107: Trail of Tears - This American Life
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00:00 00:00 Transcript Share This American Life Life Partners How to Listen Episodes Recommended About Overview Staff Announcements Fellowships Jobs Music Make Radio On The Road FAQ Submissions Merch Contact Us Our Other Shows Merch Follow Us Life Partners Subscribe to our newsletter Full episode Toggle Audio and Transcript Sync Transcript | Episode #107 | June 27, 2003 107: Trail of Tears Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard.
00:00 00:00 文字记录 分享此 美国生活 生活伙伴 如何收听 剧集 推荐 关于 概述 员工公告 奖学金 工作 音乐 在路上制作电台 常见问题解答 提交 商品 联系我们 我们的其他节目 商品 关注我们 生活伙伴 订阅我们的时事通讯 整集 切换音频和文字记录同步 文字记录 | 内容第 107 集 | 2003 年 6 月 27 日 107：泪痕 注：《美国生活》是为耳朵而制作的，旨在让人们听到。
If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page.
如果可以的话，我们强烈建议您收听音频，其中包括页面上没有的情感和重点。
Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors.
文字记录是使用语音识别软件和人工转录员结合生成的，可能包含错误。
Please check the corresponding audio before quoting in print.
请在印刷版引用前检查相应的音频。
Prologue Ira Glass What's history good for anyway?
序言 Ira Glass 历史到底有什么用处？
A couple of years ago I went with a group of Chicago eighth-graders on their class trip to Washington DC.
几年前，我和一群芝加哥八年级学生一起去华盛顿特区进行班级旅行。
And their teacher, Mr. Perlstein had all these ambitious plans for the trip.
他们的老师珀尔斯坦先生为这次旅行制定了所有这些雄心勃勃的计划。
And one of the most ambitious involved us going up to the top of the steps at the Lincoln Memorial.
最雄心勃勃的计划之一是我们登上林肯纪念堂的台阶。
And we had brought with us this boom box, this massive boom box, like, 20 D cells in this thing, just for this moment at the top of the stairs.
我们带来了这个音箱，这个巨大的音箱，里面有 20 个 D 单元，就为了在楼梯顶上的这一刻。
And Mr. Perlstein had to get special permits from the US Park police just for this one moment.
为了这一刻，珀尔斯坦先生必须获得美国公园警察的特别许可。
The class was all African-American and Mexican-American kids from the west side of Chicago.
这班学生都是来自芝加哥西区的非裔美国人和墨西哥裔美国孩子。
And Mr. Perlstein had this idea that we would sit there on the stairs right near where the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King gave the "I Have a Dream" speech in 1963.
珀尔斯坦先生的想法是，我们会坐在马丁·路德·金牧师博士 1963 年发表“我有一个梦想”演讲的地方附近的楼梯上。
All right, listen up.
好吧，听着。
Dr. King spoke from the marble stairway to the right, approximately where that gentleman's walking up with the red backpack.
金博士在右边的大理石楼梯上讲话，大约就是那位绅士背着红色背包走上来的地方。
Look out into the distance, you can see, first, the reflection pool.
向远处眺望，首先映入眼帘的是倒影池。
Do you remember the picture I showed you of people standing in the trees?
你还记得我给你看的那张人们站在树上的照片吗？
Those are the trees over there on the left.
那些是左边的树。
Remember, they were up in the trees with the signs?
还记得吗，他们在树上挂着标志？
Mr. Perlstein talked for a while, trying to evoke that day of 1963.
珀尔斯坦先生讲了一会儿，试图回忆起 1963 年的那一天。
A cassette of Dr. King was queued up in the boom box.
一盘《金博士》的录音带在音箱里排队。
Sit back.
坐下来。
Transport yourself into the past.
将自己带入过去。
(SUBJECT) MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.
（主题）小马丁·路德·金。我有一个梦想，有一天，在阿拉巴马州，那里有恶毒的种族主义者，州长的嘴唇上滴着干预和废除的话语，有一天，就在阿拉巴马州，黑人小男孩和黑人女孩将能够与白人小男孩和白人女孩手拉手，像兄弟姐妹一样。
I have a dream today.
我今天有一个梦想。
The class listens, staring out in the distance over the reflecting pool toward the Washington Monument.
全班同学听着，凝视着远处的倒影池，眺望着华盛顿纪念碑。
A few passing tourists stop and stand and listen with us.
一些路过的游客驻足站着，和我们一起聆听。
Dr. King's voice reverberates out over the stairs.
金博士的声音在楼梯上回荡。
And, afterwards, I ask the kids about it.
之后，我向孩子们询问此事。
And it turns out you don't get to be a 14 year old, minority kid in the public schools in America without having heard the, "I Have a Dream" speech a few times.
事实证明，作为一名在美国公立学校就读的 14 岁少数民族孩子，你不可能没有听过几次“我有一个梦想”演讲。
Most of the kids were like, that speech?
大多数孩子都想，那个演讲？
Again?
再次？
It wasn't emotional or anything.
这不是情感或任何东西。
We just had to sit there and listen to it, the same old speech.
我们只需坐在那里听，同样的老演讲。
You know, I thought it was going be real moving or something like that, but it was just listening to him talk, you know?
你知道，我以为这会是真正的感人之类的，但那只是听他说话，你知道吗？
To be fair to these kids, what exactly is somebody supposed to do on the tourist sites of our own history?
为了公平地对待这些孩子，人们到底应该在我们自己历史上的旅游景点做什么？
How exactly is it supposed to touch us?
它究竟应该如何触动我们？
On our national holidays we pack up our children and we drive to Gettysburg and Williamsburg, to the Alamo and to the grassy knoll near the Dallas book depository, to the house where Richard Nixon grew up and to Al Capone's cell in Alcatraz.
在国定假日，我们收拾好孩子，开车去葛底斯堡和威廉斯堡，去阿拉莫，去达拉斯图书存放处附近的草丘，去理查德尼克松长大的房子，去阿尔卡彭在恶魔岛的牢房。
And we stand there, thousands and thousands of us, maybe even right now people standing there staring at the historic sites, trying to imagine what it was like back then, trying to absorb something, some lesson, some feeling, into ourselves.
我们站在那里，成千上万的人，甚至可能是现在的人们站在那里，凝视着历史遗迹，试图想象当时的情况，试图吸收一些东西，一些教训，一些感觉，进入我们自己。
It's not easy.
这并不容易。
Santayana said, "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." But, you know, the opposite is also true.
桑塔亚纳说：“那些不记得过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。”但是，你知道，反之亦然。
Those who can remember the past are also condemned to repeat it to their children on summer road trips.
那些能够记住过去的人也注定要在夏季公路旅行中向他们的孩子重复这段经历。
But, besides repeating it to someone else, what are you supposed to do with history?
但是，除了向别人重复它之外，你还能对历史做什么呢？
Especially history as ambiguous as that of our beloved United States of America, a history that's alternately murderous and heroic, money grubbing and idealistic.
尤其是像我们深爱的美利坚合众国这样模糊的历史，这段历史时而凶残，时而英雄，时而贪图金钱，时而理想主义。
Well, from WBEZ Chicago and Public Radio International, it's This American Life.
嗯，来自芝加哥 WBEZ 和国际公共广播电台，这就是《美国生活》。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Today, on our program, we try to make some sense out of the past.
今天，在我们的节目中，我们试图从过去中找出一些道理。
Writer Sarah Vowell and her twin sister, Amy, head out on the road to visit the site of a historic tragedy, one that involved part of their own family 160 years ago.
作家莎拉·沃威尔 (Sarah Vowell) 和她的双胞胎妹妹艾米 (Amy) 踏上旅途，前往参观 160 年前一场历史性悲剧的发生地，这场悲剧涉及到他们一家人的一部分。
Stay with us.
留在我们身边。
Sarah and Amy were born in Oklahoma, where our story ends and where it also begins.
莎拉和艾米出生在俄克拉荷马州，我们的故事在那里结束，也是开始。
They're part Cherokee.
他们有切罗基血统。
That's an important element to their story.
这是他们故事的重要元素。
We're going to be devoting our entire program today to their trek through history.
我们今天的整个节目将致力于他们的历史跋涉。
It's a story of the past and what to make of the past today.
这是一个过去的故事，也是今天如何看待过去的故事。
Being at least a little Cherokee in northeastern Oklahoma is about as rare and remarkable as being a Michael Jordan fan in Chicago.
在俄克拉荷马州东北部成为至少一个小切罗基人就像在芝加哥成为迈克尔·乔丹粉丝一样罕见和非凡。
I mean, who isn't?
我的意思是，谁不是？
I'm 1/8 Cherokee on my mother's side, about 1/16 on my father's.
我母亲的切诺基血统是 1/8，父亲的血统是 1/16。
It goes without saying that my twin sister, Amy, is too, except that I have dark eyes and dark hair and she's a blue-eyed blond.
不用说，我的双胞胎妹妹艾米也是，只不过我有黑眼睛和黑头发，而她是蓝眼睛的金发女郎。
And so our grandfather nicknamed me "Injun" and her "Swede."
所以我们的祖父给我起了个绰号“印第安人”，给她起了个“瑞典人”的绰号。
Here's Amy's take on all this.
这是艾米对这一切的看法。
I must point out that, while my sister and I don't really look alike, we sound almost exactly alike.
我必须指出，虽然我和我姐姐看起来并不相似，但我们听起来几乎一模一样。
A hint for listening to this story, I'm usually the grouchy one.
听这个故事的一个提示，我通常是那个脾气暴躁的人。
Here's Amy.
这是艾米。
I mean, those roles were assigned to us-- you know, Indian and Swede-- because of the way we looked, but it was also more like the things we were told about ourselves.
我的意思是，这些角色被分配给我们——你知道，印度人和瑞典人——因为我们的外表，但这也更像是我们被告知的关于我们自己的事情。
And she was the one who was given the Cherokee language book, and I was the one who was always told how much alike I was to our Swedish grandmother.
她是那个收到切罗基语书的人，而我是那个总是被告知我和我们的瑞典祖母有多么相似的人。
And I think I was probably six, or seven, or something before I realized that I was Cherokee too.
我想我可能六岁、七岁或者其他什么时候才意识到我也是切罗基人。
We're a little French and Scottish and English and Seminole too, typical American mutts, but the Cherokee and Swedish sides of the family were the only genealogies anyone knew anything about.
