404: Enemy Camp 2010 - This American Life
You are using an outdated browser.
您正在使用过时的浏览器。
Please upgrade your browser or activate Google Chrome Frame to improve your experience.
请升级您的浏览器或激活 Google Chrome 浏览器内嵌框架以改善您的体验。
Sign up for a free Life Partners trial, and you can watch the video “A Night of Stories and Improv.”
注册免费试用《Life Partners》，您可以观看视频“故事与即兴表演之夜”。
00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #404 | April 2, 2010 404: Enemy Camp 2010 Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 404 集 | 2010 年 4 月 2 日 404：《敌营 2010》 注：《美国生活》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.
如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue Ira Glass Here's the story the way we usually like it.
序言 艾拉·格拉斯 这是我们通常喜欢的故事。
There's this guy.
有这个人。
And he's behind enemy lines.
而且他在敌后。
Maybe he's dropped in there in the middle of the night.
也许他半夜掉到那里了。
Maybe he sneaks under barbwire at the border.
也许他会潜入边境的铁丝网下面。
Whatever.
任何。
He's there.
他就在那儿。
He's been there awhile.
他已经在那里有一段时间了。
Months.
几个月。
Years maybe.
也许是几年。
He's in disguise.
他是伪装的。
Working on our behalf.
代表我们工作。
Nobody suspects.
没有人怀疑。
No one can tell.
没有人能说清楚。
He looks and acts just like them.
他的外表和行为就像他们一样。
And then, living there in their midst for so long, speaking their language, eating their food, breathing their air, watching their TV shows, something happens.
然后，在他们中间生活了这么久，说他们的语言，吃他们的食物，呼吸他们的空气，看他们的电视节目，一些事情发生了。
He starts to change.
他开始改变。
He starts to become more like them.
他开始变得更像他们了。
And then when it's time for him to strike, to launch his mission against them, he hesitates.
然后，当他该出击、向他们发起任务时，他却犹豫了。
He's not sure who he sympathizes with anymore.
他已经不确定自己到底同情谁了。
It's a very romantic idea, this particular vision of what it means to live inside the enemy camp.
这是一个非常浪漫的想法，这是对生活在敌营中意味着什么的特殊愿景。
And you lose your bearings and you will forget how to fight because some other impulse inside you would take over.
你会迷失方向，忘记如何战斗，因为你内心的其他冲动会占据主导地位。
But sometimes, this is actually how it happens.
但有时，事情实际上就是这样发生的。
There are lots of ways that people get confused about who their enemy is and how to fight them.
人们对敌人是谁以及如何对抗他们感到困惑的方式有很多。
Today on our radio show we have that story, happening to several different people, in several different places, in several different ways.
今天在我们的广播节目中，我们讲述了这个故事，发生在几个不同的人、几个不同的地方、以几种不同的方式。
True stories.
真实的故事。
WBEZ, Chicago.
WBEZ，芝加哥。
This is American Life.
这就是美国生活。
distributed by Public Radio International.
由国际公共广播电台发行。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Each week on our program, we choose some subject.
在我们的节目中，我们每周都会选择一些主题。
Bring you documentaries, interviews, short fiction, found tapes, found writing.
为您带来纪录片、采访、短篇小说、找到的磁带、找到的写作。
Anything we can think of on that subject.
关于这个主题我们能想到的任何事情。
Today on our program, life behind enemy lines.
今天我们的节目是敌后生活。
Our program today in four acts.
我们今天的节目分为四幕。
Act One: Confession.
第一幕：忏悔。
In that Act, the true story of a fixer for the Catholic Church.
在该法案中，讲述了天主教会调解人的真实故事。
And now he came to sympathize with people who he was sent by the church to deceive.
现在他开始同情那些他被教会派去欺骗的人。
Act Two: Blood Agent.
第二幕：血液特工。
How microscopic beings inside you and me can control our thoughts and minds.
你我体内的微观生物如何控制我们的思想和思想。
No kidding.
不开玩笑。
Act Three: As The Worm Turns.
第三幕：蠕虫转动。
The story of a man who invites the enemy inside.
一个男人邀请敌人进来的故事。
And I mean really inside.
我的意思是真正的内部。
Act Four: Sleeping With The Enemy, in which we ask who's side is your girlfriend on anyway.
第四幕：与敌人同眠，我们会问你的女朋友到底站在哪一边。
Act One: Confession.
第一幕：忏悔。
It's Easter week.
这是复活节周。
Pope Benedict has been facing a lot of criticism with allegations that he didn't adequately discipline priests who were accused of sexual abuse, back before Pope Benedict was a Pope, back when he was an Archbishop and a Cardinal.
教皇本笃十六世一直面临很多批评，有人指控他在担任教皇之前、担任大主教和红衣主教时没有充分惩戒被指控性虐待的牧师。
So we've decided to revisit a story that we first broadcast in 2003, about a young American priest who was sent out on a series of jobs by church administrators to squelch some scandals.
因此，我们决定重温 2003 年首次播出的一个故事，讲述了一位年轻的美国牧师被教堂管理人员派去执行一系列工作以平息一些丑闻的故事。
Scandals not too different from the ones that are surfacing in the news right now.
丑闻与现在新闻中出现的丑闻没有太大不同。
But spending time out among the people who he's supposed to be deceiving, the priest finds it harder and harder to keep doing his job.
但在与他本应欺骗的人相处时，牧师发现继续做他的工作变得越来越困难。
Carl Marziali tells the story from Los Angeles.
卡尔·马齐亚利 (Carl Marziali) 讲述了洛杉矶的故事。
Patrick Wall was just where he wanted to be at 26.
帕特里克·沃尔 (Patrick Wall) 26 岁时就达到了他想要达到的目标。
He was a monk, studying theology at St. John's Monastery in rural Minnesota.
他是一名修道士，在明尼苏达州乡村的圣约翰修道院学习神学。
He lived in a quiet room facing the lake.
他住在一间面向湖的安静的房间里。
He looked forward to a life of study and prayer.
他期待着学习和祈祷的生活。
It was late summer, 1991.
那是 1991 年夏末。
The first day that school started out, pretty uneventful, winter morning prayer at 7:00 o'clock like normal.
开学第一天，平安无事，冬日晨祷如往常一样7：00。
I went down for breakfast like normal.
我像往常一样下楼吃早餐。
Went back up to my room.
回到我的房间。
Was literally brushing my teeth when there was a knock on my door, which is extremely out of the ordinary.
当我正在刷牙时，有人敲门，这非常不寻常。
And it was Abbot Jerome Tyson.
这是方丈杰罗姆·泰森。
Well, the abbot's a very quiet guy.
嗯，方丈是个很安静的人。
And he usually never went up on that floor of the monastery.
而且他平时从来不上修道院的那一层楼。
So he says, "May I come in?" I said, "Yes, Father Abbot.
于是他说：“我可以进来吗？”我说：“是的，艾伯特神父。
No problem." So he comes in and sits down.
没问题。”于是他进来坐下。
And I've got my books out.
我已经把我的书拿出来了。
I've got class in 10 minutes.
我还有 10 分钟就要上课了。
"What's up?" And he said, "Well, Father Dan Ward has told me that you would be a good person for this particular job.
“这是怎么回事？”他说：“嗯，丹·沃德神父告诉我，你会是这份特殊工作的最佳人选。
And we have a situation over in St. Mary's Hall that we need to be a faculty resident."
我们在圣玛丽大厅遇到了一个情况，我们需要成为一名教员住院医师。”
The faculty resident is a live-in counselor at the college dorm.
该教员是大学宿舍的住宿辅导员。
The campus at St. John's includes a university.
圣约翰学院的校园包括一所大学。
I said, "Well, I'd love to be a faculty resident someday.
我说：“好吧，我很想有一天能成为一名住院医师。
I think that's a great idea." And he said, "No, today." And when I asked Abbot Jerome specifically what it was for, what was going on, he said, "Well, I can't tell you that." We had numerous sexual abuse cases that had been popping up.
我认为这是个好主意。”他说：“不，今天。”当我具体询问修道院院长杰罗姆（Jerome）这是为什么，发生了什么时，他说：“好吧，我不能告诉你。”我们发现了许多性虐待案件。
So ultimately there's only one conclusion that can be drawn that there was an allegation that they must have thought somewhat credible or probable.
因此，最终只能得出一个结论，即他们一定认为一项指控有些可信或可能。
And they needed to pull that particular monk.
他们需要拉那个特定的和尚。
And off I went.
然后我就出发了。
[MUSIC - "ANGEL'S ULULU" BY DEERHOOF]
[音乐 - DEERHOOF 的“天使的乌鲁鲁”]
That afternoon, Wall moved his stuff out of his room and into the freshman dorm.
那天下午，沃尔把他的东西搬出了自己的房间，搬进了新生宿舍。
His instructions were simple.
他的指示很简单。
Put the kids at ease.
让孩子们安心。
And don't say anything about the monk you're replacing.
并且不要谈论任何关于你要取代的和尚的事情。
He organized a pizza party for the students.
他为学生们组织了一场披萨派对。
He told them he was taking over as faculty resident, but that he couldn't say why.
他告诉他们他将接任驻院教员，但他无法说出原因。
There were no questions.
没有人提问。
Wall didn't know it then, but he was being tested.
沃尔当时并不知道，他正在接受考验。
Unfortunately for him, he passed.
对他来说不幸的是，他通过了。
His dream was to be a monk as he understood monks to be.
他的梦想是成为一名他所理解的僧侣。
Devout and learned men who live in monasteries.
住在修道院里的虔诚而博学的人。
By showing a knack for damage control, he put himself on a less spiritual path.
通过表现出控制损害的技巧，他让自己走上了一条不那么精神的道路。
Before long, the abbot appointed him to a sexual abuse response team.
不久，方丈任命他加入性虐待应对小组。
And sent him to the church of St. Elizabeth's in the town of Hastings.
并把他送到黑斯廷斯镇的圣伊丽莎白教堂。
He was replacing a pastor who had been withdrawn for what the monastery called a incredible allocation.
他正在接替一位因修道院所谓的令人难以置信的拨款而被撤职的牧师。
Wall arrived at St. Elizabeth's on February 2, 1993.
沃尔于 1993 年 2 月 2 日抵达圣伊丽莎白教堂。
[MUSIC - "ANGEL'S ULULU" BY DEERHOOF]
[音乐 - DEERHOOF 的“天使的乌鲁鲁”]
Replacing a pastor is not easy.
更换牧师并不容易。
People in a parish tend to get attached to the priest.
教区里的人们往往对牧师有依恋之情。
Replacing a disgraced pastor is harder.
取代一个名誉扫地的牧师更加困难。
A lot of people believe their priest can do no wrong.
许多人相信他们的牧师不会做错事。
And they are not shy about telling his replacement.
他们并不羞于告诉他的继任者。
They were very forward and forthright and angry.
他们非常前卫、直率、愤怒。
And they said, "Father, I'm really sad that you're here.
