在比赛。
And so during his heyday, he played for the Sacramento Kings.
因此，在他的全盛时期，他为萨克拉门托国王队效力。
They were really good, and he was always matched up against the LA Lakers who had Shaquille O'Neal, who was the dominant, gigantic, center.
他们真的很棒，他总是与拥有沙奎尔·奥尼尔（Shaquille O'Neal）的洛杉矶湖人队比赛，而奥尼尔是统治力巨大的中锋。
He's immense, heavy, strong, super fast.
他巨大、沉重、强壮、速度超快。
He's superhuman.
他是超人。
Impossible to guard, except Vlade Divac had to guard him all the time.
不可能防守，但弗拉德·迪瓦茨必须一直防守他。
And so the games were replete with scenes of Vlade Divac just sort of flopping in all sorts of manner.
因此，比赛中充满了弗拉德·迪瓦茨以各种方式失败的场景。
Shaq would turn around and Vlade would go flying back, and then the refs would call a foul on Shaq.
沙克会转身，弗拉德会飞回来，然后裁判会吹沙克犯规。
But the problem with the flop is that it's a lie.
但翻牌圈的问题在于它是一个谎言。
Oh right, you weren't really fouled.
哦，对了，你并没有真正犯规。
And yet somebody has to serve the time for you being fouled.
然而，如果你被犯规，就必须有人服刑。
Exactly.
确切地。
And so you've penalized somebody else.
所以你已经惩罚了别人。
And then it also becomes-- if it takes a hold, it sort of self-perpetuates.
然后它也会变得——如果它站稳脚跟，它就会自我延续。
It's like corruption.
这就像腐败。
Once one person gets away with flopping, then an incentive is raised for other people to start flopping.
一旦一个人失败了，就会激励其他人开始失败。
Because if they're going to do it, well then I have to do it back.
因为如果他们要这么做，那么我也必须这么做。
And then it sort of spreads very quickly.
然后它传播得非常快。
Ira Glass So that's the generally accepted story.
Ira Glass：这就是普遍接受的故事。
Yeah, there's only one problem.
是的，只有一个问题。
It might not be true.
这可能不是真的。
I talked to a guy named Tommy Craggs.
我和一个叫汤米·克拉格斯的人谈过。
And he's a sports writer at this fantastic website called Deadspin, which is a sports commentary blog, and he totally disagrees with this theory.
他是这个名为 Deadspin 的出色网站（一个体育评论博客）的体育撰稿人，他完全不同意这一理论。
I don't think Vlade Divac was the-- I don't think flopping was born with him.
我不认为弗拉德·迪瓦茨是——我不认为翻牌是他与生俱来的。
And I think what we see is the proliferation of flopping was really more a response to rule changes.
我认为我们看到的是翻牌的激增实际上更多的是对规则变化的反应。
So he's saying it's not the Europeans who brought this to us, it's our own rule changes.
所以他说这不是欧洲人给我们带来的，而是我们自己的规则改变。
Government intervention, if you will.
如果你愿意的话，政府干预。
Yes, exactly.
是的，完全正确。
He's saying the temptation is always to blame the culture, but really it's the regulation that changed, and it created the culture that followed.
他说人们总是倾向于责怪文化，但实际上是规则发生了变化，并创造了随之而来的文化。
And so the specific rule change that he's talking about is, there used to be this thing in basketball called the hand check, where-- let's say you're Michael Jordan.
所以他所说的具体规则变化是，篮球中曾经有一种叫做手部检查的东西，假设你是迈克尔·乔丹。
Yeah, let's say that.
是的，我们这么说吧。
Alex Blumberg And I have the unenviable task of guarding you.
亚历克斯·布隆伯格 我肩负着守护你的艰巨任务。
Back when Michael Jordan played, I could put my hand on you a little bit, I could put my elbow on you.
当迈克尔乔丹打球的时候，我可以把手放在你身上一点，我可以把我的肘部放在你身上。
I had all these tools at my disposal to try to slow you down.
我拥有所有这些可以使用的工具来试图减慢你的速度。
Even though you were faster than I could ever hope to be, you were the most dominant offensive player ever to play the game, I had some tools that I could use to help even the score a little.
尽管你的速度比我希望的要快，但你是这场比赛中最具统治力的进攻球员，我有一些工具可以用来帮助扳平比分。
But then-- partly because of Jordan, and other factors as well-- the NBA started tweaking the rules, and they made the hand check illegal.
但后来——部分是因为乔丹和其他因素——NBA开始调整规则，他们将手牌检查定为非法。
So you can't touch at all.
所以根本就不能碰。
Alex Blumberg You still do.
亚历克斯·布隆伯格（Alex Blumberg）你仍然如此。
But yes, it gets whistled a lot more.
但是，是的，它被吹口哨的次数更多了。
It's called as a foul a lot more.
更多的是被称为犯规。
And so what that means is that as a defensive player-- say I'm a slow defensive player, and I'm playing a fast offense player, whereas before I could hold them, muscle them around a little bit, now I got nothing.
所以这意味着，作为一名防守球员——假设我是一名缓慢的防守球员，而我正在扮演一名快速的进攻球员，而在我能够控制住他们，稍微用力地围绕他们之前，现在我什么也得不到。
A flop is the defensive player's last resort.
翻牌是防守球员最后的手段。
And it's something that a defensive player can do to gain a tiny advantage back.
防守球员可以通过这样做来重新获得微小的优势。
And the incentive to do it is incredibly high.
而且这样做的动机非常高。
I mean, by drawing an offensive foul, it's a turnover and a foul on your opponent.
我的意思是，进攻犯规就是对对手的失误和犯规。
And I think there have been studies that show that there's a small correlation between winning and teams that draw offensive fouls.
我认为有研究表明，获胜和犯规的球队之间存在很小的相关性。
Now, Tommy Craggs also takes issue with the convention wisdom in the second way as well.
现在，汤米·克拉格斯也以第二种方式对传统智慧提出了质疑。
Most basketball fans, if you talk to them about flopping, they say it is a scourge upon the game.
