124: Welcome to America - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #124 | July 5, 2002 124: Welcome to America Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 124 集 | 2002 年 7 月 5 日 124：欢迎来到美国 注意：《美国生活》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.
如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue Abraham Lincoln Marovitz Everybody who's taking the oath, stand up.
序言 亚伯拉罕·林肯·马罗维茨 所有宣誓的人请起立。
From WBEZ Chicago and Public Radio International, it's This American Life.
来自芝加哥 WBEZ 和国际公共广播电台的《This American Life》。
And everybody speak up now, so we can hear your voice.
现在每个人都大声说话，这样我们就能听到你们的声音。
I--
我——
I-- Abraham Lincoln Marovitz Hereby declare on oath--
我——亚伯拉罕·林肯·马罗维茨在此宣誓——
Hereby declare on oath-- Abraham Lincoln Marovitz That I absolutely and entirely--
谨此宣誓——亚伯拉罕·林肯·马罗维茨，我绝对且完全——
I absolutely and entirely-- Abraham Lincoln Marovitz Renounce and abjure--
我绝对地、完全地——亚伯拉罕·林肯·马罗维茨放弃并放弃——
Renounce and abjure-- Abraham Lincoln Marovitz All allegiance and fidelity--
放弃和放弃——亚伯拉罕·林肯·马洛维茨所有的忠诚和忠诚——
All allegiance and fidelity-- Abraham Lincoln Marovitz To any foreign prince--
所有的忠诚和忠诚——亚伯拉罕·林肯·马洛维茨对任何外国王子——
To any foreign prince-- Abraham Lincoln Marovitz Potentate--
对于任何外国王子——亚伯拉罕·林肯·马罗维茨君主——
Potentate-- Abraham Lincoln Marovitz State or sovereignty.
君主——亚伯拉罕·林肯·马罗维茨 国家或主权。
State or sovereignty.
国家或主权。
Abraham Lincoln Marovitz That I will support and defend--
亚伯拉罕·林肯·马罗维茨 我将支持并捍卫——
The constitution-- Ira Glass Monday.
宪法——艾拉·格拉斯星期一。
US District Court in Chicago.
美国芝加哥地区法院。
The honorable Abraham Lincoln Marovitz presiding.
尊敬的亚伯拉罕·林肯·马罗维茨主持。
30 men women standing, taking the oath to become citizens.
30名男女起立，宣誓成为公民。
What would you say to somebody becoming a citizen of this country?
您会对成为这个国家公民的人说什么？
So help me God.
所以请上帝帮助我。
New Citizens So help me God.
新公民 请上帝帮助我。
Now shake hands with your neighbor on each side and congratulate yourself.
现在与两边的邻居握手并祝贺自己。
Lets give a nice hand, folks.
伙计们，让我们伸出援手吧。
[APPLAUSE] Abraham Lincoln Marovitz Sit down for a minute, now we can gab a little bit.
[掌声] 亚伯拉罕·林肯·马罗维茨 请坐下来，现在我们可以闲聊一下。
There's not much a judge can do that pleases everybody, but this pleases me.
法官无法做到让所有人都满意，但这让我满意。
And I'm particularly pleased to do this, because my pa and ma were immigrants, and my father's proudest possession was his citizenship papers.
我特别高兴能做到这一点，因为我的父母都是移民，而我父亲最自豪的财产就是他的公民身份证明。
And the first few years at election time I suggest who he might vote for, he said don't tell me how to vote, I'm a citizen like you.
在选举的前几年，我建议他可能投票给谁，他说不要告诉我如何投票，我是像你一样的公民。
Judge Marovitz is 93 years old.
马罗维茨法官现年 93 岁。
He still runs a citizenship ceremony only because he loves it.
他仍然举办入籍仪式只是因为他喜欢它。
He's been part of the Chicago political scene going back to the bad old days of the original Daley machine four decades ago.
他一直是芝加哥政治舞台的一部分，可以追溯到四十年前最初的戴利机器的糟糕旧时光。
His office is lined with signed photos of politicians of that era and luminaries.
他的办公室里摆满了那个时代政治家和名人的签名照片。
Jimmy Durante, Frank Sinatra, Bob Hope.
吉米·杜兰特、弗兰克·西纳特拉、鲍勃·霍普。
But there is something about welcoming people into this country that somehow conjures a picture of life here, evokes a picture of life here that is rosier than, for example, the grimy world of Chicago politics.
但是，欢迎人们来到这个国家，在某种程度上会让人想起这里的生活图景，让人想起这里的生活图景，比芝加哥肮脏的政治世界更加乐观。
It is as if, when welcoming people into this nation, we tell them not about the competitive, harsh realities of life here sometimes.
就好像，当欢迎人们来到这个国家时，我们有时并没有告诉他们这里竞争激烈、严酷的生活现实。
Not the country we see around us every single day.
不是我们每天在周围看到的国家。
But the country we want to believe this is.
但这是我们愿意相信的国家。
Every once in a while I'm introduced as a self-made man.
每隔一段时间，我就会被介绍为一个白手起家的人。
And at 93, I've yet to meet one.
93岁了，我还没见过一个人。
Or a self-made lady.
或者是一位白手起家的女士。
I've had help all my life.
我一生都得到过帮助。
A little push from some, a big push from others.
一些人的推动力很小，另一些人的推动力很大。
But a kind word from everybody.
但每个人都说了一句善意的话。
Reach out to help people.
伸出援手帮助人们。
Do a little good deed every day.
每天做一点善事。
Regardless of their color, regardless of their religion.
无论他们的肤色如何，无论他们的宗教信仰如何。
And don't judge anybody by the color of their skin or the church they go to.
不要根据肤色或去的教堂来判断任何人。
But reach out every day.
但每天都要伸出援手。
Don't let a day go by.
不要让一天过去。
His citizenship ceremony is so moving that immigration officials, whose job is normally to enforce all the laws that make it hard for people to become Americans, immigration officials compete to be assigned to the naturalization ceremony.
他的入籍仪式如此感人，以至于移民官员的工作通常是执行所有使人们难以成为美国人的法律，移民官员竞相被指派参加入籍仪式。
It's coveted.
令人垂涎。
And they're only allowed to stay on the job for a limited time.
而且他们只能在有限的时间内继续工作。
A few months.
几个月。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Each week on this radio program, we choose some topic.
每周在这个广播节目中，我们都会选择一些主题。
Bring you a variety of stories on that topic.
为您带来有关该主题的各种故事。
Today's program, Welcome to America.
今天的节目，欢迎来到美国。
Stories of people arriving here, how they see us, how we think they should see us, and what they know about us that we don't necessarily know about ourselves.
关于来到这里的人们的故事，他们如何看待我们，我们认为他们应该如何看待我们，以及他们对我们的了解而我们不一定了解自己。
Act One, What do Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sigmund Freud have in common?
第一幕，阿诺德·施瓦辛格和西格蒙德·弗洛伊德有什么共同点？
A true story of a group of Austrians who come to New York City to teach in the public high schools, and how their experience here is nothing like what Americans seem to think it will be.
这是一个关于一群奥地利人来到纽约市公立高中任教的真实故事，以及他们在这里的经历与美国人想象的完全不同。
Act Two, Are Movies Stronger than Communism?
第二幕，电影比共产主义更强大吗？
A man flees Cuba, comes to America, always partly regrets it.
一个人逃离古巴，来到美国，总是有些后悔。
His son embarks on a project to convince him that he did the right thing.
他的儿子开始了一个项目，让他相信自己做了正确的事。
Stay with us.
留在我们身边。
Act One.
第一幕。
What do Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sigmund Freud Have In Common?
阿诺·施瓦辛格和西格蒙德·弗洛伊德有什么共同点？
Well, the New York City public schools consist of roughly 65,000 teachers, 1.1 million students.
纽约市公立学校约有 65,000 名教师和 110 万名学生。
And the New York City public schools could not find enough math and science teachers for its classrooms.
纽约市的公立学校也无法为其课堂找到足够的数学和科学教师。
There's a shortage.
有短缺。
Americans somehow do not want these jobs.
美国人不知何故不想要这些工作。
Meanwhile, in the European nation of Austria, there was a surplus of math and science teachers.
与此同时，在欧洲国家奥地利，数学和科学教师出现过剩。
Somebody noticed these two facts.
有人注意到了这两个事实。
One thing led to another.
一件事导致了另一件事。
And before long, there was a decision to import Austrian teachers to New York City.
不久之后，就决定将奥地利教师引进纽约市。
This summer, school officials began the hiring process with job interviews that they conducted by videoconferencing between City College in Harlem and Vienna.
今年夏天，学校官员通过哈莱姆城市学院和维也纳城市学院之间的视频会议进行求职面试，开始了招聘流程。
Writer David Rakoff has this account of the Austrians' welcome to America and of the platitudes about this country that people kept trying to force upon them.
作家大卫·拉科夫（David Rakoff）描述了奥地利人对美国的欢迎，以及人们一直试图强加给他们的关于这个国家的陈词滥调。
Any job interview is an awkward affair.
任何工作面试都是一件尴尬的事情。
Any job interview with a panel of five interviewers, even more so.
任何由五名面试官组成的面试小组的工作面试更是如此。
How about a job interview with a panel of five interviewers, conducted in a foreign language, via transatlantic live video teleconferencing, complete with an echo and an audio delay with reporters from Nightline , the local TV news, and New York's major dailies watching?
与五名面试官组成的小组进行一次工作面试怎么样？通过跨大西洋的现场视频电话会议，用外语进行，并有回声和音频延迟，来自夜线、当地电视新闻和纽约主要日报的记者都在观看？
Two young men busily tape up a purple City College banner with packing tape for the news cameras' benefit.
两个年轻人正忙着用包装胶带贴上城市学院的紫色横幅，以方便新闻摄影机的拍摄。
Everyone is nervous.
每个人都很紧张。
Questions are repeated, slowed down.
问题不断重复，速度放慢。
It all makes for very halting progress.
这一切都导致进展非常缓慢。
A typical question.
一个典型的问题。
"Would you please tell us why you have decided to become a teacher?" Typical answer.
“能告诉我们你为什么决定当一名老师吗？”典型的答案。
[IN AUSTRIAN ACCENT] "Sorry.
[奥地利口音]“抱歉。
It's very hard to hear.
很难听清。
I didn't understand you.
我没听懂你的意思。
Could you please ask again the question, please?"
