16: Economy - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #16 | March 14, 1996 16: Economy Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 16 集 | 1996 年 3 月 14 日 16：经济 注：《美国生活》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
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如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Act One: Presumptiveness Ira Glass Well, in this moment of our presidential election process, let us consider the plight of a group whose sad fate we do not usually consider, a group we do not usually count among society's victims.
第一幕：推定 艾拉·格拉斯 好吧，在我们总统选举过程的这个时刻，让我们考虑一下我们通常不会考虑的一个群体的困境，他们的悲惨命运我们通常不会考虑，我们通常不会将这个群体算作社会的受害者。
I refer to moderate Republicans, because they have seen the future.
我指的是温和的共和党人，因为他们看到了未来。
And the future has a name.
未来有一个名字。
And the future's name is Bob Dole, the man now invariably referred to as the presumptive nominee, except of course by himself.
未来的名字是鲍勃·多尔（Bob Dole），这个人现在总是被称为推定提名人，当然除了他自己。
He always refers to himself as Bob Dole.
他总是称自己为鲍勃·多尔。
And they are a pragmatic, roll up your sleeves, get the job done group, as a whole, the moderate Republicans are.
而且他们是一个务实、卷起袖子、把工作做好的群体，总体来说，是温和的共和党人。
And they will do what is necessary for victory in the fall to get the White House.
他们将采取一切必要措施，在秋季取得胜利，入主白宫。
But just last week, when we convened a small, unscientific panel of four Republicans, only one of the four was actually happy about the presumptive nominee.
但就在上周，当我们召集了一个由四名共和党人组成的小型、不科学的小组时，四人中只有一人真正对推定提名人感到高兴。
Well, from WBEZ Chicago, it is Your Radio Playhouse.
嗯，来自芝加哥 WBEZ，它是 Your Radio Playhouse。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
In our program today, politics, economics, you know, the big picture.
在我们今天的节目中，政治、经济，你知道，大局。
And later on in our program, we hire two temp workers.
后来在我们的计划中，我们雇用了两名临时工。
And we put them to work doing a radio story about being temp workers.
我们让他们去做一个关于临时工的广播故事。
And these guys aren't office workers.
这些人不是办公室职员。
These guys are part of the massive number of workers in our country right now who do temp work in factories and industrial settings.
这些人是我们国家目前在工厂和工业环境中从事临时工作的大量工人的一部分。
That will be Act Two.
那将是第二幕。
That means later.
这意味着以后。
Because right now, we're on Act One, Presumptiveness.
因为现在我们正在进行第一幕“推定”。
The Republicans we convened for our panel were these people, and gave very generously of their time, I should say, because the power went out in Navy Pier in the middle of our interviews.
我们为我们的小组召集的共和党人就是这些人，我应该说，他们非常慷慨地投入了时间，因为在我们采访过程中海军码头停电了。
So these people not only-- we started our interview, then we had to take them out for drinks, and then we had to bring them back.
所以这些人不仅——我们开始采访，然后我们不得不带他们出去喝酒，然后我们不得不把他们带回来。
So this is not just presumptiveness, but it's presumptiveness on the rocks.
所以这不仅仅是推定，而且是搁浅的推定。
That's what this segment is.
这就是这个片段的内容。
Our Republicans were [?
我们的共和党人是[？
Will Tinken, ?] a bonds trader, Diane Cohen, an attorney who is, I think it'd be more accurate to describe her as a libertarian than a moderate Republican, but still shared some views with these guys.
威尔·廷肯（Will Tinken），？]债券交易员，黛安·科恩（Diane Cohen），律师，我认为将她描述为自由主义者而不是温和的共和党人更准确，但仍然与这些人分享了一些观点。
[?
[？
Brian Castle, ?] a bonds trader and money manager and 43rd Ward Republican committeeman.
布莱恩·卡斯尔 (Brian Castle)，？] 债券交易员和资金经理，第 43 选区共和党委员。
And Dan Parisi, who owns a pizza restaurant out in the suburbs and also works as a telephone technician for Ameritech.
丹·帕里西 (Dan Parisi) 在郊区拥有一家披萨店，同时也是 Ameritech 的电话技术员。
And as of last Tuesday, this was Junior Tuesday, before Super Tuesday, before the New York primary, before Bob Dole was fully named the presumptive nominee, Will was the only one of the four people in our panel who would look you square in the eye and actually say he had a favorite candidate.
截至上周二，这是初中星期二，在超级星期二之前，在纽约初选之前，在鲍勃·多尔被完全指定为推定提名人之前，威尔是我们小组中四个人中唯一一个会直视你的眼睛并实际上说他有一个最喜欢的候选人的人。
Dole.
多尔。
And the reason I like Dole is I just like the way he's held together in this past month.
我喜欢多尔的原因是我喜欢他在过去一个月里团结一致的方式。
Talk about a trial by fire.
谈论火的审判。
His resume is impressive.
他的履历令人印象深刻。
He's got a unique perspective.
他有独特的视角。
And dare I say, I might be excited by Bob Dole.
我敢说，我可能会对鲍勃·多尔感到兴奋。
Smiles all around, I should say for people in the radio audience.
我应该对广播听众说，到处都是微笑。
Everyone else at the table just had a little grin.
桌上的其他人都只是微微一笑。
And there was a sort of rolling of eyes from Diane.
黛安娜翻了个白眼。
Diane?
黛安？
I'm just in denial.
我只是在否认。
I'm waiting for Jack Kemp to announce.
我正在等待杰克·坎普宣布。
So I'll pass on that.
所以我会转达这一点。
So you're having trouble finding a candidate who you like.
所以你很难找到你喜欢的候选人。
Yes.
是的。
They don't represent the ideals that brought me into the Republican Party.
它们并不代表我加入共和党的理想。
Ronald Reagan brought me in.
罗纳德·里根带我进来的。
And candidates I see are just not inspiring me in the same way.
我看到的候选人并没有以同样的方式激励我。
Brian?
布莱恩？
Brian Castle Well, I had liked Governor Pete Wilson of California early on, and so I was probably the most wrong person here at the panel, as he went out quickly.
布莱恩·卡斯尔（Brian Castle）：好吧，我很早就喜欢加利福尼亚州州长皮特·威尔逊（Pete Wilson），所以我可能是小组中最错误的人，因为他很快就退出了。
But I think Bob Dole would probably be a very good president.
但我认为鲍勃·多尔可能会是一位非常好的总统。
And I like Forbes as well.
我也喜欢福布斯。
Dan, what about you?
丹，你呢？
Are you having trouble finding a candidate you can love?
您是否很难找到自己喜欢的候选人？
I wish that Bob Dole could get as excited about Bob Dole as Will has gotten about Bob Dole.
我希望鲍勃·多尔能够像威尔对鲍勃·多尔那样感到兴奋。
At the time, Dan and Brian were still deciding between Dole and Forbes.
当时，丹和布莱恩仍在多尔和福布斯之间做出选择。
Diane described herself as "off the map," no candidate at all.
黛安形容自己“与世隔绝”，根本不是候选人。
They all said they wanted the next president to be somebody who would reduce the size of government, cut regulations.
他们都表示希望下一任总统能够缩小政府规模、减少监管。
Brian and Dan were especially forceful about the idea of eliminating the federal deficit.
布莱恩和丹对于消除联邦赤字的想法尤其强烈。
And so I proposed a theoretical candidate to our panel, somebody who would balance the federal budget in just a few years, somebody who promises to reduce the size of government and cut the capital gains tax, somebody who is for the death penalty and tougher sentences for juvenile offenders, somebody who is pro-choice.
因此，我向我们的小组提出了一位理论上的候选人，他将在短短几年内平衡联邦预算，他承诺缩小政府规模并削减资本利得税，他支持死刑和对青少年罪犯更严厉的判决，他支持堕胎。
All four of them said they would at least be curious to hear more about such a candidate.
他们四人都表示，他们至少有兴趣了解更多关于这样一位候选人的信息。
Or as Diane put it--
或者正如黛安所说——
Well, I'd like to hear what she has to say.
嗯，我想听听她要说什么。
And then I revealed to them that this theoretical candidate, the person who I was describing to them as an acceptable moderate Republican, was, if you haven't guessed this already, President Clinton.
然后我向他们透露，这个理论上的候选人，我向他们描述的可以接受的温和派共和党人，如果你还没猜到的话，就是克林顿总统。
This is where he stands on these issues.
这就是他在这些问题上的立场。
Want to elaborate on that point?
想详细说明这一点吗？
Everybody around the table, again, smiled.
桌子周围的每个人再次微笑。
I'll echo what Dan says.
我会回应丹所说的。
We may agree with a lot of the positions that President Clinton carries today.
我们可能同意克林顿总统今天所采取的许多立场。
And again, I say today.
我今天再说一遍。
But we don't know where he'll be tomorrow.
但我们不知道他明天会在哪里。
I don't happen to believe that President Clinton is as high of integrity person that we should have in the White House.
我不认为克林顿总统是白宫应有的高度正直的人。
I think that most of the Republican candidates right now do hold that integrity.
我认为现在大多数共和党候选人确实保持着这种正直。
And I'd rather see one of them in there.
我宁愿在那里看到他们中的一个。
Will?
将要？
Will Tinken I can't think of anybody in the field right now, the Republican field, that would not do better than President Clinton with the same views.
威尔·廷肯（Will Tinken） 我想不出现在在共和党领域里，有谁不会比克林顿总统持有同样的观点。
For many people, the coming presidential election is a lot like the last one in one significant way.
对于许多人来说，即将到来的总统选举在一个重要方面与上一场非常相似。
For these people, there is only one issue.
对于这些人来说，只有一个问题。
They do not like Bill Clinton.
他们不喜欢比尔·克林顿。
But maybe, maybe, moderate Republicans could be persuaded over to Bill Clinton's side, the way that moderate Democrats in droves, in masses, in national waves, were persuaded over to Ronald Reagan's side and George Bush's side-- once, anyway.
但也许，也许，温和的共和党人可以被说服到比尔·克林顿一边，就像温和派民主党人成群结队、在群众中、在全国浪潮中被说服到罗纳德·里根和乔治·布什一边一样——无论如何，曾经有过一次。
I enlisted a little help to find out.
我寻求了一些帮助来找出答案。
OK, well, joining us now by telephone is Gary LaPaille, who's state chairman of the Democratic party.
好的，现在民主党州主席加里·拉帕耶 (Gary LaPaille) 通过电话加入我们。
Gary LaPaille, are you there?
加里·拉佩尔，你在吗？
I'm here.
我在这儿。
Ira Glass All right.
艾拉·格拉斯 好吧。
So you're there.
所以你就在那里。
So Gary LaPaille, let me just review for a second.
加里·拉佩尔（Gary LaPaille），让我回顾一下。
The four Republicans who are seated here with me have conceded that when it comes to the issues, many of President Clinton's stands and promises are fine with them.
和我一起坐在这儿的四位共和党人承认，在谈到这些问题时，克林顿总统的许多立场和承诺对他们来说是没有问题的。
But when it comes to him the man, they are perhaps not so comfortable.