我们有一点法国血统、苏格兰血统、英国血统和塞米诺尔血统，是典型的美国杂种，但切罗基族和瑞典族是人们唯一了解的家谱。
Here's what we knew about ourselves, Ellis Island, Trail of Tears.
以下是我们对自己的了解，埃利斯岛，泪痕。
And I think, to a kid, "trail of tears," the Cherokee's forced march from the East to Oklahoma where we were born, seemed enormously more interesting, just as a name.
我认为，对于一个孩子来说，“泪痕”，切罗基人从东部强行行军到我们出生的俄克拉荷马州，似乎更有趣，就像一个名字一样。
Even the smallest children know what tears mean, and I think in my earliest understanding of where I came from, I pictured myself descended from a long line of weepers with bloodshot eyes.
即使是最小的孩子也知道眼泪意味着什么，我想，在我对自己来自哪里的最早理解中，我想象自己是一排眼睛布满血丝的哭泣者的后裔。
The Trail of Tears, between 1838 and '39 the US Army wrenched 16,000 people from their homes, rounded them up in stockades, and marched them across the country.
泪水之路，从 1838 年到 39 年间，美国陆军将 16,000 人从家园中强行带走，将他们围困在栅栏里，然后将他们押送至全国各地。
4,000 died.
4,000 人死亡。
Every summer when we were children, our parents would drive us to a place about half an hour from where we lived called Tsa-La-Gi, which is the Cherokee word for Cherokee.
当我们还是孩子的时候，每年夏天，父母都会开车送我们去一个距离我们住处大约半小时车程的地方，名叫 Tsa-La-Gi，这是切罗基语中切罗基人的意思。
Tsa-La-Gi is the tribe's cultural center.
Tsa-La-Gi 是该部落的文化中心。
There's a re-created colonial village, a museum, and-- this was our favorite part-- an amphitheater which staged a dramatic re-creation of the Trail of Tears.
这里有一个重建的殖民村庄、一个博物馆，还有——这是我们最喜欢的部分——一个露天剧场，上演了戏剧性的泪痕重现。
Every summer we watched Chief John Ross try like mad to save the Cherokee land back east.
每年夏天，我们都会看到约翰·罗斯酋长疯狂地试图拯救东部切罗基人的土地。
We saw his hot-head rival, Stand Watie, rage off to the civil war.
我们看到他头脑发热的对手斯坦德·瓦蒂（Stand Watie）愤怒地发动内战。
We especially loved the Death of the Phoenix, a noisy, magenta-lit interpretive dance in which the mythic bird would die only to rise again.
我们特别喜欢《凤凰之死》，这是一种喧闹、洋红色的诠释性舞蹈，其中神话中的鸟死后又会复活。
We would get these programs, or brochures, and Sarah was kind of in charge of them.
我们会得到这些项目或小册子，莎拉负责这些项目。
And sometimes she'd let me look at them.
有时她会让我看它们。
She had a whole little file, and we would look through them.
她有一整套小档案，我们会翻阅它们。
And I did take it to heart.
我确实把它记在心里。
It was a story that was really tragic.
这是一个非常悲惨的故事。
I have a sort of reverent feeling towards it, and I think it's because of this play.
我对它有一种敬畏的感觉，我想这是因为这部剧。
Because this play was so serious and told such a detailed story, that it kind of took this place of significance, like it was really important and it really mattered.
因为这部剧是如此严肃，讲述了如此详细的故事，所以它占据了如此重要的地位，就像它真的很重要，真的很重要一样。
Here's the measure of how important the amphitheater show was to Amy and me.
这是衡量圆形剧场表演对艾米和我有多重要的衡量标准。
Our father and our grandfather used to show us photographs of Cherokee leaders in books, but, even now, when I imagine Stand Watie, I picture the actor at Tsa-La-Gi.
我们的父亲和祖父过去常常在书中给我们展示切罗基领导人的照片，但即使是现在，当我想象斯坦·瓦蒂时，我也会想象这位演员在 Tsa-La-Gi 的情景。
So all my life I knew I wouldn't exist but for the Trail of Tears, and it struck me as a little silly that most of the things I knew about it were based on an amphitheater drama I haven't seen for nearly 20 years.
所以我一生都知道，如果没有《泪之轨迹》，我就不会存在。我觉得我所知道的关于它的大部分内容都是基于一部我已经近 20 年没看过的圆形剧场戏剧，这让我觉得有点愚蠢。
At first, I thought I'd read some books about it, which I did.
起初，我以为我读过一些关于它的书，我确实读了。
But then I wanted to see it, feel it, know how long a trek it was.
但后来我想看看它，感受它，知道这是一次多么漫长的跋涉。
I wanted it to be real.
我希望它是真实的。
I enlisted Amy.
我招募了艾米。
Perhaps she'd like to do all the driving?
也许她愿意承担所有的驾驶工作？
A historical tragedy and five 14-hour days behind the wheel?
一场历史悲剧和五天 14 小时的驾驶？
Who could pass that up?
谁能把它传递出去？
And so I fly from Chicago, she from Montana.
我从芝加哥起飞，她从蒙大拿州起飞。
And one spring morning we find ourselves in a rental car on our way to northwestern Georgia, the homeland of the Cherokee before they were shoved out to Oklahoma, the place the Trail of Tears begins.
一个春天的早晨，我们发现自己乘坐一辆租来的汽车前往佐治亚州西北部，那里是切罗基人的故乡，后来他们被赶到俄克拉荷马州，泪水之路的起点。
The Cherokee territory once encompassed most of present-day Tennessee and Kentucky as well as parts of Alabama, Georgia, Virginia, and the Carolinas.
切罗基人的领土曾经包括现在田纳西州和肯塔基州的大部分地区，以及阿拉巴马州、佐治亚州、弗吉尼亚州和卡罗来纳州的部分地区。
Even before contact with the Europeans in 1540, they were a proto-democratic society.
甚至在 1540 年与欧洲人接触之前，他们就是一个原始民主社会。
They built these enormous council houses, big enough to fit the entire tribe inside, so everyone could participate in tribal decisions.
他们建造了这些巨大的议会大厦，大到足以容纳整个部落，这样每个人都可以参与部落的决策。
We're barely on the road an hour when we spot them, Injuns.
我们刚上路一个小时就发现了他们，印第安人。
Ceramic ones, three feet tall, at a shack on the side of the road.
陶瓷的，三英尺高，在路边的一个小屋里。
Amy drives past them.
艾米开车经过他们。
We do a double take, and we don't even discuss whether or not to stop, she just backs up immediately and parks.
我们再三考虑，甚至没有讨论是否要停车，她只是立即倒车并停车。
From Texas?
来自德克萨斯州？
And what brought you to Calhoun, Georgia?
是什么让您来到佐治亚州卡尔霍恩？
The work.
工作。
Sarah Vowell The eight little Indians he's selling are of the kitschy, teepee-toting, Plains Indian, squaws and braves variety, which are probably a lot easier to sell than the stereotypical image of a Cherokee.
莎拉·沃威尔（Sarah Vowell） 他出售的八个小印第安人是俗气的、带着圆锥形帐篷的、平原印第安人、女人和勇敢的品种，这可能比切诺基人的刻板形象更容易出售。
A tired out old woman tromping through the Trail of Tears in rags, who wants that as a lawn ornament?
一个疲惫不堪的老妇人衣衫褴褛地走过泪痕，谁愿意把它当草坪装饰品呢？
Who buys these statues, these Indian statues?
谁购买这些雕像，这些印度雕像？
People here from Calhoun, around Georgia.
来自佐治亚州周边卡尔霍恩的人们。
People here around Georgia love Indians.
佐治亚州周围的人们都喜欢印第安人。
Well, after they got rid of them?
那么，在他们摆脱它们之后呢？
[LAUGHS]
[笑]
[LAUGHTER] Man You're telling the truth there.
[笑声] 伙计，你说的是实话。
The Cherokee, especially the mixed bloods, were always your nerdy, overachiever, bookish, sort of tribe.
切罗基人，尤其是混血儿，总是属于书呆子、成绩优异、书生气十足的部落。
And, in the early 19th century, they launched a series of initiatives directly imitating the new American republic.
而且，在19世纪初，他们发起了一系列直接模仿新美利坚共和国的举措。
In one decade, they created a written language, started a free press, ratified a constitution, and founded a capital city.
在十年内，他们创造了一种书面语言，开始了新闻自由，批准了一部宪法，并建立了一座首都。
New Echota was that capital.
New Echota 就是那个首都。
Now it stands in the middle of nowhere, a Georgia state park with a handful of buildings across from a golf course.
现在它矗立在佐治亚州的一个州立公园的荒无人烟的地方，高尔夫球场对面有几座建筑物。
New Echota was founded in 1825.
New Echota 成立于 1825 年。
To call it the Cherokee version of Washington DC is entirely applicable, given the form of government the tribe established there.
考虑到部落在那里建立的政府形式，称其为切罗基版的华盛顿特区是完全合适的。
They ratified a constitution based on that of the United States, dividing into legislative, judicial, and executive branches.
他们批准了一部以美国宪法为基础的宪法，分为立法、司法和行政部门。
Its preamble begins, "We, the Representatives of the people of the Cherokee Nation in Convention assembled, in order to establish justice, ensure tranquility, promote our common welfare, and secure to ourselves and to our posterity the blessings of liberty."
它的序言是这样开始的：“我们，切罗基民族人民代表，在大会上聚集在一起，是为了伸张正义，确保安宁，促进我们的共同福祉，并确保我们自己和我们的子孙后代获得自由的祝福。”
Unlike Washington, New Echota is cool and quiet and green.
与华盛顿不同，新埃科塔凉爽、安静、绿色。
Site manager, David Gomez, showed us around the grounds.
现场经理大卫·戈麦斯带我们参观了场地。
And Amy and I were unprepared for the loveliness of the place, for its calm lushness, its fragrance.
艾米和我对这个地方的美丽、它平静的郁郁葱葱和它的芬芳感到措手不及。
Everywhere, honeysuckle was in bloom.
到处都盛开着金银花。
I like it here.
我喜欢这里。
David Gomez It's nice.
