249: Garbage - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #249 | September 2, 2005 249: Garbage Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 249 集 | 2005 年 9 月 2 日 249：垃圾 注意：《美国生活》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.
如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue Ira Glass It's like uncovering a vast secret conspiracy, but one that is right there in front of your eyes.
序言 Ira Glass 这就像揭露一个巨大的秘密阴谋，但它就在你眼前。
5:30 in the morning.
早上5点30分。
It's still dark outside.
外面天还黑着。
And I'm on my way to record some New York City garbage men on their morning route.
我正在去记录一些纽约市垃圾工早上的路线。
And the person I'm with, this anthropologist from New York University named Robin Nagle, who's spent years studying how New York City moves its trash.
和我在一起的人是纽约大学的人类学家罗宾·内格尔（Robin Nagle），他花了数年时间研究纽约市如何移动垃圾。
She points to a set of buildings-- these huge, corrugated metal barns-- right on the waterfront at 59th street.
她指着第 59 街海滨的一组建筑——这些巨大的波纹状金属谷仓。
This is where the garbage trucks for the island of Manhattan come to dump paper onto barges to be taken away.
这里是曼哈顿岛的垃圾车将纸张倾倒到驳船上运走的地方。
I've seen photographs of this as a dumping point-- this exact location-- back dating to the 1890s, when it was wooden planks and horse-drawn carts, dumping directly into scows, where men were waiting with rakes to rake the garbage, which was usually steaming, because it often included ashes and things.
我见过这里作为倾倒点的照片——这个确切的位置——可以追溯到 1890 年代，当时是木板和马车，直接倾倒到垃圾堆里，人们拿着耙子等着清理垃圾，这些垃圾通常冒着热气，因为里面经常含有灰烬和其他东西。
And men died by falling off the scows, or getting kicked in the head by the horses, or falling through rotten boards in the planks.
人们要么从船上掉下来，要么被马踢到头部，要么从木板上的腐烂的木板里掉下来而死。
There are no signs-- nothing to indicate that this is part of city government-- except for one city seal that is actually too faded to read.
没有任何迹象——没有任何迹象表明这是市政府的一部分——除了一枚实际上褪色得难以辨认的城市印章。
Which is not unusual.
这并不罕见。
You'll see a lot of sanitation facilities-- there's no name over the door, there's nothing telling you it's a sanitation facility.
你会看到很多卫生设施——门上没有名字，没有任何东西告诉你这是一个卫生设施。
The perception of sanitation in the public's eye is generally not great, and so it's easier if they can go below radar.
公众对卫生状况的看法通常不太好，因此如果他们能够避开雷达，情况会更容易。
On maps of the city, you can see these piers, but it's not labeled what they are.
在城市地图上，您可以看到这些码头，但没有标明它们是什么。
Just like Fresh Kills on Staten Island, the largest landfill on the planet, for years has appeared on maps as a public park.
就像地球上最大的垃圾填埋场史泰登岛的 Fresh Kills 一样，多年来一直作为公园出现在地图上。
People want everything having to do with garbage to be invisible.
人们希望与垃圾有关的一切都是不可见的。
We want it out of sight.
我们希望它看不见。
We don't want to think about it, don't want to be associated with it.
我们不想去想它，不想与它联系在一起。
One guy who I interviewed for today's radio program has a kind of high up job in the department of sanitation.
我在今天的广播节目中采访的一个人在卫生部门担任高级职务。
Makes tons of money, lots of responsibility.
赚大钱，承担很多责任。
And he got in contact after the interview to ask that I not use his name.
采访结束后他联系我，要求我不要使用他的名字。
His neighbors didn't know that he worked for the sanitation department, and he didn't want them to know.
他的邻居不知道他在环卫部门工作，他也不想让他们知道。
One sanitation worker told Robin that one day he was picking up a bag of trash and a lady's walking a poodle.
一名环卫工人告诉罗宾，有一天他正在捡一袋垃圾，一位女士正在遛一只贵宾犬。
And the lady lets the poodle start peeing on the bag as he's grabbing it.
这位女士让贵宾犬在他抓住袋子时开始在袋子上撒尿。
Like he's not even there.
就好像他根本不在那儿一样。
Sanitation workers will tell you that they're invisible.
环卫工人会告诉你，他们是隐形的。
How can a pedestrian let her dog pee on a bag where a man is reaching for that bag and has his face not 18 inches from the dog who then lefts his leg to take a leak?
当一名男子伸手去拿袋子时，他的脸距离狗不到 18 英寸，然后狗离开他的腿去撒尿，行人怎么能让她的狗在袋子上撒尿呢？
That man must be invisible to that woman, that she would let that happen without giving it a second thought.
那个男人一定是那个女人看不见的，她才会不假思索地让这种事情发生。
Today on our radio show, we take what's invisible and we make it visible.
今天，在我们的广播节目中，我们将看不见的东西变得可见。
Stories of garbage, yours and mine.
垃圾的故事，你的和我的。
We live in a way that produces more waste than any people have in the history of civilization.
我们的生活方式产生的废物比文明史上任何人都多。
We come here today not to feel bad about that, not to condemn that-- I know this is a public radio show, but I make a guarantee to you right now that this is not a radio program today about feeling bad about the immense volume of trash poking around the edges of all of our lives.
我们今天来到这里不是为了对此感到难过，不是为了谴责这一点——我知道这是一个公共广播节目，但我现在向你们保证，今天这不是一个关于对我们生活边缘的大量垃圾感到难过的广播节目。
No, no, no. This is a radio program about understanding the actual fact of it, finally.
不，不，不。这是一个关于最终了解事实真相的广播节目。
Our program today in three acts.
我们今天的节目分三幕。
Act One.
第一幕。
Oh, Mr. San Man.
哦，三曼先生。
In which we get our hands on your trash, yours, with the men who do it every day.
在其中，我们与每天这样做的人一起处理你的垃圾，你的垃圾。
Act Two.
第二幕。
Except For the Smell, I Think I Have a Crush On You.
除了气味，我想我迷恋你。
There are squatters who build entire neighborhoods on top of rotting garbage heaps in Mexico.
在墨西哥，有些擅自占地者在腐烂的垃圾堆上建造了整个社区。
They scavenge in the trash piles for their living.
他们在垃圾堆里捡垃圾为生。
We go there for a little love story.
我们去那里是为了讲一个小爱情故事。
Act Three.
第三幕。
I am a Legitimate Businessman...
我是一个合法的商人...
Waste Management.
废物管理。
In that act, the secret recordings that ended mob control of New York garbage.
在那次行动中，秘密录音结束了暴徒对纽约垃圾的控制。
We got them.
我们得到了他们。
Stay with us.
留在我们身边。
Act One.
第一幕。
Oh, Mr. San Man.
哦，三曼先生。
The government has a number where they take the amount of waste-- residential, commercial, industrial waste-- created in this country, and they divide it by how many of us there are to tell us how much garbage is produced per person by all of us just living our normal lives in this country.
政府有一个数字，他们计算这个国家产生的废物量——住宅、商业、工业废物——然后除以我们有多少人，就可以告诉我们我们所有人在这个国家过着正常的生活，每人产生了多少垃圾。
That number?
那个号码？
4.8 pounds per person per day.
每人每天4.8磅。
One rainy morning I wanted to see exactly what that means on the ground.
一个下雨的早晨，我想看看这到底意味着什么。
No, the next block.
不，下一个街区。
Robin Nagle I'll get on the running board.
罗宾·内格尔（Robin Nagle） 我会登上跑步板。
OK.
好的。
You sit there.
你坐那儿。
I get on the other side.
我到了另一边。
For more than a year, Robin Nagle-- who you just heard from-- has been riding around with New York City sanitation workers, doing the job alongside them, as part of her research.
一年多来，罗宾·内格尔（Robin Nagle）——你刚刚听说过他——一直与纽约市的环卫工人一起骑行，与他们一起做这项工作，作为她研究的一部分。
She wears the green uniform.
她穿着绿色制服。
She slings trash.
她扔垃圾。
I went out with with her and two guys.
我和她还有两个男人一起出去。
Andre Ramos-- who reminds me a little bit of a Latino Billy Crystal-- in his early 40s, goatee, turning a little gray, chatty and outgoing.
安德烈·拉莫斯（Andre Ramos）——他让我想起了拉丁裔比利·克里斯托（Billy Crystal）——40 岁出头，山羊胡子，变得有点灰白，健谈且外向。
And his partner, an older, rather dignified man.
还有他的搭档，一个年长、颇有威严的男人。
My name is Roger Patton.
我的名字是罗杰·巴顿。
But because my name is Patton, everyone on the job calls me General.
但因为我的名字叫巴顿，所以工作中的每个人都称我为将军。
But I'm not a general.
但我不是将军。
I don't behave as one.
我的行为不像一个人。
The General drives.
将军开车。
Ramos rides the running board.
拉莫斯骑着踏板。
And when they tell me the amount of trash that the two of them lift and throw into the back of the truck on their morning route, Ramos gives me the number in tons.
当他们告诉我他们两人在早上的路线上举起并扔进卡车后部的垃圾量时，拉莫斯给了我以吨为单位的数字。
14.4 is our target weight, or better.
14.4 是我们的目标体重，或者更好。
14.4.
14.4.
So that means that you're personally picking up seven tons of garbage a day?
那么这意味着您个人每天要捡起七吨垃圾？
More or less, yes.
或多或少，是的。
Ira Glass That seems crazy.
艾拉·格拉斯 这看起来很疯狂。
Really?
真的吗？
Why?
为什么？
Ira Glass Because it just doesn't seem like a person can even pick up--
艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass）：因为似乎一个人根本无法接听——
After a while, all you see is black bags, and you just keep throwing it in there, throwing it in there.
过了一会儿，你看到的都是黑色的袋子，你就一直往那里扔，往那里扔。
Until you fill this truck up.
直到你把这辆卡车装满为止。
The sheer athleticism that this requires is something that most of us don't think about, usually.
这所需要的纯粹的运动能力是我们大多数人通常不会想到的。
When Ramos talks about what it was like to first do this job, throw trash all day for a living, he sighs.
当拉莫斯谈到最初做这份工作、整天扔垃圾为生是什么感觉时，他叹了口气。
It was hard.
这很难。
It really hard.
真的很难。
Because you're not used to the lifting, the dragging, the pulling.
因为你不习惯提起、拖拉、拉动。
Everything is different.
一切都不同了。
Because on this job, everyone hurts.
因为在这份工作中，每个人都会受伤。
Your back, your shoulders, your legs.
你的背部，你的肩膀，你的腿。
My body, we saw plenty of Tiger Balm, plenty of Ben-Gay.
我的身体里，我们看到了很多万金油，很多本基。
So how many months did it take before you were able to lift comfortably, and at the end of the day, you weren't wiped out?
那么，你花了几个月的时间才能够舒适地举起东西，并且最终你没有被消灭掉？
I tell you, it took more than a few months.
我告诉你，这花了几个月多的时间。
It took the years.