大多数篮球迷，如果你和他们谈论摔倒，他们会说这是比赛的祸害。
They hate it, and they think it's the sissifying and Europization of the game.
他们讨厌它，他们认为这是游戏的女性化和欧洲化。
Rasheed Wallace, he's a player in the NBA.
拉希德华莱士，他是一名NBA球员。
He's also very outspoken.
他也非常直言不讳。
He's one of my favorite players.
他是我最喜欢的球员之一。
And Rasheed, he's somebody that people point to a lot as being a whiner and a crybaby, because he constantly complains to the refs about getting fouled himself.
还有拉希德，人们经常认为他是一个爱发牢骚、爱哭鬼的人，因为他经常向裁判抱怨自己被犯规。
But he hates it when people flop.
但他讨厌人们失败。
And he was playing this game, and his opponents had been flopping, and he said that's not basketball.
他正在玩这个游戏，而他的对手却失败了，他说这不是篮球。
That's entertainment.
这就是娱乐。
So that's this other conventional view.
这就是另一种传统观点。
Tommy Craggs, though, he doesn't mind flopping.
不过，汤米·克拉格斯并不介意失败。
I think with flopping in particular, it's the tax we pay to have a more liberated game, to have a more offensive-oriented game.
我认为尤其是翻牌，这是我们为拥有更自由的游戏、更具进攻性的游戏而付出的代价。
I think what you would call the flopping era.
我想你会称之为失败时代。
It's also the more beautiful era.
也是一个更加美好的时代。
It's also the dunking era, and the amazing drive to the basket era, and the behind the back pass era.
这也是扣篮时代，也是惊人的突破篮下时代，也是背后传球时代。
And a lot of other really exciting things that people like about basketball has come hand-in-hand with the flopping era.
人们喜欢篮球的许多其他真正令人兴奋的事情也与失败的时代齐头并进。
Yeah.
是的。
And if it means we have a more beautiful game, I can live with players occasionally doing the death scene from Little Women.
如果这意味着我们有一个更漂亮的游戏，我可以接受玩家偶尔做《小妇人》中的死亡场景。
You know, there was this incident recently where Derek Jeter was standing at the plate and pretended that he got hit with a ball and got a free base.
你知道，最近发生了这样的事件，德里克·杰特站在本垒板前假装自己被球击中并获得了空垒。
This is a baseball game.
这是一场棒球比赛。
And then looking back at the video, you see oh, the ball didn't even touch him.
然后回头看视频，你会发现哦，球甚至没有碰到他。
But he totally faked it.
但他完全是假装的。
And there was a debate about well, was this right?
有人争论过，这是正确的吗？
Was this what baseball should be?
这就是棒球应该有的样子吗？
And do you think that at this point, since the flop exists in soccer, since it exists in basketball, that now basically it's like a pan-sports movement?
你是否认为在这一点上，既然翻牌存在于足球中，既然存在于篮球中，那么现在基本上它就像一个泛体育运动？
That basically it's just in the culture, and now anybody can grab at it in any sport and it's just out there?
基本上它只是存在于文化中，现在任何人都可以在任何运动中抓住它，而且它就在那里？
Yeah, I do.
是的，我愿意。
I don't think if we just had the World Cup, where you saw players flopping all over the place, I don't think that Derek Jeter would have necessarily had that idea.
我不认为如果我们刚刚举办了世界杯，你会看到球员们到处乱摔，我不认为德里克·杰特一定会有这个想法。
I mean, it's harder to flop in baseball, there aren't as many opportunities.
我的意思是，在棒球比赛中失败更难，机会也没有那么多。
But I don't think he would have done that if it wasn't for the expansion of flopping throughout professional sports.
但我认为，如果不是假摔在职业体育运动中的普及，他也不会这么做。
Like, Derek Jeter-- he's unquestionably one of the best players ever to play baseball, and so in a certain sense-- to be that good, you have to have this do whatever it takes to win mentality.
就像德里克·杰特——毫无疑问，他是有史以来最好的棒球运动员之一，所以从某种意义上说——要想做到那么出色，你必须不惜一切代价赢得胜利。
There's just no way that you can achieve his level without having this incredibly competitive streak in you.
如果你没有这种令人难以置信的竞争能力，你就不可能达到他的水平。
But can you imagine Michael Jordan flopping?
但你能想象迈克尔乔丹失败吗？
No. Ira Glass There would be just no dignity it it.
不，艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass）这样的话就没有尊严了。
No. But see, that's not fair.
不，但是你看，这不公平。
It's like, can you imagine God cheating on a test?
就像，你能想象上帝在考试中作弊吗？
God doesn't need to cheat on a test.
上帝不需要在考试中作弊。
You know what I mean?
你知道我的意思？
Alex Blumberg is one of the producers of our show.
亚历克斯·布隆伯格是我们节目的制片人之一。
Coming up: how to make a living by complaining.
接下来：如何通过抱怨谋生。
That's in a minute, from Chicago Public Radio and Public Radio International when our program continues.
稍后，芝加哥公共广播电台和国际公共广播电台将继续我们的节目。
This American Life, I'm Ira Glass.
这个美国生活，我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Each week on our show, of course, we choose a theme, bring you a variety of different kinds of stories on that theme.
当然，我们的节目每周都会选择一个主题，为您带来有关该主题的各种不同类型的故事。
Today's show: crybabies, stories of whiners, complainers, malcontents, and how being a crybaby can get you what you need and get results, and maybe even sometimes yes, justice.
今天的节目：爱哭鬼，关于抱怨者、抱怨者、不满者的故事，以及成为一个爱哭鬼如何让你得到你需要的东西并得到结果，甚至有时是的，正义。
We have arrived at Act three of our show.
我们已经到了演出的第三幕了。
Act Three.
第三幕。
The Squeaky Wheelchair Gets the Grease.
吱吱作响的轮椅得到了润滑脂。
In California, a kind of a crybaby cottage industry has popped up around, of all things, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the federal law that requires all public places to meet a minimum level of accessibility-- parking spaces, ramps, grab bars in the bathroom.