他们说：“父亲，你在这里我真的很难过。
I'm really sorry that you had to come because we really liked the other monk.
我真的很抱歉你必须来，因为我们真的很喜欢另一个和尚。
And we don't think he should have been removed." And that was it.
我们认为他不应该被除名。”就是这样。
And I said, "I'm really sorry that that particular monk had to be removed.
我说：“我真的很抱歉那个和尚必须被除掉。
And I'm here because my abbot asked me to be here." I'm tried to be as candid and simple as possible.
我来这里是因为我的住持要求我来这里。”我尽量做到坦诚和简单。
But I felt taken back.
但我感觉自己被收回了。
And I felt sad from the very beginning.
而我从一开始就感到悲伤。
And I didn't enjoy that experience.
我不喜欢那种经历。
[MUSIC - "ANGEL'S ULULU" BY DEERHOOF]
[音乐 - DEERHOOF 的“天使的乌鲁鲁”]
At first, Wall was trying to raise morale.
起初，沃尔试图鼓舞士气。
He told parishioners what he himself had been told.
他告诉教区居民他自己被告知的事情。
That the alleged abuse took place a, some time ago.
据称的虐待行为发生在一段时间前。
And b, somewhere else.
b，其他地方。
But it wasn't long before victims at St. Elizabeth's began coming forward.
但不久之后，圣伊丽莎白教堂的受害者就开始挺身而出。
They would show up unannounced at the rectory or in the church after mass and ask to speak to him in private.
他们会在弥撒后突然出现在教区长官邸或教堂，要求与他私下交谈。
Then they would start with a tiny revelation.
然后他们会从一个小小的启示开始。
It's unforgettable.
令人难忘。
It's absolutely unforgettable when they start to tell you.
当他们开始告诉你时，绝对令人难忘。
And they only tell you very small, cryptic little things.
他们只告诉你非常小、神秘的小事情。
There are code words for everything.
一切事物都有暗语。
And they've kind of broached the subject to see what you're going to do with it.
他们提出了这个话题，看看你会用它做什么。
And to see if you're going to actually believe them.
并看看你是否真的相信他们。
Obviously I'm 27 years old.
显然我已经27岁了。
I'm not exactly sure what to do with it.
我不太确定该怎么办。
Emotionally, I really have no idea what to do it.
在情感上，我真的不知道该怎么办。
So how did you deal with it when the victim or victims came forward and told you about what had happened?
那么，当受害者站出来告诉你发生的事情时，你是如何处理的呢？
Do you try to comfort them?
你会试着安慰他们吗？
Do you try to tell them that-- I mean, what do you do?
你是否试图告诉他们——我的意思是，你会做什么？
Do you try to restore their faith in the church?
你是否尝试恢复他们对教会的信心？
Or do you just listen and write up a complaint and send it on?
或者您只是倾听并写下投诉并发送出去？
You don't even write up a complaint basically.
基本上你连投诉都不写。
You get a few of the facts.
你会得到一些事实。
And then you pass that on to the diocese.
然后你将其传递给教区。
And honestly, unfortunately it's easy to deal with because these people never go to church again.
老实说，不幸的是，这很容易处理，因为这些人再也不会去教堂了。
Because they really view that person as representing God.
因为他们确实认为那个人代表上帝。
So it's hard for them to publicly ever celebrate or to practice their faith again.
因此，他们很难再次公开庆祝或实践他们的信仰。
So they just disappear honestly.
所以他们就老老实实地消失了。
Did you ever wonder whether you should make a special effort when they came to you beyond the effort that you might make to convince somebody else to come back to the church?
你有没有想过，当他们来找你时，你是否应该付出比你说服别人回到教会更多的努力？
To do something more for these victims.
为这些受害者做更多的事情。
Or to offer them counseling or something to try to make up for what had happened?
或者为他们提供咨询或其他东西来弥补已经发生的事情？
It's a difficult situation because you really need to remain neutral.
这是一个困难的情况，因为你确实需要保持中立。
And your natural inclination, especially as priests, is to be sympathetic and to heal.
你的自然倾向，尤其是作为牧师，是同情和治愈的。
But there's no way that you're going to be allowed to be part of the healing process because ultimately you're part of the defendant.
但你不可能被允许参与康复过程，因为最终你是被告的一部分。
You are the institution that brought about the hurt.
你是造成伤害的机构。
And so you really have to put your professional hat on and keep an arm's distance.
所以你真的必须戴上你的职业帽子并保持一臂距离。
Wall survived the scandal at St. Elizabeth's.
沃尔在圣伊丽莎白丑闻中幸存下来。
And he helped a superior survive it too.
他还帮助一位上级度过了难关。
He never told parishioners about the allegations in their parish.
他从未告诉教区居民有关教区的指控。
And the stories he was hearing in private never became problem.
他私下听到的故事从来没有成为问题。
[MUSIC - "ANGEL'S ULULU" BY DEERHOOF]
[音乐 - DEERHOOF 的“天使的乌鲁鲁”]
After serving a year at St. Elizabeth's, Wall thought he would come back to the monastery.
在圣伊丽莎白修道院服务一年后，沃尔认为他会回到修道院。
But the end of this term he received a letter from the abbot, instructing him to report to another parish, St. Bernard's.
但学期结束时，他收到了修道院院长的一封信，指示他到另一个教区圣伯纳德教区报到。
The monk there have been having an affair and paying for it with church money.
那里的修道士有外遇，并用教堂的钱来偿还。
This was not the assignment Wall had in mind, but part of him was flattered.
这并不是沃尔想要的任务，但他心里有些受宠若惊。
I felt pretty good about it because all of a sudden-- I'm 20 years old and I'm an administrator of a parish.
我对此感觉很好，因为突然之间——我已经 20 岁了，而且是一个教区的管理员。
I'm being turned loose as the boss.
我作为老板的身份被解除了。
That's a compliment as far as I'm concerned.
就我而言，这是一种恭维。
And I really felt I was doing the right thing.
我真的觉得我做的是正确的事。
Not long after Wall arrived at St. Bernard's, an agent from the IRS knocked on his door.
沃尔到达圣伯纳犬学院后不久，美国国税局的一名特工就敲开了他的门。
The agent presented a bill, payable immediately, for $600,000 in back taxes, interest, and penalties for undeclared profits from a church run lottery.
该代理人提出了一份应立即支付的账单，其中包括 60 万美元的欠税、利息以及对教会经营的彩票未申报利润的罚款。
The business manager was not available to answer questions because he had been the other person in the affair.
该业务经理无法回答问题，因为他是这起事件的另一个人。
And had been removed along with the monk.
并与和尚一起被除掉了。
Wall had to take a crash course in bookkeeping to pay the IRS.
为了向国税局缴纳税款，沃尔不得不参加簿记速成班。
The rest of his time at St. Bernard's, Wall did what every priest does.
在圣伯纳德教堂的剩余时间里，沃尔做了每个牧师都会做的事情。
He celebrated mass, performed weddings and funerals, baptized babies.
他庆祝弥撒、主持婚礼和葬礼、为婴儿施洗。
And he heard confessions, including those of other priests.
他还听到了忏悔，包括其他牧师的忏悔。
[MUSIC - "ANGEL'S ULULU" BY DEERHOOF]
[音乐 - DEERHOOF 的“天使的乌鲁鲁”]
Despite the headlines, the percentage of priests who have abused minors is relatively low.
尽管成为头条新闻，但虐待未成年人的牧师比例相对较低。
Celibacy is another story.
独身则是另一回事。
In a recent Los Angeles Times poll, only one third of priests said they do not waiver from a celibate life.
在《洛杉矶时报》最近的一项民意调查中，只有三分之一的牧师表示他们不会放弃独身生活。
After awhile, Wall stopped thinking of broken vows as something foreign to his world.
过了一段时间，沃尔不再认为违背誓言对他的世界来说是陌生的。
You know, once you seen enough people fall and once you hear enough confessions of different priests, you look at yourself in the mirror and you say, "Am I really any different?" And the chances of me maintaining a celibate way of life without failure along the way are so low that ultimately either I have to change or the system needs to change.
你知道，一旦你看到足够多的人跌倒，一旦你听到足够多不同牧师的忏悔，你就会看着镜子里的自己，然后说：“我真的有什么不同吗？”我保持独身生活方式而不失败的机会是如此之低，以至于最终要么我必须改变，要么系统需要改变。
What about-- there must be a lot of priests who believe in being priests.
怎么样——一定有很多牧师相信自己是牧师。
And have decided that the rule of celibacy is nonsense.
并认为独身规则是无稽之谈。
And so are willing to lead a double life of sorts.
因此愿意过某种双重生活。
Was that-- that wasn't something that you considered?
那是不是你没有考虑过的？
No, that's really not my personality.
不，这真的不是我的性格。
I'm a terrible liar.
我是个可怕的骗子。
Oh.
哦。
I turn red.
我脸红了。
I'm really bad.
我真的很糟糕。
And I had seen priests who maintained heterosexual relationships with women.
我也见过与女性保持异性关系的牧师。
And I saw the effects of it.
我看到了它的效果。
Because it's a life of contradiction.
因为这是矛盾的生活。
Because the relationship is there.
因为关系就在那里。
It's exclusive.
这是独一无二的。
But you can't profess it.
但你不能承认这一点。
And everyone around you knows it's going on.
你周围的每个人都知道这一切正在发生。
And that's not happiness.
那不是幸福。
That's not a true coming together.
这不是真正的聚在一起。
I just couldn't see myself doing that.
我只是看不到自己这样做。
That's just not me.
那不是我。
After St. Bernard's, the assignments kept coming.
圣伯纳犬之后，作业不断出现。
The next one was an affair between a priest and a nun.
下一个是牧师和修女之间的风流韵事。
After that, a new parish where a teacher had abused a student and the priest was living with his housekeeper.
此后，在一个新的教区，一名教师虐待了一名学生，而牧师则与他的管家住在一起。
Four years.
四年了。
Four parishes.
四个教区。
Four scandals.
四大丑闻。
There are good, dedicated priests out there.
那里有优秀、奉献的牧师。
But they're not the ones who get replaced.
但他们并不是被取代的人。
By the very nature of his job, Wall was acquiring a skewed and depressing view of the priesthood.
由于他的工作性质，沃尔对神职人员产生了一种扭曲和令人沮丧的看法。
Did you ever ask not to be given those assignments?
您是否曾要求不要接受这些任务？
Yeah.
是的。
I did.
我做到了。
And I specifically asked to be able to come back to the prep school and teach.
我特别要求能够回到预科学校教书。
But the needs of the monastery were so great at that point that again, it was only going to be another year.
但当时修道院的需求是如此之大，以至于又过了一年。
I was only going to have to go to St. Bernard's for another year.
我只需要再去圣伯纳犬学校呆一年。
So it sounds like a bad construction deal.
所以这听起来像是一笔糟糕的建筑交易。
Two more weeks.
还有两周。
Give me two more weeks and we'll be done.
再给我两周时间，我们就完成了。
And it just kept going on.
