110: Mapping - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #110 | December 28, 2012 110: Mapping Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 110 集 | 2012 年 12 月 28 日 110：绘图 注：《This American Life》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.
如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue Ira Glass Every year, about a half dozen people spend from late spring through early autumn walking the streets of New York, making a map of every crack, every depression, every protrusion, every pothole on every sidewalk of all five boroughs of the city.
序言 Ira Glass 每年，大约有六人从春末到初秋走在纽约的街道上，绘制出纽约市五个行政区每个人行道上的每一条裂缝、每一个凹陷、每一个突出物、每一个坑洼的地图。
So in this section, we have cracks, we have depression, and we have a broken curb.
所以在这个部分，我们有裂缝，我们有凹陷，我们有破碎的路缘石。
Ralph Gentles is looking at a crater the size of a manhole cover.
拉尔夫·詹特尔斯正在观察一个井盖大小的陨石坑。
He draws on a map he's carrying with a red felt pen.
他用红色毡笔在随身携带的地图上画画。
So that triangle would cover the fact that you have a depression there.
所以这个三角形会掩盖那里有凹陷的事实。
So what you do is two triangles with a line in between them, another line, and then two x's with a line in between them?
那么你要做的是两个三角形，它们之间有一条线，另一条线，然后是两个x，它们之间有一条线？
Yes, to indicate that the curb is also defective.
是的，表明路缘也有缺陷。
Under New York law, if you trip on the sidewalk and hurt yourself, you cannot sue the city unless somebody had informed the city beforehand that there was a problem with the sidewalk.
根据纽约法律，如果您在人行道上绊倒并受伤，您不能起诉该市政府，除非有人事先通知市政府人行道存在问题。
If no one told authorities to fix it, there was no negligence.
如果没有人告诉当局修复它，就没有疏忽。
And so years ago, a group of attorneys simply decided to hire a map company to go out each year and chart every foot of sidewalk in New York.
几年前，一群律师干脆决定聘请一家地图公司每年出去绘制纽约人行道的每一英尺的图表。
They turn in the maps to the city, which makes it possible for injured New Yorkers to do what nature apparently intended for them to do, which is take their city to court.
他们将地图交给城市，这使得受伤的纽约人有可能做自然显然想让他们做的事情，即将他们的城市告上法庭。
On this street, I would also look at the crosswalk.
在这条街上，我也会看人行横道。
It's uneven, so we usually use some rectangles to suggest that.
它是不均匀的，所以我们通常使用一些矩形来表示。
It's an unusual job.
这是一份不寻常的工作。
Ralph says that wherever he goes now, he notices the sidewalk.
拉尔夫说，现在无论他走到哪里，他都会注意到人行道。
We stand at the corner of 44th and Lexington.
我们站在 44 街和列克星敦街的拐角处。
The window of a health food store there has a big sign that says "Juices in Sickness." It tells you what kind of juice you should drink for a long list of diseases-- diarrhea, hypertension, impotence, hair loss.
那里一家保健食品店的橱窗上挂着一个大牌子，上面写着“疾病果汁”。它告诉你应该喝哪种果汁来治疗一长串疾病——腹泻、高血压、阳痿、脱发。
Ralph, meanwhile, is looking at a hole in the ground where some water has collected.
与此同时，拉尔夫正在观察地上的一个洞，那里积了一些水。
I'm just going to name some of the things that you're not putting on the map.
我只是要列出一些你没有放在地图上的东西。
There's a perfume and gift shop.
有一家香水和礼品店。
There's a natural foods place.
有一个天然食品店。
There's the passport photos place.
那里是拍护照照片的地方。
In front of the perfume shop, there's a guy sitting on an crate trying to fix a gold watch.
在香水店前面，有一个人坐在板条箱上试图修理一块金表。
Not very well.
不太好。
None of this goes on the map.
这些都没有出现在地图上。
And this gets to the very heart of what mapmaking is all about.
这触及了地图制作的核心内容。
Creating a map means ignoring everything in the world but one thing.
创建地图意味着忽略世界上的一切，只保留一件事。
That one thing could be the bus routes or the air traffic control patterns.
那一件事可能是公交车路线或空中交通管制模式。
It could be the homes of Hollywood stars, or it could be the cracks in the sidewalk.
它可能是好莱坞明星的家，也可能是人行道上的裂缝。
Maps have meaning because they filter out all the chaos in the world and focus obsessively on one item.
地图之所以有意义，是因为它们过滤掉了世界上所有的混乱，并专注于一件事情。
And this is the age of maps, though you might not normally think of it that way.
这是地图的时代，尽管您通常不会这么想。
Denis Wood is a cartographer in Raleigh, North Carolina.
丹尼斯·伍德 (Denis Wood) 是北卡罗来纳州罗利市的一名制图师。
Something like 99.99% of all maps that have ever been made have been made in this century.
有史以来绘制的所有地图中，99.99% 都是在本世纪绘制的。
This century now?
现在这个世纪？
Denis Wood This century that we're in right now.
丹尼斯·伍德：我们现在正处于这个世纪。
What are those maps?
那些地图是什么？
And what proportion of them, do you think, are the maps that most of us civilians usually use, which are just road maps to get us one place to another?
您认为其中有多少比例是我们大多数平民通常使用的地图，这些地图只是我们从一个地方到另一个地方的路线图？
But you see, I think you've missed all the maps right off the bat as soon as you go to the road map because you've forgotten about the maps you see every night on television, the maps that litter the newspapers.
但是你看，我认为你一看到路线图就错过了所有地图，因为你忘记了每天晚上在电视上看到的地图，那些散落在报纸上的地图。
The weather maps.
天气图。
Denis Wood The weather maps, the maps all over the magazines.
丹尼斯·伍德 天气图，杂志上到处都是地图。
Well, from WBEZ Chicago and Public Radio International, it's This American Life .
嗯，来自 WBEZ 芝加哥和国际公共广播电台，这是《美国生活》。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Today on our program, Mapping.
今天我们的节目是测绘。
Every map is the world seen through a different lens.
每张地图都是通过不同镜头看到的世界。
And today on our program, we bring you five different stories, five different ways of looking at the world, each story about somebody who is mapping the world using a different human sense.
今天在我们的节目中，我们为您带来五个不同的故事，五种不同的看待世界的方式，每个故事都讲述了一个人用不同的人类感官绘制世界的故事。
Act One, Sight.
第一幕，视觉。
Act Two, Hearing.
第二幕，听证会。
Act Three, Smell.
第三幕，闻。
In that act, we pay a visit to Cyrano Sciences, makers of an electronic nose.
在这一幕中，我们拜访了电子鼻制造商 Cyrano Sciences。
Act Four, Mapping the World Through Touch.
第四幕，通过触摸绘制世界地图。
And Act Five, Mapping the World Through Taste.
第五幕，通过品味绘制世界地图。
Stay with us.
留在我们身边。
You will not be disappointed.
你不会失望的。
Act One, Sight.
第一幕，视觉。
Ordinary people using a map.
普通人使用地图。
According to cartographer Denis Wood, that is a very recent development in human evolution.
根据制图师丹尼斯·伍德的说法，这是人类进化的最新发展。
Up until a few centuries ago, people went to war, built empires, sailed the seas, all without maps.
直到几个世纪前，人们在没有地图的情况下发动战争、建立帝国、航海。
We do have some ancient maps, a Babylonian map which seemed to be used by authorities for tax assessment, things like that.
我们确实有一些古代地图，一张巴比伦地图，似乎被当局用来评估税收，诸如此类。
But early maps are relatively few, and usually exist to accomplish some specific purpose.
但早期的地图相对较少，并且通常是为了实现某些特定目的而存在。
That has changed, of course.
当然，情况已经改变了。
Denis Wood brought into the studio a set of maps that he has been working on for years, maps of his own neighborhood in Raleigh, North Carolina, a neighborhood called Boylan Heights.
丹尼斯·伍德（Denis Wood）将一套他多年来一直在制作的地图带进了工作室，这些地图是他自己位于北卡罗来纳州罗利（Raleigh）的社区的地图，这个社区名为博伊兰高地（Boylan Heights）。
Denis Wood begins with a regular locater map showing how the streets of Boylan Heights fit within the streets of the surrounding city.
丹尼斯·伍德从一张常规定位地图开始，显示博伊兰高地的街道如何与周围城市的街道融为一体。
And then there's a map of part of what would be seen if you were to look through the surface of the Earth into the neighborhood that we don't usually experience but that the sewer men and the gas men and so forth and so on expose whenever they-- so it's a map of manholes, gas lines, water lines, and sewer lines.
然后还有一张地图，如果你透过地球表面观察我们通常不会遇到的社区，但下水道工和煤气工等等每当他们暴露时就会暴露出来——所以它是一张包含沙井、煤气管线、供水管线和下水道管线的地图。
I'm looking at a map now that's got all of the overhead lines mapped on it, and it is a crazy star field.
我现在正在看一张地图，上面标出了所有的架空线，这是一个疯狂的星空。
It's the power lines, the telephone lines, and the cable lines.
这是电源线、电话线和电缆线。
And there's a hierarchy, of course.
当然，还有一个层次结构。
They flow into the neighborhood from outside the neighborhood.
他们从小区外流入小区。
And as they move into individual homes, they break down.
当他们搬进单独的房子时，他们就崩溃了。
They shatter, so that the homes are all like the ends of little, teeny capillaries.
它们破碎了，所有的房屋都像毛细血管的末端一样。
Which makes the neighborhood sound like a living organism.
这让这个街区听起来就像一个活生生的有机体。
It is a living organism.
它是一个活的有机体。
It's absolutely what it is.
绝对就是这样。
Here's a map that shows the pools of light cast by each one of the street lamps at night.
这是一张地图，显示了每盏路灯在夜间投射的光池。
And it's black, and you have these pools of light.
它是黑色的，你有这些光池。
I've got a wonderful map that's every traffic sign in the neighborhood.
我有一张很棒的地图，上面有附近的每个交通标志。
And the traffic signs are each one of them drawn on the map.
而交通标志也是一一画在地图上的。
And the thing that's fascinating about this image is that the traffic signs are, of course, by and large for people who don't live in the neighborhood.