大卫·戈麦斯 很好。
It's peaceful and it's right.
这是和平的，也是正确的。
The atmosphere is right for what was going on in the story that we tell here, you know?
这种气氛很适合我们在这里讲述的故事，你知道吗？
It's a story that's sad in a lot of ways, but there was a lot of great things happening with the Cherokee Nation.
这是一个在很多方面都很悲伤的故事，但切罗基民族也发生了很多伟大的事情。
The Cherokee, along with the other Southeastern tribes who suffered removal to Oklahoma-- the Chickasaw, the Creek, the Chocktaw, the Seminole, are one of the, so-called, five civilized tribes.
切罗基人，以及其他被迁移到俄克拉荷马州的东南部部落——奇卡索人、克里克人、乔克托人、塞米诺尔人，都是所谓的五个文明部落之一。
It was in 1822 that the Cherokee hero, Sequoyah, developed an alphabet, inventing the sole written language of any North American tribe.
1822 年，切罗基英雄 Sequoyah 发明了字母表，发明了北美部落唯一的书面语言。
Only six years later Cherokee editor, Elias Boudinot, founded The Cherokee Phoenix, a bilingual English-Cherokee newspaper published at New Echota.
仅六年后，切罗基编辑埃利亚斯·布迪诺 (Elias Boudinot) 创办了《切罗基凤凰》，这是一份在 New Echota 出版的英切罗基双语报纸。
Many Cherokee, especially the mixed bloods, practice Christianity.
许多切罗基人，尤其是混血儿，信奉基督教。
And, because many of these lived as civilized Southern gentleman of the early 19th century, they owned prospering plantations, which meant they owned black slaves.
而且，由于其中许多人生活在 19 世纪初文明的南方绅士中，他们拥有繁荣的种植园，这意味着他们拥有黑人奴隶。
More than any other Native American tribe, the Cherokees adopted the religious, cultural, and political ideals of the United States, partly as a means to self-preservation.
切罗基人比任何其他美洲原住民部落都更接受美国的宗教、文化和政治理想，部分原因是为了自我保护。
By becoming more like the Americans, they hoped to co-exist with this new nation that was growing up around them.
通过变得更像美国人，他们希望与这个在他们周围成长的新国家共存。
They weren't allowed to.
他们不被允许这样做。
Georgia settlers wanted their land and their gold, which was discovered near New Echota in 1829.
乔治亚州的定居者想要他们的土地和黄金，这些黄金是 1829 年在新埃科塔附近发现的。
They were really progressing so fast at this time period.
他们这个时期的进步，真的是太快了。
The printing operation was going with their newspaper here.
他们的报纸在这里进行印刷工作。
Things were moving so fast forward and for a short while here that it looked very promising.
事情进展得如此之快，而且只持续了很短一段时间，看起来非常有希望。
But because of gold and the big demand for land, the fate had already been really sealed for them in earlier years.
但因为黄金和对土地的巨大需求，早些年他们的命运就已经注定了。
The tribe allowed Christian missionaries to live and work among them and to teach their children English.
该部落允许基督教传教士在他们中间生活和工作，并教他们的孩子英语。
The most beloved of these was the Presbyterian, Samuel Worcester, who built a two-story house at New Echota which functioned as a post office, school and rooming house.
其中最受欢迎的是长老会教徒塞缪尔·伍斯特，他在新埃科塔建造了一座两层楼的房子，用作邮局、学校和宿舍。
It's still there, and David Gomez walks us through.
它仍然在那里，大卫·戈麦斯带我们走过。
All right, we've got some steep steps here.
好吧，我们这里有一些陡峭的台阶。
You all hold on when you go down.
当你倒下的时候，大家都要坚持下去。
I don't want you all to have a broken leg on the rest of your trip.
我不希望你们在接下来的旅程中都摔断腿。
The state of Georgia, which of all the Southern states treated the Cherokee with the most hostility, passed a number of alarming laws in the 1820s and '30s undermining the sovereignty of the nation.
乔治亚州是南方所有州中对待切罗基人最敌视的州，它在 1820 年代和 30 年代通过了一系列令人震惊的法律，损害了国家主权。
One of these laws required white settlers within the boundaries of the nation to obtain a permit from the state of Georgia.
其中一项法律要求国家境内的白人定居者获得佐治亚州的许可。
Samuel Worcester refused to apply for such a permit, arguing that he had the permission of the Cherokee to live on their lands and that should suffice.
塞缪尔·伍斯特拒绝申请此类许可证，认为他已获得切罗基人的许可，可以在他们的土地上生活，这就足够了。
Georgia arrested Worcester and imprisoned him for four years.
佐治亚州逮捕了伍斯特并监禁了他四年。
Worcester appealed to the Supreme Court, and the case, Worcester v.
伍斯特向最高法院提出上诉，案件为“伍斯特诉”。
Georgia, became a great victory for the tribe.
格鲁吉亚，成为部落的伟大胜利。
The Court, under Chief Justice John Marshall, ruled that the Cherokee Nation was just that, a sovereign nation within the borders of the US and, therefore, beholden only to the Federal government, i.e., not under the jurisdiction of Georgia state laws.
在首席大法官约翰·马歇尔的领导下，法院裁定切罗基族只是美国境内的一个主权国家，因此只受联邦政府管辖，即不受佐治亚州法律的管辖。
And the Cherokee nation was elated, you know.
你知道，切罗基民族很高兴。
They thought, all right, the highest court in the land of the United States, this government that we're trying to copy, they've ruled in our favor.
他们认为，好吧，美国土地上的最高法院，我们试图效仿的这个政府，他们做出了对我们有利的裁决。
This is going to be good.
这会很好。
But, of course, Andrew Jackson, who was pro-removal-- from the early years, he had campaigned on that issue-- decided he wasn't going to back the Supreme Court ruling.
但是，当然，支持驱逐的安德鲁·杰克逊（Andrew Jackson）从早年开始就这个问题进行竞选活动，他决定不支持最高法院的裁决。
On hearing of the ruling, the President is said to have replied, "John Marshall has made his ruling, now let him enforce it." Think about that, what that means, a breakdown of the balance of power in such boasting, dictatorial terms.
据说总统在听到裁决后回答说：“约翰·马歇尔已经做出了裁决，现在让他执行吧。”想想看，这意味着什么，以如此自夸、独裁的方式打破权力平衡。
Jackson is violating his own oath of office to uphold the Constitution.
杰克逊违反了他自己维护宪法的就职誓言。
In the 20th century, when people bandy about the idea of impeachment for presidents who fib about extramarital dalliances, it's worth remembering what a truly impeachable offense looks like.
在 20 世纪，当人们热衷于弹劾因婚外情撒谎的总统时，值得记住真正可弹劾的罪行是什么样的。
It didn't happen, of course.
当然，这并没有发生。
I refer you to the face on the $20 bill.
我建议你看看 20 美元钞票上的头像。
Anyway, the state of Georgia was thrilled when Jackson thumbed his nose at the Court, and immediately dispatched teams to survey the Cherokee lands for a land lottery.
不管怎样，当杰克逊对法院嗤之以鼻时，佐治亚州感到非常兴奋，并立即派出团队调查切罗基人的土地以进行土地抽签。
Soon, white settlers arrived here.
不久，白人定居者抵达这里。
They show up two years later in 1834-- you know, with a land lottery deed and with the Georgia soldiers saying, "I've got this land from the lottery.
两年后，也就是 1834 年，他们出现了——你知道，带着一份土地抽签契约，佐治亚州士兵说：“我从抽签中得到了这块土地。
Get off of it."
摆脱它。”
One small constitutional violation that was part of the land grab, Georgia seized the Cherokee printing press so they couldn't publicize their cause and win political support in states up north.
作为掠夺土地的一部分，佐治亚州扣押了切罗基印刷机，这是一项小小的违反宪法的行为，这样他们就无法宣传他们的事业并赢得北部各州的政治支持。
The tribe was divided about what to do-- stay and fight, or demand cash for the land and head west.
部落对于该做什么存在分歧——留下来战斗，还是向西索取土地的现金。
No one exploited this split more than Andrew Jackson, and no one annoyed Jackson like principal chief, John Ross.
没有人比安德鲁·杰克逊（Andrew Jackson）更能利用这种分裂，也没有人像首席酋长约翰·罗斯（John Ross）那样惹恼杰克逊。
Ross was a Jeffersonian figure in almost every sense, a founding father of the Cherokee nation in its modern legal form.
罗斯几乎在所有意义上都是杰斐逊式的人物，是现代法律形式的切罗基民族的创始人。
It was Ross who cribbed from Jefferson in writing the Cherokee Constitution.
罗斯抄袭了杰斐逊的著作，撰写了切罗基宪法。
Like Jefferson, he preached liberty while owning slaves.
和杰斐逊一样，他在拥有奴隶的同时宣扬自由。
An educated, gentleman planter, Ross was only 1/8 Cherokee, just 1/8, even I'm more Cherokee than that.
罗斯是一位受过教育、绅士的种植园主，他只有 1/8 切罗基血统，只有 1/8，甚至我也比那更切罗基血统。
But he was their Chief from 1827 to 1866.
但从 1827 年到 1866 年，他一直是他们的酋长。
In his later years, he corresponded with Abraham Lincoln.
晚年，他与亚伯拉罕·林肯通信。
In his early years, he was such a believer in the inherent justice of the American system that he lobbied relentlessly in Washington DC, believing that once the Congress and the President understood that the Cherokee were a virtuous, sibling republic, that they'd treat the tribe fairly, as equals.
早年，他坚信美国制度固有的正义性，以至于他在华盛顿特区进行了不懈的游说，相信一旦国会和总统了解切罗基人是一个善良的兄弟共和国，他们就会公平、平等地对待这个部落。
Once the state of Georgia began evicting the Cherokee and John Ross among them, Ross wrote, "Treated like dogs, we find ourselves fugitives, vagrants, and strangers in our own country."
当佐治亚州开始驱逐切罗基人和约翰·罗斯时，罗斯写道：“我们像狗一样对待，发现自己在自己的国家成为逃亡者、流浪者和陌生人。”
The vast majority of the tribe wanted to stay put and supported Ross.