可以请您再问一次这个问题吗？”
How much of an actual cultural gap is there between the two sides?
双方实际的文化差距有多大？
Well, when asked what knowledge they had have of New York Schools, one woman answered that she heard, quote, "The kids were having guns and using drugs." But she doesn't seem overly concerned.
好吧，当被问及他们对纽约学校有什么了解时，一位女士回答说她听说过，“孩子们有枪和吸毒。”但她似乎并不过分担心。
It becomes clear that the Austrian teachers are hoping to come to New York out of a sense of adventure, to experience another culture firsthand, and to improve their English, although for the most part, they speak quite well.
很明显，奥地利老师们希望来到纽约是出于一种冒险的感觉，亲身体验另一种文化，并提高他们的英语，尽管他们大多数情况下都说得很好。
One fellow hungers for New York's multiethnic society.
一位同胞渴望纽约的多种族社会。
"I want to see the blacks.
“我想看看黑人。
Where I am from, there is only one black people a year," is how he puts it.
在我的家乡，一年只有一个黑人，”他这样说道。
"Oh," one of the African-American principals whispers.
“哦，”一位非裔美国校长低声说道。
"Vermont."
“佛蒙特。”
Three of the men, when asked why they became teachers, innocently and unabashedly answered, "because I love children." I don't know that an American male would answer that question in that way, even if it were true.
当被问到为什么当老师时，其中三人天真、毫不掩饰地回答：“因为我喜欢孩子。”我不知道美国男性会这样回答这个问题，即使这是真的。
The final question has them all completely stymied.
最后一个问题让他们完全陷入困境。
"Can you tell us anything else about yourself that should make us want to select you as one of our teachers?" Answering this kind of question is an acquired skill, even for Americans.
“你能告诉我们任何关于你自己的事情，让我们想选你作为我们的老师之一吗？”回答这类问题是一项后天习得的技能，即使对于美国人来说也是如此。
You remember how it took at least three job interviews before you learned that maintaining unwavering eye contact and being hypomanically gung ho weren't just weird and arrogant.
你还记得，你至少经历了三次工作面试后才知道，保持坚定的目光接触和轻躁狂的热情不仅仅是奇怪和傲慢。
They were required.
他们是需要的。
For the Austrians, trained in a kind of courtly European reserve, being asked to assert their sterling qualities in full voice seems truly baffling-- a trick question straight out of Alice in Wonderland .
对于受过欧洲宫廷保守训练的奥地利人来说，被要求用全声音来维护他们的纯正品质似乎确实令人困惑——这是一个直接来自《爱丽丝梦游仙境》的棘手问题。
The best answer comes from the undisputed star of the day, Andrea Unger.
最好的答案来自当今无可争议的明星安德里亚·昂格尔。
With her doctorate in Genetics at age 28, perfect English, and blonde movie star beauty, she has all of us-- educators and reporters alike-- immediately am profoundly enslaved.
28 岁时，她获得了遗传学博士学位，拥有完美的英语和金发电影明星般的美貌，我们所有人——教育工作者和记者——立刻就被她深深地奴役了。
This being a high school world that I have entered on this day, I am hyper-attuned to adolescent paradigms, and she seems to be that rarest of legendary creatures in high school pantheon-- the popular girl, beloved by students and faculty alike, who, in addition to being pretty and smart, is also nice.
这是我今天进入的高中世界，我对青春期范式非常适应，而她似乎是高中万神殿中最稀有的传奇生物——深受学生和老师喜爱的受欢迎的女孩，除了漂亮和聪明之外，她还很友善。
She's addressed as Dr. Unger.
她被称为安格尔博士。
Scarcely four minutes into her interview, the borough superintendents are mouthing, "I want her," out of camera range.
在她接受采访后不到四分钟，行政区的负责人就在镜头范围外用口型说“我想要她”。
When asked her final, "Tell us why you're the best" question, she answers, "I don't know if I'm the very best, but I will do my best.
当被问到最后一个问题“告诉我们为什么你是最好的”时，她回答说：“我不知道我是否是最好的，但我会尽力而为。
And if that's not enough, I will do much better." We would follow her into the very mouth of hell, singing songs all the while.
如果这还不够，我会做得更好。”我们会跟着她走进地狱之口，一直唱着歌。
"See you in September," says one of the interviewers after she has left the room in Vienna.
“九月见，”一位采访者离开维也纳的房间后说道。
Let's play a word association game.
我们来玩一个单词联想游戏。
One.
一。
Austrian teacher.
奥地利老师。
Association-- that extraordinary opening shot.
协会——那非凡的开场镜头。
A camera impossibly placed in the Alpine ether, coming in ever closer to the mountaintop to finally focus and settle on the turning figure, her arms outstretched, face beaming, overwhelmed with joy and music, the young novitiate, Fraulein Maria.
摄像机不可思议地放置在阿尔卑斯山的空中，越来越接近山顶，最终聚焦并定格在那个转身的身影上，她张开双臂，脸上笑容满面，被喜悦和音乐所淹没，年轻的见习生玛丽亚小姐。
[MUSIC - "THE SOUND OF MUSIC" BY JULIE ANDREWS]
[音乐 - 朱莉·安德鲁斯的《音乐之声》]
The Sound of Music.
音乐之声。
Maria von Trapp.
玛丽亚·冯·特拉普。
Julie Andrews.
朱莉·安德鲁斯。
As seen on television so many times that anyone can complete the following sentence-- "How do you solve a problem like--?"
正如在电视上多次看到的那样，任何人都可以完成以下句子——“你如何解决像——这样的问题？”
Two.
二。
New York City public schools.
纽约市公立学校。
Association.
协会。
Metal detectors, baggy jeans, box cutters, white flight.
金属探测器、宽松牛仔裤、美工刀、白色飞行。
A futile, underfunded, ineffectual exercise in neglect.
这是一种徒劳的、资金不足的、无效的疏忽行为。
The last stop before entering the revolving door prison system.
进入旋转门监狱系统前的最后一站。
In part, it is these exact stereotypes, the guileless, defenseless foreigners being used for target practice by young toughs, that have so piqued the interest of the national media.
在某种程度上，正是这些确切的刻板印象，即那些天真的、手无寸铁的外国人被年轻的强盗用来练习打靶，才如此激起了全国媒体的兴趣。
And it is these very stereotypes that I will find debunked time and again over the next five months.
在接下来的五个月里，我会发现这些刻板印象一次又一次被揭穿。
The reporter from ABC asks all the questions that are on the minds of those of us not in public education.
美国广播公司的记者提出了我们这些非公共教育界人士所关心的所有问题。
They are, verbatim, "New York is one of the toughest places to teach in this country.
他们一字不差地说：“纽约是这个国家最难教书的地方之一。
Are you up for challenge?" "New York is a very diverse city, and there are students from various different countries, and almost anywhere you teach, you'll find students of various backgrounds, various ethnicities.
你准备好挑战了吗？” “纽约是一个非常多元化的城市，有来自不同国家的学生，几乎在你任教的任何地方，你都会发现不同背景、不同种族的学生。
Is that going to be very different for you?" "You, no doubt, have heard about a string of rather unfortunate incidents we've had in the past school year.
这对你来说会有很大不同吗？” “毫无疑问，你听说过我们在过去的学年中发生的一系列相当不幸的事件。
Students shooting other students in school.
学生在学校射击其他学生。
Are you aware of that, and did that at all affect your decision to do this?"
你知道这一点吗？这是否影响了你这样做的决定？”
All of this takes place at City College, where, for generations, immigrants made their start in this country.
所有这一切都发生在城市学院，世世代代的移民都是在这个国家开始自己的事业的。
And all of this takes place in New York, a city which had not one of the much-publicized school shooting sprees of the past year.
所有这一切都发生在纽约，这座城市去年并没有发生过广为人知的校园枪击事件。
The posters in California Lounge at the Delta terminal of Kennedy airport are, paradoxically, of London, Paris, and Amsterdam.
矛盾的是，肯尼迪机场达美航空航站楼的加州休息室里的海报是伦敦、巴黎和阿姆斯特丹的。
Perhaps the only thing that seems authentically California to me about the California Lounge is how boring it is.
也许对我来说，加州酒廊唯一真正的加州特色就是它是多么无聊。
I and 13 other newspeople wait for the Austrians get through customs.
我和其他 13 名新闻记者等待奥地利人通过海关。
The teachers' union has issued this deadpan statement.
教师工会发表了这份面无表情的声明。
Quote, "We're pleased they're here, but it's regrettable that New York doesn't pay its teachers more." Unquote.
引用：“我们很高兴他们来到这里，但令人遗憾的是纽约没有向教师支付更多工资。”取消引用。
The starting salary for a teacher in New York City's $29,600, which is a living wage in this town, but not fat city, by any means.
纽约市一名教师的起薪为 29,600 美元，这在这个小镇上是生活工资，但无论如何都不是富裕城市的工资。
Those same two young men from City College come in with that same purple banner, and try to tape it up on the wall, to no avail.
这两个来自城市学院的年轻人带着同样的紫色横幅进来，试图把它贴在墙上，但无济于事。
When eventually the teachers arrive, my heart races a bit, as if I were in the presence of major celebrities.
当老师最终到达时，我的心跳有点加快，就好像我面对的是大名人一样。
This is especially true when I see Andrea.
当我看到安德里亚时尤其如此。
I'm also shocked by how young they all look.
我也对他们看起来如此年轻感到震惊。
They're all in their twenties.
他们都二十多岁了。
This only increases by fear for them.
这只会增加对他们的恐惧。
Just listen to the poker-faced reporter.
听听这位面无表情的记者的说法吧。
My name is Andrea Unger.
我叫安德里亚·昂格尔。
David Rakoff How do you feel to be here?
大卫·拉科夫 你来到这里感觉如何？
Oh, it's absolutely great.
哦，这绝对是太棒了。
And I'm absolutely overwhelmed by the interest of the press and by the friendliness of the people.
媒体的兴趣和人们的友善让我完全不知所措。
Where will you be teaching?
你将在哪里教学？
Andrea Unger I will be teaching in Brooklyn, at the Franklin D.
Andrea Unger 我将在布鲁克林的 Franklin D.
Roosevelt High School.
罗斯福高中。
You know, I was just talking to Joyce Koppen about it.
你知道，我刚刚和乔伊斯·科彭谈论过这件事。
It's got 4,000 kids.