而且这种情况一直持续着。
And it kept going on.
而且这种情况一直持续着。
Meanwhile, the monks he replaced were getting exactly what Wall himself had asked for.
与此同时，他所取代的僧侣们得到的正是沃尔本人所要求的。
They were going back to the monastary, permanently.
他们要永远回到修道院。
I'd run across them at community meetings.
我在社区会议上遇到过他们。
And whenever we had chapter votes, and all that.
每当我们有章节投票时，诸如此类。
And it's hard not to be judgmental.
很难不做出评判。
The other thing I found hard was that my whole career path was driven by other people's mistakes.
我发现另一件困难的事情是我的整个职业道路都是由其他人的错误驱动的。
And that's the last thing I ever expected in monastic life.
这是我在修道院生活中最不想发生的事情。
I really expected to work in a parish for a year, to go off to grad school, come back, teach, coach football at the university.
我真的很希望能在一个教区工作一年，然后去读研究生，然后回来，在大学教书、担任橄榄球教练。
And to live a pretty darn good life-- a balance between prayer and teaching and working as a teacher.
并且过着非常美好的生活——在祈祷、教学和教师工作之间取得平衡。
So-- They changed my career path.
所以——他们改变了我的职业道路。
They changed my whole trajectory in life.
他们改变了我的整个人生轨迹。
Without fully realizing it, Wall have been initiated into a brotherhood of priests known informally as fixers or cleaners.
在没有完全意识到这一点的情况下，沃尔已经加入了一个牧师兄弟会，非正式地称为修理工或清洁工。
They replaced problem priests.
他们更换了有问题的牧师。
They hide things in the archives.
他们把东西藏在档案馆里。
They reassure the faithful.
他们让信徒放心。
In short, they make it all go away.
简而言之，他们让一切都消失了。
Visually, he was perfect for the job.
从视觉上看，他非常适合这份工作。
He's was barrel-chested, a former offensive lineman on the St. John's football team.
他胸肌发达，曾是圣约翰橄榄球队的进攻前锋。
He was young and friendly.
他很年轻，很友善。
He was the anti-stereotype of a troubled monk.
他是一个反传统形象的陷入困境的僧侣。
The abbot couldn't have found a better prospect if he had picked a model out of a catalogue.
如果院长从目录中挑选一个模型，他不可能找到更好的前景。
But Wall did more than just PR.
但沃尔所做的不仅仅是公关。
He became familiar with the law of the church called cannon law.
他逐渐熟悉了被称为教会法的教会法律。
Specifically, with the different archives cannon law sets up for storing and hiding information.
具体来说，根据大炮法设置的不同档案来存储和隐藏信息。
The first is the historical archives, which is just the names, states, people, those kinds of things.
第一个是历史档案，里面只有名字、国家、人物之类的东西。
Then you have the secret archives.
然后你就有了秘密档案。
The secret archives-- is that literally what they're called-- the secret archives?
秘密档案馆——这就是他们所谓的字面意思吗——秘密档案馆？
I mean, why were they set up?
我的意思是，为什么要设立它们？
They're set up for the protection of individuals.
它们是为了保护个人而设立的。
So the bishop has the responsibility to take things that would be considered scandalous, things that might hurt individuals' reputations, and to be able place them there so they wouldn't easily be exposed.
所以主教有责任把那些被认为是可耻的、可能损害个人名誉的事情收起来，并能够将它们放在那里，这样它们就不会轻易被曝光。
OK When you call it the secret archives though, it makes it sound sinister.
好吧，当你称其为秘密档案时，听起来很险恶。
It makes it sound like it's there for the protection-- to really protect the church.
这听起来像是为了保护——真正地保护教堂。
I'm not saying that's what it is.
我并不是说事情就是这样。
But that's how it sounds.
但听起来就是这样。
I mean what really is the purpose of these so-called secrets?
我的意思是这些所谓的秘密的真正目的是什么？
Why can't everything be in the personnel records.
为什么不能把所有的事情都记录在人事记录中呢？
And then some items just be labelled confidential or whatever?
然后有些项目只是被标记为机密或其他什么？
Well, you've got to give Rome credit.
好吧，你必须相信罗马。
I mean they have wonderful procedure.
我的意思是他们有很棒的程序。
This is things that have worked out for centuries.
这是几个世纪以来一直有效的事情。
And that has always been the secret to one of the defenses of the church.
这一直是教会防御的秘密之一。
If you don't know what you're asking for, they don't have to produce it.
如果您不知道自己要什么，他们就不必提供。
[MUSIC - "ANGEL'S ULULU" BY DEERHOOF]
[音乐 - DEERHOOF 的“天使的乌鲁鲁”]
Did you ever-- when you were working for the church, cleaning up these situations of abuse and having to tell parishioners some of the facts, but not all of the facts about what was going on, did you ever feel complicit in the cover-up of all of this?
当你为教会工作，清理这些虐待情况，并不得不告诉教区居民一些事实，但不是全部事实时，你是否曾经感到自己是掩盖这一切的同谋？
I have some regrets.
我有些遗憾。
But I think I did it in good faith.
但我认为我是出于善意这么做的。
Because as I was taught and as I believed, that was my role, to help the church in the long run.
因为正如我所受的教导和我所相信的那样，从长远来看，这就是我的角色，帮助教会。
And to be obedient to what I was asked to do.
并服从我被要求做的事情。
And it's only later on as I had greater experience that I couldn't support it any longer.
直到后来我有了更多的经历，我才不再支持它。
And I felt that if I was going to stay, I was going to not only support it but I was going to get deeper into it.
我觉得如果我要留下来，我不仅会支持它，而且会更深入地参与其中。
I was going to be asked to do other assignments to follow pedophiles.
我将被要求做其他任务来追踪恋童癖者。
I was going to be asked to be on the finance council to try to figure out ways to mitigate the huge financial costs of childhood sexual abuse by priests and the religious.
我将被要求加入财务委员会，试图找出方法来减轻牧师和宗教人士儿童性虐待造成的巨大经济成本。
And I remember having an epiphany.
我记得我顿悟了。
And sitting on the porch at St. Mary's in Stillwater.
坐在斯蒂尔沃特圣玛丽教堂的门廊上。
And that's when I came to the conclusion that this is pretty much going to be my career path.
就在那时我得出结论，这几乎将成为我的职业道路。
I'd be there for another year or two as the administrator.
我会在那里再担任一两年的管理员。
And then I would go on to another assignment.
然后我会继续执行另一项任务。
And I just couldn't do it any longer.
我再也做不到了。
[MUSIC - "ANGEL'S ULULU" BY DEERHOOF]
[音乐 - DEERHOOF 的“天使的乌鲁鲁”]
After four years of deceiving the faithful about the extent of priests and misconduct, of protecting the institution over the health and welfare of the victims, of covering for the perpetrators and letting the problem fester, Patrick Wall decided he was on the wrong side.
四年来，帕特里克·沃尔在牧师和不当行为的严重程度上欺骗了信徒，保护了机构而不是受害者的健康和福利，为肇事者提供了掩护，让问题进一步恶化，帕特里克·沃尔认为自己站在了错误的一边。
On July 31, 1998, Wall quit the priesthood.
1998年7月31日，沃尔辞去神职。
He was 33 years old.
他当时 33 岁。
[MUSIC - "ANGEL'S ULULU" BY DEERHOOF]
[音乐 - DEERHOOF 的“天使的乌鲁鲁”]
Leaving was difficult.
离开是很困难的。
If you want to leave honorably, you need permission, which doesn't come easily or quickly.
如果你想体面地离开，你需要获得许可，而这并不容易或很快。
It took more than a year in Wall's case.
沃尔的案子花了一年多的时间。
Then once you're out, there are practical challenges, like trying to get a job with a Master of Theology on your resume.
一旦你出去了，就会遇到实际的挑战，比如试图找到一份简历上有神学硕士学位的工作。
In the end, it was his experience as a fixer that translated best to the real world.
最后，他作为调解员的经验最能体现在现实世界中。
Wall read an op-ed in the LA Times, by John Manley, an attorney who sues the church on behalf of sexual abuse victims.
沃尔在《洛杉矶时报》上阅读了约翰·曼利 (John Manley) 发表的一篇专栏文章，他是一位代表性虐待受害者起诉教会的律师。
He essentially separated himself amongst all the different attorneys in saying that we need to protect the sheep and not the shepherd.
他基本上将自己与所有不同的律师区分开来，说我们需要保护羊而不是牧羊人。
It's not the problem of the victims.
这不是受害者的问题。
It's not the problem of the particular perpetrators, per se, or some particular issue like homosexuality, or whatever.
这不是特定肇事者本身的问题，也不是同性恋等特定问题的问题。
The problem is within the institution itself.
问题出在机构本身内部。
By this point, Wall was convinced that lawsuits where the only way to reform the church.
至此，沃尔确信诉讼是改革教会的唯一途径。
He called Manley and offered to help.
他打电话给曼利并表示愿意提供帮助。
Soon they were on the phone constantly.
很快他们就不断地打电话。
Wall took him step by step through church bureaucracy.
沃尔带领他一步步穿越教会的官僚机构。
Manley was amazed.
曼利很惊讶。
John didn't know all the different documents that are out there.
约翰不知道所有不同的文件。
And then John will be working on things and he'd call me up, and said, "Dude, what do I do with this?
然后约翰会做一些事情，他会打电话给我，说：“伙计，我该怎么处理这个？
What does this mean?
这意味着什么？
What am I supposed to do with it?
我该怎么办？
What are other things can I-- where else can I look?" And I remember-- I think he was quite surprised when I showed him the penal code of canon law and exactly what we need to ask for.
我还能做什么——我还能去哪里寻找？”我记得——我认为当我向他展示教会法的刑法以及我们需要要求的内容时，他感到非常惊讶。
He just couldn't believe that it was there.
他简直不敢相信它就在那里。
That they would have that level of sophistication.
他们会有那种程度的复杂性。
[MUSIC - "ANGEL'S ULULU" BY DEERHOOF]
[音乐 - DEERHOOF 的“天使的乌鲁鲁”]
Wall started working for Manley's law firm full-time in October of 2002.
沃尔于 2002 年 10 月开始在曼利律师事务所全职工作。
Using his knowledge of Latin and Italian, he translates and interprets church records.
他利用自己的拉丁语和意大利语知识翻译和解释教会记录。
He helps the firm identify and request key documents, like psychological assessment of priests, from the secret archives.
他帮助公司从秘密档案中识别并索取关键文件，例如牧师的心理评估。
The fact that he switched sides, that's he's fighting the church, doesn't seem to trouble him.
事实上，他改变了立场，即他正在与教会作斗争，这一事实似乎并没有让他感到困扰。
He believes he is doing what God wants them to do, which is what he's always believed.
他相信他正在做上帝希望他们做的事情，这也是他一直相信的。
[MUSIC - ANGEL'S ULULU" BY DEERHOOF]
[音乐 - 天使的乌鲁鲁” by DEERHOOF]
There's another part to Wall's job at the firm which doesn't have anything to do with case law.