在加利福尼亚州，一种爱哭鬼家庭手工业在《美国残疾人法案》周围兴起，这项联邦法律要求所有公共场所达到最低无障碍水平——停车位、坡道、浴室扶手。
Some people have taken to suing hundreds of business owners for not being up to code.
有些人已经开始起诉数百名不遵守规范的企业主。
Alex MacInnis hung out with one of them.
亚历克斯·麦金尼斯和其中之一一起出去玩。
Behind a furniture store in West Los Angeles, I'm on a tour of handicap parking spaces with a guy named Tom Mundy.
在西洛杉矶的一家家具店后面，我正在和一个名叫汤姆·蒙迪的人一起参观残疾人停车位。
He drives a baby blue minivan.
他开着一辆淡蓝色的小型货车。
A handicap placard dangles from his rear-view mirror.
他的后视镜上悬挂着一张残疾人标语牌。
I'm backing into a handicap spot.
我正在倒车进入一个障碍点。
I'm going to show you what this place is making me use.
我将向你展示这个地方让我有什么用处。
Tom flips one of several toggle switches on his dashboard.
汤姆按下仪表板上的几个拨动开关之一。
All right.
好的。
Stand clear.
站稳。
Alex Macinnis And the van's side door slides open.
亚历克斯·麦金尼斯 货车的侧门滑开了。
A ramp unfolds into the empty space next to the handicap spot, which is striped with diagonal lines to keep anyone from parking there.
坡道展开到障碍点旁边的空地上，坡道上有对角线条纹，以防止任何人在那里停车。
He is showing producer Brian Reed and me why this spot is, for him, completely useless.
他正在向制片人布莱恩·里德和我展示为什么这个位置对他来说完全没用。
That striped space, the access aisle, is only five feet wide.
那个条纹空间，即通道，只有五英尺宽。
So, here is a typical handicap spot without an eight foot access aisle.
因此，这里是一个典型的障碍点，没有八英尺的通道。
I can get out.
我可以出去。
I'm going to roll right into the bushes if you want me to get out.
如果你想让我出去，我就滚进灌木丛里。
I'd love to see you try.
我很乐意看到你尝试。
It'd be dramatic.
这将是戏剧性的。
Unless you feel it's going to be painful.
除非你觉得会很痛苦。
I can't-- how am I going to-- I don't know if I can turn around and get out.
我不能——我该怎么——我不知道我是否可以转身出去。
And come back up.
然后回来。
There's not enough room at the bottom of my ramp, and I would end up in the bushes.
坡道底部没有足够的空间，我最终会进入灌木丛。
A while back, Tom came here to buy a dining room table.
不久前，汤姆来这里买一张餐桌。
But when he couldn't get out of his van, he sued the owner of the parking lot under the ADA, the Americans with Disabilities Act.
但当他无法下车时，他根据《美国残疾人法案》（ADA）起诉了停车场的所有者。
California is one of only a few states where, rather than just suing to get the problem fixed, you can actually sue for money that goes to you-- $4,000 per violation.
加利福尼亚州是少数几个州之一，您不仅可以通过起诉来解决问题，还可以通过起诉获得赔偿金（每次违规 4,000 美元）。
And Tom, like a handful of other people in California, makes his living doing this over and over.
汤姆和加州的其他一些人一样，一遍又一遍地以此谋生。
He has no other job.
他没有其他工作。
It's his sole means of support.
这是他唯一的支撑手段。
All right, so you just want to follow me Alex?
好吧，所以你只是想跟着我亚历克斯？
OK.
好的。
Alex Macinnis For the next hour, Tom leads us along eight blocks, pointing out a half dozen businesses he's sued.
亚历克斯·麦金尼斯 在接下来的一个小时里，汤姆带领我们走过八个街区，指出了他起诉的六家企业。
From the first parking lot, we cross the street to a cramped strip mall with a dry cleaners, a beauty salon and a store that sells breast feeding supplies.
从第一个停车场出发，我们穿过街道来到一个狭窄的购物中心，里面有干洗店、美容院和一家出售母乳喂养用品的商店。
We're in another parking lot, and once again, I'm trapped in my van.
我们在另一个停车场，我再一次被困在我的货车里。
I can't get out.
我出不去。
Next, down the road, a steakhouse with a giant medal cow hanging proudly over the entrance.
接下来，沿着路走，有一家牛排馆，入口处骄傲地悬挂着一头巨大的奖章牛。
And we just drove through their gigantic parking lot and there's zero parking for disabled.
我们刚刚开车穿过他们巨大的停车场，残疾人停车位为零。
Then there's this McDonald's around the corner, which actually fixed its parking lot because of Tom's lawsuit.
然后拐角处就有一家麦当劳，由于汤姆的诉讼，它实际上修复了停车场。
I asked Tom, how many ADA violations are in this one neighborhood, if he had to guess.
我问汤姆，如果让他猜的话，这个街区有多少起违反《美国残疾人法》的行为。
He says hundreds.
他说有数百个。
Do you have any estimates as to how many lawsuits you brought within this one-mile radius?
您是否估算过在这一半径一英里内您提起了多少起诉讼？
Like, more than 10?
比如，超过10个？
I would say probably more than 10 where we're sitting right now.
我想说，我们现在坐的地方可能不止 10 个。
Would you say that you might have brought as many as 50 lawsuits in this area?
你说你在这方面提起的诉讼可能多达50起吗？
I would say in West LA, probably at least 50 right where I'm sitting now.
我想说，在西洛杉矶，我现在坐的地方可能至少有 50 个。
That's 50 lawsuits in West LA alone.
仅在西洛杉矶就有 50 起诉讼。
Tom's best guess for how many he's filed altogether since moving to California three years ago-- over 500.
Tom 的最佳猜测是，自三年前搬到加利福尼亚以来，他总共提交了多少份申请——超过 500 份。
Tom won't say how much he makes doing this.
汤姆不愿透露他这样做能赚多少钱。
Most cases settle out of court for a thousand or two.
大多数案件在庭外和解，费用为一千或两。
But one attorney, who regularly defends business owners in these cases, estimated Tom has pulled in upwards of half a million dollars in three years.
