370: Ruining It for the Rest of Us - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #370 | December 19, 2008 370: Ruining It for the Rest of Us Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 370 集 | 2008 年 12 月 19 日 370：为我们其他人毁掉它 注：《美国生活》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.
如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue Ira Glass There are people who drive us crazy at our jobs, but science hasn't given that particular problem a lot of thought.
序言 Ira Glass 有些人在工作中让我们抓狂，但科学并没有对这个特定问题进行深入思考。
Recently, a guy named Will Felps may have made some small progress in this area.
最近，一个名叫威尔·费尔普斯（Will Felps）的人可能在这方面取得了一些小进展。
He wanted to figure out if one person in the workplace can ruin a workplace.
他想弄清楚工作场所中的一个人是否可以毁掉一个工作场所。
Not just disrupt the way that people get along and fill coworkers with weird feelings and uncomfortable moments that they think about for hours afterwards, but could one person actually lower productivity?
这不仅会扰乱人们的相处方式，让同事们在事后数小时内回想起奇怪的感觉和不舒服的时刻，而且一个人真的会降低生产力吗？
Does one bad apple spoil the whole bunch?
一个坏苹果会毁掉整个苹果吗？
First off can I maybe just describe a little bit what kind of behaviors count as bad apple behaviors?
首先，我可以简单描述一下什么样的行为算作坏苹果行为吗？
This is Will Felps.
这是威尔·菲尔普斯。
I reached him on the phone in the Netherlands, where these days he is an assistant professor of management at the Rotterdam School of Management.
我在荷兰通过电话联系到他，现在他是鹿特丹管理学院的管理学助理教授。
But back when he was in grad school doing this research, he read all the relevant studies on teamwork and group dynamics looking for clues about bad apple behavior.
但当他在研究生院进行这项研究时，他阅读了所有有关团队合作和群体动态的相关研究，寻找有关坏苹果行为的线索。
And he didn't find much.
而他并没有发现太多。
But he did find-- buried in correlation tables and footnotes-- three personality types, three kinds of behavior that seem to hurt group dynamics and group performance in a bad apple sort of way.
但他确实发现——埋藏在相关表和脚注中——三种人格类型、三种行为似乎以一种坏苹果的方式损害了群体动力和群体绩效。
And these three sets of behaviors are-- well in layman's terms, you say someone who is a real jerk, who attacks or insults others, someone who is a slacker, who does less than they can, and then finally someone who is a depressive pessimist.
这三组行为——用外行的话来说，你说一个人是一个真正的混蛋，他攻击或侮辱他人，一个人是一个懒鬼，一个做得比他们能做的少的人，最后一个人是一个抑郁的悲观主义者。
So if you have a team member or an office-mate who's a real jerk, slacker or depressive pessimist, there's a chance-- and actually maybe a fairly good chance-- that they might spoil the barrel.
因此，如果你的团队成员或同事是个真正的混蛋、懒鬼或抑郁悲观主义者，那么他们就有可能——而且实际上可能是相当好的机会——他们可能会搞砸。
And so what we do in the laboratory is that we create bad apples in the laboratory and see what effects they have.
因此，我们在实验室所做的就是在实验室中制造坏苹果，看看它们会产生什么影响。
We create these by hiring confederates.
我们通过雇佣同盟者来创造这些。
Now you're saying confederate.
现在你说的是同盟国。
You mean you hire an actor?
你是说你雇了一个演员？
Exactly.
确切地。
Yeah, so we hire an actor.
是的，所以我们聘请了一名演员。
And in particular, what I did is I just advertised for someone who was willing to participate in experiments and maybe display negative behavior.
特别是，我所做的只是为那些愿意参与实验并可能表现出负面行为的人做广告。
And I got a number of people who auditioned.
我有很多人参加过试镜。
There were maybe 12 people who showed up.
大约有 12 个人出现。
And there was one guy who was head and shoulders better than everybody else.
有一个人比其他人都出色。
The actor was a college student named Nick [?
男主角是一位名叫尼克的大学生[？
Fascitelli ?].
法斯泰利？]。
And once Will had him, he started his experiment.
一旦威尔拥有了他，他就开始了他的实验。
It went like this.
事情是这样的。
He got college students and put them into teams of four.
他召集了一些大学生，将他们分成四人一组。
That would be three undergraduates, plus the actor who was undercover.
那将是三名本科生，加上卧底演员。
The other undergrads didn't know that he was an actor in cahoots with the researchers.
其他本科生并不知道他是一名与研究人员勾结的演员。
Will gave all the groups the same task to do.
威尔给所有小组分配了相同的任务。
It was an exercise where they made some basic management decisions.
这是他们做出一些基本管理决策的练习。
And Will told them that they would be scored, and there would be a prize of $100 per person for the group that did the best.
威尔告诉他们，将对他们进行评分，表现最好的一组将获得每人 100 美元的奖励。
So they were motivated to do well.
因此，他们有动力做得更好。
They would work together for maybe about 45 minutes on this task.
他们会一起工作大约 45 分钟来完成这项任务。
We would videotape this.
我们会把这个录下来。
And this actor, Nick, he would display one of three types of bad apple behavior.
这位演员尼克，他会表现出三种坏苹果行为中的一种。
He'd either be a jerk, a slacker or a depressive pessimist.
他要么是个混蛋、懒鬼，要么是抑郁的悲观主义者。
And first the jerk behavior, right?
首先是混蛋行为，对吧？
What we did was someone would make a comment, and he would say, "Are you kidding me?" He would also make comments like, "Have you actually taken a business course before?" to embarrass them or insult them.
我们所做的就是有人发表评论，他会说：“你在开玩笑吗？”他还会发表这样的评论：“你以前真的上过商业课程吗？”使他们难堪或侮辱他们。
How would he do slacker?
他会怎么做懒人呢？
Will Felps Well one, he would lean back in his chair, maybe put his feet up on the desk, and then he would start text messaging a friend on his cellphone.
威尔·费尔普斯（Will Felps） 嗯，他会靠在椅子上，也许会把脚放在桌子上，然后他会开始用手机给朋友发短信。
And sometime during the experiment he would pull out a meal.
在实验过程中的某个时候，他会拿出一顿饭。
So he would pull out a sandwich and a Coke.
所以他会拿出一个三明治和一杯可乐。
Yeah, in that case, what he would is-- in some ways--
是的，在那种情况下，他会——在某些方面——
Because I have got to say, he has only got 45 minutes.
因为我必须说，他只有 45 分钟的时间。
You know what I mean?
你知道我的意思？
It's a small palette with which to communicate depressive.
这是一个用来传达抑郁情绪的小调色板。
It was challenging for him.
这对他来说很有挑战性。
And he would put his head down on the table, and just look like-- I don't know-- his cat had died.
他会把头放在桌子上，看起来就像——我不知道——他的猫死了。
That was what he said was his mental inspiration.
他说这就是他的精神灵感。
The scripts that the actor used are included in Appendix A of Will's study.
演员使用的剧本包含在威尔研究的附录 A 中。
And they specify that the depressive pessimist will complain that the task that they're doing is unenjoyable and make statements doubting the group's ability to succeed.
他们还指出，抑郁的悲观主义者会抱怨他们正在做的任务不愉快，并发表声明怀疑团队成功的能力。
That the jerk will state that other people's ideas are not adequate, but will offer no alternatives, himself.
这个混蛋会说其他人的想法不充分，但他自己却不会提供其他选择。
And he'll say, you guys need to listen to the expert, me.
他会说，你们需要听听专家的意见，我。
That the slacker character will say, whatever and I really don't care.
懒鬼角色会说，无论如何，我真的不在乎。
Now the conventional wisdom in the research on this kind of thing is that none of this should have had much effect on the group at all.
现在对这类事情的研究的传统观点是，这一切都不应该对群体产生太大影响。
Groups are powerful.
团体的力量是强大的。
Group dynamics are powerful.
团体动力是强大的。
And so groups dominate individuals, not the other way around.
因此，群体支配个人，而不是相反。
There is tons of research going back decades demonstrating that people conform to group values and norms.
几十年前的大量研究表明，人们遵守群体价值观和规范。
But Will found the opposite.
但威尔发现了相反的情况。
Invariably, the groups that had this actor Nick behaving in these ways would perform worse.
毫无疑问，让这位演员尼克有这些行为的团体表现会更差。
And this despite the fact that there were in some groups people who were very talented, very smart, very likable.
尽管事实上在某些群体中有些人非常有才华、非常聪明、非常讨人喜欢。
In fact, the actor's behavior had a profound effect.
事实上，演员的行为产生了深远的影响。
In dozens of trials, over and over, when he acted like a bad apple with a group, that group would perform 30% to 40% worse than groups without a bad apple.
在数十次试验中，当他在一群人中表现得像个坏苹果时，该小组的表现会比没有坏苹果的小组差 30% 到 40%。
And even more surprising to Will was how dramatic the effect was on the way people in the groups treated each other.
更让威尔惊讶的是，这对群体中人们对待彼此的方式产生了如此巨大的影响。
People would argue and fight.
人们会争论、打架。
And they would not share their relevant information.
他们也不会分享他们的相关信息。
They would communicate less when he was really any of these types of bad apples.
当他确实是这些类型的坏苹果中的任何一个时，他们的交流就会减少。
But what was eerily surprising was how these team members would start to take on his characteristics.
但令人惊奇的是这些团队成员如何开始呈现他的特征。
So for example, remember we videotaped all of these.
例如，请记住我们对所有这些进行了录像。
And you would see that people would start-- well, so when he was a jerk, they would be a jerk too.
你会看到人们会开始——好吧，所以当他是个混蛋时，他们也会是个混蛋。
So they would start being a little bit insulting, or abrasive, or obnoxious.
所以他们会开始变得有点侮辱性、粗鲁或令人讨厌。
And what was really interesting is they wouldn't just do it in response to him, but also to each other.
真正有趣的是，他们这样做不仅是为了回应他，也是为了彼此。
So there's a spillover effect.
所以存在溢出效应。
When Nick acted like a slacker, the spillover effect would kick in.
当尼克表现得像个懒鬼时，溢出效应就会发挥作用。
And eventually someone else in the group would declare that the task they'd been given just wasn't important.
最终，小组中的其他人会宣称他们所承担的任务并不重要。
Someone would eventually say, let's just get this over with.
最终有人会说，让我们结束这件事吧。
Let's just fill in some responses and get out of here.
让我们填写一些回复然后离开这里。
And they would just mark down anything and then give up.