但说到他这个男人，他们或许就不那么舒服了。
Do you want to try to sell them on the idea for a second?
你想尝试向他们推销这个想法吗？
Well, this is a person that is probably the first generation, our generation, that has become president.
嗯，这可能是第一代，我们这一代，成为总统的人。
And our generation, I think it's our time to provide the leadership of this nation.
对于我们这一代人来说，我认为现在是我们领导这个国家的时候了。
You [UNINTELLIGIBLE] to a Bob Dole, he's had his time.
你[无法理解]对于鲍勃·多尔来说，他已经度过了他的时光。
He's had some--
他有过一些——
Now I should say that at this point, the panel looked around at each other, and everybody was shaking their heads.
现在我应该说，此时此刻，小组成员面面相觑，每个人都在摇头。
This was clearly not working with our panel.
这显然不适合我们的小组。
And this might seem like an odd approach for Gary LaPaille to take.
对于加里·拉佩尔来说，这似乎是一种奇怪的做法。
But according to newspaper reports, to differentiate President Clinton and Bob Dole, who share many of the same stands on many issues, White House officials are saying that they're going to play up the age and generation difference.
但据报纸报道，克林顿总统和鲍勃·多尔在许多问题上有着相同的立场，为了区分他们，白宫官员表示，他们将夸大年龄和代际差异。
Gary LaPaille is basically giving us a preview here of what we're going to be hearing throughout the next few months as we get into the general election.
加里·拉佩尔（Gary LaPaille）基本上是在向我们预览未来几个月当我们进入大选时我们将听到的内容。
Gary LaPaille is saying what basically any leading Democratic politician will be saying about the president at this moment.
加里·拉佩尔所说的基本上是任何主要民主党政客此刻都会对总统说的话。
And what was interesting about it was it was not persuasive with our panel.
有趣的是，它对我们的小组来说没有说服力。
Gary, I agree that he is of course of a certain Baby Boom generation.
加里，我同意他当然属于婴儿潮一代。
But that's no excuse for some of the things.
但这并不是某些事情的借口。
But I guess what Ira was saying before was we agreed with some of his positions today.
但我想艾拉之前所说的是我们今天同意他的一些立场。
But they're not positions he necessarily held six months ago, a year ago, or two years ago.
但这些职位不一定是他六个月前、一年前或两年前担任的职位。
How do you answer the question that he doesn't stand on the issues firmly?
对于他在问题上立场不坚定，你如何回答？
Well, I would have to say that when he first got into office, the first six months, we stood very firmly and got this economy back on track and put a plan in place, supported by only Democrats, that has reduced this deficit three years in a row, first time since Harry Truman, and has reduced it by over 50%.
嗯，我不得不说，当他第一次上任时，也就是头六个月，我们立场非常坚定，让经济重回正轨，并制定了一项仅得到民主党支持的计划，连续三年减少了赤字，这是自哈里·杜鲁门以来的首次，并将其减少了 50% 以上。
That was the whole debate in 1992, and we did it--
这就是 1992 年的整个辩论，我们做到了——
A brisk discussion of the economy followed this.
随后就经济问题进行了热烈的讨论。
People were astonishingly well informed, I should say.
我应该说，人们的消息灵通得惊人。
They threw around budget numbers and dates and specifics about the first Clinton budget and the second Clinton budget and consequences for Social Security.
他们抛出了预算数字、日期以及有关克林顿第一个预算和第二个克林顿预算的具体细节以及对社会保障的影响。
And what was interesting was that none of the Republicans gave President Clinton any of the credit for the eight million jobs created over the last four years, or the rising stock market, or the record number of new small business starts.
有趣的是，没有一个共和党人将过去四年创造的 800 万个就业机会、不断上涨的股市、创纪录的新开办的小企业数量归功于克林顿总统。
Our panelists said that the normal business cycle would've done all of that anyway.
我们的小组成员表示，无论如何，正常的商业周期都会完成这一切。
They pointed out that among these jobs were a disproportionate number of low-wage jobs.
他们指出，在这些工作中，低工资工作的数量不成比例。
And even the one area where President Clinton did stick his neck out, on his first budget, which did make dramatic cuts in the federal deficit, even here, they gave the president no credit.
即使是克林顿总统在他的第一份预算中不遗余力的领域，确实大幅削减了联邦赤字，但即使在这一领域，他们也没有给予总统任何荣誉。
The cuts were not deep enough and not done with real conviction on his part, they said.
他们表示，削减幅度不够大，而且他也没有真正坚定地执行这项举措。
Gary LaPaille, however, kept trying.
然而，加里·拉佩尔（Gary LaPaille）继续努力。
Even the federal budget, people say, "Oh, well, Democrats are big spenders.
即使是联邦预算，人们也会说：“哦，好吧，民主党人花钱大手大脚。
And we've got to cut government." Right now, under Bill Clinton, we have the lowest federal government workforce since the days of John F.
我们必须削减政府开支。”目前，在比尔·克林顿的领导下，我们的联邦政府劳动力数量是自约翰·肯尼迪时代以来最少的。
Kennedy, 270,000 less federal employees under this president from the day he took office.
肯尼迪总统的任期从他上任之日起减少了 27 万名联邦雇员。
So something's working.
所以有些东西正在发挥作用。
He's agreed to balance his budget in seven years.
他同意在七年内平衡预算。
Gary Lapelle, I'm afraid I don't think you're winning many converts here.
加里·拉佩尔（Gary Lapelle），恐怕我不认为你在这里赢得了很多皈依者。
People are shaking their heads no. I've tried to deliver you four potential voters, but I don't believe that you've brought them home.
人们摇头说不。我试图为你们带来四名潜在选民，但我不相信你们已经把他们带回家了。
We may be right on all the issues regarding pro-choice.
我们在所有有关支持堕胎的问题上可能是正确的。
We may be right on some of the economic policies to go after moderate Republicans.
我们在一些针对温和共和党人的经济政策上可能是正确的。
But if you have people that are basically Republicans, they don't like being out of office.
但如果你的人基本上都是共和党人，他们就不喜欢下台。
And they're going to stick with whoever their Republican nominee is.
无论共和党提名人是谁，他们都会坚持下去。
Of course, the thing that bothers these Republicans the most about Bill Clinton, his waffling on the issues, is something that the presumptive Republican nominee does plenty of as well.
当然，比尔·克林顿最让这些共和党人烦恼的事情是他在问题上的胡言乱语，而这位共和党推定候选人也经常这样做。
Bob Dole has gone back and forth on the "No new taxes" pledge.
鲍勃·多尔在“不征收新税”的承诺上反复强调。
For a while, when Pat Buchanan was scoring lots of votes with economic populism, Republican-style, Bob Dole tried to pick it up.
有一段时间，当帕特·布坎南（Pat Buchanan）以共和党风格的经济民粹主义赢得大量选票时，鲍勃·多尔（Bob Dole）试图接手它。
Bob Dole even wavered on abortion rights a few weeks ago on television.
几周前，鲍勃·多尔甚至在电视上对堕胎权产生了动摇。
But as Brian Castle on our panel pointed out, our panel still prefers Bob Dole's wavering to the president's.
但正如我们小组中的布莱恩·卡斯尔（Brian Castle）指出的那样，我们的小组仍然更喜欢鲍勃·多尔（Bob Dole）的摇摆不定，而不是总统的摇摆不定。
Well, Bob Dole certainly has made some changes in his positions over a period of time.
嗯，鲍勃·多尔在一段时间内确实对他的立场做出了一些改变。
But I guess I'd have to believe that someone who's spent so many years in Washington, who has learned the process as well as Bob Dole, does have some base beliefs.
但我想我必须相信，一个在华盛顿呆了这么多年、和鲍勃·多尔一样了解这个过程的人，确实有一些基本的信念。
And I believe that.
我相信这一点。
And I really have a hard time believing that the current president does.
我真的很难相信现任总统会这么做。
I think Bob Dole would be much preferred to President Clinton, even with a waffle here or there.
我认为鲍勃·多尔会比克林顿总统更受欢迎，即使这里或那里有华夫饼。
See, because I wonder, as somebody observing this process, if in the end, whether it's Dole or Clinton in the White House, if we'll end up with significantly different policies coming out of the White House.
瞧，因为我想知道，作为观察这一过程的人，最终，无论是多尔还是克林顿入主白宫，我们最终是否会从白宫推出截然不同的政策。
That is, under the Clinton presidency, what we've seen is the debate driven by the Republicans in Congress.
也就是说，在克林顿总统任期内，我们看到的是国会中共和党人推动的辩论。
And that's certain to continue even in a Dole presidency.
即使在多尔担任总统期间，这种情况也肯定会继续下去。
And the president, if he's a kind of accommodator, who either Clinton or Dole is, will simply follow the political tide to where it goes and get similar results.
而总统，如果他是一个适应者，无论是克林顿还是多尔，他都会简单地跟随政治潮流，得到类似的结果。
Well, I think-- to some extent, I wanted to offer a bit of a reality check, because I think that even if we have a Republican president come in, we'll have most likely a Republican Congress at the same time.
嗯，我认为——在某种程度上，我想提供一些现实检验，因为我认为即使我们有一位共和党总统上台，我们很可能同时也会有一个共和党国会。
The Republican ideas will then become law in some form.
共和党的想法随后将以某种形式成为法律。
They may not be the exact form that we want at one particular period of time, but the country will trend in that direction.
它们可能不是我们在某个特定时期想要的确切形式，但国家将朝这个方向发展。
And I believe that's good for the country.
我相信这对国家有利。
Diane, what about you?
黛安，你呢？
Diane Cohen I would vote for Bob Dole, even with my concerns, because I would view him as a facilitator of a Republican Congress.
黛安·科恩（Diane Cohen）：即使有我的担忧，我也会投票给鲍勃·多尔（Bob Dole），因为我将他视为共和党国会的推动者。
And that is where my hope lies, that together, we could see progress.
这就是我的希望所在，只要我们齐心协力，就能看到进步。
So you don't see President Clinton as being a kind of moderate Republican who happens to simply go under the name of Democrat?
所以你不认为克林顿总统是一位温和的共和党人，只是碰巧以民主党的名义出现？
I think Bill Clinton has proven that if we want moderate Republicans, he'll be a moderate Republican.
我认为比尔·克林顿已经证明，如果我们想要温和的共和党人，他就会成为温和的共和党人。
If we would like a lounge singer, he'd be a lounge singer.
如果我们想要一名休闲歌手，他就会是一名休闲歌手。
Will Tinken, Diane Cohen, Brian Castle, and Dan Parisi.
威尔·汀肯、黛安·科恩、布莱恩·卡斯尔和丹·帕里西。
[MUSIC PLAYING - "LOVE ME" BY ELVIS PRESLEY]
[音乐播放 - 猫王埃尔维斯·普雷斯利的《爱我》]
Act Two, The Economy.
第二幕，经济。
And let's begin this act with the man who made the economy a national issue again and the man who he steals all his best lines from.
让我们从这个让经济再次成为全国性问题的人和他窃取所有最好台词的人开始这一幕。
I believe in free enterprise.