这花了很多年的时间。
It really did.
确实如此。
Yes.
是的。
Because this is something, you know, you've got to tailor your body into.
因为你知道，这是你必须调整你的身体的东西。
It's not something that you get used to overnight, no matter if you were a hard worker all your life.
无论你是否一生都在努力工作，这都不是一朝一夕就能习惯的事情。
As with a lot of physically demanding jobs, it's all about pacing yourself, conserving your energy where you can.
与许多体力要求较高的工作一样，这一切都是为了调整自己的节奏，尽可能节省精力。
A typical stop.
一个典型的停留。
The General pulls up the truck to 30 trash bags set out in front of an apartment building on the Upper West Side.
将军将卡车停在上西区一栋公寓楼前的 30 个垃圾袋前。
He tries to get the truck close to the bags.
他试图让卡车靠近行李。
Most of the bags are at 60, maybe 70 pounds.
大多数袋子重 60 磅，也许 70 磅。
Small enough for Ramos or the General or Robin to carry alone.
小到足以让拉莫斯、将军或罗宾单独携带。
Some buildings use these big, black sausage bags packed by compactors.
一些建筑物使用这些由压实机包装的黑色大香肠袋。
They do those together.
他们一起做那些事。
This one is heavy.
这个很重。
What would you say, like what?
你会说什么，比如什么？
It's about 120 pounds.
大约有120磅。
That's about 120 pounds.
大约有120磅。
This bag is heavy.
这个包很重。
In this case, we try to get as close to the truck as possible, and we both lift at the same time.
在这种情况下，我们尝试尽可能靠近卡车，并且同时举升。
The General, by the way, is doing this-- lifting seven tons a day-- at 58 years old.
顺便说一下，这位将军在 58 岁的时候正在做这件事——每天举重七吨。
Come around on this side.
绕到这边来。
Roger Patton Come over here.
罗杰·巴顿 过来一下。
They wave me away from the back of the truck to the side.
他们挥手让我从卡车后部走到一边。
Never stand behind the hopper while it's running.
料斗运行时切勿站在其后面。
It will come spewing out on you.
它会喷到你身上。
So it's best to stand to the side.
所以最好站在一边。
And the reason for that is that, odds this is compressed.
原因是，这种可能性被压缩了。
It can go to 3,000 pounds per square inch.
它可以达到每平方英寸 3,000 磅。
And it's crushing these bags, 3,000 pounds per square inch.
它以每平方英寸 3,000 磅的重量压碎这些袋子。
An object can come flying out of there.
物体可以从那里飞出来。
It's like somebody is literally shooting a bullet at you.
这就像有人真的向你发射子弹。
It could be a nail, glass or something.
它可能是钉子、玻璃或其他东西。
It can do damage.
它会造成损害。
There are all sorts of ways to get hurt on this job.
在这项工作中受伤的方式有很多种。
Guys ding their legs into car bumpers.
伙计们把腿撞到汽车保险杠上。
They get scraped or cut by glass or metal that slices through the trash bags.
它们会被切开垃圾袋的玻璃或金属刮伤或割伤。
Guys get hit by cars.
伙计们被车撞了。
At one stop, Robin and the General dragged over this rust-colored couch and they placed it in the hopper.
在一站，罗宾和将军拖过这张铁锈色的沙发，把它放进料斗里。
It's so big that half of it sticks out the end of the truck.
它太大了，有一半伸出了卡车的车尾。
Ramos makes the blade of the compactor come down, and-- and I have to say this-- but one moment, there's a couch there, and the next moment, it is completely flat.
拉莫斯让压实机的刀片落下，而且——我不得不这么说——但前一刻，那里有一张沙发，而下一刻，它就完全平坦了。
Snapped from three dimensions to two.
从三维变成二维。
Then the blade cycles around slowly crushes this big, rust-colored rectangle in with the kitchen garbage and the other trash-- and it's gone.
然后刀片慢慢地旋转，将这个大的、铁锈色的矩形与厨房垃圾和其他垃圾一起压碎——然后它就消失了。
In just a couple of hours we smash a TV, and a couple of futon frames, and a bookcase.
仅仅几个小时，我们就砸碎了一台电视、几个蒲团框架和一个书柜。
I've seen refrigerators crushed to nothing.
我见过冰箱被压得粉碎。
It's able to crush almost anything.
它几乎可以粉碎任何东西。
Almost anything.
几乎任何东西。
Given how it's just one of the unquestioned facts of modern life that somebody's going to come and pick up almost anything, almost anything today, it's amazing to think just how recent an innovation garbage collection is.
考虑到现代生活中无可争议的事实之一，今天有人会来捡起几乎所有东西，几乎所有东西，想到创新垃圾收集是多么新的事情，真是令人惊讶。
Cities have been around for thousands of years.
城市已经存在了数千年。
And for most of that time, spoiled food and household waste was just left outside, on the street, just to rot.
大部分时间里，变质的食物和家庭垃圾都被扔在外面的街上，任其腐烂。
And Robin, who studies this, says that's what New York was like.
研究这一问题的罗宾说，这就是纽约的样子。
The city was, compared to today, unimaginably filthy.
与今天相比，这座城市肮脏得难以想象。
Gunk and mud in the streets, ankle-deep with rotting horse carcasses and piles of animal dung.
街道上泥泞不堪，腐烂的马尸体和成堆的动物粪便深及脚踝。
Just really unimaginably dirty.
实在是脏得难以想象。
This finally changed in the late 1800s.
这种情况终于在 1800 年代末发生了改变。
New York created a sanitation department first in 1881, but it didn't actually accomplish anything until 1896, when a civil engineer slash Civil War vet took over.
纽约于 1881 年首先设立了卫生部门，但直到 1896 年，一位土木工程师削减内战老兵接管后，它才真正取得任何成果。
In 1896, a guy was appointed commissioner named Colonel George Wearing.
1896 年，乔治·韦尔林上校被任命为专员。
And he came in and he turned it around.
他进来并扭转了局面。
He had some very savvy ideas.
他有一些非常精明的想法。
He put the men in white uniforms to suggest cleanliness, and he gave them pith helmets, like the local cops of the day wore, to suggest power-- enforcement power.
他让这些人穿上白色制服以表明清洁，并给他们戴上髓头盔，就像当时当地警察所戴的那样，以表明权力——执法权力。
And he set out the routes.
他还制定了路线。
He gave them standards they had to meet each day.
他给了他们每天必须达到的标准。
He organized, he bureaucratized the job, but he also made the men accountable.
他组织起来，使工作官僚化，但他也让人们负起责任。
So there are before and after pictures of streets around the city that were this ankle-deep muck before he came.
所以有一些在他来之前城市周围街道的前后对比照片，这些街道在他来之前都是齐脚踝深的淤泥。
And then after he came, they're pristine.
他来后，它们就恢复原样了。
You can see the curbs very nicely defined.
你可以看到路缘的定义非常好。
There's no garbage anywhere.
到处都没有垃圾。
And they got the nickname White Wings because of their uniform.
由于他们的制服，他们得到了“白翼”的绰号。
And the men had an interesting status now that they have since lost.
这些人现在拥有一个有趣的地位，但现在他们已经失去了。
There were parades down Fifth Avenue every year for a long time.
长期以来，第五大道每年都会举行游行。
And the White Wings were heralded as the heroes who had cleaned the streets effectively for the first time in the city's history.
白翼组织被誉为这座城市历史上首次有效清洁街道的英雄。
See how this is put out, with the nails standing up?
看看这是如何把钉子竖起来的吗？
They're supposed to drive the nails down or take them out.
他们应该把钉子钉下来或者把它们拔掉。
On 103rd street, the General shows me these boards left with the trash-- maybe eight feet long, maybe ten feet long-- with nails sticking out, like a medieval weapon.
在 103 街，将军向我展示了这些留下垃圾的木板——也许八英尺长，也许十英尺长——钉子伸出来，就像中世纪的武器。
From the same stop, Ramos shows me a piece of metal eight inches long sticking out of a bag, ready to slice into your leg if you don't spot it.
在同一站，拉莫斯向我展示了一块从袋子里伸出的八英寸长的金属，如果你没有发现它，它就准备切入你的腿。
It's like Russian roulette, he says.
他说，这就像俄罗斯轮盘赌。
They throw everything in here.
他们把所有东西都扔到这里。
They throw all kinds of-- this is garbage, after all.
他们扔各种各样的东西——毕竟，这都是垃圾。
They don't think that another human being has to come and pick this up, that has responsibility, that has loved ones, just here for eight hours, just wants to do his job out here, safe as possible, and make it through the day.
他们不认为另一个人必须来接这个，有责任，有亲人，只是在这里呆八个小时，只是想在这里完成他的工作，尽可能安全，并度过这一天。
People don't consider the fact there's another human being's got to pick up this.
人们没有考虑到另一个人必须接手这个事实。
So don't just throw it in there.
所以不要只是把它扔在那里。
After all, it's just garbage.
说到底，只是垃圾而已。
So yeah.
所以是的。
One time this truck, about a year and a half ago, we went to a Jersey dump and came up radioactive.
大约一年半前，有一次我们开着卡车去泽西岛的一个垃圾场，结果发现有放射性。
Yeah.
是的。
They took us off the scale, and they had one of the personnel come with, I believe it's a Geiger counter?
他们把我们从秤上拿了下来，他们派了一名人员过来，我相信这是盖革计数器？
And they went around the truck and took a reading.
他们绕过卡车并进行了读数。
And it came up radioactive.
它具有放射性。
We had radioactive material in there.
我们那里有放射性物质。
Where we picked it up, we got no idea.
我们在哪里捡到的，我们不知道。
Only we know it was in one of the black bags.
只有我们知道它在其中一个黑色袋子里。
One of the most famous stories among New York City san men is the story of Michael Hanley, a san man on the last stop of the day in November 1996 who was standing behind the truck when a jog of hydrofluoric acid in the trash exploded, shooting out of the hopper and killing him.
纽约市散人中最著名的故事之一是迈克尔·汉利 (Michael Hanley) 的故事，他是 1996 年 11 月当天最后一站的散人，当时他站在卡车后面，垃圾桶里的一股氢氟酸爆炸，从料斗中射出，杀死了他。
It's a coveted job to be a New York City san man.
作为一个纽约市的无忧无虑的人，这是一份令人垂涎的工作。
When they last gave the qualifying test, 30,000 people took it.
当他们上次进行资格测试时，有 30,000 人参加了。
The General waited five years after passing the exam before a job came open, which is typical.
将军在通过考试后等了五年才找到职位，这是典型的情况。
And though the work is grueling, the pay-- if you're actually on a truck-- starts at $40,000 and can go to $60 after just five years.
尽管工作很辛苦，但工资——如果你真的开卡车的话——起价为 40,000 美元，五年后就可以涨到 60 美元。
A good winter, meaning one with lots of overtime for clearing snow-- they clear snow, too-- can make for a $90,000 year for a senior guy.