他们只会记下任何东西，然后放弃。
What was maybe the most interesting and surprising was with the depressive pessimist.
也许最有趣和最令人惊讶的是抑郁的悲观主义者。
I remember watching this video where you start out, all the members are sitting up straight, energized, very excited to take on this potentially interesting and challenging task.
我记得刚开始看这段视频时，所有成员都坐直了，充满活力，非常兴奋地接受这项可能有趣且具有挑战性的任务。
And then by the end, they are, like him, all with their heads on the desk.
到最后，他们都像他一样，把头伏在桌子上。
So they have-- which is very strange.
所以他们有——这很奇怪。
You're not used to seeing a group of people who are sprawled out on the desk as they do any kind of a job or a task.
您不习惯看到一群人在做任何工作或任务时四肢摊开在桌子上。
Well it's This American Life from WBEZ Chicago, distributed by Public Radio International.
这是 WBEZ 芝加哥的《This American Life》，由国际公共广播电台发行。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Today on our show we have stories of bad apples and people who are accused of being bad apples.
今天在我们的节目中，我们有关于坏苹果和被指控为坏苹果的人的故事。
Like for example, one family who refused to vaccinate their kids from measles, and then that led to a measles outbreak with quarantines and lots of other kids getting sick.
例如，一个家庭拒绝给孩子接种麻疹疫苗，然后导致麻疹爆发并被隔离，许多其他孩子也生病了。
Comedian Mike Birbiglia explains in our show today how he personally, single-handedly ruined a charity fundraiser.
喜剧演员迈克·比尔比利亚在我们今天的节目中解释了他如何单枪匹马地毁掉了一场慈善筹款活动。
And Nancy Updike tells the story of a special place, a magical place, a place where no one is allowed to ruin things for anyone else.
南希·厄普代克讲述了一个特殊地方的故事，一个神奇的地方，一个不允许任何人为他人毁掉东西的地方。
Because in this last week as we've been putting together this show, I've really been struck at how common bad apples are.
因为在上周我们整理这个节目时，我真的对坏苹果的普遍性感到震惊。
Truthfully, I've been haunted by my conversation with Will Felps.
说实话，我和威尔·费尔普斯的谈话一直困扰着我。
Hearing about his research, you realize just how easy it is to poison any group.
听到他的研究，你就会意识到毒害任何群体是多么容易。
Will Felps told me about this study that somebody did looking at all kinds of industries and businesses.
威尔·费尔普斯（Will Felps）告诉我这项研究，有人确实研究了各种行业和企业。
And what they found is that the best predictor of how any team performs is not how great the best member is or what the average member of the group is like.
他们发现，预测任何团队表现的最佳指标并不是最好的成员有多优秀或团队的平均成员是什么样的。
It all comes down to what your worst team member is like.
这一切都取决于你最差的团队成员是什么样的。
The teams with the worst person at the bottom, those teams perform the poorest.
人员最差的团队处于垫底，这些团队的表现也最差。
That's harsh.
太严酷了。
And I, and I have got to say everybody in our office who's heard Will's interview-- we were talking about this earlier today.
我，我必须对我们办公室里所有听过威尔采访的人说——我们今天早些时候讨论过这个问题。
Each of us has had moments this past week where we, individually, by ourselves have wondered, am I doing bad apple stuff?
在过去的一周里，我们每个人都曾有过这样的时刻，我们单独地、独自地想知道，我是不是在做坏苹果的事情？
Am I the bad apple unwittingly?
我不知不觉中成了坏苹果吗？
And when I talked to Will about this, I asked him if he found himself doing this as well in his own workplace.
当我与威尔谈论此事时，我问他是否发现自己在自己的工作场所也这样做。
Here's his response.
这是他的回应。
Yes.
是的。
Yes, I have become very sensitive to this type of behavior.
是的，我对这种行为变得非常敏感。
I catch myself sometimes.
有时我会抓到自己。
I'm just very worried now about my effect on other people.
我现在非常担心我对其他人的影响。
I have to say I used to tease a lot more.
我不得不说我以前经常开玩笑。
I used to poke fun at people and their tendencies a lot more than I do now.
我过去比现在更多地取笑人们和他们的倾向。
I thought this was fun, this was building camaraderie, that this was something that they appreciated.
我认为这很有趣，这是建立友情的过程，这是他们欣赏的事情。
But what was interesting is, for example, watching these experiments with this actor, people would, for example, even laugh at his jokes when he was making fun of someone else.
但有趣的是，例如，观看这个演员的这些实验，例如，当他取笑别人时，人们甚至会嘲笑他的笑话。
They would all laugh.
他们都会笑。
But then afterwards, for example, when they would rate whether or not they would be willing to work on his team again, they would say, definitely not, I hated this.
但后来，比如说，当他们评估是否愿意再次在他的团队工作时，他们会说，绝对不会，我讨厌这个。
It was having a really negative impact.
这确实产生了负面影响。
And I guess that rubbed off on me.
我想这也影响了我。
So I just stopped being, I don't know, I stopped teasing so much.
所以我停止了，我不知道，我停止了那么多的戏弄。
Now of course this is just one study in the laboratory.
当然，这只是实验室中的一项研究。
As Will points out, group dynamics in the real world-- where people work together for more than 45 minutes-- may be different in some ways yet to be studied.
正如威尔指出的那样，现实世界中的团队动态（人们在一起工作超过 45 分钟）可能在某些方面有所不同，有待研究。
Though Will did see one glimmer of hope in his research.
不过威尔确实在他的研究中看到了一线希望。
It was in one group in the study.
它属于研究中的一组。
It was the most surprising thing that happened during this research, something that completely caught Will off guard.
这是这次研究中发生的最令人惊讶的事情，完全让威尔措手不及。
There was one group where the bad apple didn't spoil the barrel.
有一组坏苹果并没有破坏桶。
There was one group that performed really well.
有一组表现非常好。
There was just one guy who was a particularly good leader.
只有一个人是一位特别优秀的领导者。
And what he would do is he would ask questions.
他要做的就是提出问题。
And he would engage all the team members and defuse conflicts.
他会让所有团队成员参与并化解冲突。
And I found out later that he is actually the son of a diplomat.
后来我才知道，他其实是一位外交官的儿子。
So his father, I guess, is a diplomat from some South American country.
所以我猜他的父亲是来自南美国家的外交官。
And he had this amazing diplomatic ability to defuse the conflict that normally would emerge when this actor, Nick, would display all this real jerk behavior.
他拥有惊人的外交能力，可以化解当演员尼克表现出所有这些真正的混蛋行为时通常会出现的冲突。
Seeing this diplomat's son do his thing has led Will to his next research project, which is about whether a group leader can change the dynamics and performance of a group simply by going around and asking questions, soliciting everyone's opinions, making sure everybody is heard.
看到这位外交官的儿子做他的事情，威尔开始了他的下一个研究项目，该项目是关于团队领导是否可以通过四处走动并提出问题、征求每个人的意见、确保每个人都被听到来改变团队的动态和表现。
If that is true, if listening is all that it takes to overcome bad behavior, if listening is more powerful than meanness, sloth, or depression, it's like a trick from a children's story, a golden rule lesson that seems way too after-school special to possibly be true.
如果这是真的，如果倾听是克服不良行为所需要的一切，如果倾听比卑鄙、懒惰或抑郁更有效，那么这就像一个儿童故事中的一个把戏，一个金科玉律的课程，似乎在放学后太过特殊，不可能是真的。
That by listening to each other, trying to understand each other, we can get to the point where nobody can ruin things for everyone else.
通过互相倾听，尝试互相理解，我们可以达到没有人可以毁掉别人的事情的地步。
[MUSIC - "ONE BAD APPLE" BY THE JACKSON 5]
[音乐 - 杰克逊 5 的“一个坏苹果”]
Act One, Shots in the Dark.
第一幕，黑暗中的射击。
OK, here's a situation where one family has the chance to ruin things for a lot of people.
好吧，在这种情况下，一个家庭有机会毁掉很多人的事情。
It's when they decide whether or not to vaccinate their kids.
这是他们决定是否给孩子接种疫苗的时候。
As you've probably heard, there's a whole movement of parents who do not vaccinate because they're scared of the vaccines.
正如您可能听说过的那样，由于害怕疫苗，家长们不接种疫苗。
This is not just in the United States but all over the world.
这不仅在美国，而且在全世界都是如此。
There are books.
有书。
People tell their stories on daytime TV.
人们在白天的电视上讲述他们的故事。
The issue from people who believe in vaccines is that unvaccinated kids put everybody in danger.
相信疫苗的人的问题是，未接种疫苗的孩子会让每个人都处于危险之中。
Diseases like measles-- which for all practical purposes were eradicated in the United States-- now can get a foothold because so many children in some communities are unvaccinated.
像麻疹这样的疾病——出于所有实际目的在美国已经被根除——现在可以立足，因为一些社区的许多儿童没有接种疫苗。
This is a touchy, divisive and bitter debate.
这是一场敏感、分裂和激烈的辩论。
But at least it's usually pretty abstract.
但至少它通常是相当抽象的。
It's people arguing over what might happen some day, because outbreaks of these diseases are so rare.
人们争论有一天会发生什么，因为这些疾病的爆发非常罕见。
But last winter, 12 kids came down with measles in San Diego.
但去年冬天，圣地亚哥有 12 名儿童感染了麻疹。
And it all started with a child whose parents had decided not to vaccinate him.
这一切都始于一个孩子，他的父母决定不给他接种疫苗。
Susan Burton tell what happened.
苏珊·伯顿讲述了发生的事情。
The measles came from Switzerland.
麻疹来自瑞士。
A seven year old San Diego boy caught the measles there during a family trip.
一名七岁的圣地亚哥男孩在一次家庭旅行中在那里感染了麻疹。
He flew home to the States without any symptoms.
他飞回美国的家中，没有任何症状。
And by the time he got sick, and doctors figured out what it was, the boy had already exposed other children.
当他生病时，医生查明原因时，男孩已经接触过其他孩子。
And the outbreak had begun.
疫情已经开始爆发。
A health warning for parents.
给家长的健康警告。
A new cluster of measles cases at a San Diego school.
圣地亚哥一所学校出现新的麻疹病例群。
Already the potentially deadly disease has spread to 11 unimmunized children.
这种可能致命的疾病已经蔓延到 11 名未接种疫苗的儿童身上。
Three cases are still pending.
三起案件仍在审理中。
And another 60 people are in quarantine.
另有60人正在隔离中。
Health officials also caution anyone who was at this Trader Joe's in Hillcrest on February 3 or at Whole Foods Market in Hillcrest on January 29 during the two hour window that the disease was in the air.