沃尔在公司的工作还有一部分与判例法无关。
Last week, he stayed on the phone with a man for an hour and a half, listening to him talk about the priest who abused him, and who might still be hurting other people.
上周，他和一名男子通了一个半小时的电话，听他谈论虐待他的牧师，以及可能仍在伤害其他人的牧师。
Wall finds himself talking to victims about all kinds of things.
沃尔发现自己正在与受害者谈论各种各样的事情。
Everything he was not allowed to talk about before, back when he was a priest.
当他还是一名牧师时，他以前不被允许谈论的一切。
I feel I really do pastoral work when I'm working was victims every day, on every single issue.
我觉得当我每天在每一个问题上都是受害者时，我确实在做牧师工作。
Before you were part of a holy order.
在你成为骑士团成员之前。
And now you're working with a bunch of lawyers.
现在你正在和一群律师一起工作。
And it's hard to know-- it's hard to know these days where priests belong on the ethical ladder, but most people know exactly what a lawyer is.
这很难知道——现在很难知道牧师在道德阶梯上属于什么位置，但大多数人确切地知道律师是什么。
So it's odd to hear you talk about this work being more fulfilling in some ways that what you were doing before.
因此，听到你说这项工作在某些方面比你以前所做的更有成就感，这很奇怪。
Well, we're dealing with people at the lowest ebb of where they're at.
好吧，我们面对的是处于最低潮的人们。
They're dealing with the greatest pain they've ever experienced.
他们正在应对他们所经历过的最大的痛苦。
And one of the greatest things that we find is that they can no longer participate in the sacramental life of the church because of the seven sacraments.
我们发现的最重要的事情之一是，由于七件圣礼，他们无法再参与教会的圣礼生活。
The one thing that's really clear is that it takes a priest to administer the sacrament.
真正清楚的一件事是，需要牧师来主持圣礼。
And every sacrament is either through touching or it's through breath, through words.
每一个圣礼要么通过触摸，要么通过呼吸，通过言语。
It's in close proximity to the priest.
距离牧师很近。
And that is the symbol of their abuse.
这就是他们虐待的象征。
So we're dealing with some of the most damaged people within the church.
所以我们正在处理教会内一些受损最严重的人。
And it's a very fulfilling ministry I find in being pastoral to be with them.
我发现与他们一起牧养是一种非常充实的事奉。
Because honestly, we're one of the few symbols of hope that they have.
因为老实说，我们是他们拥有的少数希望的象征之一。
[MUSIC - "ANGEL'S ULULU" BY DEERHOOF]
[音乐 - DEERHOOF 的“天使的乌鲁鲁”]
Patrick Wall is married now.
帕特里克·沃尔现已结婚。
He and his wife have a two-year-old daughter, who they plan to send to Catholic school.
他和妻子有一个两岁的女儿，他们计划将她送到天主教学校。
They all go to mass every Sunday.
他们每周日都去参加弥撒。
Carl Marziali attends mass with his family in Los Angeles.
卡尔·马齐亚利 (Carl Marziali) 与家人在洛杉矶参加弥撒。
Patrick Wall, however, no longer does.
然而，帕特里克·沃尔不再这样做了。
Since we first aired this story in 2003, Patrick has worked on nearly a thousand sexual abuse cases involving priests and co-authored a book called Sex, Priests, and Secret Codes: The Catholic Church's 2,000 Year Paper Trail of Sexual Abuse.
自从我们在 2003 年首次播出这个故事以来，帕特里克已经处理了近千起涉及牧师的性虐待案件，并与人合着了一本名为《性、牧师和密码：天主教会 2000 年性虐待论文追踪》的书。
He says after all this, he no longer believes that the Catholic Church has the capacity to change.
他说，经历这一切之后，他不再相信天主教会有能力改变。
His daughter, now eight years old, is not enrolled in Catholic school.
他的女儿现年八岁，没有就读于天主教学校。
[MUSIC - "ANGEL'S ULULU" BY DEERHOOF]
[音乐 - DEERHOOF 的“天使的乌鲁鲁”]
Coming up, enemies on our turf-- controlling the minds of ants, of rats, of you and me.
来了，我们地盘上的敌人——控制蚂蚁、老鼠、你我的思想。
This is not some whacked out conspiracy theory, my friends.
我的朋友们，这不是什么阴谋论。
This is science.
这是科学。
In a minute from Chicago Public Radio and Public Radio International, when our program continues.
距离芝加哥公共广播电台和国际公共广播电台一分钟，我们的节目仍在继续。
This is American Life.
这就是美国生活。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Each week on our program of course we choose some theme, bring you a variety of different kinds of stories on that theme.
当然，每周我们的节目都会选择一些主题，为您带来有关该主题的各种不同类型的故事。
Today's program, Enemy Camp-- stories of what it means to work behind enemy lines.
今天的节目《敌营》讲述了在敌后工作的意义。
We've arrived at Act Two of our program.
我们已经到了节目的第二幕了。
Act Two: Blood Agent.
第二幕：血液特工。
Nature, it turns out, is full of enemy agents, living behind enemy lines, doing their work.
事实证明，大自然充满了敌方特工，他们生活在敌后，做着他们的工作。
Parasites-- they're literally parasites.
寄生虫——它们确实是寄生虫。
Carl Zimmer has written a book about the different strategies that these parasites use to survive.
卡尔·齐默（Carl Zimmer）写了一本关于这些寄生虫生存的不同策略的书。
And it makes for weirdly compelling reading.
这使得阅读变得异常引人注目。
For one thing, who knew how prevalent they were?
一方面，谁知道它们有多流行？
Most creatures are living inside an enemy.
大多数生物都生活在敌人的体内。
And they are trying to fight that enemy, trying to survive, trying to outwit--
他们正在努力对抗敌人，努力生存，努力智取——
Just to give people a sense of the range of things that different parasites do, could you tell the story of the parasite that gets into ants, the lancet fluke?
为了让人们了解不同寄生虫所做的一系列事情，您能否讲述一下进入蚂蚁体内的寄生虫（柳叶刀吸虫）的故事？
Sure.
当然。
Well, the lancet fluke is kind of a flatworm.
嗯，柳叶刀吸虫是一种扁形虫。
It starts out as AN egg on the ground.
它一开始是地上的一颗鸡蛋。
And a snail comes along and eats the egg.
一只蜗牛走过来吃掉了鸡蛋。
And it kind of irritates the snail's system.
这有点刺激蜗牛的系统。
So eventually it kind of coughs it up.
所以最终它会咳出来。
And so there you have this sort of clump of kind OF nail goo with a parasite in it.
所以你就会看到一团指甲粘液，里面有寄生虫。
And while it's disgusting to us, to an ant there's nothing more delicious than snail goo.
虽然它对我们来说很恶心，但对蚂蚁来说，没有什么比蜗牛粘液更美味的了。
So the ant comes along.
于是蚂蚁就来了。
And he it eats the snail goo and the parasite along with it.
它吃掉蜗牛的粘液和寄生虫。
So now you have these flukes inside the ant.
现在蚂蚁体内就有了这些吸虫。
And once they recognize that they're inside the ant, they start doing some strange things.
一旦它们意识到自己在蚂蚁体内，它们就会开始做一些奇怪的事情。
Sort of as the sun is starting to go down, while the other ants are probably heading back to the nest, it gets this uncontrollable urge to climb upwards.
有点像太阳开始落山，而其他蚂蚁可能正在返回巢穴时，它就会产生一种无法控制的向上爬的冲动。
It wants to climb up.
它想爬上去。
And what it generally does is it climbs up a blade of grass.
它通常会爬上一片草叶。
And what's the advantage to the parasite for the ant to be up there?
蚂蚁在上面对寄生虫有什么好处呢？
Well, it's not too obvious at first.
嗯，一开始并不太明显。
I mean it's not like the parasite wants to take in a better view.
我的意思是，寄生虫并不想看到更好的视野。
The thing is that there are these grazing mammals-- sheep, cows.
问题是这里有这些食草哺乳动物——绵羊、牛。
And that's one their favorite grazing times, towards the end of the day.
这是他们最喜欢的放牧时间之一，一天快结束时。
So the ant goes up there.
于是蚂蚁就到那里去了。
The sheep comes along.
羊也跟着来了。
Chews on the grass.
咀嚼着草地。
The ant gets eaten.
蚂蚁被吃掉了。
Chewed up.
咀嚼过。
Dies.
死了。
But the flukes, inside the ant, they can survive the digestive acids in the sheep's stomach.
但蚂蚁体内的吸虫可以在羊胃中的消化酸中存活下来。
And actually sheep are where they like to live.
事实上，羊是它们喜欢居住的地方。
They're their final host.
他们是最后的主人。
What's so amazing that is it's not just the control that the parasite is having over the ant.
令人惊奇的是，寄生虫对蚂蚁的控制不仅仅是如此。
That life cycle that you're describing is so complicated.
你所描述的生命周期是如此复杂。
It's having to go through three different animals over the course of its normal life cycle.
它在正常的生命周期中必须经历三种不同的动物。
Yeah.
是的。
There actually are some parasites that go through six or seven different animals to get through their life cycle.
实际上，有些寄生虫需要通过六七种不同的动物才能完成其生命周期。
It's mind boggling.
真是令人难以置信。
It's really hard to talk about without kind of ascribing a kind of intentionality to them.
如果不赋予它们某种意向性，真的很难谈论。
They don't have consciousness.
他们没有意识。
They don't have brains in any way.
他们根本就没有脑子。
And its hard for us to even understand what they're doing without kind of like putting that on them.
如果不把它戴在他们身上，我们甚至很难理解他们在做什么。
Yeah.
是的。
Because in a sense they are using us or are using other animals or other hosts in such an intentional way.
因为从某种意义上说，他们正在以这种故意的方式利用我们或其他动物或其他宿主。
And they seem to know so much.
而且他们似乎知道很多。
How does a tapeworm inside a fish know that if it makes it flick and flail a certain way, that it'll be easier for a bird to see it.
鱼体内的绦虫如何知道，如果它以某种方式轻弹和连枷，鸟儿就会更容易看到它。
So they can get inside that bird, where it wants to be.
这样他们就可以进入那只鸟的体内，到达它想去的地方。
It's amazing.
太棒了。
And not only to not have brains-- a lot of them don't even have nerves.
不仅没有大脑，很多人甚至没有神经。
So it's just this sinister chemical wisdom they have.
所以这就是他们拥有的这种险恶的化学智慧。
And it seems like all the parasites break down into two different groups.
似乎所有寄生虫都分为两个不同的组。
There the kinds that actually get inside a host and then kill it off in their drive to survive.
有些种类的动物实际上会进入宿主体内，然后为了生存而杀死它。
And then there are others which actually just kind of live inside and are happily living inside forever.
还有一些实际上只是住在里面，并且永远幸福地生活在里面。
They want the host to survive.
他们希望宿主活下来。
Could you just tell the example of the creature that eats the fish's tongue?