它有 4,000 个孩子。
Which is extraordinary.
这是非凡的。
I think the Franklin Roosevelt High School is going to be, um, a completely interesting experience for you.
我认为富兰克林·罗斯福高中对您来说将是一次非常有趣的经历。
Whatever it means, eh?
不管这意味着什么，嗯？
David Rakoff Andrea and three other of the 26 Austrian teachers, Lutz Holzinger, Elke Rogl, and Nikolaus Ettel are all assigned to teach at FDR.
David Rakoff Andrea 和 26 名奥地利教师中的另外三名 Lutz Holzinger、Elke Rogl 和 Nikolaus Ettel 都被分配到罗斯福任教。
I decide to follow them.
我决定跟随他们。
Here's Nikki.
这是妮基。
My name is Nikolaus Ettel.
我的名字是尼古拉斯·埃特尔。
David Rakoff And where will you be teaching?
David Rakoff 您将在哪里任教？
Where?
在哪里？
Nikolaus Ettel In Brooklyn, FDR High School.
尼古拉斯·埃特尔（Nikolaus Ettel）在布鲁克林，罗斯福高中。
Yeah.
是的。
David Rakoff And do you have any thoughts about what it is you're about to embark on?
David Rakoff 您对即将开始的事情有什么想法吗？
I want to just look what happens.
我想看看会发生什么。
I know about the school.
我知道学校的情况。
I've heard that it's a big school.
我听说那所学校很大。
It's huge.
它是巨大的。
It's 4,000 kids.
有 4,000 个孩子。
I just found that out.
我刚刚发现这一点。
This is one of our customs as New Yorkers, welcoming foreigners to our shores.
这是我们作为纽约人的习俗之一，欢迎外国人来到我们的海岸。
Because we are so often frightened by living here, we are annoyed and offended when visitors fail to show the proper signs of terror.
因为住在这里我们经常感到害怕，所以当访客没有表现出适当的恐惧迹象时，我们会感到恼怒和冒犯。
So we try to scare the living daylights out of them.
所以我们试图把他们吓得魂不附体。
And if oblique auguries of physical peril don't work, well then, we can always talk about rent.
如果身体危险的间接预兆不起作用，那么我们可以随时谈论租金。
I want to live together with some Brooklyn teachers.
我想和布鲁克林的一些老师住在一起。
Because low costs.
因为成本低。
Yeah.
是的。
It's a particularly expensive time in New York City right now.
现在是纽约市特别昂贵的时期。
Rents are kind of-- well, you never know.
租金有点——嗯，你永远不知道。
Luckily enough for the Austrian teachers, their introduction to life in New York City and its public school system will not be left up to the paranoid, hysterical likes of me and other members of the fourth estate.
对于奥地利教师来说幸运的是，他们对纽约市生活及其公立学校系统的介绍不会留给像我和第四阶层其他成员这样偏执、歇斯底里的人。
Like the news cameraman who, upon hearing that they will be teaching high school, whistles, asking no one in particular, "Anybody know karate?"
就像新闻摄影师一听说他们要在高中教书，就吹口哨，没有特别问任何人，“有人会空手道吗？”
They will instead sit through a series of days-long orientation sessions at the Board of Ed, where they will be turned into fully functional New Yorkers with social security numbers and bank accounts.
相反，他们将在教育委员会参加一系列为期数天的入职培训，在那里他们将成为拥有社会安全号码和银行账户的功能齐全的纽约人。
The bank accounts courtesy of Miss Licorice, her actual name, the representative from the Chase Manhattan bank.
银行账户由甘草小姐提供，她的真名是大通曼哈顿银行的代表。
They are taught how to write checks.
他们被教导如何写支票。
Of course they do.
当然有。
That's different, I guess.
我想那是不同的。
At these sessions, they're told that the United States is a free country.
在这些会议上，他们被告知美国是一个自由的国家。
They're told that they don't have to register with the police wherever they live.
他们被告知，无论身在何处，都不必向警方登记。
They're told that when they apply for a driver's license, they won't actually have to know how to fix an engine, as they do in Austria.
他们被告知，当他们申请驾驶执照时，他们实际上不必像在奥地利那样知道如何修理发动机。
They're told that in New York, teachers use modern teaching methods, unlike, it is implied, Austria.
他们被告知，在纽约，教师使用现代教学方法，这与奥地利不同。
The New York educators warn them time and again about the dangers of the dreaded "chalk and talk," that driest, most outmoded Teutonic kind of pedagogy where one stands at the chalkboard, lectures, maybe draws some diagrams, but has no capacity to field inquiry or lead a discussion.
纽约的教育工作者一次又一次地警告他们可怕的“粉笔和谈话”的危险，这是一种最枯燥、最过时的日耳曼式教学法，人们站在黑板前讲课，也许画一些图表，但没有能力进行实地调查或引导讨论。
The underlying message is, Toto, you're not in Klagenfurt anymore.
潜在的信息是，托托，你已经不在克拉根福了。
You seem like a lot of that chalk and talk is what you're accustomed to.
你似乎已经习惯了很多粉笔和谈话。
I like to talk to my people about hitting the ground running, like they do in the war.
我喜欢和我的员工谈论如何立即行动，就像他们在战争中所做的那样。
That's what you do.
这就是你要做的。
You're in there very quickly.
你很快就进去了。
If you walk the walk and talk the talk, kids will respect you.
如果你言行一致，孩子们就会尊重你。
What I mean by that is, establish yourself as the leader in this situation immediately, and you will survive.
我的意思是，在这种情况下，立即确立自己的领导者地位，你就能生存下来。
One of the more useful moments in the whole orientation, and one that reminds them why they are here, comes when the Austrians meet actual New York City high school kids for the first time.
整个培训过程中最有用的时刻之一，也是提醒他们为什么来这里的时刻，是在奥地利人第一次见到真正的纽约市高中生时。
This communication is very essential to the learning process between you and the students.
这种沟通对于您和学生之间的学习过程非常重要。
The following, which are being passed out, a word that you will hear us use to address our peers and to address some of the teachers also.
以下是我们正在分发的一个词，您将听到我们用它来称呼我们的同龄人和一些老师。
What we will be teaching you is our language.
我们将教给您的是我们的语言。
They run for their flash cards.
他们跑去寻找闪存卡。
"Bounce," "whatever's clever," "the bomb," "jiggy," "phat," "you buggin'," "you played yourself." The lesson in slang continues just a few days later in a week the class about life in the city that is being called New York 101 by the media.
“弹跳”、“聪明的事”、“炸弹”、“jiggy”、“phat”、“你该死的”、“你自己玩了。”俚语课程在几天后的一周内继续进行，有关这座被媒体称为“纽约 101”的城市生活的课程。
Although no one out of the media seems to have another name for it.
尽管媒体之外似乎没有人给它起别的名字。
They just call it "what the media are calling New York 101."
他们只是称之为“媒体所说的纽约 101”。
The professor, a retired English scholar and native Brooklynite, spends the first 20 minutes of the first class quizzing them on their various subway routes and telling them quicker alternatives.
这位教授是一位退休的英国学者，也是土生土长的布鲁克林人，他在第一节课的前 20 分钟里询问了学生们各种地铁路线的情况，并告诉他们更快的选择。
It is one New Yorkers' favorite pastimes, telling one another the best subway routes to get someplace.
这是纽约人最喜欢的消遣之一，告诉彼此到达某个地方的最佳地铁路线。
As the other New Yorker in the room, I am fascinated, and cannot resist even chiming in at one point about the long underground transfer between the 4/5 and the 2/3 at Fulton Street.
作为房间里的另一位纽约人，我很着迷，甚至忍不住插话一下富尔顿街 4/5 和 2/3 之间的长距离地下换乘。
The Austrians stare blankly and seem exhausted.
奥地利人目光茫然，看上去精疲力尽。
Then comes colloquialisms lessons in the form of a handout.
然后是讲义形式的口语课程。
This glossary of New York argot has words and phrases like "86," "schmear," "bimbo," "maven," "what am I, chopped liver?" and "schlepping all over town, looking for some tchochkes." All of which would be very useful, if it were 1949, if you were a hard-boiled cutie pie gun moll, or in the USO, or a been-around-the-block dishwater blonde waitress, or a private dick, anyone from a Damon Runyon story, or auditioning for Seinfeld.
这个纽约行话词汇表包含诸如“86”、“schmear”、“bimbo”、“maven”、“我是什么，碎肝？”等单词和短语。以及“拖着脚步走遍全城，寻找一些小玩意”。如果是在 1949 年，如果你是一个冷酷无情的可爱派枪情人，或者在 USO，或者是一个在街区里洗碗的金发女服务员，或者是一个私生子，或者是达蒙·鲁尼恩故事中的任何人，或者是宋飞正传的试镜者，那么所有这些都会非常有用。
What becomes evident over the course of the orientation is that the Austrians are also being given an unvarnished glimpse, albeit an unwitting one, into what it is truly like to be a student in a public high school in North America.
在培训过程中显而易见的是，奥地利人也得以一睹作为北美公立高中学生的真实感受，尽管是在不知不觉中。
Hours spent sitting, listening to lecture after lecture, frequently droning, and frequently about things they will never need to know.
花几个小时坐着，听一个又一个的讲座，经常嗡嗡作响，经常谈论他们永远不需要知道的事情。
The bureaucratic structure of the board of education, for example.
例如，教育委员会的官僚结构。
Or how to say "86 of whiskey, down with the schmear!"
或者怎么说“86 瓶威士忌，打倒那些污点！”
The orientation does teach them how to find an apartment in New York City-- no laughing matter.
入职培训确实教会了他们如何在纽约市找到一套公寓——这可不是闹着玩的。
Well, if it's a laughing matter, it's in that bitter, rueful kind of way.
好吧，如果这是一件可笑的事情，那也是以那种痛苦、悲伤的方式。
But very surprisingly, in one weekend of hitting the streets during a Wall Street boom, they all have homes.
但令人惊讶的是，在华尔街繁荣时期走上街头的一个周末，他们都拥有了自己的家。
Homes they have given names to.
他们给房屋起了名字。
This is Little Austria.
这就是小奥地利。
Can't take your call now.
现在无法接听您的电话。
Please leave a message after the long beep.
请在长鸣声后留言。
Thank you.
谢谢。
Hi.
你好。
This is the girls' apartment.