卫生官员还警告任何2月3日在Hillcrest的Trader Joe's超市或1月29日在Hillcrest的Whole Foods Market的两小时时间内去过Hillcrest的Trader Joe’s的人，空气中存在这种疾病。
Every day there were new locations-- Chuck E.
每天都有新的地点——Chuck E.
Cheese's, a pediatrician's office, a swim school for babies.
奶酪诊所、儿科医生办公室、婴儿游泳学校。
One child exposed a plane-load of football fans on their way to the NFL Pro Bowl in Hawaii.
一名儿童在前往夏威夷参加 NFL 职业碗比赛的途中暴露了满载球迷的飞机。
Meanwhile, the local news was giving everyone a panicky crash course in the disease.
与此同时，当地的新闻让每个人都对这种疾病有了恐慌的速成课程。
If you are not immunized, and you're this close to an infected child, there's a good chance you can catch the measles.
如果您没有接种疫苗，并且距离受感染的儿童如此之近，那么您很有可能感染麻疹。
But even 50 feet away, you can still contract the disease.
但即使在 50 英尺之外，您仍然可能感染这种疾病。
In fact, up to 100 feet away and you're still at risk of catching the measles.
事实上，即使在 100 英尺之外，您仍然有感染麻疹的风险。
Measles is like a disease in a horror movie.
麻疹就像恐怖电影中的一种疾病。
It's one of the most contagious diseases known to mankind.
它是人类已知的传染性最强的疾病之一。
It lingers in the air for two hours after a person with it has left the room.
当携带病毒的人离开房间后，它会在空气中停留两个小时。
The rash makes a person look like they've grown a whole new red skin.
皮疹使人看起来像是长出了全新的红色皮肤。
Measles can be fatal.
麻疹可能致命。
And so the San Diego County Health Department immediately launched into detective work on a massive scale.
于是圣地亚哥县卫生部门立即开展了大规模的侦查工作。
They had to reconstruct the tiniest details of toddlers' lives.
他们必须重建幼儿生活中最微小的细节。
Who had been at what birthday party or at whose house for a play date.
谁参加过什么生日聚会或在谁家里玩耍。
There were 980 exposures they had to investigate, including 160 from the plane to Hawaii, where the infected child from the flight was now being kept in isolation on a military base.
他们必须调查 980 起暴露事件，其中 160 起来自飞往夏威夷的飞机，该航班上受感染的儿童目前被隔离在夏威夷的一个军事基地。
The people at risk were mainly unvaccinated children, either those whose parents had opted out of the shot or babies who were too young to get the shot.
面临风险的人主要是未接种疫苗的儿童，要么是父母选择不接种疫苗的儿童，要么是年龄太小而无法接种疫苗的婴儿。
It's usually given when kids turn one.
通常是在孩子一岁的时候给予。
To stop the measles from spreading, the health officials decided to do something old fashioned, something that's rarely used anymore in this country.
为了阻止麻疹传播，卫生官员决定采取一些老式的做法，这种做法在这个国家已经很少使用了。
They instituted a quarantine.
他们实行了隔离。
And this is the story of what that meant for that community of parents, about what happened when the actions of one family suddenly had a huge effect on dozens of other families and children.
这个故事讲述了这对父母群体意味着什么，讲述了当一个家庭的行为突然对数十个其他家庭和儿童产生巨大影响时所发生的事情。
Hilary Chambers' daughter, Finlee, had just turned one when she was quarantined.
希拉里·钱伯斯的女儿芬利在被隔离时刚刚满一岁。
I was really angry.
我真的很生气。
And I felt like it impacted families financially, emotionally, on so many different levels.
我觉得它在经济上、情感上、在很多不同层面上都对家庭产生了影响。
So I was mad, and wanted to know how did this happen.
所以我很生气，想知道这是怎么发生的。
And so I did talk to friends.
所以我确实和朋友谈过。
And I have a friend named Paige, who's one of those people that's just totally connected and knows everyone.
我有一个朋友叫佩奇，她是那种人脉广泛、认识每个人的人之一。
And so she would-- and her kids weren't even involved in the quarantine.
所以她会的——而她的孩子们甚至没有参与隔离。
But she would call me and say, OK, so this is what I heard.
但她会给我打电话说，好吧，这就是我听到的。
It was this family was at this place, and then--
正是这一家人在这个地方，然后——
Here's how one year old Finlee ended up in the quarantine.
以下是一岁的芬利最终被隔离的情况。
Hilary took her to daycare on a Monday morning.
周一早上希拉里带她去日托所。
And one of the teachers asked, very sweetly, if Finlee had been vaccinated for measles yet.
一位老师非常亲切地问芬利是否接种了麻疹疫苗。
When Hilary said no, she was sent to the daycare office with Finlee in her arms.
当希拉里拒绝后，她被芬利抱到了日托办公室。
The room was packed with people.
房间里挤满了人。
There was all kinds of commotion.
各种骚动不断。
And a woman from the Health Department standing there with a clipboard.
卫生部门的一名女士拿着写字板站在那里。
I walked up to her and was like, what's going on?
我走到她面前，问她发生了什么事？
And she said, you guys can't be here right now.
她说，你们现在不能在这里。
And I said, OK, if I take her to the doctor and get her shot today, can I bring her back tomorrow?
我说，好吧，如果我今天带她去看医生并给她注射疫苗，明天我可以带她回来吗？
And she said, "She is not to leave your property for the next three weeks." And my first reaction-- I laughed out loud.
她说：“在接下来的三周内，她不能离开你的房子。”我的第一反应是——我笑出了声。
And I asked her if she could babysit, because it was either that or freak out, which is what I did next.
我问她是否可以照顾孩子，因为要么是这样，要么是吓坏了，这就是我接下来要做的。
I mean it was so sudden.
我的意思是这件事太突然了。
And I was scared.
我很害怕。
And also, what was I going to do for the next three weeks?
另外，接下来的三周我要做什么？
My husband and I both work.
我和我丈夫都工作。
And there were people everywhere, and my daughter, and I have to be at work in an hour.
到处都是人，我和我的女儿一个小时后就必须去上班。
At first Hilary was scared Finlee was going to come down with measles.
起初希拉里担心芬利会感染麻疹。
But she didn't.
但她没有。
And after a few days, quarantine wasn't frightening, just tedious.
几天后，隔离并不可怕，只是乏味。
Hilary and Finlee would play downstairs, and then to shake things up they would go upstairs.
希拉里和芬利会在楼下玩耍，然后上楼来改变现状。
She got regular calls from the Health Department.
她经常接到卫生部门打来的电话。
Someone checked every other day to make sure Hilary was keeping Finlee quarantined.
每隔一天就会有人检查，以确保希拉里对芬利进行了隔离。
It was like being under surveillance.
就像受到监视一样。
She even felt weird taking Finlee outside to blow bubbles in the driveway, like someone would know.
她甚至觉得带芬利出去在车道上吹泡泡很奇怪，就像有人知道的那样。
Being cooped up during an epidemic used to be a typical part of motherhood.
在流行病期间被关起来曾经是母亲的典型部分。
There's an argument that vaccines have actually made it possible for women to work.
有一种观点认为，疫苗实际上使女性能够工作。
Hilary is a radio DJ.
希拉里是一名电台 DJ。
And during the outbreak she and her husband tag-teamed.
在疫情爆发期间，她和丈夫联手。
My husband would wake up and go to work at 6:00 AM, and just see all his customers early.
我的丈夫会在早上 6:00 起床去上班，然后早点见到所有的顾客。
He would try and be home by noon.
他会尽量在中午之前回家。
And we would literally high five.
我们真的会高五。
I would hand him Finlee.
我会把芬利交给他。
And I would take off running, be live 1:00 to 3:00, pre-tape the following morning, and on and on.
我会开始跑步，在 1:00 到 3:00 进行直播，第二天早上进行预录，如此往复。
It was crazy.
太疯狂了。
So when you're pre-recording the following morning, you're saying, it's Tuesday morning, it's sunny and 80 degrees outside in San Diego today.
因此，当您在第二天早上进行预录制时，您会说，今天是星期二早上，今天圣地亚哥阳光明媚，室外气温为 80 度。
Yeah, and this song is for so and so who just called from Rancho Bernardo.
是的，这首歌是献给刚刚从贝尔纳多牧场打来电话的某某人的。
I mean you have to make it sound like it's real.
我的意思是你必须让它听起来像真的。
There's The Cardigans on San Diego Star 94.1.
圣地亚哥之星 94.1 上有 The Cardigans。
It's Hilary.
这是希拉里。
I've been getting so many calls about Jeff and Jared's thank you party.
我接到很多关于杰夫和贾里德感谢派对的电话。
If you need the info, it's on--
如果你需要这些信息，就在——
Even though Hilary was planning on getting Finlee vaccinated for measles, she was hesitant about it.
尽管希拉里计划让芬利接种麻疹疫苗，但她对此犹豫不决。
Vaccine anxiety is pretty standard for a certain kind of over-protective mother-- and I count myself among them-- one who shops at Whole Foods and worries about chemicals in plastic and toys made in China.
对于某种过度保护的母亲来说，疫苗焦虑是很常见的——我也把自己算作其中之一——她们在全食超市购物，担心中国制造的塑料和玩具中的化学物质。
The shots are scary, because first of all, they're not all natural.
这些镜头很可怕，因为首先它们并不都是自然的。
There's no organic version of the diphtheria shot.
目前还没有有机版本的白喉疫苗。
And second of all, you have no control over them, unlike you do over the rest of what goes into your child's body.
其次，您无法控制它们，这与您控制孩子体内的其他物质不同。
Free range, non-hormone meat, organic milk and yogurt, I mean we're pretty careful.
自由放养、无激素肉类、有机牛奶和酸奶，我的意思是我们非常小心。
Organic fruits and vegetables, the lotion that I put on her, the toys, all of that.
有机水果和蔬菜，我给她涂的乳液，玩具，所有这些。
And I can regulate that.
我可以调节这一点。
And I have control over that.
我可以控制这一点。
But a vaccine, it's like you're handing your child over to the doctor and saying, OK, now inject her with something that I have no idea what it is.
但是疫苗，就像你把你的孩子交给医生并说，好吧，现在给她注射一些我不知道是什么的东西。
And it's supposed to be good for them eventually and protect them.
这最终应该对他们有好处并保护他们。
And I hope it does.
我希望如此。
But--
但是——
So is there a way in which you feel like you understand the Switzerland family?
