Day of Affirmation -- Robert Francis Kennedy
Mr. Chancellor , Mr. Vice Chancellor , Professor Robertson , Mr. Diamond , Mr. Daniel , and Ladies and Gentlemen:
校长先生、副校长先生、罗伯逊教授、戴蒙德先生、丹尼尔先生，女士们、先生们：
I come here this evening because of my deep interest and affection for a land settled by the Dutch in the mid-seventeenth century , then taken over by the British , and at last independent; a land in which the native inhabitants were at first subdued , but relations with whom remain a problem to this day; a land which defined itself on a hostile frontier; a land which has tamed rich natural resources through the energetic application of modern technology; a land which once the importer of slaves , and now must struggle to wipe out the last traces of that former bondage.
我今天晚上来到这里，是因为我对这片在 17 世纪中叶由荷兰人定居、后来被英国人占领并最终独立的土地有着浓厚的兴趣和感情；这片土地上的原住民最初是被征服的，但与他们的关系至今仍是一个问题；位于敌对边境的土地；这片土地通过积极应用现代技术驯服了丰富的自然资源；这片土地曾经是奴隶的进口国，现在必须努力消除以前奴役的最后痕迹。
I refer , of course , to the United States of America.
当然，我指的是美利坚合众国。
But I am glad to come here -- and my wife and I and all of our party are glad to come here to South Africa , and we ’ re glad to come to Cape Town.
但我很高兴来到这里——我和我的妻子以及我们所有人都很高兴来到南非，我们很高兴来到开普敦。
I am already greatly enjoying my stay and my visit here.
我已经非常享受在这里的住宿和访问。
I am making an effort to meet and exchange views with people of all walks of life , and all segments of South African opinion , including those who represent the views of the government.
我正在努力与南非各界人士、包括代表政府观点的人士会面并交换意见。
Today I am glad to meet with the National Union of South African Students .
今天我很高兴见到南非全国学生联合会。
For a decade , NUSAS has stood and worked for the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- principles which embody the collective hopes of men of good will all around the globe.
十年来，NUSAS 一直坚持并致力于维护《世界人权宣言》的原则，这些原则体现了全球善意人士的集体希望。
Your work at home and in international student affairs has brought great credit to yourselves and to your country.
你们在国内和国际学生事务方面的工作为你们自己和你们的国家带来了巨大的荣誉。
I know the National Student Association in the United States feels a particularly close relationship with this organization.
我知道美国全国学生会与这个组织的关系特别密切。
And I wish to thank especially Mr. Ian Robertson , who first extended the invitation on behalf of NUSAS.
我要特别感谢 Ian Robertson 先生，他首先代表 NUSAS 发出邀请。
I wish to thank him for his kindness to me in inviting me.
我要感谢他对我的盛情邀请。
I am very sorry that he can not be with us here this evening.
我很遗憾他今晚不能和我们在一起。
I was happy to have had the opportunity to meet and speak with him earlier this evening.
我很高兴今晚早些时候有机会与他见面并交谈。
And I presented him with a copy of Profiles in Courage which was a book that was written by President John Kennedy and was signed to him by President Kennedy ’ s widow , Mrs. John Kennedy.
我向他赠送了一本《勇气简介》，这是一本由约翰·肯尼迪总统撰写、由肯尼迪总统的遗孀约翰·肯尼迪夫人签名的书。
This is a Day of Affirmation , a celebration of liberty.
这是肯定日，庆祝自由。
We stand here in the name of freedom.
我们以自由的名义站在这里。
At the heart of that Western freedom and democracy is the belief that the individual man , the child of God , is the touchstone of value , and all society , all groups and states exist for that person ’ s benefit.
西方自由和民主的核心是相信个人，上帝的孩子，是价值的试金石，所有社会、所有团体和国家都是为了个人的利益而存在。
Therefore , the enlargement of liberty for individual human beings must be the supreme goal and the abiding practice of any Western society.