你能举个吃鱼舌头的生物的例子吗？
Yeah.
是的。
This is a particularly creepy one.
这是一件特别令人毛骨悚然的事。
The parasite in question is called an isopod, which is a kind of crustacean.
这种寄生虫被称为等足类动物，是甲壳类动物的一种。
It looks like a little pill bug or something.
它看起来像一个小药丸虫什么的。
But it lives in the water.
但它生活在水里。
And what it does is it swims into the mouth of a snapper, a fish.
它所做的就是游进鲷鱼的嘴里。
And when it's in there, it's eats that fish's tongue.
当它在那里时，它会吃掉鱼的舌头。
It just devours the tongue completely.
它只是完全吞噬了舌头。
But just the tongue.
但只是舌头。
It stops there.
它停在那里。
But now this isopod, this parasite does something very weird.
但现在这种等足类动物，这种寄生虫做了一些非常奇怪的事情。
It sort of turns around so it's facing front.
它有点转向，所以它面向前方。
And kind of hunkers down exactly where the tongue used to be.
有点像舌头原来所在的地方。
So if you look in one of these fish's mouths, you see this tongue that has these little eyes in it.
所以如果你看其中一条鱼的嘴，你会看到这条舌头上有这些小眼睛。
It's amazing.
太棒了。
And what scientists think then happens is that the fish can then sort of use the parasite as its tongue.
科学家们认为，随后发生的事情是，鱼可以将寄生虫用作舌头。
It'll go out and it'll catch some food.
它会出去并捕捉一些食物。
And it'll catch a fish.
而且它会钓到一条鱼。
And will crush up the food on the back of this parasite.
并会压碎这种寄生虫背上的食物。
The fish I guess doesn't mind too if it can still get its meal I guess.
我想，如果鱼还能吃到饭的话，我想它也不会介意。
And the fish can then kind of get back to its life.
然后鱼就可以恢复生机了。
So many of these stories just are such gross-out stories on a visceral level.
从发自内心的层面来看，这些故事中有很多都是非常恶心的故事。
Well, it's funny because it disturbs us when we talk about that when it comes to parasites.
嗯，这很有趣，因为当我们谈论寄生虫时，它让我们感到不安。
But I mean why doesn't it disturb us when we talk about a lion?
但我的意思是，当我们谈论狮子时，为什么我们不会感到不安呢？
We name football teams after lions.
我们以狮子的名字命名足球队。
Yeah.
是的。
Carl Zimmer But we don't name football teams after tapeworms.
卡尔·齐默（Carl Zimmer）：但是我们不会以绦虫来命名足球队。
You don't have the Tapeworms or something like that.
你没有绦虫或类似的东西。
We don't want to think about it.
我们不想考虑它。
But we admire these predators.
但我们钦佩这些掠夺者。
But what are these predators doing?
但这些掠食者在做什么呢？
These predators are taking advantage of these other life forms.
这些掠食者正在利用这些其他生命形式。
They're just sort of eating them from the outside, I guess you could say.
我猜你可能会说，它们只是从外面吃它们。
I mean to my mind, it's just a lot more cool when they're on the inside, trying to figure out how to make this work.
我的意思是，在我看来，当他们在内部尝试找出如何使这项工作成功时，这会更酷。
Thinking about this as much as you have, do you start to see everything as being parasites?
尽可能多地思考这个问题，你是否开始将一切视为寄生虫？
I see a lot of things as being parasites.
我认为很多东西都是寄生虫。
Parasites are the most successful life form on Earth.
寄生虫是地球上最成功的生命形式。
And it could be as many as three parasites for every one free living species.
每一种自由生活的物种可能有多达三种寄生虫。
It's hard to say.
很难说。
Huh.
呵呵。
Carl Zimmer And if you're not a species that is living inside another thing, then you're a species with something living inside of you.
卡尔·齐默（Carl Zimmer）：如果你不是一个生活在另一个事物内部的物种，那么你就是一个生活在你体内的事物的物种。
Is one side winning?
一方获胜吗？
Carl Zimmer I'd say the parasites have the upper hand because they're just doing so very well.
Carl Zimmer 我想说寄生虫占据上风，因为它们做得很好。
Sure.
当然。
Yeah.
是的。
I mean they have the most species.
我的意思是他们拥有最多的物种。
They're getting around all these defenses.
他们正在绕过所有这些防御。
I mean there are things they do that either we don't know how they do it or if we know how they do it, we can't reproduce it.
我的意思是，他们所做的一些事情要么我们不知道他们是如何做到的，要么即使我们知道他们是如何做到的，我们也无法复制它。
We just stand in awe of it.
我们只是对它感到敬畏。
I know.
我知道。
But we know about them.
但我们了解他们。
They don't know about us.
他们不了解我们。
Like we're the ones with the brains and the thinking and the consciousness.
就像我们是有大脑、有思想、有意识的人一样。
Well, then maybe you're overselling your brain you know.
好吧，那么你知道，也许你过分推销了你的大脑。
I mean the brain's a wonderful thing.
我的意思是大脑是一个奇妙的东西。
But these parasites are able to pull the strings in those brains in a lot of cases.
但在很多情况下，这些寄生虫能够操纵这些大脑。
Say for example, a rat.
举个例子，一只老鼠。
Rats are very smart animals.
老鼠是非常聪明的动物。
I mean they know how to learn.
我的意思是他们知道如何学习。
They know how to figure out their surroundings.
他们知道如何了解周围的环境。
But there's a parasite called toxoplasma, that's a single-celled parasite.
但有一种寄生虫叫做弓形虫，它是一种单细胞寄生虫。
And they pick it up on the ground.
他们把地上的东西捡起来。
And when it gets into them, they suddenly lose their fear of the smell of cats.
当它进入他们体内时，他们突然不再害怕猫的气味。
Otherwise, they're totally the same.
否则，它们是完全一样的。
Then the cat eats them.
然后猫吃掉它们。
And then toxoplasma gets into its final host, which is the cat.
然后弓形虫进入其最终宿主，即猫。
So even though you've got a brain, you're still being pushed towards your doom by this single-celled parasite.
因此，即使你有大脑，你仍然会被这种单细胞寄生虫推向灭亡。
I think I'm on the parasite's side when it comes to getting a bad rap.
我想，当谈到受到不好的批评时，我是站在寄生虫一边的。
I'm their PR man.
我是他们的公关人员。
Because Mr. Zimmer, at some point we're all going to have to choose sides in this war.
因为齐默先生，在某些时候我们都必须在这场战争中选择立场。
Speaking for the other humans, I want to say you're either with us or against us.
代表其他人类，我想说你们要么支持我们，要么反对我们。
Well, it's funny.
嗯，这很有趣。
I have not gotten seriously sick in my life.
我一生中没有生过重病。
Knock on wood.
敲木头。
And I have actually gone to places where there are a lot of parasites around, in order to report on how people are dealing with them.
我实际上去过周围有很多寄生虫的地方，以报告人们如何处理它们。
And I didn't get sick.
而且我没有生病。
I was really scared.
我真的很害怕。
But I didn't get sick.
但我没有生病。
I didn't get malaria.
我没有得疟疾。
I didn't get river blindness.
我没有得河盲症。
I didn't get sleeping sickness.
我没有得昏睡病。
What is this?
这是什么？
Are you saying this because they could sense that you are in league with them?
你这么说是因为他们感觉到你与他们有勾结吗？
Who knows?
谁知道？
Well, maybe they think I'm here to serve their purpose.
好吧，也许他们认为我来这里是为了达到他们的目的。
Carl Zimmer.
卡尔·齐默.
His book, the perfect reading material if you ever whenever long talk with an eight-year-old boy, is Parasite Rex.
如果你每次和一个八岁的男孩长时间交谈，他的书是完美的阅读材料，这本书是《寄生霸王龙》。
[MUSIC - "I LIVE OFF YOU" - BY X-RAY SPEX]
[音乐 - “I LIVE OFF YOU” - BY X-RAY SPEX]
Act Three.
第三幕。
As The Worm Turns.
当蠕虫转动时。
Well, as long as we're on the subject of apologists for parasites, let's hear this story from the staff of Radiolab .
好吧，既然我们谈论的是寄生虫的辩护者，那就让我们听听 Radiolab 工作人员的故事。
Here's Radiolab's host Robert Krulwich and reporter Patrick Walters.
以下是 Radiolab 的主持人罗伯特·克鲁维奇和记者帕特里克·沃尔特斯的报道。
So Patrick, are you there?
帕特里克，你在吗？
Patrick Walters Yeah, I'm here, Robert.
帕特里克·沃尔特斯 是的，我在这里，罗伯特。
So just tell us a little bit about this fellow, what's his name exactly?
那么请告诉我们一些关于这个人的信息，他到底叫什么名字？
His name is Jasper Lawrence.
他的名字叫贾斯帕·劳伦斯。
He actually grew up in England.
他实际上是在英国长大的。
He grew up in this little farm in the southwest corner of England.
他在英格兰西南角的这个小农场长大。
And it's important to know before hearing any part of his story, that Jasper has had allergies for pretty much his whole life.
在听贾斯珀的故事的任何部分之前，重要的是要知道贾斯珀几乎一生都患有过敏症。
On really bad days, my eyes would swell up so much from pollen or air borne allergens that they would feel like they were swelling shut.
在非常糟糕的日子里，我的眼睛会因为花粉或空气中的过敏原而肿胀得厉害，感觉就像肿得睁不开一样。
I could feel my eyes squeaking in my sockets.
我能感觉到我的眼睛在眼窝里吱吱作响。
It was an enormously uncomfortable feeling.
这是一种非常不舒服的感觉。
They were just allergies.
他们只是过敏。
Patrick Walters And so he's just like most other people who have allergies.
帕特里克·沃尔特斯（Patrick Walters）所以他就像大多数其他有过敏症的人一样。
You just learn to deal with it.
你只需学会处理它。
You know, you live with it.
你知道，你忍受它。
But what changed for me in my late 20s, early 30s was my asthma.
但在我 20 岁末、30 岁出头的时候，我的哮喘发生了变化。
And at that time I was living in Santa Cruz.
那时我住在圣克鲁斯。
I was relatively recently married.
我结婚不久。
We had three cats that had been grandfathered in with the relationship.
我们养了三只猫，它们都是随着这种关系而被继承的。
And I started a landscaping business.
我开始了园林绿化业务。
I really didn't work for someone else.
我确实没有给别人打过工。
I think someone with allergies, a landscaping business, that seems kind of unexpected.
我认为一个有过敏症的人，从事园林绿化工作，这似乎有点出乎意料。
Stupid is actually the word for it.
愚蠢这个词实际上就是这个意思。
And within six months or a year--
在六个月或一年之内——
He starts to notice-- Jasper Lawrence --this really weird barking cough.
他开始注意到——贾斯珀·劳伦斯——这种非常奇怪的犬吠咳嗽。
Was there anything in particular that brought this on?
