363: Enforcers - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #363 | September 12, 2008 363: Enforcers Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 363 集 | 2008 年 9 月 12 日 363：执法者 注意：《美国生活》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
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如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue Ira Glass From WBEZ Chicago, it's This American Life , distributed by Public Radio International.
序言 Ira Glass 来自 WBEZ 芝加哥，这就是美国生活，由国际公共广播电台发行。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
We went through a long stretch of time with a lot of open wounds on our hands, so-- and I do remember a lot of times after a game we'd have practice the next morning and we would have to figure out a way to get our glove on because our wounds were wide open.
我们经历了很长一段时间，手上有很多开放性伤口，所以——我确实记得很多次比赛结束后，我们第二天早上就要训练，我们必须找到一种方法来戴上手套，因为我们的伤口都是开放性的。
The sweat would actually get into our wounds and burn.
汗水实际上会进入我们的伤口并燃烧。
Hockey's changed over the years.
这些年来曲棍球发生了变化。
Joe Kocur is from the days back when there were enforcers, guys whose job it was to get their hands bloody.
乔·科库尔是执法者时代的人，他们的工作就是让双手沾满鲜血。
Joe played for the Detroit Red Wings and the New York Rangers.
乔曾效力于底特律红翼队和纽约游骑兵队。
If you don't know much about hockey, when fights erupt, it can just seem like thuggery, disorganized mayhem.
如果您不太了解曲棍球，那么当打架爆发时，它可能看起来像是暴行、无组织的混乱。
But Joe says that when he would start a fight, it was anything but random.
但乔说，当他开始打架时，这绝不是随机的。
It wasn't arbitrary.
这不是任意的。
Far from it.
远非如此。
He was the law.
他就是法律。
If a guy runs your goal tender, if a guy runs your best hockey player on your team, he just did a dirty check on a friend of yours, I mean, anything that is not legal in the game and the referee may not see it, and even if the referee sees it, sometimes you have to take it into your own hands to make sure this gentleman doesn't want to do it again.
如果一个人管理你的球门，如果一个人管理你球队中最好的曲棍球运动员，他只是对你的一个朋友做了肮脏的检查，我的意思是，比赛中任何不合法的事情裁判可能看不到，即使裁判看到它，有时你也必须把它掌握在自己手中，以确保这位绅士不想再这样做。
Let me ask you to give an example of how this goes down.
让我请您举一个例子来说明这是如何发生的。
You tell a story in your book about going after Jim Kyte in one game.
你在书中讲述了一个关于在一场游戏中追击吉姆·凯特的故事。
What did Jim Kyte do?
吉姆·凯特做了什么？
Well, throughout the whole game, Jim Kyte was running our captain Steve Yzerman and playing, I call it dirty.
好吧，在整场比赛中，吉姆·凯特（Jim Kyte）一直在追赶我们的队长史蒂夫·伊泽曼（Steve Yzerman），我称之为肮脏的。
He was slashing him a lot and hitting him with the stick, so I was on the ice with about three minutes left in the game.
他用棍子砍了他很多，所以比赛还剩三分钟时我就在冰上。
I was a young guy and Jim Kyte was on the ice and was ready to face off.
我是个年轻人，吉姆·凯特在冰上并准备好对抗。
And I went over to one of our veteran defenseman, Mike O'Connell and I said, "Mike, did Coach just put me out here to go after Jim Kyte?" And he said, "Joe," he says, "I don't know your job and I don't know what the coach was thinking but you know what your job is.
我走向我们的一位资深防守队员迈克·奥康奈尔，我说：“迈克，教练让我来这里是为了追击吉姆·凯特吗？”他说，“乔，”他说，“我不知道你的工作，我不知道教练在想什么，但你知道你的工作是什么。
Do what you think's right." And when the puck dropped, I went after him.
做你认为正确的事。”当冰球落下时，我去追他。
Now we've got a fight, Kyte and Kocur.
现在我们要打架了，凯特和科库尔。
And Kocur [UNINTELLIGIBLE] Jimmy Kyte.
还有科库尔[无法辨认]吉米·凯特。
I happened to catch him with a couple pretty good ones and that ended the night.
我碰巧发现他有几个相当不错的东西，就这样结束了这个夜晚。
I was scared when I hit him, because I'd hit him so hard and his head had hit the ice and I was worried that he may have been hurt permanently or something.
当我打他的时候我很害怕，因为我打得太重了，他的头撞到了冰上，我担心他可能会受到永久性伤害或者其他什么。
Not a pretty sight, but Jimmy Kyte's a tough guy and he's getting up.
看上去不太漂亮，但吉米·凯特是个硬汉，而且他正在站起来。
Now, sometimes somebody did something during the game that would deserve retaliation, would deserve enforcing, but other stuff needed to happen during the game.
现在，有时有人在比赛中做了一些值得报复、值得强制执行的事情，但比赛期间还需要发生其他事情。
The clock was running down.
时间已经快过去了。
You didn't have time to get into a fight, and so you would kind of file that away in your head and wait until you saw them on the ice the next time.
你没有时间去打架，所以你会把这件事记在脑子里，等到下次在冰上看到他们。
Would they know they had it coming?
他们会知道他们已经来了吗？
I think for the most part.
我认为大部分情况下。
Sometimes you didn't go after him right away, because it changed him as a hockey player.
有时你不会立即追随他，因为这改变了他作为曲棍球运动员的身份。
He's looking around.
他环顾四周。
He's looking over his shoulder, worried about getting what's going to happen to him, and you may wait a game or two and let him just be on the ice and be unsure of what's going on.
他会回头看，担心自己会发生什么，你可能会等一两场比赛，让他呆在冰面上，不确定发生了什么。
I think one of the keys to being an enforcer and intimidating other players is the unknown.
我认为成为执法者和恐吓其他玩家的关键之一是未知。
If somebody did something to one of our players and you didn't get him that night, you knew he was going to have an uneasy sleep before the next game, and probably for the rest of the year for that matter.
如果有人对我们的一名球员做了什么，而你那天晚上没有抓住他，你就知道他在下一场比赛之前会睡得不安稳，而且很可能在今年剩下的时间里都会睡得不安稳。
What's interesting is that the game has referees who are there to keep order, but the refs can only do so much.
有趣的是，比赛有裁判来维持秩序，但裁判只能做这么多。
Kocur says that when a player acts up, the penalties that the ref gives-- two minutes in the penalty box, a $500 fine-- players shrug that stuff off.
科库尔说，当一名球员表现不佳时，裁判给出的处罚——罚球区内两分钟，罚款 500 美元——球员们对此不屑一顾。
Who cares?
谁在乎？
It doesn't change their behavior.
这不会改变他们的行为。
But if there's an enforcer out there and they know there's going to be some physical pain inflicted upon them for what they did, they're going to have second thoughts about doing it.
但如果有执法者在那里，并且他们知道他们的行为会给他们带来一些身体上的痛苦，他们就会重新考虑是否这样做。
At the two political conventions this summer, some commentators started comparing our nation's two vice presidential candidates to hockey enforcers.
在今年夏天的两次政治大会上，一些评论员开始将我国的两位副总统候选人与曲棍球执法者进行比较。
A guy in The National Ledger wrote, "Barack Obama evidently believes he needs somebody to protect him like a hockey team star, so he chose Senator Joe Biden." A reporter for the Rocky Mountain News wrote, "She calls herself a hockey mom, but now Alaska Governor Sarah Palin is jumping into a job more akin to a hockey enforcer for Senator John McCain.
《国家纪事报》上的一个人写道：“巴拉克·奥巴马显然认为他需要有人像曲棍球队明星一样保护他，所以他选择了参议员乔·拜登。” 《落基山新闻》的一名记者写道：“她自称是曲棍球妈妈，但现在阿拉斯加州州长莎拉·佩林却跳槽到了一份更像参议员约翰·麦凯恩的曲棍球执法者的工作。
Almost immediately she came out swinging, going straight for Democratic Senator Barack Obama's ribs and knee caps."
她几乎立刻就出来了，直奔民主党参议员巴拉克·奥巴马的肋骨和膝盖。”
I think what's going on is that our politics are so rough and nobody is really refereeing that somebody's got to be the tough guy, not to bring justice exactly, but to protect their own side.
我认为正在发生的事情是，我们的政治是如此粗暴，没有人真正裁判，有人必须成为硬汉，不是为了伸张正义，而是为了保护自己的一方。
Though, of course, the line between protecting your side and just being a bully can get kind of hazy.
当然，保护你的一方和仅仅成为一个恶霸之间的界限可能会变得有点模糊。
And so, today on our show, Enforcers, people who take the law into their own hands.
因此，今天在我们的节目中，执法者是那些将法律掌握在自己手中的人。
And also, the people who are supposed to wear the sheriff's badge but sometimes have a hard time putting it on.
还有，那些应该佩戴警长徽章但有时很难戴上的人。
Our show in two acts today.
我们今天的演出分两幕。
Act One, Hanging in Chad.
第一幕，在乍得上吊。
In that act, some freelance self-appointed enforcers who enjoy the hell out of enforcing frontier justice on the internet.
在该法案中，一些自由职业者自封为执行者，他们享受在互联网上执行边境正义的痛苦。
Act Two, Now You SEC Me, Now You Don't.
第二幕，现在你监视我，现在你不监视我。
Alex Blumberg has the story of an enforcer who refused to enforce even when pleaded with to do more to protect people from the financial turmoil that we see in the news every day.
亚历克斯·布隆伯格（Alex Blumberg）讲述了一个执法者的故事，他拒绝执法，即使恳求采取更多措施来保护人们免受我们每天在新闻中看到的金融动荡的影响。
Stay with us.
留在我们身边。
Act One, Hanging in Chad.
第一幕，在乍得上吊。
Like everybody else who has email, I've gotten those messages where they say that there is $8 million sitting in a bank in Nigeria and the money is just sitting there, doing nothing.
和其他有电子邮件的人一样，我也收到过这样的消息，他们说尼日利亚的一家银行里有 800 万美元，而这些钱只是坐在那里，什么也没做。
And somebody needs help getting that money out of the country.
有人需要帮助将这笔钱带出国外。
But until recently when somebody explained it to me, I never really stopped to think about how this scam actually works.
但直到最近有人向我解释这一点时，我才真正停下来思考这个骗局实际上是如何运作的。
If you reply to those emails, after some back and forth, they'll let you know there's a processing fee that you're going to need to pay for the courier, or the insurance, or whatever.
如果您回复这些电子邮件，经过一番来回，他们会让您知道您需要支付快递费、保险费或其他费用。
And after you pay that, of course, they don't deliver the money.
当然，你付了钱后，他们就不会付款了。
There will be some problem, some bank official who needs to be bribed or some new fee.
将会出现一些问题，一些银行官员需要被贿赂或一些新的费用。
And they're very sorry.
他们非常抱歉。
They're sure if you just do this one more thing, you'll get your money.
他们确信只要你再做一件事，你就会得到钱。
And so you pay that and then on and on it goes.
所以你付了钱，然后就这样继续下去。
They string you along for as long as they can.
他们会尽可能长时间地欺骗你。
In 2007, Americans reported losing $15 million to this particular email scam.
2007 年，美国人报告说由于这种特殊的电子邮件骗局损失了 1500 万美元。
And the real number may be more like a $100 million, according to the federal government's Internet Crime Complaint Center, which says that the average loss to each victim is about $2,000.
根据联邦政府互联网犯罪投诉中心的数据，真实数字可能更像是 1 亿美元，每个受害者的平均损失约为 2,000 美元。
Though, and here's the reason why I'm bringing all this up, it is rare for anybody to be arrested for this.
不过，这就是我提出这一切的原因，很少有人因此而被捕。
The thieves are hard to catch because, it turns out, they really are overseas in places that American law enforcement has a hard time reaching.
这些窃贼很难抓到，因为事实证明，他们实际上在海外，美国执法部门很难到达的地方。
Lots of them are actually in Nigeria, so many that one nickname for this kind of con is to call it a 4-1-9 scam.