因此，扩大个人自由必须成为任何西方社会的最高目标和持久实践。
The first element of this individual liberty is the freedom of speech: the right to express and communicate ideas , to set oneself apart from the dumb beasts of field and forest; the right to recall governments to their duties and to their obligations; above all , the right to affirm one ’ s membership and allegiance to the body politic -- to society -- to the men with whom we share our land , our heritage , and our children ’ s future.
这种个人自由的第一个要素是言论自由：表达和交流思想的权利，使自己有别于田野和森林中的沉默野兽的权利；有权召回政府履行职责和义务；最重要的是，确认个人对国家、社会、与我们共享土地、遗产和子孙未来的人的成员资格和效忠的权利。
Hand in hand with freedom of speech goes the power to be heard , to share in the decisions of government which shape men ’ s lives.
与言论自由齐头并进的是表达意见的权力，以及分享影响人们生活的政府决策的权力。
Everything that makes man ’ s life worthwhile -- family , work , education , a place to rear one ’ s children and a place to rest one ’ s head -- all this depends on the decisions of government; all can be swept away by a government which does not heed the demands of its people , and I mean all of its people.
使人的生命有价值的一切——家庭、工作、教育、抚养孩子的地方和休息的地方——所有这一切都取决于政府的决定；如果一个政府不顾人民的要求，我指的是所有人民的要求，那么一切都可能被一扫而空。
Therefore , the essential humanity of man can be protected and preserved only where government must answer -- not just to the wealthy , not just to those of a particular religion , not just to those of a particular race , but to all of the people.
因此，人类的基本人性只有在政府必须做出回应的情况下才能得到保护和保存——不仅是对富人、不仅是对特定宗教的人、不仅是对特定种族的人，而且是对所有人。
And even government by the consent of the governed , as in our own Constitution , must be limited in its power to act against its people , so that there may be no interference with the right to worship , but also no interference with the security of the home; no arbitrary imposition of pains or penalties on an ordinary citizen by officials high or low; no restriction on the freedom of men to seek education , or to seek work or opportunity of any kind , so that each man may become all that he is capable of becoming.
即使是经被统治者同意的政府，就像我们自己的宪法一样，也必须限制其针对人民采取行动的权力，这样就不会干扰礼拜的权利，也不会干扰家庭的安全；高级或低级官员不得任意对普通公民施加痛苦或惩罚；不限制人们接受教育、寻求工作或任何形式的机会的自由，以便每个人都能成为他有能力成为的人。
These -- These are the sacred rights of Western society.
这些——这些是西方社会的神圣权利。
These were the essential differences between us and Nazi Germany , as they were between Athens and Persia.
这是我们和纳粹德国之间的本质区别，就像雅典和波斯之间的本质区别一样。
They are the essence of our differences with communism today.
它们是我们今天与共产主义分歧的本质。
I am unalterably opposed to communism because it exalts the State over the individual and over the family; and because its system contains a lack of freedom of speech , of protest , of religion , and of the press , which is characteristic of a totalitarian regime.
我坚决反对共产主义，因为它把国家置于个人和家庭之上；而且因为它的制度缺乏言论、抗议、宗教和新闻自由，这是极权政权的特征。
The way of opposition to communism , however , is not to imitate its dictatorship , but to enlarge individual human freedoms.
然而，反对共产主义的方式不是模仿共产主义的独裁统治，而是扩大人类的个人自由。
There are those in every land who would label as Communist every threat to their privilege.
每个国家都有一些人会把每一个对其特权的威胁都贴上共产主义的标签。
But may I say to you as I have seen on my travels in all sections of the world , reform is not communism.
但我可以对你说，正如我在世界各地旅行中看到的那样，改革不是共产主义。
And the denial of freedom , in whatever name , only strengthens the very communism it claims to oppose.
而对自由的剥夺，无论以何种名义，都只会强化其声称反对的共产主义。
Many nations have set forth their own definitions and declarations of these principles.