是否有什么特别的事情导致了这种情况？
No. It was just sitting and breathing.
不，只是坐着呼吸。
Cats certainly didn't help.
猫当然没有帮助。
Right.
正确的。
Jasper Lawrence And during that period, my asthma got much worse, very, very quickly.
贾斯帕·劳伦斯 在那段时间里，我的哮喘病恶化得非常非常快。
By the time it was 1996, 1997, I was seeing specialists, having skin allergen tests, and cycling through emergency inhalers, trying Singulair and all these other drugs that were coming on the market.
到了 1996、1997 年，我去看了专家，进行了皮肤过敏原测试，并循环使用紧急吸入器，尝试了顺尔宁和所有其他即将上市的药物。
I was being hospitalized at least couple of times a year.
我每年至少住院几次。
I mean I looked terrible.
我的意思是我看起来很糟糕。
I had dark eyes and pale, waxy skin.
我有黑色的眼睛和苍白、蜡质的皮肤。
I had that allergic look.
我看起来很过敏。
It was a really bad time.
那真是一段糟糕的时光。
And he decides in the summer of 2004 to take a vacation.
2004年夏天，他决定去度假。
Yeah.
是的。
I took my two daughters back to see my aunt who had raised me.
我带着两个女儿回去见养我长大的姨妈。
Very early in the visit, I was sitting at her kitchen table.
在访问的初期，我坐在她厨房的桌子旁。
And she asked me if I'd seen a BBC documentary about parasites and their connection with things like asthma and allergies and multiple sclerosis.
她问我是否看过一部关于寄生虫及其与哮喘、过敏和多发性硬化症等疾病的关系的 BBC 纪录片。
And of course I hadn't.
当然我没有。
But I went upstairs and got on the internet after lunch.
但午饭后我就上楼上网了。
And I stayed on the internet until perhaps 2:00 in the morning.
我一直上网直到凌晨 2:00。
I didn't stop.
我没有停下来。
I was reading and reading the work of all these researchers.
我一直在阅读所有这些研究人员的作品。
One study after the next.
一项接着一项研究。
Jasper Lawrence And Japan.
贾斯帕·劳伦斯和日本。
And epidemiological studies in Africa.
以及非洲的流行病学研究。
Animal models of multiple sclerosis.
多发性硬化症的动物模型。
This enormous weight of evidence that in the developing world people don't really have asthma or allergies.
大量证据表明，发展中国家的人们并没有真正患有哮喘或过敏症。
And what he discovers is that behind all of this, to his shock, is hookworms.
令他震惊的是，他发现这一切的背后是钩虫。
Hookworm?
钩虫？
Patrick Walters Yeah.
帕特里克·沃尔特斯 是的。
Hookworms.
钩虫。
Yeah.
是的。
I learned that asthma was 50% less likely in someone who had a hookworm infection.
我了解到，患有钩虫感染的人患哮喘的可能性会降低 50%。
Oh, yeah.
哦，是的。
Patrick Walters What did you think when you read that?
帕特里克·沃尔特斯（Patrick Walters）读到这篇文章后有何感想？
Oh, I immediately was determined to obtain hookworm.
哦，我立刻就下定决心要获得钩虫。
Immediately.
立即地。
I couldn't wait.
我等不及了。
So hookworms are these very tiny worms the size of a little hair.
钩虫是非常小的蠕虫，只有一根头发那么大。
But if you take a microscope in you zoom way in, they have this big circular mouth mouth, brimming full of pointy teeth.
但如果你用显微镜放大，你会发现它们有一个圆形的大嘴，里面布满了尖牙。
very.
非常。
Scary to look at.
看起来很吓人。
They have these toothy mouths so that they can borough up through your feet, ride through your blood, and eventually end up down in your gut, and start chewing on the inside of your intestines.
它们有这些牙齿的嘴，这样它们就可以穿过你的脚，穿过你的血液，最终进入你的肠道，并开始咀嚼你的肠道内部。
This guy wants hookworms in his intestines?
这家伙想要肠子里有钩虫吗？
Absolutely.
绝对地。
Patrick Walters And so did you just Google it?
帕特里克·沃尔特斯 那么你是用谷歌搜索的吗？
Yeah.
是的。
Hookworms for sale.
出售钩虫。
I mean someone has got to be selling them.
我的意思是必须有人来卖它们。
But nothing.
但什么也没有。
I contacted every laboratory supply company in the world and parasitology research centers.
我联系了世界上每家实验室供应公司和寄生虫学研究中心。
And they all said the same thing.
他们都说了同样的话。
No. Various flavors of no. And so I came to the conclusion that I was going to have to go to the tropics.
不。各种口味的不。所以我得出的结论是我必须去热带地区。
So fast forward a little.
快进一点。
Jasper is in Cameroon, along the coast.
贾斯珀位于喀麦隆沿海。
Quite literally and figuratively the armpit of Africa.
毫不夸张地说，就是非洲的腋窝。
He's 200 miles north of the equator.
他位于赤道以北 200 英里处。
It's extremely hot.
天气非常热。
He finds a guy to drive them around.
他找了一个人开车送他们到处走走。
And so and his driver would go to a village--
所以他的司机会去一个村庄——
We'd get out of the car.
我们会下车。
Patrick Walters --walk up to these villagers and ask them if they could see the latrine.
帕特里克·沃尔特斯——走到这些村民面前，问他们是否可以参观厕所。
Just an open area of ground.
只是一块空地。
Usually with bushes so people could have a little bit privacy.
通常有灌木丛，这样人们就可以有一点隐私。
And I would go over to the area, remove my shoes, and start walking.
我会走到那个地方，脱掉鞋子，然后开始行走。
The first time I did that I almost couldn't do it.
我第一次做的时候几乎做不到。
It must have been 110 degrees that day-- 100% humidity.
那天气温一定是 110 度——湿度 100%。
And the stench and the noise from the insects.
还有昆虫发出的恶臭和噪音。
It was so repulsive and so disgusting.
这真是令人厌恶又令人厌恶。
How many villages and latrines do you think you visited?
您认为您去过多少个村庄和厕所？
Between 30 and 40.
30到40之间。
Patrick Walters Jasper spent two weeks there walking around in village latrines and then he flew home.
帕特里克·沃尔特斯·贾斯珀在那里待了两周，在村里的厕所里走来走去，然后飞回家。
I got back from Africa in early February.
我二月初从非洲回来。
So I was looking at allergy season coming up.
所以我预计过敏季节即将到来。
And the day I realized that I longer had allergies, that was such a good day.
当我意识到我不再过敏的那一天，那真是美好的一天。
I got into my car and I started driving.
我上了车，开始开车。
And I had the window down.
我把窗户放下了。
And I felt the breeze blowing across my face.
我感到微风拂过我的脸。
In the past what that meant was that very quickly my eyes would be itching uncontrollably.
在过去，这意味着很快我的眼睛就会不受控制地发痒。
Snot and phlegm was going to be pouring out of every orifice in my face.
鼻涕和痰将从我脸上的每一个孔口涌出。
And it didn't happen.
但它并没有发生。
It didn't happen.
它没有发生。
I just started screaming in the car.
我刚在车里就开始尖叫。
I was so, so happy.
我真是太、太高兴了。
And I haven't had an asthma attack since I went to Africa.
自从去了非洲之后我就没有再犯过哮喘病。
I no longer have allergies.
我不再过敏了。
The vast majority of the benefit that I've experienced has come from hookworm.
我所经历的绝大多数好处都来自钩虫。
What is the hookworm doing?
钩虫在做什么？
Do you know?
你知道吗？
Well, so the immune system that we learn about in elementary school is all about like these attack cells that go after foreign invaders and destroy them.
嗯，所以我们在小学学到的免疫系统就像这些攻击细胞一样，追赶外来入侵者并消灭它们。
Right.
正确的。
Patrick Walters And that's a big important part of the immune system.
帕特里克·沃尔特斯（Patrick Walters）：这是免疫系统的一个重要组成部分。
But if the immune system were allowed to attack and destroy things unchecked, it could kill you.
但如果免疫系统不受控制地攻击和破坏物体，它可能会杀死你。
And there are lots of diseases where the primary symptoms are caused by the immune system attacking the body that's it's really designed to protect.
有很多疾病的主要症状是由免疫系统攻击其真正要保护的身体引起的。
Allergies and asthma are just two of these.
过敏和哮喘只是其中的两个。
Some of the more serious ones are like Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, in which the immune system actually starts attacking the inside of the intestines.
一些更严重的疾病如 1 型糖尿病、多发性硬化症、克罗恩病，在这些疾病中，免疫系统实际上开始攻击肠道内部。
Uhhuh.
嗯嗯。
Patrick Walters There are like 80 of these diseases.
帕特里克·沃尔特斯 (Patrick Walters) 此类疾病大约有 80 种。
Eighty of them.
八十个。
Patrick Walters And so what scientists have found in lots and lots of mouse studies and in some human studies to this point too, is that once the hookworms get inside the gut and the immune system actually starts attacking, somehow hookworms actually stimulate these cells, which just quiet things down.
帕特里克·沃尔特斯 因此，科学家们在大量小鼠研究和一些人类研究中发现，一旦钩虫进入肠道，免疫系统实际上开始攻击，不知何故，钩虫实际上会刺激这些细胞，从而让事情平静下来。
And tell the attack cells to stop attacking.
并告诉攻击细胞停止攻击。
Exactly.
确切地。
What lots and lots of scientists think-- Joel Weinstock--
很多很多科学家的想法——乔尔·温斯托克——
Hookworms almost developed in tandem with the human immune system.
钩虫几乎与人类免疫系统同步发展。
Co-evolution.
共同进化。
Parasites living within your body, your immune system changes.
寄生虫生活在您的体内，您的免疫系统会发生变化。
If you got to a point where the hookworms could survive safely--
如果你达到了钩虫可以安全生存的地步——
The worm gets a home.
蠕虫找到了家。
There's food coming down the food pipe and in return--
食物从食物管道流下来，作为回报——
The human immune system gains some kind of--
人类免疫系统获得某种——
Some form of-- Patrick Walters Positive regulatory
某种形式的——帕特里克·沃尔特斯 积极监管
--advantage.
——优势。
Patrick Walters So that if you had this glitch where your immune system started attacking your own body, the presence of the hookworms would keep things--
帕特里克·沃尔特斯（Patrick Walters）因此，如果你的免疫系统出现了这个故障，开始攻击你自己的身体，那么钩虫的存在就会让事情——
--controlled.
——受控。
That's the gift.
这就是礼物。
You do something for the worm.
你为蠕虫做点什么。
The worm does something for you.
蠕虫会为你做一些事情。
So then by that logic, what we in the West, in the richer countries have done stupidly is we have cleaned ourselves up too much.
那么按照这个逻辑，我们西方国家、富裕国家的愚蠢行为就是我们把自己清理得太干净了。
And we don't have enough wormies in us.
我们体内的虫子还不够多。
Yeah, this is called-- Man They call it the hygiene hypothesis.