一个好的冬天，意味着需要大量加班来除雪——他们也除雪——对于一个资深的人来说，一年可以赚到 9 万美元。
Today everything goes smoothly.
今天一切都很顺利。
The trash is usually put out neatly for us, in bags, because we're in pretty good neighborhoods.
垃圾通常会装在袋子里整齐地为我们扔掉，因为我们的社区环境很好。
We block traffic for ten minutes at a time.
我们每次封锁交通十分钟。
We get rained on until we're soaked.
我们被雨淋湿，直到浑身湿透。
The rain actually never lets up all morning.
雨实际上整个上午都没有停过。
At some point, I finish a take out coffee that I'd been drinking, and I start looking around the street for a garbage can to throw the cup in.
在某个时候，我喝完一杯一直在喝的外卖咖啡，然后开始在街上寻找垃圾桶来把杯子扔进去。
And then I remember-- I have a garbage truck right here.
然后我想起来了——我这里有一辆垃圾车。
I walk around to the back and I toss the cup right into the hopper.
我走到后面，把杯子直接扔进料斗里。
It feels good, tossing it straight into the truck.
直接扔进卡车的感觉真好。
Like the feeling that you get driving to a farm, picking apples off the trees yourself.
就像你开车去农场，亲自从树上摘苹果的感觉。
Mostly the thing that hits you as you ride around on a garbage truck is just how much stuff we throw out each day.
当你骑着垃圾车四处走动时，最让你震惊的是我们每天扔掉多少东西。
One bag after another, block after block, all smashed together in the hopper, where everything merges into a disgusting, liquidy sludge.
一袋又一袋，一块又一块，全部在料斗中粉碎在一起，所有东西都融合成令人恶心的液体污泥。
Robin teaches a class on the anthropology of garbage.
罗宾教授垃圾人类学课程。
She's writing a book about garbage men.
她正在写一本关于垃圾工的书。
So needless to say, she has thought about this quite a lot-- about the sheer volume of waste that we create today.
不用说，她对这个问题思考了很多——思考我们今天制造的大量废物。
Trash today-- the meaning of trash today, in part, is about a different kind of relationship to time that we have now.
今天的垃圾——今天的垃圾的意义部分在于我们现在与时间的一种不同的关系。
We depend on disposability, to move at a certain kind of speed.
我们依靠可处置性，以某种速度移动。
You and I had a cup of coffee this morning.
今天早上你和我喝了一杯咖啡。
It wouldn't occur to us to save the cup, rinse it out, use it again.
我们不会想到要保存杯子，冲洗它，然后再次使用它。
It wasn't a ceramic cup.
这不是一个陶瓷杯。
If it were a ceramic cup, I've got to keep it somewhere it's not going to get knocked around in my backpack and broken.
如果是陶瓷杯，我必须把它放在背包里不会被撞坏的地方。
I've got to bring it home and wash it, carry it out again.
我得把它带回家洗干净再带出去。
I have to remember it the next day.
第二天我必须记住它。
There's even a whole way in which our mental life is organized that depends on disposability.
甚至我们的精神生活的整个组织方式都依赖于可处置性。
I don't have to pay attention to-- when I go to the grocery store, once in a while, I remember to take a cloth sack, but usually I don't, because they'll give me a plastic one.
我不必注意——当我去杂货店时，偶尔我会记得带一个布袋，但通常我不会，因为他们会给我一个塑料袋。
I know that.
我知道。
I know, but it's nice to not have to think about those things.
我知道，但不用考虑这些事情真是太好了。
Of course, of course.
当然，当然。
One of the things I used to do was save things to use again.
我过去常做的一件事就是保存东西以供再次使用。
And I've stopped doing that.
我已经不再这样做了。
Because it is much easier and much more-- I don't know.
因为它更容易、更多——我不知道。
I'm not saying-- I mean, I would be the first person to have a very, very hard time slowing down-- I don't know, it's just simpler.
我并不是说——我的意思是，我将是第一个经历非常非常困难的放慢速度的人——我不知道，这只是更简单。
The way we live now.
我们现在的生活方式。
But again, this is how we organize this socially.
但同样，这就是我们在社交上组织此事的方式。
That's new.
这是新的。
We didn't live like that before.
我们以前不是这样生活的。
It's new with industrialization.
这是工业化带来的新事物。
It's new with plastics technologies and plastic sciences that make light-- I mean, it's now cheaper to buy a new VCR than to fix a VCR, to buy a new pair of shoes than to get them repaired, to buy it rather than repair it.
这是塑料技术和塑料科学制造光的新事物——我的意思是，现在购买一台新录像机比修理一台录像机更便宜，买一双新鞋比修理它更便宜，购买它比修理它更便宜。
After two hours on the street-- it's 8 AM-- time for the union-mandated 15 minute break.
在街上待了两个小时后——现在是上午 8 点——工会规定休息 15 分钟。
I call a 15 minutes of fame.
我称之为15分钟的成名。
You can eat what you want in 15 minutes.
15分钟之内你就可以吃你想吃的东西了。
You can relieve yourself for 15 minutes.
您可以放松15分钟。
You could sign autographs for 15 minutes.
您可以签名 15 分钟。
It's our break and the union fought hard for it, and why shouldn't we take it?
这是我们的突破，工会为之奋斗，我们为什么不接受它呢？
The General parks the truck and we duck into a diner on Broadway.
将军停好了卡车，我们躲进了百老汇的一家小餐馆。
Ramos gets a vitamin water.
拉莫斯喝了维生素水。
Somebody gets a bagel.
有人得到了一个百吉饼。
There are coffees.
有咖啡。
And I ask the guys if they ever get overwhelmed or disgusted by all the trash.
我问他们是否对这些垃圾感到不知所措或厌恶。
They mostly shrug this off.
他们大多对此不屑一顾。
Yes, we do.
是的，我们愿意。
But we know it's a job, so therefore, somebody has to do it.
但我们知道这是一份工作，因此必须有人来做。
And it's part of our job.
这是我们工作的一部分。
It's part of the job.
这是工作的一部分。
And you don't think too much of it.
而且你也不会想太多。
You just see it as what it is-- waste.
你只看到它的本来面目——浪费。
I know.
我知道。
But just riding around with you, just this little bit, I just feel like, God, people have a lot of crap.
但只是和你一起骑车，就这一点，我只是觉得，上帝，人们有很多废话。
We do try to treat it with the utmost respect and-- [LAUGHTER]
我们确实尽力以最大的尊重对待它——[笑声]
15 minutes goes fast and we stand up to leave.
15分钟过得很快，我们起身离开。
After a morning of picking up other people's trash, Ramos leaves his empty vitamin water bottle at the table.
经过一早上捡别人的垃圾后，拉莫斯把他的空维生素水瓶留在了桌子上。
He doesn't say anything about it.
他对此什么也没说。
He doesn't look back.
他没有回头。
Throwing that out is somebody else's job.
扔掉它是别人的工作。
Coming up.
即将到来。
Taking your teenage kid to the garbage heap where you spent your youth.
把你十几岁的孩子带到你度过青春的垃圾堆里。
Literally, the garbage heap.
顾名思义，就是垃圾堆。
In Tijuana, how one American teenager reacts to his dad's trash-filled past.
在蒂华纳，一名美国青少年对他父亲充满垃圾的过去有何反应。
This in a minute from Chicago Public Radio and Public Radio International when our program continues.
当我们的节目继续时，芝加哥公共广播电台和国际公共广播电台将立即报道。
It's This American Life .
这就是美国生活。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Each week on our program, of course, we choose some theme, bring you a variety of different kinds of stories on that theme.
当然，每周我们的节目都会选择一些主题，为您带来关于该主题的各种不同类型的故事。
Today's program, Garbage.
今天的节目，垃圾。
We make the world of garbage, a world that's usually invisible to us, visible.
我们让垃圾世界这个我们通常看不见的世界变得可见。
Here on the radio where, I guess, everything is invisible.
我想，在收音机里，一切都是看不见的。
We've arrived at act two of our program.
我们已经进入了计划的第二幕。
Act Two.
第二幕。
Except For the Smell, I Think I Have a Crush On You.
除了气味，我想我迷恋你。
Luis Alberto Urrea was born in Tijuana and grew up moving back and forth between Tijuana and San Diego.
路易斯·阿尔贝托·乌雷亚 (Luis Alberto Urrea) 出生于蒂华纳，在蒂华纳和圣地亚哥之间往返长大。
When he got older, he moved away from the border and all its poverty.
当他长大后，他离开了边境和所有的贫困。
Now he lives in the Chicago suburbs.
现在他住在芝加哥郊区。
And recently, he headed back to Tijuana, to the border, for the first time in years.
最近，他多年来第一次回到蒂华纳边境。
I used to work with the garbage pickers of Tijuana's municipal garbage dump.
我曾经与蒂华纳市政垃圾场的垃圾捡拾者一起工作。
People who survived by scavenging through the trash.
靠翻垃圾活下来的人。
They'd recycle glass and aluminum for cash, find food and clothes they kept for themselves, all just minutes from downtown San Diego, which was not far from the border fence.
他们回收玻璃和铝来换取现金，找到自己保留的食物和衣服，所有这些都距离圣地亚哥市中心仅几分钟路程，距离边境围栏不远。
I was translator for an American missionary group that brought them food, clothing, medical attention.
我是一个美国传教士团体的翻译，为他们带来食物、衣服和医疗护理。
In the years since I'd left, many things had changed.
在我离开后的这些年里，很多事情都发生了变化。
The trash pickers had taken over the dump, squatting on the land and building homes atop the garbage.
拾荒者占领了垃圾场，在垃圾场上盘踞着建起了房屋。
And I had gotten married and started a family.
我已经结婚并组建了家庭。
My wife and I decided to return to the dump so my old friends living there could meet my new family.
我和我的妻子决定返回垃圾场，这样我住在那里的老朋友就可以见到我的新家人。
In particular, we were going to find Negra.
特别是，我们要去寻找内格拉。
When I first met Negra, she was seven.
当我第一次见到内格拉时，她七岁。
She was a skinny little dark girl with bare feet in a sack dress, one pair of panties.
她是个瘦瘦的黑皮肤小女孩，光着脚，穿着麻袋连衣裙，一条内裤。
That was all she had.
这就是她的全部了。
Her family lived in a one-room shack with two beds inside, a little wood-burning stove.
她的家人住在一间单间小屋里，里面有两张床，还有一个烧木头的小炉子。
We kept in touch for decades.
我们几十年来一直保持联系。
I'm godfather to one of her kids.
我是她一个孩子的教父。
I had lost Negra seven years ago.
七年前我失去了内格拉。
Where she lives, without a phone or a street address, it's impossible to stay in contact.
她住的地方没有电话或街道地址，不可能保持联系。
Letters can never be delivered except to a nearby grocery store, and then you hope the store owners will give her the letter.
除了附近的杂货店之外，信件永远无法投递，然后您希望店主将这封信交给她。
We decided to take our boy, Eric.
我们决定带我们的儿子埃里克一起去。
Eric is 14.