许多国家都对这些原则提出了自己的定义和声明。
And there have often been wide and tragic gaps between promise and performance , ideal and reality.
承诺与绩效、理想与现实之间常常存在着巨大而悲惨的差距。
Yet the great ideals have constantly recalled us to our own duties.
然而，伟大的理想不断提醒我们履行自己的职责。
And with painful slowness , we in the United States have extended and enlarged the meaning and the practice of freedom to all of our people.
我们美国以令人痛苦的缓慢步伐向我们所有人民扩展和扩大了自由的含义和实践。
For two centuries , my own country has struggled to overcome the self-imposed handicap of prejudice and discrimination based on nationality , on social class or race -- discrimination profoundly repugnant to the theory and to the command of our Constitution.
两个世纪以来，我国一直在努力克服基于国籍、社会阶级或种族的偏见和歧视所造成的自身障碍，这种歧视与我国宪法的理论和命令极为令人反感。
Even as my father grew up in Boston , Massachusetts , signs told him: “ No Irish Need Apply.
即使我父亲在马萨诸塞州波士顿长大，标志也告诉他：“爱尔兰人无需申请。
” Two generations later President Kennedy became the first Irish Catholic , and the first Catholic , to head the nation; but how many men of ability had , before 1961 , been denied the opportunity to contribute to the nation ’ s progress because they were Catholic or because they were of Irish extraction?
两代人之后，肯尼迪总统成为第一位爱尔兰天主教徒，也是第一位领导国家的天主教徒；但在1961年之前，有多少有能力的人因为天主教徒或爱尔兰血统而被剥夺了为国家进步做出贡献的机会呢？
How many sons of Italian or Jewish or Polish parents slumbered in the slums -- untaught , unlearned , their potential lost forever to our nation and to the human race?
有多少意大利人、犹太人或波兰人的儿子沉睡在贫民窟里——没有受过教育，没有学过，我们的国家和人类永远失去了他们的潜力？
Even today , what price will we pay before we have assured full opportunity to millions of Negro Americans?
即使在今天，我们要付出什么代价才能确保数百万美国黑人享有充分的机会？
In the last five years we have done more to assure equality to our Negro citizens , and to help the deprived both white and black , than in the hundred years before that time.
在过去的五年里，我们在确保黑人公民平等以及帮助贫困的白人和黑人方面所做的工作比之前的一百年更多。
But much , much more remains to be done.
但还有很多很多工作要做。
For there are millions of Negroes untrained for the simplest of jobs , and thousands every day denied their full and equal rights under the law; and the violence of the disinherited , the insulted , the injured , looms over the streets of Harlem and of Watts and of the South Side of Chicago.
因为有数以百万计的黑人没有接受过最简单工作的培训，每天都有成千上万的黑人被剥夺了法律规定的充分和平等的权利；被剥夺继承权的人、被侮辱的人、受伤的人的暴力笼罩在哈林区、瓦茨和芝加哥南区的街道上。
But a Negro American trains now as an astronaut , one of mankind ’ s first explorers into outer space; another is the chief barrister of the United States government , and dozens sit on the benches of our court; and another , Dr. Martin Luther King , is the second man of African descent to win the Nobel Peace Prize 1 for his nonviolent efforts for social justice between all of the races.
但一名美国黑人现在正在接受宇航员培训，他是人类最早进入外太空的探险家之一。另一个是美国政府的首席大律师，我们法院的法官有几十人；另一位是马丁·路德·金博士，他是第二位获得诺贝尔和平奖的非洲裔人，因其为所有种族之间的社会正义做出的非暴力努力。
We have passed laws prohibiting -- We have passed laws prohibiting discrimination in education , in employment , in housing , but these laws alone cannot overcome the heritage of centuries -- of broken families and stunted children , and poverty and degradation and pain.
我们已经通过了法律禁止——我们已经通过了法律禁止教育、就业、住房方面的歧视，但仅靠这些法律无法克服几个世纪以来留下的遗产——破碎的家庭和发育不良的儿童，以及贫困、堕落和痛苦。
So the road toward equality of freedom is not easy , and great cost and danger march alongside all of us.