是的，这就是——伙计，他们称之为卫生假说。
--the hygiene hypothesis.
——卫生假说。
That we're not dirty enough.
说明我们还不够肮脏。
Too clean.
太干净了。
Jasper Lawrence We function like rain forests.
贾斯帕·劳伦斯 我们的运作就像雨林一样。
We're ecosystems.
我们是生态系统。
And we've entirely eliminated a class of organism that co-evolved with us and our genetic predecessors for millions of years.
我们已经完全消除了与我们和我们的遗传祖先共同进化了数百万年的一类生物体。
Now, I don't want to leave the impression that hygiene is bad for you.
现在，我不想给你留下卫生不好的印象。
People can't go back to living in filth-- kids playing in sewage by the river bank.
人们不能再回到肮脏的生活——孩子们在河边的污水里玩耍。
But in improving our hygiene, we're also excluding organisms that may be important for making us well.
但在改善我们的卫生习惯的同时，我们也排除了可能对我们健康很重要的生物体。
So then what does Jasper do about all of this?
那么贾斯珀对这一切做了什么呢？
He decides to start a business selling hookworm to people.
他决定开办一家向人们出售钩虫的生意。
What?
什么？
Patrick Walters You can call him up.
帕特里克·沃尔特斯 你可以给他打电话。
And he will literally Fed-Ex a dose of hookworms to your door.
他会把一剂钩虫快递到你家门口。
How?
如何？
Man Sorry, to break in for a second--
伙计，抱歉，打扰一下——
Pat-- Man Where does he get the hookworm from?
帕特——曼 他从哪里得到钩虫的？
This is weird.
这很奇怪。
Jasper gets the hookworm from himself.
贾斯帕从自己身上感染了钩虫。
Could you describe how you go about getting hookworm from your stool into one of your patients?
您能描述一下您是如何将粪便中的钩虫传染给您的一位患者的吗？
Well, it's a very easy organism to work with.
嗯，这是一个非常容易使用的有机体。
It gets up and it walks out of it.
它站起来并走出去。
So it doesn't take an enormous amount of work to separate it from the feces.
因此，将其与粪便分离并不需要大量的工作。
And then having done that, I repeatedly wash them in solutions of antibiotics to make sure that anything that could live on them is killed.
然后，我反复用抗生素溶液清洗它们，以确保任何可以在它们上面生存的东西都被杀死。
People contact us.
人们联系我们。
We'll have them complete a questionnaire, submit a recent blood test.
我们会让他们填写一份调查问卷，提交最近的血液检查。
Then we'll ship them a dose and all the materials and equipment and the instructions necessary to infect themselves.
然后我们会给他们运送一剂疫苗以及所有材料和设备以及感染自己所需的说明。
Is this a safe thing to do?
这是安全的做法吗？
Patrick Walters Jasper has done tons and tons of research.
帕特里克·沃尔特斯·贾斯珀做了大量的研究。
But he's not a doctor.
但他不是医生。
Right.
正确的。
Patrick Walters The treatment is not approved by the FDA.
帕特里克·沃尔特斯（Patrick Walters） 该疗法尚未获得 FDA 批准。
That's what I wonder.
这就是我想知道的。
Is there any serious sort of double-blind study trying to figure out whether some safe delivery of hookworm might make sense?
是否有任何认真的双盲研究试图弄清楚一些钩虫的安全传递是否有意义？
Yes.
是的。
So one of one of the guys who was sort of a pioneer in this hookworm research is David Pritchard.
大卫·普里查德（David Pritchard）是钩虫研究的先驱之一。
--at the University of Nottingham where I study parasites and the wound healing properties of maggots.
——在诺丁汉大学，我研究寄生虫和蛆虫的伤口愈合特性。
So we've now got two safety trials under our belts.
所以我们现在已经进行了两次安全试验。
But we've yet to conduct the trials to show that therapeutic benefit results from infection with worms.
但我们尚未进行试验来证明蠕虫感染具有治疗效果。
So Pritchard infected himself pretty much just to make sure that it was safe.
所以普理查德感染了自己，只是为了确保安全。
What we did was, 10 of us in the lab took worms at different doses.
我们所做的是，实验室里的 10 个人服用了不同剂量的蠕虫。
We were either given 10, 25, 50, or 100 worms.
我们要么得到 10 条、25 条、50 条，要么 100 条蠕虫。
And then we had to report on the symptoms.
然后我们必须报告症状。
And on the back of that study, we determined that 10 worms were tolerated.
根据这项研究，我们确定 10 种蠕虫是可以耐受的。
But Pritchard, when he did this proof of safety study, he actually give himself 50 hookworms.
但普里查德在进行这项安全性研究证明时，实际上给自己注射了 50 条钩虫。
Oh.
哦。
Patrick Walters Which put him out of commission for awhile.
帕特里克·沃尔特斯（Patrick Walters）这让他暂时无法工作。
Well, I felt pretty bad.
嗯，我感觉很糟糕。
I mean pain in the gut really.
我的意思是肠子真的很痛。
You could feel them.
你可以感觉到它们。
Because they are biting on your tissues.
因为它们会咬你的组织。
I mean if you have too many hookworms, they can cause things like diarrhea.
我的意思是，如果你有太多钩虫，它们会导致腹泻等疾病。
And the most serious side effect and the side effect that makes them sort of a public health enemy is that they can give you anemia.
最严重的副作用以及使它们成为公共卫生敌人的副作用是它们会导致贫血。
So if you have too many, you lose quite a bit of blood to these parasites.
因此，如果你的寄生虫太多，你就会因这些寄生虫而流失大量血液。
Well, if you take too many hookworm, which you're not going to, if you come to us, the worse thing you're going to get is anemia.
好吧，如果你感染了太多的钩虫，而你不会这么做，如果你来找我们，你会得到的最糟糕的事情就是贫血。
But it's not like you wake up one morning in your drained of blood.
但这并不像你有一天早上醒来时浑身是血。
It's very slow to develop.
发展速度非常慢。
And it's very easy to deal with.
而且很容易对付。
Jasper's kind of just gone for it.
贾斯珀有点不甘心了。
You know, it's a very sort of like cowboy move.
你知道，这有点像牛仔的动作。
So the scientific community, I think they believe that I'm premature--
所以科学界，我认为他们认为我还为时过早——
It's not FDA approved.
它未经 FDA 批准。
Jasper Lawrence --in offering this to the public.
贾斯珀·劳伦斯——向公众提供这个。
You don't know what it is.
你不知道那是什么。
You don't know it's purity.
你不知道那是纯洁。
It's not safe.
这不安全。
But I've talked to several clients who have really severe allergies and asthma.
但我和几位患有严重过敏和哮喘的客户交谈过。
They say they're just achieved these great results.
他们说他们刚刚取得了这些伟大的成果。
And Jasper also says he's seen success with a few multiple sclerosis patients and several Crohn's disease patients too.
贾斯珀还表示，他在一些多发性硬化症患者和一些克罗恩病患者身上也取得了成功。
Like how many people do you think that you have infected?
比如你认为你感染了多少人？
It's about 85 right now.
现在85左右了。
Patrick Walters How is business?
帕特里克·沃尔特斯 生意怎么样？
Is it everything that--
难道这一切都是——
Business is adequate.
生意还算充足。
But I honestly don't know why I don't wake up in the morning with my front garden 20 deep with people with ulcerative collitis, Crohn's disease, allergies.
但说实话，我不知道为什么我早上醒来时，我的前花园里有 20 层深，里面都是患有溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病、过敏的人。
I just don't know why I'm not completely buried.
我只是不知道为什么我没有完全被埋葬。
Well, they're the people who are coming from the point of view of what they learned in kindergarten about clean drinking water and sewers.
嗯，他们是从幼儿园学到的有关清洁饮用水和下水道的知识的角度出发的。
To them, worms and parasites are so repulsive that there is nothing good to be said about them.
对他们来说，蠕虫和寄生虫是如此令人厌恶，以至于没有什么好说的。
But I can make you better.
但我可以让你变得更好。
It's simple.
这很简单。
It's cheap.
它很便宜。
I mean for god's sakes, these organisms fall out my rear end every day, a half a million at a time.
我的意思是，看在上帝的份上，这些生物每天都会从我的屁股里掉出来，一次有五十万个。
The raw material is human excrement for god's sake.
看在上帝的份上，原材料是人类排泄物。
All people have to do is open their minds.
人们所要做的就是敞开心扉。
Are you really that scared of a little worm?
你真的那么害怕一只小虫子吗？
Thanks to Patrick Walters and the hosts of Radiolab , Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich for that story.
感谢 Patrick Walters 以及 Radiolab 的主持人 Jad Abumrad 和 Robert Krulwich 的故事。
After that story was first broadcast, the Food and Drug Administration decided to pay a visit to Jasper Lawrence's house in Santa Cruz.
该故事首次播出后，美国食品和药物管理局决定拜访贾斯珀·劳伦斯位于圣克鲁斯的家。
Officials inspected the lab where he harvests his hookworms, told him he had to shut down his operation.
官员们检查了他收获钩虫的实验室，并告诉他必须关闭他的操作。
That night, Jasper and his wife packed up their belongings and fled the country, so he could keep harvesting and selling hookworms.
那天晚上，贾斯珀和他的妻子收拾好行李逃离了这个国家，这样他就可以继续收获和销售钩虫。
Jasper's website is autoimmunetherapies.com.
Jasper 的网站是 autoimmunetherapies.com。
And before you get any big ideas about ordering some hookworms, he is not shipping worms right now to the United States of America.
在你对订购一些钩虫有任何大想法之前，他现在不会将蠕虫运送到美利坚合众国。
Act Four.
第四幕。
Sleeping With Your Enemy.
与你的敌人同眠。
We have this story about what is hidden inside of us-- the secret agents within.
我们有一个关于隐藏在我们内心的东西——内心的秘密特工的故事。
From writer Etgar Keret.
来自作家埃特加·凯雷特。
Among other things, he says that this is a story of his real-life wife.
除其他外，他说这是他现实生活中妻子的故事。
Actor Matt Malloy reads it for it.
演员马特·马洛伊为它朗读。
A quick warning for listeners before we begin.
在我们开始之前向听众发出一个快速警告。
This story acknowledges the existence of sex.
这个故事承认性的存在。
Surprised: Of course I was surprised.
惊讶：我当然感到惊讶。
You go out with a girl, first date, second date, a restaurant here, a movie there.
你和一个女孩出去，第一次约会，第二次约会，这里去餐馆，那里看电影。
Always just matinees.
永远只是日场。
You start sleeping together.
你们开始一起睡觉。
The sex is dynamite.
性是炸药。
And pretty soon there's feeling too.
很快就有了感觉。
And then one day, she arrives all weepy.
然后有一天，她哭着回来了。
And you hug her.
然后你拥抱她。
And tell her to take it easy.
并告诉她放轻松。
That everything's OK.
一切都好。
She says she can't stand it anymore.
她说她再也受不了了。
She has this secret.