部落的绝大多数人都想留在原地并支持罗斯。
But around 100 men-- including Phoenix editor Elias Boudinot and his brother Stand Watie, 100 in a tribe of 16,000-- met at Boudinot's house in New Echota and signed a treaty with the US government.
但大约 100 名男子——包括《凤凰报》编辑埃利亚斯·布迪诺 (Elias Boudinot) 和他的兄弟斯坦德·瓦蒂 (Stand Watie)（16,000 人的部落中有 100 人）在布迪诺位于新埃乔塔的家中会面，并与美国政府签署了一项条约。
They had no authority to do this.
他们无权这样做。
Called the Treaty of New Echota, it relinquished all Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi in exchange for land in the West.
它被称为《新埃科塔条约》，放弃了密西西比河以东的所有切罗基人土地，以换取西部的土地。
They figured, Georgia was already seizing Cherokee land, this might be the only way the Cherokee could get something for it.
他们认为，佐治亚州已经夺取了切罗基人的土地，这可能是切罗基人能够从中得到一些东西的唯一途径。
John Ross, whom the Georgia militia arrested so that he could not protest, was stunned.
乔治亚州民兵逮捕了约翰·罗斯，让他无法抗议，他惊呆了。
He accused the treaty party of treason.
他指责条约方叛国。
The rest of the 16,000 Cherokee signed a petition calling the treaty invalid and illegal.
其余 16,000 名切罗基人签署了一份请愿书，称该条约无效且非法。
Congress ratified the treaty by only one vote, despite impassioned pleas on behalf of the Cherokee by Senators Henry Clay and Davy Crockett.
尽管参议员亨利·克莱 (Henry Clay) 和戴维·克罗克特 (Davy Crockett) 代表切罗基人提出了热情的请求，但国会仅以一票之差批准了该条约。
The tribe was given three years to remove themselves to the West.
该部落被给予三年的时间迁移到西方。
Now we're standing at the site of Elias Boudinot's house, where the infamous New Echota treaty was signed.
现在我们站在埃利亚斯·布迪诺 (Elias Boudinot) 的故居所在地，臭名昭著的《新埃科塔条约》就是在这里签署的。
Yeah, well, the spring of '38 rolled around about like right now, and nobody was going anywhere.
是的，好吧，38 年的春天就像现在一样过去了，没有人去任何地方。
So Georgia and the Federal government thought they were going to have some problems.
因此佐治亚州和联邦政府认为他们将会遇到一些问题。
And you had about 7,000 troops come in to forcibly remove the Cherokees from their farms, from their houses.
大约有 7,000 名士兵进来，强行将切罗基人从他们的农场和房屋中驱逐出去。
And initially rounded up into what were known as forts or stockades, and then moved up into eastern Tennessee and northeastern Alabama to three immigration depots, where they were then transferred and then moved out on the Trail of Tears as everybody knows it.
最初被围困在所谓的堡垒或栅栏里，然后转移到田纳西州东部和阿拉巴马州东北部的三个移民站，然后他们被转移到那里，然后沿着众所周知的泪水之路迁出。
So, technically, this is the starting point for the Trail of Tears.
所以，从技术上讲，这是泪痕的起点。
For the individual Cherokees, it really started at their front door or wherever they were rounded up from, though.
不过，对于切罗基人来说，这实际上是从他们的前门或他们被围捕的任何地方开始的。
Amy and I want to step on it, this patch of grass where the treaty was signed, but we hesitate.
我和艾米想踏上这片签订条约的草地，但我们犹豫了。
"It's not a grave," Gomez tells us.
“这不是坟墓，”戈麦斯告诉我们。
But that's what it feels like.
但这就是感觉。
We tiptoe onto it, this profane ground.
我们蹑手蹑脚地踏上这片亵渎的土地。
And then we tiptoe away.
然后我们蹑手蹑脚地走开。
Perhaps we should be embarrassed by certain discrepancies between our Trail of Tears and theirs.
也许我们应该为我们的泪痕和他们的泪痕之间的某些差异感到尴尬。
We're weak.
我们很弱。
We're decadent.
我们颓废了。
We're Americans, which means road trip history buffs one minute, amnesiacs the next.
我们是美国人，这意味着公路旅行历史前一分钟还很精彩，下一分钟就失忆了。
We want to remember, except when we want to forget.
我们想要记住，除非我们想要忘记。
We register at the Chattanooga Choo Choo, the Chattanooga Choo Choo.
我们在查塔努加 Choo Choo 登记，查塔努加 Choo Choo。
It's a hotel now.
现在是一家酒店了。
A gloriously hokey, beautifully restored Holiday Inn in which the lobby is the ornate dome of the old train station, and the rooms are turn-of-the-century rail cars parked out on the tracks.
这是一家华丽做作、经过精心修复的假日酒店，大堂是旧火车站华丽的圆顶，房间是停在铁轨上的世纪之交的火车车厢。
We're in giggles the entire night for the simple reason that the phrase "choo, choo" is completely addictive.
我们整个晚上都在咯咯地笑，原因很简单，“choo, choo”这句话完全让人上瘾。
We try to work it into every sentence.
我们尝试将其融入到每句话中。
"What should we do for dinner?
“晚饭我们该做什么？
Stay here at the Choo Choo?" We end up going out for barbecue, saying, "This is good, but I can't wait to get back to the Choo Choo." We watch The X-Files in our train car, commenting, "Is is just me, or is this show even better in the Choo Choo?" I send email from my laptop just so that I can write, "Greetings, from the Chattanooga Choo Choo," exclamation point.
留在Choo Choo吗？”我们最终出去烧烤，说：“这很好，但我迫不及待地想回到 Choo Choo。”我们在火车车厢里观看《X 档案》，评论道：“只有我一个人，还是这部剧在 Choo Choo 里更好？”我从笔记本电脑发送电子邮件，这样我就可以写下感叹号“来自查塔努加 Choo Choo 的问候”。
Number of times I just said "choo, choo," seven.
我刚刚说“咕咕”的次数有七次。
Number of choos, 14.
选择数，14。
Day two, sadly, we check out of the Choo Choo and drive across town to Ross's Landing.
第二天，遗憾的是，我们从 Choo Choo 退房，开车穿过城镇前往 Ross's Landing。
It used to be where John Ross's ferry service carried people across the Tennessee River.
这里曾经是约翰·罗斯的渡轮服务载人穿越田纳西河的地方。
But, in 1838, it was one of the starting points for the water route of the Trail of Tears.
但在 1838 年，这里成为了泪水之路水路的起点之一。
I stand on the sand and read a weathered historical marker.
我站在沙滩上，阅读一块饱经风霜的历史碑记。
"Established about 1816 by John Ross, some 370 yards east of this point.
“约翰·罗斯于 1816 年左右在此处以东约 370 码处建立。
It consisted of a ferry, warehouse and landing.
它由渡轮、仓库和码头组成。
Cherokee parties left from the landing for the West in 1838, the same year the growing community took the name Chattanooga." And I'm sure there's no connection at all between those two points.
1838 年，切罗基人从登陆处出发前往西部，同年，不断壮大的社区更名为查塔努加。”我确信这两点之间根本没有联系。
That sounds so nice.
听起来真好。
They just left for the West.
他们刚刚前往西方。
Bye-bye.
再见。
Bon voyage.
一路顺风。
I haven't mentioned that Ross's Landing also functions as Chattanooga's tourist center.
我还没有提到罗斯着陆点也是查塔努加的旅游中心。
Up the hill from the river is the gigantic Tennessee Aquarium and an IMAX theater.
河边的山上有巨大的田纳西州水族馆和 IMAX 影院。
The place is crawling with tourists.
这个地方挤满了游客。
A crowd so generic and indistinguishable from one another, they swirled around us as a single T-shirt.
一群人如此普通，彼此难以区分，他们就像一件 T 恤一样在我们周围旋转。
160 years ago, thousands of Cherokees came through this site.
160 年前，数以千计的切罗基人来到这里。
In the summer, they were forced onto boats and faced heat exhaustion in a drought that stranded them without water to drink.
夏天，他们被迫上船，因干旱而中暑，没有水喝。
In the fall, they headed west by foot, eventually trudging barefoot through blizzards.
秋天，他们步行向西行进，最终赤脚在暴风雪中艰难前行。
Either way, they died of starvation, dysentery, diarrhea and fatigue.
不管怎样，他们都是死于饥饿、痢疾、腹泻和疲劳。
A quarter of the tribe was gone.
部落四分之一的人都消失了。
And here, in the shadow of the aquarium, the Trail of Tears is remembered by a series of quotations from disgruntled Native Americans carved into a concrete plaza.
在这里，在水族馆的阴影下，混凝土广场上刻着一系列来自心怀不满的美洲原住民的名言，人们记住了泪痕。
One of the citations, from a Cherokee named Dragging Canoe, is from 1776.
其中一条引用来自一位名叫“拖独木舟”的切罗基人，出自 1776 年。
"The white men have almost surrounded us, leaving us only a little spot of ground to stand upon.
“白人几乎包围了我们，只给我们留下了一小块可以站立的地方。
And it seems to be their intention to destroy us as a nation." Good call.
他们的意图似乎是要摧毁我们这个国家。”打得好。
We're moving diagonally across the sidewalk.
我们斜着穿过人行道。
And Andrew Jackson, in 1820, "It is high time to do away with the farce of treatying with Indian tribes as separate nations." We'll step on that one.
1820 年，安德鲁·杰克逊 (Andrew Jackson) 表示，“现在是废除将印第安部落作为独立国家签订条约的闹剧的时候了。”我们会踩那一个。
These cracks in the sidewalks, they are symbolic of broken promises.
人行道上的这些裂缝象征着失信。
No, it says right here, "Some of the pavers are cracked to symbolize the broken promises made to the Indians."
不，它就在这里说，“一些铺路石破裂了，象征着对印第安人的违背承诺。”
Hm.
嗯。
Most Americans have had this experience.
大多数美国人都有过这样的经历。
Most of us can name things our country has done that we find shameful.
我们大多数人都能说出我们的国家所做过的让我们感到可耻的事情。
From the travesties everybody agrees were wrong, the Japanese internment camps or the late date of slavery's abolition, to murkier partisan arguments about legalized abortion or the Enola Gay.