因此，通往平等自由的道路并不平坦，巨大的代价和危险与我们同行。
We are committed to peaceful and nonviolent change , and that is important to all to understand -- though change is unsettling.
我们致力于和平和非暴力的变革，这一点对于所有人来说都很重要——尽管变革令人不安。
Still , even in the turbulence of protest and struggle is greater hope for the future , as men learn to claim and achieve for themselves the rights formerly petitioned from others.
尽管如此，即使在抗议和斗争的动荡中，未来也充满了更大的希望，因为人们学会了为自己主张并实现以前从他人那里请求的权利。
And most important of all , all of the panoply of government power has been committed to the goal of equality before the law , as we are now committing ourselves to the achievement of equal of opportunity [sic] in fact.
最重要的是，所有政府权力都致力于实现法律面前人人平等的目标，正如我们现在致力于实现机会平等[原文如此]。
We must recognize the full human equality of all of our people before God , before the law , and in the councils of government.
我们必须承认我们所有的人民在上帝、法律和政府委员会面前完全平等。
We must do this , not because it is economically advantageous , although it is; not because the laws of God command it , although they do; not because people in other lands wish it so.
我们必须这样做，不是因为它在经济上有利，尽管它确实如此；并不是因为上帝的律法命令这样做，尽管它们确实如此；并不是因为其他国家的人们希望如此。
We must do it for the single and fundamental reason that it is the right thing to do.
我们这样做的唯一根本原因是，这是正确的做法。
We recognize that there are problems and obstacles before the fulfillment of these ideals in the United States , as we recognize that other nations , in Latin America and in Asia and in Africa , have their own political , economic , and social problems , their unique barriers to the elimination of injustices.
我们认识到，在美国实现这些理想之前存在着问题和障碍，正如我们认识到拉丁美洲、亚洲和非洲的其他国家也有自己的政治、经济和社会问题，以及消除不公正现象的独特障碍一样。
In some , there is concern that change will submerge the rights of a minority , particularly where that minority is of a different race than that of the majority.
在一些国家，人们担心变革会淹没少数人的权利，特别是当该少数人与多数人属于不同种族时。
We in the United States believe in the protection of minorities; we recognize the contributions that they can make and the leadership that they can provide; and we do not believe that any people -- whether majority or minority , or individual human beings -- are “ expendable ” in the cause of theory or of policy.
我们美国相信保护少数群体；我们认识到他们可以做出的贡献和他们可以提供的领导力；我们不相信任何人——无论是多数人还是少数人，还是个人——在理论或政策事业中都是“可以牺牲的”。
We recognize also that justice between men and nations is imperfect , and that humanity sometimes progresses very slowly indeed.
我们还认识到，人与国家之间的正义是不完美的，而且人类有时确实进步得非常缓慢。
All do not develop in the same manner and at the same pace.
并非所有事物都以相同的方式和速度发展。
Nations , like men , often march to the beat of different drummers , and the precise solutions of the United States can neither be dictated nor transplanted to others -- and that is not our intention.
国家就像人一样，经常按照不同的鼓手前进，美国的精确解决方案既不能强行规定，也不能移植给其他国家——这不是我们的意图。
What is important , however , is that all nations must march toward increasing freedom , toward justice for all , toward a society strong and flexible enough to meet the demands of all of its people , whatever their race , and the demands that the world of immense and dizzying change that face us all.
然而，重要的是，所有国家都必须朝着增加自由、人人享有正义、建设一个强大而灵活的社会迈进，以满足所有人民（无论其种族）的需求，以及我们所有人面临的巨大而令人眼花缭乱的变化世界的需求。
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In a few hours , the plane that brought me to this country crossed over oceans and countries which have been a crucible of human history.