那么有没有一种方式让您觉得自己了解瑞士家庭呢？
You understand their mindset about the vaccines?
你了解他们对疫苗的看法吗？
Well, I'm sorry.
嗯，对不起。
I take that back.
我收回这句话。
I do.
我愿意。
As far as choosing not to vaccinate, yes.
至于选择不接种疫苗，是的。
I definitely get that.
我绝对明白。
I definitely understand that it's scary.
我绝对明白这很可怕。
And getting vaccinated, I feel like, is a leap of faith.
我觉得接种疫苗是一种信念的飞跃。
I think the battle starts when one person's choices affect other people.
我认为当一个人的选择影响其他人时，战斗就开始了。
So one person's-- how their child exposed all these other kids, I mean that's a really big deal.
所以一个人的——他们的孩子如何暴露所有其他孩子，我的意思是这真的是一件大事。
And that's just really not being a responsible member of this community, I feel like.
我觉得这真的不是这个社区的负责任的成员。
If you've heard anything about vaccines at all, it's probably this.
如果您听说过有关疫苗的任何事情，可能就是这个。
That there's a controversy about whether the shots lead to autism.
关于注射疫苗是否会导致自闭症存在争议。
This idea goes back about 10 years to a paper about the MMR vaccine-- that's measles, mumps and rubella-- that was published in the British medical journal, The Lancet .
这个想法可以追溯到大约 10 年前英国医学杂志《柳叶刀》上发表的一篇关于 MMR 疫苗（即麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹）的论文。
That paper has since been discredited.
那篇论文后来已经失去信誉。
The journal actually retracted it.
该杂志实际上撤回了它。
Study after study confirms that the shot does not cause autism.
一项又一项的研究证实，注射疫苗不会导致自闭症。
But it's hard to shake the fear that it might be true, partly because every mom has heard stories of kids who became autistic after getting the MMR shot.
但很难摆脱人们对这可能是真的的恐惧，部分原因是每个妈妈都听说过孩子们在注射 MMR 疫苗后变得自闭症的故事。
There are YouTube videos.
有 YouTube 视频。
Hi Eric.
嗨埃里克。
[BABY LAUGHING] Susan Burton The stories usually go like this.
[婴儿笑]苏珊·伯顿 故事通常是这样的。
A mom takes her totally normal baby to the doctor.
一位妈妈带她完全正常的宝宝去看医生。
That baby gets the MMR shot.
那个婴儿接种了 MMR 疫苗。
In the days that follow, he stops babbling, stops making eye contact, just slips inside himself and is never the same again.
在接下来的日子里，他不再胡言乱语，不再目光接触，只是陷入了自己的内心，再也不像以前了。
Eric, hey.
埃里克，嘿。
Susan Burton But saying it plainly-- there is no causal relationship between the vaccine and autism-- is asking for a fight.
苏珊·伯顿：但是说白了——疫苗和自闭症之间没有因果关系——是在自讨苦吃。
One of the autism researchers I interviewed was reluctant to speak on the radio.
我采访的一位自闭症研究人员不愿意在广播中发言。
He sent me an email about a colleague who has received death threats for saying there's no connection between autism and the MMR.
他给我发了一封电子邮件，内容是关于一位同事收到死亡威胁，因为他说自闭症和 MMR 之间没有联系。
Real death threats, as in when the guy goes to lunch at the CDC in Atlanta he has bodyguards.
真正的死亡威胁，比如当那个人去亚特兰大疾病预防控制中心吃午餐时，他有保镖。
All the articles I looked at online for this story are the kind that have 1,000 vitriolic comments underneath.
我在网上看到的所有关于这个故事的文章都是下面有 1,000 条尖酸刻薄的评论的那种。
And it's not just anti-vaccinators who are saying crazy, mean stuff.
不只是反疫苗接种者在说疯狂、刻薄的话。
There are haters on both sides.
双方都有仇恨者。
I've been called a murderer, potential murder, more than once.
我不止一次被称为杀人犯、潜在谋杀犯。
This is Sybil Carlson.
这是西比尔·卡尔森。
During the outbreak, she talked to a lot of reporters about how she doesn't vaccinate her children.
疫情期间，她向很多记者讲述了自己不给孩子接种疫苗的情况。
Ugh, it's just over and over.
呃，这只是一遍又一遍。
I don't know how many blogs I was on where, don't I care about anybody else's children?
我不知道我在哪里写了多少博客，我难道不关心别人的孩子吗？
And don't I know that the FDA and the CDC say this is all perfectly safe?
难道我不知道 FDA 和 CDC 说这一切都是完全安全的吗？
And I shouldn't question them.
我不应该质疑他们。
And what am I talking about?
我在说什么？
I'm just a mom, I don't have any medical degrees.
我只是一个妈妈，我没有任何医学学位。
Sybil is friends with the mom who went to Switzerland.
西比尔是去瑞士的妈妈的朋友。
When the outbreak happened, the Switzerland mom didn't want to talk to the media.
疫情发生时，这位瑞士妈妈不愿接受媒体采访。
In fact, almost none of the non-vaccinators would except Sybil, who became the Switzerland mom's de facto stand in.
事实上，除了西比尔之外，几乎没有一个不接种疫苗的人愿意接种疫苗，她成为了这位瑞士妈妈事实上的替身。
She and her friends all got together one day.
有一天，她和她的朋友们聚在一起。
The kids played on the back deck while the mothers hammered out Sybil's talking points.
孩子们在后甲板上玩耍，母亲们则敲定西比尔的谈话要点。
And then Sybil went home and started taking calls from reporters.
然后西比尔回家并开始接听记者的电话。
Our phone was just ringing off the hook.
我们的电话刚刚响个不停。
And my husband would be like, it's Time Magazine, it's The Today Show, it's Nightline.
我丈夫会说，这是《时代》杂志，这是《今日秀》，这是《夜线》。
I mean, it was just every single day.
我的意思是，这只是每一天。
He started laughing because these people were just calling from left and right, because, OK, she'll talk.
他开始大笑，因为这些人只是从左到右打电话，因为，好吧，她会说话。
And in the beginning, I would.
一开始，我会的。
I'm like, yeah yeah, I'm going to get this information out there.
我想，是的，是的，我要把这些信息发布出去。
And I'm going to really tell them about this.
我真的要告诉他们这件事。
And I'm just going to change people's thinking.
我只是要改变人们的想法。
No. The media has an agenda.
不。媒体有自己的议程。
And the agenda is to take someone like me, and nitpick apart, and edit to the point where basically, you were scared.
议程是把像我这样的人挑剔起来，然后编辑到基本上让你感到害怕的程度。
You read some bad things.
你读了一些不好的东西。
So you didn't vaccinate because you didn't want your children to be autistic.
所以你没有接种疫苗，因为你不想让你的孩子患上自闭症。
But it's so much more than that.
但它的意义远不止于此。
For parents like Sybil who don't vaccinate, autism is just one concern.
对于像西比尔这样不接种疫苗的父母来说，自闭症只是一个问题。
They're also worried about autoimmune diseases and unknown long term health effects that they believe are caused by lots of different vaccines.
他们还担心自身免疫性疾病和未知的长期健康影响，他们认为这些影响是由许多不同的疫苗引起的。
They cite medical studies and data they suspect aren't telling us the whole truth about vaccine safety.
他们引用了医学研究和数据，他们怀疑这些研究和数据并没有告诉我们有关疫苗安全性的全部真相。
I'm pretty sympathetic to this stuff.
我对这个东西很有同情心。
When Sybil says that aluminum, a vaccine additive, is a known neurotoxin, I'm right there with her.
当西比尔说铝（一种疫苗添加剂）是一种已知的神经毒素时，我就站在她一边。
But other things sound shakier.
但其他事情听起来更不稳定。
Still, what anyone can understand is the essence of Sybil's position, which is this.
尽管如此，任何人都能理解的是西比尔立场的本质，就是这样。
She doesn't trust the system.
她不信任这个系统。
And you're not going to vaccinate if you don't have that faith.
如果你没有这种信念，你就不会接种疫苗。
That's the difference between Sybil and parents who do vaccinate.
这就是西比尔和接种疫苗的父母之间的区别。
It's not that they're more altruistic.
这并不是说他们更加无私。
It's just that they trust the system and she doesn't.
只是他们信任这个系统，而她不信任。
Sybil deeply believes that getting a shot could permanently harm her child.
西比尔坚信，注射疫苗可能会永久伤害她的孩子。
And that's scary, especially when a doctor is trying to bully you into vaccinating.
这很可怕，尤其是当医生试图强迫你接种疫苗时。
She tells the story of a time she took her son to the emergency room for a dog bite, and she got into an argument with the doctor about whether her son needed a tetanus shot.
她讲述了有一次，她的儿子被狗咬伤，她带去急诊室，她与医生就儿子是否需要注射破伤风疫苗发生了争执。
We went back and forth.
我们来来回回。
And he became very angry at me, and started chastising me for not giving my children-- "I can't believe he didn't have a pertussis vaccination.
他对我非常生气，并开始责备我不给我的孩子接种疫苗——“我不敢相信他没有接种百日咳疫苗。
Why wouldn't you give him the whole DTaP series?" And he said, "What's your problem with the vaccinations?" I think it's probably 1 o'clock in the morning at this point.
你为什么不给他整个 DTaP 系列呢？”他说：“你的疫苗接种有什么问题吗？”我想此时大概是凌晨1点了。
I've been up half the night.
我已经半夜没睡了
My child has been fussy and crying.
我的孩子一直很烦躁、爱哭。
And I'm sort of at this point really having a hard time defending myself.
现在我真的很难为自己辩护。
And he really, really pushed and harped on me.
他真的非常非常地催促我，对我喋喋不休。
And he scared me.
他吓到了我。
He started using scare tactics.
他开始使用恐吓策略。
He's going to get sepsis.
他会得败血症。
He's going to die.
他快要死了。
And they're not related to tetanus.
而且它们与破伤风无关。
And his agenda-- really, I could tell that point-- was he was going to get a DTaP tap into my child, because he felt like he could force me to.
他的议程——实际上，我可以看出这一点——是他要对我的孩子进行 DTaP 窃听，因为他觉得他可以强迫我这样做。
I did give in, which during further research I realized later even talking to my doctor, was just completely unnecessary.
我确实屈服了，在进一步的研究中，我后来意识到，甚至与我的医生交谈，也是完全没有必要的。
So that just ruined my faith even more.
所以这更加摧毁了我的信仰。
It sort of hit me.
这有点打击了我。
Wow, is it really this bad?