我相信自由企业。
I believe in capitalism.
我相信资本主义。
But I believe we all ought to share in the prosperity.
但我相信我们都应该分享繁荣。
We think corporations should make profits.
我们认为企业应该盈利。
We support international free trade.
我们支持国际自由贸易。
But corporate greed is skewing our economy.
但企业的贪婪正在扭曲我们的经济。
I think it's wrong for us to put our own workers into dog-eat-dog competition.
我认为我们让自己的工人陷入你死我活的竞争是错误的。
People in Mexico make $1 an hour.
墨西哥人每小时挣 1 美元。
The American worker can't compete with the Mexican worker, can't compete with the Chinese worker.
美国工人无法与墨西哥工人竞争，也无法与中国工人竞争。
We cannot compete with slave labor.
我们无法与奴隶劳动竞争。
And we should not have to.
我们不应该这样做。
It is wrong to force our workers to compete with people who make shoes in China for $0.25 an hour.
强迫我们的工人与中国制鞋厂以每小时 0.25 美元的价格竞争是错误的。
Well, that was Patrick J.
嗯，那是帕特里克·J.
Buchanan.
布坎南。
And did you ever wonder what that J stands for, huh?
您是否想知道 J 代表什么？
Could it be, could it be Jesse?
会不会，会是杰西吗？
Well, no. It couldn't.
嗯，不。不可能。
And of course, Patrick J.
当然，帕特里克·J.
Buchanan's prescriptions for our nation are very different than those offered by Jesse Jackson.
布坎南为我们国家开出的处方与杰西·杰克逊提供的处方非常不同。
Thanks to Patrick Buchanan, we've had about a month of front-page, front-burner discussion of what is happening in the economy.
感谢帕特里克·布坎南（Patrick Buchanan），我们在头版上对经济正在发生的事情进行了大约一个月的重点讨论。
And to review those facts briefly, I find one phrase coming to my lips.
为了简要地回顾一下这些事实，我发现有一句话浮现在我的嘴边。
It is a phrase, I have to say, that has never come to my lips before, kind of a radio phrase, and that phrase is "Let's do the numbers."
我不得不说，这是一个我以前从未说过的短语，有点像广播短语，而这个短语就是“让我们计算一下数字”。
[MUSIC PLAYING - "WE'RE IN THE MONEY" BY DAVE MCKENNA]
[音乐播放 - DAVE MCKENNA 的《WE’RE IN THE MONEY》]
A New York Times survey shows that 1/3 of all American households have had someone laid off since 1980.
《纽约时报》的一项调查显示，自 1980 年以来，1/3 的美国家庭有人被解雇。
1/10 of the adults in this country say that a layoff precipitated a major family crisis.
这个国家 1/10 的成年人表示，裁员引发了一场重大的家庭危机。
And while most people who get laid off do find new jobs, 2/3 of them do not find jobs that paid as much as their old jobs.
虽然大多数被解雇的人确实找到了新工作，但其中 2/3 的人找不到与原来的工作薪水一样高的工作。
Median wages in this country have fallen 3% since 1979, adjusted for inflation, while stock prices have set record levels and corporate profits have risen.
自 1979 年以来，经过通货膨胀调整后，该国的工资中位数下降了 3%，而股价却创下了历史新高，企业利润也有所上升。
And one way that lots of businesses have helped their bottom lines is by replacing full-time workers with temporary workers and with contract workers.
许多企业提高利润的一种方法是用临时工和合同工取代全职工人。
And one sign of the times is that the largest employer in the United States, outside of the government of course, the largest private employer is now a temp agency, Manpower, Incorporated.
时代的一个标志是，美国最大的雇主，当然，除了政府之外，最大的私人雇主现在是临时工机构万宝盛华公司。
They send out 800,000 temps a year.
他们每年派出 800,000 名临时工。
And to give you a sense of just how big that is, let's compare that with some other numbers.
为了让您了解这个数字有多大，让我们将其与其他一些数字进行比较。
Could we have that music again, please?
我们可以再听一遍那首音乐吗？
[MUSIC PLAYING - "WE'RE IN THE MONEY" BY DAVE MCKENNA]
[音乐播放 - DAVE MCKENNA 的《WE’RE IN THE MONEY》]
General Motors only has 347,000 employees in North America.
通用汽车在北美仅拥有347,000名员工。
Boeing only has 106,000.
波音公司只有106,000架。
[MUSIC PLAYING - "WE'RE IN THE MONEY" BY DAVE MCKENNA]
[音乐播放 - DAVE MCKENNA 的《WE’RE IN THE MONEY》]
Wouldn't it be irritating if every time somebody says a number on the radio, they would just be going along, and they'd just be talking about this and that and this and that, and then suddenly they'd mention 14, and you hear--
如果每次有人在广播中说出一个数字，他们只是跟着说，他们只是谈论这个、那个、这个、那个，然后突然他们提到 14，你会听到——
[MUSIC PLAYING - "WE'RE IN THE MONEY" BY DAVE MCKENNA]
[音乐播放 - DAVE MCKENNA 的《WE’RE IN THE MONEY》]
It would be like some weird, distorted, adult Sesame Street nightmare, is what it would be.
这就像一些奇怪的、扭曲的、成人芝麻街的噩梦，就是这样。
Although it is the largest employer in the country, when you visit Manpower's downtown Chicago office, it doesn't feel like it's the outpost of a corporate giant.
尽管万宝盛华是美国最大的雇主，但当您参观万宝盛华位于芝加哥市中心的办公室时，您不会感觉它是企业巨头的前哨基地。
It feels like what it is, a small office, just seven people, with the idiosyncrasies of any small office.
感觉就像是一个小办公室，只有七个人，具有任何小办公室的特质。
For example, where other offices might use Post-it notes or those "While you were out" message pads, these people use coasters, round, with gold borders, left over from some promotional something years ago.
例如，其他办公室可能使用便利贴或“当你外出时”留言板，而这些人则使用几年前促销活动留下的带有金色边框的圆形杯垫。
But Manpower is as good a vantage point as any for observing trends in the economy.
但万宝盛华是观察经济趋势的一个很好的观察点。
Manpower spokesperson Stephanie Black says that in the last five years, the nature of the temp business has changed a lot as companies have looked for ways to lay off permanent staff and replace them, as needed, with temps.
万宝盛华发言人斯蒂芬妮·布莱克（Stephanie Black）表示，在过去五年中，临时工业务的性质发生了很大变化，因为公司一直在寻找解雇长期员工并根据需要用临时工取代他们的方法。
The business environment has changed enough where with the competitive global market, they need to maintain a core amount of staff that is productive and that they keep for all the time.
商业环境已经发生了足够的变化，在竞争激烈的全球市场中，他们需要维持一批高效且始终保留的核心员工。
And then they fill in for special projects or peak periods or seasonal fluctuations by using temporary help.
然后，他们通过临时帮助来填补特殊项目或高峰期或季节性波动的情况。
While Manpower has been the beneficiary of these changes with the increased business, Stephanie Black takes pains to say that Manpower did not create the shift in the way that corporations hire or lay off workers.
尽管随着业务的增加，万宝盛华一直是这些变化的受益者，但斯蒂芬妮·布莱克煞费苦心地说，万宝盛华并没有造成企业雇用或解雇员工方式的转变。
It simply responded.
它只是做出了回应。
It responded well, though.
不过，它的反应很好。
Some companies use so many dozens of temps all the time that Manpower sends a full-time Manpower representative to work on-site at the company to coordinate all the temps.
有些公司一直使用数十名临时工，以至于万宝盛华会派一名全职万宝盛华代表到公司现场工作来协调所有临时工。
And while 40% of Manpower's business is office workers and 40% is industrial workers, the fastest-growing part of its business, rising from nothing to 20% just in the last few years, is a category whose very existence tells you a lot about what's going on in the economy.
虽然万宝盛华 40% 的业务是办公室职员，40% 是产业工人，但其业务中增长最快的部分在过去几年里从零增长到 20%，这一类别的存在就足以让你了解经济中正在发生的事情。
These are technical workers.
这些都是技术工人。
Computer programmers, LAN administrators, CAD designers, chemists, biologists-- I mean, all sorts of different types of assignments.
计算机程序员、LAN 管理员、CAD 设计师、化学家、生物学家——我的意思是，各种不同类型的任务。
And many of those are project-based assignments, where they last six months.
其中许多是基于项目的任务，持续六个月。
Come in, install a new network.
进来，安装新网络。
Six months later, it's over with.
六个月后，一切都结束了。
They don't want to hire someone.
他们不想雇用某人。
A company doesn't want to bring someone in full-time for a position that's only going to last six months.
公司不想让某人全职担任只能持续六个月的职位。
This is the kind of work that 10 or 15 years ago might have been done by full-time employees.
这是 10 或 15 年前可能由全职员工完成的工作。
Now having said all that, it's important to note that one reason that Manpower has become the largest employer in the country is that it gives the people who work for it a fairly good deal, health insurance, paid vacation, and decent money.
说了这么多，值得注意的是，万宝盛华成为美国最大雇主的原因之一是，它为员工提供了相当优惠的待遇，包括健康保险、带薪假期和体面的钱。
Skilled secretaries from the Chicago office make from $9 an hour to $16, and Manpower will train them to do particular jobs that it knows there's a market for.
芝加哥办事处熟练的秘书每小时工资从 9 美元到 16 美元不等，万宝盛华将培训他们从事有市场需求的特定工作。
But to get to the bottom of what it's like to be a temp in today's economy, we at this radio program decided we needed to go to the source.
但为了弄清楚当今经济中临时工的情况，我们在这个广播节目中决定需要追根溯源。
And so we hired two temp workers ourselves.
所以我们自己雇了两名临时工。
And when they showed up at the radio station, we told them that their job while they were working for us was to prepare their own radio stories about what it's like to be a temp.
当他们出现在广播电台时，我们告诉他们，他们在为我们工作期间的工作是准备自己的广播故事，讲述临时工的感受。
The two guys we got came from an agency called Labor Temps, whose motto is "Yes, we can." As opposed to most of the temp agencies we called with this assignment, who told us, no, they could not.
我们找到的两个人来自一家名为“Labor Temps”的机构，该机构的座右铭是“是的，我们可以”。与我们打电话给这项任务的大多数临时机构相反，他们告诉我们，不，他们不能。
Our two temp workers were named Lee and Tito.
我们的两名临时工名叫李和蒂托。
And they normally don't get sent to office jobs like this.
他们通常不会被派到这样的办公室工作。
Normally, these guys do light industrial work, general labor, factory work.
通常，这些人从事轻工业工作、一般劳动、工厂工作。
Two of our producers, Alix Spiegel and Nancy Updike, took them into the radio studio with a list of possible questions they might use in preparing their radio reports about being a temp.
我们的两位制片人阿利克斯·斯皮格尔和南希·厄普代克带他们进入广播工作室，并列出了他们在准备有关临时工的广播报道时可能会用到的问题清单。
Check this one out.
看看这个。
Does temping pay the bills, or do you have another job?