几个小时内，载着我来到这个国家的飞机飞越了重洋，飞越了人类历史的严酷考验。
In minutes we traced migrations of men over thousands of years; seconds , the briefest glimpse , and we passed battlefields on which millions of men once struggled and died.
我们在几分钟之内就追踪到了数千年来人类的迁徙；几秒钟，最短暂的一瞥，我们就经过了曾经有数百万人奋斗和牺牲的战场。
We could see no national boundaries , no vast gulfs or high walls dividing people from people; only nature and the works of man -- homes and factories and farms -- everywhere reflecting Man ’ s common effort to enrich his life.
我们看不到国界、人与人之间没有巨大的鸿沟或高墙；我们看到了一切。只有自然和人类的作品——家庭、工厂和农场——到处都反映出人类为丰富自己的生活而共同努力。
Everywhere new technology and communications brings men and nations closer together , the concerns of one inevitably become the concerns of all.
无论在哪里，新技术和通讯使人们和国家更加紧密地联系在一起，一个人的关切不可避免地成为所有人的关切。
And our new closeness is stripping away the false masks , the illusion of differences which is the root of injustice and of hate and of war.
我们新的亲密关系正在剥去虚假的面具和差异的幻觉，这是不公正、仇恨和战争的根源。
Only earthbound man still clings to the dark and poisoning superstition that his world is bounded by the nearest hill , his universe ends at river shore , his common humanity is enclosed in the tight circle of those who share his town or his views and the color of his skin.
只有地球上的人仍然坚持黑暗和有毒的迷信，认为他的世界以最近的山为界，他的宇宙止于河岸，他共同的人性被封闭在那些分享他的城镇或他的观点和他的肤色的人的紧密圈子里。
It is -- It is your job , the task of young people in this world , to strip the last remnants of that ancient , cruel belief from the civilization of man.
这是——你们的工作，这个世界上年轻人的任务，就是从人类文明中剥夺古老而残酷的信仰的最后残余。
Each nation has different obstacles and different goals , shaped by the vagaries of history and of experience.
每个国家都有不同的障碍和不同的目标，这是由变幻莫测的历史和经验所塑造的。
Yet as I talk to young people around the world , I am impressed not by the diversity but by the closeness of their goals , their desires and their concerns and their hope for the future.
然而，当我与世界各地的年轻人交谈时，给我留下深刻印象的不是多样性，而是他们的目标、愿望、担忧以及对未来的希望的接近性。
There is discrimination in New York , the racial inequality of apartheid in South Africa , and serfdom in the mountains of Peru.
纽约存在歧视，南非存在种族隔离的种族不平等，秘鲁山区存在农奴制。
People starve to death in the streets of India; a former Prime Minister is summarily executed in the Congo ; intellectuals go to jail in Russia , and thousands are slaughtered in Indonesia; wealth is lavished on armaments everywhere in the world.
印度街头有人饿死；一名前总理在刚果被立即处决；俄罗斯知识分子入狱，印度尼西亚数千人被屠杀；世界各地都将财富浪费在军备上。
These are different evils , but they are the common works of man.
这些是不同的罪恶，但它们是人类的共同行为。
They reflect the imperfections of human justice , the inadequacy of human compassion , the defectiveness of our sensibility toward the sufferings of our fellows; they mark the limit of our ability to use knowledge for the well-being of our fellow human beings throughout the world.
它们反映了人类正义的不完美、人类同情心的不足以及我们对同胞苦难的敏感性的缺陷；它们标志着我们利用知识造福全世界人类福祉的能力的极限。
And therefore they call upon common qualities of conscience and indignation , a shared determination to wipe away the unnecessary sufferings of our fellow human beings at home and around the world.
因此，他们呼吁共同的良知和愤慨，共同决心消除我们国内和世界各地人类同胞不必要的痛苦。
It is these qualities which make of our youth today the only true international community.
正是这些品质使我们今天的青年成为唯一真正的国际社会。
More than this , I think that we could agree on what kind of a world we would all want to build.