这张图片的迷人之处在于，交通标志基本上是为不住在附近的人设计的。
So their density reveals those streets where strangers are going to move through the environment.
因此，它们的密度揭示了陌生人将在环境中移动的街道。
And when you draw it on the map, do you represent each stop sign with a the little red stop sign and each yield sign with a little yellow triangle?
当你在地图上绘制它时，你是否用红色小停车标志代表每个停车标志，用黄色小三角形代表每个让行标志？
Absolutely.
绝对地。
Each one of these things has been drawn here.
这些东西中的每一件都被画在这里了。
I have a map of the pumpkins that were on the porches at Halloween.
我有一张万圣节门廊上的南瓜的地图。
What's that one tell you?
那个人告诉你什么？
Denis Wood Well, that's an extremely interesting map.
Denis Wood 嗯，这是一张非常有趣的地图。
And I like to relate it to the map that shows the number of times each residence was mentioned in the Boylan Heights newsletter over the past 25 years.
我喜欢将其与地图联系起来，该地图显示了过去 25 年博伊兰高地时事通讯中提及每个住宅的次数。
You've made a map of that?
你已经制作了一张地图吗？
Denis Wood Yeah.
丹尼斯·伍德 是的。
You take all the newsletters, and you just note every address that appears in it, whether it appears as the name of an individual in the neighborhood or as a specific address, and you just do frequencies attached to each one of the residences.
你拿着所有的时事通讯，你只需要记下其中出现的每个地址，无论它是作为附近个人的名字还是作为一个特定的地址，你只需要记录每个住宅的频率。
Wow.
哇。
Denis Wood And the thing that struck me about that map when I first did it was that some locations-- that is to say, some dwellings-- are frequently mentioned no matter who lives in them.
丹尼斯·伍德（Denis Wood） 当我第一次制作这张地图时，令我印象深刻的是，有些地点——也就是说，一些住宅——无论谁住在其中，都会经常被提及。
And I imagine that the people who are going to be movers and shakers in neighborhoods pick homes that are in important locations in the neighborhood or are architecturally significant or historically significant in the neighborhood.
我想那些将在社区中影响力的人会选择位于社区重要位置的房屋，或者在社区中具有重要建筑或历史意义的房屋。
Or they've just got more money, and then they buy the big place.
或者他们只是有了更多的钱，然后他们买了大地方。
Well, believe me, money is what's behind both the pumpkin map and that map.
好吧，相信我，金钱是南瓜地图和那张地图背后的原因。
Now, as you're telling me this story, I'm thinking, so where are the pumpkins?
现在，当你告诉我这个故事时，我在想，南瓜在哪里？
I'm trying to guess in my mind where the greatest proliferation of little orange pumpkins would be.
我试图在心里猜测小橙色南瓜最多的地方是哪里。
Oh, that's not how the map looks.
哦，地图看起来不是这样的。
What I did was photograph the pumpkins at the face.
我所做的就是在脸上拍摄南瓜。
And then I printed them black on black, so all you see are the eyes and the mouths of the pumpkins on the black background.
然后我把它们印在黑色上，所以你看到的只是黑色背景上南瓜的眼睛和嘴巴。
John Carpenter would love this image.
约翰·卡彭特会喜欢这张照片。
So the map of the pumpkins is just a map where there are just little eyes and pumpkin mouths floating by the houses which have them.
所以南瓜的地图只是一张地图，上面只有小眼睛和南瓜嘴漂浮在有它们的房子旁边。
But they're just floating on the black background, just as the traffic signs were floating.
但它们只是漂浮在黑色背景上，就像交通标志漂浮一样。
And the map of the traffic signs, there are just traffic signs.
还有交通标志的地图，只有交通标志。
There's no streets or anything.
没有街道什么的。
On the map of the streets, there are just streets.
在街道地图上，只有街道。
On the map of the trees, there are just trees.
在树木地图上，只有树木。
And what you do as you go through these maps is you begin to build up-- even though it's never said-- you begin to build up the kind of structural knowledge that you take away as the residents of that neighborhood.
当你浏览这些地图时，你所做的就是开始积累——尽管从未说过——你开始积累作为该社区居民所带走的结构性知识。
So the idea that we have to have the pumpkins drawn against the street only makes sense if you don't have any other images.
因此，只有在没有任何其他图像的情况下，我们必须将南瓜画在街道上的想法才有意义。
But as soon as you have other images, you say, oh my lord, look.
但一旦你有了其他图像，你就会说，天哪，看吧。
Look where these pumpkins are.
看看这些南瓜在哪里。
Why, they're exactly where-- and I'm going to answer your question-- they're exactly where people are mentioned all the time in the newsletter.
为什么，它们正是——我要回答你的问题——它们正是时事通讯中一直提到人们的地方。
And as you go away to the edges of the neighborhood, where the people aren't mentioned in the newsletter, by golly, they don't have pumpkins on their porches.
当你走到社区的边缘时，天哪，时事通讯中没有提到那里的人们，他们的门廊上没有南瓜。
And are the people who are mentioned in the newsletter, do they tend to be the people in the bigger homes?
时事通讯中提到的人是否往往是大房子里的人？
Oh, yeah.
哦，是的。
Ira Glass Is it true you've also done a map of the graffiti in the neighborhood?
Ira Glass：你真的还绘制了附近的涂鸦地图吗？
Oh yeah.
哦，是的。
The graffiti in the neighborhood, the things carved into the cement as it was setting in the neighborhood, patterns of leaf light on the neighborhood, that is to say the light coming through the leaves of the trees in the summertime.
邻里的涂鸦，邻里水泥上雕刻的东西，邻里树叶光的图案，也就是说夏天透过树叶的光。
What does that tell you?
这告诉你什么？
Denis Wood They are what it is to live in the neighborhood.
丹尼斯·伍德 他们就是住在附近的人。
The neighborhood is experienced as a collection of patterns of light and sound and smell and taste and communication with others.
社区被体验为光、声音、气味、味道以及与他人交流的模式的集合。
Denis, if most maps, historically, have tended to be maps organized around some thing which had to be done or some purpose that people needed a map for, it seems to me that the maps that you're describing of your own neighborhood are about something very different.
丹尼斯，如果历史上大多数地图都倾向于围绕必须完成的某些事情或人们需要地图的某些目的来组织地图，那么在我看来，您所描述的您自己社区的地图是关于非常不同的事情的。
Yeah, they are.
是的，他们是。
And they're very much involved with this sort of search that I have for a poetics of cartography.
他们非常参与我对地图学诗学的探索。
Well, it's interesting.
嗯，这很有趣。
It's taking the premise of the map, which is that it's a way to describe the world, and then pointing it at things that we usually don't think of as being mappable.
它以地图为前提，即它是描述世界的一种方式，然后将其指向我们通常认为无法绘制地图的事物。
Yeah, and I guess one of the contentions that I would make as a geographer-- also as a person-- is that there isn't anything that you can't map.
是的，我想作为一名地理学家——也作为一个人——我会提出的论点之一是，没有什么是你无法绘制地图的。
There isn't anything that doesn't have some kind of spatial dimension or spatial character.
没有任何东西不具有某种空间维度或空间特征。
And that spatial character is interesting.
这种空间特征很有趣。
I live in this dream of maps.
我生活在地图的梦想中。
And I keep looking for the map that's going to really realize the potential of this thing.
我一直在寻找能够真正实现这个东西潜力的地图。
But Denis, I understand this impulse of wanting to capture the whole world in a map, but do you have moments where you think that it actually is not within the power of a map to do that?
但是丹尼斯，我理解这种想要在地图中捕捉整个世界的冲动，但你是否有过这样的时刻，你认为地图实际上无法做到这一点？
Yeah, I know it's not.
是的，我知道不是。
[LAUGHS] I know it's not within the power of a map to do that.
[笑]我知道地图无法做到这一点。
Because in fact, a map, it seems like what a map is, in a certain sense, is the opposite.
因为其实地图，看起来和地图是什么，从某种意义上来说，是相反的。
A map gets its meaning by not giving you all the information about everything but by selecting, like, this map will be about this slice of the world, and this map will be about this.
地图的意义在于，它不会向您提供所有事物的所有信息，而是通过选择，例如，这张地图将涉及世界的这一部分，而这张地图将涉及这一地区。
Sure, and that's why I've produced an atlas in which I have, on one map page, just the faces of pumpkins, and another map page, all of the drawings of the street signs, because every map is selective.
当然，这就是为什么我制作了一本地图集，其中一张地图页上只有南瓜的面孔，另一张地图页上有所有街道标志的图画，因为每张地图都是选择性的。
But I guess what I'm pushing for here is selecting subjects for cartographic display that are other than those that are typically done.
但我想我在这里推动的是选择与通常完成的主题不同的制图显示主题。
It's almost like you're trying to write a novel--
这几乎就像你在尝试写一本小说——
I am.
我是。
Ira Glass --but with pure symbols.
艾拉·格拉斯——但带有纯粹的符号。
Yeah.
是的。
Why not?
为什么不呢？
Ira Glass Denis Wood is the author of the book The Power of Maps .
艾拉·格拉斯·丹尼斯·伍德 (Ira Glass Denis Wood) 是《地图的力量》一书的作者。
If you want to see his maps of Boylan Heights, they're not published anywhere, but he's allowed us to post a few of them on the This American Life website.
如果您想查看他的博伊兰高地地图，它们没有在任何地方发布，但他允许我们在“美国生活”网站上发布其中一些地图。
That address-- grab a pen-- www.thislife.org.
那个地址——拿起笔——www.thislife.org。
That's "thislife," one word, no space.
这就是“今生”，只有一个词，没有空格。
Act Two, Hearing.
第二幕，听证会。
Since every map is just a chart of one small slice of the world, most of the people in today's program tend to be people who decide to view the world through one small, specialized window.
由于每张地图都只是世界一小部分的图表，因此今天节目中的大多数人往往是决定通过一个小的、专业的窗口来观察世界的人。
At some point, Toby Lester started to map the sounds in his world, the everyday sounds that surround us all the time, that most of us do not even bother to notice, much less analyze.