这是女孩们的公寓。
We're not hear now.
我们现在听不到。
Please leave a message.
请留言。
We will call you back.
我们会给您回电。
Bye bye.
再见。
Elke and Andrea live in the Gravesend section of Brooklyn.
埃尔克和安德里亚住在布鲁克林格雷夫森德区。
Lutz and Nikolaus are in Sunset Park, another part of Brooklyn.
卢茨和尼古拉斯在布鲁克林另一部分的日落公园。
Their place is huge and sunny.
他们的地方很大而且阳光明媚。
Seven of the teachers occupy two apartments in the same building.
其中七名教师占据同一栋大楼的两套公寓。
They take me along with them when they go to see their school for the first time a few days before the beginning of the semester.
开学前几天，他们第一次去学校的时候带上了我。
It's two subway rides away, in the Bensonhurst neighborhood of Brooklyn.
距离布鲁克林本森赫斯特 (Bensonhurst) 街区有两站地铁路程。
Bensonhurst was the scene of some racist violence a few years back.
几年前，本森赫斯特曾发生过一些种族主义暴力事件。
I am quite frankly terrified at the thought of going there.
坦率地说，我一想到要去那里就感到害怕。
As far as I knew, if you weren't white, Italian-American and straight, you stayed out of Bensonhurst.
据我所知，如果你不是白人、意大利裔美国人和异性恋，你就不会进入本森赫斯特。
But as it turns out, FDR's 4,000 kids are from 72 different countries, representing 32 different language groups.
但事实证明，罗斯福的 4000 名孩子来自 72 个不同的国家，代表 32 个不同的语言群体。
One third of them identified as limited English-speaking youngsters, meaning they entered the US within the last two or three years.
其中三分之一的人被认为是英语能力有限的年轻人，这意味着他们是在过去两三年内进入美国的。
Easily 60% of the entire student body was born outside the United States.
整个学生群体中 60% 的人轻松出生在美国境外。
The Austrians will be right at home.
奥地利人将会宾至如归。
The media attention surrounding them shows no signs of abating.
媒体对他们的关注丝毫没有减弱的迹象。
Their schools are Fielding inquiries from CBS, Austrian TV, and a Japanese television crew.
他们的学校正在处理来自哥伦比亚广播公司、奥地利电视台和日本电视台的询问。
The Austrians tell me how fed up they're getting with being portrayed as being too scared to take the subway, unfamiliar with different ethnicities, and oblivious to social problems.
奥地利人告诉我，他们非常厌倦被描绘成不敢乘坐地铁、不熟悉不同种族、忽视社会问题的形象。
Lutz gently points out that the small matter of the genocidal civil war in former Yugoslavia is happening not too far from Vienna.
卢茨温和地指出，前南斯拉夫种族灭绝内战这一小事就发生在离维也纳不远的地方。
There are refugees coming into Austria every day.
每天都有难民进入奥地利。
Lutz and Nikki are not men who are unaware of the outside world.
路兹和妮基并不是不了解外面世界的人。
"We are international people," says Nikki, whose girlfriend is spending the year working in Moscow.
“我们是国际人士，”尼基说，她的女朋友在莫斯科工作了一年。
I ask them if they have drugs and teenage pregnancy in Vienna.
我问他们在维也纳是否有吸毒和少女怀孕的情况。
Lutz replies, of course, although not to the extent of New York City, obviously.
卢茨当然会回答，尽管显然没有达到纽约市的范围。
But it's really an idiotic question.
但这确实是一个愚蠢的问题。
Where do I think they come from, Shangri-La?
我认为它们来自哪里，香格里拉？
Franklin Delano Roosevelt High is beside a huge cemetery.
富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福高中旁边有一个巨大的墓地。
Literally beside the graveyard, with headstones coming right up to the building.
字面上是在墓地旁边，墓碑一直延伸到建筑物。
It almost seems like a teen exploitation film joke, a summer camp actually built across the lake from an insane asylum.
这看起来几乎像是一个青少年剥削电影的笑话，一个夏令营实际上是在疯人院的湖对面建造的。
Architecturally, the school is one of those early '60s Bauhaus-y structures of glass and cinder block.
从建筑角度看，这所学校是 60 年代早期由玻璃和煤渣砖建造的包豪斯式建筑之一。
It's quite an attractive building, actually, and there's a friendliness, a sense of community about the place.
事实上，这是一座非常有吸引力的建筑，而且这个地方充满了友善和社区意识。
It's in perfect repair.
已经完美修复了
The floors gleam.
地板闪闪发光。
We run into the school guidance counselors, who treat the Austrian Four like celebrities.
我们遇到了学校的辅导员，他们对待奥地利四人就像对待名人一样。
[SIDE CONVERSATION] Counselor 1 I think I saw you on TV.
[旁白] 1 号辅导员 我想我在电视上看到了你。
Despite the fact that she has two days to get the school ready for 4,000, and that Andrea, Lutz, Nikki, and Elke are by no means the only four new teachers starting this year, FDR's principal, the amazing Adele Vocel, takes the time to sit down with them in the conference room.
尽管她有两天的时间让学校为 4,000 名学生做好准备，而且安德里亚 (Andrea)、卢茨 (Lutz)、尼基 (Nikki) 和埃尔克 (Elke) 绝不是今年开始的仅有的四位新教师，但罗斯福的校长、令人惊叹的阿黛尔·沃塞尔 (Adele Vocel) 还是花时间在会议室与他们坐下来。
She doesn't talk to them like Austrian teachers, just teachers.
她不像奥地利老师那样和他们说话，只是老师而已。
And it's not for my benefit, either.
而且这也不是为了我的利益。
I am, in a word, tolerated.
总而言之，我是可以容忍的。
As I said before, you chose a career that's probably the greatest career going.
正如我之前所说，您选择的职业可能是最伟大的职业。
Don't be afraid of our kids.
不要害怕我们的孩子。
I don't know what you've heard of New York City kids.
我不知道你对纽约市的孩子有什么了解。
They're good kids.
他们是好孩子。
OK?
好的？
But you've got the enthusiasm.
但你有热情。
You've got the [UNINTELLIGIBLE].
你得到了[无法理解]。
You've got the conviction, or you wouldn't be here.
你有这个信念，否则你就不会在这里。
So let everybody know.
所以让大家知道一下。
Let the kids know that's how you feel.
让孩子们知道这就是你的感受。
OK?
好的？
I follow along as Lutz and Andrea are shown the newly renovated science labs, introduced to the ninth grade biology curriculum, and meet Jim and Alex, two biology teachers who sit down with them and joke around like a Vaudeville duo for about 30 minutes or so.
我跟着卢茨和安德里亚参观了新装修的科学实验室，介绍了九年级的生物课程，并见到了吉姆和亚历克斯，这两位生物老师和他们坐在一起，像歌舞杂耍二人组一样开玩笑了大约 30 分钟左右。
They're friendly and contagiously funny and irreverent, and like everyone we meet at the school, they project this sense of shared purpose and excitement.
他们很友好，风趣且具有感染力，但就像我们在学校遇到的每个人一样，他们表现出这种共同的目标和兴奋感。
They make it look like great fun.
他们让它看起来很有趣。
And there's no false nobility here, either.
这里也没有虚假的贵族。
There's none of that sunwashed earnestness of films like Dead Poets' Society.
没有《死亡诗社》那样的那种阳光下的真诚。
All of this is a long way towards dispelling the fear of the school year that begins in two days' time.
所有这些都有助于消除对两天后开学的恐惧。
I conjecture that a lot of the feeling of goodwill and helpfulness so evident at FDR seems to emanate in large part from Adele Vocel.
我猜想，罗斯福身上如此明显的善意和乐于助人的感觉在很大程度上似乎来自阿黛尔·沃塞尔。
She speaks to the Austrians, and indeed everyone we're introduced to that day-- from the vice principals to the payroll secretaries.
她与奥地利人交谈，实际上还与我们当天介绍的每个人交谈——从副校长到工资秘书。
As colleagues, not as subordinates.
作为同事，而不是作为下属。
It strikes me that the New York these Austrians will be working in is very different from the New York inhabited by the members of the media covering them, including myself.
让我惊讶的是，这些奥地利人将要工作的纽约与报道他们的媒体成员（包括我自己）居住的纽约非常不同。
For starters, there's a lack of ironic posturing to the Austrians, and to almost everyone I encounter on this story.
首先，对于奥地利人以及我在这个故事中遇到的几乎每个人都缺乏讽刺的姿态。
No one is making constant air quotes or dropping their voices in "what, me, serious?" disaffection.
没有人不断地引用或降低声音“什么，我，认真的？”不满。
No one acts like they've seen it before.
没有人表现得像以前见过一样。
At one point during a teacher orientation, Adele Vocel read a poem called "Average" to a room full of adults.
在一次教师迎新活动中，阿黛尔·沃塞尔（Adele Vocel）向满屋子的成年人朗读了一首名为《平均》的诗。
"I don't cause teachers trouble.
“我不会给老师带来麻烦。
My grades have been OK.
我的成绩一直不错。
I listen in my classes and I'm in school every day.
我每天都在课堂上听讲并且在学校。
My teachers say I'm average.
我的老师说我很平均。
My parents think so, too.
我父母也这么认为。
I wish I didn't know that, because there's a lot I'd like to do.
我希望我不知道这一点，因为我还有很多想做的事情。
I'd like to build a rocket.
我想建造一枚火箭。
I have a book to tell you how.
我有一本书告诉你如何做。
And start a stamp collection.
并开始集邮。
Oh, no use trying now.
哦，现在尝试没有用。
Because since I found on average, I'm just smart enough to see it means I'm nothing special, that I should expect to be."
因为自从我发现平均水平以来，我就足够聪明，看到这意味着我没什么特别的，而我应该期望如此。”
Later on, at a reception at the Austrian consulate, another woman in public education planted herself in the middle of the room, took out a laminated card in your pocket, and read a poem to the effect of, a hundred years from now, it will not matter how much money I made, what kind of car I drove, how big my house was, whether or not I was famous.
后来，在奥地利领事馆的一次招待会上，另一位从事公共教育的女士站在房间中央，从口袋里掏出一张层压卡片，读了一首诗，大意是，一百年后，我赚多少钱，开什么样的车，我的房子有多大，无论我是否出名，都不再重要。
What will matter is that I made a difference in the life of a child.