从每个人都认为错误的滑稽剧、日本拘留营或废除奴隶制的较晚日期，到关于堕胎合法化或埃诺拉同性恋的更阴暗的党派争论。
World history has been a bloody business from the get-go, but the nausea we're suffering standing on the broken promises at Ross's Landing is peculiar to a democracy because, in a democracy, we're all responsible for everything our government does.
世界历史从一开始就是一件血腥的事情，但我们在罗斯码头违背承诺时所遭受的恶心是民主国家特有的，因为在民主国家，我们都要对政府所做的一切负责。
This is the letter from Ralph Waldo Emerson to President Martin Van Buren in 1838.
这是 1838 年拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生写给马丁·范布伦总统的信。
"A crime is projected that confounds our understandings by its magnitude, a crime that really deprives us as well as the Cherokee of a country.
“所预测的犯罪行为其严重程度混淆了我们的理解，这一犯罪行为真正剥夺了我们以及切罗基人的国家。
For how could we call the conspiracy that should crush these poor Indians our government, or the land that was cursed by their parting and dying imprecations, our country any more?
因为，我们怎么能把摧毁这些可怜的印第安人的阴谋称为我们的政府，或者说这片因他们离别和临死的咒语而受到诅咒的土地，还能称为我们的国家呢？
You, sir, will bring down the renowned chair in which you sit into infamy if your seal is set to this instrument of perfidy, and the name of this nation, hitherto, the sweet omen of religion and liberty, will stink to the world."
先生，如果你的印章被盖在这个背信弃义的工具上，你就会把你坐的那把臭名昭著的椅子推倒，而这个国家的名字，迄今为止，宗教和自由的甜蜜预兆，将臭名昭著。”
And the path ends with a quotation from an unknown survivor of the Trail of Tears who said, "Long time we travel on way to new land.
这条路的结尾引用了一位泪水之路的无名幸存者的话：“我们在通往新大陆的路上旅行了很长时间。
People feel bad when they leave old nation.
人们离开祖国时感觉很糟糕。
Womens cry and make sad wails.
妇女哭泣并发出悲伤的哀号。
Children, and many men, and all look sad like when friends die.
孩子们，还有许多男人，都看起来像朋友去世时一样悲伤。
But they say nothing, and just put heads down and keep on go towards west.
但他们什么也没说，只是低着头继续向西走。
Many days pass, and people die very much.
许多天过去了，人们死了很多。
We bury close by trail."
我们埋在小路附近。”
That last passage, especially the part about when friends die, bring us to tears.
最后一段，尤其是关于朋友去世的部分，让我们流泪。
And we just stand there, looking off towards the Tennessee, brokenhearted.
我们就站在那里，望着田纳西州，心碎了。
Meanwhile, there are little kids literally walking over these words, playing on them, making noise, having fun.
与此同时，有一些小孩子在这些文字上行走、玩耍、发出噪音，玩得很开心。
We sort of hate them for a second.
我们有点讨厌他们。
We ask a teacher who's with a group of fourth graders why she isn't talking to them about Cherokee history.
我们问一位和一群四年级学生在一起的老师为什么不和他们谈论切罗基的历史。
And she says normally she would, but it's the end of the school year, and this trip is their reward for being good.
她说通常她会的，但现在是学年结束了，这次旅行是他们表现出色的奖励。
It sounds reasonable.
听起来很有道理。
I ask Amy if she thinks these kids should share our sadness.
我问艾米她是否认为这些孩子应该分享我们的悲伤。
Well, I think it's a sad story.
嗯，我认为这是一个悲伤的故事。
It's like, I mean, it's sort of like the holocaust.
我的意思是，这有点像大屠杀。
You don't have to be Jewish to think that that's definitely a sad part of history.
即使你不是犹太人，也会认为这绝对是历史上悲伤的一部分。
And I think the Trail of Tears is America's version of genocide.
我认为泪痕是美国版的种族灭绝。
And, I mean, really, it started right over there.
而且，我的意思是，真的，事情就是从那里开始的。
You look like you're about to hit something.
你看上去就像要撞到什么东西一样。
[LAUGHTER] Sarah Vowell Still, I can't take my eyes off those children.
[笑声]莎拉·沃威尔 尽管如此，我还是无法将目光从那些孩子身上移开。
I envy them.
我羡慕他们。
I want to join them.
我想加入他们。
I'm an IMAX person.
我是一个 IMAX 人。
I had been to an IMAX theater just weeks before.
几周前我去过一家 IMAX 影院。
I wanted to come on this trip to get a feel for this trail that made us, but standing here at Ross's Landing, it hits me how crazy that is.
我本想参加这次旅行，感受一下这条造就我们的小径，但站在罗斯登陆点，我突然意识到这是多么疯狂。
Suddenly, the only thing I get out of it is rage.
突然之间，我唯一能摆脱的就是愤怒。
Why should we keep going?
我们为什么要继续走下去？
I don't know.
我不知道。
I don't know why.
我不知道为什么。
I don't know why we're here.
我不知道我们为什么在这里。
[LAUGHTER] Sarah Vowell I seriously don't.
[笑声]莎拉·沃威尔 我真的不这么认为。
Like, I know it's an interesting story and yes, we are always interested in our past, but sometimes I wonder what good comes of that.
就像，我知道这是一个有趣的故事，是的，我们总是对我们的过去感兴趣，但有时我想知道这样做有什么好处。
I don't think it makes me a more contented person at all.
我认为这根本没有让我成为一个更满足的人。
In fact, I think I feel really haunted by all of this, and I feel very weighed down by the pain.
事实上，我觉得我真的被这一切所困扰，我感到非常痛苦。
Part of me thinks this whole thing is a mistake.
我的一部分认为这整件事是一个错误。
And maybe I feel more knowing about it, but it's not like this is a story where the more you know, the better you'll feel.
也许我觉得自己了解得更多了，但这并不是一个你了解得越多，感觉就越好的故事。
It's just the opposite.
事实恰恰相反。
The more I learn, the worse I feel and the more hatred I feel towards this country that I still love, and therefore, the more conflicted.
我了解的越多，我对这个我仍然热爱的国家的感觉就越糟糕，就越仇恨，因此就越矛盾。
I just feel all this anger at everything.
我对一切都感到愤怒。
And we're standing next to this stupid aquarium building and talking to coast guard guys.
我们站在这座愚蠢的水族馆建筑旁边，与海岸警卫队的人员交谈。
And there are ducks around.
而且周围还有鸭子。
And now there's a calliope?
现在还有风琴？
I mean, I don't know.
我的意思是，我不知道。
Now I just feel like-- I feel worse.
现在我只是感觉——我感觉更糟了。
I feel worse.
我感觉更糟了。
There are only so many hours a human being can stomach unfocused dread.
一个人能够忍受不专心的恐惧的时间是有限的。
I was tired and confused and depressed, and I needed the kind of respite that can only come from focused resentment.
我感到疲倦、困惑和沮丧，我需要一种只能来自集中怨恨的喘息机会。
In the Trail of Tears saga, if there's one person you're allowed to hate, it's Andrew Jackson, the architect of the Indian removal policy.
在《泪之轨迹》的传奇故事中，如果有一个人可以让你憎恨的话，那就是安德鲁·杰克逊，印第安人驱逐政策的缔造者。
And since the Trail of Tears passed through Nashville anyway, we stop at his plantation, The Hermitage.
由于泪痕无论如何都要经过纳什维尔，所以我们在他的种植园艾尔米塔什停留。
Sarah Vowell and her sister entered the enemy's bedroom.
莎拉·沃威尔和她的妹妹进入了敌人的卧室。
That's in a minute from Public Radio International when our program continues.
一分钟后，国际公共广播电台将继续我们的节目。
It's This American Life .
这就是美国生活。
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Today, so close to the Fourth of July, a program about the past and what to make of the past.
今天，临近 7 月 4 日，这是一个关于过去以及如何看待过去的节目。
We continue with the story of Sarah Vowell and her sister, Amy, retracing the path of the Trail of Tears.
我们继续讲述莎拉·沃威尔和她的妹妹艾米重走泪水之路的故事。
They have just arrived at the home of the president responsible for the trail, someone they hate and intend to keep hating in a very un-public radio way, Andrew Jackson.
他们刚刚抵达负责这次追踪的总统安德鲁·杰克逊的家，他们讨厌并打算以一种非常不公开的广播方式继续讨厌这个人。
The house and museum are closed to the public when we arrive because of astonishing tornado damage.
当我们到达时，由于龙卷风造成的惊人破坏，故居和博物馆不对公众开放。
Part of me wanted to destroy Andrew Jackson and everything he represented.
我的一部分想要摧毁安德鲁·杰克逊和他所代表的一切。
Seeing all those hacked up trees made me feel like someone had beaten me to the punch.
看到那些被砍倒的树木让我感觉有人抢先一步。
God, look at it.
天哪，看看吧。
All the trees are down.
所有的树都倒下了。
Inside, there's no display mentioning Indian removal because, remarkably, there is no display about Jackson's presidency.
里面没有任何关于印第安人驱逐的展示，因为值得注意的是，没有关于杰克逊总统任期的展示。
Carolyn Brackett showed us around the house, a columned antebellum mansion that looks like a cross between Graceland and Tara.
卡罗琳·布拉克特带我们参观了这座房子，这是一座内战前的柱式宅邸，看起来像是格雷斯兰和塔拉的混合体。
Unfortunately for my spite spree, I liked Carolyn Brackett.
不幸的是，对于我的怨恨狂潮，我喜欢卡罗琳·布拉克特。
I felt bad for her.
我为她感到难过。
Like, she would point into the library and say Jackson subscribed to a lot of newspapers before his death, and I'd say, "Was one of them The Cherokee Phoenix?" She wasn't sure.
就像，她会指着图书馆说杰克逊在去世前订阅了很多报纸，我会说，“切罗基凤凰城是其中之一吗？”她不确定。
She wanted to show off the mansion's painstaking restoration.
她想炫耀这座宅邸的精心修复。
All of the rooms that have original wallpaper, all of the paper was conserved and had to be cleaned with an eraser the size of a pencil eraser.
所有的房间都有原来的壁纸，所有的纸张都被保留下来，必须用铅笔橡皮擦大小的橡皮擦清洁。
So that was quite an undertaking.
所以这是一项艰巨的任务。
The portrait of Jackson was finished nine days before his death.