在某个时刻，托比·莱斯特开始绘制他世界中的声音，这些声音每天都围绕着我们，我们大多数人甚至懒得去注意，更不用说分析了。
Our contributing editor Jack Hitt visited him outside of Boston.
我们的特约编辑杰克·希特在波士顿郊外拜访了他。
And Jack put together this story.
杰克整理了这个故事。
What's on right now?
现在有什么活动？
I don't mean the radio.
我指的不是收音机。
I mean, is your air conditioning on?
我的意思是，你的空调开了吗？
Is your car engine idling?
您的汽车发动机空转吗？
Is your refrigerator running?
你的冰箱在运行吗？
Just take a moment and listen.
花点时间听听。
Listen to the droning around you.
听听你周围的嗡嗡声。
Map the landscape of your background noise.
绘制背景噪音的图。
See if you can hear what Toby Lester heard one day a few years ago.
看看你是否能听到托比·莱斯特几年前的某一天听到的声音。
I'll wait.
我会等待。
I arrived in a new job at a new office.
我在新办公室找到了一份新工作。
And in those sorts of situations, you're always kind of hyper-aware of everything.
在这种情况下，你总是对一切都高度敏感。
And it was quite a cold week, and the heater was just humming along very loudly to the point of distraction.
这是一个相当寒冷的一周，加热器的嗡嗡声非常大，以至于让人分心。
And I started paying attention to it.
我开始关注它。
And it was a very musical hum, and I found myself humming in the key that the heater was playing, essentially.
这是一种非常有音乐感的嗡嗡声，我发现自己基本上是在用加热器演奏的音调哼唱。
Once he heard his heater, then Toby was in the unenviable position of not being able to not hear his heater.
一旦他听到了加热器的声音，托比就陷入了无法听到加热器声音的尴尬境地。
You too will have this problem shortly.
很快你也会遇到这个问题。
But Tobey, who's an editor at the Atlantic Monthly, is a musical guy who hums at work.
但托比是《大西洋月刊》的编辑，他是一位在工作中哼唱的音乐人。
So he began to play with it, literally harmonizing with the heater, creating interesting intervals and chords, a kind of barely audible musical score to his life in the office.
于是他开始摆弄它，与加热器真正协调一致，创造出有趣的音程和和弦，就像他办公室生活中几乎听不见的乐谱一样。
And then I started to work myself back and realized that I had probably been singing in the key of my office as long as I had inhabited an office.
然后我开始重新调整自己，意识到自从我住在办公室以来，我可能就一直在用办公室的调子唱歌。
Was it a good one for you?
这对你来说是一件好事吗？
Your high notes weren't too high?
你的高音不太高？
No, it suited me pretty well, actually.
不，实际上它非常适合我。
I was able to appropriately reproduce whatever mood I happened to be in.
我能够恰当地再现我当时的心情。
But that's when I started wondering whether it actually wasn't working the other way around.
但从那时起我开始怀疑它是否真的不能起到相反的作用。
Rather than my knowing this note was there and playing a minor third or a major third, whether, in fact, there was something else playing a note on top of the heater that would, in effect, create my mood for me.
我不知道这个音符在那里并演奏小三度或大三度，事实上，是否有其他东西在加热器顶部演奏一个音符，实际上会为我创造我的情绪。
I found myself sitting in this little office listening to the heater and staring at my computer and suddenly realizing that yes, in fact, the computer was humming as well.
我发现自己坐在这个小办公室里，听着加热器的声音，盯着我的电脑，突然意识到，是的，事实上，电脑也在嗡嗡作响。
Not nearly as strongly, but it was indeed humming.
虽然没有那么强烈，但确实在嗡嗡作响。
And that brought me to bring a little pitch pipe into the office and figure out what the two notes were.
这让我带了一根小音管到办公室，弄清楚这两个音符是什么。
And at the same time, for some reason, I'd been thinking about why is that we seem almost universally to assume that a minor chord is sad and a major chord is happy.
同时，出于某种原因，我一直在思考为什么我们似乎几乎普遍认为小和弦是悲伤的，而大和弦是快乐的。
If a minor third just is somehow inherently sad, then if I were sitting in an office having a minor third played at me all day long, then it's indeed possible that I could be made sad by just sitting in my office, which, of course, everybody is.
如果小三度本质上是悲伤的，那么如果我坐在办公室里，整天让小三度在我面前演奏，那么我确实有可能因为坐在办公室里而感到悲伤，当然，每个人都是如此。
You're saying that the heating system in your office and the computer hum of your machine created a certain interval.
您是说办公室的供暖系统和机器的计算机嗡嗡声产生了一定的间隔。
Right.
正确的。
Jack Hitt Right.
杰克·希特 对。
So can you show us on the keyboard what was the basis of that interval?
那么您能在键盘上向我们展示该间隔的基础是什么吗？
So the first note, this one-- [PLAYS KEYBOARD] --that was like the heating system.
所以第一个音符，这个——[演奏键盘]——就像加热系统。
And then your computer was doing this.
然后你的电脑就开始这样做了。
[PLAYS KEYBOARD]
[弹奏键盘]
Yep.
是的。
Jack Hitt So together, what you're saying is that the interval it created was this.
Jack Hitt：所以综合起来，你所说的是它创建的间隔是这样的。
[PLAYS KEYBOARD]
[弹奏键盘]
Right.
对。
And that happens to be a major third, which happens to be what's traditionally interpreted as happy.
这恰好是大三分之一，这恰好是传统上解释为快乐的东西。
Well, except for the fact that I was spending a good deal of time on the phone.
好吧，除了我花了很多时间打电话这一事实。
And the dial tone played a note above that, which was then constructing a three-note chord.
拨号音在其上方播放一个音符，然后构建一个三音符和弦。
[PLAYS KEYBOARD] That was the heater, that was the computer, and then that nasty little one was the telephone.
[弹奏键盘] 那是加热器，那是电脑，然后那个讨厌的小家伙就是电话。
So all together, they were-- [PLAYS KEYBOARD] Ooh.
所以他们在一起——[弹奏键盘]哦。
When played against the tonic-- or foundation note-- of his heater, the telephone created an interval known as an augmented fourth.
当与他的加热器的主音（或基础音符）一起演奏时，电话会产生一个称为增四度的音程。
Toby began to do some research and discovered that the Catholic Church had assigned different meanings to numerous musical intervals back in the Middle Ages.
托比开始做一些研究，发现天主教会在中世纪为许多音乐音程赋予了不同的含义。
And the augmented fourth was the most reviled sound of its time-- feared as the "diabolus in musica," the devil in the music.
增四度是当时最受谩骂的声音——被视为“音乐中的恶魔”，即音乐中的魔鬼。
Toby and I were sitting in his kitchen when I was talking to him.
当我和托比说话时，我和他正坐在他的厨房里。
And suddenly I was afflicted with the same keenness of hearing that Toby had been.
突然间，我的听力变得和托比一样敏锐。
I heard something, and felt compelled to identify it.
我听到了一些声音，并感到有必要去辨认它。
What is that, now that we're sitting here?
那是什么，现在我们坐在这里？
That is the tonic of the kitchen, the refrigerator humming.
那是厨房的滋补品，冰箱的嗡嗡声。
Let's see if we can get that.
让我们看看我们是否能做到这一点。
Where's the motor?
电机在哪里？
Oh yeah, here.
哦，是的，在这里。
Down here.
下面这里。
[PLAYS KEYBOARD]
[弹奏键盘]
That's the note.
这就是注释。
Jack Hitt So what note is that?
杰克·希特 那么那是什么音符呢？
B-flat.
降B调。
Jack Hitt So that's the tonic of your kitchen?
杰克·希特：这就是你厨房里的滋补品吗？
Essentially.
本质上。
Jack Hitt Not long ago, Toby had come across a critic named Deryck Cooke, who had written a book updating the church's musical classifications.
杰克·希特 不久前，托比遇到了一位名叫德里克·库克的评论家，他写了一本更新教会音乐分类的书。
Rather than finding the devil in the music, Cooke assigned quite modern interpretations to each sound.
库克没有找到音乐中的魔鬼，而是为每种声音赋予了相当现代的诠释。
One interval, for example, seemed to inspire, quote, "a spirit of anguish." Another sound was "violent longing in a context of finality." Apparently, any combination of notes conjured its own specific mood and sensation.
例如，其中一个间隔似乎激发了“一种痛苦的精神”。另一种声音是“结局中的强烈渴望”。显然，任何音符的组合都会产生其特定的情绪和感觉。
For example, let's just do one.
例如，我们只做一个。
This refrigerator's in B-flat.
这台冰箱位于 B 级。
So when you come in in the morning and you put a bagel in your microwave over here, what note are we adding to the tonic here?
那么，当您早上进来并将百吉饼放入微波炉中时，我们要在滋补品中添加什么注释？
Let's listen to the microwave.
我们来听听微波炉的声音。
Even the beeping--
就连嘟嘟声——
Right.
对。
So it's a B-flat to a C just to turn on the microwave.
所以只要打开微波炉就可以从降 B 调到降 C 调。
Well, and let's look at that.
好吧，让我们看看这个。
Let's examine that.
让我们来看看。
A B-flat to a C is a major second.
降 B 到 C 是大二度。
And Mr. Cooke refers to it as "pleasurably longing and has a context of finality."
库克先生将其称为“令人愉快的渴望，并且具有最终的背景”。
So play that on the keyboard here.
所以在这里用键盘弹奏。
Let's hear it.
我们来听听吧。
[PLAYS KEYBOARD] Jack Hitt OK, yeah, finality.
[演奏键盘] Jack Hitt 好吧，是的，最终决定。
There's a sort of closure to that.
这是一种结束。
And so then the bagel is ready.
这样百吉饼就准备好了。
So let's run that microwave.
那么让我们运行微波炉吧。
[STARTS MICROWAVE] And that hum is an F-sharp, very identifiably.
[启动微波炉]那嗡嗡声是升F调，非常容易辨认。
So the B-flat and F-sharp.
所以降B调和升F调。
[PLAYS KEYBOARD] Not a great way to start the day, really.
[弹奏键盘]这确实不是开始新的一天的好方法。
And let's see, what would that be?
让我们看看，那会是什么？
"Active anguish in the context of flux," according to Mr. Cook.