不仅如此，我认为我们可以就我们想要建设的世界达成一致。
It would be a world of independent nations , moving toward international community , each of which protected and respected the basic human freedoms.
这将是一个由独立国家组成的世界，正在走向国际社会，每个国家都保护和尊重人类的基本自由。
It would be a world which demanded of each government that it accept its responsibility to insure social justice.
这将是一个要求每个政府承担确保社会正义责任的世界。
It would be a world of constantly accelerating economic progress -- not material welfare as an end in [and] of itself , but as a means to liberate the capacity of every human being to pursue his talents and to pursue his hopes.
这将是一个经济不断加速进步的世界——物质福利本身并不是目的，而是解放每个人追求自己的才能和追求自己的希望的能力的手段。
It would , in short , be a world that we would all be proud to have built.
简而言之，这将是一个我们都为建造的世界而感到自豪的世界。
Just to the north of here are lands of challenge and of opportunity , rich in natural resources -- land and minerals and people.
这里的北面是充满挑战和机遇的土地，自然资源丰富——土地、矿产和人口。
Yet they are also lands confronted by the greatest odds -- overwhelming ignorance , internal tensions and strife , and great obstacles of climate and geography.
然而，它们也是面临着最大困难的土地——压倒性的无知、内部紧张和冲突、以及气候和地理的巨大障碍。
Many of these nations , as colonies , were oppressed and were exploited.
其中许多国家作为殖民地，受到压迫和剥削。
Yet they have not estranged themselves from the broad traditions of the West; they are hoping and they are gambling their progress and their stability on the chance that we will meet our responsibilities to them to help them overcome their poverty.
然而，他们并没有疏远西方的广泛传统。他们希望并把自己的进步和稳定押在我们履行对他们的责任、帮助他们克服贫困的机会上。
In the world we would like to build , South Africa could play an outstanding role , and a role of leadership in that effort.
在我们希望建设的世界中，南非可以发挥杰出的作用，并在这一努力中发挥领导作用。
This country is without question a preeminent repository of the wealth and the knowledge and the skill of this continent.
毫无疑问，这个国家是这片大陆财富、知识和技能的卓越宝库。
Here are the greater part of Africa ’ s research scientists and steel production , most of its reservoirs of coal and of electric power.
这里聚集了非洲大部分的研究科学家和钢铁生产，以及大部分煤炭和电力储备。
Many South Africans have made major contributions to African technical development and world science.
许多南非人为非洲技术发展和世界科学做出了重大贡献。
The names of some are known wherever men seek to eliminate the ravages of tropical disease and of pestilence.
在人们寻求消除热带疾病和瘟疫破坏的地方，有些人的名字是众所周知的。
In your faculties and councils , here in this very audience , are hundreds and thousands of men and women who could transform the lives of millions for all time to come.
在你们的院系和理事会中，在这群观众中，有成百上千的男男女女，他们可以在未来永远改变数百万人的生活。
But the help and the leadership of South Africa or of the United States cannot be accepted if we , within our own country or in our relationships with others , deny individual integrity , human dignity , and the common humanity of man.
但是，如果我们在自己的国家内或在与其他国家的关系中否认个人的完整性、人类的尊严和人类的共同人性，那么南非或美国的帮助和领导就不能被接受。
If we would lead outside our own borders , if we would help those who need our assistance , if we would meet our responsibilities to mankind , we must first , all of us , demolish the borders which history has erected between men within our own nations -- barriers of race and religion , social class and ignorance.
如果我们要走出自己的国界，如果我们要帮助那些需要我们援助的人，如果我们要履行对人类的责任，我们所有人就必须首先拆除历史在我们自己国家内人与人之间建立的边界——种族和宗教、社会阶级和无知的障碍。
Our answer is the world ’ s hope: It is to rely on youth.
我们的答案是世界的希望：靠青年。
The cruelties and the obstacles of this swiftly changing planet will not yield to obsolete dogmas and outworn slogans.