杰克逊的肖像是在他去世前九天完成的。
I don't think he shows the wear and tear of his life in that portrait.
我认为他在那幅肖像中没有表现出他生活中的磨损和撕裂。
The one over the--
上面那个——
Hey.
嘿。
He looks like he's sticking his head out a car window.
他看起来就像把头伸出车窗外。
[LAUGHTER] Carolyn Brackett I guess he wasn't worrying about his hair much by then.
[笑声] 卡罗琳·布拉克特 我想他那时已经不太担心他的头发了。
Carolyn guides us past the flower garden planted by Jackson's wife, Rachel, and into the family graveyard.
卡罗琳引导我们经过杰克逊妻子雷切尔种植的花园，进入家族墓地。
There are a few piddly headstones and one Greco-Roman monstrosity with an obelisk rising from the center.
有几块小小的墓碑和一座希腊罗马式的怪物，中间有一座方尖碑。
Let me guess which one of these graves is Jackson's.
让我猜猜这些坟墓中哪一个是杰克逊的。
[LAUGHS]
[笑]
Here he is.
他在这里。
He actually had this designed for Rachel and left room for himself.
他实际上是为Rachel设计的，并为自己留了空间。
And these are other family members.
这些是其他家庭成员。
I pull a book out of my backpack, a book with the subtitle, Andrew Jackson and the Subjugation of the American Indian .
我从背包里拿出一本书，副标题是《安德鲁·杰克逊与美洲印第安人的征服》。
Carolyn and Amy exchange a worried look.
卡罗琳和艾米交换了一个担忧的眼神。
Well, so I'm standing here on Andrew Jackson's grave.
好吧，我现在就站在安德鲁·杰克逊的坟墓上。
And there is part of me, as a person of partly Cherokee descent, that wouldn't mind dancing on it.
作为一个有切罗基血统的人，我内心深处并不介意在上面跳舞。
[LAUGHS] You know?
[笑]你知道吗？
I would like to-- there's a letter that Jackson wrote about the removal of the Southeastern tribes.
我想——杰克逊写了一封关于驱逐东南部部落的信。
And-- can you hold that, Amy-- this is his opinion on the Southeastern tribes leaving their land.
而且——艾米，你能坚持吗——这是他对东南部部落离开他们的土地的看法。
"Doubtless, it will be painful to leave the graves of their fathers.
“毫无疑问，离开他们父亲的坟墓将是痛苦的。
But what do they more than our ancestors did nor than our children are doing?
但他们比我们的祖先和我们的孩子所做的更多的是什么呢？
To better their condition in an unknown land, our forefathers left all that was dear in earthly objects.
为了改善他们在这片未知土地上的生活，我们的祖先留下了尘世间所有珍贵的东西。
Our children by thousands yearly leave the land of their birth to seek new homes in distant regions."
我们的孩子每年都有数千人离开出生地到遥远的地区寻找新家。”
And then it ends, "Can it be cruel in the government, when, by events which it cannot control, the Indian is made discontent in his ancient home to purchase his lands, give him a new and extensive territory, to pay the expense of his removal, and support him a year in his new abode.
然后它结束了，“当政府无法控制的事件发生时，印第安人对他的古老家园感到不满，购买他的土地，给他一个新的广阔领土，支付他的搬迁费用，并在他的新住所供养他一年，这会是政府的残酷吗？
How many thousands of our own people would gladly embrace the opportunity of removing to the West on such conditions?"
在这样的条件下，有多少我们自己的人民会欣然接受移居西方的机会？”
I mean, there's something sort of nutty about Old Hickory in this passage.
我的意思是，这段话里有一些关于老山核桃的疯狂之处。
You know, just the fact that he just thinks-- well, to compare the removal of Indians from their land with the opportunity of his generation to just go out west.
你知道，事实是他只是想——好吧，将印第安人从他们的土地上赶走与他这一代人向西走的机会进行比较。
I mean, what do you make of that?
我的意思是，你对此有何看法？
Can you help me understand that mindset?
你能帮我理解这种心态吗？
Probably not.
可能不会。
I mean, the interesting thing about that era was that they really felt that they were preserving.
我的意思是，那个时代的有趣之处在于，他们真的觉得自己在保存。
This is how they justified it in their own minds was that they were actually having preserve it, that this was inevitable.
这就是他们在自己心中证明这一点的合理性，因为他们实际上保留了它，这是不可避免的。
It was sort of the early thought of manifest destiny, that it was inevitable that this would happen.
这是一种早期的昭昭命运思想，认为这种情况的发生是不可避免的。
Interestingly, to me, is they never seemed to think that we were going to settle the country all the way to the West, all the way to California.
对我来说有趣的是，他们似乎从来没有想到我们会在这个国家一直定居到西部，一直到加利福尼亚。
So, if they just kept moving everybody further away, they would suddenly get to a point where there wasn't going to be any settlement, which, of course, didn't happen.
因此，如果他们继续将所有人移得更远，他们就会突然达到无法达成任何解决方案的地步，当然，这并没有发生。
We drive on into Kentucky towards Hopkinsville.
我们驱车前往肯塔基州霍普金斯维尔。
When the Trail of Tears passed through southern Kentucky in December of 1838, a traveler from Maine happened upon a group of Cherokees.
1838 年 12 月，当泪水之路穿过肯塔基州南部时，一位来自缅因州的旅行者偶然遇到了一群切罗基人。
He wrote, "We found them in the forest by a roadside camped for the night under a severe fall of rain accompanied by a heavy wind.
他写道：“我们在路边的森林里发现了他们，他们在大雨和大风中露营过夜。
Canvas for a shield against the inclemency of the weather and the cold, wet ground for a resting place, after the fatigue of the day, they spent the night."
帆布是抵御恶劣天气的屏障，寒冷潮湿的地面是休息的地方，在一天的疲劳之后，他们度过了夜晚。”
"Several were then quite ill, and an aging man we were then informed was in the last struggles of death.
“当时有几个人病得很重，我们随后被告知一名老人正在与死亡做最后的挣扎。
Even aged females, apparently ready to drop into the grave, were traveling with heavy burdens attached to the back, on the sometimes frozen ground and the sometimes muddy streets with no covering for the feet except for what nature had given them.
即使是那些显然已准备好进入坟墓的老年女性，也背负着沉重的负担，走在有时结冰的地面和有时泥泞的街道上，除了大自然赋予的脚外，没有任何遮盖物。
We learned from the inhabitants on the road where the Indians passed that they buried 14 or 15 at every stopping place."
我们从印第安人经过的路上的居民那里了解到，他们在每个停靠点都埋葬了 14 或 15 个人。”
John Ross's wife died in a place like this, in winter, of pneumonia.
约翰·罗斯的妻子冬天在这样的地方死于肺炎。
She had one blanket to protect herself from the weather, and she gave it to a sick child during a sleet storm.
她有一条毯子来保护自己免受天气影响，并在雨夹雪期间把它送给了一个生病的孩子。
There's more.
还有更多。
It gets worse.
情况变得更糟。
I always knew the Cherokee owned slaves, that they owned them in the East and that they owned them in the West.
我一直都知道切罗基人拥有奴隶，他们在东部拥有奴隶，在西部也拥有奴隶。
Only in the course of this road trip did it occur to me that the slaves got to Indian territory in the same manner as their masters, on the Trail of Tears.
只是在这次公路旅行的过程中，我才想到，奴隶们和他们的主人一样，沿着泪水之路到达了印第安领土。
Can you imagine?
你能想象吗？
As if being a slave wasn't bad enough?
好像当奴隶还不够糟糕？
To be a slave to a tortured Indian made to walk halfway across the continent?
成为一个饱受折磨的印第安人的奴隶，被迫穿越半个大陆？
Day three, Hopkinsville.
第三天，霍普金斯维尔。
We stopped here because it was on the map, but pulling into town we saw signs for a Trail of Tears Memorial Park we didn't know about.
我们在这里停了下来，因为它在地图上，但进入城镇后，我们看到了我们不知道的泪迹纪念公园的标志。
It seemed like a good idea to go there.
去那里似乎是个好主意。
Good morning.
早上好。
Sarah Vowell Do you work here?
莎拉·沃威尔 你在这里工作吗？
Yes, I do.
是的，我愿意。
Sarah Vowell Mind if we bother you a second?
莎拉·沃威尔 介意我们打扰一下吗？
What you need?
你需要什么？
Sarah Vowell Can you tell me about what the origin of this place is, and why there's a park here, and how it came about?
Sarah Vowell 你能告诉我这个地方的由来吗？为什么这里有一个公园，以及它是如何产生的？
Hopkinsville was a ration stop along the way on the Trail of Tears, and the Cherokee camped here.
霍普金斯维尔是泪水之路沿途的一个口粮站，切罗基人在这里扎营。
They were here for a week or so.
他们在这里待了一周左右。
While they were here, two of their chiefs died, and they're buried up on the hillside.
当他们在这里的时候，他们的两个首领去世了，他们被埋在山坡上。
You should start here and walk up to the grave area.
你应该从这里开始，走到坟墓区。
There are three bronze plaques on each one of the posts.
每一根柱子上都有三块青铜牌匾。
The last one, just before you enter the grave area, tells you about the two chiefs, Whitepath and Flysmith.
最后一个，就在你进入坟墓区域之前，告诉你关于两位酋长的事，怀特帕斯和弗莱史密斯。
The plaque nearest the graves says that Whitepath was one of the Cherokee who fought under Andrew Jackson in 1814 at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
最靠近坟墓的牌匾上写着，怀特帕斯是 1814 年在安德鲁·杰克逊麾下参加马蹄湾战役的切罗基人之一。
Jackson even gave Whitepath a watch for his bravery.
杰克逊甚至送给怀特帕斯一块手表，以表彰他的勇敢。
In that battle, a Cherokee saved Jackson's life, which hints at the level of Jackson's betrayal of the tribe.
在那场战斗中，一名切罗基人救了杰克逊的命，这暗示了杰克逊对部落的背叛程度。
Had a Cherokee not saved his life then, Whitepath and Flysmith might not be buried here beneath our feet.
如果当时没有切罗基人救了他的命，怀特帕斯和弗莱史密斯可能不会被埋在我们脚下。
The graves are up on a little hill.