库克先生表示，“在不断变化的背景下，人们会感到积极的痛苦”。
[LAUGHTER] Jack Hitt Active anguish in a context of flux.
[笑声] 杰克·希特 (Jack Hitt) 在不断变化的背景下表现出积极的痛苦。
Did Sartre write this?
这是萨特写的吗？
[LAUGHS]
[笑]
Toby's research led him to Plato, who once wrote, "When the modes of music change, the fundamental laws of the state change." It sounds preposterous at first, but might there be a connection between the low, constant humming of our industrial culture and the dissonant mood of anxiety and irresolution that seems to characterize our century?
托比的研究让他想到了柏拉图，柏拉图曾经写道：“当音乐模式改变时，国家的基本法则就会改变。”乍一听起来很荒谬，但我们工业文化的低沉、持续的嗡嗡声与我们这个世纪所特有的焦虑和优柔寡断的不和谐情绪之间是否存在联系？
We're the first generation of people to live in an environment in which there are lots of devices buzzing, whirring, humming at us.
我们是第一代生活在有大量设备对我们嗡嗡作响、嗡嗡作响的环境中的人。
I'm entirely a product of it.
我完全是它的产物。
I have no awareness of a life led without some sort of humming appliance lurking somewhere behind me.
我没有意识到我的生活中没有潜伏在我身后某处的某种嗡嗡作响的器具。
Of course, there must've been noises in the 16th century that were musical.
当然，16世纪肯定存在音乐般的噪音。
If nothing else, just nature.
如果没有别的，那就是自然。
But what appliances do that I don't think other natural world things have done is provide a steady drone.
但是，我认为其他自然世界的设备没有做到的事情是提供稳定的无人机。
It's the droning that is really novel.
真正新颖的是嗡嗡声。
My guess is that people these days find themselves a lot more bored, in general, than they used to be, partly because their appliances are taking care of things for them.
我的猜测是，现在人们发现自己比以前更无聊，部分原因是他们的设备正在为他们处理事情。
But the payoff is that there's this drone behind everything.
但回报是一切背后都有这架无人机。
And the drone is sort of a symptom of modern life.
无人机是现代生活的一种症状。
We're very acutely aware of our own boredom, and we've been eased into our boredom by all these machines.
我们非常清楚自己的无聊，并且所有这些机器都让我们陷入了无聊。
So let me restate my first question.
让我重申我的第一个问题。
Listening to your own background noise, do you hear what Toby Lester hears?
听着你自己的背景噪音，你听到托比·莱斯特听到了什么吗？
Try it again.
再试一次。
Now that I can't stop hearing it, I wonder if every exercise in mapping is really such a good thing.
现在我无法停止听到它，我想知道绘图中的每一个练习是否真的都是一件好事。
When I sat at my keyboard composing these lines, the computer hum and fan were droning a minor third at me, an interval associated with sorrow.
当我坐在键盘前写下这些诗句时，电脑的嗡嗡声和风扇向我发出小三度的嗡嗡声，这是一个与悲伤相关的间隔。
Before Columbus's day, the old maps simply showed an arrow pointing to the mysterious West, and then the words, "there dragons be." Maybe not every terra incognita needs discovering.
在哥伦布时代之前，旧地图只是显示了一个指向神秘西方的箭头，然后写着“那里有龙”。也许并非所有未知领域都需要发现。
But, of course, this is America.
但是，当然，这是美国。
We don't just explore, we profit.
我们不只是探索，我们还获利。
Any day now, I expect a house tuner to be ringing my doorbell, some failed telemarketer who'll promise to harmonize the whir of my toaster with the flush of the toilet, and thereby guarantee me an inner peace worthy of the millennium.
现在的每一天，我都希望有一个家庭调音师按响我的门铃，某个失败的电话推销员会承诺将我的烤面包机的呼呼声与马桶的冲水声协调起来，从而保证我获得值得千年的内心平静。
And you could obviously select from-- like you might select from paint chips-- from a variety of different house moods, happy, sad, active anguish in a context of flux.
显然，你可以从各种不同的房屋情绪中进行选择，就像你可以从油漆碎片中进行选择一样，在不断变化的背景下，快乐、悲伤、活跃的痛苦。
[LAUGHTER] Ira Glass Jack Hitt lives in New Haven.
[笑声] Ira Glass Jack Hitt 住在纽黑文。
[MUSIC--"WAY OVER YONDER IN THE MINOR KEY" BY BILLY BRAGG AND WILCO]
[音乐——比利·布拉格和威尔科的《小调中的远方》]
Act Three, Smell.
第三幕，闻。
Well, traditionally, there are maps of things you can see.
嗯，传统上，你可以看到的东西都有地图。
And sometimes, there are even maps of things that you can hear, for example, those government maps of where the jet noise is in the neighborhoods around airports.
有时，甚至还有您可以听到的事物的地图，例如，那些显示机场周围社区喷气机噪音位置的政府地图。
But finding somebody who has a need to understand the world-- to chart the world's objects-- through smell, this was not easy.
但是找到一个需要通过嗅觉来了解世界——绘制世界物体图——的人并不容易。
And then we found Cyrano Sciences, a Pasadena company that's trying to make an electronic nose.
然后我们找到了 Cyrano Sciences，这是一家帕萨迪纳公司，正在尝试制造电子鼻。
Ms. Nancy Updike headed out to their offices.
南希·厄普代克女士前往他们的办公室。
She prepared her report in the form of those "frequently asked questions" pages on the internet.
她以互联网上“常见问题”页面的形式准备了报告。
Quick warning to listeners before we begin.
在开始之前向听众发出快速警告。
We have no idea if these are, in fact, the questions that people most want to know about the nose.
我们不知道这些是否真的是人们最想了解的有关鼻子的问题。
We just like the sound of it.
我们只是喜欢它的声音。
Here then, her report.
那么，她的报告就在这里。
Hello, and welcome to Frequently Asked Questions About the Electronic Nose.
您好，欢迎来到电子鼻常见问题解答。
Does the electronic nose look like a nose?
电子鼻看起来像鼻子吗？
Actually, no. It looks like a tiny table.
事实上，没有。它看起来像一张小桌子。
It's a green, three-by-five plastic circuit board like you'd see inside a computer.
这是一块绿色的三乘五塑料电路板，就像您在计算机内部看到的那样。
And it's sitting on steel legs a couple inches high.
它坐在几英寸高的钢腿上。
It does not go on your face, needless to say.
不用说，它不会出现在你的脸上。
Sitting on top of the circuit board, there's something that looks like a black stamp.
电路板顶部有一个看起来像黑色印章的东西。
It's a microprocessor, the computer that runs the thing.
它是一个微处理器，运行该东西的计算机。
At the other end of the circuit board, there's a white box about an inch high with the name Durante printed on it in black letters.
电路板的另一端，有一个约一英寸高的白色盒子，上面用黑色字母印着杜兰特的名字。
I'm not joking.
我不是在开玩笑。
It says Durante.
上面写着杜兰特。
And then there's a clear plastic tube, thinner than a pencil, that the nose uses to sniff.
然后还有一根比铅笔还细的透明塑料管，鼻子用它来嗅。
But that's just the guts of the thing.
但这只是事情的本质。
Richard Payne is the project's chief technical officer, and he showed me a mock up of what the outside of the final product, which is going to be a handheld electronic nose, might look like when they finally give it an outside.
理查德·佩恩（Richard Payne）是该项目的首席技术官，他向我展示了最终产品（将成为手持式电子鼻）的外观模型，当他们最终给它一个外观时，它可能会是什么样子。
So one would be able to push the black buttons to give it instructions as to start or stop.
因此，人们可以按下黑色按钮来向其发出启动或停止的指令。
And these are black buttons that are sitting on a yellow disc, almost like-- not a dinner plate but the next size down.
这些黑色按钮位于黄色圆盘上，几乎就像不是餐盘，而是小了一个尺寸。
It's a dessert plate.
这是一个甜点盘。
Nancy Updike A dessert plate.
南希·厄普代克 甜点盘。
Thank you.
谢谢。
What can the electronic nose smell, and what can't it smell?
电子鼻能闻到什么，不能闻到什么？
If the electronic nose could draw, oh, I don't know, a map, say, of its world, here's what wouldn't be in the picture-- blueberries, movie popcorn, candle wax, pretty much every smell you can think of.
如果电子鼻可以绘制，哦，我不知道，一张它的世界地图，那么图片中就不会出现这样的东西——蓝莓、电影爆米花、蜡烛蜡，几乎所有你能想到的气味。
The electronic nose is still a baby.
电子鼻还处于婴儿期。
It has to learn each smell for the first time, just like we had to do as we grew up.
它必须第一次学习每种气味，就像我们长大后必须做的那样。
It has to build up a smell archive in its computer brain that it can compare new smells to.
它必须在计算机大脑中建立一个气味档案，以便与新气味进行比较。
Here's what its map would include.
这是它的地图将包含的内容。
Here are the smells it can identify so far.
以下是它迄今为止可以识别的气味。
And be forewarned, It is a small, sad world, frankly, for the electronic nose.
预先警告一下，坦率地说，对于电子鼻来说，这是一个狭小而悲伤的世界。
In preparation for its life as an industrial workhorse, the electronic nose has been sniffing mostly nasty solvent vapors and decaying bacteria.
为了成为工业主力，电子鼻一直在嗅探令人讨厌的溶剂蒸气和腐烂的细菌。
But when scientists want to show it off, they let it identify two perfumes-- the lovely Chanel Coco and the, in my opinion, overly sweet Bal A Versailles.
但当科学家想要炫耀它时，他们让它识别两种香水——可爱的香奈儿可可香水和在我看来过于甜美的凡尔赛香水。
We've opened up the bottle of perfume and inserted the sampling tube.
我们打开了香水瓶并插入了采样管。
The first sound you heard was clean air being drawn in to purge the sample chamber.
您听到的第一个声音是清洁空气被吸入以净化样品室。
And now it's on the draw mode when it's identifying.
现在它在识别时处于绘制模式。
And it has successfully identified Chanel Coco because it was trained to identify Chanel's Coco.