其中很多实际上都在尼日利亚，数量如此之多，以至于这种骗局的一个绰号是“4-1-9 骗局”。
4-1-9 is the part of the Nigerian criminal code that deals with fraud.
4-1-9 是尼日利亚刑法中处理欺诈的部分。
So into this breach, onto this lawless frontier, where traditional police work has failed, has stepped the vigilantes.
因此，治安警察闯入了这个突破口，进入了这个无法无天的边境，而传统的警察工作已经失败了。
Internet vigilantes.
互联网治安维护者。
The proud.
骄傲的。
The brave.
勇敢的人。
I live in the Midwest.
我住在中西部。
I'm a 42-year-old software engineer.
我是一名 42 岁的软件工程师。
I've got four children.
我有四个孩子。
I will identify this man and his friends only with their nom de guerre.
我只会用他们的化名来识别这个人和他的朋友。
His is YeaWhatever and he ran the vigilante action I'm going to tell you about today alongside two of his friends.
他是 YeaWhatever，他和他的两个朋友一起开展了我今天要告诉你们的治安维持行动。
Jojo, someone below the Mason Dixon line.
乔乔，梅森迪克森线以下的人。
Yeah, I'm early 20s, single.
是的，我20岁出头，单身。
I am an engineer.
我是工程师。
And there's Professor So And So out in a Western state.
西方某州有某某教授。
I'm 31 years old and I have a four-year-old daughter.
我今年 31 岁，有一个四岁的女儿。
Three of these guys met on the discussion boards of a website called 419eater.com.
其中三个人是在 419eater.com 网站的讨论板上认识的。
That 4-1-9 in the name, yes, refers to the Nigerian criminal code.
是的，名字中的 4-1-9 指的是尼日利亚刑法。
This is the website where internet vigilantes like themselves compare stories, and share victories, and swap trade secrets on how to get the email scammers.
在这个网站上，像他们这样的互联网治安维护者可以比较故事，分享胜利，并交换如何对付电子邮件诈骗者的商业秘密。
And this spring and summer, these three guys ran an operation against the scammers that not only exceeded all expectations, they became kind of an internet sensation in their community, scoring more page views than anything comparable.
今年春天和夏天，这三个人针对诈骗者开展了一项行动，不仅超出了所有人的预期，而且在他们的社区中引起了网络轰动，获得了比任何同类网站都多的页面浏览量。
But it also raised some interesting questions about whether these internet vigilantes, these self-appointed enforcers, go too far.
但它也引发了一些有趣的问题，即这些互联网治安维护者、这些自封的执法者是否做得太过分了。
Chances are you may have heard of guys who do this.
您可能听说过这样做的人。
They've been around for a while.
他们已经存在了一段时间了。
They call themselves baiters, or scam baiters, because they bait the con men into doing all kinds of ridiculous things.
他们称自己为诱饵者，或诈骗诱饵者，因为他们引诱骗子做各种荒谬的事情。
They convince them to get funny tattoos or build pyramids out of sandbags or pose for embarrassing photos.
他们说服他们纹上有趣的纹身，或者用沙袋建造金字塔，或者摆出令人尴尬的姿势。
On YouTube, you can watch some West African email scammers perform on video an old Monty Python sketch about a dead parrot.
在 YouTube 上，您可以观看一些西非电子邮件诈骗者在视频中表演关于一只死鹦鹉的旧 Monty Python 素描。
They had been told over email that they could get a pile of money, a scholarship grant, if they were any good.
他们通过电子邮件被告知，如果他们表现出色，他们可以获得一大笔钱，甚至是奖学金。
I wish to complain about this parrot that I bought not half an hour ago from this very shop.
我想抱怨一下我半小时前从这家商店买的这只鹦鹉。
Oh, yes.
哦是的。
Oh, yes.
哦是的。
What is wrong with it?
这有什么问题吗？
If you're wondering what good this does anybody, the idea, besides amusing yourself and your friends on the discussion boards and administering some karmic justice, is to waste the con men's time so they have fewer hours in the day to scam people.
如果你想知道这对任何人有什么好处，这个想法除了在讨论板上取悦你自己和你的朋友以及执行一些业力正义之外，就是浪费骗子的时间，这样他们一天中就有更少的时间来欺骗别人。
And the bait that I'm going to tell you about today wasted an astonishing amount of the con man's time, maybe more than any bait ever.
我今天要告诉你的诱饵浪费了骗子大量的时间，可能比任何诱饵都浪费了更多的时间。
It began when somebody on the discussion board got ahold of a scam email from a Nigerian whose name was supposedly Adamu.
事情开始于讨论板上的某人收到一封来自尼日利亚人的诈骗电子邮件，据称该人的名字叫阿达姆。
He wrote to this Adamu, pretending to be an official from a missionary church, which is a time-tested bait.
他写信给这位阿达姆，冒充传教士教会的官员，这是一个久经考验的诱饵。
Well, the way it typically worked was one of these scammers would contact the church.
嗯，它通常的运作方式是这些骗子之一会联系教堂。
We would write back and say, well, unless you're a member of the church, we really can't get involved in any financial transactions with you, so if you want to become a member, great, otherwise good luck with your transaction.
我们会回信说，好吧，除非你是教会的成员，否则我们真的无法与你进行任何金融交易，所以如果你想成为成员，那就太好了，否则祝你的交易好运。
Then they decide that they want the money really bad.
然后他们决定非常想要这笔钱。
They join the church and we just plan from there.
他们加入教会，我们就从那里开始计划。
The idea, YeaWhatever says, is to get the scammer off of his script for what's going to happen and onto theirs, which worked with this guy Adamu.
不管怎么说，这个想法是让骗子从他的剧本中将要发生的事情转移到他们与阿达姆合作的剧本中。
Well, we got him totally in a different direction.
好吧，我们让他完全走向了不同的方向。
We offered him grant money to start a church in Nigeria.
我们向他提供赠款，让他在尼日利亚建立一座教堂。
$200,000.
20万美元。
Ira Glass But if Adamu wanted to get the $200,000, they told him, he would have to take a trip, a long trip, from Lagos, Nigeria to a completely different country, Chad.
Ira Glass 但他们告诉阿达姆，如果他想拿到 20 万美元，他就必须进行一次旅行，一次长途旅行，从尼日利亚拉各斯到一个完全不同的国家乍得。
When baiters send a con man on this kind of trip, they refer to it as a safari.
当诱饵者派遣骗子进行此类旅行时，他们将其称为狩猎之旅。
It's a wild goose chase, basically, but, of course, that's not what they told Adamu.
基本上，这是一场徒劳的追逐，但是，当然，这不是他们告诉阿达姆的。
They invented an entire cast of made-up characters who started emailing and occasionally telephoning Adamu.
他们创造了一整套虚构的角色，他们开始发电子邮件，偶尔给阿达姆打电话。
All of them were part of this church that they had invented.
他们所有人都是他们发明的这座教堂的一部分。
There was a Reverend Benjamin who informed Adamu that, if Adamu could somehow make it to Chad, there was a missionary named Hamden there and a translator named Eric who would meet him and drive him to where he would get the $200,000.
有一位本杰明牧师告诉阿达姆，如果阿达姆能以某种方式到达乍得，那里有一位名叫哈姆登的传教士和一位名叫埃里克的翻译，他会接见他并开车送他去那里，他将得到 20 万美元。
Here's Jojo.
这是乔乔。
We basically said, what you need to do is you need to get a one-way ticket from Nigeria to N'Djamena, Chad, which is right on the border of Nigeria.
我们基本上说，您需要做的是获得一张从尼日利亚到乍得恩贾梅纳的单程票，恩贾梅纳就在尼日利亚边境。
It's about 800 or 900 miles away.
大约有800或900英里远。
You don't need to worry about clothes or food, because once you get there, everything's going to be provided for you.
你不需要担心衣服或食物，因为一旦你到达那里，一切都会为你提供。
And we're going to send our missionary, Hamden.
我们将派出我们的传教士哈姆登。
We're going to send him to pick you up in N'Djamena, and you're going to leave with the $200,000.
我们将派他去恩贾梅纳接你，你将带着 20 万美元离开。
You know, everything's going to be taken care of once you get to N'Djamena.
你知道，一旦你到达恩贾梅纳，一切都会得到解决。
To help the church representatives recognize Adamu in the town square in N'Djamena, they ask Adamu to wear a white robe and a bright pink sash, and hold a sign with a slightly obscene message about Muhammad, this in the middle of a Muslim country.
为了帮助教会代表在恩贾梅纳的城镇广场上认出阿达姆，他们要求阿达姆穿着白色长袍和亮粉色腰带，并举着一块标语，上面写着关于穆罕默德的略带淫秽的信息，这是在一个穆斯林国家的中部。
Now, to give you a sense of what Chad is like, somebody posted on the scam baiter discussion board the official travel advisory for Chad that was issued by the Canadian government.
现在，为了让您了解乍得是什么样子，有人在骗局诱饵讨论板上发布了加拿大政府发布的乍得官方旅行建议。
It describes the entire country as unstable.
它描述了整个国家不稳定。
Possible clashes between rebels and government troops, it says.
报告称，叛军和政府军之间可能发生冲突。
Civil unrest and violent incidents can occur at all times, including in N'Djamena, Adamu's first stop.
内乱和暴力事件随时可能发生，包括阿达姆的第一站恩贾梅纳。
There are live mine fields.
有活雷区。
There are roaming armed militias.
有武装民兵四处游荡。
There are bandits.
有土匪。
Yeah, it's very dangerous.
是的，这非常危险。
Ira Glass And then are you trying to get him hurt or are you just trying to scare him?
Ira Glass 那么你是想伤害他还是只是想吓唬他？
We're not trying to get him hurt, but it's really just isolating him.
我们并不是想伤害他，但这实际上只是孤立了他。
What we wanted to do is just isolate him, get him out there, cut off from any ability to communicate with potential real-life victims, and keep him there as long as we could.
我们想做的就是隔离他，把他带出去，切断他与现实生活中潜在受害者沟通的能力，并尽可能长时间地把他留在那里。
And on April 1st, they start getting emails from Adamu saying that he has arrived in Chad, but there is nobody there to meet him.
4 月 1 日，他们开始收到 Adamu 发来的电子邮件，称他已抵达乍得，但那里没有人会见他。
They email back, explaining that Hamden's car broke down on the road halfway between N'Djamena and a town called Abeche, and that's why Hamden isn't there to pick him up.
他们回复电子邮件，解释说哈姆登的车在恩贾梅纳和阿贝歇镇之间的半路上抛锚了，这就是哈姆登没有去接他的原因。
And right away, Adamu writes back to them saying his situation is pretty rough.
阿达姆立即回信给他们说他的处境相当艰难。
He's traveling, by the way, with a man who he identifies as his brother, who may or may not be his real brother.
顺便说一句，他和一个他认为是他兄弟的人一起旅行，这个人可能是也可能不是他的亲兄弟。
This is an excerpt from something on April 3rd.
这是4月3日的某件事的摘录。
"Please, I am not OK here.
“拜托，我在这里不太好。
Since four days now, I am stranded in N'Djamena.
四天以来，我被困在恩贾梅纳。
The worst is I don't have single money with me here.
最糟糕的是我这里没有一分钱。
Please--" [LAUGHS] You know, it's hard to read these without even laughing.
拜托——”[笑]你知道，读完这些文章很难不笑。
"Please, for God's sake, tell Hamden to come today or latest tomorrow.
“看在上帝的份上，请告诉哈姆登今天或者最迟明天来。
No food for me.
没有食物给我。
No water to drink, because of the language problem.
由于语言问题，没有水喝。
No English, only Arabic language and Hausa.
没有英语，只有阿拉伯语和豪萨语。
That is why I come with my brother that can speak Hausa but not Arabic.
这就是为什么我和我的兄弟一起来的，他会说豪萨语，但不会说阿拉伯语。
I am very, very hungry."
我非常非常饿。”
And he writes in another email around the same time, "You call me as soon as you reach.
大约在同一时间，他在另一封电子邮件中写道：“你一到就给我打电话。
Please.