埃里克 14 岁。
He has a pierced ear.
他有一个耳洞。
He wears an MTV Jackass cap.
他戴着 MTV Jackass 帽子。
He's entering his first year of high school and he plays the drums.
他即将进入高中一年级，他会打鼓。
Well, before I went down there, I was scared.
好吧，在我去那里之前，我很害怕。
I actually thought against going.
我其实想过不去。
And I have to admit, I cried because I was scared.
我必须承认，我哭是因为我害怕。
We live in Chicago, and nothing there could have prepared Eric for Tijuana.
我们住在芝加哥，那里的埃里克无法为提华纳做好准备。
I showed him the neighborhood where I'd been born and the tumbling dirt hill where my grandmother's house had been.
我带他参观了我出生的街区，以及我祖母的房子所在的那座翻滚的土山。
And then we headed to the municipal dump.
然后我们前往市政垃圾场。
It starts out normal, like just a regular city.
一开始一切都很正常，就像一个普通的城市一样。
And then it starts getting weirder and weirder.
然后事情开始变得越来越奇怪。
And then you end up in dirt.
然后你就会陷入泥土之中。
This was all a dirt road where the garbage trucks would come up to bring trash when I worked here.
这是一条土路，我在这里工作时，垃圾车会开过来运垃圾。
So this whole hillside is now full of auto repair shops and little houses and little restaurants.
所以现在整个山坡上都布满了汽车修理店、小房子和小餐馆。
And we're just getting to where the-- the road just ended, and we hit the rocks.
我们正要到达路的尽头，然后我们就触礁了。
I saw this one donkey-- burnt.
我看到这一头驴——被烧焦了。
He was all--
他就是——
No, I mean he had like little patches where there wasn't any fur--
不，我的意思是他身上有一些没有毛皮的小块——
That's called mange.
这就是所谓的疥疮。
That's what I'm telling you.
这就是我要告诉你的。
It's a disease they get.
这是他们患上的一种疾病。
Oh.
哦。
Luis Urrea At this point, Negra's barrio looks a lot like any other Tijuana neighborhood.
路易斯·乌雷亚 (Luis Urrea) 此时，内格拉的街区看起来很像蒂华纳的任何其他社区。
Stucco here, cement brick there, mixed in with tumbledown shacks made of plywood, dirt streets.
这里是灰泥，那里是水泥砖，与胶合板制成的破旧棚屋和泥土街道混合在一起。
The only sign that it's built on a massive garbage heap is that when it rains, the ground cracks open and gas escapes through small volcanoes.
它建在巨大垃圾堆上的唯一迹象是，下雨时，地面会裂开，气体会通过小火山逸出。
There are garbage mines where neighbors dig shafts in their yards and pull out buried bottles and cans to recycle for money.
还有垃圾矿，邻居们在自家院子里挖竖井，挖出埋在地下的瓶子和罐头来回收利用，以换取金钱。
Street dogs still roam the alleys there.
街头狗仍然在那儿的小巷里徘徊。
The houses are jury rigged, fences made from bed springs, old mattresses the people pulled from the trash and set afire.
这些房子都是临时搭建的，栅栏是用弹簧床和人们从垃圾堆里拉出来并点燃的旧床垫制成的。
Eric had never seen anything like it except in Mad Max movies.
除了在《疯狂的麦克斯》电影中之外，埃里克从未见过这样的事情。
I was worried about Negra.
我很担心内格拉。
I didn't know what we would find.
我不知道我们会发现什么。
When I had last seen her, her house was a wooden thing back off the dirt alley.
当我最后一次见到她时，她的房子是土巷后面的一座木头房子。
We had built it out of scrap garage doors.
我们用废弃的车库门建造了它。
We drove up the hill and turned down her little street and it looked alien.
我们开车上山，拐进她的小街，它看起来很陌生。
No one lives in a cardboard box houses anymore.
没有人再住在纸板箱房子里了。
Now there are power poles and telephone lines, lights.
现在有电线杆、电话线、灯。
Cement walls line the street, built right to the roadway.
水泥墙沿着街道排列，建在道路的右侧。
I stopped a boy and I asked, where does Negra live?
我拦住一个男孩，问，内格拉住在哪里？
He pointed.
他指着。
Right there.
就在那里。
When I pounded on the door, the children let me in, and Negra came running.
当我敲门时，孩子们让我进去，内格拉跑了过来。
We were both adults now.
现在我们都已经是成年人了。
As we embraced, she seemed small to me, and I seemed gigantic to her.
当我们拥抱时，她对我来说显得很小，而我对她来说却显得巨大。
But as soon as we were together, the intervening years disappeared.
但当我们在一起的时候，那些岁月就消失了。
[SPEAKING SPANISH] Translator I remember the first time my sister introduced him to me.
[说西班牙语] 翻译 我记得我姐姐第一次把他介绍给我。
I grabbed Luis's hand and we went to walk in the dump.
我抓住路易斯的手，我们一起去垃圾场散步。
And I was really happy because I had him by the hand, because I could show him off to all my little friends.
我真的很高兴，因为我牵着他的手，因为我可以向我所有的小朋友展示他。
"Look!
“看！
He's my friend!
他是我的朋友！
He's my friend!" I was very proud.
他是我的朋友！”我非常自豪。
I began to show him all this stuff-- how to [?
我开始向他展示所有这些东西——如何[？
order ?] trash, how to collect boxes and sort out bottles, aluminum.
订购？]垃圾，如何收集盒子并分类瓶子，铝。
I show him how to do it.
我向他展示如何做。
And I said to my friends, "Look!
我对我的朋友们说：“看！
Luis come to help me!"
路易斯来帮我吧！”
Negra used to come running when we showed up, calling my name from far out in the trash.
当我们出现时，内格拉常常跑过来，从远处的垃圾桶里喊我的名字。
I would come to this apocalyptic scene on a hillside above Tijuana amidst wrecked cars, piles of trash, paper shacks, and sometimes towers of dead animals set afire.
我会在蒂华纳上方的山坡上看到这个世界末日般的场景，周围是失事的汽车、成堆的垃圾、纸棚，有时还有被烧毁的动物尸体塔。
I would hear this little voice in the racket, calling me.
我会听到喧闹声中的这个小声音在呼唤我。
"Luis!
“路易斯！
Luis!
路易斯！
Luis!" She would leap out of the trash and fly like a little bird and land against my chest, small-boned and tough and sinewy.
路易斯！”她会从垃圾堆里跳出来，像小鸟一样飞翔，落在我的胸前，骨骼细小，坚韧有力。
And she would say, "Give me a piggyback ride." And I'd carry her through the garbage.
她会说：“让我骑在背上。”我会抱着她穿过垃圾堆。
So now here's the situation that her man, Jaime, my compadre, has apparently been sort of macho and bad, and gotten a girlfriend or two or three or four.
所以现在的情况是，她的男人，海梅，我的同伴，显然有点大男子主义和坏，并且得到了一个或两个或三个或四个女朋友。
And Negra has sent him packing.
内格拉已经把他打发走了。
So now she's got a house full of women in a very tough neighborhood.
所以现在她的房子里住满了女人，住在一个非常困难的社区。
Girls.
女孩们。
Her sister was beaten by her husband in a drug frenzy and sustained some brain damage that ultimately killed her.
她的姐姐在吸毒狂潮中被丈夫殴打，脑部受到损伤，最终导致她死亡。
So her sister Maria has died.
所以她的妹妹玛丽亚死了。
And Negra has now inherited Maria's three daughters.
而内格拉现在继承了玛丽亚的三个女儿。
So Negra has gone from having three girls on her own to having six girls on her own.
所以内格拉已经从一个人养三个女孩变成了一个人养六个女孩。
So at the age of 31, she's suddenly the mom of girls ranging from eight years old to 19 years old.
所以在31岁的时候，她突然成为了8岁到19岁女孩的妈妈。
As it turned out, we had shown up just in time for the graduation of Negra's niece, Blanca.
事实证明，我们正好赶上内格拉的侄女布兰卡的毕业典礼。
Negra called me upstairs and I ascended into a world of lace and perfume and clouds of Mexican hair.
内格拉叫我上楼，我登上了一个充满蕾丝、香水和墨西哥头发的世界。
I said, Eric is going to faint.
我说，埃里克要晕倒了。
Somehow this comment began the miracle.
不知何故，这个评论开始了奇迹。
I went back down and sat with him.
我回去和他坐在一起。
He looked lost in the scrap couch, all alone, blushing with fear.
他看起来迷失在废旧沙发上，独自一人，因恐惧而脸红。
Then the angels began to descend, and they did it with a kind of natural drama our Latina women know.
然后天使开始降临，他们以一种我们拉丁女性所知道的自然戏剧的方式做到了。
They came down by age, youngest first, and they walked with grace, as if they were all in the graduation ceremony.
他们按年龄依次排列，年纪最小的在前，走起路来优雅，仿佛都在参加毕业典礼。
In Eric's world, the chicks flounce into a room and toss off a nod and mutter, "What's up?" In Negra's house, each girl came downstairs, walked to Eric, and kissed him.
在埃里克的世界里，小鸡们冲进一个房间，点头并嘀咕：“怎么了？”在内格拉的家里，每个女孩都下楼，走到埃里克身边，亲吻他。
Whoa, dude.
哇，伙计。
His ears were bright red.
他的耳朵是鲜红的。
Yes, they kissed me on the cheek.
是的，他们吻了我的脸颊。
I probably was blood red.
我大概是血红色的。
I know I was red.
我知道我当时很红。
For sure I was red.
果然我是红的。
And I didn't know what to expect, you know?
我不知道会发生什么，你知道吗？
It was-- I don't know how to describe it.
这是——我不知道如何描述它。
"Nayeli" is a word that means "flower of the household." When I last saw her, she was a tiny seven year old.
“Nayeli”这个词的意思是“家庭之花”。当我最后一次见到她时，她才七岁。
She was Negra's eldest daughter, now a somber and beautiful young woman of 16.
她是内格拉的大女儿，如今已是一位忧郁而美丽的 16 岁年轻女子。
[SPEAKING SPANISH] Translator Eric arrived, and I was like, ay, he seems so timid, so serious.
[说西班牙语] 翻译埃里克到达了，我当时想，哎呀，他看起来很胆怯，很严肃。
He was stuck like glue to Luis, just stuck to him.
他就像胶水一样粘在路易斯身上，就这样粘在他身上。
So if Luis moved over there, Eric went too.
因此，如果路易斯搬到那里，埃里克也会去。
The 10-year-old kissed him.
10岁的孩子吻了他。
The 11-year-old kissed him.
11岁的孩子吻了他。
Then-- uh oh.
然后——呃哦。
The 14-year-old kissed him.
14岁的少年吻了他。
The redness spread from his ears to his cheeks.
红晕从耳朵蔓延到脸颊。
The gorgeous 15-year-old graduate, in her lavender gown, descended and kissed him.
这位美丽的 15 岁毕业生穿着淡紫色的长袍，走下来吻了他。
He started to giggle.