而且它已经成功识别了Chanel Coco，因为它接受了识别Chanel's Coco的训练。
What will the electronic nose be used for?
电子鼻有什么用？
By you and me?
由你和我？
Not much.
不多。
It's going to cost $2,000 to $5,000 at first.
一开始要花2000到5000美元。
But Richard really, really wants you to have one.
但理查德真的非常希望你能拥有一个。
So they're going to spend the next five years coming up with a model just for you, the consumer, for under $10.
因此，他们将在接下来的五年里专门为消费者推出一款价格低于 10 美元的模型。
Meanwhile, the electronic nose will have other assignments.
与此同时，电子鼻还有其他任务。
Detecting landmines.
探测地雷。
Factories could put electronic noses throughout their plants to detect dangerous gases that might be leaking during the manufacturing process.
工厂可以在整个工厂安装电子鼻，以检测制造过程中可能泄漏的危险气体。
Doctors could use a handheld electronic nose to diagnose pneumonia and other conditions that have distinctive smells.
医生可以使用手持式电子鼻来诊断肺炎和其他具有独特气味的疾病。
Smell, actually, used to be a much bigger part of medical diagnosis decades ago.
事实上，几十年前，气味曾经是医学诊断的重要组成部分。
Richard tells me about one nation-- not the United States--
理查德向我讲述了一个国家——不是美国——
--that wants to use the nose in an elaborate scheme to detect counterfeit money.
——想要在一个精心设计的计划中使用鼻子来检测假币。
This unnamed nation--
这个无名的民族——
Oh, it was actually the German printing office.
哦，原来是德国印刷局。
--wanted to inject a smell into their money, a smell that would be detected by "die nase elektronisch."
——想在他们的钱里注入一种气味，一种可以被“die nase elektronisch”检测到的气味。
Before we get to that, let me explain how actual noses work.
在我们开始之前，让我解释一下实际的鼻子是如何工作的。
The inside of your nose is filled with millions of little sensors, like sponges.
你的鼻子内部充满了数百万个小传感器，就像海绵一样。
A smell, meanwhile, is made up of a whole bunch of different chemicals, in the form of gases, that combine to create one specific odor.
与此同时，气味是由一整堆不同的气体形式的化学物质组成的，它们结合起来产生一种特定的气味。
As you breathe in-- let's all breathe in-- the gases enter your nose, and each chemical is absorbed by a different sensor that's primed to respond to that type of chemical.
当你吸气时——让我们都吸气——气体进入你的鼻子，每种化学物质都会被不同的传感器吸收，传感器准备对这种类型的化学物质做出反应。
The sensors-- the little sponges-- then send signals to the brain.
然后传感器——小海绵——向大脑发送信号。
And the brain combines all the data from all the different sensors and identifies their combination as a particular smell.
大脑将来自所有不同传感器的所有数据结合起来，并将它们的组合识别为特定的气味。
Right.
正确的。
I'll repeat the question.
我会重复这个问题。
How does the electronic nose work?
电子鼻如何工作？
So the electronic nose works almost the same way.
所以电子鼻的工作原理几乎是一样的。
Remember how I said it looks like a little table?
还记得我说过它看起来像一张小桌子吗？
Underneath the table, it has a pump, like a tiny set of lungs to draw smells in through the plastic tube.
桌子下面有一个泵，就像一个微小的肺，可以通过塑料管吸入气味。
The air goes up the tube into the white box named Durante, and the box holds all the sensors.
空气沿着管子进入名为 Durante 的白色盒子，盒子里装有所有传感器。
Then some of the sensors swell depending on whatever chemicals are in the air being drawn in.
然后，一些传感器会根据吸入空气中的化学物质而膨胀。
Electrodes measure the amount of swelling, and the microcomputer acts as a brain to coordinate all the information from all the sensors and to compare the new pattern to smells its learned before.
电极测量肿胀量，微型计算机充当大脑来协调来自所有传感器的所有信息，并将新模式与之前学到的气味进行比较。
How does the electronic nose compare to a dog's nose?
电子鼻与狗的鼻子相比如何？
Dogs are used at airports to detect explosives, and they're also used in detecting landmines.
狗在机场被用来探测爆炸物，也被用来探测地雷。
Maybe you've seen them in the movies.
也许你在电影中见过他们。
Their nose, at this point, is pretty unbeatable for mapping smells.
在这一点上，它们的鼻子在绘制气味方面是无与伦比的。
It has 10 times as many sensors as the human nose.
它的传感器数量是人类鼻子的 10 倍。
And human noses have 300,000 times as many sensors as the current version of the electronic nose.
而人类鼻子的传感器数量是当前版本电子鼻的30万倍。
But the electronic nose does have one significant advantage over dogs.
但电子鼻确实比狗有一个显着的优势。
Dogs, they tend to have a very short attention span.
狗的注意力往往很短。
They usually are good for 15 or 20 minutes, and then it's time for another dog.
它们通常可以持续 15 或 20 分钟，然后就该换另一只狗了。
An they're expensive to train.
而且他们的训练费用很高。
And they're very good--
而且他们都非常好——
I didn't know that.
我不知道。
You always see the dogs being so focused.
你总是看到狗们如此专注。
No, they stay focused for time frames on the order of 15 minutes, maybe a good one, a half an hour.
不，他们保持专注的时间大约是 15 分钟，也许一个半小时比较好。
And is the electronic nose going to be as good as a dog's nose?
电子鼻会像狗鼻子一样好吗？
It will be a long time before it's as good as a dog's nose, but it will be someday.
要像狗鼻子一样好用还需要很长时间，但总有一天会的。
A few hours into my visit at Cyrano, I found myself, inevitably, thinking about that dilemma at the heart of so many science fiction movies.
参观西哈诺几个小时后，我发现自己不可避免地思考了许多科幻电影核心的困境。
At what point does a machine achieve humanness?
机器什么时候才能实现人性化？
A machine whose sense of smell consists of counting up all the chemicals in a particular odor and naming them, is that really smelling?
一台机器的嗅觉包括计算特定气味中的所有化学物质并命名它们，它真的有气味吗？
Real smelling seems different.
真正的气味似乎不同。
It seems human.
看来是人性的。
Real smells have associations.
真正的气味是有关联的。
They evoke memories and feelings.
它们唤起记忆和感受。
We don't just count molecules floating through the air.
我们不只是计算空气中漂浮的分子。
What we do and what we call smelling seems fundamentally different from what the electronic nose does when it smells.
我们所做的以及我们所谓的嗅觉似乎与电子鼻闻气味时所做的根本不同。
Richard, like any good scientist of course, has no interest whatsoever in this idea.
当然，理查德像任何优秀的科学家一样，对这个想法没有任何兴趣。
I won't play for you any of the five minutes of tape of our going back and forth about it, except to say that he ended with--
我不会为你播放我们反复讨论的五分钟录音带中的任何一段，除了说他最后是——
I'm happy I'm a person and not a computer.
我很高兴我是一个人而不是一台电脑。
Yeah, me too.
是的，我也是。
You know, at moments like this, you really need an omniscient narrator with a deep voice to come in and wrap it all up.
你知道，在这样的时刻，你真的需要一个全知、声音低沉的叙述者进来，把这一切都包起来。
And I have one.
我有一个。
Yes, there are similarities and differences between the human nose and the electronic nose.
是的，人鼻和电子鼻有相同点，也有不同点。
The key difference is that powerful human computer we call the brain, which lets us sift through thousands-- even millions-- of different odors as we map our world.
关键的区别在于我们称之为大脑的强大人类计算机，它可以让我们在绘制世界地图时筛选数千甚至数百万种不同的气味。
Well, coming up, learning to map a city using your mouth your guide.
好吧，接下来，学习用你的嘴作为向导来绘制城市地图。
Our little radio experiment in the five senses continues.
我们关于五种感官的小型无线电实验仍在继续。
Taste and Touch are left.
剩下的是味觉和触觉。
In a minute, from Public Radio International, when our program continues.
稍后，国际公共广播电台将继续我们的节目。
It's This American Life .
这就是美国生活。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Each week on our program, of course, we choose a theme, invite a variety of writers, documentary producers, and performers to tackle that theme.
当然，我们每周的节目都会选择一个主题，邀请各种作家、纪录片制片人和表演者来解决这个主题。
Today's program, Mapping.
今天的节目，测绘。
We're bringing you five stories, five ways of mapping the world, one through each of the human senses, sight, hearing, smell, and now touch and taste.
我们为您带来五个故事，五种描绘世界的方式，一种通过人类感官，视觉，听觉，嗅觉，现在是触觉和味觉。
We've arrived at Act Four, Human Touch.
我们已经到了第四幕，人性化。
This is a story about somebody mapping her own body using the sense of touch.
这是一个关于某人利用触觉绘制自己身体的故事。
Deb Monroe is a magazine writer and contributor to public radio shows like Marketplace and The Savvy Traveler .
Deb Monroe 是一位杂志作家，也是 Marketplace 和 The Savvy Traveler 等公共广播节目的撰稿人。
If mapping means that you're charting only one aspect of the world, there is a good side to being obsessed with one thing.
如果绘制地图意味着您只绘制世界的一个方面，那么痴迷于一件事也有好的一面。
And, of course, there is a darker side.
当然，还有更黑暗的一面。
This whole thing began seven years ago.
整件事要从七年前说起。
I remember the day.
我记得那一天。
At a park with my daughters-- babies back then-- I came across a magazine article about breast cancer.
在我和女儿们（当时还是婴儿）的一个公园里，我偶然发现了一篇关于乳腺癌的杂志文章。
It listed the warning signs.
它列出了警告标志。
It suddenly didn't matter that I was in a crowded public place.
突然间，我在拥挤的公共场所就不再那么重要了。
I had to check.
我必须检查一下。
So I stuck my hand under my blouse and checked for lumps.
于是我把手伸进衬衫下面，检查是否有肿块。
Nothing.
没有什么。
Then I stretched out my T-shirt and peeked inside.
然后我摊开我的T恤往里看。
What was that?
那是什么？
I'd never noticed it before, a sort of puckering on the pale skin of my breasts.
我以前从未注意到，我的胸部苍白的皮肤上有一种皱褶。
Grabbing the kids and carting them to a phone, I called my doctor.