这个瞬息万变的星球上的残酷和障碍不会屈服于过时的教条和过时的口号。
It cannot be moved by those who cling to a present which is already dying , who prefer the illusion of security to the excitement and danger which comes with even the most peaceful progress.
那些执着于已经消亡的现状的人是无法动摇它的，他们更喜欢安全的幻觉，而不是即使是最和平的进步所带来的兴奋和危险。
This world demands the qualities of youth; not a time of life but a state of mind , a temper of the will , a quality of the imagination , a predominance of courage over timidity , of the appetite for adventure over the life of ease -- a man like the Chancellor of this University.
这个世界需要年轻人的品质；不是生命的某个时期，而是一种心态，一种意志的锤炼，一种想象力，一种战胜胆怯的勇气，一种对安逸生活的冒险欲望——像这所大学的校长这样的人。
It is a revolutionary world that we all live in , and thus , as I have said in Latin America and in Asia and in Europe and in my own country , the United States , it is the young people who must take the lead.
我们都生活在一个革命的世界，因此，正如我在拉丁美洲、亚洲、欧洲和我自己的国家美国所说的那样，年轻人必须发挥带头作用。
Thus , you , and your young compatriots everywhere , have had thrust upon you a greater burden of responsibility than any generation that has ever lived.
因此，你们和你们世界各地的年轻同胞，比以往任何一代人都承担了更重大的责任。
“ There is , ” said an Italian philosopher , “ nothing more difficult to take in hand , more perilous to conduct , or more uncertain in its success , than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things.
一位意大利哲学家说：“没有什么比带头引入事物新秩序更难掌握、更危险、更难以成功的了。
” 3 Yet this is the measure of the task of your generation , and the road is strewn with many dangers.
3 然而，这就是你们这一代人的任务，而道路上充满了许多危险。
First , is the danger of futility: the belief there is nothing one man or one woman can do against the enormous array of the world ’ s ills -- against misery , against ignorance , or injustice and violence.
首先，是徒劳无益的危险：相信一个男人或一个女人对世界上的众多弊病——苦难、无知、不公正和暴力——无能为力。
Yet many of the world ’ s great movements , of thought and action , have flowed from the work of a single man.
然而，世界上许多伟大的思想和行动运动都源于一个人的工作。
A young monk began the Protestant Reformation , a young general extended an empire from Macedonia to the borders of the earth , and a young woman reclaimed the territory of France .
一位年轻的僧侣开始了新教改革，一位年轻的将军将帝国从马其顿延伸到了地球的边界，一位年轻的女子收复了法国的领土。
It was a young Italian explorer who discovered the New World , and 32 year-old Thomas Jefferson who proclaimed that “ all men are created equal.
发现新大陆的是年轻的意大利探险家，32岁的托马斯·杰斐逊宣称“人人生而平等”。
”
”
“ Give me a place to stand , ” said Archimedes , “ and I will move the world.
阿基米德说：“给我一个立足点，我就能撬动世界。”
” 4 These men moved the world , and so can we all.
” 4 这些人感动了世界，我们所有人也能如此。
Few will have the greatness to bend history , but each of us can work to change a small portion of the events , and then the total -- all of these acts -- will be written in the history of this generation.
很少有人有能力改变历史，但我们每个人都可以努力改变一小部分事件，然后所有这些行为的总和将被写入这一代人的历史中。
Thousands of Peace Corps volunteers are making a difference in the isolated villages and the city slums of dozens of countries.
数千名和平队志愿者正在数十个国家的偏僻村庄和城市贫民窟中发挥作用。
Thousands of unknown men and women in Europe resisted the occupation of the Nazis and many died , but all added to the ultimate strength and freedom of their countries.
欧洲有成千上万的无名男女抵抗纳粹的占领，许多人死亡，但他们都为自己国家的最终力量和自由增添了力量。
It is from numberless diverse acts of courage such as these that the belief that human history is thus shaped.