他开始咯咯地笑。
She sat on the arm of the couch near him and he sat up straight.
她坐在靠近他的沙发扶手上，他坐直了身子。
[SPEAKING SPANISH] Translator It was probably his first experience like that, with those kisses we gave him.
[说西班牙语] 翻译这可能是他第一次经历这样的经历，我们给了他那些吻。
And that's why he got so embarrassed.
这就是为什么他如此尴尬。
Then Nayeli, all in black, looking 25 in a belly button Shakira outfit, came down and stared at him, then kissed him.
然后，身穿黑衣、穿着夏奇拉肚脐装的纳耶利 (Nayeli) 下来，盯着他，然后吻了他。
Finally the 19-year-old, in Shakira's other outfit, with blue eyelids, came down and said things in Spanish that he didn't understand, and kissed him, and put her hand on his face.
最后，这位 19 岁的女孩穿着夏奇拉的另一套衣服，有着蓝色的眼睑，走下来用他听不懂的西班牙语说了些什么，然后吻了他，并将手放在了他的脸上。
He says he didn't wet his pants.
他说他没有尿裤子。
They started playing-- I think it was Eminem.
他们开始演奏——我想是阿姆。
They started playing Eminem, and they're like, you know this?
他们开始演奏阿姆，他们说，你知道吗？
And then, well, I'd rather not talk about it.
然后，好吧，我不想谈论它。
Well, I was with my mom, and my mom was standing next to me.
嗯，我和妈妈在一起，妈妈就站在我旁边。
And Martha, the 19-year-old, she starts pointing at me, and I'm like, what's going on here?
19 岁的玛莎开始指着我，我想，这是怎么回事？
I have my bear claw necklace on and I hold it up, and I'm like, this?
我戴着熊爪项链，举起它，我想，这个？
And she's like, no. And she grabs her belt buckle and says, "belt buckle, belt buckle." And then her and Nayeli start giggling.
她说，不。她抓住皮带扣说：“皮带扣，皮带扣。”然后她和纳耶利开始咯咯地笑。
And my mom's, like, looking at my shirt.
我妈妈就像在看我的衬衫。
And then she says-- Martha says-- "I don't know how to say it!"
然后她说——玛莎说——“我不知道该怎么说！”
And then my mom looks down.
然后我妈妈就低下了头。
And my fly was open!
我的苍蝇已经打开了！
You know, I'm standing there, like, hey, check out my bear claw!
你知道，我站在那里，就像，嘿，看看我的熊爪！
Is this what you're talking about?
你说的是这个吗？
Yeah, this is cool, huh?
是的，这很酷，是吧？
And then my fly was open!
然后我的苍蝇就打开了！
The girls laughed, but it wasn't cruel.
女孩们笑了，但这并不残忍。
His haplessness won them all over at once, and he became the cheerful fiance to the entire crowd.
他的倒霉立刻赢得了所有人的支持，他成了全场欢快的未婚夫。
They began to fight for his attention.
他们开始争夺他的注意力。
[SPEAKING SPANISH] Translator What did I think of Eric?
[说西班牙语] 翻译 我对埃里克有什么看法？
I thought, he's still just a kid.
我想，他还只是个孩子。
He's just a kid.
他只是个孩子。
That was my first reaction.
这是我的第一反应。
A kid.
一个孩子。
And it's not every day that he's surrounded by girls who are hugging him, and grabbing his hand, and giving him kisses on the cheek.
他并不是每天都会被女孩包围，拥抱他，抓住他的手，亲吻他的脸颊。
If he didn't flirt with the 16-year-old, she'd pout, while the 14-year-old fumed because the 19-year-old put her arm through his.
如果他不和 16 岁的女孩调情，她就会撅起嘴，而 14 岁的女孩则因为 19 岁的女孩搂着她的手臂而生气。
"Daddy," he said, "nobody back home is going to believe this." There was a pause.
“爸爸，”他说，“家里没有人会相信这一点。”一阵停顿。
"Please, take some pictures."
“请拍几张照片。”
Now, were the girls holding you and hugging you and stuff?
现在，女孩们有抱住你、拥抱你什么的吗？
I seem to remember, they were holding onto you pretty tight.
我好像记得，他们把你抱得很紧。
It was weird.
很奇怪。
Because you know, if I had met those people in nicer conditions, I would never have guessed they were poor at all.
因为你知道，如果我在条件更好的情况下遇到这些人，我绝不会猜到他们根本就穷。
I don't know how to describe it.
我不知道如何描述它。
I guess they could still maintain their dignity.
我想他们还是可以维护自己的尊严的。
It was just so weird how they could do that.
他们怎么能做到这一点真是太奇怪了。
Like, if I were them, I couldn't do that at all.
就像，如果我是他们，我根本做不到。
We were all together, and in classic Mexican fashion, it was time to eat.
我们都在一起，按照经典的墨西哥时尚，吃饭的时间到了。
Eric was nervous about the meal, since he's a picky eater at the best of times.
埃里克对这顿饭很紧张，因为即使在最好的时候，他也很挑食。
And here we were in this neighborhood that's not terribly hygienic.
我们所处的社区卫生状况不太好。
He had no way of knowing that everything around him-- the couch, the table, the plates and silverware and pans-- had all been scavenged out of the garbage.
他根本不知道他周围的一切——沙发、桌子、盘子、银器和平底锅——都被从垃圾堆里清理了出来。
I decided not to share that information at the moment.
我决定目前不分享该信息。
They were going to cook us carne asada.
他们要给我们做肉酱。
I told him it was safe to eat the cooked meat and the tortillas, but the boiled beans or the salsa might make him sick.
我告诉他吃煮熟的肉和玉米饼是安全的，但煮豆子或莎莎酱可能会让他生病。
He nodded.
他点点头。
His eyes were huge, but he smiled at Nayeli as if he couldn't wait to dig in.
他的眼睛很大，但他对纳耶利微笑，仿佛迫不及待地想挖进去。
The girls had to go to the store to buy charcoal.
女孩们不得不去商店买木炭。
They refused to go without Eric.
他们拒绝不带埃里克一起去。
They snagged his arms and vanished.
他们抓住他的手臂然后消失了。
At the store, they didn't have enough money to buy a bag of charcoal.
在商店里，他们没有足够的钱买一袋木炭。
They bought six briquettes.
他们买了六块煤球。
The woman in the store had the bag cut open, and they counted out six and wrapped them in a piece of newspaper.
店里的女人把袋子打开，他们数出了六个，然后用一张报纸包起来。
It was such a gift those girls gave Eric.
这是那些女孩们送给埃里克的一份礼物。
They held him, but more importantly, they held him publicly.
他们拘留了他，但更重要的是，他们公开拘留了他。
They made a show of him.
他们表演了他。
When I was a boy, unloved and unlovely, unpopular and scared to walk in the neighborhood, my teenaged cousin Margarita came to live with us.
当我还是个男孩时，不被爱、不可爱、不受欢迎、不敢在附近散步，我十几岁的表弟玛格丽塔来和我们住在一起。
And when we walked down the street, she would hold my hand so everyone could see us.
当我们走在街上时，她会握住我的手，这样每个人都能看到我们。
And when my enemies came in sight, she would lace her fingers through mine as if she were my girlfriend.
当我的敌人出现时，她会把手指穿过我的手指，就好像她是我的女朋友一样。
As if she loved me so much, she needed to hold me even tighter.
就好像她很爱我一样，需要把我抱得更紧。
[SPEAKING SPANISH] Luis Urrea The graduation was at the John F.
[西班牙语] Luis Urrea 毕业典礼在 John F.
Kennedy and Juan [UNINTELLIGIBLE] Academy.
肯尼迪和胡安[无法理解]学院。
Our car became the shuttle running 100 people up and down the hill.
我们的车变成了接送100人上下山的班车。
The faculty of the school sat an old record player on a folding chair.
学校的教员们坐在折叠椅上，放着一台旧电唱机。
All the kids were in their uniforms, and the girls were in their inexpensive taffeta gowns.
所有的孩子都穿着校服，女孩们则穿着廉价的塔夫绸礼服。
The theme was lilac.
主题是紫丁香。
Each girl also had a small cotton stole.
每个女孩还有一条小棉披肩。
They all had hairdos, and they wore really painful-looking high heels, looking as beautiful as possible.
她们都留着发型，还穿着看起来很痛苦的高跟鞋，看起来尽可能漂亮。
The small kids were in their uniforms, and the kindergarten kids were dressed in cowboy suits.
小孩子们穿着校服，幼儿园的孩子们则穿着牛仔服。
The school principal first led everyone in applause for the teachers who heroically talked and the guests of honor, who were teachers from other schools, stood and got rounds of ferocious applause.
校长首先带领大家为那些豪言壮语的老师们鼓掌，主宾其他学校的老师起立，赢得了热烈的掌声。
And they started playing, if I remember right, really bad old Stevie Wonder records.
如果我没记错的话，他们开始播放非常糟糕的史蒂夫旺德旧唱片。
Each class did dances to Stevie Wonder, and all the ninth graders did a waltz to it.
每个班都跟着史蒂维·旺德跳舞，所有九年级的学生都跟着跳华尔兹。
Each group marched out and did a dance in the rubble.
每个小组都走出去，在废墟中跳舞。
Did San Diego and the United States look different to you after this experience?
这次经历之后，圣地亚哥和美国对你来说有什么不同吗？
When we came back, did you feel like you were seeing it through new eyes?
当我们回来的时候，你是否觉得自己以新的眼光看待它？
Because didn't we go right to Disneyland after that?
因为那之后我们不是直接去了迪士尼乐园吗？
Yeah, we did go to Disneyland after that.
是的，之后我们确实去了迪士尼乐园。
Once we got back there, you know, the whole trip there seemed unreal.
当我们回到那里时，你知道，整个旅程都显得不真实。
Like it never really happened.
就像它从未真正发生过一样。
You know?
你知道？
It felt like a dream to me, because it was just so unbelievably strange.
这对我来说就像是一场梦，因为它是如此令人难以置信的奇怪。
Never in a million years would I have guessed I'd be going there.
一百万年内我都不会想到我会去那里。
You would go back?
你会回去吗？
Eric Yes.
埃里克 是的。
That would be a definite yes.
那肯定是的。
I would go back.
我会回去。
Luis Alberto Urrea is the author of several books of fiction and nonfiction, including By the Lake of the Sleeping Children, The Secret Life of the Mexican Border, and Across the Wire.
路易斯·阿尔贝托·乌雷亚 (Luis Alberto Urrea) 是多本小说和非小说类书籍的作者，其中包括《睡着的孩子的湖边》、《墨西哥边境的秘密生活》和《跨越铁丝》。
This story was produced by Barbara Ferry with help from Sandy Tolan, Alan Weisman, and Deborah Begel.