我抓住孩子们，把他们带到电话旁，给我的医生打电话。
Come in today, he said.
今天进来吧，他说。
At the office, the nurses watched the babies while the doctor examined me.
在办公室里，护士们看着婴儿，医生则给我做检查。
He looked like he was trying hard not to roll his eyes.
他看起来像是在努力不让自己翻白眼。
Stretch marks, he said.
妊娠纹，他说。
Those are stretch marks.
这些是妊娠纹。
That experience would have stopped most people from panicking and running to the doctor.
这种经历会让大多数人不再惊慌并跑去看医生。
Not in my case.
就我而言不是。
It catapulted me straight into the world of hypochondriacs.
它让我直接进入了忧郁症的世界。
When life gets stressful, I do five or six breast checks a day.
当生活变得有压力时，我每天会进行五到六次乳房检查。
When things get really intense, that number goes up to 30 or 40.
当事情变得非常激烈时，这个数字会上升到 30 或 40。
I've pushed and prodded my flesh so hard that I've actually bruised myself.
我太用力地推挤我的肉，以至于我自己都擦伤了。
I've done self-exams at the dinner table, in the middle of a performance at the Hollywood Bowl, and I hope they're not listening right now, but in the studios of PRI's Marketplace .
我在餐桌上、在好莱坞露天剧场 (Hollywood Bowl) 的表演中进行了自我检查，我希望他们现在不是在听，而是在 PRI 市场的工作室里听。
I can't control myself.
我无法控制自己。
But it's not just the breast exams.
但这不仅仅是乳房检查。
My husband Jim can tell you when it all began.
我丈夫吉姆可以告诉你这一切是何时开始的。
Probably about seven years ago.
大概是七年前吧。
Probably when we were living in Dallas and Michaela was not very old.
可能当我们住在达拉斯时，米凯拉还不太老。
She was really pretty young.
她真的很年轻。
A few months old, maybe.
也许几个月大了。
That's when you had your first tumor.
那是你长出第一个肿瘤的时候。
I can't remember where it was.
我不记得它在哪里了。
Was it a brain tumor?
是脑肿瘤吗？
You went through so many.
你经历了那么多。
I think you thought you had a brain tumor.
我想你以为自己得了脑瘤。
And then we moved to Chicago, and then you had stomach cancer.
然后我们搬到了芝加哥，然后你就得了胃癌。
I believe you had another brain tumor, a couple of cases of breast cancer.
我相信你患有另一种脑肿瘤，有几例乳腺癌。
Quite a survivor.
真是一个幸存者。
You have actual physical pain.
你有实际的身体疼痛。
That's the weird part.
这就是奇怪的部分。
You're convinced that you have had a headache for three weeks.
您确信自己已经头痛三周了。
You are convinced that your stomach has been killing your for three months, and that's got to be a developing tumor somewhere between your knees and your shoulders.
你确信你的胃已经折磨了你三个月了，而那一定是你膝盖和肩膀之间某个地方正在生长的肿瘤。
You've got this cancer that's eating you alive.
你得了这种癌症，它正在吞噬你的生命。
You're convinced of that, and it's bizarre, truly.
你确信这一点，这确实很奇怪。
I'm sorry.
对不起。
It doesn't sound very sympathetic.
听起来不太有同情心。
The weird thing is that I'm so afraid I might actually find something that I don't really do my breast exams correctly.
奇怪的是，我很害怕我实际上可能会发现一些我没有真正正确进行乳房检查的东西。
My hand darts in here, there, feels around and then, relieved that there are no obvious lumps, my hand pulls away as if it's just been burned.
我的手伸进这里、那里，摸了摸周围，然后因为没有明显的肿块而松了口气，我的手抽开了，就像刚刚被烧伤一样。
But knowing that I did a lousy job, I must do it again, and the cycle just repeats itself.
但我知道我做得很糟糕，我必须再做一次，这样的循环就会重演。
The cycle spiraled out of control two years ago.
两年前，这个周期就失控了。
It was a bad time in my life.
那是我一生中一段糟糕的时光。
The kids were worried about starting school, and my father was on the verge of a nervous breakdown as my mother continued her decline into Alzheimer's.
孩子们担心开始上学，而我的父亲则处于精神崩溃的边缘，而我的母亲则继续恶化，患上了阿尔茨海默氏症。
So when a magazine offered to send me to write about a weekend getaway for stressed-out moms in the mountains two hours south of LA, I jumped at the chance.
因此，当一本杂志邀请我写一篇关于在洛杉矶以南两小时车程的山区为压力重重的妈妈们周末度假的文章时，我抓住了这个机会。
Well, instead of being a relaxing, pampering experience, I kept sneaking off to the bathroom to check for lumps.
好吧，我并没有获得轻松、纵容的体验，而是一直偷偷溜到浴室检查是否有肿块。
I went to the bathroom so many times, one lady asked if I had food poisoning.
我去了很多次洗手间，一位女士问我是否食物中毒。
I wonder what she would've said if she could see me, hunkered down on the grimy toilet lid under the fluorescent light, stripping to the waist so I could check myself.
我不知道如果她看到我在荧光灯下蹲在肮脏的马桶盖上，脱光上身以便检查自己，她会说什么。
Fast forward to Halloween.
快进到万圣节。
At a friend's party filled with children and music and wine, I was walking by a bookshelf when I spotted the Merck Manual.
在一个充满孩子、音乐和美酒的朋友聚会上，当我走过书架时，我发现了默克手册。
It's filled with descriptions of diseases and their symptoms.
它充满了疾病及其症状的描述。
I tried, but I couldn't resist.
我尝试过，但我无法抗拒。
The book was suddenly in my hand.
书突然就到了我手里。
My friend's husband, John, sauntered up, interested.
我朋友的丈夫约翰饶有兴趣地走过来。
He was sure he had a brain tumor.
他确信自己患有脑瘤。
The repeated CAT scans must've missed it, he said.
他说，重复的 CAT 扫描肯定漏掉了它。
We spent the next two hours pouring over the book, following the trail of little gray boxes of symptoms to their frightening conclusions.
接下来的两个小时里，我们仔细研读了这本书，追踪灰色的小框症状，得出了令人恐惧的结论。
Hodgkin's disease, stomach cancer, Ebola.
霍奇金病、胃癌、埃博拉病毒。
John's wife marched over, grabbed the book away, and pointed meaningfully at the children bobbing for apples.
约翰的妻子大步走过去，抓起书，意味深长地指着正在抢苹果的孩子们。
My husband ordered me to stop reading medical information in books and magazines.
我丈夫命令我停止阅读书籍和杂志上的医疗信息。
He forgot about the information that comes with prescription drugs.
他忘记了处方药附带的信息。
In teeny, tiny print on the skinny piece of paper that comes with birth control pills is that bit warning women over the age of 35 about the possibility of blood clots in the leg, which can shoot up through your veins and kill you.
避孕药随附的薄纸上印有微小的字样，警告 35 岁以上的女性腿部可能出现血栓，血栓可能会从静脉中涌出并杀死您。
At 3:00 AM, I woke up with a leg cramp.
凌晨 3:00，我因腿抽筋而醒来。
It had to be a clot.
它一定是一个血块。
I paged the doctor.
我给医生打电话。
Well, since I ruined all the goodwill in that relationship, I had to move on.
好吧，既然我毁掉了这段关系中的所有善意，我就必须继续前进。
This time, I switched to a woman doctor.
这次我换了女医生。
Turns out we had a lot of common-- both 37, third generation Mexican-American, even grew up in the same neighborhood.
事实证明，我们有很多共同点——都是 37 岁的第三代墨西哥裔美国人，甚至在同一个社区长大。
She asked about the stress in my life.
她问我生活中的压力。
Because a lot of times, women with pain in that area will have a psychological cause for it.
因为很多时候，女性该部位疼痛是有心理原因的。
I would say maybe 50% of the time.
我想说也许有 50% 的时间。
No, you're not alone.
不，你并不孤单。
Deb Monroe What's this about?
黛布·梦露 这是关于什么的？
Knowing you as I have, I think perhaps you're just nervous and anxious about the possibility of having a problem.
据我了解，我认为也许您只是对可能出现问题感到紧张和焦虑。
And with everything going on your life, it's easy to focus on something else to put your anxiety into.
随着生活中发生的一切，你很容易把注意力集中在其他事情上，从而引发焦虑。
And at one point, it was the pelvic pain.
有一次，是骨盆疼痛。
And that resolved once you knew that maybe this is what was causing it.
一旦你知道这可能是造成这种情况的原因，问题就解决了。
Now it's the breast situation.
现在是乳房的情况。
And maybe once you resolve whatever is in your life that might be triggering that fear and anxiety, that will resolve itself as well.
也许一旦你解决了生活中可能引发恐惧和焦虑的问题，这些问题也会自行解决。
Ah, fear and anxiety.
啊，恐惧和焦虑。
They are so '90s.
他们太90年代了。
It's all so self-absorbed.
一切都是那么的自我陶醉。
And it's this part of hypochondria-- the self-absorption-- that I hate the most.
我最讨厌的正是疑病症的这一部分——自我陶醉。
I feel enormously guilty having such thoughts when millions of people are suffering from real problems.
当数百万人正在遭受真正的问题时，我对产生这样的想法感到非常内疚。
Everything is going along fine, and then it's like, oh, I remember the syndrome.
一切都很顺利，然后就好像，哦，我记得这个综合症。
Suddenly, we're back into it again.
突然，我们又回到了原来的状态。
I think you're doing fine, you seem to be doing fine, and suddenly, I catch you feeling for a lump or something.
我认为你做得很好，你看起来做得很好，突然间，我发现你有肿块之类的感觉。
I find it a little depressing.
我觉得有点郁闷。
Suddenly, it's like what I thought was sort of a normal pattern has now come to an end, and now we're going to go through this difficult time with you being distracted and sort of self-absorbed and worried.
突然之间，我认为正常的模式现在已经结束了，现在我们将在你心烦意乱、自我陶醉和担忧的情况下度过这段困难时期。
And yeah, I almost want to slap your hand like you're a two-year-old reaching for a cookie.