临时工能支付账单吗？或者你还有其他工作吗？
And describe [?
并描述[?
your family.
你的家人。
?]
？]
You got to have another job.
你必须有另一份工作。
Tito You're damn real.
蒂托你真是太真实了。
I can't see-- well, no, some people work full-time at their temp.
我不明白——好吧，不，有些人在他们的临时工下全职工作。
But I don't see how you live unless you live 80 in a house.
但除非你80岁了住在房子里，否则我不知道你是怎么生活的。
[INTERPOSING VOICES] Lee You're not going to get rich doing this, that's for sure.
[插话] 李：你这样做不会致富，这是肯定的。
Definitely.
确实。
Lee But you keep a hot tortilla on the table.
李 但是你在桌子上放了一个热玉米饼。
That's Lee, who made the little tortilla joke towards Tito.
那是李，他对蒂托开了小玉米饼的玩笑。
He was constantly ribbing him with these little ethnic-- I don't even know the word that we should use here in polite company on the radio, just a little ethnic ribbing.
他经常用这些种族的小玩笑——我什至不知道我们应该在广播中礼貌地使用这个词，只是一点种族的玩笑。
And just so you know, Tito gave as good as he got.
正如你所知，蒂托付出了他所得到的一切。
Here's how he described Lee when we asked him to describe Lee for our stories.
当我们请他为我们的故事描述李时，他是这样描述李的。
Long-haired, North side white boy.
长发、北边白人男孩。
If I didn't know him and be walking down on the street, I'd think he's a pot-smoking, hooker-buying, drinking, just listening to rock and roll, banging his head into walls, and bar hanging out all the time type of guy.
如果我不认识他，走在街上，我会认为他是一个吸大麻、买妓女、喝酒、只听摇滚、用头撞墙、总是在酒吧闲逛的人。
I should say that they seemed to have a lot of fun doing their stories, despite these two little quotes, as you will hear presently.
我应该说，尽管有这两句小引语，但他们似乎在讲故事时很有趣，正如您很快就会听到的那样。
The assignment was profile your fellow temp.
任务是介绍你的同事。
So in other words, Lee interviewed Tito and did a story about Tito's experience.
所以换句话来说，李采访了铁托，并做了一个关于铁托经历的故事。
And Tito interviewed Lee and did a story about Lee's experience.
蒂托采访了李并做了一个关于李的经历的故事。
We have two reports for you.
我们有两份报告给您。
The first one that we'll hear is the report that Lee prepared about Tito.
我们将听到的第一个报告是李准备的有关铁托的报告。
Hi, I'm Lee.
嗨，我是李。
I work at Labor Temps with Tito.
我和蒂托一起在劳工临时工工作。
Tito, he's Puerto Rican, young, about 21.
Tito，他是波多黎各人，年轻，大约 21 岁。
He's got tattoos, gym shoes, loose-fitting clothes, and a kind of "what's up for lunch" attitude.
他有纹身，穿着运动鞋，穿着宽松的衣服，还有一种“午餐吃什么”的态度。
When you work at a Labor Temp, you get up early in the morning and go to an old garage-looking place and wait around with a bunch of people waiting to get work.
当你在临时工那里工作时，你一大早就起床，去一个看起来像旧车库的地方，和一群等待上班的人一起等待。
It's two steps, one small one and one big one.
就是两步，一大一小。
Stand on it like a little stair.
站在上面就像一个小楼梯。
Maybe four people will fit there a little uncomfortable, three people comfortably standing right there [?
可能四个人坐在那里会有点不舒服，三个人站在那里舒服[？
unaccounted.
下落不明。
?]
？]
OK, you go there, you'll have at least 10 people standing there, without exaggerating, on that one step, holding on to the edge.
好吧，你去那里，毫不夸张地说，至少有 10 个人站在那一级台阶上，紧紧抓住边缘。
"Come on, send me, send me," and all that type of thing.
“来吧，派我来，派我来，”诸如此类的事情。
So you go there.
所以你就去那里吧。
You might have at least a good 100, 150.
你可能至少有 100、150 分。
OK.
好的。
And then you might have probably 10 companies that call today.
然后今天可能有 10 家公司致电。
They probably want five people each.
他们可能每人想要五个人。
That's what, about 50 people?
就是这样，大约50个人？
You've got to look at it like that.
你必须这样看待它。
So that's why people will say you got to be up there in their face, because they got to choose.
所以这就是为什么人们会说你必须当着他们的面，因为他们必须做出选择。
All kinds of people work at Labor Temps, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, black, white, lots of women.
各种各样的人在劳工临时工中工作，墨西哥人、波多黎各人、黑人、白人，还有很多女性。
Everyone's there for a different reason.
每个人都出于不同的原因。
Some work one day a week for beer money.
有些人每周工作一天就是为了赚啤酒钱。
Some are trying to support their families.
有些人正在努力养家糊口。
For me, it's mostly a part-time thing.
对我来说，这主要是兼职的事情。
My main job is doing some floors with a friend of mine, Mike.
我的主要工作是和我的朋友迈克一起做一些楼层。
I do some graphics.
我做一些图形。
I worked that about six years.
我在那工作了大约六年。
I have knowledge in that field.
我有该领域的知识。
And I do some computer programming, because I went to DeVry a couple years before I ran out of cash.
我也做一些计算机编程，因为几年前我的现金用完之前我就去了 DeVry。
I started about two years ago at Labor Temps when I was laid off a graphics job.
大约两年前，当我被解雇时，我的一份图形工作被解雇了，我开始在临时工工作。
Here's what Tito did before working with Labor Temps.
这是蒂托在与临时工合作之前所做的事情。
Sell drugs.
卖毒品。
Well, I was raised in a way of surviving.
好吧，我是在生存的方式下长大的。
Surviving, street survival, be streetwise always.
生存，街头生存，永远保持街头智慧。
So I was always raising-- if you can't make it here, hey, go to that corner.
所以我总是加注——如果你不能在这里，嘿，去那个角落。
When did you stop?
你什么时候停下来的？
Tito When I went to jail.
蒂托 当我入狱时。
[LAUGHTER] Tito That's where the temp came in.
[笑声] Tito 这就是临时工的用武之地。
Tito says as he makes about $150 a week at Labor Temps.
Tito 说，他在劳工临时工每周赚约 150 美元。
Selling drugs, he can make five times that in a single day.
卖毒品，他一天能赚五倍。
I look at a temp like a drug.
我把体温看成是毒品。
Woman How?
女人如何？
How's that?
怎么样？
A female gets you to do it.
女人让你这么做。
The female gets you to do it.
女人让你这么做。
I mean, the way I got into Labor Temps--
我是说，我进入劳动时期的方式——
The way I got into Labor Temps was I had just finished coming into Chicago not too long ago, either.
我进入劳工临时工的方式是我不久前刚刚抵达芝加哥。
And I was staying with this female.
我和这个女人住在一起。
I met this female.
我遇见了这个女人。
She liked me, whatever.
她喜欢我，无论如何。
We moved in together.
我们搬到一起住了。
And then well, "Why don't you go to this agency?" It was a block away.
然后，“你为什么不去这个机构呢？”距离酒店只有一个街区。
So I went.
所以我去了。
If it wasn't for her, I would've never got in there.
如果不是她，我根本就进不去。
And it's like drugs.
这就像毒品一样。
You know what I'm saying?
你知道我在说什么吗？
You don't do that to every drug.
你不会对每一种药物都这样做。
But if it's your girlfriend, and she's like, "Come on, honey, please, please, please," you're going to do it eventually.
但如果是你的女朋友，她会说：“来吧，亲爱的，求你了，求你了，求你了，”你最终会这么做的。
Temp agencies and the factories which call these agencies for temporary workers don't care that Tito spent six months in county jail.
临时工机构和向这些机构提供临时工的工厂并不关心蒂托在县监狱里呆了六个月。
They don't care because they're mostly jobs nobody wants, garbage jobs.
他们不在乎，因为这些工作大多是没人想要的工作，垃圾工作。
Most jobs that are temp jobs only give minimum wage.
大多数临时工作只提供最低工资。
It's hard to have any strikes against you like Tito.
像铁托这样的人很难受到任何打击。
He didn't finish the eighth grade.
他没有读完八年级。
I think the people that say "Yeah, we'll call you," and they never call you, I think that's what it is.
我认为那些说“是的，我们会给你打电话”的人，他们从来没有给你打电话，我想就是这样。
You know, when you apply, did you finish school?
你知道，当你申请时，你完成学业了吗？
Should I be honest?
我应该诚实吗？
OK.
好的。
I'll be honest.
我会说实话。
They say, OK, we'll call you.
他们说，好的，我们会给你打电话。
And they just throw it out.
他们只是把它扔掉。
Once they see the school thing, it's over.
一旦他们看到学校的事情，就结束了。
For Your Radio Playhouse, I'm Lee, the temp.
我是你的广播剧场的临时工李。
Hopefully, one day, I'm hoping, wishing I'll be at that level where I don't have to worry about waking up in the morning and, "Damn, are they going to send me to work today or not?" I'll be waking up in the morning saying, "I have to go to work.
希望有一天，我希望，希望我能达到这样的水平，我不必担心早上醒来，“该死，他们今天会送我去上班吗？”早上我醒来时会说：“我必须去上班。
Damn, I'm going to be late for work.
糟糕，我上班要迟到了。
Honey, uh--" you know, "Breakfast, where's my breakfast?
亲爱的，呃——”你知道，“早餐，我的早餐呢？
My lunch, hurry up," all that type of thing.
我的午餐，快点，”诸如此类的事情。
Family, kids running around, kiss a kid goodbye and whatever.
家人，孩子们跑来跑去，吻别孩子等等。
The dog, kick him out of the way because he's in front of the door.
那只狗，把他踢开，因为他在门前。
All that type of thing.
所有这类事情。
Well, that was the story that Lee did about Tito.
嗯，这就是李对铁托所做的故事。
Next, we have the story that Tito did about Lee.
接下来，我们有铁托关于李的故事。
I'm Tito.
我是蒂托。
I work with Lee.
我和李一起工作。
Lee's been temping a lot longer than me, and he's seen some crazy jobs.
李从事临时工作的时间比我长得多，他也见过一些疯狂的工作。
He's worked at different agencies, but he's been in Labor Temps the longest.
他曾在不同的机构工作过，但他处于劳工临时状态的时间最长。
Lee had one assignment through an agency that lasted a whole year.
李通过一家机构获得了一项为期一年的任务。
That's the funny thing.
这就是有趣的事情。
Temporary doesn't mean "short." It means no benefits, no pensions, no job security.
暂时并不意味着“短暂”。这意味着没有福利、没有养老金、没有工作保障。
That's why they hire temp workers.
这就是他们雇用临时工的原因。
Some companies run on temp workers, all three shifts.
有些公司雇用临时工，实行三班制。
They keep the smallest possible staff of full-time workers, just to keep everything running and organized.
他们保留尽可能少的全职员工，只是为了保持一切正常运转和井井有条。
There's maybe five employees, and they have three shifts running.