坟墓在一座小山上。
You can hear the highway down below, but still it's serene.
你可以听到下面高速公路的声音，但仍然很安静。
Up until this moment, all the graves along the trail had been metaphorical.
直到此刻，沿途的所有坟墓都是隐喻性的。
All through Tennessee Amy and I kept saying, "We're driving over graves.
在整个田纳西州，艾米和我一直说：“我们正在驶过坟墓。
We're driving over graves." But, even then, we just imagined them there, under the blacktop, off in the woods.
我们正驶过坟墓。”但即便如此，我们也只是想象他们在那里，在柏油路下，在树林里。
But here, the skeletons suddenly had faces, specific stories.
但在这里，骷髅突然有了面孔，有了具体的故事。
The graves were real.
坟墓是真实的。
It took the Cherokee about six months to walk to Oklahoma.
切罗基人花了大约六个月的时间才步行到俄克拉荷马州。
We're doing it in five days.
我们将在五天内完成。
Every 10 minutes, we cover the same amount of ground they covered in a day.
每 10 分钟，我们所行走的地面量与他们一天所行走的地面量相同。
We drive with the sun in our eyes on back roads through Kentucky.
我们在肯塔基州的小路上顶着阳光行驶。
We duck into a remote section of downstate Illinois Chicagoans fear to tread.
我们躲进了伊利诺伊州南部的一个偏远地区，芝加哥人不敢踏足。
A plaque marks the spot where thousands of Cherokee camped, unable to cross the Mississippi because of floating ice.
一块牌匾标志着数千切罗基人露营的地方，由于浮冰而无法穿越密西西比河。
We cross it in under a minute.
我们在一分钟之内就穿过了它。
I know we're going fast, but it doesn't feel fast.
我知道我们走得很快，但感觉并不快。
We plod through most of Missouri stopping at yet another Trail of Tears State Park.
我们缓慢地穿过密苏里州的大部分地区，在另一个泪水之路州立公园停留。
There's actually a name for what we're doing, it's called heritage tourism, which sounds so grand, like it's going to be one freaking epiphany after another.
我们正在做的事情实际上有一个名字，叫做遗产旅游，听起来很宏伟，就像这将是一个又一个令人惊异的顿悟。
But, after a while, we just read the signs without even getting out of the car.
但是，过了一会儿，我们甚至没有下车就只是看标志。
At the end of every day we fall into our motel beds, wrecked.
每天结束时，我们都倒在汽车旅馆的床上，心力交瘁。
Day four, in the morning, we plow through Arkansas.
第四天，早上，我们穿过阿肯色州。
We get to Fayetteville in the afternoon.
下午我们到达费耶特维尔。
We have lunch with two old roommates of mine, Brad and Leilani, who take us to a little Trail of Tears marker next to a high school parking lot.
我们和我的两个老室友布拉德和莱拉尼共进午餐，他们带我们去了高中停车场旁边的一个小泪痕标记。
That looks plaque-like, huh?
看起来像牌匾吧？
"On this site, in the summer of 1839, there camped 1,000 Cherokees, men women and children en route to their new home."
“1839 年夏天，1,000 名切罗基人在前往新家的路上露营，其中有男女老少。”
The sign's facing a semicircular arrangement of boulders.
该标志面向半圆形排列的巨石。
Anyone who's ever been to high school would recognize it immediately as the place students go to sneak cigarettes or get stoned.
任何上过高中的人都会立即认出这是学生们偷偷抽烟或吸毒的地方。
And, once again, it's striking how the two American tendencies exist side by side, to remember our past and to completely ignore it and have fun.
而且，令人惊讶的是，美国的两种倾向并存，记住我们的过去，并完全忽视它并享受乐趣。
Look at how we treat all our national holidays.
看看我们如何对待所有的国定假日。
Don't we mourn the dead on Memorial Day with volleyball and sunscreen?
难道我们不是在阵亡将士纪念日用排球和防晒霜来哀悼死者吗？
Don't we, the people, commemorate the Fourth of July by setting meat and bottle rockets on fire?
难道我们人民不是通过点燃肉和瓶子火箭来纪念七月四日吗？
Which makes a lot of sense when you remember that a phrase as weird and whimsical as "the pursuit of happiness" sits right there in the second sentence of the founding document of the country.
当你记得建国文件第二句话中的“追求幸福”这样奇怪而异想天开的短语时，这就很有意义了。
The most happiness I find on the trip is when we're in the car and I can blare the Chuck Berry tape I brought.
我在旅途中找到的最快乐的事情就是当我们在车里时，我可以播放我带来的 Chuck Berry 磁带。
We drive the trail where thousands died, and I listen to the music and think what are we supposed to do with the grisly past?
我们沿着数千人死亡的小路行驶，我一边听着音乐，一边思考我们应该如何对待可怕的过去？
I feel a righteous anger and bitterness about every historical fact of what the American nation did to the Cherokee.
对于美国民族对切罗基人所做的每一个历史事实，我都感到正义的愤怒和痛苦。
But, at the same time, I'm an entirely American creature.
但与此同时，我又是一个彻头彻尾的美国人。
I'm in love with this song and the country that gave birth to it.
我爱上了这首歌和诞生这首歌的国家。
[MUSIC PLAYING - "BACK IN THE USA" BY CHUCK BERRY]
[音乐播放 - 查克·贝瑞的《回到美国》]
Listening to "Back in the USA" while driving the Trail of Tears, I turn it over and over in my head.
一边开车行驶在泪痕之路上，一边听着《回到美国》，我在脑海里翻来覆去。
It's a good country.
这是一个好国家。
It's a bad country.
这是一个糟糕的国家。
Good country, bad country.
好国家，坏国家。
And, of course, it's both.
当然，两者都是。
When I think about my relationship with America, I feel like a battered wife.
当我想到我与美国的关系时，我感觉自己就像一个受虐待的妻子。
Yeah, he knocks me around a lot, but boy he sure can dance.
是的，他经常让我感到困惑，但他确实会跳舞。
"Welco to Oklahoma, Native America." Huh, I don't remember the signs used to say that.
“欢迎来到美国原住民俄克拉荷马州。”呃，我不记得以前有这样的标志。
Do you?
你？
No. I think, didn't they used to say, "Oklahoma's OK?"
不，我想，他们不是常说，“俄克拉荷马州还可以吗？”
Well-- Sarah Vowell I think that's about right too.
嗯——莎拉·沃威尔（Sarah Vowell）我认为这也是对的。
Eh, it's OK.
呃，没关系。
[LAUGHTER] Across the state line, we're in the Western Cherokee Nation.
[笑声] 越过州界，我们就到了西切罗基族。
And the maddening thing, the heartbreaking, cruel, sad, cold fact is that Northeastern Oklahoma looks exactly like Northwestern Georgia.
令人发狂、令人心碎、残酷、悲伤、冷酷的事实是，俄克拉荷马州东北部看起来与佐治亚州西北部一模一样。
Same old trees.
同样的老树。
Same old grassy farmland.
还是那片古老的农田。
The Cherokee walked all this way, crossed rivers, suffered blizzards, buried their dead, and all for what?
切罗基人一路走来，渡过河流，遭受暴风雪，埋葬死者，这一切都是为了什么呢？
The same old land they left.
他们离开的那片古老的土地。
We breeze through Tahlequah, the Cherokee capital.
我们轻快地穿过切罗基首府塔勒阔。
Even though the Trail of Tears officially stops there, our trail won't be over until we get to our hometown, Braggs.
尽管泪水之路正式在此停止，但我们的旅程直到我们到达家乡布拉格才结束。
It's about 20 minutes away, and we plan on spending the evening with our aunts and uncles there.
大约有20分钟的路程，我们计划在那里和叔叔阿姨们一起度过一个晚上。
Oh, hi.
哦，嗨。
Oh, it's so good to see you.
哦，很高兴见到你。
Hi, Amy.
嗨，艾米。
Hi uncle.
嗨叔叔。
I wanted to talk to my uncle, John A, my mother's brother.
我想和我的叔叔约翰 A 谈谈，他是我母亲的兄弟。
At 74, he's my oldest living relative.
他 74 岁了，是我在世最年长的亲戚。
I asked him about his great grandfather, Peter Parson, who came to Oklahoma on the Trail of Tears.
我向他询问了他的曾祖父彼得·帕森（Peter Parson）的情况，他是沿着泪水之路来到俄克拉荷马州的。
He was 12 years old, and he grew up here from 12 years old.
他今年12岁，他从12岁就在这里长大。
And he was a stone mason, and some of his work is still around Tahlequah.
他是一名石匠，他的一些作品仍然围绕塔勒阔进行。
If you're going up to the village tomorrow, you'll see two big columns.
如果你明天去村子，你会看到两根大柱子。
He built those?
他建造了那些？
John A He helped build those two columns.
约翰 A 他帮助建造了这两根柱子。
See, they built that right after they came up here.
看，他们来到这里后就建造了它。
I didn't know that.
我不知道。
The columns he's talking about, and there are actually three instead of two, are the great symbols of the Cherokee nation in the West.
他所说的柱子实际上是三根而不是两根，是西方切罗基民族的伟大象征。
For years, I've had an old photograph of them stuck on my refrigerator door.
多年来，我的冰箱门上一直贴着他们的一张旧照片。
They're all that's left of the remains of the Cherokee Female Seminary, the very first public school for girls west of the Mississippi, which my great-grandmother attended.
它们是切罗基女子神学院仅存的遗迹，这是密西西比河以西第一所女子公立学校，我的曾祖母就读于该学校。
Everything about the journey until now has been a little world-historical.
到目前为止，旅程中的一切都有点具有世界历史意义。
Hearing that our ancestor helped build the columns is the first time I felt an actual familial connection to the story.
听说我们的祖先帮助建造了这些柱子，这是我第一次感受到与这个故事有真正的家族联系。
I asked John A about our family and the Cherokee presence in Oklahoma.
我向约翰 A 询问了我们的家庭以及俄克拉荷马州切罗基人的情况。
I ask him a lot of off-topic questions about his service in World War II, mainly because I was dying to.
我问了他很多关于他在二战中服役的离题问题，主要是因为我很想问。
I was never allowed to ask him about it when I was a kid.