是的，我几乎想拍你的手，就像你是一个两岁的孩子伸手去拿饼干一样。
The trouble is, I think, that it takes your mind away from other things that it seems to me should be more important, because they actually exist, for one thing.
我认为，问题在于，它会让你的注意力从其他在我看来应该更重要的事情上移开，因为一方面它们确实存在。
I mean, the tumors don't exist and I do, your other things do, that sometimes get shunted aside when you're busy obsessing about these maladies.
我的意思是，肿瘤并不存在，而我却存在，而你的其他事情却存在，当你忙于沉迷于这些疾病时，它们有时会被抛到一边。
Would you have ever suspected when we got married that I would end up doing this?
当我们结婚的时候你会怀疑我最终会这么做吗？
No. It's a great question.
不，这是一个很好的问题。
No. Not at all.
不，一点也不。
You were smart, kind of fun and liked to have a good time, seemed to be very much capable of enjoying life.
你很聪明，很有趣，喜欢享受美好时光，看起来很有能力享受生活。
You were good at what you did.
你所做的事情很出色。
Now you still are good at what you do, but your enjoyment of life has to be hampered by your constantly searching for lumps and believing you have them.
现在你仍然很擅长你所做的事情，但是你对生活的享受一定会因为你不断地寻找肿块并相信你有它们而受到阻碍。
That definitely doesn't seem like the kind of thing the person I married would have done.
这绝对不像是我结婚的人会做的事情。
But this is the problem.
但这就是问题所在。
When you start mapping your own body while consumed with fear, the map's inaccurate.
当你在恐惧中开始绘制自己的身体地图时，地图就会不准确。
The picture that you get of yourself is inaccurate.
您对自己的了解是不准确的。
It's filled with landmarks that seem huge but really don't exist.
它充满了看似巨大但实际上并不存在的地标。
It's a road map that always sends you driving down the wrong road.
这是一张总是让你走错路的路线图。
Deb Monroe in Los Angeles.
黛布·门罗在洛杉矶。
Act Five: Taste Ira Glass Act Five, Mapping the World Through Taste.
第五幕：品味艾拉·格拉斯第五幕，通过品味绘制世界。
Jonathan Gold's life was changed after he decided to map his city-- one part of his city-- by relying mostly on his sense of taste.
乔纳森·戈尔德（Jonathan Gold）决定主要依靠自己的品味来绘制他的城市（他城市的一部分）的地图后，他的生活发生了变化。
His story begins in the early 1980s.
他的故事要从20世纪80年代初开始。
He went back to where it all happened to tell the tale.
他回到事情发生的地方讲述了这个故事。
This is the historic site of Mr. Coleslaw Burger, which now is a neon sign shop specializing in Hangul characters for Korean signs.
这里是Mr. Coleslaw Burger 的历史遗址，现在是一家专门销售韩国招牌韩文字符的霓虹灯店。
Mr. Coleslaw Burger is on Pico Boulevard.
Mr. Coleslaw Burger 位于皮克大道 (Pico Boulevard)。
And at the time, I lived on Pico Boulevard about three or four miles down over a kosher butcher shop in a Jewish-Iranian section of town.
当时，我住在皮克大道上大约三四英里处，在城镇犹太裔伊朗人聚居区的一家犹太肉店对面。
And I took a bus down Pico Boulevard every day for my job, which was an incredibly boring legal proofreading job at a downtown legal newspaper.
我每天都乘公共汽车沿着皮克大道去上班，这是一份在市中心法律报纸上进行的极其无聊的法律校对工作。
My goal in those days, I suppose, was to be Elliott Abrams, who was at that time the undersecretary of state under Reagan, who seemed to have the glamorous life of flying around from Latin capital to Latin capital, meddling in everybody's economies and exhorting them all to try University of Chicago-style economics.
我想，我当时的目标是成为埃利奥特·艾布拉姆斯，他当时是里根领导下的副国务卿，他似乎过着从拉丁首都飞往拉丁首都的光鲜亮丽的生活，干预每个人的经济，并劝说他们所有人尝试芝加哥大学式的经济学。
I had some vague idea that I wanted to be a government bureaucrat.
我有一个模糊的想法，我想成为一名政府官员。
I took every civil service test that it's possible to take.
我参加了所有可能参加的公务员考试。
I took the country civil service test and the state civil service test.
我参加了国家公务员考试和州公务员考试。
I took the post office test.
我参加了邮局考试。
I took the National Security Agency test.
我参加了国家安全局考试。
I took a CIA test.
我参加了 CIA 测试。
And finally, but probably not least, I took the foreign service test.
最后，但可能并非最不重要的是，我参加了外交服务测试。
And I got a fairly high score on it.
我在这方面得到了相当高的分数。
So I assumed that I was going to, at some point, join the foreign service.
所以我认为我会在某个时候加入外交部门。
At some point during this year, my friend, Ken, took me to this place on Pico Boulevard-- Mr. Coleslaw Burger.
今年的某个时候，我的朋友肯带我去了皮克大道上的这个地方——凉拌卷心菜汉堡先生。
And Mr. Coleslaw Burger wasn't much, I guess, in terms of restaurants.
我想，就餐馆而言，凉拌卷心菜汉堡先生并不算多。
It wasn't the most magnificent place I'd ever been to, and it wasn't the best-smeling place I had ever been to, and sort of a surly guy behind the counter who insulted his clients and liked to be known as Mr. Coleslaw Burger himself, although his name was probably Miller.
这不是我去过的最华丽的地方，也不是我去过的最好闻的地方，柜台后面有一个脾气暴躁的人，他侮辱他的顾客，喜欢被称为凉拌卷心菜汉堡先生，尽管他的名字可能是米勒。
And the thing that struck me about Mr. Coleslaw Burger was that here was a man who had found his mission in life.
凉拌卷心菜汉堡先生让我印象深刻的是，他找到了自己的人生使命。
And his mission in life was to put coleslaw on hamburgers.
他的人生使命就是把凉拌卷心菜放在汉堡上。
I'm not sure if he was the very first person to put coleslaw on hamburgers, but the first person I'd ever seen.
我不确定他是否是第一个将凉拌卷心菜放在汉堡上的人，但他是我见过的第一个人。
And somehow, thinking of Mr. Coleslaw Burger and thinking of the other restaurants I'd eaten at on Pico, I came up with this sort of half-baked coleslaw-inspired idea to eat at every restaurant on Pico Boulevard and to create sort of a map of the senses that would be able to get me from one end to the other.
不知怎的，想到凉拌卷心菜汉堡先生，想到我在皮科吃过的其他餐馆，我想到了这种半生不熟的凉拌卷心菜启发的想法，在皮科大道上的每一家餐馆吃饭，并创建一种感官地图，能够让我从一端到达另一端。
The next week, as I was coming home from work and I had really nothing else planned for the evening or, realistically, the week or the rest of my life, I decided to do that.
下周，当我下班回家时，我真的没有为晚上，或者实际上，这一周或我的余生做任何其他计划，我决定这样做。
And I came up with a set of rules.
我想出了一套规则。
I had to go to each restaurant in order.
我必须按顺序去每家餐厅。
If the restaurant was closed, I could go to the next restaurant on the list, but means the next time I was out, I had to go back to the one that I had missed the first time.
如果餐厅关门了，我可以去名单上的下一家餐厅，但这意味着下次我出去时，我必须回到我第一次错过的那家餐厅。
If a restaurant was really bad, I could skip out after a bite or two.
如果一家餐馆真的很糟糕，我可以吃一两口就退出。
If a place wasn't really a restaurant but, say, a candy store that also happened to sell hot dogs, then I'd have to try the hot dog, but I wouldn't necessarily have to make it part of my meal.
如果一个地方实际上不是一家餐馆，而是一家糖果店，而且碰巧也卖热狗，那么我就必须尝试一下热狗，但我不一定要把它作为我餐食的一部分。
And as often happens with these kind of restaurants, they'd close down.
正如这类餐馆经常发生的那样，他们会关门。
So if I'd gone two miles and then a restaurant that I had gone to had closed down and opened up again, then I would have to go and eat at that restaurant before I would be able to go to the next one.
因此，如果我走了两英里，然后我去过的一家餐馆关门了又重新开业，那么我必须先去那家餐馆吃饭，然后才能去下一家餐馆。
Street vendors, push carts selling tacos or mangoes were optional.
街头小贩、出售炸玉米饼或芒果的手推车都是可选的。
I usually tried to eat at them, but I didn't consider it a fault if I didn't.
我通常会尝试吃它们，但如果我不这样做，我也不认为这是一个错误。
I became obsessed with the idea of Pico Boulevard.
我开始着迷于皮克大道的想法。
Almost every ethnic group that exists in Los Angeles, you can find on Pico.
几乎洛杉矶存在的每个民族，您都可以在 Pico 上找到。
There's specific blocks that are Guatemalan and Nicaraguan blocks and Salvadoran blocks.
有一些特定的区块是危地马拉和尼加拉瓜区块以及萨尔瓦多区块。
There are parts of Pico where you can drive for probably a mile without seeing a sign that isn't in Korean.
在皮克的某些地方，您可能可以行驶一英里而看不到非韩语的标志。
There's big sections that are Mexican, and not just Mexican but some are Oaxacan, and some are so solidly aligned with Jalisco, with Guadalajara that you see the little symbol-- the goat of the Guadalajaran soccer team, which is the Chivos-- in almost every window.
有很大一部分是墨西哥人，不仅是墨西哥人，还有一些是瓦哈卡人，还有一些与哈利斯科州和瓜达拉哈拉紧密相连，以至于你几乎在每个窗户上都能看到一个小标志——瓜达拉哈兰足球队的山羊，也就是切沃斯队。
And it's center for a huge concentration of Persian Jews that came over here around the time the Ayatollah took power.
这里是波斯犹太人大量聚集的中心，他们在阿亚图拉掌权期间来到这里。
I don't think there's another street in Los Angeles that's quite like it.
我认为洛杉矶没有另一条街道能与它相媲美。
This is the El Parian, and the thumping you hear is a man butchering goats.
这是埃尔帕里安，你听到的重击声是一个人在屠宰山羊。
El Parian is probably the best place in Los Angeles to find the dish called the birria, which is sometimes translated as "ugly stuff" and in Arizona is made with beef.