重要的是我改变了一个孩子的生活。
Generally the words, I'm just going to redo this poem elicit feelings of mild embarrassment in people.
一般来说，“我只是要重做这首诗”这句话会引起人们轻微的尴尬感。
How avid, how earnest.
多么热心，多么认真。
I'm not proud to admit that I was a little amused when I first heard these two problems.
我并不自豪地承认，当我第一次听到这两个问题时，我有点好笑。
Neither of them is very good poetry, after all.
毕竟，它们都不是很好的诗。
But on reflection, I realize that they achieve precisely what poetry is meant to accomplish.
但经过反思，我意识到他们正是达到了诗歌的目的。
They edify.
他们启发。
They elevate.
他们提升。
They speak to an underlying truth not immediately apparent.
它们讲述了一个并不立即显而易见的基本事实。
They change the way one looks at things.
它们改变了人们看待事物的方式。
We in the media have all been portraying the Austrians as heading off into a blackboard jungle.
我们媒体都将奥地利人描绘成正在走向黑板丛林。
All cynicism, institutional neglect, and violence.
所有的愤世嫉俗、机构忽视和暴力。
When in fact, they're entering a world none of us reporters imagined.
事实上，他们正在进入一个我们记者都没有想象到的世界。
A world where being earnest and avid and passionate is anything but embarrassing.
在这个世界里，真诚、热情和热情绝不是令人尴尬的。
It's been made clear to me by Adele Vocel that I am not welcome in the classrooms once the students arrive.
阿黛尔·沃塞尔 (Adele Vocel) 向我明确表示，一旦学生到达，教室将不欢迎我。
He obligation, she tells me, is to the kids, and I would be an unnecessary distraction.
她告诉我，他的义务是对孩子们，而我会成为不必要的干扰。
I see the sense of this, but I need to see what happens with the Austrian four, so I invite them for dinner, and they accept, and seem happy to be asked.
我明白其中的意义，但我需要看看奥地利四人会发生什么，所以我邀请他们共进晚餐，他们接受了，并且似乎很高兴被邀请。
We have two dinners together, one in September and one in March.
我们一起吃了两顿晚餐，一顿在九月，另一顿在三月。
At both, they describe the work as hard and time-consuming, with evenings spent either preparing lessons, grading homework, or marking the many, many tests they seem to administer-- far more than are given at schools in Austria.
在这两家学校，他们都形容这项工作既辛苦又耗时，晚上要么用来备课、批改作业，要么批改他们似乎要进行的许许多多考试——远远超过奥地利学校的要求。
And seeing New York City teaching methods up close and firsthand, the Austrians are finding some of their own preconceptions debunked.
近距离亲眼目睹纽约市的教学方法后，奥地利人发现自己的一些先入之见被揭穿了。
They seem surprised and more than a little bit disappointed that their training turns out to be far more unconventional and modern than that of their American counterparts.
他们似乎感到惊讶，甚至有点失望，因为他们的训练比美国同行的训练更加非传统和现代。
It turns out they were being warned against "chalk and talk" at their orientation because "chalk and talk" remain such a tenacious mainstay of American teaching.
事实证明，他们在入学培训中被警告不要“粉笔和谈话”，因为“粉笔和谈话”仍然是美国教学的顽强支柱。
You know, we were trying not to chalk and talk.
你知道，我们尽量不用粉笔写字和说话。
And we were very eager to earn the American way of teaching, to see alternative concepts, alternative approach to teaching and all this stuff.
我们非常渴望获得美国的教学方式，看到替代的概念、替代的教学方法以及所有这些东西。
And I think a lot of us have watched other teachers teaching, and gones that lessons, and all that we see is chalk and talk.
我想我们很多人都看过其他老师的教学，然后上完课，我们看到的只是粉笔和谈话。
You don't see anything else.
你看不到其他任何东西。
And everyone was saying--
每个人都在说——
[INAUDIBLE] doing group work or something is cool sometimes.
[听不清] 做小组工作或其他事情有时很酷。
No, we never did.
不，我们从来没有这样做过。
I really dare to say that the Austrian teachers do more with the pupils than the American teachers.
我真的敢说奥地利老师比美国老师对学生做的更多。
Really.
真的。
And I think the American system is just [INAUDIBLE].
我认为美国的体系只是[听不清]。
Yeah, just blah blah blah blah blah.
是啊，就是啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊啊
The kids are sitting there.
孩子们坐在那里。
They are bored.
他们很无聊。
And you think, ah ha, you know that maybe.
你想，啊哈哈，你知道也许吧。
And you could ask them and you see nobody knows it.
你可以问他们，你会发现没有人知道。
It's contrary to our beliefs, in a way.
在某种程度上，这与我们的信念相反。
I think that everybody [UNINTELLIGIBLE] very disappointed about the American system.
我认为每个人[无法理解]对美国的体系都非常失望。
Very disappointed about it.
对此非常失望。
Take all that with a grain of salt.
对这一切持保留态度。
That was recorded in September.
这是九月份录制的。
At the dinner in March, they feel calmer and have a more positive and three-dimensional view of American methods and school in general, as they themselves are more realistically viewed.
在三月的晚宴上，他们感到更加平静，并对美国的方法和学校有了更积极和立体的看法，因为他们自己也被更现实地看待。
After sharing three bottles of wine, I am given enough courage for my next question.
分享了三瓶酒后，我有了足够的勇气回答下一个问题。
The question that I have been waiting to ask since the day they entered the misbegotten California Lounge of Kennedy Airport
自从他们进入肯尼迪机场不当的加州休息室那天起，我就一直在等待问这个问题
So now, have you guys ever seen The Sound of Music?
那么，你们看过《音乐之声》吗？
No. David Rakoff You don't know what it is?
不。 David Rakoff 你不知道那是什么？
I have seen it in America.
我在美国见过。
David Rakoff Do you know what it is?
大卫·拉考夫 你知道那是什么吗？
Yeah.
是的。
Nikolaus Ettel No Austrian knows The Sound of Music.
尼古拉斯·埃特尔 (Nikolaus Ettel) 没有一个奥地利人懂得《音乐之声》。
Everybody tells me about it.
每个人都告诉我这件事。
They say, tell me how to sing "Edelweis."
他们说，告诉我如何唱“雪绒花”。
We've been told about it.
我们已经被告知了。
David Rakoff By everybody.
大卫·拉考夫 大家好。
"But 'Edelweis,' that's the national anthem of Austria, isn't it?"
“但是‘雪绒花’是奥地利的国歌，不是吗？”
No. It's not an Austrian folk song.
不，这不是奥地利民歌。
It's nothing.
没什么。
And we just thought, we just assumed that Maria von Trapp was a folk hero in Austria.
我们只是想，我们只是假设玛丽亚·冯·特拉普是奥地利的民间英雄。
No one knows her.
没有人认识她。
David Rakoff You know who Julie Andrews is?
大卫·拉考夫 你知道朱莉·安德鲁斯是谁吗？
Yes.
是的。
Mary Poppins.
欢乐满人间。
And Victor and Victoria.
还有维克多和维多利亚。
Ever the gracious host, and ever eager for a colorful setting to exploit in the service of this radio story, I take the Austrians to see the New York panorama at the Queens Museum in Flushing Meadows.
作为一位亲切的主人，并且渴望为这个广播故事提供丰富多彩的背景，我带着奥地利人去法拉盛梅多斯的皇后博物馆欣赏纽约全景。
It's an enormous diorama of the five boroughs with scale models of every single building in the greater metropolitan area.
这是一个巨大的五个行政区的立体模型，其中包含大都市区每栋建筑的比例模型。
I checked.
我查了一下。
Everything is there, right down to a half-inch replica of the four story brownstone where I live.
一切都在那里，连我住的四层褐砂石建筑的半英寸复制品都在那里。
The diorama.
西洋镜。
is really big.
真的很大。
Certainly a healthy percentage of a football field in size.
当然，这占了足球场大小的一个合理比例。
Spectators walk around its perimeter on a catwalk from above.
观众从上方沿着 T 台绕其周边走动。
The videotaped presentation about the display's construction that plays constantly on loop begins with an announcer exclaimed over a Gershwin score, "New York City, the Big Apple, making it big, the arts capital of the world." This bit of cheap New York, New York propagandist metaphor seems a little naive.
关于显示器结构的录像演示不断循环播放，播音员在格什温的配乐中惊呼道：“纽约市，大苹果，正在使它成为世界艺术之都。”这种廉价的纽约、纽约宣传家的比喻似乎有点天真。
Because what one actually sees by looking at this accurate depiction of the city in its entirety is that most of the city, the New York that is New York to most New Yorkers, is actually Queens, Brooklyn, Staten Island, the Bronx, which all contain some pretty vast areas of Urban blight and desolation.
因为通过对整个城市的准确描述，人们实际上看到的是，这座城市的大部分地区，即大多数纽约人眼中的纽约，实际上是皇后区、布鲁克林、史坦顿岛、布朗克斯区，这些地区都包含一些相当大的城市枯萎和荒凉地区。
It is the perfect backdrop to ask them how they're doing.
这是询问他们过得怎么样的完美背景。
They are assimilating rapidly.
他们正在迅速同化。
The relation to the kids gets better and better.
和孩子们的关系越来越好。
And in some classes, it's really interesting now.
在某些课程中，现在真的很有趣。
You know all of them.
你都认识他们。
How to handle the kids.
怎样对待孩子。
I mean, it's possible not to make it more interesting for both sides.
我的意思是，有可能不会让双方都变得更有趣。
So now do they seem different from Austrian kids?
那么现在他们看起来和奥地利孩子有什么不同吗？
Yes.
是的。
I mean, I don't think that in Austria the relationship could be that's-- how do you say?-- unformal.
我的意思是，我不认为在奥地利，这种关系可能是——你怎么说？——非正式的。
Informal.
非正式。
Andrea Unger Informal, yes, informal.
Andrea Unger 非正式，是的，非正式。
Don't think so.
不这么认为。
Because they are making jokes, and I'm laughing, I'm making jokes, and they are laughing.
因为他们在开玩笑，我在笑，我在开玩笑，他们在笑。
It's very seldom you find that.
你很少发现这种情况。
I think so.
我想是的。
Do you feel like teachers or do you feel like foreign teachers?
你觉得自己像老师还是外教？
Now I feel like a teacher.