哇，真的有这么糟糕吗？
So that was a big moment for me.
所以那对我来说是一个重要的时刻。
Sybil gets that by not vaccinating her children, she's putting other children at risk.
西比尔认识到，如果不给她的孩子接种疫苗，她就会让其他孩子面临风险。
She doesn't dispute that.
她对此并不否认。
But she thinks it's unacceptable that her kids, or anyone's kids, should have to risk serious side effects from a vaccine.
但她认为她的孩子或任何人的孩子必须冒着疫苗产生严重副作用的风险，这是不可接受的。
So until she's satisfied that the vaccine system is safer, she's willing to risk her kids getting the measles.
因此，在她确信疫苗系统更安全之前，她愿意冒着孩子感染麻疹的风险。
But I spoke to another mother in San Diego who thought that choice seemed absurd.
但我和圣地亚哥的另一位母亲交谈过，她认为这个选择似乎很荒谬。
And then the rash started getting worse.
然后皮疹开始变得更严重。
It just started spreading further down into his body.
它刚刚开始进一步向下扩散到他的体内。
This is Megan Campbell.
这是梅根·坎贝尔。
Her son was 10 months old when he was exposed to measles in the pediatrician's office, which he visited on the same day as the Switzerland family.
她的儿子10个月大时，在儿科医生办公室感染了麻疹，他与瑞士一家人同一天到了儿科医生办公室。
Megan's baby was one of the first kids affected in the outbreak, before everyone put together what was going on.
在每个人都整理出发生的事情之前，梅根的孩子是第一批受到疫情影响的孩子之一。
The doctor kept telling her it was just a run of the mill virus.
医生一直告诉她这只是普通病毒。
But as the days went by, Megan's son kept getting sicker.
但随着时间一天天过去，梅根的儿子病情不断加重。
Come Saturday, my parents came down from Los Angeles, and took one look at him and said, your kid has the measles.
周六，我的父母从洛杉矶下来，看了他一眼，说，你的孩子得了麻疹。
Because they come from a generation that knows what it looks like.
因为他们来自知道它是什么样子的一代人。
Well at that point, my son had the full rash all the way to his toes.
那时，我儿子的皮疹一直到脚趾。
And we would never put him down even for a nap.
即使是小睡，我们也不会把他放下来。
So like I said, my parents were down to help so that someone was always holding him, because I was honestly very afraid to put him down and lose him.
所以就像我说的，我的父母很愿意帮忙，所以总是有人抱着他，因为说实话，我非常害怕放下他并失去他。
I thought as long as we were holding him, then we knew his heart was beating.
我想只要我们抱着他，我们就知道他的心脏在跳动。
Megan took her son to the emergency room.
梅根带着儿子去了急诊室。
When she told them he might have measles, it took two hours for them to figure out how to get him inside the hospital without exposing everyone else.
当她告诉他们他可能患有麻疹时，他们花了两个小时才想出如何在不让其他人暴露的情况下把他送进医院。
Finally, they came out with a blanket, wrapped him up, and rushed him into a secure room.
最后，他们拿了一条毯子出来，把他包裹起来，把他推进一个安全的房间。
He dropped from 18 pounds to 12 pounds in five days.
五天内他的体重从 18 磅减至 12 磅。
The first thing they had to do was put in an IV.
他们要做的第一件事就是进行静脉注射。
He was so dehydrated that his veins had collapsed.
他脱水严重，血管已经塌陷。
It took an hour and four nurses to get a needle into his wrist.
四名护士花了一个小时才将一根针插入他的手腕。
Her son was screaming.
她的儿子在尖叫。
Megan couldn't take it.
梅根无法接受。
She had to leave the room.
她不得不离开房间。
There were moments when I was worried that he wouldn't make it because this fever just wasn't letting up.
有时我担心他撑不下去，因为他的发烧一直没有消退。
This 106 fever and this rash that made my son look like an alien almost.
106度的高烧和皮疹让我儿子看起来几乎像个外星人。
And I almost wondered if he was going to look-- if he was going to be the same boy that he was a week before.
我几乎想知道他是否会看起来——是否还是一周前的那个男孩。
And I was a mom who has taken probably 50 pictures of my son every day since he was born.
我是一位母亲，自从我儿子出生以来，我每天都会为他拍大约 50 张照片。
And there are no pictures of him from the moment that he got this until he was finally better, because it wasn't my son.
从他得到这个的那一刻起直到他最终好起来，没有他的照片，因为那不是我的儿子。
And I never want to remember him looking that way.
我永远不想记住他那个样子。
While Megan's son was in the hospital, news of the outbreak hit.
当梅根的儿子住院时，疫情爆发的消息传来。
And I just wondered how this family who had brought this into San Diego, were they watching this television and what were they thinking?
我只是想知道这个把这个带到圣地亚哥的家庭是如何看这个电视的，他们在想什么？
Were they thinking that they were part of something that put that child there?
他们是否认为他们是把那个孩子放在那里的某些事情的一部分？
Or did they feel for us at all?
或者他们对我们有感觉吗？
Did they feel bad about it?
他们对此感到难过吗？
Megan's son was sick for weeks.
梅根的儿子病了几个星期。
Megan and her husband both had to take a month off work.
梅根和她的丈夫都不得不请一个月的假。
They were dumping him into ice baths when his fever spiked, constantly watching for side effects of the measles, blindness, brain swelling.
当他发烧时，他们把他扔进冰浴中，并不断观察麻疹、失明和脑肿胀的副作用。
When it was all over, Megan and her husband found they couldn't engage in the vaccine debate.
当一切结束后，梅根和她的丈夫发现他们无法参与疫苗辩论。
And I have very close friends who don't vaccinate their children.
我有一些非常亲密的朋友，他们不给孩子接种疫苗。
And it's just something that we can't talk about.
这只是我们不能谈论的事情。
We get too angry.
我们太生气了。
We can barely speak.
我们几乎不能说话。
I feel like if I were to engage in the conversation, we might not be friends anymore.
我觉得如果我参与谈话，我们可能就不再是朋友了。
Do you think it should be a choice?
你认为这应该是一个选择吗？
Do you think people should be able to opt out of the measles vaccine?
您认为人们应该能够选择不接种麻疹疫苗吗？
Yes, but they have to live on an island.
是的，但他们必须住在一个岛上。
Their own little, infectious disease island.
他们自己的传染病小岛。
Don't go to the same doctors as the rest of us.
不要和我们其他人去看同样的医生。
Don't go to the same schools.
不要去同一所学校。
Don't go to the same stores.
不要去同一家商店。
Live on an island somewhere if that's the choice you want to make.
如果您愿意的话，住在某个岛上的某个地方。
But families that opt out of vaccines don't live on an island.
但选择不接种疫苗的家庭并不生活在岛上。
They live all over the country, and there are more of them all the time, which is why they are of such concern to the CDC.
他们遍布全国各地，而且人数一直在增加，这就是为什么他们如此受到疾病预防控制中心的关注。
They threaten the herd.
他们威胁牛群。
There's this vaccine concept called herd immunity, which means that if a certain percentage of the population is immunized, it's really hard for diseases to spread.
有一种疫苗概念叫群体免疫，意思是如果一定比例的人口得到了免疫，疾病就很难传播。
And so the most vulnerable people-- babies, people with weak immune systems, old people-- are protected.
因此，最脆弱的人群——婴儿、免疫系统较弱的人、老年人——都受到了保护。
But when you fall below that percentage, suddenly infections jump exponentially.
但当低于这个百分比时，感染率会突然呈指数级增长。
And that's what happened here during the last measles epidemic almost 20 years ago, when 123 people died.
这就是大约 20 年前上一次麻疹流行期间发生的情况，当时有 123 人死亡。
Back then it was poor kids who weren't getting immunized, kids who didn't have access to the shots.
那时，没有接种疫苗的是贫穷的孩子，没有机会接种疫苗的孩子。
Now it's the well-off kids of highly educated parents.
现在是受过高等教育的父母的富裕孩子。
So the CDC is spending a lot of time right now trying to figure out why these parents aren't vaccinating, just trying to understand their concerns.
因此，疾病预防控制中心现在花费了大量时间试图找出这些父母不接种疫苗的原因，只是想了解他们的担忧。
And they're working on a booklet to help doctors deliver the message better, how to reassure nervous parents.
他们正在制作一本小册子，以帮助医生更好地传达信息，如何安抚紧张的父母。
And parents nervous about vaccines are legion.
不少家长对疫苗感到紧张。
A lot of them go to this guy.
很多人都去找这个人了。
My experience, though, with parents, when they're making vaccine decisions, they're not thinking public health policy or public health safety.
不过，根据我的经验，父母在做出疫苗决定时，并没有考虑公共卫生政策或公共卫生安全。
They're thinking about just their own child's health.
他们只考虑自己孩子的健康。
But what can I say?
但我能说什么？
I say, I understand.
我说，我明白了。
You have the right to make that choice.
您有权做出这样的选择。
That's Dr. Bob Sears.
那是鲍勃·西尔斯博士。
He's one of the sons of the famous Dr. Sears, William Sears, and author of a big parenting manual, kind of a bible for crunchy moms.
他是著名的西尔斯博士威廉·西尔斯的儿子之一，也是一本大型育儿手册的作者，可以说是一本脆脆的妈妈们的圣经。
Dr. Bob, as people call him, is also the doctor for the non-vaccinating family that went to Switzerland.
人们称呼他为鲍勃医生，他也是前往瑞士的未接种疫苗家庭的医生。
He's had thousands of conversations with parents about whether they should vaccinate.
他已经与家长就是否应该接种疫苗进行了数千次对话。
He's written a book on the subject.
他写了一本关于这个主题的书。
In my book, I actually speak to this issue using an analogy from one of the all time greatest TV shows ever, Star Trek.
在我的书中，我实际上用有史以来最伟大的电视节目之一《星际迷航》的类比来讨论这个问题。
There's a great quote in Star Trek where Spock says, "The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few or the one." And there is no better way you can look at that than with vaccines.
《星际迷航》中有一句名言，斯波克说：“多数人的需求胜过少数人或一个人的需求。”没有比疫苗更好的方法来看待这个问题了。
And Spock was saying this in the movie while he was dying to save the Starship Enterprise.
斯波克在电影中说这句话时，他正在为拯救企业号星舰而垂死挣扎。
And would Spock's mom have said her son made a good decision, because she had to lose her son over it?
斯波克的妈妈会说她儿子做了一个正确的决定，因为她不得不因此失去儿子吗？
It's a big dilemma.