但一位经常在这些案件中为企业主辩护的律师估计，汤姆在三年内已经赚了超过 50 万美元。
I don't want to talk about the money side of it.
我不想谈论金钱方面的事情。
I think a lot of people focus on the money issue, and it's not always about the money.
我认为很多人都关注钱的问题，但并不总是钱的问题。
It's about compliance, and the stuff should have been done by the time I got there.
这是关于合规性的，这些事情应该在我到达那里时完成。
Do you think people misunderstand what you're doing sometimes?
你认为人们有时会误解你在做什么吗？
No, I think most of the time they're misinformed, and they just don't understand.
不，我认为大多数时候他们都被误导了，他们只是不理解。
And I've said several times, I have another wheelchair if you want to sit in it, I can take out, and take you around and show you just little things.
我已经说过好几次了，我还有另一把轮椅，如果你想坐的话，我可以拿出来，带你到处走走，给你看一些小东西。
Not big things like being carried up the steps to get upstairs into a restaurant, but just small things.
不是像被抬上楼梯进入楼上餐厅这样的大事，而是一些小事。
And nobody's ever taken me up on that.
从来没有人接受过我的意见。
After Tom broke his back in a Motocross accident in 1988 he had several jobs in the construction business reviewing blueprints for compliance with accessibility rules.
汤姆在 1988 年的一次摩托车越野赛事故中摔断背部后，他在建筑行业从事过几份工作，负责审查蓝图是否符合无障碍规则。
One company was on a second floor walk up, so he worked all alone reviewing blueprints in a closet on the first floor.
一家公司位于二楼，所以他独自在一楼的壁橱里审查蓝图。
The bathroom was on the second floor, so if he had to go, he had to get in his van and drive to a gas station across the street.
浴室在二楼，所以如果他必须去的话，他就得开着面包车开到街对面的加油站。
He tried to start his own consulting company to help businesses get up to code, but owners didn't seem interested.
他试图创办自己的咨询公司来帮助企业上手，但业主似乎不感兴趣。
So with the ADA on the books for more than 15 years, and Tom still seeing infractions on a daily basis, he finally decided the gloves were coming off.
因此，随着 ADA 的生效已超过 15 年，而且 Tom 仍然每天都会看到违规行为，他最终决定不再戴手套。
And that's when he found his attorney, Morse Mehrban.
就在那时，他找到了他的律师莫尔斯·梅尔班。
Mr. Mundy, and others like him, have decided enough is enough and being treated as second class citizens is not something they want to live with anymore.
蒙迪先生和其他像他一样的人已经决定受够了，他们不想再被当作二等公民对待。
And the law is on their side.
法律站在他们一边。
Mehrban has become sort of like the Walmart of ADA lawsuits.
Mehrban 有点像 ADA 诉讼中的沃尔玛。
He does a high volume of litigation, most cases for extremely low margins.
他处理了大量的诉讼，大多数案件的利润极低。
He's handled so many lawsuits, he says he's lost track.
他处理过太多诉讼，他说他已经迷失了方向。
But the number is definitely in the thousands.
但数量绝对是上千。
The law allows you to sue for lawyer's fees on top of what the disabled person gets, so Mehrban's pulling in at least six figures from these lawsuits too.
法律允许你在残疾人得到的费用之外提起诉讼，收取律师费，所以梅尔班也从这些诉讼中获得了至少六位数的收入。
His website asks, confined to a wheelchair in California?
他的网站问道，在加州只能坐在轮椅上吗？
You may be entitled to $4,000.
您可能有权获得 4,000 美元。
You stop by a hardware store and need to use the restroom, but find there are no grab bars next to the toilet, you may be entitled to $4,000.
您路过一家五金店，需要使用卫生间，但发现卫生间旁边没有扶手，您可能有权获得 4,000 美元。
You're in a restaurant and want to use the restroom mirror to make yourself presentable.
您在一家餐厅，想利用卫生间的镜子让自己看起来更得体。
The mirror is mounted too high on the wall for you to use.
镜子安装在墙上太高，无法使用。
You may be entitled to $4,000.
您可能有权获得 4,000 美元。
Mehrban allows that some people may find suing for large sums of money over a bathroom mirror distasteful.
梅尔班承认，有些人可能会觉得因浴室镜子而索取大笔金钱是令人厌恶的。
But he insists that without the monetary incentives, the ADA would essentially be toothless.
但他坚称，如果没有金钱激励，《美国残疾人法》基本上就毫无效力。
You know, even in the old wild west, they provided for monetary compensation if you were to catch an outlaw and bring him back to justice.
你知道，即使在古老的狂野西部，如果你抓住一个歹徒并将他绳之以法，他们也会提供金钱补偿。
So this goes back a long time.
所以这可以追溯到很久以前。
We're dealing with business people here.
我们在这里与商人打交道。
If a business person things he can save even a penny by doing or not doing something, they're going to do or not do that thing.
如果一个商人认为通过做或不做某事他可以节省哪怕一分钱，他们就会做或不做那件事。
This is how the ADA was designed, to have virtually no enforcement other than a disabled person angry enough to file a lawsuit.
这就是 ADA 的设计方式，除了愤怒到提起诉讼的残疾人之外，几乎没有任何强制执行。
After a building's built, nobody checks up on it's ADA compliance.
建筑物建成后，没有人检查其是否符合 ADA 规定。
That's not in the jurisdiction of any health inspector, or OSHA, or the Tax Board, or the EPA, or the state troopers, nobody.
这不属于任何健康检查员、职业安全与健康管理局、税务委员会、环保局、州警的管辖范围，任何人都没有管辖权。
So it's been to Mehrban, and a handful of other lawyers doing high volume ADA law, to help make California one of the most accessible ADA-complaint states in the nation, as well as one of the most lawsuit-prone.
因此，梅尔班和其他几位从事大量 ADA 法律工作的律师帮助加州成为美国最容易受到 ADA 投诉的州之一，也是最容易发生诉讼的州之一。
Attorneys say well over 14,000 ADA-related lawsuits have been filed in the state.