现在我感觉自己像个老师。
Andrea Unger I still don't feel like a teacher.
安德里亚·昂格（Andrea Unger） 我仍然不觉得自己像个老师。
We're standing over the Brighton Beach and Rockaway is part of the diorama, Manhattan far behind us.
我们站在布莱顿海滩上，洛克威是立体模型的一部分，曼哈顿远远在我们身后。
And while it's certainly the most crowded of the islands, its buildings are the tallest, it's also noticeably smallest.
虽然它无疑是最拥挤的岛屿，但它的建筑物最高，但也明显最小。
Seeing it from here, from the equivalent of a few thousand feet up, Manhattan's disproportionate influence, the power of its few over the millions in the outer boroughs, seems not just strange.
从这里，从相当于几千英尺高的地方来看，曼哈顿的影响力不成比例，少数人的力量超过了外围行政区的数百万人，这似乎不仅奇怪。
It seems futile.
看来是徒劳的。
All of us in the media have been wondering how the Austrians would deal with it all.
我们所有媒体人都想知道奥地利人将如何应对这一切。
Expecting them to crumble when actually faced with real New York.
期望他们在真正面对真正的纽约时崩溃。
That the smug assurance that Manhattanites like myself know what real New York is.
自鸣得意地保证像我这样的曼哈顿人知道什么是真正的纽约。
But more than almost anyone I know, these four teachers have been thrust into a uniquely diverse and mixed environment where almost everyone is from somewhere else.
但这四位老师比我认识的几乎所有人都更被推入一个独特的多元化和混合的环境，几乎每个人都来自其他地方。
In my search for an authentic backdrop to this scene, I brought these teachers to a large simulacrum, when probably the most authentically New York place is the block they live on.
在寻找这个场景的真实背景时，我把这些老师带到了一个大型模拟中，而最真实的纽约地方可能就是他们居住的街区。
It's time to find their houses.
是时候找到他们的房子了。
There's a light.
有光。
A red light.
一道红灯。
Where are we?
我们在哪里？
Here.
这里。
OK.
好的。
Now we look for [?
现在我们寻找[?
Rockaway.
洛克威。
?]
？]
OK.
好的。
This Sunset Park?
这个日落公园？
David Rakoff Which?
大卫·拉考夫 哪一个？
The small green or the big green?
小绿还是大绿？
Big green is the Queens cemetery.
大绿地是皇后墓地。
And small one is the Sunset Park.
小的一个是日落公园。
Sunset Park.
日落公园。
Fifth Avenue till Seventh Avenue.
第五大道至第七大道。
Night descends upon the miniature city.
夜幕降临在这座微型城市上。
Their city.
他们的城市。
The sky darkens and blacklights illuminate the buildings, whose windows seem that up in millions of pinpoints.
天空变暗，黑光照亮了建筑物，建筑物的窗户似乎有数百万个小点。
A few moments later, it is morning again, and another day dawns on the greatest metropolis on earth.
片刻之后，又是早晨，地球上最伟大的大都市又迎来了一天的黎明。
The orchestra on the video plays.
视频中的管弦乐队正在演奏。
It is all one can do not to stretch out one's arms and turn around like some singing nun on the mountainside for the sheer joy and beauty and hugeness of it all.
人们所能做的就是不张开双臂，像山腰上唱歌的尼姑一样转身，去享受这一切纯粹的欢乐、美丽和巨大。
Tiny planes on invisible wires come in for landings and take off from the diorama airport.
隐形电线上的微型飞机从立体模型机场降落和起飞。
And far higher than all of them, an airplane sails through the sky, tracing its path from across the Atlantic westward to somewhere else on the continent.
一架飞机在天空中飞翔，飞越大西洋，向西飞向大陆上的其他地方，远高于所有这些飞机。
Nikki wonders aloud how any plane passing over New York could possibly resist landing there.
尼基大声地想知道，任何经过纽约上空的飞机怎么可能拒绝降落在那里。
Indeed, how could any aircraft ignore the very center of the universe?
确实，任何飞机怎么可能忽视宇宙的中心呢？
He's become a real New Yorker at last.
他终于成为一个真正的纽约人了。
[MUSIC - "NEW YORK CITY" BY THEY MIGHT BE GIANTS]
[音乐 - 他们可能是巨人的“纽约城”]
Coming up, trying to convince Dad down in Florida that it was a good idea to immigrate to America all those years ago.
即将到来，试图说服佛罗里达州的爸爸相信多年前移民到美国是个好主意。
That's in a minute on Public Radio International when our program continues.
稍后国际公共广播电台将继续我们的节目。
It's This American Life.
这就是美国生活。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Each week on our program, of course, we choose a theme, bring you a variety of stories on that theme.
当然，我们每周的节目都会选择一个主题，为您带来有关该主题的各种故事。
Today's program, Welcome to America.
今天的节目，欢迎来到美国。
So I'm on a plane coming home from oversees.
所以我正乘坐从海外回家的飞机。
And the plane lands and is taxiing to the gate.
飞机降落并滑行至登机口。
And the flight attendant gets on the PA and says all the usual things they say.
空乘人员打开广播，说了所有他们常说的话。
The weather, the local time, customs information.
天气、当地时间、海关信息。
And she ends by saying, we hope you enjoy your stay in the United States of America.
她最后说，我们希望您在美利坚合众国过得愉快。
We hope you enjoy your stay in the United States of America.
我们希望您在美国过得愉快。
The thought had never occurred to me before.
我以前从未有过这个想法。
And then I thought, yes, I do hope I enjoy my stay in the United States of America.
然后我想，是的，我确实希望我在美利坚合众国过得愉快。
My, you know, 50, 60, 70, whatever it is year stay.
我的，你知道，50岁、60岁、70岁，无论住哪一年。
Because you know, not everybody does.
因为你知道，不是每个人都知道。
Though that's usually the story we tell ourselves as Americans.
尽管这通常是我们作为美国人告诉自己的故事。
The story we tell ourselves about people coming to this country is that hopeful people coming here, escaping political oppression, escaping poverty.
我们告诉自己的关于来到这个国家的人们的故事是，满怀希望的人们来到这里，逃离政治压迫，摆脱贫困。
And it's hard at first for them to adjust, but then they do, because everybody has so much more here than they did back home where they came from.
一开始他们很难适应，但后来他们就适应了，因为每个人在这里拥有的比他们在家乡拥有的要多得多。
That is the story we usually tell ourselves about coming to America.
这就是我们通常告诉自己关于来到美国的故事。
I don't really think I like this place.
我真的不认为我喜欢这个地方。
Life is a little bit harder here.
这里的生活有点困难。
Very difficult than in Africa.
比非洲难多了。
It's very, very difficult.
这是非常非常困难的。
Ignatius is here for school.
伊格内修斯来这里上学。
Works in a parking garage.
在停车场工作。
When he's done his studies, he wants to move back home to Cameroon, where he won't have to work from eight in the morning to one at night.
完成学业后，他想搬回喀麦隆的家，在那里他不必从早上八点工作到晚上一点。
In Africa, only if you work in a hospital, they should be working after six or seven PM.
在非洲，只有你在医院工作，他们才应该在下午六七点之后工作。
After five, most offices, every place is closed.
五点之后，大多数办公室，每个地方都关门了。
In Africa, people are not fast-forward, fast lane, fast driving.
在非洲，人们不是快进、快车道、快行驶。
It's a little bit slow.
有点慢。
At times I used to think that time runs faster here.
有时候我总觉得这里的时间过得更快。
Some people take a long time to convince, to feel like they belong here.
有些人需要很长时间才能说服他们，感觉自己属于这里。
Alex came over when he was eight from a small town in Sicily back in 1958.
1958 年，八岁的亚历克斯从西西里岛的一个小镇来到这里。
I mean, we would do the pledge allegiance, you understand?
我的意思是，我们会宣誓效忠，你明白吗？
And a lot of kids, I noticed, would assimilate.
我注意到，很多孩子都会被同化。
Like my brother, for instance, assimilated really fast.
例如，像我的兄弟一样，同化得非常快。
And that's the thing about the 40 years that it has taken me to really call myself an American now.
这就是我花了 40 年才真正称自己为美国人的原因。
What's amazing about his history is just how American anybody would think he was.
他的历史的惊人之处在于任何人都会认为他是多么美国人。
He spoke English, worked among non-Sicilians, married a non-Sicilian, lived like this for decades.
他说英语，在非西西里人中间工作，与非西西里人结婚，这样生活了几十年。
And still, he did not believe that he belonged here.
但他仍然不相信自己属于这里。
There was always the hope of going back, and there was always the feeling that I am Sicilian.
总有回去的希望，总有一种我是西西里人的感觉。
Do you think there's anything that could've changed that would make you feel more American?
你认为有什么可以改变的事情会让你感觉更像美国人吗？
I mean, you had a job, you'd learnt the language, you'd married somebody.
我的意思是，你有一份工作，你学会了语言，你已经嫁给了某人。
Your children were Americans, born American citizens.
你的孩子是美国人，生来就是美国公民。
Yeah.
是的。
By this time, for instance, my father, my mother had become citizens.
例如，此时我的父亲、母亲已经成为公民。
I refused to become a citizen.
我拒绝成为公民。
How come?
怎么会？
Alex Because I didn't feel this was my country.
亚历克斯因为我不觉得这是我的国家。
And was there something about America that felt too different from the way you felt about yourself?
美国是否有什么地方与你对自己的感觉有很大不同？
Yeah.
是的。
There was a lot of things I couldn't understand.
有很多事情我无法理解。
Like at that point, what would those things have been?
就像那时一样，那些东西会是什么？
You know, I didn't feel connected to the ground I walked on.
你知道，我感觉与我行走的地面没有联系。
I didn't feel like I was sitting on the chair I was sitting on.
我不觉得自己坐在我坐的椅子上。
When I was eating, I felt that I wasn't eating food.
当我吃饭的时候，我感觉我没有在吃东西。
What changed his feeling about America?
是什么改变了他对美国的感觉？
When his mother was buried here, in American soil.
当他的母亲被埋葬在这里，在美国的土地上时。
When he found a church and the community here.
当他在这里发现一座教堂和社区时。
When he spent time alone in the wilderness in southern Utah.
当他独自在犹他州南部的荒野度过时光时。
He became a citizen in 1998, after 40 years.
40年后，他于1998年成为公民。
Some people never make the transition.