请。
No food, no water since four days now." What do you think's really happening?
四天以来没有食物，没有水。”你认为到底发生了什么？
Do you really believe that he has no food and no water?
你真的相信他没有食物没有水吗？
No. Jojo Nope.
不，乔乔 不。
I mean, he's got money to check the internet.
我的意思是，他有钱上网。
You know, what kind of priorities are those?
你知道这些优先事项是什么吗？
These guys are used to telling lies for a living.
这些家伙习惯以说谎为生。
I don't disagree that it probably is pretty bad there, but he's not as hungry as he claims.
我不同意那里的情况可能很糟糕，但他并不像他声称的那么饿。
For the next few weeks, the truth of Adamu's situation, as best as they can figure, is this.
在接下来的几周里，据他们所知，阿达姆的真实情况是这样的。
He's living at the bus station, sleeping outside, still in the same clothes he arrived in.
他住在公交车站，睡在外面，还穿着刚来时的衣服。
He has a little money to email them from the internet cafe, but very soon his cellphone dies.
他有一点钱可以从网吧给他们发电子邮件，但很快他的手机就没电了。
This is pretty much exactly the kind of misery that the baiters had hoped to inflict in the first place.
这几乎正是诱饵者最初希望造成的那种痛苦。
And on the discussion boards with their peers, there's a lot of high-fiving and celebration.
在与同行的讨论板上，有很多击掌和庆祝活动。
"Ha ha ha.
“哈哈哈。
I love this," somebody writes.
我喜欢这个，”有人写道。
"I almost feel sorry for him, but not really."
“我几乎为他感到难过，但不是真的。”
And at this point, the baiters move to phase two of their plan.
此时，诱饵者进入了他们计划的第二阶段。
N'Djamena is bad, but now they do everything they can to convince Adamu to come to Abeche, 400 miles further from home, and 400 miles closer to a part of the world you've probably heard of, Darfur, which is just on the other side of the border between Chad and Sudan.
恩贾梅纳的情况很糟糕，但现在他们竭尽全力说服阿达穆来到阿贝歇，这里离家远 400 英里，距离你可能听说过的世界某个地方达尔富尔也近 400 英里，达尔富尔就在乍得和苏丹边境的另一边。
Phase two will take him to the town of Abeche, which is still in Chad but less than 100 miles from the border.
第二阶段将把他带到阿贝歇镇，该镇仍在乍得境内，但距离边境不到 100 英里。
Conditions there are much more dangerous than in N'Djamena.
那里的情况比恩贾梅纳危险得多。
If he hits Abeche, Professor So And So writes on the discussion board, he is more screwed than he can even imagine.
某某教授在讨论板上写道，如果他击中了阿贝歇，他的处境将比他想象的还要糟糕。
To lure him there, they send him fake receipts for Western Union money transfers that he can only pick up at the Western Union office in Abeche.
为了引诱他去那里，他们向他发送了西联汇款的假收据，他只能在阿贝歇的西联汇款办事处领取。
They try to convince him to join Hamden, whose car is supposedly still stuck halfway to Abeche.
他们试图说服他加入哈姆登，据说哈姆登的车仍滞留在前往阿贝歇的半路上。
And YeaWhatever writes an email, pretending to be Eric, the church's translator, talking about how great it is all going to be once he gets to Abeche.
YeaWhatever 写了一封电子邮件，假装是教堂的翻译埃里克，谈论一旦他到达阿贝歇，一切将会多么美好。
If YeaWhatever and his buddies sound surprisingly gleeful as they talk about this, well, we'll get to that.
如果 YeaWhatever 和他的朋友们在谈论这个问题时听起来出奇地高兴，那么我们就开始讨论这个问题。
"Brother Adamu, you'll be happy to know that Abeche is a quiet, very small town, just a couple hundred people.
“阿达姆兄弟，你会很高兴知道阿贝歇是一个安静的小镇，只有几百人。
Unlike N'Djamena, everything in Abeche is easy to find and everyone there is far more friendly." Really not true, but--
与恩贾梅纳不同，阿贝歇的一切都很容易找到，而且那里的每个人都更加友好。”确实不是真的，但是——
"We live in a building exactly 20 meters to the west of the UN office.
“我们住在联合国办事处以西20米处的一栋大楼里。
It's easy to find that building.
很容易找到那栋大楼。
It is the only building in the center of town that has satellite dishes all over it." We don't really know if there is such a building, but we thought it sounded nice.
它是镇中心唯一一座遍布卫星天线的建筑。”我们真的不知道是否有这样的建筑，但我们觉得听起来不错。
"Anyhow, everyone knows us in Abeche.
“无论如何，阿贝歇的每个人都认识我们。
All you need to do is ask for Hamden or me.
你所需要做的就是找哈姆登或我。
Everyone knows us.
每个人都认识我们。
I look forward to finally meeting you and your brother.
我期待着最终见到你和你的兄弟。
This has taken way too long already.
这已经花了太长时间了。
I'm sure that both you and your brother are looking forward to the plane ride back home."
我确信你和你的兄弟都期待着乘飞机回家。”
So you're trying to get him to Abeche, and at one point you actually email him saying, OK, the guy's coming today with the car.
所以你试图让他去阿贝歇，有一次你实际上给他发了电子邮件说，好吧，那家伙今天开车来。
And then he doesn't answer that email fast enough, and then you email him again saying, where were you?
然后他回复邮件的速度不够快，然后你又给他发邮件说，你在哪里？
We sent the guy with the car.
我们派了那个人来开车。
We actually had the driver call him.
我们实际上让司机给他打电话。
I asked--
我问——
You had him call him?
你让他给他打电话？
Professor So And So Yeah, another baiter.
某某教授 是的，另一个诱饵。
I asked him if he would make the call.
我问他是否愿意打电话。
So he had voice modulation software and software that he could add sounds, so he put a sound of, like, a busy street on and called as the driver freaking out on him about not being able to find him and waiting two hours.
所以他有语音调制软件和可以添加声音的软件，所以他放了一种类似繁忙街道的声音，然后在司机因为找不到他而等了两个小时而对他感到害怕时打电话给他。
Wait a minute.
等一下。
I've been trying to call this number for two hours.
我已经尝试拨打这个号码两个小时了。
I went there to pick you up, ain't nobody there.
我去那里接你，那里没有人。
And damn it, I'm crotchety.
该死的，我脾气暴躁。
You know what?
你知道吗？
He gave me some money to give to you.
他给了我一些钱给你。
I'm on my way back now.
我现在正在回来的路上。
I'm leaving.
我要走了。
He told him he was keeping the money, and then we had to follow up and let him know exactly what happened.
他告诉他他正在保留这笔钱，然后我们必须跟进并让他确切知道发生了什么。
He missed the driver.
他想念司机了。
So that's just to make him feel as bad as possible, it seems.
所以这看起来只是为了让他感觉尽可能糟糕。
It was his fault.
这是他的错。
Yeawhatever Oh, right.
是啊，无论如何哦，对了。
It's to make it his fault, you know, essentially.
你知道，本质上是为了让这成为他的错。
That's one thing we like to do, is it's never anyone's-- well, it's never any of our fault.
这是我们喜欢做的一件事，这绝不是任何人的错——好吧，这绝不是我们的错。
It's always their fault.
这总是他们的错。
It's not our fault.
这不是我们的错。
It's Western Union's fault.
这是西联汇款的错。
It's not our fault that you didn't get the email.
您没有收到电子邮件不是我们的错。
The driver was there.
司机就在那里。
You know, so we create this illusion that we are being so very compliant with everything they're asking for.
你知道，所以我们创造了一种错觉，认为我们非常符合他们的要求。
This technique is exactly what the scammers do themselves.
这种技术正是诈骗者自己所采用的。
They tell you that they are doing everything possible to help you get your money.
他们告诉您，他们正在尽一切可能帮助您拿到钱。
But there's always one more problem that prevents you from getting the big payout, one more hoop to go through.
但总会有一个问题阻止你获得大笔奖金，又要经历一关。
The scam baiters are like cops, taking the same tactics as the criminals.
诈骗者就像警察一样，采取与犯罪分子相同的策略。
Don't they recognize the fact that you're using the same technique on them that they use on the people who they're scamming?
难道他们没有意识到你对他们使用的技术与他们对诈骗者使用的技术相同吗？
It baffles us.
这让我们很困惑。
You would think they would, but they don't.
你可能会认为他们会，但他们不会。
You would think so.
你一定会这么想。
Well, the obvious difference with us is we're not asking for money.
嗯，与我们的明显区别是我们不要钱。
We're just asking him to travel from one place to another, so maybe that's enough for them not to see it.
我们只是要求他从一个地方旅行到另一个地方，所以也许这足以让他们看不到它。
It seems to work time and time again.
它似乎一次又一次地起作用。
And then once you get him isolated, once you get him, you know, somewhere like N'Djamena, well, they really don't have an option but to believe.
然后一旦你把他孤立起来，一旦你把他抓到，你知道，在恩贾梅纳这样的地方，好吧，他们真的别无选择，只能相信。
You know, it's the same mentality that some of these victims have.
你知道，其中一些受害者也有同样的心态。
They've sent so much, they've gone this far, that they can't really turn back at this point.
他们已经送了这么多，已经走了这么远，现在已经无法回头了。
In a thread on your discussion board, people talk about this victim mentality.
在讨论区的帖子中，人们谈论了这种受害者心态。
Once you've given up some money or some time to actually believe that it's a scam, it's just too horrible to think about, and it's just easier to think, oh, this is going to work out.
一旦你放弃了一些金钱或时间，真正相信这是一个骗局，这太可怕了，无法想象，而且更容易想到，哦，这会成功的。
Right.
正确的。
And I think the same thing holds true with them.
我认为同样的事情也适用于他们。
The guys managed to keep Adamu and his brother waiting in N'Djamena for 21 days, which is an incredibly long time for one of these scam bait safaris.
这些家伙设法让阿达姆和他的兄弟在恩贾梅纳等了 21 天，这对于这些骗局诱饵狩猎之旅来说是一个令人难以置信的漫长时间。
Usually they just last a day or two.
通常它们只会持续一两天。
And they are nowhere near finished.
而且它们还远没有完成。
They do manage to convince Adamu to go to Abeche, where conditions, as predicted, are much, much worse.
他们确实设法说服阿达姆前往阿贝歇，正如预测的那样，那里的情况要糟糕得多。
Adamu gets there by telling a driver that he will pay the driver $500 when they arrive in Abeche.
阿达穆 (Adamu) 告诉司机，当他们到达阿贝歇 (Abeche) 时，他将向司机支付 500 美元。
All they have to do is go to the Western Union office in Abeche, where, supposedly, money is waiting for them, sent by the church.
他们所要做的就是去阿贝歇的西联汇款办事处，据说那里有教会寄来的钱在等着他们。
Though, of course, when they show up, something is wrong with the paperwork at Western Union.
当然，当他们出现时，西联汇款的文书工作出了问题。
They have no money to give the driver, who gets angry.
他们没有钱给司机，司机很生气。
Adamu writes increasingly desperate emails to his friends in the fake church.
阿达姆给他在假教堂里的朋友们写了越来越绝望的电子邮件。
Each one begins with a pleading reminder that they are at the cyber cafe on Hospital Road, waiting for the church officials to finally arrive and rescue them.
每个人都以恳求的方式提醒他们，他们正在医院路的网吧里，等待教会官员最终到达并营救他们。
"My life is in great danger here because of the driver that has brought us here have not been pay and he is treating our life."
“我的生命在这里处于极大的危险中，因为带我们来这里的司机没有得到报酬，而他却在对待我们的生命。”
Threatening, I guess.
我猜是威胁。
Jojo These are being read as written, so--
乔乔 这些是按书面形式阅读的，所以——
Yeah.
是的。
Jojo "Now there is tension--" [LAUGHS] "there is tension all over my body because of the driver threating me of his money.
Jojo “现在很紧张——”[笑]“我全身都很紧张，因为司机威胁要拿走我的钱。
Save me from the driver hand, because he is increase his money every day.