这是一个很大的困境。
And I honestly must say I think parents ultimately are going to choose what they view is best for the one instead of looking at what's best for the many.
老实说，我必须说，我认为父母最终会选择他们认为对一个人来说最好的东西，而不是考虑对许多人来说最好的东西。
Have you ever used that Star Trek line in your office with a sci-fi type dad who was won over?
你是否曾经在办公室里用过《星际迷航》里的那句台词，和一位被迷住的科幻类型的爸爸打交道？
Yeah, if there is a geeky dad.
是的，如果有一个极客爸爸就好了。
Oh yeah, of course, I like to pull that out.
哦，是的，当然，我喜欢把它拉出来。
And does that convert a hesitant vaccinator?
这会改变犹豫不决的疫苗接种者吗？
No. No, of course not.
不，不，当然不是。
No. The CDC has found the same thing as Dr. Bob, that this argument just doesn't work.
不。疾病预防控制中心和鲍勃博士发现了同样的事情，即这个论点根本行不通。
After the outbreak in San Diego, the CDC conducted focus groups with some of the parents involved.
圣地亚哥疫情爆发后，疾病预防控制中心与一些相关家长进行了焦点小组讨论。
And one of the things they discovered was that the outbreak didn't change anybody's mind.
他们发现的一件事是，疫情的爆发并没有改变任何人的想法。
The intentionally unvaccinated kids who got the measles came through it just fine, which proved to their parents that measles is kind of like chicken pox, not that big a deal.
那些故意未接种疫苗而感染麻疹的孩子却安然度过了难关，这向他们的父母证明，麻疹有点像水痘，没什么大不了的。
On the other side, the pro-vaccinators felt ratified, like, see, it's good to get the shot because these diseases do come around.
另一方面，支持疫苗接种的人感到得到了认可，就像，看，接种疫苗很好，因为这些疾病确实会出现。
Because even though the measles connected everyone in San Diego, everybody experienced the outbreak in their own little quarantine.
因为尽管麻疹将圣地亚哥的每个人联系在一起，但每个人都在自己的小隔离区中经历了疫情的爆发。
Susan Burton in New York.
苏珊·伯顿在纽约。
[MUSIC - "GIRL, YOU HAVE NO FAITH IN MEDICINE" BY THE WHITE STRIPES]
[音乐 - 白条乐队的“女孩，你对医学没有信心”]
Coming up, what it's like to be invited to a big charity event that you then ruin.
接下来，受邀参加一场大型慈善活动，然后被你毁掉是什么感觉？
That's in a minute from Chicago Public Radio and Public Radio International when our program continues.
一分钟后，芝加哥公共广播电台和国际公共广播电台将继续我们的节目。
It's This American Life .
这就是美国生活。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Each week on our program, of course, we choose a theme and bring you a variety of different kinds of stories on that theme.
当然，我们的节目每周都会选择一个主题，并为您带来有关该主题的各种不同类型的故事。
Today's show, Ruining It for the Rest of Us, stories of people who are accused of ruining everything for everybody else or who simply know that they are doing that.
今天的节目《为我们其他人毁掉一切》讲述了一些人的故事，这些人被指控为其他人毁掉了一切，或者只是知道自己正在这样做。
We've arrived at act two of our show.
我们已经到了演出的第二幕了。
Act Two, Tragedy Minus Comedy Equals Time, specifically a long, long time between laughs.
第二幕，悲剧减去喜剧等于时间，特别是笑声之间很长很长的时间。
Mike Birbiglia is the kind of working comedian who tours, and he does specials on Comedy Central , but he is not exactly a household name.
迈克·比尔比利亚（Mike Birbiglia）是那种经常巡回演出的职业喜剧演员，他还在喜剧中心制作特别节目，但他并不是一个家喻户晓的名字。
Recently, he told an audience about a bad experience he had as a performer, one where he personally did not rise to the occasion.
最近，他向观众讲述了他作为一名表演者的一次糟糕经历，他个人没有应付自如。
In fact, he says it was the worst show he's ever done in his life.
事实上，他说这是他一生中做过的最糟糕的演出。
It happened this year.
事情发生在今年。
I was asked to perform at a charity golf tournament in New Jersey.
我被邀请在新泽西州的一场慈善高尔夫锦标赛上表演。
So I woke up for this charity golf event, and I have a-- I realized recently that I'm not a good adult yet.
所以我醒来参加这个慈善高尔夫活动，我最近意识到我还不是一个好的成年人。
Like I think if you're if a good adult, you plan your outfit according to what will occur when you leave the house.
就像我认为如果你是一个好成年人，你会根据离开家时会发生的事情来计划你的服装。
But I don't have that part of my brain.
但我的大脑没有那部分。
I'm just like, one outfit forever.
我就像，永远一套衣服。
So I went and I played golf.
所以我就去打高尔夫球了。
And I brought my brother Joe.
我还带来了我的兄弟乔。
And Joe is kind of like a bad entourage member.
乔有点像一个坏随从。
He's never like, you the man, Mike.
他从来都不像，你这个人，迈克。
He 's always like, I don't know what dad would think about this.
他总是这样，我不知道爸爸会怎么想这件事。
And, do you think they have any more shrimp?
而且，你认为他们还有更多的虾吗？
That kind of thing.
那种事。
But we showed up to play golf and they paired us up with these two other people.
但我们去打高尔夫球，他们把我们和另外两个人配对。
It was a celebrity tournament.
这是一场名人锦标赛。
And the people were like, who do you think our celebrity is going to be?
人们问，你认为我们的名人会是谁？
[LAUGHTER]
[笑声]
And Joe and I were like, yeah, who do you think our celebrity is going to be?
乔和我说，是的，你认为我们的名人会是谁？
And then I'm like, oh no, I think it might be me.
然后我想，哦不，我想可能是我。
And then I'm apologizing to these people.
然后我向这些人道歉。
I'm like I'm really sorry I'm your celebrity.
我真的很抱歉我是你的名人。
If you think this is disappointing for you, you can't imagine how I feel.
如果你认为这让你感到失望，你就无法想象我的感受。
So I'm apologizing the whole day.
所以我一整天都在道歉。
And then at the end of the day, sure enough my pants are all wrinkled.
然后到了一天结束的时候，果然我的裤子都皱了。
And I have to be at this performance, this semi-formal banquet.
而我必须参加这个演出，这个半正式的宴会。
And I'm like, what about one outfit forever?
我想，如果永远穿一件衣服怎么样？
I thought that was a good plan.
我认为这是一个好计划。
And so here's what I do.
这就是我所做的。
As damage control, I go to the locker room to iron my own pants.
为了控制损失，我去更衣室熨烫自己的裤子。
And yeah, it's a pretty good plan.
是的，这是一个非常好的计划。
And I find an iron, but I couldn't find a board.
我找到了熨斗，但找不到熨斗。
So I take off my pants.
所以我脱掉裤子。
I'm just ironing them on a bench in the locker room in my underwear, which is a dead giveaway that these are my only pants.
我只是穿着内衣在更衣室的长凳上熨烫它们，这完全暴露了这是我唯一的裤子。
So I'm ironing my pants.
所以我正在熨裤子。
And I put them on, and I go up to the event.
我穿上它们，然后去参加活动。
And this is where the trouble really begins.
这才是麻烦真正开始的地方。
It's important for me, before I tell you this part of the story, to remind you that you're on my side.
在我告诉你这部分故事之前，提醒你你是站在我这边的，这对我来说很重要。
[LAUGHTER]
[笑声]
I say to the woman in charge, I go what's the format of the show?
我对负责人说，我去看看演出的形式是什么？
And she goes, well there are two speakers, and then you, and then a raffle.
她说，有两个发言者，然后是你，然后是抽奖。
And I was like, well that's exciting, because I've never opened for a raffle.
我当时想，这太令人兴奋了，因为我从来没有开过抽奖活动。
And I'm trying to stay optimistic.
我正在努力保持乐观。
And I'm sitting in the back of the room with my brother Joe, and the first speaker comes on the stage.
我和我的兄弟乔坐在房间的后面，第一个发言者登上了舞台。
And he's an 11 year old boy who survived leukemia.
他是一名 11 岁的白血病男孩。
I know.
我知道。
He's not funny at all.
他一点都不好笑。
[LAUGHTER] He focuses primarily on the leukemia, and everyone is crying, literally everyone is crying.
[笑声]他主要关注白血病，每个人都在哭，真的每个人都在哭。
I'm even crying in the back of the room for two reasons.
我什至在房间后面哭泣，原因有两个。
One, the kid, and two, for me, because I have to perform comedy.
一是孩子，二是我，因为我必须表演喜剧。
And it gets worse, because Joe leans over and he goes, this ain't looking so good Mike.
情况变得更糟，因为乔靠过来，他说，这看起来不太好，迈克。
[LAUGHTER] I said, I concur.
[笑声]我说，我同意。
The second speaker was Hall of Fame quarterback Phil Simms.
第二位发言者是名人堂四分卫菲尔·西姆斯。
And yeah, he's got one fan here.
是的，他在这里有一位粉丝。
But he's a broadcaster.
但他是一名主播。
And he gives an amazing, inspiring speech.
他发表了令人惊叹、鼓舞人心的演讲。
And he even sprinkles in a few jokes about golf that were similar to jokes I had thought of about golf that day.
他甚至还讲了一些关于高尔夫的笑话，这些笑话与我那天想到的关于高尔夫的笑话相似。
It was like watching the last drops of my joke canteen drip out onto a desert of cancer.
这就像看着我的笑话水壶里的最后一滴滴到癌症的沙漠上。
[LAUGHTER]
[笑声]
He gets a standing ovation, which he should have.
他得到了全场起立鼓掌，这是他应该得到的。
Clearly the show is over.
显然演出已经结束了。
Surely there can't be anyone more famous than Hall of Fame quarterback Phil Simms.
当然，没有人比名人堂四分卫菲尔·西姆斯更出名了。
But wait, there was.
但是等等，有。
It was Mike Birbiglia, who had no business being at this event.
是迈克·比尔比利亚（Mike Birbiglia），他无权参加这次活动。
I know there are some entertainers who might have risen to the challenge.
我知道有些艺人可能已经接受了挑战。
And I would love to be one of those entertainers, but I am not.
我很想成为这些艺人中的一员，但我不是。
As a matter of fact, I have a habit in my life of making awkward situations even more awkward.
事实上，我生活中有个习惯，就是让尴尬的局面变得更加尴尬。
I've said this before, but a few years ago I was moving a new bed into my apartment.