律师表示，该州已提起超过 14,000 起与 ADA 相关的诉讼。
When you do not do the absolute minimum to accommodate people who are in wheelchairs, that's tantamount to intentional discrimination.
如果您没有尽最大努力容纳坐轮椅的人，那就相当于故意歧视。
And this is what they deserve, frankly.
坦率地说，这是他们应得的。
Yeah.
是的。
I got the papers here, if you ever want to look at them.
我这里有文件，如果你想看的话。
At La Cienega Car Wash, not far from West Hollywood, Maurice Golnirahi has just been notified that his family business is being sued for $4,000.
在距离西好莱坞不远的 La Cienega 洗车场，莫里斯·戈尔尼拉希 (Maurice Golnirahi) 刚刚接到通知，他的家族企业被起诉，赔偿 4,000 美元。
And so what does it say?
那么它说了什么？
What's going on?
这是怎么回事？
On or about September 21, 2009, while patronizing said place of public accommodation, plaintiff wanted, but was unable, to use facility's restroom mirror and coat hook because they were mounted too high above the floor.
2009年9月21日左右，原告在光顾上述公共场所时，想要但无法使用该场所的卫生间镜子和衣帽钩，因为它们距离地板太高。
The person suing in this case is not Tom Mundy, but another prolific client of Morse Mehrban named Alfredo Garcia.
本案的起诉人不是汤姆·蒙迪，而是莫尔斯·梅尔班的另一位多产客户，名叫阿尔弗雷多·加西亚。
Maurice leads me to the wash room to look at the alleged violations.
莫里斯带我到洗手间查看涉嫌违规的情况。
The bottom of the mirror hangs fairly low, almost down to the top of the sink handles, but apparently not low enough.
镜子的底部悬挂得相当低，几乎垂到水槽把手的顶部，但显然还不够低。
The coat hanger is right here.
衣架就在这里。
So I mean, this thing's pretty tall but-- I don't know.
所以我的意思是，这东西相当高，但是——我不知道。
I'll give him a free car wash if he wants.
如果他愿意的话我可以给他免费洗车。
It doesn't make sense for me to pay $4,000 for someone that can't hang their coat up.
对我来说，为一个不会挂外套的人支付 4,000 美元是没有意义的。
I understand he's handicapped, but nothing to sue about.
我知道他是残疾人，但没什么可起诉的。
He could have at least told us or let us know.
他至少可以告诉我们或让我们知道。
I just think it's really shady that someone that's using their disability to sue other people and-- it's ridiculous.
我只是认为有人利用自己的残疾来起诉其他人，这真的很阴暗，而且很荒谬。
I mean, all he has to do is unscrew it and bring it down.
我的意思是，他所要做的就是拧开它并把它拆下来。
It's not a big deal, so--
这没什么大不了的，所以——
It's a long list.
这是一个很长的清单。
You're going to look at your parking.
你要看看你的停车位。
Is it leveled?
水平了吗？
Is it right amount of parking?
停车位数量是否合适？
is the striping correct?
条纹是否正确？
Kim Blackseth has been helping business owners comply with access regulations since even before the ADA.
Kim Blackseth 早在 ADA 出台之前就一直在帮助企业主遵守准入法规。
He runs a private consulting firm that specializes in this.
他经营着一家专门从事这方面工作的私人咨询公司。
He started using a wheelchair after his own Motocross accident in 1979.
1979 年发生摩托车越野赛事故后，他开始使用轮椅。
Are you going up to the entry door and finding the signage, the hardware, the effort, the landing, the kick plate?
您是否会走到入口处并找到标牌、硬件、工作量、平台、踢脚板？
And we haven't got inside yet.
而且我们还没有进去。
The rules are complicated, partially because they take into account so many different disabilities, and partially because they're really detailed.
这些规则很复杂，部分是因为它们考虑到了许多不同的残疾，部分是因为它们非常详细。
There's not a facility or building in the state of California I can't find a technical barrier.
加利福尼亚州没有设施或建筑物，我找不到技术障碍。
I can find a technical barrier anywhere.
我可以在任何地方找到技术障碍。
That is no challenge to go down the street and find technical violations.
走上街头寻找技术违规行为并不是什么挑战。
And if that is your mission when you get up in the morning, you can do it.
如果这是你早上起床时的使命，你就能做到。
The question is, is that worthwhile?
问题是，这值得吗？
Is it important?
这重要吗？
If you can't park because there should have been two spaces, that's not a barrier.
如果你因为应该有两个停车位而无法停车，那也不是障碍。
What happened if you pulled up and there's two disabled people there?
如果你停下来发现那里有两个残疾人怎么办？
Find somewhere else to park.
找其他地方停车。
You guys go to places all the time, the parking-- what do you do?
你们总是去一些地方，停车——你们做什么？
You find somewhere else to park.
你找别的地方停车。
Kim is quick to add that lawsuits are a huge part of why California is so accessible, and a lot of the suits are well-deserved.
金很快补充道，诉讼是加州如此便利的一个重要原因，而且很多诉讼都是当之无愧的。
He's even sued a few businesses himself when push far enough.
当他走得太远时，他甚至亲自起诉了几家企业。
But because there have been so many lawsuits, he says business owners are increasingly suspicious of disabled people.
但他表示，由于诉讼太多，企业主对残疾人越来越怀疑。
I mean I can go into restaurants or try to rent a room, and you can feel the tension.
我的意思是我可以去餐馆或尝试租一个房间，你可以感受到紧张感。
When you go into a restaurant, you can feel as they come over it's like, is he going to sue me?
当你走进一家餐馆时，当他们走过来时，你会感觉到，他会起诉我吗？
You can feel it.
你可以感觉到。
I can feel it.
我能感觉到。
Sometimes Kim sees the lawsuits, which are supposed to increase accessibility for disabled people, having the exact opposite effect.
有时，金认为这些诉讼本应增加残疾人的无障碍性，却产生了完全相反的效果。
I travel a lot with this business.
我因这项业务经常出差。
I called to get an accessible room, and generally speaking, those rooms are increasingly unavailable.