大概有五名员工，三班倒。
And they're all temps, shifts after shifts of temps.
他们都是临时工，一个接一个的临时工。
30 here, 20 here.
这里 30 个，这里 20 个。
Lee They'll have three different companies in there with three different sets of temps.
Lee 他们将拥有三个不同的公司，并拥有三组不同的临时工。
Yeah, that's true.
是的，确实如此。
Most places we go, though, there's a mix of permanent and temp workers.
不过，我们去的大多数地方都有固定工和临时工。
It's a weird relationship.
这是一种奇怪的关系。
Sometimes the bosses treat you better than the permanents.
有时老板对你比对永久员工更好。
Sometimes they treat you worse.
有时他们对你更糟。
Sometimes we work faster than the permanents, and they don't like it.
有时我们比常驻人员工作得更快，他们不喜欢这样。
They'll mess with you.
他们会惹你麻烦的。
Once, Lee worked at a factory that made tar sealers.
曾经，李在一家生产焦油密封剂的工厂工作。
The tar sealers were delivered through these big pipes.
焦油密封剂是通过这些大管道输送的。
All of a sudden, you hear this gurgling in the whole system.
突然间，你听到整个系统发出咕噜声。
[GURGLING] Lee Everybody took off.
[咕噜声]李大家都起飞了。
I'm the temp.
我是临时工
Every takes off diving behind things and hiding.
每个人都会潜入事物后面并隐藏起来。
And this is all a matter of seconds.
而这一切只是几秒钟的事情。
I see this happening, so I turn around and start running, diving behind a skid or something.
我看到这种情况发生，所以我转身开始奔跑，潜入滑行或其他东西后面。
And this big air bubble comes out, and this ooze just splatters all over.
然后这个大气泡就出来了，这些软泥就溅得到处都是。
Everybody's laughing, man.
每个人都在笑，伙计。
I said, "Why didn't you tell me?" "Forgot." So every once in a while, it gets a big bubble in the system.
我说：“你为什么不告诉我？” “忘记了。”所以每隔一段时间，系统中就会出现一个大泡沫。
And if you don't work there, you'll never notice.
如果你不在那里工作，你永远不会注意到。
Sometimes, companies offer you full-time jobs.
有时，公司会为您提供全职工作。
That happened to me once, but it fell through at the last minute.
我曾经遇到过这种情况，但在最后一刻失败了。
I would take pretty much any full-time job, $5, $6, $7 an hour.
我几乎愿意接受任何全职工作，每小时 5 美元、6 美元、7 美元。
Anything's better than $4.25 an hour.
任何事情都比每小时 4.25 美元好。
Lee feels different.
李感觉不一样了。
Nobody wants to pay any money for any kind of skilled labor.
没有人愿意为任何类型的熟练劳动力支付任何费用。
I noticed that.
我注意到了这一点。
Like I'll go to a graphic place, I'll go to a typesetting house, they don't pay anything anymore.
就像我会去图形店，我会去排版店，他们不再支付任何费用。
We'll give you $5 an hour to run optical [UNINTELLIGIBLE].
我们将为您提供每小时 5 美元的光学运行费用 [无法理解]。
One guy wanted me to work his computer system.
一个人想让我操作他的计算机系统。
Wanted to give me $650.
想要给我 650 美元。
I was like, "Pfft.
我当时想，“噗。
Give me $20,000, you pay off my education, and I'll do it." Because I said, "No way, man.
给我 20,000 美元，你就可以还清我的学费，我就可以做到。”因为我说：“不可能，伙计。
You're nuts."
你疯了。”
Greedy mother-- Lee They want to pay little for certain work that takes years' experience.
贪婪的妈妈——李 他们愿意为某些需要多年经验的工作付出很少的代价。
For Your Radio Playhouse, I'm Tito the temp.
我是你的广播剧场的临时工蒂托。
You know what's the funny part about all this?
你知道这一切的有趣之处是什么吗？
If we walked down the straight, we would never admit that we work in an agency.
如果我们径直走下去，我们永远不会承认我们在代理机构工作。
But we will go on live radio for it.
但我们将对其进行广播直播。
I mean, go on radio, have our voices on radio saying we work for an agency.
我的意思是，去广播电台，让我们的声音在广播中说我们为一家机构工作。
So why would you never admit that you worked at an agency?
那么为什么你从不承认自己在代理机构工作过呢？
Because out there, it's an embarrassing thing.
因为在外面，这是一件很尴尬的事情。
It's like a person that-- You're a low-life.
就像一个人——你是一个低贱的人。
You're a nobody.
你是一个无名小卒。
[MUSIC PLAYING - "IT WAS A GOOD DAY" BY ICE CUBE]
[音乐播放 - ICE CUBE 的《这是美好的一天》]
OK, so to have music to end the story, I asked both of you guys-- Tito and Lee are here in the studio with me-- I asked you both to bring in some music.
好的，为了用音乐来结束这个故事，我要求你们俩——蒂托和李和我一起在录音室——我要求你们俩带来一些音乐。
Tito, this is the song that you brought in.
蒂托，这是你带来的歌曲。
It's off a cassette.
它是从磁带上取下来的。
What are we hearing?
我们听到什么？
Pull up to the mic.
拉到麦克风处。
Ice Cube, "It Was a Good Day."
Ice Cube，“这是美好的一天。”
And why did you choose this song to come after your guys' story?
为什么在你们的故事之后选择这首歌？
Because he talks about it being a good day.
因为他说这是美好的一天。
Nothing happened.
什么也没发生。
Nothing bad happened.
没有什么不好的事情发生。
No cops messed with you today.
今天没有警察来惹你。
No gangbangers messed with you.
没有黑帮来惹你。
Everything went smooth today.
今天一切都很顺利。
That's what it meant, happening to me, just running smooth.
这就是它的意思，发生在我身上，一切顺利。
[MUSIC PLAYING - "IT WAS A GOOD DAY" BY ICE CUBE]
[音乐播放 - ICE CUBE 的《这是美好的一天》]
OK, Lee, so what'd you bring?
好吧，李，你带来了什么？
You have a tape here somewhere.
你这里某处有一盘磁带。
Well, I wanted to play Nugent's "Stranglehold," because it's my favorite song.
嗯，我想播放纽金特的“Stranglehold”，因为这是我最喜欢的歌曲。
But it's kind of long.
但有点长。
So I figured the mood working for temps, I figured Johnny Cash and Folsom Prison song would be the best.
所以我认为这种情绪适合临时工，我认为约翰尼·卡什和福尔瑟姆监狱的歌曲是最好的。
Go Lee.
去李吧
[MUSIC PLAYING - "FOLSOM PRISON BLUES" BY JOHNNY CASH]
[音乐播放 - 约翰尼·卡什的《福尔瑟姆监狱蓝调》]
[LAUGHTER] Ira Glass Hey, is your boss listening to this show?
[笑声] Ira Glass 嘿，你的老板在听这个节目吗？
Yeah.
是的。
Tito Yeah, they are.
蒂托 是的，他们是。
Yes, they are.
是的，他们是。
Yeah, good luck on Monday.
是的，祝周一好运。
Wait, was that the end of the song?
等等，这首歌就这样结束了吗？
That was the end, huh?
就这样结束了，是吗？
We got to rewind it.
我们必须倒带它。
All right.
好的。
Johnny Cash --had it coming.
约翰尼·卡什——它来了。
I know I can't be free.
我知道我无法自由。
Can't be free.
不可能是自由的。
Johnny Cash But those people keep a-movin', and that's what tortures me.
约翰尼·卡什：但是那些人一直在行动，这就是折磨我的原因。
Lee, if you want to sing, now's your chance.
李，如果你想唱歌，现在就是你的机会。
I was playing this all day where we were working.
我在我们工作的地方整天都在玩这个。
It's Water Warehouse.
是水库。
They sell products for pools and spas and all types of things.
他们销售游泳池和水疗中心以及所有类型的产品。
All right.
好的。
Now let's let the song play out.
现在让我们播放这首歌。
We got to do a little break, and then we're going to come back.
我们先休息一下，然后再回来。
OK?
好的？
We have more stuff.
我们还有更多东西。
Lisa Buscani, a tour of an economic development project, and we're going to talk to you guys a little bit more.
丽莎·布斯卡尼（Lisa Buscani），经济发展项目之旅，我们将与你们多谈谈。
OK?
好的？
So stay tuned.
所以请继续关注。
[MUSIC PLAYING - "FOLSOM PRISON BLUES" BY JOHNNY CASH]
[音乐播放 - 约翰尼·卡什的《福尔瑟姆监狱蓝调》]
Our program continues in a minute.
我们的节目一分钟后继续。
You're listening to Your Radio Playhouse.
您正在收听“您的广播剧场”。
It's Your Radio Playhouse .
这是你的广播剧场。
OK, well Tito and Lee, you guys are both still here.
好吧，蒂托和李，你们都还在这里。
Wait, let me get that Folsom Prison music going here.
等等，让我把福尔瑟姆监狱的音乐放在这里。
Hold on.
坚持，稍等。
Oh no. Ira Glass So we can get some background music.
哦不。 Ira Glass 这样我们就可以得到一些背景音乐。
And you guys are still looking for jobs, right?
你们还在找工作，对吧？
Definitely.
确实。
Ira Glass And so people who are listening to the radio story, they could hear about some of the things you do.
艾拉·格拉斯（Ira Glass）因此，正在收听广播故事的人们可以听到您所做的一些事情。
I guess we should set this up, so we're going to station Alix Spiegel at our Your Radio Playhouse phone.
我想我们应该对此进行设置，因此我们将把 Alix Spiegel 驻留在我们的 Your Radio Playhouse 手机上。
If you have a job-- now what kind of job are you guys looking for here?
如果你有工作——现在你们在这里寻找什么样的工作？
Anything.
任何事物。
Ira Glass Anything.
艾拉玻璃任何东西。
OK, pretty much that narrows it down.
好吧，差不多就缩小了范围。
What kind of pay range?
什么样的薪资范围？
Whatever.
任何。
Like I said, anything's better than $4.25.
就像我说的，任何东西都比 4.25 美元更好。
You drive one hard bargain here, Tito.
你在这里讨价还价，蒂托。
I think exploitation is about to happen.
我认为剥削即将发生。
I could use a job that stretches your brain.
我可以找一份可以锻炼你大脑的工作。
All right.
好的。
All right.
好的。
You could hear these guys.
你可以听到这些人的声音。
I can tell you they were our employees for three days.
我可以告诉你他们是我们的员工三天了。
They came in on time.
他们准时到来。
They were prompt.
他们很及时。
They were courteous.
他们很有礼貌。
They were a pleasure to have around.
有他们在身边很高兴。
Our phone number here is 832-3380.
我们的电话号码是 832-3380。
An operator is standing by.
操作员正在待命。
Let's see if we can hustle you guys up a job in the next 20 minutes.
让我们看看能否在接下来的 20 分钟内催促你们找到一份工作。
And if you're not at a phone now, but you've got a job for these guys, call us during the week here at the radio station, 832-3380 in the 312.