她有这个秘密。
Not just a secret.
不仅仅是一个秘密。
Something really awful.
真的很糟糕。
A curse.
一个诅咒。
Something she's been wanting to tell you the whole time, but she didn't have the guts.
有些话，她一直想告诉你，但她没有勇气。
This thing, it's been weighing down on her like a ton of bricks.
这件事，就像千斤重的砖头一样压在她的身上。
And now she's gotta tell you.
现在她必须告诉你。
She's simply got to.
她必须这样做。
But she knows that as soon as she does, you'll leave her.
但她知道，一旦她这样做，你就会离开她。
And you'd be absolutely right, too.
你也是绝对正确的。
And right after that, she starts crying all over again.
就在那之后，她又开始哭泣。
"I won't leave you," you tell her.
“我不会离开你，”你告诉她。
"I won't.
“我不会。
I love you." You may look a little upset, but you're not.
我爱你。”你可能看起来有点沮丧，但事实并非如此。
And even if you are, it's about her crying, not about her secret.
即使你是，这也是关于她的哭泣，而不是关于她的秘密。
You know by now that these secrets that always make a woman fall to pieces are usually nothing.
你现在知道了，这些总是让女人崩溃的秘密通常都不算什么。
And you hug them and say, "It's all right.
然后你拥抱他们并说：“没关系。
It's OK." Or shh, if they don't stop.
没关系。”或者嘘，如果他们不停止的话。
"It's something really terrible," she insists, as if she's picked up on how nonchalant you are about it, even though you tried to hide it.
“这真的很可怕，”她坚持说，仿佛她发现了你对此的漠不关心，尽管你试图隐藏它。
"In the pit of your stomach it may sound terrible," you tell her.
“在你的内心深处，这听起来可能很糟糕，”你告诉她。
"But that's mostly because of the acoustics.
“但这主要是因为声学效果。
Soon as you let it out, it won't seem nearly as bad," you'll see.
一旦你把它释放出来，它看起来就不会那么糟糕了，”你会看到的。
And she almost believes it.
她几乎相信了。
She hesitates a minute and then asks, "What if I told you that at night I turn into a heavy, hairy man with no neck, with a gold ring on his pinky?
她犹豫了一会儿，然后问道：“如果我告诉你，到了晚上我会变成一个厚重的、毛茸茸的、没有脖子、小指上戴着金戒指的男人呢？
Would you still love me?"
你还会爱我吗？”
And you tell her, "Of course, you would." What else can you say, that you wouldn't?
你告诉她：“当然，你会的。”你还能说什么呢？
She's simply trying to test you to see whether you love her unconditionally.
她只是想考验你，看看你是否无条件地爱她。
And you've always been a winner at tests.
而且你总是在测试中获胜。
The truth is, as soon as you say it, she melts.
事实是，只要你说出来，她就会融化。
And you screw, right there in the living room.
你就在客厅里搞砸了。
And afterwards, you lie there holding other tight.
然后，你躺在那里，紧紧地抱住对方。
And she cries because she's so relieved.
她哭了，因为她松了一口气。
And you cry too.
而你也哭了。
Go figure.
去算算吧。
And unlike all the other times, she doesn't get up and leave.
与其他时候不同的是，她没有起身离开。
She stays there and falls asleep.
她呆在那里睡着了。
You lie awake, looking at her beautiful body, at the sunset outside, at moon appearing as if out of nowhere, at the silvery light flickering over her body, stroking the hair on her back.
你醒着躺在床上，看着她美丽的身体，看着外面的夕阳，看着不知从哪里出现的月亮，看着她身上闪烁的银光，抚摸着她背上的头发。
And within less than five minutes, you find yourself lying next to this guy.
不到五分钟，你就发现自己躺在这个家伙旁边。
This short, fat guy.
这个又矮又胖的家伙。
And the guy gets up and smiles at you and gets dressed awkwardly.
那家伙站起来对你微笑，然后穿得很尴尬。
He leaves the room and you follow him, spellbound.
他离开了房间，你跟着他，着了迷。
He's in the den now.
他现在在书房里。
His thick fingers fiddling with the remote, zapping to the sports channels-- championship football.
他粗大的手指摆弄着遥控器，调到体育频道——锦标赛足球。
When they miss a pass, he curses the TV.
当他们传球失败时，他就会咒骂电视。
When they score, he gets up and does this little victory dance.
当他们得分时，他站起来跳起这小小的胜利之舞。
After the game, he tells you his throat is dry and his stomach is growling.
比赛结束后，他告诉你他的喉咙很干，肚子咕咕叫。
He could really use a beer and a nice hunk of meat, well done if possible, with lots of onion rings.
他确实需要一杯啤酒和一大块肉，如果可能的话，做得最好，还有很多洋葱圈。
But he'd settle for some pork chops too.
但他也愿意吃一些猪排。
So you get into the car and take him to this restaurant that he knows about and you don't.
所以你上了车，带他去这家他知道而你不知道的餐厅。
This new twist has you worried.
这个新的转折让你担心。
It really does.
确实如此。
But you have no idea what to do about it.
但你不知道该怎么办。
Your command and control centers are down.
你的指挥和控制中心瘫痪了。
You shift gears at the exit, in a daze.
你在出口处换档，神情恍惚。
And he's right there beside you in the passenger seat, tapping that gold-ringed pinky of his.
他就在你旁边的乘客座位上，轻拍着他的金环小指。
At the next intersection, he rolls down his window, winks at you, and yells at this chick who's thumbing a ride.
在下一个十字路口，他摇下车窗，向你眨眼，并对这个搭便车的小妞大喊大叫。
"Hey, baby.
“嘿，宝贝。
Wanna play nanny goat and ride in the back?
想扮演山羊保姆并骑在后面吗？
Later, the two of you pack in the steak and the chops and the onion rings, until you're about to explode.
然后，你们两个把牛排、排骨和洋葱圈放进去，直到你们快要爆炸了。
And he enjoys every bite.
他喜欢每一口。
And laughs like a baby.
并且笑得像个婴儿。
And all that time you keep telling yourself, it's gotta be a dream.
一直以来，你都不断地告诉自己，这一定是一个梦。
A bizarre dream, yes.
一个奇怪的梦，是的。
But definitely one that you'll snap out of any minute.
但绝对是你随时都会抓狂的。
On the way back, you ask him where to let him off?
回来的路上，你问他在哪里让他下车？
And he pretends not to hear you.
然后他假装没听见你说话。
But he looks despondent.
但他看起来很沮丧。
So you wind up taking him back home with you.
所以你最终还是把他带回家了。
It's almost 3:00 a.m.
现在已经快凌晨 3:00 了。
"I'm going to hit the sack," you tell him.
“我要辞职了，”你告诉他。
And he waves to you.
他向你挥手。
And stays in the bean bag chair, staring at the Fashion channel.
坐在豆袋椅上，盯着时尚频道。
You wake up the next morning exhausted, with a slight stomach ache.
第二天早上你醒来时感到精疲力尽，还有轻微的胃痛。
And there she is, in the living room still dozing.
她就在那里，在客厅里还在打瞌睡。
By the time you've had your shower, she's up.
等你洗完澡，她就起来了。
She hugs you guiltily.
她愧疚地拥抱你。
And you're too embarrassed to say anything.
而你又不好意思说什么。
Time goes by and you're still together.
时间流逝，你们还在一起。
The sex just gets better and better.
性爱变得越来越好。
And she's not so young anymore.
而且她也不再那么年轻了。
And neither are you.
你也不是。
And suddenly you find yourselves talking about a baby.
突然间，你们发现自己在谈论一个婴儿。
And at night, you and the fatsoguy hit the town like you've never done in your life.
晚上，你和胖子以你一生中从未做过的方式进城。
He takes you to restaurants and bars you didn't even know existed.
他带你去你甚至不知道存在的餐馆和酒吧。
And you dance on tables together, beak plates likes there's no tomorrow.
你们一起在桌子上跳舞，喙盘就像没有明天一样。
He's really nice, the fatso guy.
他真的很不错，是个胖子。
A little crass, especially with women.
有点粗鲁，尤其是对女人。
Sometimes coming out with things that make you just want to die.
有时会说出一些让你只想死的事情。
But other than that, he's great fun to be with.
但除此之外，和他在一起很有趣。
When you first met him, you didn't give a damn about football.
当你第一次见到他时，你根本不关心足球。
But now, you know every team.
但现在，你了解每支球队。
And whenever one of your favorites wins, you feel like you've made a wish and its come true, which is a pretty exceptional feeling for someone like you, who hardly knows what he wants most of the time.
每当你最喜欢的人获胜时，你都会感觉自己已经许下了一个愿望，而且它实现了，这对于像你这样大多数时候几乎不知道自己想要什么的人来说是一种非常特殊的感觉。
And so it goes.
事情就是这样。
Every night you fall asleep, with him struggling to stay awake for the early scores on ESPN.
每天晚上你都睡着了，而他则努力保持清醒，观看 ESPN 的早期比分。
And in the morning, there she is, the beautiful, forgiving woman that you love too, until it hurts.
早上，她就在那里，那个你也爱的美丽、宽容的女人，直到受伤为止。
Matt Malloy.
马特·马洛伊。
Reading Etgar Keret's story, "Fatso", which appears in his book, The Nimrod Flipout.
阅读 Etgar Keret 的故事“Fatso”，该故事出现在他的书《The Nimrod Flipout》中。
Kaaret's most recent collection is The Girl on the Fridge.
Kaaret 的最新作品集是《冰箱上的女孩》。
This story was translated into English by Miriam Shlesinger.
这个故事被米里亚姆·施莱辛格翻译成英文。
[MUSIC - "SHE'S GOT EVERYTHING" BY THE KINKS]
[音乐 - KINKS 的“她拥有一切”]
Radiolab is produced by WNYC and distributed by NPR.
Radiolab 由 WNYC 制作并由 NPR 发行。
Thanks to them.
感谢他们。
If you're not listening to Radiolab , you should be.
如果您没有听 Radiolab ，那么您应该听。
The new season starts this week-- radiolab.org.
新一季将于本周开始——radiolab.org。
Our website, thisamericanlife.org.
我们的网站 thisamericanlife.org。
The store at our website is back up in operation.
我们网站上的商店已恢复运营。
And there's an update to our iPhone app.
我们的 iPhone 应用程序也有更新。
This American Life is distributed by Public Radio International, WBEZ.
《美国生活》由国际公共广播电台 WBEZ 发行。
Management oversight for our program by our boss Mr. Torey Malatia, who has just one question for you: Hey, baby.
我们的老板 Torey Malatia 先生对我们的项目进行管理监督，他只有一个问题要问您：嘿，宝贝。
Want to play nanny goat and ride in the back?
想扮演山羊保姆并骑在后面吗？
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Back next week, with more stories of This American Life.
下周将带来更多《美国生活》的故事。
[MUSIC - "SHE'S GOT EVERYTHING" BY THE KINKS]
[音乐 - KINKS 的“她拥有一切”]
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。