把我从司机手中救出来，因为他每天都在增加他的钱。
I and my brother have been with him now for five days in Abeche."
我和我的兄弟已经在阿贝歇和他在一起五天了。”
And do you think it's possible at this point that the driver is threatening them?
你认为司机现在有可能威胁他们吗？
That seems like it could be possible, right?
这似乎是可能的，对吧？
Yes, completely.
是的，完全如此。
Professor So And So Definitely.
某某教授肯定是这样。
Oh, yeah.
哦，是的。
I mean, I don't doubt that one bit.
我的意思是，我一点也不怀疑这一点。
I mean, it's his phone they're using.
我是说，他们用的是他的手机。
He's paying for cafe time.
他支付咖啡馆时间的费用。
Now, you write underneath this on the bulletin board posting, Jojo, "These are some of the funniest emails I've ever seen." And I want to ask you about this, because on the discussion board, as you're posting this day-by-day as it's happening, people all through it are saying, "This is knee-slappingly funny stuff.
现在，你在布告栏帖子下面写下，Jojo，“这些是我见过的一些最有趣的电子邮件。”我想问你这个问题，因为在讨论板上，当你每天发布这个消息时，所有的人都在说，“这真是有趣的事情。
I am laughing so hard at these emails."
我对这些电子邮件笑得很厉害。”
You post on the bulletin board, saying, "If the following email doesn't make you laugh out loud, then we would never have fun hanging out.
你在布告栏上发帖说：“如果下面的电子邮件没有让你笑出声来，那么我们就永远不会玩得很开心。
This is pure poetry to me." And the email is, "I am begging you in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, I and my brother are still waiting for you in Abeche in the only cyber cafe along Hospital Road.
这对我来说是纯粹的诗。”电子邮件内容是：“我以主耶稣基督的名义恳求您，我和我的兄弟仍在阿贝歇医院路唯一的网吧等待您。
We are waiting for you.
我们正在等你。
We are still here since the driver is not happy about us.
我们还在这里，因为司机对我们不满意。
Please come so that we will be free from his hand.
请你过来，让我们摆脱他的手。
Please.
请。
Thank you.
谢谢你。
I am waiting."
我在等。”
That's just gold.
那只是金子。
Ira Glass Can I ask you?
艾拉·格拉斯 我可以问你吗？
I think that this is just an area where I am not going to see eye to eye on this.
我认为这只是一个我不会达成一致意见的领域。
I don't see what's funny about this.
我不明白这有什么好笑的。
Yeah, you've got to realize, again, these guys are overly dramatic.
是的，你必须再次意识到，这些人太戏剧化了。
I understand that it is, you know, it's not the safest place in the world, but this is just a bit of drama here.
我知道，这不是世界上最安全的地方，但这只是这里的一点戏剧性。
Well, again, these are not nice people, you know?
好吧，再说一遍，这些人都不是好人，你知道吗？
And if you've been dealing with people like this as long as we have, you might find some humor in this.
如果你像我们一样一直和这样的人打交道，你可能会从中发现一些幽默。
But I guess to people who don't do what we do, this might be a bit shocking and maybe not so funny.
但我想对于那些不做我们所做的事情的人来说，这可能会有点令人震惊，而且可能不那么有趣。
But again, we deal with people like this all the time, and they will tell you any lie possible to get money out of you.
但同样，我们一直与这样的人打交道，他们会告诉你任何可能的谎言，以从你身上骗钱。
And they want their money and they'll do whatever it takes to get it.
他们想要钱，并且会不惜一切代价去得到它。
In all, Adamu and his brother wait for the church officials to show up at the cyber cafe on Hospital Road for nearly three months, all of May, and all of June, and most of July.
阿达姆和他的兄弟总共在医院路的网吧等待教会官员出现近三个月，整个五月、整个六月和七月的大部分时间。
Meanwhile, the baiters switch tactics against them over and over.
与此同时，诱饵者一次又一次地改变策略来对付他们。
They keep sending Adamu into the Western Union office to pick up money transfers that never go through.
他们不断派阿达姆到西联汇款办公室领取从未通过的汇款。
Once, they send him in with a note written in Arabic, a language Adamu does not speak, to show the clerk.
有一次，他们送他一张用阿拉伯语（阿达姆不会说的语言）写的便条，交给店员看。
Here's what the note says.
注释是这样说的。
I am a criminal.
我是一个罪犯。
Please arrest me.
请逮捕我。
I hate Muhammad and Mecca is a hell hole.
我讨厌穆罕默德，麦加是一个地狱。
I love Israel.
我爱以色列。
I love George Bush.
我爱乔治·布什。
I think he should invade Chad and remove this ugly country off the map.
我认为他应该入侵乍得并将这个丑陋的国家从地图上删除。
Muhammad is a demonic pedophile.
穆罕默德是一个恶魔般的恋童癖者。
I hate Muslims.
我讨厌穆斯林。
I hate Chad.
我讨厌查德。
I hate this country and its people.
我讨厌这个国家和它的人民。
I'm about to rob this place.
我要抢劫这个地方。
Do you know if he actually showed this to the Western Union person?
你知道他是否真的向西联汇款的人展示过这个吗？
He did not show it to the Western Union person.
他没有把它拿给西联汇款的人看。
Nothing happened.
什么也没发生。
Yeawhatever We were hoping at that point to get him arrested.
是的，无论如何，我们当时希望能逮捕他。
I don't think he really brought it there.
我不认为他真的把它带到那里。
No way.
决不。
At some point during this time in Abeche, Adamu starts saying that his brother is injured.
在阿贝歇的某个时候，阿达姆开始说他的兄弟受伤了。
His brother's leg was hurt, Adamu says, when they fled a rebel battle.
阿达姆说，当他们逃离叛军的战斗时，他兄弟的腿受伤了。
To find out what was true and what was just another lie, I tried to contact Adamu by email and by telephone.
为了弄清楚什么是真实的，什么只是另一个谎言，我尝试通过电子邮件和电话联系阿达姆。
I got some help from a Nigerian journalist in Lagos.
我从拉各斯的一位尼日利亚记者那里得到了一些帮助。
He talked to Adamu several times, tried to convince him to come on the air, and give his side of this whole story.
他与阿达姆交谈了几次，试图说服他参加广播，并给出他对整个故事的看法。
Adamu refused.
阿达姆拒绝了。
He said he knew nothing about this, that we must have the wrong man.
他说他对此一无所知，我们肯定找错人了。
But back when Adamu was still in Abeche, the baiters came up with a way to intercept the emails that Adamu sent to two guys who appear to be his bosses back home in Nigeria, and also to intercept the emails that those two guys sent to him.
但当阿达姆还在阿贝歇时，诱饵者想出了一种方法来拦截阿达姆发送给两个似乎是他在尼日利亚家乡的老板的人的电子邮件，并拦截那两个人发送给他的电子邮件。
This is one of the emails that Adamu sends to those guys back home about all this.
这是阿达姆向家乡的那些人发送的关于这一切的电子邮件之一。
Remember, he has no idea that the baiters are reading his private emails, so this is about as close as we ever get to seeing how bad his situation really was.
请记住，他不知道诱饵者正在阅读他的私人电子邮件，因此这是我们最接近了解他的情况到底有多糟糕的一次。
Professor So And So reads.
某某教授朗读。
Dear CZ, we are in great danger now.
亲爱的CZ，我们现在处于极大的危险之中。
Please, can you call [?
请您打电话给[?
Annie ?] to go and borrow money for us, because brother is in danger if he die here?
安妮？]去帮我们借钱，因为哥哥死在这里就会有危险？
All of us are in a big problem.
我们所有人都面临着一个大问题。
And jump down to the next one where he's writing ND.
然后跳到下一篇，他写下ND。
Sure.
当然。
Dear ND, ND, we are not happy with your email you send to us.
亲爱的 ND，ND，我们对您发送给我们的电子邮件不满意。
I told you that we are in danger here in Chad and brother broke his leg because of the attack, the rebel attack us here.
我告诉过你，我们在乍得这里处于危险之中，兄弟因为袭击而摔断了腿，叛军在这里袭击了我们。
We escaped by god help and there's no one to assist us.
我们靠上帝的帮助逃脱了，但没有人帮助我们。
We are sleeping outside since in the desert.
自从进入沙漠以来，我们就睡在外面。
Please, ND, don't let us die here because of transport money to come back home.
ND，请不要让我们因为回家的交通费而死在这里。
Please.
请。
And so, do you think the brother's leg is hurt?
那么，你觉得哥哥的腿受伤了吗？
I don't know.
我不知道。
Jojo I don't know.
乔乔我不知道。
I do think there might be something to that, because that is kind of a recurring theme.
我确实认为这可能是有道理的，因为这是一个反复出现的主题。
Well, in the last call that I had with Adamu, he was explaining about how his brother got really sick and, you know, they were having a hard time begging for medication money.
嗯，在我与阿达姆的最后一次通话中，他正在解释他的兄弟是如何病得很重的，你知道，他们很难乞讨医药费。
And there was something in his voice when I was talking with him that I actually did believe that something happened.
当我和他谈话时，他的声音里有某种东西让我确实相信发生了什么事。
Yeah.
是的。
He's there a total of 106 days, he's gone from home.
他已经离开家总共106天了。
And then when we were talking with him on the phone one day, I think he's just kind of given up hope.
然后有一天，当我们通过电话与他交谈时，我认为他有点放弃了希望。
You know, he doesn't have money to check his email.
你知道，他没有钱查看电子邮件。
I think he's just kind of frustrated at the way things have gone.
我认为他只是对事情的进展感到有点沮丧。
And we end up telling him that his mother died, which was a pretty big deal.
最后我们告诉他他的母亲去世了，这是一件大事。
He hasn't really been in contact with home, as far as we know.
据我们所知，他还没有真正与家里联系过。
At that point, we were just kind of getting bored with him.
那时，我们对他有点厌倦了。
I mean, there wasn't much else we could do with him.
我的意思是，我们对他无能为力。
We knew he wasn't going to travel anywhere else.
我们知道他不会去其他地方旅行。
I don't know.
我不知道。
We had nothing to lose and thought, why not?
我们没有什么可失去的，我们想，为什么不呢？
Don't you think that's kind of harsh, telling somebody that their mother's dead?
告诉别人他们的母亲去世了，你不觉得这有点残酷吗？
Yeah, that's a little creepy.
是的，这有点令人毛骨悚然。
I don't know.
我不知道。
We were talking one morning and I don't remember who came up with the idea, but it didn't sit right for a minute or two, and I thought, well, why not?
有一天早上我们正在聊天，我不记得是谁提出了这个想法，但它有一两分钟不太对劲，我想，好吧，为什么不呢？
So we went with it.
所以我们就这么做了。
But think about the irony of this.
但想想这件事的讽刺意义。
That's one thing that's kind of funny, was the response on the forum.
论坛上的回应是一件有点有趣的事情。
You know, the same people that were like, oh, this is great, this is hilarious, you sent him to Chad, oh, I can't believe you've fictitiously killed his mom.
你知道，同样的人会说，哦，这太棒了，这太搞笑了，你把他送到乍得，哦，我不敢相信你虚构地杀死了他的妈妈。
Right.
正确的。
That's going too far.
这太过分了。
Jojo Sending him to Chad and the border of Darfur is fine--
乔乔把他送到乍得和达尔富尔边境就可以了——
Which is real.
这是真实的。
Jojo --but fictitiously killing his mom, oh, that's, you know, that's harsh.
乔乔——但是虚构地杀死了他的妈妈，哦，那是，你知道，那很残酷。
Kind of struck me odd, too.
我也觉得有点奇怪。
Ira Glass Right, but it's like you're playing with his heart when you're talking about his mom.
艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass）：是的，但是当你谈论他的妈妈时，你就像在玩弄他的心。
Right.
正确的。
Ira Glass Somehow that seems like it's out of the game.
艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass）：不知怎的，这似乎已经被排除在外了。
Like, you're sending him on a goose chase to get $200,000 that he's trying to steal from a church.