如果您现在没有打电话，但您已经找到了这些人的工作，请在工作日期间致电我们的广播电台，拨打 312 电话 832-3380。
[MUSIC PLAYING - "FOLSOM PRISON BLUES" BY JOHNNY CASH]
[音乐播放 - 约翰尼·卡什的《福尔瑟姆监狱蓝调》]
Act Three, Dad.
第三幕，爸爸。
Well, we asked Lisa Buscani if she had anything to contribute to our program today about the economy.
好吧，我们问丽莎·布斯卡尼（Lisa Buscani）她是否可以为我们今天有关经济的节目做出任何贡献。
Lisa is a Chicago poet and writer, performer, winner of the National Poetry Slam, now resides in New York City.
丽莎是芝加哥诗人、作家、表演者、全国诗歌大满贯得主，现居住于纽约市。
And she said she did have something.
她说她确实有东西。
She had a story about her father.
她有一个关于她父亲的故事。
When I remember him during that time, that time that will exist "forever," in quote marks, emphasized heavily to save the family from having to actually discuss it at length, it is morning.
当我记得他那段时间，那个将“永远”存在的时间，用引号引起来，特别强调，以免家人不得不实际详细讨论它时，那是早上。
It is always morning because no matter how many talk shows or war movies he stayed up to watch the night before, he rises with the sun or its winter absence.
总是早上，因为无论他前一天晚上熬夜看多少脱口秀或战争电影，他都会随着太阳或冬天的缺席而升起。
He rises because there is work in the morning.
他起床是因为早上有工作。
There always has been.
一直都有。
Either it was assigned to him, or he found it himself.
要么是分配给他的，要么是他自己找到的。
But there is work, and morning is the time to begin it.
但还有工作，早上就是开始工作的时候了。
I hear his knees popping as he sits at the kitchen table with black coffee and his cigs to read two papers, the Toledo Blade and the Detroit Free Press.
当他坐在餐桌旁，喝着黑咖啡，抽着烟，阅读《托莱多刀锋报》和《底特律自由报》两份报纸时，我听到他的膝盖发出啪啪的响声。
Two papers because that would lower the odds, that would double the chances, increase the opportunities to find work, work that he has recently lost.
两篇论文，因为这会降低几率，使机会加倍，增加找到工作的机会，而他最近失去了工作。
When I see him, there is no work.
当我看到他时，没有工作。
It is northwestern Ohio in the middle of its continuous recession.
它位于俄亥俄州西北部，正处于持续衰退之中。
He has shaken both papers of all of their news, and there is no work.
他已经把两家报纸上的所有新闻都撤掉了，而且没有任何工作。
It is all he can do to keep from dropping his pride like the seventh veil and answering the aluminum siding or used car sales ads.
他所能做的就是避免像第七面纱一样放弃他的骄傲，并回应铝制壁板或二手车销售广告。
Some days are better than others, though.
不过，有些日子比其他日子好。
On the good days, there is work.
日子好的时候，还有工作。
And he circles the ad with an exuberant, victorious red pen and heads upstairs to his office.
他用一支充满活力、胜利的红笔圈出了广告，然后上楼去了他的办公室。
His office, for as long as I can remember, had a huge desk cluttered with spec sheets and promotional brochures featuring whatever he was selling at the time, bright, four-colored photos of appliances or mattresses arranged in ways that would prove these items to be necessary, essential to the customer's well-being and happiness.
从我记事起，他的办公室就有一张巨大的桌子，上面堆满了规格表和宣传手册，其中包括他当时销售的产品、电器或床垫的明亮的四色照片，其排列方式证明这些物品是必要的，对客户的福祉和幸福至关重要。
Whatever he was selling, it was always essential and necessary.
无论他卖什么，它总是必不可少的和必要的。
But when I see him, the desk is bare.
但当我看到他时，桌子上空无一人。
The clutter has been swept away.
杂乱已被一扫而光。
Even his answering machine message is empty, because he has no company that he proudly represents, no business cards.
甚至他的答录机留言也是空的，因为他没有他自豪地代表的公司，没有名片。
Time has become his greatest enemy.
时间成了他最大的敌人。
His unemployment insurance is running out.
他的失业保险快用完了。
He has long since passed the age when most companies will consider hiring him.
他早已过了大多数公司会考虑雇用他的年龄。
He leaves the age blank empty on the application form, but personnel managers still rush him through interviews after one look at his tastefully graying temples and some simple math on his job experience.
他在申请表上将年龄留空，但人事经理在看了他优雅的灰色太阳穴并简单计算了他的工作经历后，仍然催促他参加面试。
Time has become a shifting, empty, immemorable thing.
时间已经变成了一种变化无常、空虚、不可记忆的东西。
Two months becomes six months.
两个月变成六个月。
Six months becomes a year.
六个月变成一年。
He tries to fill it by painting the house and organizing the basement.
他试图通过粉刷房子和整理地下室来填补这个空间。
I see my mom, weak with the weight of it.
我看到我的妈妈因它的重量而变得虚弱。
She's pale from going to work and arriving home without the sun.
她去上班，回到家却没有阳光，脸色苍白。
I see her lips thin and her knuckles whiten as she puts a bill payment off another month, as they max out another credit card, as they second mortgage the house.
我看到她的嘴唇薄薄的，指节变白，她把账单推迟了一个月，他们又刷爆了另一张信用卡，他们二次抵押了房子。
It has never been this bad.
从来没有这么糟糕过。
Together, they put three kids through college, and it was never this bad.
他们一起供三个孩子读完大学，情况从未如此糟糕。
She's struggling with her tongue, with her ever-present desire to scream at him, "Do something." Everything they built together is slowly crumbling, and she wonders if they'll survive.
她的舌头在挣扎，她总是渴望对他尖叫，“做点什么。”他们共同建立的一切都在慢慢崩溃，她想知道他们是否能生存下来。
When I see him, he's typing cover letters, a hesitant, two-fingered pecking on an old Smith Corona with a fading ribbon.
当我看到他时，他正在打字求职信，犹豫不决地用两个手指敲击着一条丝带褪色的旧史密斯电晕。
The family smiles quietly and rewrites, corrects his grammar, telling him, "Daddy, take this out.
家人安静地微笑着，重写、纠正他的语法，告诉他：“爸爸，把这个拿出来。
You sound too desperate." But after all, you write what you know.
你听起来太绝望了。”但毕竟，你写的是你所知道的。
And what he knows is he has 30 years of experience, 30 years of smiling when he didn't want to, 30 years of forcing laughter into the phone, of looking into narrow, skeptical eyes, of fast food, 30 years of paperwork, of business trips in cut-rate motels, of driving backwater towns in white-out storms.
他所知道的是，他有30年的经验，30年在他不想笑的时候微笑，30年在电话里强行笑，30年盯着狭隘、怀疑的眼睛，30年快餐，30年文书工作，30年在廉价汽车旅馆出差，30年在暴风雨中驾驶偏僻的小镇。
30 years of the word "no," 30 years of straight commission, which is the hardest, toughest, way to go.
30年的“不”字，30年的直接佣金，这是最艰难、最艰难的路。
And god dammit, that's got to be good enough for someone.
天啊，这对某人来说已经足够好了。
He's living with the firm knowledge that there is nothing that he cannot do and the terrifying reality that he will not be allowed to do it.
他生活在坚定的信念中，知道没有什么是他做不到的，而且可怕的现实是他不会被允许这样做。
I see us talking, my dad and I, about his unemployment and his prospects for the future.
我看到我们，我父亲和我，谈论他的失业和他的未来前景。
Nothing is ever said because most of the time, there is nothing to say.
没有什么可说的，因为大多数时候，没有什么可说的。
I wish him luck and faith, because sometimes only the intangibles can set things right.
我祝他好运和有信心，因为有时只有无形的东西才能扭转局面。
When I see him, he thinks he is alone.
当我看到他时，他认为他是孤独的。
But he is not.
但他不是。
All across Ohio, the Midwest, America, thousands of white, middle-aged men just like Dad are attending workshops, haunting placement agencies and training centers, filling their chests with the ghosts of their bravado, straining to understand why what once worked for them does not work any longer.
在美国俄亥俄州、中西部地区，成千上万像父亲一样的白人中年男子正在参加研讨会，出没于安置机构和培训中心，他们的胸口充满了虚张声势的幽灵，努力理解为什么曾经对他们有效的方法不再有效。
They play their losing game the way they always have, pulling desperately on bootstraps, noses frantically to grindstones.
他们一如既往地玩着失败的游戏，拼命地自力更生，疯狂地埋头苦干。
These men refuse to question the validity of the business structures that they've established, a vicious system that whipped around and bit them the first chance it got.
这些人拒绝质疑他们所建立的商业结构的有效性，这是一个一有机会就发动攻击并咬伤他们的邪恶体系。
It is this ignorant, blind faith that makes me think, "Good.
正是这种无知、盲目的信仰让我想：“很好。
Let the men who made the rules and carry out the policies suffer the consequence of these policies.
让制定规则和执行政策的人承受这些政策的后果。
They chose management's pay scale.
他们选择了管理层的薪酬等级。
Let them live without the protection of a union.
让他们在没有工会保护的情况下生活。
Let the most privileged class of our society taste the fear and frustration that the rest of us know on a daily basis."
让我们社会中最特权阶层尝尝我们其他人每天都经历过的恐惧和沮丧。”
Then I think of my dad, how he waited, how time weighed him down and wore on him like the sea over stone.
然后我想起了我的父亲，他是如何等待的，时间是如何压垮他的，就像大海淹没石头一样压垮他。
I wouldn't wish that on anyone.
我不希望任何人这样。
Act Four, Economic Development, Chicago Style.
第四幕，经济发展，芝加哥风格。
Well, we as a nation are not helpless in the face of broad economic forces.
嗯，作为一个国家，面对广泛的经济力量，我们并非无助。
We can take action.
我们可以采取行动。
We can spur economic development.
我们可以刺激经济发展。
Witness one of the high visibility projects put into place by the city of Chicago and the state of Illinois at a cost of $156 million of taxpayer money, Navy Pier.
海军码头是芝加哥市和伊利诺伊州耗资 1.56 亿美元纳税人资金实施的引人注目的项目之一。
Navy Pier is a downtown waterfront project on Lake Michigan, not far from the heart of downtown Chicago, but not in it, either.
海军码头是密歇根湖上的一个市中心滨水项目，距离芝加哥市中心不远，但也不在其中。
Lots of cities have development projects like this.
许多城市都有这样的开发项目。
There's Faneuil Hall in Boston, Baltimore's Inner Harbor, New York's South Street Seaport.
波士顿的法尼尔厅、巴尔的摩的内港、纽约的南街海港。
Navy Pier features a big Ferris wheel and the Chicago Children's Museum and one of those IMAX movie theaters.
海军码头设有大型摩天轮、芝加哥儿童博物馆和 IMAX 电影院之一。
There's convention floor space.
有会议场地。
There's some shopping and a food court.
这里有一些购物场所和一个美食广场。
The atmosphere is that of a second-rate mall anywhere in America.