El Parian 可能是洛杉矶寻找 birria 菜肴的最佳地点，这种菜有时被翻译为“丑陋的东西”，在亚利桑那州是用牛肉制成的。
But in Los Angeles and in Guadalajara-- where the dish comes from-- it means goat stew.
但在洛杉矶和瓜达拉哈拉（这道菜的发源地），它的意思是炖山羊肉。
When you come to El Parian, usually people won't ask you what you want.
当你来到 El Parian 时，通常人们不会问你想要什么。
They know what you want.
他们知道你想要什么。
There's only one reason you come here, and that's for the birria.
你来这里的原因只有一个，那就是 birria。
You start off with some chips and beans, and then they bring it out-- a big plate of goat roast.
你先吃一些薯条和豆子，然后他们端上来——一大盘烤山羊。
Still has the crispy parts and the savory parts and some stewy parts.
仍然有脆的部分和咸味的部分和一些炖的部分。
And they'll our over it this broth called consomme, which is essentially a very strong broth made with amplified goat drippings and lots of chile.
他们会喝一种叫做清汤的肉汤，它本质上是一种非常浓的肉汤，由放大的山羊肉滴和大量的智利制成。
First sip of the-- oh, my.
第一口——哦，天哪。
The first sip of the consomme-- the first taste that you get is the taste of salt.
第一口清汤——你首先感受到的是盐的味道。
And then almost immediately, like a kick in the back of the throat, the chile comes in.
然后几乎立刻，就像在喉咙后部踢了一脚，辣椒就进来了。
It's a very specific feeling.
这是一种非常具体的感觉。
And then sort of like the round, almost arc-shaped flavor of the goat, which is gamy but not too gamy, and the meat's sweetness comes through.
然后有点像山羊那种圆圆的，几乎是弧形的味道，有腥味但又不太腥，肉的甜味就透出来了。
It's a wonderful taste.
这是一个美妙的味道。
It's really well balanced.
它确实非常平衡。
Really, I like eating the goat fine.
真的，我很喜欢吃山羊肉。
But the goat soup that you're able to scoop out from around the goat is the best part of the whole thing.
但你能从山羊周围舀出的山羊汤是整个过程中最好的部分。
Birria may seem like a strange thing and sort of an isolated specialty, but birria's actually hugely popular in Los Angeles, especially among immigrants from Zacatecas state and from Jalisco, whose capital is Guadalajara.
Birria 可能看起来很奇怪，而且是一种孤立的特产，但 Birria 实际上在洛杉矶非常受欢迎，尤其是在来自萨卡特卡斯州和哈利斯科州（其首府是瓜达拉哈拉）的移民中。
And there may be as many as 100 places specializing in the dish.
专营这道菜的地方可能多达100家。
This is the last remaining location of the world famous Oki Dog, the more famous branch of which used to be on Santa Monica Boulevard in West Hollywood.
这是世界著名的奥基狗仅存的地方，其更著名的分店曾经位于西好莱坞的圣莫尼卡大道。
The original Oki was notorious because it was where everybody went after punk rock shows at the Starwood.
原来的 Oki 臭名昭著，因为这是喜达屋朋克摇滚演出后每个人都会去的地方。
So you'd go there at 1:00 in the morning, and there'd be a line of 300 people with mohawks and cherry-red hair and rings in their noses and Doc Martens on their feet, flying the flag, hanging out with the freaks.
所以你早上 1:00 去那里，就会看到 300 个人排成一队，留着莫霍克发型，留着樱桃红的头发，鼻环上戴着 Doc Martens，他们飘扬着旗帜，和怪物们一起闲逛。
The famous punk rock singer, Darby Crash, who was the lead singer of The Germs, was reputed to have had his last meal at the Oki Dog just a few hours before he OD'd.
著名朋克摇滚歌手达比·克拉什 (Darby Crash) 是 The Germs 乐队的主唱，据说他在吸毒前几个小时在 Oki Dog 吃过最后一顿饭。
That one got closed because it was the site of about half the crime in the city of West Hollywood.
该犯罪中心被关闭，因为它是西好莱坞市大约一半犯罪的发生地。
The Pico Oki, though, was the one that always had the better food.
不过，Pico Oki 总是提供更好的食物。
Los Angeles has always been famous for its fusion food, its multicultural concoctions of things.
洛杉矶一直以其融合美食和多元文化的混合物而闻名。
But the same sort of thing that was happening in much fancier restaurants like Chinois and Chaya Brasserie across town, here, Oki Dog was doing almost the people's version of it.
但是，与镇上的 Chinois 和 Chaya Brasserie 等更高档的餐厅发生的事情一样，在这里，Oki Dog 所做的几乎是人们的版本。
My favorite item, the pastrami burrito-- which is a truly fearsome creation capable of feeding four people for four days-- is a greased bun made with fried pastrami, fried cabbage, fried peppers, a glob of chili, pickles and onions if you want them, and wrapped inside a burrito, which is to say food with influences of Chinese food, Jewish food, and the Los Angeles chili tradition, wrapped in a burrito which is Mexican style, cooked by Japanese guys for an almost exclusively African-American clientele.
我最喜欢的菜是熏牛肉卷饼——这是一个真正可怕的创造，可以让四个人吃四天——是一种用油煎的熏牛肉、炸卷心菜、炸辣椒、一团辣椒、泡菜和洋葱（如果你想要的话）制成的涂有油脂的面包，然后包裹在墨西哥卷饼中，也就是说，受中国菜、犹太菜和洛杉矶辣椒传统影响的食物，包裹在墨西哥风格的卷饼中，由日本人烹制几乎全是非洲裔美国人的客户。
This is the Magic Carpet Restaurant, which is a black kosher Yemenite restaurant.
这是魔毯餐厅，这是一家黑色犹太也门餐厅。
Mmm.
嗯。
Smell that mint tea.
闻闻薄荷茶的味道。
That just smells great.
那味道真好。
Magic Carpet was sort of on the end of my year on Pico.
魔毯有点像我在 Pico 的那一年的年底。
I had eaten in perhaps 150 restaurants.
我大概吃过 150 家餐馆。
But at some point during the year, I started relaxing the rules a little bit.
但在这一年的某个时候，我开始稍微放松一些规则。
I started passing by the mango carts.
我开始经过芒果车。
I started becoming less interested in the places that serve chili burgers that looked exactly like the place that served chili burgers a block away.
我开始对那些看起来和一个街区外供应辣椒汉堡的地方一模一样的提供辣椒汉堡的地方不再感兴趣。
And after a while, all pupusas started to look alike to me.
过了一段时间，所有的小狗在我看来都开始变得相似了。
During the course of this year, I'd gotten the results of the first Foreign Service exam.
今年，我拿到了第一次外交考试的成绩。
I did pretty well.
我做得很好。
And on the second Foreign Service exam, I did better than I did on the first part.
在第二次外交考试中，我的成绩比第一部分好。
I'd been through my FBI search and had been fingerprinted and had been checked out by government physicians.
我已经接受了联邦调查局的搜查，采集了指纹，并接受了政府医生的检查。
I was ready to go.
我准备出发了。
I was waiting for a posting somewhere.
我在某处等待发帖。
And it occurred to me that what I was looking for in the foreign service, that the sort of adventures I was hoping to have, that the sort of people I was hoping to meet, I was already having right there in my own hometown.
我突然想到，我在外交部门寻找的东西、我希望经历的冒险、我希望遇到的人，我在自己的家乡就已经有了。
Jonathan Gold is now the restaurant critic for the LA Weekly and for Los Angeles Magazine .
乔纳森·戈尔德现在是《洛杉矶周刊》和《洛杉矶杂志》的餐厅评论家。
His food column "Counter Intelligence" was in the Los Angeles Times for eight years.
他的美食专栏《反情报》在《洛杉矶时报》上刊登了八年。
His mission-- to help readers everywhere be less afraid of their neighbors using the medium of food.
他的使命是帮助世界各地的读者以食物为媒介减少对邻居的恐惧。
Well, our program was produced today by Nancy Updike and myself with Alix Spiegel and Julie Snyder, senior editor Paul Tough, contributing editors Jack Hitt, Margy Rochlin, and consigliere Sarah Vowell.
今天，我们的节目由南希·厄普代克和我本人、阿利克斯·斯皮格尔和朱莉·斯奈德、高级编辑保罗·托夫、特约编辑杰克·希特、玛吉·罗克林和顾问莎拉·沃威尔共同制作。
Production help from Laura Doggett and [UNINTELLIGIBLE] Davenport.
Laura Doggett 和 [无法理解] Davenport 提供制作帮助。
The deep voice behind the electronic nose frequently asked questions was Mr. Paul Friedman, Chicago voiceover man who also happens to be the official voice of the Chicago Cubs.
电子鼻常见问题背后低沉的声音是芝加哥配音员保罗·弗里德曼先生，他也恰好是芝加哥小熊队的官方配音。
[ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS] If you want to buy a cassette of this program, call us here at WBEZ in Chicago.
[鸣谢] 如果您想购买该节目的磁带，请致电我们位于芝加哥的 WBEZ。
312-832-3380.
312-832-3380。
Our email address, [email protected] , where you can listen to most of our programs for free on the internet at our website, www.thislife.org.
我们的电子邮件地址，[email protected]，您可以在我们的网站 www.thislife.org 上免费收听我们的大部分节目。
Don't forget the special maps you'll find on the site this week.
不要忘记本周您将在网站上找到的特殊地图。
Thanks to Elizabeth Meister who does the site for us for free.
感谢 Elizabeth Meister 免费为我们建立了这个网站。
This American Life is distributed by Public Radio International.
《美国生活》由国际公共广播电台发行。
[FUNDING CREDITS] WBEZ management oversight by Torey Malatia.
[资金来源] WBEZ 管理由 Torey Malatia 监督。
Does management oversight require the electronic nose?
管理监督需要电子鼻吗？
I'm Ira Glass, back next week with more stories of This American Life .
我是艾拉·格拉斯，下周回来，带来更多《美国生活》的故事。
Does Torey Malatia have the electronic nose?
托里·马拉蒂亚有电子鼻吗？
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。