就像，你让他徒劳地去获取他试图从教堂偷走的 20 万美元。
OK, you know, you're sort of playing his game with him.
好吧，你知道，你有点在和他玩他的游戏。
But to tell him about his mom, that's just like-- it's so personal.
但告诉他关于他妈妈的事，那就太私人了。
I know.
我知道。
And I know it does sound kind of creepy at first.
我知道一开始听起来确实有点令人毛骨悚然。
But again, we've been dealing with people like this for years and, I don't know, maybe we've just become jaded over time.
但同样，我们多年来一直与这样的人打交道，我不知道，也许随着时间的推移，我们已经变得厌倦了。
But I don't know, it doesn't really bother me when we pull something like this on a guy, because his mom's not really dead.
但我不知道，当我们对一个人做出这样的事情时，我并没有真正感到困扰，因为他的妈妈并没有真的死。
Every now and then in the 106 days in the discussion boards, their peers would tentatively raise questions about the ethics of what they were doing, of intentionally sending somebody like Adamu, a petty thief who all these guys see as inexperienced and naive, to the most violent place they could with no money or even a change of clothes.
在这106天的讨论区里，他们的同伴时不时地会试探性地提出质疑，质疑他们所做的事情是否道德，故意把像阿达姆这样的小偷，在所有这些人看来缺乏经验和幼稚的人，送到最暴力的地方，没有钱，甚至没有换洗的衣服。
One poster writes, "At this point I wonder to myself, what would make me feel sorry for a lad," meaning for one of these guys.
一张海报写道，“此时我想知道，什么会让我为一个小伙子感到难过”，意思是为其中一个人感到难过。
And somebody responds, "Call me a no fun lad hugger, but I reached that point early on.
有人回答道：“你可以说我是一个无趣的小伙子拥抱者，但我很早就达到了这一点。
Yes, he is a scammer and scumwad.
是的，他就是一个骗子和败类。
On the other hand, he is also, technically speaking, a human being, and I've been wincing whenever anybody gleefully expresses the possibility that he might die.
另一方面，从技术上讲，他也是一个人，每当有人兴高采烈地表达他可能会死的可能性时，我都会皱起眉头。
Don't get me wrong.
别误会我的意思。
I'm laughing my head off.
我笑得前仰后合。
But I'm also feeling a little bit uneasy as I'm laughing." Somebody else writes, "He could seriously get killed.
但我在笑的同时也感到有点不安。”其他人写道：“他可能会被严重杀害。
Am I bad for thinking that's pretty cool?"
我认为这很酷是不是很糟糕？”
What's your reaction to that?
你对此有何反应？
Yeawhatever Well, I think people come up with these hypothetical scenarios in their brain.
是的，无论如何，我认为人们会在大脑中想到这些假设场景。
I mean, honestly, Ira, you're in New York City, I assume, and you could get killed there.
我的意思是，老实说，艾拉，我想你在纽约市，你可能会在那里被杀。
I mean, people get killed everywhere every day.
我的意思是，每天到处都有人被杀。
I know, but you're specifically sending him to a place where there's violence and where there's warnings not to go there and you're putting him in a dangerous situation.
我知道，但你特意把他送到一个有暴力的地方，那里有警告不要去那里，你把他置于危险的境地。
Like, well, what if he did get killed?
就像，好吧，如果他真的被杀了怎么办？
I mean, do you fear that?
我的意思是，你害怕这个吗？
If that happened, would you feel like, oh, we went too far?
如果发生这种情况，你会不会觉得，哦，我们做得太过分了？
Well, I understand this is not going to make me the most popular guy in the world, but it wouldn't really bother me all that much to be honest with you.
好吧，我知道这不会让我成为世界上最受欢迎的人，但说实话，这不会让我感到那么困扰。
These guys are pure scum as far as I'm concerned.
这些人在我眼里就是纯粹的人渣。
And they don't have to go there.
他们不必去那里。
We just kind of put the bait out there and they went for it.
我们只是把诱饵放在那里，他们就上钩了。
These people think they're stealing from a church and stealing from humanitarian workers, so if they got killed, well, it's two less scammers in the world.
这些人认为他们从教堂偷东西，从人道主义工作者那里偷东西，所以如果他们被杀了，那么世界上就少了两个骗子。
And, Jojo, what do you think?
还有，乔乔，你觉得怎么样？
Jojo You know, I don't know that I would sleep greatly at night if I knew that, but I wouldn't feel responsible.
Jojo 你知道吗，我不知道如果我知道这一点，我晚上会睡得香甜，但我不会感到有责任。
I would feel like their greed led them there, that they chose to get up and go to Abeche.
我觉得他们的贪婪引导他们到了那里，他们选择起身前往阿贝歇。
But it wouldn't have-- if one of them were to get really, really hurt or killed, like, it wouldn't have happened except for you.
但它不会——如果他们中的一个真的真的受伤或被杀，就像，除了你之外，这不会发生。
It wouldn't have happened if it hadn't been for them.
如果没有他们，这一切就不会发生。
You seem to be taking that out of the equation.
您似乎将其排除在外。
It's their scamming, it's their falling for this and trying to rip us off that got them into it.
是他们的骗局，是他们的上当，并试图敲诈我们，才让他们卷入其中。
Of course, Adamu could say exactly the same thing about his victims, about the Americans who fall for his email scams, that it's their own greed, trying to snag millions from a Nigerian bank, that gets them into it.
当然，阿达姆可以对他的受害者、那些陷入他的电子邮件诈骗的美国人说同样的话，那就是他们自己的贪婪，试图从尼日利亚银行抢走数百万美元，才让他们陷入困境。
If at this point you're wondering why this is the cause that these three guys took as their own, why they feel so strongly about this particular issue versus all the possible injustices they could be fighting, they all say they just kind of fell into it.
如果此时你想知道为什么这三个人把这个原因视为自己的原因，为什么他们对这个特定问题如此强烈，而不是他们可能反对的所有可能的不公正，他们都说他们只是陷入了其中。
None of these guys has personally lost money in an email scam, though they all know about people who've lost lots of money.
这些人中没有一个人在电子邮件诈骗中损失过钱，尽管他们都知道有人损失了很多钱。
YeaWhatever says he talked to a guy in Florida who just lost his house, was in tears, asking for help, but nothing could be done for him.
不管怎么说，他和佛罗里达州一个刚刚失去房子的人交谈过，他流着泪寻求帮助，但无能为力。
Knowing that this radio story about them was going to be on the air in the last couple of days, they started talking, naturally, about the radio story on their discussion board.
知道有关他们的广播故事将在过去几天播出，他们自然地开始在讨论板上谈论广播故事。
YeaWhatever wrote, "I'm sure that we'll be painted to look like ass [BLEEP], but I am totally OK with that.
YeaWhatever 写道：“我确信我们会被画得像屁股[BLEEP]，但我对此完全同意。
We are ass [BLEEP]." Professor So And So agreed.
我们真是个混蛋[BLEEP]。”某某教授同意了。
"Big time ass [BLEEP]."
“大混蛋[BLEEP]。”
Professor So And So, by the way, is the only one of these three baiters who has ever had any second thoughts about anything they did in this bait, maybe because he's the least experienced.
顺便说一句，某某教授是这三个诱饵者中唯一一个对自己在这个诱饵中所做的任何事情都曾有过任何犹豫的人，也许是因为他经验最浅。
He's been baiting for less than a year.
他做诱饵还不到一年。
At first, Professor So And So says, he wasn't so sure that they should tell Adamu that his mom was dead.
某某教授说，一开始他不太确定他们应该告诉阿达姆他妈妈死了。
Well, it was interesting to really just kind of analyze as I was feeling.
嗯，按照我的感受进行分析确实很有趣。
It's like, why does that feel like that?
就像，为什么会有这样的感觉？
I mean, I knew it was something that I wanted to do, and I knew it was because it was really just-- I don't know.
我的意思是，我知道这是我想做的事情，而且我知道这是因为它真的只是——我不知道。
It was something that--
那是——
Sadistic?
虐待狂？
Professor So And So Yeah, I guess so.
某某教授 是的，我想是的。
I mean, it was a piece of psychological torture, that-- I think the feeling that he would have, you know, at that moment being so far and so isolated and so out of touch and, you know, at this point it was purely psychological, what we were doing.
我的意思是，这是一种心理折磨，我想他会有这样的感觉，你知道，在那一刻，他是如此遥远，如此孤立，如此脱节，你知道，在这一点上，这纯粹是心理上的，我们正在做的事情。
And then what made you then go ahead and do it if you had the hesitation?
如果你有犹豫的话，是什么让你继续去做呢？
Well, because the hesitation wasn't stronger than, I guess, the desire to leave him with that feeling for even a short period of time.
嗯，因为我想，这种犹豫并不比让他留下这种感觉更强烈的愿望，哪怕是很短的一段时间。
Not long after they told Adamu that his mother had died, he must have called home and learned the truth.
他们告诉阿达姆他母亲去世后不久，他一定打电话回家并了解了真相。
After that, the guys say, he seemed to understand that something fishy was going on.
伙计们说，在那之后，他似乎意识到有些可疑的事情发生了。
They lost contact with him.
他们与他失去了联系。
Pretty soon he managed to get home to Nigeria, which is where he is now back in business trying to do his email scams, which we know because Jojo is still in contact with him.
很快他就设法回到了尼日利亚的家，现在他又回到了尼日利亚，试图进行电子邮件诈骗，我们知道这一点是因为 Jojo 仍然与他保持联系。
Jojo's got a different bait going now.
乔乔现在有了不同的诱饵。
Jojo's posing this time as a single dad named Pancho Villa.
乔乔这次扮演的是一位名叫潘乔·维拉的单亲爸爸。
I just got an email from him today.
我今天刚收到他的电子邮件。
He's asking for his $10,000 fee.
他要求支付 10,000 美元的费用。
And I told him, I said, my daughter is very sick and she's in the hospital.
我告诉他，我说，我女儿病得很重，正在医院里。
I said, I either have the choice to pay my daughter's hospital bills and pay for her treatment or I can send the money to you.
我说，我可以选择支付我女儿的住院费和治疗费，或者我可以把钱寄给你。
Here's his response, "Let me advise you on the best possible things you should do.
他的回答是这样的：“让我建议你应该做的最好的事情。
Right now, I will advise you to go to the bank, withdraw the money in there, and take it to pay for the consignment fees first.
现在我建议你去银行把钱取出来，先用来支付托运费。
As soon as you pay this, you will use the rest of the money to pay the hospital bill."
一旦你付了这笔钱，你就可以用剩下的钱来支付医院的费用。”
So there he is.
所以他就在那里。
He thinks that there's a little girl dying, and his solution is no, no, send me the $10,000, let the girl die, and everything will be OK.
他认为有一个小女孩快要死了，他的解决办法是不，不，寄给我一万美元，让那个女孩死掉，然后一切都会好起来的。
Jojo says that when Adamu does stuff like this, it's easy not to feel sorry for him for what they did to him in Chad.
乔乔说，当阿达姆做这样的事情时，很容易不为他们在乍得对他所做的事情感到难过。
In the days since Jojo read me that email in the studio, Adamu started to suspect that Pancho Villa was a fake.
自从乔乔在工作室里读到我那封电子邮件后，阿达姆开始怀疑潘乔·维拉是假的。
He got furious and accused Pancho of being the same guy who'd screwed with him back in Chad.
他勃然大怒，指责潘乔就是在乍得和他搞砸的那个人。
He wrote an email saying, "Don't ever in your life email me again because you are a fraudster, old thief.
他写了一封电子邮件说：“你这辈子不要再给我发电子邮件了，因为你是个骗子，老贼。
You will die a shameful death.
你会死得很耻辱。
You're a criminal from the poorest country in Africa, Chad." In other words, he thinks Jojo lives in Chad.
你是来自非洲最贫穷国家乍得的罪犯。”换句话说，他认为乔乔住在乍得。
He thinks he's an African.
他认为他是非洲人。
And although he's got that detail wrong, when it comes to Adamu's bigger point, that everything that happened to him in Chad was at the hands of somebody exactly like himself, a fellow email scammer, somebody who tricks people and strings them along, on that point he's exactly right.