我打电话要一间无障碍房间，一般来说，这些房间越来越不可用。
And when I talk to clients who I represent with motels they say, if somebody calls for an accessible room, I won't rent it.
当我与我代表的汽车旅馆客户交谈时，他们说，如果有人要求提供无障碍房间，我不会租用它。
It's not worth the $150.
不值得这 150 美元。
And then the risk that there's something wrong for a night's rental in that room isn't worth it to me-- hotel becomes full.
然后，那个房间的一晚租金出现问题的风险对我来说就不值得了——酒店已经满了。
I think people don't completely get access.
我认为人们并没有完全获得访问权。
Attorney Margaret Johnson is one of California's key advocates for disability rights.
玛格丽特·约翰逊律师是加州残疾人权利的主要倡导者之一。
As it stands now, she says, the law leaves disabled people in a very awkward place sometimes, because there are so many situations where you don't want to have to sue.
她说，就目前情况而言，法律有时会让残疾人处于非常尴尬的境地，因为在很多情况下你都不想提起诉讼。
To get the hairdresser that you want, that does your hair how you want it done, you all are willing to go through heck for that person.
为了找到你想要的理发师，按照你想要的方式做你的头发，你们都愿意为那个人付出一切。
I tell you, it's like-- and you guys are looking at me like, it's that important?
我告诉你，这就像——你们看着我，这有那么重要吗？
With that hair?
带着那头发？
Now, just for the record, Margaret has a very classy bob, with almost Louise Brooks-y bangs.
现在，郑重声明一下，玛格丽特有一个非常优雅的鲍勃，几乎是路易斯·布鲁克斯式的刘海。
It was cut by a woman Margaret discovered when she first moved to Sacramento.
这是玛格丽特第一次搬到萨克拉门托时发现的一位女士剪的。
Margaret loved her work, and to make things even better, the salon the hairdresser worked at had a van-accessible parking space.
玛格丽特热爱她的工作，为了让事情变得更好，美发师工作的沙龙有一个货车可停放的停车位。
Needless to say, Margaret became a regular.
不用说，玛格丽特成了这里的常客。
Until one day last fall when Margaret showed up to find something weird.
直到去年秋天的一天，玛格丽特出现，发现了一些奇怪的东西。
The striped blue access aisle, that made the spot van-accessible, was painted over and converted into an extra parking space.
使现场货车可通行的蓝色条纹通道被粉刷成额外的停车位。
She could park her van, but she couldn't get out of it-- the same problem you heard Tom Mundy complain about earlier.
她可以停放货车，但无法下车——这也是你之前听到汤姆·蒙迪抱怨的问题。
The salon's in a busy part of town without much street parking, but she found a space on the street and navigated her way back.
沙龙位于城镇的繁忙地区，街道上没有太多停车位，但她在街上找到了一个停车位，然后开车回去了。
So I told my hair cutter.
所以我告诉我的理发师。
She said, oh yeah, that's a good point.
她说，哦，是的，这是一个很好的观点。
I'll make sure the owners know.
我会确保业主知道。
Next time I went, it was still like that.
下次去还是这样。
I mentioned it to her again.
我又向她提起了这件事。
And she said, OK I'll let the owners know again.
她说，好的，我会再次通知业主。
Next time I went it was still like that.
下次去还是这样。
She said, OK let me drag one of the owners out and show him what you're talking about.
她说，好吧，让我把其中一位业主拖出来，让他看看你在说什么。
So actually I had him come out, I got in my van.
所以实际上我让他出来了，我上了我的货车。
And so I showed him how big the ramp was, and how much space I needed to get off the ramp and around, and why it needed to be there.
所以我向他展示了坡道有多大，我需要多少空间才能离开坡道并周围，以及为什么需要在那里。
And his response was, oh, the city came out and painted over it.
他的反应是，哦，这座城市出来了，并在上面画了画。
So I'm like, pfft, no idea why the city would come out and paint over this, but whatever.
所以我想，噗，不知道为什么这座城市会出来粉刷这个，但无论如何。
So he said he would look into it.
所以他说他会调查此事。
So I just went last night and it was still that way.
所以我昨晚才去了，还是这样。
Now luckily, last night no one was parked in that space.
幸运的是，昨晚那个地方没有人停车。
So I kind of straddled it so that nobody could get next to me.
所以我跨坐在它身上，这样就没有人能靠近我了。
But I mean, I don't know.
但我的意思是，我不知道。
I just feel like that's an example of-- here's a business that had access, even.
我只是觉得这是一个例子——这甚至是一家可以访问的企业。
And they took it away.
他们把它拿走了。
They don't really know why they took it away.
他们真的不知道为什么要把它拿走。
And they don't seem to have any interest in putting it back.
而且他们似乎没有任何兴趣把它放回去。
Now, I love my hair cutter, so much that I keep putting up with it.
现在，我非常喜欢我的理发器，以至于我一直在忍受它。
And I haven't done a letter, I haven't filed a lawsuit.
我还没有写信，也没有提起诉讼。
And part of it's just I don't want to be-- when you start doing that stuff, you start being the bad disabled person who is getting on a business's case because they're not doing the access stuff.
部分原因是我不想——当你开始做这些事情时，你就开始成为一个坏残疾人，因为他们没有做访问的事情，而受到企业的关注。
And it puts me in a position to have to be the bitchy, crabby, pushy disabled person that nobody like or wants to deal with, because they want disabled people to be nice and smiling and friendly and get along and not make waves and just go along with the program.
这让我不得不成为一个恶毒、脾气暴躁、咄咄逼人的残疾人，没有人喜欢或不想与之打交道，因为他们希望残疾人友善、微笑、友好，和睦相处，不引起轰动，只是配合项目。
It's an emotional toll.
这是情感上的损失。
I don't know how to explain that better.
我不知道如何更好地解释这一点。
I mean, why can't I just say this is an issue, fix it, and it can be done?
我的意思是，为什么我不能直接说这是一个问题，解决它，然后就可以做到呢？
Why do I have to be pushed to the point of doing a lawsuit?
为什么我一定要被逼到打官司的地步？
Keep in mind that Margaret is a lawyer.