这个故事由芭芭拉·费里 (Barbara Ferry) 在桑迪·托兰 (Sandy Tolan)、艾伦·韦斯曼 (Alan Weisman) 和黛博拉·贝格尔 (Deborah Begel) 的帮助下制作。
It's part of the series "Border Stories" from Homelands Productions, which gets funds from the Ford Foundation and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
它是 Homelands Productions 的系列剧“边境故事”的一部分，该系列剧由福特基金会和公共广播公司提供资金。
[MUSIC - "TRASH" BY THE NEW YORK DOLLS]
[音乐 - 纽约娃娃的“垃圾”]
Act Three.
第三幕。
I'm a Legitimate Businessman...
我是一个合法的商人...
In Waste Management.
在废物管理方面。
Starting in the mid-1950s, private trash collection in New York was controlled by the mob.
从 20 世纪 50 年代中期开始，纽约的私人垃圾收集由暴徒控制。
Private trash collection, you should understand, means anything that the city won't pick up, which in New York, means any trash that is generated by any business.
您应该明白，私人垃圾收集意味着城市不会收集的任何东西，在纽约，意味着任何企业产生的任何垃圾。
A restaurant, an office building, a car shop, anything at all.
餐厅、办公楼、汽车店，什么都有。
As you might expect, in New York, that is a lot of money.
正如你所料，在纽约，这是一大笔钱。
$1.5 billion a year back in 1995, which is when this next story takes place.
1995 年，每年 15 亿美元，也就是下一个故事发生的时间。
For 50 years, everybody, including city officials, knew that the mob was running a garbage cartel, driving up prices all over the city.
50 年来，每个人，包括市政府官员，都知道暴民正在经营一个垃圾卡特尔，抬高了全市的价格。
But in the mid-1990s, the entire operation was brought down more or less by one man-- an NYPD detective named Rick Cowan who went undercover for three years, making hundreds of hours of secret recordings.
但在 20 世纪 90 年代中期，整个行动或多或少被一个人搞砸了——一位名叫里克·考恩 (Rick Cowan) 的纽约警察局侦探，他卧底了三年，录制了数百小时的秘密录音。
Now before this, Cowen had gone undercover in the narcotics division, but never for more than two weeks.
在此之前，考恩曾在缉毒部门卧底，但从未超过两周。
And he had no intention of starting a historic, city-wide undercover sting operation when our story begins.
当我们的故事开始时，他并无意开始一场历史性的、全市范围的秘密诱捕行动。
When our story begins, he's a guy in the NYPD Organized Crime division.
当我们的故事开始时，他是纽约警察局有组织犯罪部门的一名人员。
He's investigating mafia loan sharking in the garbage business.
他正在调查黑手党在垃圾行业放高利贷的情况。
And he just catches a lucky break.
他只是幸运地抓住了机会。
It's a truck explosion.
这是卡车爆炸。
A truck owned by a recycling company called Chambers Paper Fiber, was blown up underneath the Manhattan Bridge in Brooklyn.
一家名为钱伯斯纸纤维的回收公司拥有的一辆卡车在布鲁克林曼哈顿大桥下被炸毁。
When Detective Cowen gets there, the owner of the company-- a guy named Sal Benedetto-- tells him that he'd been having trouble with the mob.
当考恩警探到达那里时，该公司的老板——一个名叫萨尔·贝内代托的人——告诉他，他一直在与暴徒发生冲突。
That the second largest trash company in the city, a mob-run company, had taken his biggest customer, so he turned around and took one of the mob's customers.
得知城里第二大垃圾公司，黑帮经营的公司，抢走了他最大的客户，所以他转身就抢走了黑帮的一位客户。
Ever since then, his drivers had been threatened, and now this truck was blown up.
从那时起，他的司机就受到了威胁，现在这辆卡车被炸毁了。
Detective Cowen remembers meeting Sal Benedetto this way.
考恩警探记得自己就是这样遇见萨尔·贝内代托的。
Very personable guy.
非常有风度的一个人。
And 15 minutes into the interview, his shop foreman interrupted us and said, Sal, the guy that burned the truck just drove by.
采访进行到 15 分钟时，他的车间领班打断了我们，说道：萨尔，烧卡车的那个人刚刚开车经过。
So we thought that maybe we could get outside and follow the car, or see the car, and get the license plate, you know, we'd have possibly information and evidence that we could lead for an arrest.
所以我们想也许我们可以出去跟踪那辆车，或者看到那辆车，拿到车牌，你知道，我们可能有信息和证据，可以导致逮捕。
So unbeknownst to us, as I was rushing out-- I was the first one to run out the door-- these two guys were coming in.
我们不知道的是，当我冲出去时——我是第一个跑出门外的——这两个人进来了。
You know, I startled them, they startled me, and I stopped right in my tracks.
你知道，我吓到了他们，他们也吓到了我，然后我就停了下来。
This one guy was built like a big football player.
这家伙的身材就像一名大个子足球运动员。
The second guy had his hand in his pocket and pointed as if he had a gun.
第二个人把手插在口袋里，手指着，好像拿着枪。
The larger of the two was doing all the talking.
两个人中较大的一个一直在说话。
He asked who I was, and with no rhyme or reason, the owner, Sal Benedetto, says, "That's cousin Dan.
他问我是谁，店主萨尔·贝内代托毫无缘由地说道：“那是丹的表弟。
He works here." Or something to that effect.
他在这里工作。”或者有类似效果的东西。
So Sal just instinctively just gives you a cover.
所以萨尔只是本能地给你一个掩护。
Yeah.
是的。
Calling the cops in this business is a death sentence.
在这种事情上报警就等于判了死刑。
It's just not done.
只是还没有完成。
Mob guys want to know if the Benedettos are going to give up the customer that they just stole from the mob.
黑帮成员想知道贝内代托一家是否会放弃他们刚刚从黑帮那里偷来的顾客。
And Detective Cowen, aka their brand new cousin Danny, finds himself in the middle of this discussion.
考恩警探，又名他们的新表弟丹尼，发现自己卷入了这场讨论。
And this guy said that there was going to be a sit down over this, and he demand to know, by two o'clock, what our intentions were.
这个人说要坐下来讨论这个问题，他要求在两点之前知道我们的意图是什么。
And he gave me a business card with a phone number on the back and wanted to be called at that number.
他给了我一张名片，背面有电话号码，并希望通过该号码拨打电话。
And that's what we did.
这就是我们所做的。
Hello?
你好？
Rick Cowen Hello.
里克·考恩 你好。
Are you the Raymond?
你是雷蒙德吗？
Yeah, this is Raymond.
是的，这是雷蒙德。
Rick Cowen This is Danny of Chambers Paper.
里克·考恩 我是钱伯斯纸业公司的丹尼。
Yeah.
是的。
I saw you.
我看见你。
Rick Cowen I saw you today with Sal.
里克·考恩 我今天和萨尔一起见到你。
And then you guys started getting stupid and started following me.
然后你们就开始变得愚蠢并开始跟踪我。
No, we were leaving.
不，我们要走了。
We saw you backing up the [UNINTELLIGIBLE] down the street--
我们看到你在街上倒车[无法辨认]——
I'm not stupid.
我并不傻。
Rick Cowen Listen.
里克·考恩听着。
I'm not stupid either.
我也不傻。
Listen--
听着——
Now he's accusing you of following him.
现在他指责你跟踪他。
Did you guys follow him after you left the place?
你们离开之后有没有跟着他？
Yeah.
是的。
We followed him-- and they obviously saw us, and they looped around, and we let them go at that point.
我们跟着他——他们显然看到了我们，他们绕了一圈，我们就让他们走了。
We would like to sit down and get together.
我们想坐下来聚在一起。
All right.
好的。
Rick Cowen You know, can you come over here?
Rick Cowen 你知道吗，你能过来一下吗？
When?
什么时候？
Rick Cowen No, I mean-- no, next week.
Rick Cowen 不，我是说——不，下周。
Next week you want to do it?
下周你想做吗？
Rick Cowen Right.
里克·考恩 对。
In this tape, you sound a little bit nervous.
在这盘磁带中，你听起来有点紧张。
You can hear your voice shaking.
你可以听到你的声音在颤抖。
You can hear you breathing while he's talking.
他说话时你可以听到你的呼吸声。
Well, I was very nervous making this phone call, no doubt about it.
嗯，毫无疑问，我在打这个电话时非常紧张。
I knew nothing about the garbage business other than what I was told since I was a little kid, that it was all mob-controlled.
我对垃圾行业一无所知，只知道我从小就被告知，这一切都是暴徒控制的。
We will sit down like gentlemen, and we--
我们会像绅士一样坐下来，然后我们——
No problem.
没问题。
That's what I want.
这就是我想要的。
That's what I want.
这就是我想要的。
But you know, I mean, I'll meet you halfway.
但你知道，我的意思是，我会在半路上遇见你。
I mean--
我的意思是——
I'll meet you halfway if you meet me halfway.
如果你半路遇见我，我就半路遇见你。
The only thing I want is for us to sit down and discuss this like men.
我唯一想要的就是我们像男人一样坐下来讨论这个问题。
We weren't assuming that this was going to lead to a big undercover operation.
我们并没有假设这会导致大规模的卧底行动。
This was just some thug that came down to Chambers that day.
这只是那天来到钱伯斯的某个暴徒。
At best, the cops thought this guy might name some higher up in the mob who they could then drag in.
警察充其量认为这个人可能会指名道姓，然后他们就可以把他们拖进去。
But one conversation with the mobsters led to a second, and third, and pretty soon, the cops decided to turn the Irish Rick Cowen into the Italian Danny Benedetto, cousin Danny from Staten Island, full time, to see just how far it could go.
但与暴徒的一次谈话引发了第二次、第三次，很快，警察决定把爱尔兰人里克·考恩(Rick Cowen)变成意大利人丹尼·贝内代托(Danny Benedetto)，他是来自史泰登岛的表弟丹尼(Danny Benedetto)，全职，看看它能走多远。
The NYPD set him up with a fake ID, an SUV like the SUVs that guys in the garbage business drove, and a dummy apartment in a high rise building on Staten Island where a lot of Italians lived.
纽约警察局给他提供了一张假身份证、一辆像垃圾行业的家伙开的SUV一样的SUV，以及史坦顿岛一栋高层建筑中的一套虚拟公寓，那里住着很多意大利人。
Every day, Rick would drive from his real home, sneak into that building, get the SUV, and then drive to work at the Benedetto family recycling business, Chambers Papers, where Sal Benedetto gave him a full time job.
每天，里克都会开车从他真正的家出发，潜入那栋大楼，拿到SUV，然后开车去贝内代托家族的回收公司钱伯斯纸业工作，萨尔·贝内代托在那里为他提供了一份全职工作。
Because some of the mob guys knew the Benedetto family going back generations-- some of them had actually come from the same town in Italy-- Rick had to learn the entire family tree of this huge family, which was kind of a nightmare, actually.
因为一些黑帮成员认识贝内代托家族几代人——其中一些人实际上来自意大利的同一个城镇——瑞克必须了解这个大家族的整个家谱，这实际上是一场噩梦。
He also had to learn from Sal everything about the recycled paper business.