有些人永远无法实现转变。
And that is the subject of our next act in our program today.
这就是我们今天节目下一幕的主题。
Act Two.
第二幕。
Are Movies Stronger than Communism?
电影比共产主义更强大吗？
This is the story of a father and son, told by the son, Juan Zaldivar, who was born in Cuba.
这是一对父子的故事，由出生于古巴的儿子胡安·扎尔迪瓦尔讲述。
We never thought about leaving Cuba.
我们从未想过离开古巴。
At least, as a 13 year old, I never thought that I was going to leave Cuba.
至少，作为一个 13 岁的孩子，我从来没有想过我会离开古巴。
I knew that my uncles had left in the '60s.
我知道我的叔叔们在 60 年代就离开了。
And I grew up in the system.
而我是在体制中长大的。
I never thought that I was going to leave.
我从没想过我会离开。
My picture of the United States was, you know, this is a place full of monopolies and prostitution and drugs, and you couldn't go out in the street at night, because you'd get mugged.
我对美国的印象是，你知道，这是一个充满垄断、卖淫和毒品的地方，你晚上不能出去街上，因为你会被抢劫。
Everything a good young communist is supposed to believe.
一个优秀的年轻共产主义者应该相信的一切。
Yeah.
是的。
I basically believed everything that I was told.
我基本上相信我被告知的一切。
When the Mariel boatlift happened in 1980, there were a few people went into the Peruvian embassy and asked for asylum.
1980年马里尔升船事件发生时，有一些人进入秘鲁大使馆寻求庇护。
There was a big civil unrest was created by the fact that within a week, there were about 500 people crammed in the Peruvian embassy, asking for political asylum.
一周之内，大约500人挤在秘鲁大使馆寻求政治庇护，引发了一场大规模的内乱。
And Fidel had a speech on national television, and claimed that anybody that wanted to leave, could, because anybody wanted to leave wasn't really wanted for the revolution, and was a parasite of the revolution.
菲德尔在国家电视台发表讲话，声称任何想要离开的人都可以，因为任何想要离开的人都不是革命真正想要的，而是革命的寄生虫。
So he created demonstrations nationwide.
于是他在全国范围内发起了示威活动。
I was actually out at those demonstrations, screaming against people that were leaving.
事实上，我参加了那些示威活动，对那些离开的人尖叫。
And then within a week, my whole world turned around.
然后一周之内，我的整个世界都发生了转变。
Because one of my uncles who was in Miami came on a boat To pick us up.
因为我在迈阿密的一位叔叔乘船来接我们。
You mean the family in Miami came back to retrieve you?
你是说迈阿密的家人回来接你了？
Yeah.
是的。
Cubans who had left Cuba in the '60s who lived in Miami decided to go and get their families, because all of a sudden it was possible for them to leave the country.
六十年代离开古巴、住在迈阿密的古巴人决定去接他们的家人，因为突然间他们有可能离开这个国家了。
And so at some point about five years ago, you decide to make a movie about your family without any funding, and just shooting on your own to see what would happen.
因此，大约五年前的某个时候，您决定在没有任何资金的情况下制作一部关于您家庭的电影，并且只是自己拍摄，看看会发生什么。
Yeah.
是的。
I started by basically just asking the whole family to tell me how they remember the whole experience.
我一开始基本上只是要求全家人告诉我他们如何记得整个经历。
My other objective when I first started shooting was to try to find out, you know, what had gone in the mind of my dad, and whether he felt OK with the decision that we had made about coming over.
当我第一次开始拍摄时，我的另一个目标是试图弄清楚，你知道，我父亲的想法是什么，以及他是否对我们做出的过来的决定感到满意。
Because I felt that once we got here, even though our family was brought together in a sense, he also retracted from us.
因为我觉得，我们到了这里，虽然我们一家人在某种意义上是团结在一起的，但他也远离了我们。
And I felt that he seemed more depressed and dejected, and he had a job that wasn't so great.
而且我觉得他看起来更加沮丧、沮丧，而且他的工作也不是那么好。
And he was always afraid to lose it.
而他总是害怕失去它。
He works a lot of hours.
他工作很多小时。
He doesn't get paid very well.
他的报酬并不高。
And so he wasn't like that when I was growing up.
所以当我长大的时候他不是那样的。
He was building a house in Cuba.
他正在古巴建造一座房子。
He had friends that supported-- they found ways to get food and clothing.
他有朋友支持他——他们找到了获得食物和衣服的方法。
And he was a much more outgoing than he was once we got to Miami.
他比我们到达迈阿密时更加外向。
So I wanted to find out what had happened.
所以我想知道到底发生了什么事。
And so I decided this summer to go back to Cuba and ask several questions.
所以我决定今年夏天回到古巴并问几个问题。
And one of them was, did we make the right decision?
其中之一是，我们做出了正确的决定吗？
I wanted to see what my family that was left behind was like, and what their life was like.
我想看看我留下的家人是什么样的，他们的生活是什么样的。
And I was hoping that in going back, I would find something that would make him feel better about the decision that we made.
我希望在回去的时候，我能找到一些能让他对我们所做的决定感觉更好的东西。
So I took the trip.
所以我参加了这次旅行。
I went back in August of last year.
我是去年8月回国的。
And last summer was the first time I had been back in 18 years.
去年夏天是我十八年来第一次回来。
And it was a very intense trip.
这是一次非常紧张的旅行。
Day-to-day life there is very, very hard.
那里的日常生活非常非常艰苦。
And it became very clear to me he had indeed made the right decision.
我很清楚他确实做出了正确的决定。
That our lives and the opportunities that we have had here, we would have never had there.
我们在这里拥有的生活和机会，是在那里永远不会有的。
Why?
为什么？
What did you see?
你看到了什么？
What kind of situation were your family members in?
您的家人当时处于什么情况？
I talked to a lot of young people when I was there, and I saw that a lot of them had a lot of ambitions that they felt were never going to happen.
我在那里和很多年轻人交谈过，我发现他们中的很多人都有很多他们认为永远不会实现的抱负。
They wanted either to study things that they were not allowed to study, because everything's rationed, so there's only a certain number of positions for lawyers every year, per town.
他们要么想研究他们不被允许研究的东西，因为一切都是配给的，所以每个城镇每年只有一定数量的律师职位。
A lot of them felt also, even if they could study what they want, they could never really get the things that young people have in, say, America or other parts of the world.
他们中的很多人还觉得，即使他们可以学习自己想要的东西，他们也永远无法真正获得美国或世界其他地方年轻人所拥有的东西。
And then what about your family members?
那么你的家人呢？
Did they speak directly to your dad?
他们直接和你爸爸谈过吗？
You know, through the video camera?
你知道吗，通过摄像机？
Yeah.
是的。
I collected a series of video letters when I was in Cuba.
我在古巴时收集了一系列视频信件。
And I took some from family members.
我从家人那里拿了一些。
And then I also went and sought out friends of my father that I knew were very close to him before he left.
然后我还去寻找我父亲在他离开之前我认识的朋友。
And they wanted to see him again.
他们想再次见到他。
They said not to be afraid to go back.
他们说不要害怕回去。
That nothing was going to happen, that people go back all the time.
什么事都不会发生，人们总是回去。
And they said to him that if he were to come to Cuba without a shirt on his back, he would leave fully clothed and fully fed, and that they would make sure that would happen.
他们对他说，如果他不穿衬衫来到古巴，他会衣冠楚楚地离开，他们会确保这种情况发生。
And he was very emotional when I showed him the footage.
当我给他看这段视频时，他非常激动。
And what did they tell them about whether or not he should have left?
关于他是否应该离开，他们告诉了他们什么？
Did they tell him that he should have stayed?
他们有没有告诉他他应该留下来？
No. They told him that he shouldn't feel bad for the fact that he left.
不。他们告诉他，他不应该因为自己离开而感到难过。
That they understand that it was probably the hardest decision he's ever made.
他们明白这可能是他做过的最艰难的决定。
They said, look, your family has done well.
他们说，你看，你一家人做得很好。
You should not feel bad about it.
你不应该为此感到难过。
Here's your son, coming back to find his roots and make a connection with the people that he left behind.
这是你的儿子，他回来寻找他的根源，并与他留下的人建立联系。
And they reassured him all of the things that I had been saying to him.
他们向他保证了我对他说的所有事情。
And when you showed him the footage, what was his reaction?
当你给他看录像时，他的反应是什么？
Was he reassured?
他放心了吗？
No. He still set that that's something that he's always going to feel, no matter what I can say to him.
不。他仍然认为，无论我对他说什么，他都会有这种感觉。
Do you think he regrets coming here and bringing you all here?
你觉得他后悔来到这里，后悔把你们都带到这里来吗？
You know, I think because he was achieving things for himself right before he left, and he hasn't really been able to do that as much once he's been in the United States, part of him has to feel that his life was moving in a better direction when he was there.
你知道，我认为因为他在离开之前就为自己取得了成就，而他在美国之后并没有真正能够做到那么多，所以他的一部分必须感觉到当他在那里时他的生活正在朝着更好的方向发展。
I guess I don't know.
我想我不知道。
He hasn't said that he regrets having come to the United States.
他没有说过他后悔来到美国。
But he is disappointed in how things have gone since he's been here.
但自从他来到这里以来，事情的发展让他感到失望。
I think so.
我想是的。
I think he expected things to go better.
我认为他期望事情会变得更好。
I think he expected to achieve the American dream that everybody talks about.
我认为他期望实现每个人都在谈论的美国梦。
And he just doesn't like the way this culture works.
他只是不喜欢这种文化的运作方式。
He doesn't like that people have to have two jobs, and he doesn't like the fact that you don't get to see your relatives every day, and that people don't live close enough that you can go walk to somebody's house and borrow a cup of coffee.
他不喜欢人们必须有两份工作，他不喜欢你不能每天见到你的亲戚，而且人们住得不够近，你可以步行到别人家借一杯咖啡。
So he feels very alienated.
所以他感觉很疏远。
He feels he has to drive everywhere.
他觉得他必须开车去任何地方。
Everybody works different hours, so he can't really see his brothers as often as he would like.
每个人的工作时间都不同，所以他不能像他希望的那样经常见到他的兄弟们。
He never sees his nieces and nephews.
他从来没有见过他的侄女和侄子。
It's interesting.
这很有趣。
He's disappointed in America, but it's in such a different way than the Communist government of Cuba told him what America would be.