请记住，玛格丽特是一名律师。
She has sued people personally, and she's been involved in large class action suits over disability access.
她曾亲自起诉过他人，并参与过有关残疾人通道的大型集体诉讼。
By choosing not to have an agency monitoring these laws, something like OSHA or a building inspector, we've invited individuals to seek their own justice, to decide for themselves what they're willing to put up with, what is worth fighting over, and when, if ever, it pays to ask nicely.
通过选择不让任何机构（例如职业安全与健康管理局或建筑检查员）来监督这些法律，我们邀请个人寻求自己的正义，自己决定他们愿意忍受什么，什么值得为之奋斗，以及何时（如果有的话）善意地询问是值得的。
Alex MacInnis in Los Angeles.
亚历克斯·麦金尼斯在洛杉矶。
[MUSIC - "WHEELS" BY FLYING BURRITO BOYS]
[音乐 - 飞翔的墨西哥卷饼男孩的“轮子”]
Act Four.
第四幕。
Cry Me a Liver.
为我哭泣吧。
We close our show today with this fable about being a crybaby from David Sedaris.
我们以大卫·塞达里斯 (David Sedaris) 讲述的关于爱哭鬼的寓言结束今天的节目。
The white rat had been sick for as long as he could remember.
从他记事起，白老鼠就一直生病了。
If it wasn't a headache, it was an upset stomach, a sore throat an eye infection.
如果不是头痛，那就是胃部不适、喉咙痛和眼睛感染。
Pus seeped from his gums.
脓液从他的牙龈中渗出。
His ears rang, and what little he ate went right through him.
他的耳朵嗡嗡作响，吃进去的一点点东西都直接穿过了他的身体。
Now came the news that he had pancreatic cancer, which was actually something of a relief.
现在传来他得了胰腺癌的消息，这确实让人松了一口气。
"Finally, I can die," he moaned to his new roommate.
“我终于可以死了，”他对新室友呻吟道。
She was a female, also white and had arrived only that morning.
她是一名女性，也是白人，当天早上才到达。
The tank they shared was made of glass.
他们共用的水箱是玻璃制成的。
It's walls soiled here and there with bloody paw prints and flecks or vomit.
墙壁到处都是血淋淋的爪印、斑点或呕吐物。
"Well," she sighed, wincing at the state of her new home.
“好吧，”她叹了口气，对新家的状况皱起了眉头。
"I'm sorry to say it, but if you have a terminal illness, it's nobody's fault but your own."
“我很抱歉这么说，但如果你得了绝症，那不是别人的错，而是你自己的错。”
"I beg your pardon," said the white rat.
“请原谅，”白老鼠说。
This female approached the water bottle, stuck her paws into the spigot, and began to wash them.
这只雌性走近水瓶，将爪子伸进龙头，开始清洗。
"It's nice to believe that these sicknesses just befall us," she said.
“很高兴相信这些疾病恰好降临到我们身上，”她说。
"We blame them on our environment and insist that they can happen to anyone, but in truth, we bring them on ourselves with hatefulness and negativity.
“我们将它们归咎于我们的环境，并坚持认为它们可能发生在任何人身上，但事实上，我们是用仇恨和消极的态度把它们带给我们自己的。
You might not have realized how negative you were being.
你可能没有意识到自己有多消极。
Maybe you were passive-aggressive.
也许你是被动攻击型的。
Maybe no one cared enough to point it out, but I have to call things like I see them, just as everyone does to me only in the opposite direction." 'How come you're always so sunny,' they ask, 'and doesn't your mouth hurt from all that smiling?' Some interpret it as over-exuberance but to me, it's a kind of vaccine.
也许没有人足够关心地指出这一点，但我必须像我看到的那样称呼事物，就像每个人对我所做的只是相反的方向一样。” “你怎么总是那么阳光，”他们问道，“你笑起来嘴不疼吗？”有些人将其解读为过度繁荣，但对我来说，这是一种疫苗。
As long as I'm happy and I love everybody, I can't get sick."
只要我快乐并且爱每个人，我就不会生病。”
"Oh, I had a flu once, but it was completely my own fault.
“哦，我曾经患过一次流感，但这完全是我自己的错。
Someone I mistook for a friend took to criticizing me behind my back, saying things regarding my weight and so forth.
我误认为是朋友的一个人开始在我背后批评我，说我的体重等等。
I got wind of it and for all of three minutes I wished her ill.
我听到风声，整整三分钟我都祝她好运。
I'm not talking death, just a little discomfort.
我不是在谈论死亡，只是有点不舒服。
Cramping, mainly.
主要是抽筋。
I was just starting to visualize it when I sneezed, which was my body's way of saying, whoa that's not cool.
当我打喷嚏时，我刚刚开始想象它，这是我的身体在说，哇，这不酷。
Then my nose stopped up and I came down with a fever."
然后我的鼻子就堵住了，我发烧了。”
"And what about your supposed friend, the one who said cruel things behind your back?
“那你所谓的朋友，那个在背后说你坏话的人呢？
If you got a flu, what happened to her," asked the white rat.
如果你得了流感，她会怎么样？”白老鼠问道。
"Well, nothing yet," the female said, "but sometimes the body bides its time." Her pink eyes narrowed just slightly.
“好吧，还没有什么，”雌性说，“但有时身体会等待时机。”她粉红色的眼睛微微眯起。
"I can bet when something does happen, though, it will be a lot worse than a flu.
“不过，我敢打赌，当事情真的发生时，它会比流感严重得多。
Diabetes maybe."
也许是糖尿病。”
"You sound pretty hopeful." the white rat observed.
“听起来你很有希望。”白鼠观察到。
The female scowled, then smiled so hard the corners of her mouth touched her eyes.
女子皱起眉头，然后笑得嘴角触及眼睛。
"Not at all, I wish her the best."
“不，我祝她一切顺利。”
The white rat slumped against the wall and put a hand to his forehead.
白老鼠靠在墙上，把手放在额头上。
"I can't think of anybody I dislike.
“我想不出我不喜欢的人。
Then too, I've been alone since my last roommate died."