这里的气氛就像美国任何地方的二流购物中心一样。
The roof leaks.
屋顶漏水了。
The food's nothing special.
食物没什么特别的。
The stores aren't the kind you'd go out of your way to visit.
这些商店不是你特意去的那种。
We at this radio program are very familiar with Navy Pier because Chicago's public radio station recently moved to a new building located halfway between the Ferris wheel and the convention space.
我们这个广播节目的人对海军码头非常熟悉，因为芝加哥的公共广播电台最近搬到了位于摩天轮和会议场地中间的一座新建筑。
Our staff has spent so many hours walking the drafty hallway between the food court and our offices that associate producer Peter Clowney has committed to memory the song "Here Come the Hawks," the official theme song of Chicago's hockey team that, for a while, for reasons we've never been able to fully understand or explain, played incessantly in the hallway PA system.
我们的员工花了很多时间在美食广场和办公室之间的通风走廊上行走，以至于副制片人彼得·克劳尼（Peter Clowney）承诺记住歌曲“老鹰来了”，这是芝加哥曲棍球队的官方主题曲，有一段时间，由于我们无法完全理解或解释的原因，这首歌在走廊扩音系统中不断播放。
[MUSIC PLAYING - "HERE COME THE HAWKS" BY J.
[音乐播放 - J. 的《老鹰来了》
SWAYZEE]
斯威兹]
We have watched with fascination some of the strange conventions that have come and gone here at Navy Pier.
我们着迷地观察了海军码头这里来来去去的一些奇怪的惯例。
One day, strolling to the end of the pier for some fresh air, I looked into Exhibit Hall A and saw an entire carnival midway, complete with full-size rides, multicolored lights, loud music, equipment so massive it's hard to comprehend how they even get it indoors.
有一天，我漫步到码头尽头呼吸新鲜空气，走进 A 展厅，看到中途整个嘉年华，有全尺寸的游乐设施、五彩缤纷的灯光、喧闹的音乐，以及如此巨大的设备，很难理解他们是如何把它搬到室内的。
But here it was, under the artificial lights, during the dead of Chicago winter.
但它就在这里，在人造灯光下，在芝加哥严冬的时候。
A few months before, we all gawked at a convention whose purpose was to help small businesses market their products to Generation X.
几个月前，我们都惊讶地看着一场会议，其目的是帮助小企业向 X 一代推销他们的产品。
This was, as far as we could determine, American capitalism at a disturbingly odd nadir, sunk so low you didn't want to see it there, trying to market to a generation whose supposed defining characteristic is that it's comprised of non-materialist, non-conformist, slacker types who, above all, resent products being marketed to them.
据我们所知，美国资本主义正处于一个令人不安的奇怪的最低点，跌到了你不想看到的地步，试图向一代人推销，他们的所谓定义特征是，它由非唯物主义、不墨守成规、懒惰的类型组成，最重要的是，他们讨厌向他们推销产品。
--the contest.
——比赛。
He's going to demonstrate karaoke for you.
他将为你演示卡拉OK。
Johnny Vaughan will demonstrate karaoke for you.
约翰尼·沃恩将为您演示卡拉OK。
And we're taking the next four people.
我们将带走接下来的四个人。
I think we have two people signed up for our contest.
我想我们有两个人报名参加我们的比赛。
Johnny Vaughan, we'll start the CD, and we're off.
约翰尼·沃恩，我们打开 CD，然后就出发了。
Hello.
你好。
Ira Glass We can only wonder if the Generation X karaoke contest would have been more popular had there actually been an audience in the hall to participate.
Ira Glass 我们只能想，如果大厅里真的有观众参加的话，X 世代卡拉 OK 比赛是否会更受欢迎。
But the Generation X convention was one of the least successful events at the pier.
但 X 世代大会是码头上最不成功的活动之一。
The most important single fact about this $156 million economic development project is that, by all accounts, it is a huge, huge success.
关于这个耗资 1.56 亿美元的经济发展项目，最重要的一个事实是，从各方面来看，它都是一个巨大的成功。
Crowds are twice as large as anyone expected, three and a half million in just six months.
人群数量是所有人预期的两倍，短短六个月内就达到了三百五十万。
People even came during the winter.
人们甚至在冬天也来了。
And at many stores and restaurants, business is good.
而且很多商店和餐馆的生意都很好。
This is by far, I think, our best seller.
我认为这是迄今为止我们最畅销的产品。
Describe what this is.
描述一下这是什么。
This is a T-shirt.
这是一件 T 恤。
It's just a T-shirt.
这只是一件T恤。
And we have it in both designs.
我们在两种设计中都有它。
We have just a plain white T-shirt.
我们只有一件普通的白色T恤。
And what it is kind of a different look of the skyline, of fun, instead of your regular old skyline picture, just a really fun design showing Chicago with a nice little heart world representing the earth.
这是一种不同的天际线外观，很有趣，而不是常规的旧天际线图片，只是一个非常有趣的设计，展示了芝加哥，有一个代表地球的漂亮的小心脏世界。
Mary Beth Pullman owns the store Oh Yes Chicago, which looks like an upscale Gap store with blond wood floors, selling T-shirts and caps with the word Chicago on them in various designs.
玛丽·贝丝·普尔曼 (Mary Beth Pullman) 拥有 Oh Yes Chicago 商店，这家商店看起来像一家高档 Gap 商店，铺有金色木地板，出售各种设计的印有“Chicago”字样的 T 恤和帽子。
None of them, she'll tell you proudly, with the hackneyed old Al Capone, Chicago mobster, Mrs. O'Leary's cow images.
她会自豪地告诉你，没有一个是陈腐的老阿尔·卡彭、芝加哥黑帮、奥利里夫人的奶牛形象。
The T-shirt she was showing me sells 25 or so on a typical day at $15 a shirt.
她给我看的 T 恤一般一天能卖 25 件左右，每件 T 恤售价 15 美元。
Most of her customers are from out of town.
她的大多数顾客都来自外地。
They're going to maybe come in here, buy something for themselves and for a loved one, whether it be a child or a spousal unit or--
他们可能会来这里，为自己和所爱的人买一些东西，无论是孩子还是配偶单位，或者——
These are the kinds of jobs and businesses that have been created so far for $156 million.
这些是迄今为止已创造的就业机会和企业价值 1.56 亿美元。
Mary Beth Pullman's happy at the pier.
玛丽·贝丝·普尔曼在码头很高兴。
Her sales have exceeded expectations and projections.
她的销售额超出了预期和预测。
But like most businesses anywhere, it takes a while before you realize real profits.
但就像世界上大多数企业一样，你需要一段时间才能实现真正的利润。
The pier's been open less than a year.
码头开业还不到一年。
She figures it'll be another two before the store is comfortably profitable.
她估计，再过两年，商店就能轻松盈利。
And in the meantime, she's earning less than she did in her old job renting shopping center space.
与此同时，她的收入比以前在购物中心租用空间的工作收入还少。
Fortunately, she has a spousal unit of her own out in the suburbs earning money, so she doesn't have to draw a salary from the store right now.
好在她在郊区有自己的配偶单位，可以赚钱，所以现在不用去店里拿工资。
Any money that I'm taking out of the store is really being put right back in for inventory and such.
我从商店取出的任何钱实际上都会被重新投入库存等。
It's because we are coming in to our peak season.
这是因为我们即将进入旺季。
So that's how, I mean, my compensation is I could draw the salary out if I wanted to.
所以，我的意思是，我的补偿是，如果我愿意的话，我可以提取工资。
But at this point in time, it's in my best interest and the business' best interest to just put it right back in for inventory.
但在这个时候，将其重新放回库存既符合我的最佳利益，也符合公司的最佳利益。
This store has seven employees, and they earn between $6.00 and $8.00 an hour, which is about par for Navy Pier.
这家商店有 7 名员工，每小时收入为 6 至 8 美元，大约是海军码头的平均收入。
That's $12,000 to $16,000 a year, not much if you're trying to raise a family.
这相当于每年 12,000 美元到 16,000 美元，如果你想养家糊口的话，这并不算多。
But most of the people you see working at the pier are in their 20s and early 30s, just starting out.
但你看到在码头工作的大多数人都是 20 多岁和 30 岁出头，刚刚开始工作。
Nigel, for example, works in the T-shirt store half the week and uses the money to go to college the other half.
例如，奈杰尔每周在 T 恤店工作半周，然后用剩下的一半时间去上大学。
He lives with his parents, hopes to go to law school, take international law.
他和父母住在一起，希望能去法学院学习国际法。
I do speak Spanish.
我会说西班牙语。
I'm bilingual.
我是双语者。
So in the long run, maybe have some business dealings in Mexico, South America, maybe in Spain.
所以从长远来看，也许在墨西哥、南美洲，也许在西班牙有一些业务往来。
That's what I want to do.
这就是我想做的。
For now, I'm just happy working for Mary Beth here at Oh Yes Chicago.
目前，我很高兴在 Oh Yes Chicago 为 Mary Beth 工作。
In fact, many workers on the Pier said they were glad to have these jobs.
事实上，码头上的许多工人表示他们很高兴能得到这些工作。
They didn't complain.
他们没有抱怨。
The one maintenance man told me that he made more money at the hair care products company he used to work for, before layoffs sent him to the pier.
一位维修工告诉我，在裁员把他送到码头之前，他在以前工作过的护发产品公司赚了更多钱。
He was looking for another job.
他正在寻找另一份工作。
Navy Pier officials are tight-lipped about the number of jobs that have been created for $156 million in taxpayer money.
海军码头官员对用纳税人的 1.56 亿美元创造的就业岗位数量守口如瓶。
They say no economic projection or impact statements were ever done for the project.
他们表示，从未对该项目做过经济预测或影响报告。
But after weeks of refusing to provide any numbers for this radio story, they finally turned over a few.
但在连续几周拒绝提供这个广播故事的任何数据后，他们终于交出了一些数据。
Let's do them.
让我们来做吧。
[MUSIC PLAYING - "WE'RE IN THE MONEY" BY DAVE MCKENNA]
[音乐播放 - DAVE MCKENNA 的《WE’RE IN THE MONEY》]
The Navy Pier Authority says they have 137 full-time and 451 part-time employees.
海军码头管理局表示，他们有 137 名全职员工和 451 名兼职员工。
These are the people who work for the pier itself, security people, parking, maintenance.
这些人是为码头工作的人、保安人员、停车人员、维护人员。
The Navy Pier Authority would not provide information on the salary ranges of its employees, or even a breakdown of employees' jobs.
海军码头管理局不会提供有关其员工薪资范围的信息，甚至也不会提供员工工作的详细信息。
The Pier Authority refused to allow us to interview any pier employees for this report.
码头管理局拒绝让我们采访任何码头员工以撰写本报告。
In addition to the pier employees, there are 37 stores and restaurants located on the pier.
除了码头员工外，码头上还有37家商店和餐馆。
At the very most, we figure they employ 600 additional people, bringing the pier total, at most, to 1,200 workers.
我们估计他们最多会再雇佣 600 名员工，这样码头工人总数最多可达 1,200 名。
The government put $156 million dollars into the pier.