他还必须向萨尔学习有关再生纸业务的一切。
The processes, the grades of paper.
纸张的工艺、等级。
The paper recycling business had 25 different paper grades.
纸张回收业务有 25 种不同的纸张等级。
Single white ledgers, soft color ledger, mixed office waste, CPO groundwood, CPO laser free.
单白色分类账、柔和彩色分类账、混合办公垃圾、CPO磨木、免激光CPO。
Things like this.
诸如此类的事情。
Any equipment that went along with it.
任何与之配套的设备。
I mean, if-- and this happens later on in the case, where a guy would say, hey, what kind of [UNINTELLIGIBLE] are you running in your shop?
我的意思是，如果——这种情况后来发生在这种情况下，一个人会说，嘿，你在你的店里跑什么样的[难以理解]？
I mean, I had to know these things.
我的意思是，我必须知道这些事情。
Man.
男人。
Rick Cowen But I would have coffee with Sal around 10 or 10:30 in the morning, and when we'd go out, we'd talk about things like this.
Rick Cowen：但是我会在早上 10 点或 10:30 左右与 Sal 一起喝咖啡，当我们出去时，我们会谈论这样的事情。
And Sal knew the business, and it was almost like he could do it in his sleep, but he couldn't articulate it to me very well.
萨尔了解这行生意，几乎就像他可以在睡梦中做到这一点，但他无法向我清楚地表达出来。
But eventually, I learned enough to pull it off like people who had been in the business for generations.
但最终，我学到了足够多的知识，能够像几代从事这个行业的人一样成功。
How much danger was the Benedetto family putting itself in to let you all do this?
贝内代托家族到底冒了多大的危险才让你们这么做？
A considerable amount of danger.
相当大的危险。
Certainly Sal.
当然是萨尔。
Sal told people in the industry that I was his second cousin.
萨尔告诉业内人士，我是他的表弟。
He could have been killed.
他可能会被杀。
The way the sting worked was this.
刺痛的原理是这样的。
While Rick was working at Chambers Papers, he got himself involved in several turf wars with the mob.
当里克在钱伯斯文件公司工作时，他卷入了与暴徒的几次地盘争夺战。
One of these actually involved the company that produces the number one mob TV series in America, HBO.
其中之一实际上涉及制作美国排名第一的黑帮电视剧 HBO 的公司。
HBO headquarters in New York had their paper recycling hauled out by a company that happened to be controlled by the mob-- like most haulers were.
纽约 HBO 总部的纸张回收是由一家恰好由暴徒控制的公司拖运的——就像大多数运输公司一样。
Nothing unusual about that.
这没什么不寻常的。
Sal Benedetto's company, Chambers, bid for their garbage collection business.
萨尔·贝内代托 (Sal Benedetto) 的公司钱伯斯 (Chambers) 竞标其垃圾收集业务。
And because their bid was lower than the mob-run company, they got the job, taking it from the mobsters.
由于他们的出价低于黑帮经营的公司，他们从黑帮手中夺走了这份工作。
The cartel wouldn't stand for that.
卡特尔不会容忍这种行为。
Never stood for that kind of thing.
从来不代表那种事情。
And mobsters came to shake Rick down, demanding $240,000 as payment for taking the HBO job.
暴徒们前来勒索瑞克，要求支付 24 万美元作为接替 HBO 工作的报酬。
Naturally, Rick recorded the shakedown, and the negotiations, and the payoffs.
自然地，里克记录了这次的勒索、谈判和回报。
He did this with a bunch of different buildings and garbage contracts.
他用一堆不同的建筑物和垃圾合同来做到这一点。
And eventually, because of all these deals he had going with the mob, the mobsters asked him to join their club-- to be part of the cartel that controlled New York City trash.
最终，由于他与暴徒进行了所有这些交易，暴徒邀请他加入他们的俱乐部 - 成为控制纽约市垃圾的卡特尔的一部分。
Which is great for Rick, because now he was completely inside.
这对瑞克来说是件好事，因为现在他完全沉浸在里面了。
He went to their meetings and he recorded everything.
他参加了他们的会议并记录了一切。
As he got deeper and deeper into this world, one of the monsters, Frank Giovenco, became kind of a criminal mentor to Dan Benedetto, teaching him the ins and outs of how you deal with the mob.
随着他越来越深入这个世界，其中一个怪物弗兰克·吉奥文科（Frank Giovenco）成为了丹·贝内代托（Dan Benedetto）的犯罪导师，教他如何对付暴徒的来龙去脉。
He was a careful guy.
他是一个小心翼翼的人。
Even though he was young, he was schooling me, and he tended to like me.
尽管他很年轻，但他在教育我，而且他很喜欢我。
Let me play you a little clip of tape.
让我给你播放一小段磁带。
Now, this is very hard to hear.
现在，这很难听到了。
It's going to be hard to hear over the radio.
通过收音机很难听到。
Let me just play a little clip.
让我播放一个小片段。
Happens all the time.
一直在发生。
We always compensate, tell them what's coming up-- [INAUDIBLE].
我们总是补偿，告诉他们即将发生什么——[听不清]。
And basically, he's just whispering to you.
基本上，他只是对你低声说话。
Yes.
是的。
Because we're in the association.
因为我们是协会的。
So in the association, this is where a lot of the scheming is done.
所以在协会里，这是很多阴谋的地方。
But they don't want to talk about bids there.
但他们不想在那里谈论出价。
Because in case the government is listening--
因为万一政府正在倾听——
Don't worry about that.
不用担心这个。
That's what I'm telling you.
这就是我要告诉你的。
You follow what I'm saying?
你听懂我说的了吗？
We can't worry about that [INAUDIBLE].
我们不用担心这个[听不清]。
He liked to get right close to you, right in front of your face, and whisper into your ear.
他喜欢靠近你，在你面前，在你耳边低语。
He had a idiosyncrasy.
他有一个特质。
Like, he liked to tap you, tap you at the front of your shirt when he was talking.
就像，他说话时喜欢拍拍你，拍拍你的衬衫前面。
And I didn't want him to touch the head of the mike, so I put it behind the button, and then all he would feel is the button.
我不想让他触摸麦克风的头部，所以我把它放在按钮后面，然后他感觉到的就是按钮。
[INAUDIBLE] Manhattan?
[听不清] 曼哈顿？
There's always, always work coming out.
总是有工作出现。
Look at-- [INAUDIBLE].
看看——[听不清]。
One of these tapes you got, this guy named Ed Tamley actually names Vincent Chin Gigante.
你拿到的一盘磁带里，这个名叫埃德·塔姆利的人实际上名叫文森特·钦·吉甘特。
How significant is it for somebody to name the Chin on tape?
对于某人来说，在磁带上说出下巴的名字有多重要？
That was a home run.
那是一个本垒打。
That was one of the most incriminating conversations.
这是最有罪的谈话之一。
The Chin, just a couple years after that, went on trial with the federal government.
仅仅几年后，《下巴》就接受了联邦政府的审判。
The FBI had a case.
联邦调查局（FBI）有一个案件。
And even they didn't have direct evidence like that.
甚至他们也没有这样的直接证据。
They did not have conversations like that.
他们没有这样的谈话。
This was a home run.
这是一个本垒打。
Eddie was explaining who was the boss, and the illegal activities of the association.
艾迪正在解释谁是老大，以及协会的非法活动。
[UNINTELLIGIBLE] Rick Cowen Are you sure?
[无法辨认] Rick Cowen 你确定吗？
Listen to me.
听我说。
I know what I'm talking about.
我知道我在说什么。
There was this family rule that he did not want his name talked about, and people should not get caught on tape talking about him.
有一条家庭规定，他不希望他的名字被谈论，人们也不应该被录音带发现谈论他。
They might point to their chin.
他们可能会指着自己的下巴。
That was a code name for the Chin.
这是钦人的代号。
But here we had Tamley spelling it out.
但在这里，我们让 Tamley 拼写了它。
Yeah, he's the boss there.
是的，他是那里的老板。
He's always been.
他一直都是。
The mobsters were paranoid about being taped, and Rick had many close calls where they nearly found him out.
匪徒们对被录像感到偏执，瑞克有很多次险些被警察发现。
The worst of these happened when one of the mobsters ran into one of Sal Benedetto's cousins from out of town at a waste industry golf outing.
其中最糟糕的事情发生了，其中一名歹徒在一次废物处理行业高尔夫球郊游中遇到了萨尔·贝内代托的一位外地表兄弟。
Remember, the Benedettos are this big Italian family, and wise guy is talking to this out-of-town cousin, and somehow they get on the subject of Danny Benedetto.
请记住，贝内代托家族是一个意大利大家族，聪明人正在与这位外地表弟交谈，不知怎的，他们谈到了丹尼·贝内代托的话题。
Danny, of course, is really Detective Rick Cowen.
当然，丹尼确实是里克·考恩侦探。
And the cousin doesn't know about the sting operation, And he tells the mobster, no, no, you got it wrong.
表弟并不知道诱捕行动，他告诉歹徒，不，不，你错了。
There is no Danny Benedetto in our family.
我们家里没有丹尼·贝内代托。
No such person exists.
不存在这样的人。
As you might expect, this news spreads like wildfire.
正如你所料，这个消息像野火一样传播开来。
Maybe Danny, that is, Rick, was a cop.
也许丹尼，即里克，是一名警察。
Sal hears about this, and he tells Rick about what's happening.
萨尔听说了这件事，他告诉里克发生了什么事。
And sure enough, one night as Rick is closing up the transfer station, he gets beeped by Joe Francolino himself, one of the bosses.
果然，有一天晚上，当里克关闭转运站时，他接到了老板之一乔·弗兰科利诺本人的嘟嘟声。
He wants to see Dan Benedetto immediately at a restaurant called Pirino's.
他想立即在一家名为 Pirino's 的餐厅见到 Dan Benedetto。
So he gave me directions to a restaurant where I've never been, and he even told me where to park.
所以他给我指了路去一家我从未去过的餐馆，他甚至告诉我在哪里停车。
And I went to this pay parking lot.
我去了这个收费停车场。
And as I was going to get the ticket and pay, the guy says, "What's your name?" I mean, no one ever asks you your name in these places.
当我准备买票并付款时，那家伙说：“你叫什么名字？”我的意思是，在这些地方没有人问你的名字。
You just pull in, you get the ticket, and you go.
你只要把车停进去，拿到票，然后就可以走了。
I told him Dan.
我告诉他丹。
He says, oh, park in the back and take your keys with you.
他说，哦，把车停在后面，带上你的钥匙。
So this made me even more nervous.
所以这让我更加紧张。
And I walked up the block, and I went into this place, and at first I saw no one.
我沿着街区走去，走进这个地方，一开始我没有看到任何人。
So I thought I had the wrong address.
所以我以为我地址错了。
I stepped back out to the sidewalk, looked at the sign, and sure enough, it was Pirino's.
我退到人行道上，看了看招牌，果然是皮里诺的。
So I went back in.