我以前说过，但几年前我把一张新床搬进我的公寓。
And this woman who lived in the building opened the front door for me with her key.
住在这栋楼里的这位女士用钥匙为我打开了前门。
And she goes, "I'm not worried, because a rapist wouldn't have a bed like that." That's how she started the conversation.
她说：“我不担心，因为强奸犯不会有这样的床。”她就是这样开始谈话的。
Now what I should have said was nothing.
现在我该说的话已经没什么了。
What I did say was, "You'd be surprised." [LAUGHTER] And there's nothing you can say after that.
我确实说过，“你会感到惊讶的。” [笑声] 之后你就没什么可说的了。
You're just like, see you around the building, that kind of thing.
你就像，在大楼周围见，之类的事情。
I've thought about this a lot.
我想了很多。
And I think there's something wrong with my brain where I don't have an on deck circle for ideas.
我认为我的大脑出了问题，我没有一个可以提供想法的圈子。
It's just, batter up.
只是，打起来。
And a lot of the ideas are bad.
而且很多想法都是不好的。
And they're at the plate going, I don't know about this one Mike.
他们正在忙着做事，我不知道这个，迈克。
And I just turn into this drunk little league dad.
我就变成了这个醉酒的小联盟爸爸。
I'm like, you gonna take some cuts, son.
我想，你要削减一些，儿子。
[LAUGHTER]
[笑声]
As a comedian, when people laugh it's very exciting.
作为一名喜剧演员，当人们笑起来时，这是非常令人兴奋的。
It's a very neat thing.
这是一件非常巧妙的事情。
And when they don't, it feels like you're performing jazz.
当他们不这样做时，感觉就像你在表演爵士乐。
Because they're kind of bobbing their head and looking to the side.
因为他们会摇头并看向一边。
And sometimes that's OK.
有时这没关系。
I'm like, I like jazz.
我想，我喜欢爵士乐。
But then I get worried, because I'm like sometimes jazz sucks.
但后来我开始担心，因为我觉得有时爵士乐很糟糕。
What if I'm the Kenny G of comedy?
如果我是喜剧界的肯尼·G（Kenny G）怎么办？
What if I think I sound like this, [MIMICS JAZZ] and in fact I sound like this, [MIMICS SMOOTH JAZZ].
如果我认为我听起来像这样，[MIMICS JAZZ]，而事实上我听起来像这样，[MIMICS SMOOTH JAZZ]，该怎么办？
So I'm on stage at the charity golf tournament.
所以我登上了慈善高尔夫锦标赛的舞台。
And I'm just Kenny G'ing it up.
我只是肯尼在搞事情。
I'm just-- for 10 minutes-- [MIMICS JAZZ] just blowing that horn.
我只是 - 10 分钟 - [MIMICS JAZZ] 只是吹喇叭。
And I don't want to fail.
我不想失败。
I mean that's a really important point in this story.
我的意思是，这是这个故事中非常重要的一点。
These are good people.
这些都是好人。
And I want to succeed for them, but I just can't.
我想为他们取得成功，但我就是做不到。
And so I think to myself, why don't I cater my material to this specific event?
所以我对自己说，为什么我不把我的材料迎合这个特定的事件呢？
And everyone has been talking about cancer.
每个人都在谈论癌症。
[LAUGHTER] I know.
[笑声]我知道。
I'm in the future also.
我也在未来。
[LAUGHTER] [APPLAUSE] I had that thought on stage for about one second, and then batter up.
[笑声] [掌声] 我在舞台上有这个想法大约一秒钟，然后就振作起来。
I said to the audience-- a true story-- I said I went to the doctor and they told me there was something in my bladder.
我对观众说——一个真实的故事——我说我去看了医生，他们告诉我膀胱里有东西。
And whenever they tell you that, it's never anything good, like we found something in your bladder and it's season tickets to the Yankees.
每当他们告诉你这些时，这绝对不是一件好事，就像我们在你的膀胱里发现了一些东西，它是洋基队的季票。
[LAUGHTER] That was the response I was hoping for.
[笑声] 这就是我所希望的回应。
At that point, I just threw in the towel.
那时我就认输了。
I mean I was just devastated.
我的意思是我简直崩溃了。
I thanked the audience and apologized simultaneously, which I've never done.
我一边感谢观众，一边道歉，这是我从来没有做过的。
I was like, thank you, sorry for ruining your event.
我当时想，谢谢你，抱歉毁了你的活动。
And I just walked off.
我就走开了。
And I was so upset.
我很沮丧。
And I walked over to Joe.
我走到乔身边。
And I go, Joe, we are leaving now.
我走了，乔，我们现在要走了。
And that's when Joe said, and I quote, "Mike, I can't.
就在那时，乔说道，我引用一下：“迈克，我不能。
They're just about to start the raffle." [LAUGHTER] "And because everybody left, my odds are amazing." And that is the worst show I have ever done in my entire life.
他们正要开始抽奖。”[笑声]“因为每个人都离开了，所以我的胜算非常惊人。”那是我一生中做过的最糟糕的表演。
Mike Birbiglia.
迈克·比尔比利亚。
That story's been recorded on one of his CDs, My Secret Public Journal , which was put out by Comedy Central and can be downloaded online at the iTunes store.
这个故事被录制在他的一张 CD《我的秘密公共日记》中，该 CD 由 Comedy Central 发行，可以在 iTunes 商店在线下载。
[MUSIC - "I STARTED A JOKE," THE BEE GEES]
[音乐 - “我开了个玩笑”，BEE GEES]
Act Three, Disturbing the Peace Train.
第三幕，扰乱和平列车。
Nothing is too big to be ruined.
没有什么是太大而不能被破坏的。
Entire civilizations have been ruined.
整个文明都被毁了。
Species have vanished from the earth.
物种已从地球上消失。
And yet, something as small, as mundane, as one person's day can also be ruined.
然而，像一个人的一天这样的小事、平凡的事也可能被毁掉。
Nancy Updike has the story about the lessons to be learned from small scale ruin, and how, by trying to eradicate a problem, one can become the problem.
南希·厄普代克（Nancy Updike）讲述了从小规模废墟中汲取的教训，以及如何通过试图消除问题而成为问题的故事。
This story is going to end up exactly where you'd expect it to, at the entrance to a giant, inflatable large intestine.
这个故事将在你所期望的地方结束，在一个巨大的、可充气的大肠的入口处。
But first, a few words about bad behavior.
但首先，我要谈谈不良行为。
[SOUND OF CLIPPING NAILS] This is the sound of a person clipping their nails.
[剪指甲的声音] 这是一个人剪指甲的声音。
And this sound in public, I find, is so unexpected and distinctive that it cuts through any other sound that might be going on, dinner being served, a person giving a speech, the hum of an airplane's cabin.
我发现，这种在公共场合发出的声音是如此出乎意料且独特，以至于它可以穿透任何其他可能发生的声音，例如晚餐的供应、演讲的人、飞机机舱的嗡嗡声。
It's possible you're having trouble following the words I'm saying right now because this sound is so disturbing.
您可能无法理解我现在所说的话，因为这种声音太令人不安了。
Public nail clipping, of course, is rare.
当然，公共场合剪指甲的情况很少见。
Maybe that's why it's so memorable when it does happen.
也许这就是为什么当它真正发生时如此令人难忘。
But it's part of a category of activities that isn't rare at all, that is in fact happening every day, cutting in line, parking in two spaces at once, kicking the back of someone's seat during a movie, driving on the shoulder in a traffic jam.
但这是一类活动的一部分，这种活动并不罕见，事实上每天都在发生，比如插队、同时停在两个车位上、看电影时踢某人的后座、在交通拥堵时靠路肩行驶。
When these things are not happening to you, it's easy to say, this is small potatoes.
当这些事情没有发生在你身上时，你很容易说，这只是小事。
Who cares?
谁在乎？
But we do care.
但我们确实关心。
These are the stories we tell our spouses and friends when they ask how our day was.
当我们的配偶和朋友问我们今天过得怎么样时，我们会告诉他们这些故事。
And the questions we have about these encounters are always the same, is it me?
而我们对这些遭遇的疑问总是相同的，是我吗？
Am I alone in finding this irritating?
只有我一个人觉得这很烦人吗？
This is bad public behavior, right?
这是不良的公共行为，对吗？
Or am I just a crank?
或者我只是个怪人？
The only way to know for sure is to find other people who feel the same way, which brings us to Amtrak.
唯一能确定的方法就是找到其他有同样感受的人，这让我们来到了Amtrak。
Good evening ladies and gentlemen.
女士们先生们晚上好。
As a reminder, if you hear this announcement, you are in the Quiet Car.
提醒一下，如果您听到此通知，则说明您正乘坐安静车厢。
There are no cell phones permitted to use.
不允许使用手机。
Your conversations must be maintained at a whisper level.
你们的谈话必须保持在低声交谈的水平。
And no electronic devices that emit noise are permitted while in the Quiet Car.
安静车厢内不允许使用任何发出噪音的电子设备。
Thank you very much for your cooperation.
非常感谢您的合作。
Have a pleasant trip.
祝您旅途愉快。
Now some of you may already have heard of the Quiet Car, but briefly what happened is this.
现在，你们中的一些人可能已经听说过安静汽车，但简单来说，发生的事情是这样的。
Amtrak's East Coast route from Washington to Boston that goes through Philadelphia and New York is Amtrak's most profitable and most heavily traveled route.
Amtrak从华盛顿到波士顿的东海岸航线，途经费城和纽约，是Amtrak最赚钱、客流量最大的航线。
And about 10 years ago, a bunch of frequent Philly to DC travelers started asking Amtrak if there could please be one car on the train, just one, in which people would shut up.
大约十年前，一群经常从费城到华盛顿特区的旅客开始询问美国铁路公司是否可以在火车上安排一节车厢，只要一节，人们就可以在里面闭嘴。
No cell phones, no beeping games, no yammering.
没有手机，没有嘟嘟的游戏，没有抱怨。
Silence.
沉默。
The Quiet Car was a huge hit.
安静的汽车大受欢迎。
Amtrak added Quiet Cars to more routes and more times of day.
Amtrak 在更多路线和一天中更多时段添加了安静车厢。
Commuter rail lines started calling about setting up their own Quiet Cars.
通勤铁路线开始呼吁建立自己的安静车厢。
Amtrak trademarked the name Quiet Car.
Amtrak 将 Quiet Car 这个名称注册为商标。
Now if the idea of the Quiet Car doesn't appeal to you, just imagine a place where the thing that annoys you most is forbidden, whatever it is.