而且，自从我最后一个室友去世后，我就一直独自一人。”
"That's another cause of cancer." the female told him.
“这是癌症的另一个原因。”女子告诉他。
"You need to get out, socialize.
“你需要出去社交。
Storytelling is pivotal to our well-being, as are non-ethnic jokes and riddles." Food pellets dropped from a chute beside the water bottle, and she took a bite of one.
讲故事对我们的幸福至关重要，非种族笑话和谜语也是如此。”食物颗粒从水瓶旁边的滑槽里掉下来，她咬了一口。
"I heard somewhere that limericks can cure both heart disease and certain types of cancer, can you beat that?"
“我听说打油诗可以治疗心脏病和某些类型的癌症，你能打败它吗？”
"Limericks," the white rat knitted his brow.
“打油诗，”白老鼠皱起了眉头。
"They're poems." The female explained.
“它们是诗。”女子解释道。
"You know, like 'there once was a mouse da-da-da, who died at a da-da-da-da.'"
“你知道，就像‘曾经有一只老鼠哒哒哒，它在哒哒哒哒的时候死了。’”
"Oh right," said the rat, and silently recalling one about a prostitute and a dead cat, he chuckled.
“哦，对了，”老鼠说，默默地回忆起一个关于妓女和死猫的故事，他咯咯笑起来。
"And what about haiku?
“那俳句呢？
Are those good for curing shorter diseases?"
这些对于治疗较短的疾病有好处吗？”
"I know when I'm being mocked," the female said, "but that's OK.
“我知道什么时候我会被嘲笑，”雌性说，“但这没关系。
You're sick and are going to die.
你病了，快要死了。
I, meanwhile, am perfectly healthy with good teeth and a positive attitude toward life, so joke away if it makes you feel any better." She just cracked open that smile of hers when the mesh ceiling parted, and a human hand appeared.
与此同时，我非常健康，牙齿健康，对生活也有积极的态度，所以如果这能让你感觉好点的话，就开个玩笑吧。”当网状天花板分开时，她刚刚绽开笑容，一只人手出现了。
At first it seemed to be made of wax, that's how rigid and opaque it was.
乍一看它似乎是用蜡做的，就是这么坚硬和不透明。
But as it neared and pinned her to the floor, the female smelled rubber and understood that it was encased in a glove.
但当它靠近并将她按在地板上时，雌性闻到了橡胶味，并意识到它被包裹在手套里。
Then came a second hand, this one bearing a hypodermic needle.
然后是第二只手，这只手拿着皮下注射针。
And as the tip sank into her stomach, releasing its mad punch of viruses, the white rat settled against the wood chips and thought, most limericks, it seemed to him, involved a place.
当尖端陷入她的胃中，释放出疯狂的病毒冲击力时，白老鼠靠在木片上，想，在他看来，大多数打油诗都涉及一个地方。
'There was a young mole from Des Moines,' say.
“有一只来自得梅因的年轻鼹鼠，”说。
Or 'in Yorktown there once lived a ferret.' He didn't know where he was, though.
或者“在约克镇曾经住过一只雪貂。”但他不知道自己在哪里。
It was a lab obviously, but the location was anyone's guess.
显然这是一个实验室，但具体位置谁也说不准。
With this in mind, he came up with the following.
考虑到这一点，他提出了以下建议。
A she-rat I had as a roomy said illness just strikes if you're gloomy.
我养的一只母鼠，如果你心情郁闷的话，疾病就会发作。
Since she was injected with AIDS, I've detected an outlook a lot less perfumy.
自从她注射了艾滋病后，我发现她的外表不再那么迷人了。
Funny, he thought, but it actually did make him feel better.
有趣，他想，但这确实让他感觉好多了。
David Sedaris.
大卫·塞达里斯。
A story from his brand new book of animal fables, Squirrel Seeks Chipmunk.
故事取自他的全新动物寓言书《松鼠寻找花栗鼠》。
There's also an audiobook version.
还有有声读物版本。
They both go on sale next week.
它们都将于下周发售。
[MUSIC - "BULLET WITH BUTTERFLY WINGS" BY SMASHING PUMPKINS] Well, our program was produced today by me and Jonathan Menjivar, with Alex Blumberg, Ben Calhoun, Jane Feltes, Sarah Koenig, Lisa Pollak, Brian Reed, Robyn Semein, Alissa Shipp, and Nancy Updike.
[音乐 - SMASHING PUMPKINS 的“子弹与蝴蝶翅膀”] 嗯，我们的节目今天由我和 Jonathan Menjivar 制作，还有 Alex Blumberg、Ben Calhoun、Jane Feltes、Sarah Koenig、Lisa Pollak、Brian Reed、Robyn Semein、Alissa Shipp 和 Nancy Updike。
Our senior producer is Julie Snyder.
我们的高级制片人是朱莉·斯奈德。
Seth Lind is our production manager.
塞思·林德 (Seth Lind) 是我们的生产经理。
Emily Condon's our office manager.
艾米丽·康登是我们的办公室经理。
Music help from Jessica Hopper.
杰西卡·霍珀的音乐帮助。
Production help from Sean Wen.
Sean Wen 提供制作帮助。
[ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS] Our website: thisamericanlife.org, where you can sign up for our free weekly podcast.
[致谢] 我们的网站：thisamericanlife.org，您可以在其中注册我们的免费每周播客。
This American Life is distributed by Public Radio International's WBEZ management oversight for our program by our boss, Mr. Torey Malatia.
《美国生活》由国际公共广播电台的 WBEZ 管理人员分发，我们的老板 Torey Malatia 先生对我们的节目进行监督。
And perhaps you have you wondered, exactly how did Torey get a job in the high-stakes high-drama world of public radio management oversight?
也许您想知道，托里究竟是如何在公共广播管理监督这一高风险、高戏剧性的世界中找到一份工作的？
Because I'm smarter than the average person.
因为我比一般人聪明。
95% of the population doesn't have that common sense.
95%的人没有这个常识。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Back next week with more stories of This American Life.
下周我们将带来更多《美国生活》的故事。
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。