尽管他在这个细节上有误，但当涉及到阿达姆更重要的观点时，即他在乍得发生的一切都掌握在与他一模一样的人手中，一个电子邮件骗子同事，一个欺骗人们并欺骗他们的人，在这一点上他是完全正确的。
Coming up, the dirtiest-sounding financial thing you can do on Wall Street, and I am not talking about asset strippers.
接下来，你可以在华尔街做的听起来最肮脏的金融事情，我不是在谈论资产剥离者。
That's in a minute, from Chicago Public Radio and Public Radio International, when our program continues.
稍后，芝加哥公共广播电台和国际公共广播电台将继续我们的节目。
It's This American Life .
这就是美国生活。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Each week on our show, of course, we choose a theme and bring you a variety of different kinds of stories on that theme.
当然，我们的节目每周都会选择一个主题，并为您带来有关该主题的各种不同类型的故事。
Today's show, Enforcers.
今天的节目，执法者。
You know, enforcers come in two broad categories.
您知道，执法者分为两大类。
There are vigilantes and there are cops of one kind or another.
有治安维持者，也有这样或那样的警察。
And we're about to make a leap from one group to the other.
我们即将从一组飞跃到另一组。
We've arrived at act two of our show.
我们已经到了演出的第二幕了。
Act Two, Now You SEC Me, Now You Don't.
第二幕，现在你监视我，现在你不监视我。
For a long time now in America, whenever there's been a financial upheaval, a big financial crisis, the three different federal agencies that deal with the financial system have to figure out which of them, who is going to be the enforcer, who is going to step in and fix things.
长期以来，在美国，每当出现金融动荡、重大金融危机时，处理金融体系的三个不同的联邦机构都必须弄清楚其中的哪一个，谁将成为执行者，谁将介入并解决问题。
But in the recent financial turmoil we've been going through in this country, including the news this week about Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, Alex Blumberg reports that one of the three guys supposedly in charge of policing our economy has been notably absent.
但在我们国家最近经历的金融动荡中，包括本周有关房利美和房地美的新闻，亚历克斯·布隆伯格报道说，据称负责监管我们经济的三个人之一明显缺席。
The chairman of the SEC, the Securities and Exchange Commission, is often referred to as Wall Street's top cop.
美国证券交易委员会（SEC）主席通常被称为华尔街的顶级警察。
And this past year, a year in which the global financial system seemed perpetually on the verge of collapse, a collapse due in large part to complex, unprecedented, and, as we now know, extremely risky financial products created and sold on Wall Street, you might expect to be hearing a lot from Wall Street's main enforcer.
在过去的一年里，全球金融体系似乎永远处于崩溃的边缘，崩溃在很大程度上是由于华尔街创造和销售的复杂、史无前例且风险极高的金融产品造成的，你可能会听到华尔街主要执行者的很多声音。
But Christopher Cox, the current chairman of the SEC, has been noticeably absent from any public house cleaning.
但美国证券交易委员会现任主席克里斯托弗·考克斯(Christopher Cox)明显缺席任何酒吧清洁工作。
Instead, it's been two other government officials who've done the heavy lifting, the Chairman of the Fed, Ben Bernanke, and of course, the Secretary of the Treasury, Henry Paulson, who's been all over television this past week talking about the most recent crisis, the bailout of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
相反，承担这项重任的是另外两名政府官员，即美联储主席本·伯南克，当然还有财政部长亨利·保尔森。上周，保尔森在电视上大肆谈论最近的危机，即对房利美和房地美的救助。
These three men have made regular and frequent appearances before various House and Senate banking and finance committees, the three horsemen of the financial apocalypse.
这三人经常频繁出现在众议院和参议院的银行和金融委员会面前，他们是金融灾难的三骑士。
But Christopher Cox can sometimes seem like less a third horseman and more a third wheel.
但克里斯托弗·考克斯有时看起来不像是第三个骑手，而更像是第三个轮子。
Witness a June 23rd article on the front page of the Wall Street Journal, titled "SEC Chief Under Fire As Fed Seeks Bigger Wall Street Role." The article starts off by describing a 5:00 AM conference call that took place in March between the country's top financial regulators.
《华尔街日报》头版 6 月 23 日发表了一篇题为“美联储寻求在华尔街发挥更大作用，美国证券交易委员会主席受到攻击”的文章。文章首先描述了 3 月份凌晨 5:00 该国最高金融监管机构之间举行的电话会议。
The topic of the phone call was what to do about the investment bank, Bear Stearns, which was about to collapse and possibly set in motion a global financial meltdown.
电话的主题是如何应对即将倒闭并可能引发全球金融危机的投资银行贝尔斯登。
The article describes the events after the phone call this way, quote, "When they were done, the Treasury Secretary informed the President.
文章这样描述了电话后发生的事情，并引用：“事情完成后，财政部长通知了总统。
The head of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York called Bear Stearns.
纽约联邦储备银行行长致电贝尔斯登。
Christopher Cox, Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, didn't call anyone." Though the SEC was Bear Stearns regulator, he didn't take part in the meeting.
美国证券交易委员会主席克里斯托弗·考克斯没有给任何人打电话。”尽管SEC是贝尔斯登的监管者，但他没有参加这次会议。
In an interview, Mr. Cox said, the time of the call changed overnight and no one told him.
考克斯在接受采访时表示，通话时间一夜之间就变了，没有人告诉他。
The article goes on to describe how the next night Cox missed the negotiations over what to do with Bear Stearns because he was at a birthday party.
文章接着描述了第二天晚上考克斯如何因为参加生日聚会而错过了关于如何处理贝尔斯登的谈判。
And how the day after that, he missed another conference call announcing the sale of Bear Stearns.
第二天，他错过了另一场宣布出售贝尔斯登的电话会议。
The following weekend, he left town on a family vacation.
接下来的周末，他离开小镇去家庭度假。
So this was the backdrop in July, when the various crises gripping Wall Street and the nation's financial system suddenly took yet another turn for the worse.
这就是七月份的背景，当时华尔街和国家金融体系面临的各种危机突然再次恶化。
And Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac entered the stage for the first time.
房利美和房地美首次登台亮相。
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, despite having names that a child might give to a puppy, are-- well, were-- two of the most important financial institutions in the American economy.
房利美和房地美尽管有一个孩子可能给小狗起的名字，但它们是——好吧，曾经是——美国经济中最重要的两个金融机构。
They are involved in roughly 70% of the mortgages issued in the US today.
目前美国发行的抵押贷款中约有 70% 是由它们参与的。
If they collapsed, the housing market would come to an effective standstill, which is why, rather than let that happen, the government took them over last weekend.
如果它们崩溃，房地产市场将陷入有效停滞，这就是为什么政府不让这种情况发生，而是在上周末接管它们。
But back in July, when this story takes place, the failure of Fannie and Freddie had just started to seem like a possibility.
但早在七月，当这个故事发生时，房利美和房地美的失败才刚刚开始看起来有可能。
Their stock price was tanking, had lost over 60% of its value in just one week.
他们的股价暴跌，短短一周内就下跌了 60% 以上。
And so the government was trying to figure out what to do.
因此政府正试图弄清楚该怎么做。
Chairman Cox.
主席考克斯.
Christopher Cox Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman, Senator Shelby and members of the committee for this opportunity to describe the SEC's actions to deal with the recent developments in our financial markets.
Christopher Cox 非常感谢主席先生、参议员谢尔比和委员会成员给我这个机会描述 SEC 为应对金融市场近期发展而采取的行动。
This is Chairman Cox testifying before the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs.
这是考克斯主席在参议院银行、住房和城市事务委员会作证。
Now, at this meeting, he's announcing his very first emergency action of this entire economic crisis.
现在，在这次会议上，他宣布了针对整个经济危机的第一个紧急行动。
In fact, it's the only emergency action he's taken as SEC chairman.
事实上，这是他作为 SEC 主席采取的唯一紧急行动。
It's his first and boldest step onto the national stage as an enforcer.
这是他作为执法者踏上国家舞台的第一步，也是最大胆的一步。
On this day, he's announcing an order aimed at stopping a particular Wall Street practice, a practice with a provocative name.
这一天，他宣布了一项旨在停止华尔街特定做法的命令，这种做法的名称颇具挑衅性。
Today the commission will issue an order designed to enhance protections against naked short selling in the securities of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
今天，该委员会将发布一项命令，旨在加强对房利美和房地美证券裸卖空的保护。
You probably don't know what naked short selling is.
你可能不知道什么是裸卖空。
I certainly didn't.
我当然没有。
And to understand it, you have to understand its upstanding cousin, regular short selling.
要理解它，你必须了解它的堂兄——定期卖空。
Now, regular short selling is perfectly legal and incredibly common.
现在，定期卖空是完全合法的，而且非常普遍。
It's just a way of making money if you think a stock price is about to go down in value.
如果您认为股票价格即将下跌，这只是一种赚钱的方式。
Here's how it works.
这是它的工作原理。
Say I think IBM is headed for a fall.
假设我认为 IBM 正在走向衰落。
I find someone who owns a whole bunch of IBM stock, and I say to that person, can I borrow 1,000 shares.
我找到一个拥有大量 IBM 股票的人，我对那个人说，我可以借 1,000 股吗？
The person says, fine, and lends me the shares, which I immediately sell on the market.
那人说，好吧，然后把股票借给我，我立即在市场上出售。
Later, maybe a couple of hours or days or weeks, I go back on the market, buy back the 1,000 shares of IBM and return them to my lender.
之后，也许几个小时、几天或几周后，我会回到市场，回购 1,000 股 IBM 股票并将其返还给我的贷方。
If I'm right and the stock has gone down, then I've made money.
如果我是对的并且股票下跌了，那么我就赚钱了。
I sold for, say, $10 a share, but bought back at $5 a share.
比如说，我以每股 10 美元的价格出售，但以每股 5 美元的价格回购。
I pay the lender a small fee and I get to keep the difference.
我向贷方支付少量费用，然后保留差额。
It's pretty straightforward, and happens millions of times a day on Wall Street.
这种情况非常简单，而且在华尔街每天都会发生数百万次。
It gets confusing, as things so often do, when you get to the naked part.
当你接触到裸体部分时，就像事情经常发生的那样，它会变得令人困惑。
Everyone I talked to initially about this story explained it to me this way.
最初与我谈论这个故事的每个人都这样向我解释。
Naked short selling, they said, is the same as regular short selling, except that you don't actually borrow the stock first.
他们说，裸卖空与常规卖空相同，只是你实际上并不先借入股票。
But that doesn't make any sense.
但这没有任何意义。
How can I sell something that I haven't borrowed?
我怎样才能卖掉我没有借过的东西？
My name is Jim Coffman.
我叫吉姆·科夫曼。
I'm retired from the Securities and Exchange Commission.
我从证券交易委员会退休了。
I used to run investigations in the enforcement division there.
我曾经在那里的执法部门进行过调查。
26, almost 27 years.
26岁，快27岁了。
Alex Blumberg OK.
亚历克斯·布隆伯格 好的。
This is the thing that I think that's hard for civilians to understand, is when you short sell, you borrow the stock from somebody, you sell it at the current price, you wait for the price to go down, you buy it back, and then you give the stock back to who you borrowed it from.
这是我认为普通人很难理解的事情，就是当你卖空时，你向某人借股票，你以当前价格卖出，你等待价格下跌，你买回来，然后你把股票还给你借的人。
When you naked short sell, you haven't borrowed the stock yet.
当你裸卖空时，你还没有借入股票。
That's right.
这是正确的。
Alex Blumberg What are you selling?
亚历克斯·布隆伯格 你卖什么？
You're selling the stock.
你正在卖股票。
Alex Blumberg But you don't have the stock.
Alex Blumberg 但你没有库存。
It doesn't matter.
没关系。
It would be no different, in many respects, than selling a car that you don't own.
在很多方面，这与出售一辆你不拥有的汽车没有什么不同。
You get the money, you put it in your pocket, and you don't deliver the car.