他对美国感到失望，但这与古巴共产党政府告诉他美国将会是什么样子的方式截然不同。
Like, if Fidel had been saying, you know, if you come to America, you'll be working two jobs, your family won't live down the block, might've had more of an effect.
就像，如果菲德尔一直说，你知道，如果你来到美国，你将做两份工作，你的家人不会住在街区，可能会产生更大的影响。
Yeah, perhaps.
是的，也许吧。
Don't give him any ideas.
不要给他任何想法。
You guys have been here for almost two decades.
你们在这里已经快二十年了。
Do you think at this point he feels American?
你认为此时他感觉自己是美国人吗？
You know, he just became a citizen.
你知道，他刚刚成为公民。
And I talked to him about it.
我和他谈过这件事。
I was in New York and I wasn't able to go down-- I wanted to be there when he was going in for his swearing.
我当时在纽约，没能下去——我想在他说脏话的时候在场。
And what made him decide to do it right now?
是什么让他决定现在就这么做？
Why now?
为什么是现在？
I think the main thing was this law that passed that said that if you weren't an American citizen and you retired, you would lose all your benefits after a while.
我认为主要的是通过的这项法律规定，如果你不是美国公民并且退休了，一段时间后你将失去所有福利。
Yeah.
是的。
I don't think he would have done it otherwise.
我不认为他会这么做。
I don't think he really has any interest.
我不认为他真的有任何兴趣。
He still feels like a Cuban who happens to be here.
他仍然感觉自己像一个碰巧在这里的古巴人。
Yeah.
是的。
Ira Glass Is he thinking about going back now?
Ira Glass 他现在考虑回去吗？
No. I asked them if he wanted to go back.
不，我问他们是否想回去。
I asked him right at the beginning, when I started shooting four years ago, if he wanted to go back to Cuba.
四年前，当我开始拍摄时，我就问他是否想回到古巴。
And he said no. And I asked him in August, after I came back from Cuba, whether or not he still felt the same way, and he said that he still wouldn't go back.
他说不。八月份我从古巴回来后我问他是否还有同样的感觉，他说他仍然不会回去。
There's nothing for him there anymore.
那里已经没有他的东西了。
You must have been been surprised, when he saw the video that you had shot, you must've been surprised that it didn't kind of turn him around.
你一定很惊讶，当他看到你拍摄的视频时，你一定很惊讶这并没有让他回心转意。
I really was.
我确实是。
I, now, was a little disappointed.
我现在有点失望。
I, however, haven't shown him an edited thing.
然而，我还没有向他展示经过编辑的东西。
This is the dream of any artist, however, if I could just say.
然而，如果我可以说，这是任何艺术家的梦想。
Yeah.
是的。
Well, because we've got all these very disembodied conversations, you know?
好吧，因为我们进行了所有这些非常脱离现实的对话，你知道吗？
Which I think is how he sees it.
我想他也是这么看的。
I've been thinking about this and working, it's a whole process for me.
我一直在思考这个问题并在工作，这对我来说是一个完整的过程。
So I have all these ideas that I've been mulling and I'm able to talk to you about them because I've been thinking about them for four years.
所以我有所有这些我一直在考虑的想法，我能够和你们谈论它们，因为我已经思考它们四年了。
I think with him, it's more like separate conversations that he's had with me.
我认为和他在一起更像是他和我的单独对话。
And he hasn't really been able to sit down and evaluate the whole experience.
他还没有真正坐下来评估整个经历。
Has your dad talk to you, has he noticed the level of energy that you're putting into healing this thing for him?
你爸爸有没有和你谈过，他有没有注意到你为他治愈这件事所投入的精力？
Is your dad touched by what it is that you're trying to do?
你的父亲对你所做的事感到感动吗？
Does he understand--?
他明白吗——？
I don't think he understands fully.
我认为他没有完全理解。
No matter how many times I say it, I don't think he sees it as something that I'm doing for him.
无论我说多少次，我都不认为他认为这是我为他做的事情。
I think actually that before the trip, all this time, he thought that I was doing it because somehow I questioned whether my decision to come was right or not.
我认为实际上在旅行之前，一直以来，他认为我这样做是因为不知何故我质疑我来的决定是否正确。
And I think that his brothers thought that too, because my uncle even mentioned it at one point.
我想他的兄弟们也是这么想的，因为我叔叔甚至曾经提到过这一点。
I don't know that he necessarily knows that this movie, it's about me trying to make them feel better about the decision.
我不知道他一定知道这部电影是关于我试图让他们对这个决定感觉更好的。
It's just striking.
这真是太引人注目了。
I feel like what you're doing is that you're using the tools of rationality to achieve something which maybe can't be achieved, because it's just a feeling.
我觉得你所做的就是用理性的工具来实现一些可能无法实现的事情，因为这只是一种感觉。
Do you know what I mean?
你知道我的意思吗？
On his part.
就他而言。
That feeling that he has isn't going to change through argumentation.
他的这种感觉不会通过争论而改变。
And now I feel like you've enlisted the full power of like, motion picture narrative, do you know what I mean?
现在我觉得你已经发挥了电影叙事的全部力量，你明白我的意思吗？
I imagine, like, OK, so you've gone down, and you have this whole story going, and you've shot these people, and you have these images.
我想，好吧，你已经倒下了，整个故事都在继续，你拍摄了这些人，你就得到了这些图像。
And at some point, they'll be music underneath the whole thing.
在某些时候，它们将成为整个事情背后的音乐。
You'll have all of these things.
你将拥有所有这些东西。
And the notion of, will it change this man's point of view about himself?
这个想法会改变这个人对自己的看法吗？
It's just, I wonder if it can.
只是，我想知道是否可以。
If all the power can.
如果所有的力量都可以的话。
You know, you think about, like, what is the power of a movie?
你知道，你会想，电影的力量是什么？
And does it include the power to change a person's feeling about himself?
它是否包括改变一个人对自己的感觉的力量？
You know, sometimes, if somebody were to paint a picture of you, you may or may not think that it looks like you.
你知道，有时候，如果有人给你画一张照片，你可能会也可能不会认为它看起来像你。
But I think that if you stared at it for hours, you start seeing the way somebody else sees you.
但我认为，如果你盯着它看几个小时，你就会开始以别人看待你的方式看待你。
And there's no way you cannot learn something from that.
你不可能不能从中学到一些东西。
Whether you think that it looks like you or not.
无论你认为它看起来像或不像你。
Him and I might never see eye-to-eye.
他和我可能永远不会意见一致。
He may never see my argument.
他可能永远不会看到我的论点。
He might never feel better about being here.
他可能永远不会因为在这里而感觉更好。
But there's got to be something-- he must be able to learn something, from just seeing my perception of the whole thing.
但一定有一些东西——他必须能够从我对整个事情的看法中学到一些东西。
And I think it will give him more insight into how I perceive him as a human being, and get to know each other as two men, and not necessarily as a father and son.
我认为这会让他更深入地了解我如何看待他作为一个人，并作为两个男人而不一定是作为父子来了解彼此。
So even if it doesn't give him his own life, in a certain way, it gives him you.
因此，即使它没有给他自己的生命，但在某种程度上，它给了他你。
Yeah.
是的。
Ira Glass Juan Zaldivar's movie about his father in Cuba is called 90 Miles.
艾拉·格拉斯 (Ira Glass) 胡安·扎尔迪瓦尔 (Juan Zaldivar) 拍摄了一部关于他父亲在古巴的电影《90 英里》。
90 miles is the distance between the two countries, the US and Cuba.
90英里是美国和古巴两国之间的距离。
In the time since we first broadcast this weeks' radio show, he has finished his film.
自从我们第一次播放本周的广播节目以来，他已经完成了他的电影。
You can get more information about it at www.90miles.com.
您可以访问 www.90miles.com 获取更多信息。
Well, our program was produced today by Julie Snyder and myself with Alix Spiegel and Nancy Updike.
嗯，我们今天的节目是由朱莉·斯奈德和我、阿利克斯·斯皮格尔和南希·厄普代克制作的。
Contributing editors Paul Tough, Jack Hitt, Margy Rochlin and consigliere Sarah Vowell.
特约编辑 Paul Tough、Jack Hitt、Margy Rochlin 和顾问 Sarah Vowell。
Production help from Jorge Just, Todd Bachmann, and Sylvia Lemus.
Jorge Just、Todd Bachmann 和 Sylvia Lemus 为制作提供帮助。
Engineering help from Mr. [UNINTELLIGIBLE] Williams.
[无法理解] Williams 先生提供工程帮助。
Elizabeth Meister runs our website.
伊丽莎白·梅斯特 (Elizabeth Meister) 负责运营我们的网站。
[ACKNOWLEDGMENTS] To buy a cassette of this or any of our programs, call us here at WBEZ in Chicago.
[鸣谢] 要购买本节目或我们任何节目的磁带，请致电我们位于芝加哥的 WBEZ。
312-832-3380.
312-832-3380。
Again, 312-832-3380.
再次拨打 312-832-3380。
Or visit our website.
或者访问我们的网站。
You can get cassettes there.
你可以在那里得到磁带。
Or even better, you can hear our programs for free right there.
或者更好的是，您可以在那里免费收听我们的节目。
www.thisamericanlife.org.
www.thisamericanlife.org。
That easy-to-remember name.
那个好记的名字。
www.thisamericanlife.org.
www.thisamericanlife.org。
This American Life is distributed by Public Radio International.
《美国生活》由国际公共广播电台发行。
This American Life comes to you proudly from the city of Chicago, Richard M.
理查德·M·理查德 (Richard M.) 自豪地从芝加哥市为您呈现《美国生活》。
Daley, mayor.
戴利，市长。
Funding for our program is provided by the listeners of WBEZ Chicago.
我们的节目资金由 WBEZ 芝加哥听众提供。
WBEZ management oversight by Torey Malatia, who says this about anybody who dared to turn away to another radio station during our program.
WBEZ 的管理监督由托里·马拉蒂亚 (Torey Malatia) 负责，他对任何敢于在我们的节目中转向其他广播电台的人都这么说。
Anybody who wanted to leave wasn't really wanted for the revolution, and was a parasite of the revolution.
任何想离开的人都不是革命真正需要的，而是革命的寄生虫。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
I hope you enjoy your stay in the United States of America.
我希望您在美利坚合众国过得愉快。
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。