政府为码头投入了1.56亿美元。
That works out to $130,000 per job at the very least.
每份工作至少需要 130,000 美元。
And remember that more than half of these jobs are part-time.
请记住，这些工作中有一半以上是兼职。
Well, we had no idea if this was good or not, $130,000 per job created.
好吧，我们不知道这是否好，每个创造的就业机会 130,000 美元。
So we called someone to find out.
于是我们打电话找人来了解一下。
Joan Fitzgerald is a urban planner at the Great Cities Institute at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
琼·菲茨杰拉德 (Joan Fitzgerald) 是伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校大城市研究所的城市规划师。
I would say it's a lot of money per job for service sector jobs, and particularly given that the number of those that are-- because you're counting your part-time jobs in there.
我想说，对于服务业的工作来说，每份工作的收入很高，特别是考虑到这些工作的数量——因为你把兼职工作也算进去了。
And chances are those are jobs as shop clerks and so forth.
这些工作很可能是店员等。
So we're not talking living wage jobs here.
所以我们这里讨论的不是生活工资工作。
It's very high.
这是非常高的。
Joan Fitzgerald says that it used to be common for governments to create-- you know, we played that David Brancaccio music, and now I feel like I'm reading exactly like him.
琼·菲茨杰拉德说，政府创造过去很常见——你知道，我们播放了大卫·布兰卡乔的音乐，现在我觉得我的阅读方式和他一模一样。
Now I'm going to try to read like myself.
现在我要尝试像我自己一样阅读。
It's irresistible, once you play that Marketplace music, it has an effect on you that's so profound.
这是不可抗拒的，一旦你播放 Marketplace 音乐，它就会对你产生如此深远的影响。
All right.
好的。
Joan Fitzgerald-- friends at home, I just want you to try this yourselves.
琼·菲茨杰拉德——家里的朋友们，我只是想让你们自己尝试一下。
Get a copy of that Dave McKenna "We're in the Money." And good luck finding it, because it's out of print.
获取戴夫·麦肯纳 (Dave McKenna) 的《We’re in the Money》的副本。祝你好运找到它，因为它已经绝版了。
But let's not even go into that.
但我们暂且不谈这个。
And then play this thing.
然后玩这个东西。
And I swear, you start to read like David Brancaccio on Marketplace.
我发誓，您开始像 Marketplace 上的 David Brancaccio 一样阅读。
Well, I'm just going to read like him.
好吧，我要像他一样读书。
That's what I'm going to do for this section of the story.
这就是我在故事的这一部分要做的事情。
Joan Fitzgerald says that it used to be common for governments to create jobs for $10,000 or $12,000 per job, but there's been a bidding war to pull in employers and businesses.
琼·菲茨杰拉德 (Joan Fitzgerald) 表示，过去政府以每份工作 10,000 美元或 12,000 美元的价格创造就业机会很常见，但为了吸引雇主和企业，一直存在一场竞购战。
$130,000 per job is high, but still a fraction of what Alabama just spent to get a Mercedes-Benz plant.
每份工作 13 万美元虽然很高，但仍只是阿拉巴马州刚刚花在梅赛德斯-奔驰工厂上的一小部分。
And Joan Fitzgerald says that if Navy Pier helps bring tourists to the city and convention business and hotel business, then the investment makes more sense.
琼·菲茨杰拉德表示，如果海军码头有助于为这座城市带来游客以及会议业务和酒店业务，那么投资就更有意义。
You can't just look at each project in and of itself.
你不能只看每个项目本身。
You have to look at it as part of a broader tourism development strategy.
你必须将其视为更广泛的旅游业发展战略的一部分。
Chicago city officials like Greg Longhini, assistant to the commissioner at the Department of Planning and Development, would prefer if we would not try to come up with a per-job cost at all for Navy Pier.
规划与发展部专员助理格雷格·隆吉尼（Greg Longhini）等芝加哥市官员希望我们根本不尝试为海军码头提出每项工作的成本。
Absolutely not.
绝对不是。
It's a crazy way to look at the question.
这是一种疯狂的看待问题的方式。
The project was not to create jobs.
该项目不是为了创造就业机会。
The purpose of the project was to restore a civic landmark, a treasure, kind of like the restoring of the Reliance Building.
该项目的目的是修复一个城市地标、一个宝藏，有点像修复信实大厦。
I was not aware of it being a job-generating or primarily an economic development project.
我不知道这是一个创造就业机会或主要是一个经济发展项目。
So there was no notion that the idea of this was to bring some sort of business or help business in Chicago?
所以没有人认为这样做的想法是为了给芝加哥带来某种业务或帮助业务？
No, I'm not saying that that's not the case.
不，我并不是说事实并非如此。
But to start analyzing the number of jobs created by the investment doesn't make sense.
但开始分析投资创造的就业岗位数量是没有意义的。
So how should we evaluate the success or failure of Navy Pier?
那么我们应该如何评价海军码头的成败呢？
I think we should evaluate the success or failure of Navy Pier on how it's viewed by the citizens at large, how many people visit the place, what people think about it, whether or not it adds to the image of Chicago as a good place to live and a good place to visit or not.
我认为我们应该根据广大市民如何看待海军码头、有多少人参观这个地方、人们对它的看法以及它是否增加了芝加哥作为一个宜居和旅游的好地方的形象来评估海军码头的成功或失败。
Well, my friends, we've got so many beautiful little kids out here in the audience.
好吧，我的朋友们，观众席上有很多漂亮的小孩子。
We want to ask all of the little ones to come up and join us here on our stage, because we want to sing this next song directly to you guys.
我们想请所有的小孩子上台加入我们，因为我们想直接向你们唱下一首歌曲。
So come up here and stand right by us.
所以到这里来，站在我们身边。
In the middle of the atrium at Navy Pier, near the McDonald's and Oh Yes Chicago, a strolling troupe of a cappella singers called the Navy Pier Players pulls a few three- and four-year-olds from a crowd that numbers about 60.
在海军码头的中庭中央，靠近麦当劳和 Oh Yes Chicago，一支名为“海军码头球员”的无伴奏合唱团从大约 60 名人群中拉出了一些三四岁的孩子。
If it weren't for kids, have you ever thought there wouldn't be a Santa Claus.
如果没有孩子，你有没有想过不会有圣诞老人。
And look what the stork just brought, thank god for kids.
看看鹳鸟刚刚带来了什么，感谢上帝给了孩子们。
The three children being held in various singers' arms and laps stare blankly into the middle distance.
三个孩子被不同歌手抱在怀里、抱在腿上，茫然地看着中距离。
Each of the Navy Piers Players is dressed as a different character.
每个海军码头玩家都打扮成不同的角色。
The lead singer is a Da Bears-style sports fan.
主唱是一位大熊队风格的体育迷。
There's Mrs. O'Leary, whose cow supposedly started the Chicago fire.
奥利里夫人据说是她的牛引发了芝加哥火灾。
There's a cheerleader and a nerdy college boy, a guy in a mock zoot suit and a wide brim hat, a sailor girl, and a female character whose gimmick is simply that she likes shopping.
其中有一个拉拉队队长和一个书呆子大学男生，一个穿着模拟动物园服和一顶宽边帽的家伙，一个水手女孩，以及一个以喜欢购物为噱头的女性角色。
They do four shows a day, five days a week.
他们每周演出五天，每天演出四场。
And they work up a sweat, all that pep, dancing and singing.
他们满头大汗，充满活力，边跳舞边唱歌。
Seeing them belt out an a cappella rendition of, say, "Bohemian Rhapsody" in the food court to a group of tourists and stunned-looking children, you do not think this is an easy job.
看到他们在美食广场向一群游客和一脸惊愕的孩子们清唱《波西米亚狂想曲》，你会觉得这不是一件容易的事。
Anything but.
无论如何。
God bless America.
上帝保佑美国。
This next song goes out to all the patriots here at Navy Pier.
下一首歌曲是献给海军码头的所有爱国者的。
Hut, 2, 3, 4.
小屋，2、3、4。
Hut, 2, 3, 4.
小屋，2、3、4。
After the performance, I spoke with this woman, the one in the sailor costume.
演出结束后，我与这位穿着水手服装的女士交谈。
She carries an American flag and after every answer, gave me a little salute.
她举着一面美国国旗，每次回答后，都向我敬了个礼。
Yeah, I worked in a Japanese restaurant playing the piano.
是的，我在一家日本餐厅工作弹钢琴。
I started a little production company called [?
我创办了一家名为 [?
Koose ?] City Productions, and I put on two shows with that.
Koose ？] City Productions，我用它举办了两场演出。
I give piano lessons.
我教钢琴课。
Yeah.
是的。
And right now, so this is one of many-- you just saluted.
现在，这只是众多之一——你刚刚敬了礼。
Yeah.
是的。
Ira Glass This is one of many jobs that you have right now?
Ira Glass 这是您现在拥有的众多工作之一吗？
Well, this is my primary job.
嗯，这是我的主要工作。
Ira Glass 350 people auditioned for these eight jobs.
Ira Glass 有 350 人参加了这八个职位的试镜。
It may not be the greatest money in the world, but there aren't many full-time jobs for actors and singers in Chicago.
这可能不是世界上最富有的钱，但芝加哥演员和歌手的全职工作并不多。
And with two Navy Pier officials standing by to make sure no one said anything inappropriate, she said she was glad to get the work.
两名海军码头官员站在一旁，以确保没有人说任何不当的话，她说她很高兴得到这份工作。
Today's program was produced by Peter Clowney and by myself with Alix Spiegel, Nancy Updike, and Dolores Wilber.
今天的节目由彼得·克劳尼和我与阿利克斯·斯皮格尔、南希·厄普代克和多洛雷斯·威尔伯共同制作。
Contributing editors Jack Hitt, Margy Rochlin, and Paul Tough.
特约编辑 Jack Hitt、Margy Rochlin 和 Paul Tough。
WBEZ management oversight by Torey Malatia.
WBEZ 管理由 Torey Malatia 监督。
[ACKNOWLEDGMENTS] If you want to buy a tape of this or other Playhouse programs, you can call us at WBEZ.
[致谢] 如果您想购买本节目或其他 Playhouse 节目的磁带，您可以致电 WBEZ 联系我们。
If you want to give jobs to our two temp workers, Tito or Lee, you can call us for that reason, though we have received one call at least.
如果您想给我们的两名临时工 Tito 或 Lee 提供工作，您可以为此致电我们，尽管我们至少接到过一个电话。
312-832-3380, our phone number here.
312-832-3380，我们的电话号码。
Again, 312-832-3380.
再次拨打 312-832-3380。
And if you get the answering machine, just leave a message.
如果您接到答录机，请留言。
We'll call you back when we can.
我们会尽快给您回电。
You can email us at this email address, [email protected] .
您可以通过此电子邮件地址 [email protected] 向我们发送电子邮件。
We broadcast from WBEZ Chicago.
我们从 WBEZ 芝加哥进行广播。
We'll be back next week with more stories of this American life.
下周我们将带来更多有关美国生活的故事。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。