当我还是个孩子的时候，我从来不被允许问他这件事。
And then I asked him a mundane, reporterly question about whether he thinks the state of Oklahoma has done a good job educating its students about American Indian history.
然后我问了他一个平常的记者问题，即他是否认为俄克拉荷马州在教育学生了解美洲印第安人历史方面做得很好。
He says yes, then jumps into a non sequitur about his own education that I haven't been able to stop thinking about since.
他说是的，然后就开始不合逻辑地谈论他自己的教育，从那以后我就一直在思考这个问题。
I just wish that I could've, maybe, went to school a lot more.
我只是希望我能够，也许，去更多的学校。
Yeah, I didn't get no education, and that was one of my big faults.
是的，我没有受过教育，这是我的一大缺点。
But, when I was growing up, it took everybody to make a living, so I had to work.
但是，当我长大的时候，每个人都需要谋生，所以我必须工作。
There's Hoy, he's got a Master's Degree in Education, and I got to third grade.
霍伊，他获得了教育学硕士学位，而我读了三年级。
[LAUGHS] Did you know that?
[笑]你知道吗？
No, third grade?
不对，三年级？
John A That's all I went, to the third grade.
约翰 A：这就是我上三年级的全部经历。
Duke was about third or fourth grade.
杜克当时大约是三四年级。
We didn't get no education.
我们没有受过教育。
So what you learn you can't afford to forget, you know?
所以你学到的东西是你无法忘记的，你知道吗？
On this trip, I've been so wrapped up in all the stories of all the deaths on the Trail of Tears, sitting there listening to my uncle ask what if, I realized that there are lots of ways that lives are pummeled by history.
在这次旅行中，我沉浸在泪水之路上所有死亡的故事中，坐在那里听叔叔问如果，我意识到生活有很多方式受到历史的打击。
If the Trail of Tears is a glacier that inched its way west my uncle is one of the boulders it deposited when it stopped.
如果泪痕是一条慢慢向西移动的冰川，我叔叔就是它停止时沉积的巨石之一。
He had to work the farm, and the farm he worked was what was left of his grandfather's Indian allotment.
他必须在农场工作，而他工作的农场是他祖父在印第安人土地上剩下的土地。
And then came the Dust Bowl, and then came the war.
然后是沙尘暴，然后是战争。
All these historical forces bore down on him, but he did not break.
所有这些历史力量都向他袭来，但他没有崩溃。
Compared to him, compared to the people we descend from, I am free of history.
与他相比，与我们的后代相比，我摆脱了历史。
I'm so free of history I have to get in a car and drive seven states to find it.
我对历史如此游离，我必须开车跑遍七个州才能找到它。
It's good to know where you're from, to know where your beginning is.
知道自己从哪里来、知道自己的起点在哪里是件好事。
It really, probably, don't amount to all that much, only just to one's self, you know?
它真的，可能，并没有那么多，只是为了一个人自己，你知道吗？
It has nothing to do with you getting out here doing what you're going to do tomorrow or a week or two from now.
这与你明天或一两周后出去做什么无关。
But, at least, if you want to look back, you can look back, maybe on this trip, and say well, I was down in the area there where some of my ancestors originated from, you know?
但是，至少，如果你想回顾过去，你可以回顾一下，也许在这次旅行中，然后说，好吧，我在我的一些祖先起源的地区，你知道吗？
Day five, Tsa-La-Gi.
第五天，察拉吉。
Sarah Vowell Do you remember this, Amy?
莎拉·沃威尔 你还记得这个吗，艾米？
What?
什么？
Sarah Vowell Do you remember this?
莎拉·沃威尔 你还记得这个吗？
Those columns are a lot smaller than I remembered.
这些柱子比我记忆中的小很多。
I remember them just being these arrows into the sky, and they can't be more than, what?
我记得它们只是射向天空的箭，而且它们不能超过，什么？
20 feet tall?
20英尺高？
Oh, look.
哦，看。
Now we're at-- this is the amphitheater entrance.
现在我们在——这是圆形剧场的入口。
[SIGHS] Oh, here's where you'd get your program.
[叹气]哦，这是你获取程序的地方。
Walk up here, and there's the statue of Sequoyah.
走到这里，就有塞阔亚的雕像。
Over there's where the Phoenix would rise again.
那里是凤凰再次升起的地方。
Over there, isn't that-- oh, down there, on the right, that's where I remember Stand Watie was always throwing a fit.
那边，不是吗——哦，下面，右边，我记得斯坦·瓦蒂总是在那儿发脾气。
[LAUGHS]
[笑]
Unfortunately, due to loss of funding, the drama here at Tsa-La-Gi won't be performed this summer.
不幸的是，由于资金损失，这部在 Tsa-La-Gi 的戏剧今年夏天不会上演。
Amy and I sit in the chairs where we first learned about the Trail of Tears and talk about our trip.
艾米和我坐在我们第一次了解泪水之路的椅子上，谈论我们的旅行。
Our experiences were different.
我们的经历不同。
She minored in Native American studies in college.
她在大学辅修美洲原住民研究。
She not only owns a copy of Black Elk Speaks , she could quote from it.
她不仅拥有一本《黑麋鹿的讲话》，她还可以引用其中的内容。
And, for her, the trip was about empathy.
对她来说，这次旅行是关于同理心的。
You know, I've been pretty close to tears sometimes just thinking about the pain, or whatever, like what the kids must have been thinking.
你知道，有时候我一想到疼痛，或者别的什么，就像孩子们一定在想的那样，我就差点哭了。
When we were driving, I just kept imagining the kids saying, "Where are we going?
当我们开车时，我一直想象孩子们说：“我们要去哪里？
Where are we going?" You know, like, "What is happening?" I guess I've been thinking about what it really must have been like.
我们要去哪里？”你知道，就像“发生了什么事？”我想我一直在思考它到底是什么样子的。
I've been thinking about those kids too.
我也一直在想那些孩子。
But the person I identify with most in this history is John Ross, the principal chief during the Trail of Tears, because he was caught between the two nations.
但在这段历史中，我最认同的人是约翰·罗斯，他是泪水之路期间的主要酋长，因为他夹在两国之间。
He believed in the possibilities of the American constitution enough to make sure the Cherokee had one too.
他对美国宪法的可能性充满信心，足以确保切罗基人也拥有这样的可能性。
He believed in the liberties, the Declaration of Independence's promises, and the civil rights the constitution ensures.
他相信自由、《独立宣言》的承诺以及宪法保障的公民权利。
And, when the US betrayed not only the Cherokee but its own creed, I would guess that John Ross was not only angry, not only outraged, not only confused, I would guess that John Ross was a little brokenhearted because that's how I feel.
而且，当美国不仅背叛了切罗基人，还背叛了自己的信条时，我猜约翰·罗斯不仅生气，不仅愤怒，不仅困惑，我猜约翰·罗斯有点心碎，因为这就是我的感受。
I've been experiencing the Trail of Tears not as a Cherokee, but as an American.
我不是作为一个切罗基人，而是作为一个美国人，经历了泪水之路。
John Ridge, one of the signers of the treaty of New Echota, once prophesied, "Cherokee blood, if not destroyed, will wind its courses in beings of fair complexions, who will read that their ancestors became civilized under the frowns of misfortunes and the causes of their enemies." He was talking about people like my sister and me.
《新埃科塔条约》的签署者之一约翰·里奇曾经预言：“切罗基人的血统如果不被消灭，将会在肤色白皙的人身上蜿蜒流淌，他们会读到他们的祖先在不幸和敌人的原因下变得文明。”他正在谈论像我和我妹妹这样的人。
The story of the Trail of Tears, like the story of America, is as complicated as our Cherokee-Swedish-Scottish-English-French-Seminole family tree.
泪水之路的故事，就像美国的故事一样，就像我们的切罗基语-瑞典语-苏格兰语-英语-法语-塞米诺尔族谱一样复杂。
Just as our blood will never be pure, the Trail of Tears will never make sense.
正如我们的血液永远不会纯净一样，泪痕也永远没有意义。
Sarah Vowell, she's put a version of her story about the Trail of Tears into her book, Take the Cannoli: Stories from the New World.
莎拉·沃威尔（Sarah Vowell）将她关于泪痕的故事的一个版本写入了她的书《拿下奶油甜馅煎饼卷：来自新世界的故事》（Take the Cannoli: Stories from the New World）。
Well, our program was produced today by Julie Snyder and myself with Nancy Updike and Alix Spiegel.
嗯，我们今天的节目是由朱莉·斯奈德和我、南希·厄普代克和阿利克斯·斯皮格尔共同制作的。
Senior editor for this show, Paul Tough.
该节目的高级编辑 Paul Tough。
Contributing editors, Jack Hitt, Margy Rochlin, and Consigliere, Sarah Vowell.
特约编辑 Jack Hitt、Margy Rochlin 和顾问 Sarah Vowell。
Production help from Pat Hannah, Laura Doggit and Sylvia Lemus.
Pat Hannah、Laura Doggit 和 Sylvia Lemus 为制作提供帮助。
[ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS] Our website, www.thisamericanlife.org, where you can listen to our shows for free or buy tapes.
[鸣谢] 我们的网站 www.thisamericanlife.org，您可以在其中免费收听我们的节目或购买磁带。
Or, you know, you can download audio of our show at audible.com/thisamericanlife where they have public radio programs, bestselling books, even The New York Times all at audible.com.
或者，您知道，您可以在 audible.com/thisamericanlife 下载我们节目的音频，那里有公共广播节目、畅销书，甚至《纽约时报》都在 audible.com 上。
This American Life is distributed by Public Radio International.
《美国生活》由国际公共广播电台发行。
[FUNDING CREDITS] WBEZ management oversight by Torey Malatea, who today is hearing our program from Chattanooga and asks.
[资金来源] WBEZ 管理由 Torey Malatea 负责监督，他今天从查塔努加听到了我们的计划并提出了疑问。
Is it just me, or is this show even better in the Choo Choo?
是只有我这么觉得，还是Choo Choo这个节目更好？
I'm Ira Glass.
我是艾拉·格拉斯。
Back next week with more stories of This American Life.
下周我们将带来更多《美国生活》的故事。
This American Life is produced in collaboration with WBEZ Chicago and delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange.
《This American Life》与 WBEZ Chicago 合作制作，并由 PRX 公共广播电台传送到各电台。