你拿到钱，把它放进你的口袋里，然后你不交付汽车。
In some circumstances that would be considered-- that is, selling an item you don't own would be considered a criminal activity.
在某些情况下，这将被视为犯罪活动，也就是说，出售不属于您的物品将被视为犯罪活动。
That's not true in the stock market.
但在股票市场上情况并非如此。
And why is that not true in the stock market?
为什么在股票市场上却不是这样呢？
Uh.
呃。
To paraphrase a presidential candidate, that's not in my pay grade.
用总统候选人的话来说，这不属于我的薪资等级。
It turns out that naked short selling is one of those crazy corners of the financial system that when you come upon it for the first time, you can't believe it actually works that way.
事实证明，裸卖空是金融体系中那些疯狂的角落之一，当你第一次接触它时，你无法相信它实际上是这样运作的。
The whole thing started back when stocks were actual paper slips that stock boys ran back and forth across Wall Street in wheelbarrows.
整个事情要追溯到股票还只是股票男孩推着独轮车在华尔街来回跑的纸条的时候。
In those days, if I called my broker and I said I wanted to short a stock, my broker would pour himself a scotch and say, I see, old man, have you borrowed it yet?
在那些日子里，如果我打电话给我的经纪人，说我想卖空一只股票，我的经纪人会给自己倒一杯苏格兰威士忌，然后说，我明白了，老兄，你借了吗？
And I'd say, no, not yet, but when I do, I'll have my boy run it over in a wheelbarrow.
我会说，不，还没有，但是当我这样做时，我会让我的儿子用独轮车碾过它。
And then my broker would say, well, fine then, old chap.
然后我的经纪人会说，好吧，老伙计。
I'll go ahead and sell it.
我会继续卖掉它。
Despite the fact that everything is done on computer today, that old system is still more or less in place, meaning it's still possible to call my broker and have him sell shares that I don't own and haven't borrowed and have the money still show up in my account.
尽管今天一切都是在计算机上完成的，但旧系统或多或少仍然存在，这意味着仍然可以打电话给我的经纪人，让他出售我不拥有且未借入的股票，并且钱仍然显示在我的帐户中。
And whoever bought the phantom shares I sold has those shares credited to their account.
无论谁购买了我出售的虚拟股票，这些股票都会记入他们的账户。
Then something called the clearing and settlement system gets stuck with the headache of following up on it all.
然后，所谓的清算和结算系统就会因为跟进这一切而陷入困境。
If the shares that I sold continue not to show up for three days, the settlement and clearing system declares what's called a fail to deliver.
如果我卖出的股票连续三天没有出现，结算和清算系统就会宣布所谓的交割失败。
The buyer still owns the stock that never really existed, and I still keep the money from the sale of the stock that never really existed.
买家仍然拥有从未真正存在过的股票，而我仍然保留着出售从未真正存在过的股票所获得的资金。
The only one who's harangued is my broker.
唯一一个长篇大论的人是我的经纪人。
The clearing agent contacts the seller's broker and says, you have a fail here, and tells them that, you know, they need to settle that up in x number of days.
清算代理联系卖方经纪人并说，你在这里遇到了失败，并告诉他们，你知道，他们需要在 x 天之内解决这个问题。
I think it's 13 days or something like that.
我认为是 13 天或类似的时间。
The broker may or may not do that.
经纪人可能会也可能不会这样做。
If the broker doesn't do that, they'll continue to get nasty calls and nasty letters, but that's about the size of it.
如果经纪人不这样做，他们将继续接到令人讨厌的电话和令人讨厌的信件，但也仅此而已。
And some brokers, depending on the nature of the broker and depending on the importance of the customer who has sold the shares short to that broker, may or may not bother to obtain shares and deliver them out.
一些经纪人，根据经纪人的性质以及向该经纪人卖空股票的客户的重要性，可能会也可能不会费心去获取股票并将其交付。
Here's the thing, though.
不过，事情是这样的。
Most fails, the vast majority, eventually do clear, and the ones that don't are just a tiny fraction of the total market, where over a billion shares can trade every day.
大多数都失败了，绝大多数最终都成功了，而那些没有成功的只占整个市场的一小部分，每天有超过十亿股的股票在这个市场上交易。
In the 20-plus years that Jim Coffman worked at the SEC, he did investigate and even bring enforcement actions against naked short sellers.
吉姆·考夫曼 (Jim Coffman) 在 SEC 工作的 20 多年里，他确实对裸卖空者进行了调查，甚至采取了执法行动。
But it was for the most part, he says, a fringe activity that took place in the markets murkier corners.
但他表示，这在很大程度上是一种边缘活动，发生在市场阴暗的角落。
To Jim Coffman, the notion that naked short selling by itself could bring down multi-billion dollar companies, like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, just doesn't make sense.
对于吉姆·科夫曼来说，裸卖空本身可能会导致房利美和房地美等价值数十亿美元的公司倒闭的想法毫无意义。
Was there naked short selling in those entities?
这些实体是否存在裸卖空？
I have little doubt that there probably was, but it was far, far, far from being the primary cause for the decline in the prices of those securities.
我毫不怀疑可能存在这种情况，但这远非这些证券价格下跌的主要原因。
And so it was mystifying to Jim Coffman and all sorts of people who follow the SEC that several days after testifying on Capitol Hill, Chairman Cox made good on the promise to go after naked short selling, and came out with his promised emergency order preventing it.
因此，令吉姆·科夫曼和所有关注美国证券交易委员会的人士感到困惑的是，在国会山作证几天后，考克斯主席兑现了追究裸卖空的承诺，并发布了他承诺的紧急命令来阻止这种行为。
The emergency order was unusual, because instead of banning naked short selling across the board, Cox outlawed the practice only when it came to the stock of 19 specific companies, which he listed in the order.
这项紧急命令不同寻常，因为考克斯并没有全面禁止裸卖空，而是仅在涉及他在命令中列出的 19 家特定公司的股票时才宣布这种做法为非法。
There's Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and 17 banks and brokerages, like Merrill Lynch and Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley and a bunch of other big names on Wall Street.
其中包括房利美 (Fannie Mae) 和房地美 (Freddie Mac) 以及美林 (Merrill Lynch)、高盛 (Goldman Sachs) 和摩根士丹利 (Morgan Stanley) 等 17 家银行和经纪公司，以及华尔街的许多其他知名公司。
And it was only a temporary ban lasting less than a month.
而且这只是一个为期不到一个月的临时禁令。
Lynn Turner was a chief accountant at the SEC for over 25 years.
Lynn Turner 在 SEC 担任首席会计师超过 25 年。
He's retired now, but he recalls how mystified he was when he heard about the order for the first time.
他现在已经退休了，但他回忆起第一次听到这个命令时他是多么的困惑。
I recall it because I was actually over in Utah fly fishing with a bunch of other people who had been at the SEC, and I think we were all somewhat amazed by the whole situation.
我记得这件事是因为我实际上在犹他州和一群曾在 SEC 工作过的其他人一起飞钓，我想我们都对整个情况感到有些惊讶。
But certainly, it was talked a lot around the dinner table.
但可以肯定的是，这件事在餐桌上被谈论了很多。
It seemed to be strange that the SEC would be taking this particular path to trying to deal with the subprime crisis, when obviously there were other bigger issues out there.
当显然还有其他更大的问题存在时，美国证券交易委员会会采取这种特殊的方式来试图应对次贷危机，这似乎很奇怪。
The SEC was just dealing with what seemed to be almost a sideshow of naked short selling.
美国证券交易委员会只是在处理一场看似赤裸裸卖空的余兴表演。
First of all, says Lynn, naked short selling was already basically illegal.
林恩说，首先，裸卖空基本上已经是非法的。
A regulation passed in 2004 by the SEC required brokers to have a commitment to borrow shares before they sold them on the market.
美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 2004 年通过的一项法规要求经纪人承诺在市场上出售股票之前借入股票。
In addition, the SEC had the power to investigate all those fails to deliver.
此外，美国证券交易委员会有权调查所有未能兑现承诺的人。
They could track down the people who didn't deliver the stock and prosecute them under existing law.
他们可以追踪那些没有交付股票的人，并根据现行法律起诉他们。
And if you really wanted to further tighten regulations, there were much better ways of going about it.
如果你真的想进一步收紧监管，还有更好的方法。
You could simply adopt a rule here that said, on the date you sell these shares short, you've got to deliver the shares, just like when you buy shares, someone has to deliver to you on that day when you go long.
你可以简单地采用一条规则，即在你卖空这些股票的当天，你必须交付股票，就像你买股票时，当你做多的那一天，有人必须向你交付股票。
It is a very simple, common sense fix.
这是一个非常简单、符合常识的修复方法。
And I see no reason that the SEC couldn't do it, and I think it's a lot better than all of a sudden trying to come out with exemptive orders that apply to just 19 companies.
我认为 SEC 没有理由不这样做，而且我认为这比突然试图出台仅适用于 19 家公司的豁免令要好得多。
And this was the strangest thing of all.
这是最奇怪的事情。
If naked short selling is bad, then presumably it's bad for everyone.
如果裸卖空不好，那么可能对每个人都不好。
Why protect just 19 companies while leaving the rest of the corporate world exposed to this alleged danger?
为什么只保护 19 家公司，而让其他企业面临这种所谓的危险？
The SEC wouldn't talk to me for this story.
美国证券交易委员会不会就这个故事与我交谈。
They directed me to an op-ed that Chairman Cox had written, trying to explain his actions to a confused and skeptical public.
他们引导我阅读考克斯主席撰写的一篇专栏文章，试图向困惑和持怀疑态度的公众解释他的行为。
In it he writes this, quote "The emergency order is not a response to unbridled naked short selling, which so far has not occurred.
他在其中写道：“紧急命令并不是对无节制的裸卖空的回应，迄今为止这种情况尚未发生。
Rather, it is intended as a preventative step to help restore market confidence at a time when that is sorely needed."
相反，它的目的是作为一种预防措施，以在迫切需要的时候帮助恢复市场信心。”
In other words, he singled out 19 companies for protection from an already illegal practice that hadn't actually happened.
换句话说，他挑选了 19 家公司来保护其免受实际上并未发生的非法行为的影响。
How that's supposed to protect market confidence, he doesn't explain.
他没有解释这将如何保护市场信心。
Here's Lynn Turner.
请听林恩·特纳的报道。
You've just got to wonder whether-- you know, what was the real motive here?
你只是想知道是否——你知道，这里的真正动机是什么？
And I think the real motive was not so much to protect the markets, and not so much to protect the average investor, but to protect particular companies.
我认为真正的动机并不是为了保护市场，也不是为了保护普通投资者，而是为了保护特定的公司。
And when you've got the regulator trying to protect particular companies and deciding who can or who cannot trade, that's no longer a free market.
当监管机构试图保护特定公司并决定谁可以或谁不能交易时，那就不再是自由市场了。
There's another way of looking at all of this, the way, presumably, Christopher Cox is looking at it, that this is, in fact, just the help the free market needs.
还有另一种看待这一切的方式，大概是克里斯托弗·考克斯看待它的方式，事实上，这正是自由市场所需要的帮助。
This is an extraordinary time, this argument goes, and it calls for extraordinary measures.
这种观点认为，这是一个非常时期，需要采取非常措施。
These 19 companies are so central to the operation of the global financial system that they deserve special treatment.
这 19 家公司对于全球金融体系的运作至关重要，值得特殊对待。
The stakes are too high to let them fail, and we can't trust the market to ensure that they won't.
让他们失败的风险太高，我们不能相信市场会确保他们不会失败。
But the problem is that's totally inconsistent with Cox's philosophy up until this point.
但问题是，到目前为止，这与考克斯的哲学完全不一致。
If Chairman Cox had wanted to step in with the power of government, the last couple of years have presented ample opportunities that arguably would have been much less intrusive and that would have had the added benefit of fixing some of the problems that got us here in the first place.
如果考克斯主席想利用政府的力量介入，过去几年提供了充足的机会，可以说这些机会的侵入性要小得多，而且还会带来额外的好处，可以解决我们首先遇到的一些问题。
For example, says Jim Coffman, the former SEC investigator, it's a basic principle of economics that the market works best when buyers and sellers have good information about what's being bought and sold.