于是我就回去了。
I felt like Luca Brasi, going to that restaurant with those Italians and they gave him that famous Sicilian necktie.
我感觉就像卢卡·布拉西（Luca Brasi）一样，和那些意大利人一起去那家餐馆，他们给了他那条著名的西西里领带。
I mean, I was-- my knees were weak.
我的意思是，我的膝盖很虚弱。
I couldn't even feel the ground underneath my feet.
我什至感觉不到脚下的地面。
I was scared to death.
我吓得要死。
And I didn't see him.
而我没有看到他。
I didn't see the bartender.
我没有看到调酒师。
So I went downstairs.
于是我下了楼。
And just as I was getting down from the bottom step, Joe Francolino came around the side, out of the men's room.
正当我从最底层的台阶上下来时，乔·弗兰科利诺从旁边走过来，从男厕所里出来。
But it just startled me.
但这只是让我吃惊。
I was already nervous, and that really put a scare into me.
我本来就很紧张，这确实让我感到害怕。
And Francolino took me to a table in the back, and we started having dinner.
弗兰科利诺带我到后面的一张桌子旁，我们开始吃晚饭。
Small chit chat.
小闲聊。
He was careful.
他很小心。
And then he said to me that someone told somebody, secondhand, that a relative, a relation of yours, says there's no Dan Benedetto.
然后他对我说，有人间接告诉某人，你的一个亲戚，说没有丹·贝内代托。
And you know, Joe's a tough guy.
你知道，乔是个硬汉。
He's got this like broken nose-looking kind of look.
他的样子就像鼻子断了一样。
And he was very, very scary.
他非常非常可怕。
But I tried to play it off as best I could.
但我尽力表现得很好。
Are you actually a Benedetto?
你真的是贝内代托人吗？
Rick Cowen Yes.
里克·考恩 是的。
Your last name is Benedetto?
你姓贝内代托吗？
Rick Cowen Benedetto.
里克·考恩·贝内代托。
I mean, I am-- I'm one of the Benedettos.
我的意思是，我是贝内代托家族的一员。
I'm a Benedetto.
我是贝内代托。
Yes.
是的。
Joe Francolino All right.
乔·弗兰科利诺 好吧。
Give me your license and let me go forward.
给我你的许可证，让我继续前进。
He asks me for my wallet.
他向我要钱包。
He wants to see my driver's license, and then we'll go forward.
他想查看我的驾驶执照，然后我们就继续。
Dan is my name.
丹是我的名字。
I mean, my wife is [UNINTELLIGIBLE] Jim, I mean--
我的意思是，我的妻子是[无法理解]吉姆，我的意思是——
It's good that you took off that beard.
你把胡子剃掉了真是太好了。
This don't even look like you.
这根本就不像你。
He's saying, it's good that you took off that beard, because this don't even look like you.
他说，你把胡子剃掉真好，因为这根本不像你。
And he laughed.
他笑了。
In the picture taken for the license, I had a beard.
在为驾照拍摄的照片中，我留着胡子。
You know, it's a picture I know.
你知道，这是我认识的一张照片。
I know the picture.
我知道那张照片。
So in the end, what do you say that finally convinces him?
那么最后你说什么才最终让他信服呢？
I know at one point, I'm not sure if you have the clip of it, but I said, you know, I don't know what else to say to you.
我知道在某一时刻，我不确定你是否有它的剪辑，但我说，你知道，我不知道还能对你说些什么。
What we can do is-- He goes, you know, I have be careful.
我们能做的是——他走了，你知道，我必须小心。
I said, I know, a man like you, you have to be careful.
我说，我知道，你这样的男人，一定要小心。
And you're going to check it out.
你要去检查一下。
And when the dust settles, if everything's OK, you give me a call, you know where to find me.
当尘埃落定，如果一切顺利，你给我打电话，你知道在哪里可以找到我。
Other than that, I don't know what to say.
除此之外，我不知道该说什么。
In the end, Rick had so many tapes, so much evidence against the mob, that when he testified before a grand jury, it took him three months to tell everything that he knew.
最后，里克拥有如此多的录音带，如此多的针对暴徒的证据，以至于当他在大陪审团面前作证时，他花了三个月的时间才讲述了他所知道的一切。
When trials began, he was on the witness stand for nine weeks.
审判开始时，他在证人席上呆了九周。
In 1997, 72 defendants were charged, including all the principal members of the cartel and their trade associations and companies.
1997年，72名被告受到指控，其中包括该卡特尔及其行业协会和公司的所有主要成员。
Two got probation.
两人获得缓刑。
Everyone else was convicted, barred from the garbage industry, and imprisoned.
其他人都被定罪，被禁止进入垃圾行业，并被监禁。
All the companies were shut down.
所有公司都被关闭。
Price on garbage removal in New York City dropped 40%.
纽约市的垃圾清除价格下降了 40%。
The prices dropped dramatically after this case.
此案发生后，价格大幅下跌。
It was said by Mayor Giuliani, at the time there was a $600 million dollar reduction throughout the city.
朱利安尼市长表示，当时全市减少了 6 亿美元的资金。
It was equivalent to the biggest tax break they ever had.
这相当于他们有史以来最大的税收减免。
In some buildings, the change in price is sort of stunning.
在某些建筑物中，价格的变化令人震惊。
55 Water Street in Manhattan saw its garbage removal costs drop $1 million a year.
曼哈顿水街 55 号的垃圾清除成本每年下降 100 万美元。
Blue Cross Blue Shield on Third Avenue saved a half million.
第三大道的 Blue Cross Blue Shield 节省了 50 万。
The World Trade Center saved $2.5 million.
世贸中心节省了 250 万美元。
After everything came down, Sal Benedetto was given the option of the Witness Protection Program, but he declined.
一切顺利后，萨尔·贝内代托可以选择证人保护计划，但他拒绝了。
He was given police protection until he died of natural causes three years later.
他受到警方保护，直到三年后自然死亡。
The leaders of the cartel are still in prison, but most of the guys are out now.
该贩毒集团的头目仍在监狱中，但大多数人现已出狱。
Rick could actually run into them on the street.
瑞克实际上可能会在街上遇到他们。
I bumped into a couple of guys I knew from the club, but not any of the guys that went to jail.
我遇到了几个我在俱乐部认识的人，但没有遇到任何入狱的人。
And what happens when you bump into guys from the club?
当你遇到俱乐部里的人时会发生什么？
The one guy just asked what I was doing.
那个人刚刚问我在做什么。
I didn't answer him.
我没有回答他。
I said, what are you doing?
我说，你在做什么？
He goes, a little of this, a little of that.
他走了，一点这个，一点那个。
But he said first, he said, "Hey Dan, or whoever you are." And that was about it.
但他首先说，“嘿丹，或者不管你是谁。”就是这样。
I went on my way.
我继续赶路。
And that was it.
就是这样。
Detective Rick Cowen.
瑞克·考恩侦探。
He's written a book with Douglas Century about his life undercover with the mob in the sting operation.
他与道格拉斯世纪公司合作写了一本书，讲述了他在诱捕行动中与暴徒一起卧底的生活。
It's called to Take Down: The Fall of the Last Mafia Empire.
它被称为“打倒：最后的黑手党帝国的陨落”。
Before we leave this subject, I should say that in the years since 1997, when the cartel was crushed, things have changed again in the New York Trash industry.
在我们离开这个话题之前，我应该说，自 1997 年卡特尔被镇压以来，纽约垃圾行业的情况再次发生了变化。
And in a sense, the same thing that happened to the trash business in New York has happened to all sorts of businesses all over the country, which is that lots of little companies have been bought up or driven out of business by a handful, a small handful, of big, national companies.
从某种意义上说，发生在纽约垃圾行业的同样的事情也发生在全国各地的各种企业身上，那就是许多小公司被少数几家大型全国性公司收购或驱逐。
And as a result, that 40% savings that happened when the mob was driven out of the garbage business may be gone.
结果，当暴徒被赶出垃圾行业时节省的 40% 可能会消失。
For a brief period there were price reductions.
价格在短时间内有所下降。
Those price reductions, my understanding is, have been erased.
据我了解，这些降价已经被取消了。
Ben Miller was Director of Policy Planning for New York under Mayor Giuliani.
本·米勒 (Ben Miller) 是朱利安尼市长领导下的纽约政策规划主任。
He's written a history of garbage in New York called Fat of the Land.
他写了一本关于纽约垃圾的历史，名为《土地的肥沃》（Fat of the Land）。
Instead of having a few dozen people collecting waste in New York City, we're down to a small handful of national companies.
我们不再有几十个人在纽约市收集垃圾，而是只剩下少数几家全国性公司。
Certainly the prices have gone up significantly recently, and other waste has gone up as well, so that the prices overall, I don't think, are any lower than they were before this change took place.
当然，最近价格大幅上涨，其他废物也上涨，因此我认为总体价格不会比发生此变化之前低。
And we see prices continuing to increase.
我们看到价格继续上涨。
Watching the prices go up in this industry after the mob got kicked out, Sal Benedetto said, quote, "Look.
萨尔·贝内代托（Sal Benedetto）看到暴徒被赶走后，这个行业的价格不断上涨，他引用道：“看。
The only difference between the majors"-- corporations-- "and the boys"-- the mob-- "is that the majors don't actually kill you."
“专业人士”——企业——“和男孩”——暴徒——“之间的唯一区别是，专业人士实际上并没有杀死你。”
Our program was produced today by Wendy Dorr and myself with Alex Blumberg, Diane Cook, and Starlee Kine.
今天我们的节目由温迪·多尔和我与亚历克斯·布隆伯格、黛安·库克和斯塔莉·凯恩共同制作。
Our senior producer is Julie Snyder.
我们的高级制片人是朱莉·斯奈德。
Elizabeth Meister runs our website.
伊丽莎白·梅斯特 (Elizabeth Meister) 负责运营我们的网站。
Production help from Todd Bachmann and Stacy Tiderington.
托德·巴赫曼 (Todd Bachmann) 和史黛西·泰德林顿 (Stacy Tiderington) 为制作提供帮助。
Bill Rathje's book is called Rubbish!: The Archaeology of Garbage.
Bill Rathje 的书名为《垃圾！：垃圾考古学》。
[ACKNOWLEDGMENTS] You know you can download audio of our program an audible.com/thisamericanlife.
[致谢] 您知道您可以从 audible.com/thisamericanlife 下载我们节目的音频。
[FUNDING CREDITS] This American Life is distributed by Public Radio International.
[资金来源]《美国生活》由国际公共广播电台发行。
WBEZ management oversight by Torey Malatia, who calls me into his office every day, lowers the lights, and reminds me--
WBEZ 的管理由托里·马拉蒂亚 (Torey Malatia) 负责监督，他每天都会把我叫到他的办公室，调暗灯光，并提醒我——
Calling the cops in this business is a death sentence.
在这种事情上报警就等于判了死刑。
It's just not done.
只是还没有完成。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Back next week with more stories of This American Life.
下周我们将带来更多《美国生活》的故事。
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。