现在，如果“安静汽车”的想法对您没有吸引力，请想象一个地方，禁止放置最让您烦恼的东西，无论它是什么。
A friend of mine hates it when people in the grocery store get bagels out of the bin with their hands instead of using the little pieces of wax paper.
我的一个朋友讨厌杂货店里的人用手而不是小蜡纸从垃圾箱里取出百吉饼。
It would be as though she went to the grocery store and they had a special room set aside where bare hands in the bins was not permitted.
就好像她去了杂货店，他们专门留出了一个特殊的房间，不允许赤手放入垃圾箱。
Utopia.
乌托邦。
I started traveling almost every week between Washington and New York, three and a half hours each way.
我开始几乎每周在华盛顿和纽约之间旅行，单程三个半小时。
And here's how it went for me in the Quiet Car.
这就是我在安静车厢里的经历。
Stage one, glee tinged with self-righteousness.
第一阶段，带着自以为是的喜悦。
See?
看到了吗？
I'm not an uptight crank.
我不是一个紧张的怪人。
This is an entire train car full of people who agree with me.
整个车厢里挤满了同意我观点的人。
I am not alone.
我并不孤单。
Stage two, I am an uptight crank.
第二阶段，我是一个紧张的怪人。
And here's the kind of uptight crank I am.
我就是那种紧张的怪人。
I started taking notes.
我开始记笔记。
August 12, when you walk into the Quiet Car, people look up at you to see whether you're a member of the club.
8月12日，当你走进安静车厢时，人们会抬头看着你，看看你是否是俱乐部的会员。
Are you someone who knows the rules and is here on purpose, or are you one of the others, some regular traveling schmo who stumbled into the car by accident, has no idea where you are, and is going to whip out your cell phone and ruin everything?
你是一个了解规则并且故意来到这里的人，还是你是其他人中的一员，一些经常旅行的笨蛋，意外地跌进车里，不知道自己在哪里，并且准备拿出你的手机毁掉一切？
October 18, a scene in the Quiet Car.
10月18日，安静车厢内的场景。
A man in a suit starts talking on his cell phone.
一个穿着西装的男人开始用手机说话。
The man sitting behind him asks him not to use his cell phone.
坐在他身后的男子要求他不要使用手机。
Man in suit, "Relax buddy." Man behind him, "You relax and follow the rules." Suddenly it's mayhem.
西装革履的男人，“放心吧伙计。”身后的男人道：“你放松点，遵守规则。”一下子就乱了。
An old man stands up and says, "Yes, follow the rules.
一位老人站起来说道：“是的，遵守规则。
I hope you respect the rules." The man behind the cell phone talker piles on, "Respect the rules.
我希望你遵守规则。”手机通话器后面的男人继续说道，“遵守规则。
Ignorant people don't respect rules." For a moment it seems like it could actually get violent.
无知的人不尊重规则。”有那么一刻，这似乎真的会变得暴力。
But it doesn't.
但事实并非如此。
The man on the cell phone keeps talking while he stands up and walks out.
拿着手机的男人一边说着，一边站起身来往外走。
There's triumphalism in the air as he leaves.
当他离开时，空气中弥漫着胜利的气息。
Everything I need to know about the appeal of fascism, I am learning from the Quiet Car.
我需要知道的关于法西斯主义吸引力的一切，我都是从《安静的汽车》中学到的。
January 24.
1 月 24 日。
I heard the loudest sound today.
我今天听到最响亮的声音。
It was a man behind me, sighing.
一个男人在我身后叹了口气。
I had to change seats.
我不得不换座位。
After I change seats, someone in the row in front of my new seat gets on his cell phone.
当我换座位后，我新座位前面一排的人拿起手机。
I exchange a glance with the man across the aisle, a glance that says, are you hearing what I'm hearing?
我和过道对面的那个人交换了一个眼神，这个眼神仿佛在说，你听到我在说什么吗？
We're trying to stay calm, no conductor in sight.
我们努力保持冷静，看不到售票员。
The man on the phone says, "Hey Mark, how are you?
电话里的那个人说：“嘿，马克，你好吗？
Hold on, let me get my calendar." I stand up and lean over the seat and whisper, politely I think, "This is the Quiet Car.
等一下，我去拿日历。”我站起来，靠在座位上，礼貌地低声说道，“这是安静的车厢。
No cell phones." The man makes an apologetic face, and very pleasantly gets up and leaves.
没有手机。”男人做出一脸歉意的表情，然后很愉快地起身离开。
Other people in the car thank me with their eyes.
车上的其他人都用眼神感谢我。
March 7.
3月7日。
The Quiet Car is not bad in and of itself, but it encourages me to see myself as a Quiet Car person.
安静的汽车本身并不坏，但它鼓励我将自己视为一个安静的汽车人。
It's tribal.
这是部落的。
I am quiet and good.
我很安静，也很好。
Other people are loud and rude.
其他人又吵又粗鲁。
I am the beleaguered hero of my own world.
我是我自己世界里陷入困境的英雄。
The woman sitting in the row ahead of me now, in her 50's wearing movie star shades and a cute hat, talking at a level I can hear, she's the other kind of person, self- loving, oblivious, spoiled.
现在坐在我前面一排的那个女人，50 多岁，戴着电影明星墨镜，戴着可爱的帽子，用我能听到的声音说话，她是另一种人，自爱、健忘、被宠坏了。
I'm better than that, as though my Quiet Car demeanor is a gift I give the world rather than a choice I make for my own reasons.
我比那更好，就好像我的安静汽车风范是我送给世界的礼物，而不是我出于自己的原因做出的选择。
After all, wasn't I the one laughing too loudly a couple of times at dinner last night?
毕竟，昨晚吃饭时有几次笑得太大声的不是我吗？
Do I only like to be quiet in the places I want to be quiet?
难道我只喜欢在自己想安静的地方安静吗？
April 10.
4 月 10 日。
I've started putting in ear plugs in the Quiet Car.
我已经开始在安静的车厢里戴上耳塞。
I know this is insane.
我知道这很疯狂。
June 3.
6 月 3 日。
The train lost power, and we're sitting on the tracks not moving.
火车停电了，我们坐在铁轨上一动不动。
Almost immediately, Quiet Car discipline broke down, as if the silence had been running on the same electrical system as the air conditioning.
几乎立刻，安静汽车的纪律就被打破了，仿佛寂静一直在与空调相同的电力系统上运行。
One woman got on speaker phone.
一名妇女接通了免提电话。
Another woman started talking loudly into her phone about wine making.
另一位女士开始对着手机大声谈论酿酒。
I heard someone clipping their nails, no joke.
我听到有人剪指甲，不是开玩笑。
Not just one stray nail, all 10, one after another.
不只是一颗零散的钉子，而是十颗，一个又一个。
A man start having a loud, boring conversation to escape his boredom.
一个男人开始大声、无聊地谈话来逃避无聊。
"Yeah, we're stuck.
“是的，我们被困住了。
Can you believe it?
你能相信吗？
I don't know.
我不知道。
I just called to let you guys know.
我只是打电话通知你们。
So what are you up to?"
那你在忙什么呢？”
I am sitting here shocked.
我坐在这里感到震惊。
I'm thinking loud thoughts at everyone around me.
我对周围的每个人大声思考。
Is this all it takes for you to turn into savages?
这就是让你变成野蛮人的全部吗？
Where is your pride?
你的骄傲在哪里？
Don't we stand for anything?
我们不代表什么吗？
We are Quiet Car people.
我们是安静的汽车人。
January 18.
1 月 18 日。
The Quiet Car felt like a revolution at first, an overthrowing of a bad order.
安静的汽车一开始感觉就像一场革命，推翻了不良秩序。
But then the revolution comes for you.
但革命就会为你而来。
I got off the train in Washington one night exhausted, seven hours in the Quiet Car up to New York and back in one day.
一天晚上，我在华盛顿下了火车，筋疲力尽，在安静的车厢里坐了七个小时，一天之内往返于纽约。
And when I walked into the atrium of Union Station, there it was, a massive, inflatable colon, a large intestine with people walking in one end and out the other, part of a colon cancer awareness campaign.
当我走进联合车站的中庭时，看到了一个巨大的充气结肠，一条大肠，人们在一端走来走去，这是结肠癌宣传活动的一部分。
I stood there staring at it.
我站在那里盯着它。
When you're tired, anything can seem symbolic, especially something that's in your way, requiring a decision.
当你疲倦时，任何事情都可能看起来具有象征意义，尤其是那些妨碍你、需要做出决定的事情。
Will you go around the giant colon and ignore what it has to say about the state of your health?
您会绕着巨大的结肠转而忽略它对您健康状况的影响吗？
Not how well you appear to the world, but the real truth of the matter.
不是你在世人面前表现得有多好，而是事情的真相。
Or, will you step inside, and take a good look at all the foulness you've accumulated in your gut?
或者，你愿意走进去，仔细看看你肠子里积累的所有污秽吗？
I decided to go around it.
我决定绕过它。
Nancy Updike is one of the producers of our show.
南希·厄普代克是我们节目的制片人之一。
Well our program was produced today by Lisa Pollak and myself, with Alex Blumberg, Jane Feltes, Sarah Koenig, Robyn Semien, Alissa Shipp, and Nancy Updike.
今天我们的节目是由 Lisa Pollak 和我本人以及 Alex Blumberg、Jane Feltes、Sarah Koenig、Robyn Semien、Alissa Shipp 和 Nancy Updike 制作的。
Our senior producer is Julie Snyder.
我们的高级制片人是朱莉·斯奈德。
Production help from Seth Lind and P.J.
Seth Lind 和 P.J. 的制作帮助
Vogt.
沃格特。
Music help from Jessica Hopper.
杰西卡·霍珀的音乐帮助。
[ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS] Our web site, www.thisamericanlife.org.
[致谢] 我们的网站 www.thisamericanlife.org。
This American Life is distributed by Public Radio International.
《美国生活》由国际公共广播电台发行。
[FUNDING CREDITS] WBEZ management oversight for our program by our boss, Mr. Torey Malatia.
[资金来源] 我们的老板 Torey Malatia 先生对 WBEZ 项目进行了管理监督。
You know I told him.
你知道我告诉他的。
I told him just the other day, why did you buy all of that Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac, and Lehman Brothers?
前几天我告诉他，你为什么买下所有房利美、房地美和雷曼兄弟？
That was just a bad idea.
那只是一个坏主意。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Back next week with more stories of This American life.
下周我们将带来更多有关“美国生活”的故事。
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。