例如，美国证券交易委员会前调查员吉姆·考夫曼（Jim Coffman）表示，经济学的基本原则是，当买家和卖家对买卖的商品有充分的信息时，市场才能发挥最佳作用。
But because of accounting loopholes, companies can keep potentially damaging information off their balance sheets, hidden from investors.
但由于会计漏洞，公司可以将潜在的破坏性信息保留在资产负债表之外，对投资者隐藏。
And the fact is there wasn't accurate and complete information in the marketplace, because the SEC didn't require them to disclose that information.
事实上，市场上没有准确和完整的信息，因为 SEC 没有要求他们披露这些信息。
So instead of requiring the disclosure of information that would remove the uncertainty from the marketplace and make it much easier for people to price securities fairly, the commission banned naked short selling.
因此，该委员会并没有要求披露信息来消除市场的不确定性，让人们更容易公平地定价证券，而是禁止裸卖空。
Another issue, says former SEC Chief Accountant Lynn Turner, is the credit rating agencies.
美国证券交易委员会前首席会计师林恩·特纳表示，另一个问题是信用评级机构。
OK, again, a little explanation.
好吧，再次解释一下。
Credit rating agencies, as their name suggests, rate things, bonds and securities and specifically for our story, a type of security called a CDO, which is the thing that set in motion this entire financial crisis.
信用评级机构，顾名思义，对债券和证券进行评级，特别是在我们的故事中，一种称为 CDO 的证券，它是引发整个金融危机的东西。
Now, Wall Street created these CDOs, and it wanted the credit rating agencies to give them high ratings, in essence, to declare them safe for investors.
现在，华尔街创建了这些 CDO，并希望信用评级机构给予它们高评级，本质上是为了宣布它们对投资者来说是安全的。
The problem is, A, they weren't safe, and, B, the rating agencies were paid by the same Wall Street firms whose securities they were rating, a clear conflict of interest.
问题是，A，它们不安全，B，评级机构的报酬是由他们对证券进行评级的同一家华尔街公司支付的，这是明显的利益冲突。
So if a Wall Street firm doesn't like the rating one agency gives it, it can just switch to another agency.
因此，如果华尔街公司不喜欢一家机构给予它的评级，它可以转向另一家机构。
And during the housing bubble, when lots and lots of these securities were being created, there was a ton of money to be made, a huge incentive for the rating agencies to give high ratings.
在房地产泡沫期间，当大量此类证券被创建时，可以赚到大量资金，这极大地激励评级机构给予高评级。
And the rating agencies were pulling in record amounts of money.
评级机构的资金投入创历史新高。
In a hearing-- I believe it was the spring time-- Chairman Cox from the SEC was questioned about that by Senator Shelby from Alabama and Senator Jack Reed from Rhode Island.
在一场听证会上——我相信那是春天——美国证券交易委员会主席考克斯接受了阿拉巴马州参议员谢尔比和罗德岛州参议员杰克·里德的质询。
And they asked the Chairman during the testimony, wouldn't he like to have legislation that would fix that and would give him the additional powers to be able to change those policies and procedures or demand changes in them when appropriate?
他们在作证期间问主席，他难道不希望通过立法来解决这个问题，并赋予他额外的权力，以便能够改变这些政策和程序，或者在适当的时候要求对其进行修改吗？
And to that Chairman Cox responded, no.
对此，考克斯主席的回答是：不。
I think the point that you do not feel the statute gives you the authority to examine the substance of the credit ratings or the procedures and methodologies, would you want that authority given the situation we've seen in the marketplace?
我认为，您认为法规没有赋予您审查信用评级的实质内容或程序和方法的权力，考虑到我们在市场上看到的情况，您是否希望获得这种权力？
No, Mr. Chairman, at this juncture it's my judgment that you and the Congress have struck a sound balance.
不，主席先生，目前我的判断是你和国会已经达成了良好的平衡。
And I think it just basically astounded the two senators, and I think most people, if they were aware of that, would be astounded by it as well.
我认为这基本上让两位参议员感到震惊，而且我认为大多数人，如果他们意识到这一点，也会对此感到震惊。
They were basically saying, we will write you whatever legislation you need to go after this problem.
他们基本上是说，我们会写信给你解决这个问题所需的任何立法。
Yes, that's exactly right.
是的，完全正确。
Mr. Chairman It seems to me, too, you have to have an interest that these agencies are consistently producing credit ratings with integrity.
主席先生 在我看来，您也必须对这些机构始终如一地诚信地提供信用评级感兴趣。
And how do you accomplish that unless you're able to go in and look at the substance of their procedures and methodologies?
除非您能够深入了解他们的程序和方法的实质内容，否则您如何实现这一目标？
Well, as I say, I think that you and the Congress have struck the proper balance here, because--
好吧，正如我所说，我认为你和国会在这里取得了适当的平衡，因为——
Well, at least in terms of discussion, that's on the table.
嗯，至少在讨论方面，这是摆在桌面上的。
Yes, of course.
是的当然。
Alex Blumberg At another point during this hearing, Senator Reed asks Chairman Cox whether he needs more money for enforcement.
亚历克斯·布隆伯格（Alex Blumberg） 在听证会的另一时刻，参议员里德询问考克斯主席是否需要更多资金来执行。
Again, the chairman declines.
主席再次拒绝。
Do you feel, Mr. Chairman, that the amount that you're going to be given here is enough resources to effectively oversee the securities markets?
主席先生，您是否认为这里将给予您的资源足以有效监督证券市场？
And if not, would you share with the committee what you believe you're going to need?
如果没有，您会与委员会分享您认为您需要的东西吗？
I think overall the nearly billion dollars that Congress has provided us in the latest budget is ample.
我认为总体而言国会在最新预算中为我们提供的近十亿美元是充足的。
The ranking Republican on this committee, Richard Shelby, is a recipient of the Spirit of Enterprise Award from the US Chamber of Commerce, a man very easily described as a pro-business, anti-regulation conservative.
该委员会的资深共和党人理查德·谢尔比（Richard Shelby）是美国商会企业精神奖的获得者，他很容易被描述为亲商业、反监管的保守派。
But the current financial turmoil has made those old labels a little unreliable, which in turn has made things like Senate banking subcommittee hearings very odd affairs, where you can be treated to the strange spectacle of one pro-business Republican, Richard Shelby, arguing with another pro-business Republican, Christopher Cox, about the need for stronger regulation and enforcement of the markets.
但当前的金融动荡让这些旧标签变得有点不可靠，这反过来又让参议院银行业小组委员会听证会等事情变得非常奇怪，你可以看到一位亲商界共和党人理查德·谢尔比与另一位亲商界共和党人克里斯托弗·考克斯就加强市场监管和执行的必要性进行争论的奇怪景象。
It's especially strange, because the one arguing against this regulation is the chief regulator.
这尤其奇怪，因为反对这一规定的人是主要监管者。
Here's Senator Shelby laying down the law.
这是谢尔比参议员制定的法律。
I hope that you, in your leadership with the other commissioners, will do the job that needs to be done.
我希望你在与其他委员的领导下，做好需要完成的工作。
We're at a crisis here.
我们这里正处于危机之中。
If the SEC's not going to do the job, somebody else will have to do the job.
如果美国证券交易委员会不打算做这项工作，那么其他人就必须做这项工作。
Christopher Cox, like a lot of people in government these days, has an ideological opposition to government regulation.
克里斯托弗·考克斯和当今政府中的许多人一样，在意识形态上反对政府监管。
The market, in his view, will correct itself.
在他看来，市场将会自我修正。
Credit rating agencies with bad ratings, for example, will eventually go out of business.
例如，评级不佳的信用评级机构最终将倒闭。
Essentially, he trusts the market to get things right more than he trusts the government.
从本质上讲，他更相信市场能够把事情做好，而不是相信政府。
He holds that view almost across the board, except when it comes to 19 banks and brokerages on Wall Street.
除了涉及华尔街 19 家银行和券商外，他几乎对所有方面都持有这一观点。
But in this case, he should have trusted his instincts, because the government intervention did indeed botch the job.
但在这种情况下，他应该相信自己的直觉，因为政府的干预确实搞砸了工作。
When Cox's emergency order expired in mid-August, the stock prices for most of the companies he was trying to protect were actually lower than when the order first went into effect.
当考克斯的紧急命令于8月中旬到期时，他试图保护的大多数公司的股价实际上低于该命令首次生效时的价格。
And we all know what happened to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
我们都知道房利美和房地美发生了什么事。
Alex Blumberg.
亚历克斯·布隆伯格。
He's one of the producers of our program.
他是我们节目的制作人之一。
His story is going to be on NPR'S new Planet Money podcast, which came about after our Global Pool of Money show, the show that Alex did on the mortgage crisis with NPR's Adam Davidson.
他的故事将出现在 NPR 的新 Planet Money 播客上，该播客是在我们的 Global Pool of Money 节目之后推出的，该节目是 Alex 与 NPR 的 Adam Davidson 一起制作的关于抵押贷款危机的节目。
They're doing a couple new stories a week in the spirit of that show, the Planet Money podcast.
他们每周都会本着该节目《金钱星球》播客的精神制作几个新故事。
To find that, go to npr.org/money.
要找到该信息，请访问 npr.org/money。
This song, by the way, is called "I Go Chop Your Dollar," very popular, apparently, among some of the email scammers in Nigeria, which is where the song comes from.
顺便说一句，这首歌叫做“I Go Chop Your Dollar”，显然在尼日利亚的一些电子邮件诈骗者中非常受欢迎，这也是这首歌的来源。
Well, our show is produced today by Robyn Semien and Nancy Updike with Alex Blumberg, Jane Feltes, Sarah Koenig, Lisa Pollak, and Alissa Shipp.
今天我们的节目由 Robyn Semien 和 Nancy Updike 以及 Alex Blumberg、Jane Feltes、Sarah Koenig、Lisa Pollak 和 Alissa Shipp 制作。
Our senior producer is Julie Snyder.
我们的高级制片人是朱莉·斯奈德。
Adrianne Mathiowetz runs our website.
阿德琳娜·马修韦茨 (Adrianne Mathiowetz) 负责运营我们的网站。
Production help from Seth Lind and PJ Vogt.
Seth Lind 和 PJ Vogt 提供制作帮助。
Music help from Jessica Hopper.
杰西卡·霍珀的音乐帮助。
[ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS] Joe Kocur's book about life as a hockey enforcer is called The Bruise Brothers , available only at immortalinvestments.com.
[致谢] Joe Kocur 的书名为《The Bruise Brothers》，讲述了曲棍球执法者的生活，仅在 immortalinvestments.com 上有售。
To read the full, incredible day-by-day account of baiting Adamu with maps and photos and audio recordings, you can go to 419eater.com, or just follow the link from our website, www.thisamericanlife.org.
要阅读有关用地图、照片和录音诱饵 Adamu 的完整、令人难以置信的日常报道，您可以访问 419eater.com，或者只需点击我们网站 www.thisamericanlife.org 中的链接即可。
This American Life is distributed by Public Radio International.
《美国生活》由国际公共广播电台发行。
[FUNDING CREDITS] WBEZ management over sight by our boss Mr. Torey Malatia.
[资金来源] WBEZ 的管理由我们的老板 Torey Malatia 先生负责。
When we forgot to pick him up to go to the Emmy awards ceremony, where we are up for five, yes, five Emmys, he called to say,
当我们忘记接他去参加艾美奖颁奖典礼时，我们将获得五个，是的，五个艾美奖，他打电话说：
I've been trying to call this number for two hours.
我已经尝试拨打这个号码两个小时了。
I'm in traffic right now.
我现在堵车了。
I am in traffic.
我正在交通中。
I'm on my way back now.
我现在正在回来的路上。
I'm leaving.
我要走了。
And damn it, I'm crotchety.
该死的，我脾气暴躁。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Back next week with more stories of This American Life.
下周我们将带来更多《美国生活》的故事。
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。