正是从无数诸如此类的不同勇气行为中，人类历史的信念才得以形成。
Each time a man stands up for an ideal , or acts to improve the lot of others , or strikes out against injustice , he sends forth a tiny ripple of hope , and crossing each other from a million different centers of energy and daring , those ripples build a current which can sweep down the mightiest walls of oppression and resistance.
每当一个人捍卫理想，或采取行动改善他人的命运，或打击不公正时，他都会发出一丝希望的涟漪，并从数百万个不同的能量和勇气中心相互交叉，这些涟漪形成一股电流，可以扫倒最强大的压迫和抵抗之墙。
“ If Athens shall appear great to you , ” said Pericles , “ consider then that her glories were purchased by valiant men , and by men who learned their duty.
伯里克利说：“如果雅典对你来说是伟大的，那么请考虑一下，她的荣耀是由勇敢的人和那些懂得自己职责的人买来的。
” 5 That is the source of all greatness in all societies , and it is the key to progress in our time.
” 5 这是所有社会一切伟大的源泉，也是我们这个时代进步的关键。
The second danger is that of expediency: of those who say that hopes and beliefs must bend before immediate necessities.
第二个危险是权宜之计：那些人说希望和信仰必须屈服于眼前的需要。
Of course , if we must act effectively we must deal with the world as it is.
当然，如果我们必须采取有效行动，我们就必须按照世界的本来面目来应对。
We must get things done.
我们必须把事情做好。
But if there was one thing that President Kennedy stood for that touched the most profound feeling of young people around the world , it was the belief that idealism , high aspirations , and deep convictions are not incompatible with the most practical and efficient of programs -- that there is no basic inconsistency between ideals and realistic possibilities , no separation between the deepest desires of heart and of mind and the rational application of human effort to human problems.
但是，如果说肯尼迪总统所代表的一件事触动了全世界年轻人最深刻的感情，那就是他相信理想主义、远大抱负和坚定信念与最实际和最有效的计划并不矛盾——理想和现实可能性之间不存在根本的不一致，内心和思想最深切的愿望与人类努力对人类问题的合理运用之间不存在分离。
It is not realistic or hardheaded to solve problems and take action unguided by ultimate moral aims and values , although we all know some who claim that it is so.
不以最终道德目标和价值观为指导来解决问题和采取行动是不现实或不冷静的，尽管我们都知道有些人声称如此。
In my judgment , it is thoughtless folly.
根据我的判断，这是一种轻率的愚蠢行为。
For it ignores the realities of human faith and of passion and of belief -- forces ultimately more powerful than all of the calculations of our economists or of our generals.
因为它忽视了人类信仰、激情和信仰的现实——这些力量最终比我们经济学家或我们将军的所有计算都更强大。
Of course to adhere to standards , to idealism , to vision in the face of immediate dangers takes great courage and takes self-confidence.
当然，面对眼前的危险，坚持标准、坚持理想主义、坚持远见需要巨大的勇气和自信。
But we also know that only those who dare to fail greatly , can ever achieve greatly.
但我们也知道，只有那些敢于经历巨大失败的人，才能取得伟大的成就。
It is this new idealism which is also , I believe , the common heritage of a generation which has learned that while efficiency can lead to the camps at Auschwitz , or the streets of Budapest , only the ideals of humanity and love can climb the hills of the Acropolis.
我相信，正是这种新的理想主义也是这一代人的共同遗产，他们认识到，虽然效率可以通向奥斯威辛集中营或布达佩斯的街道，但只有人性和爱的理想才能登上雅典卫城的山丘。
And a third danger is timidity.
第三个危险是胆怯。
Few men are willing to brave the disapproval of their fellows , the censure of their colleagues , the wrath of their society.
很少有人愿意勇敢地面对同胞的反对、同事的责难和社会的愤怒。
Moral courage is a rarer commodity than bravery in battle or great intelligence.
道德勇气比战斗中的勇敢或伟大的智慧更稀有。
Yet it is the one essential , vital quality for those who seek to change the world -- which yields most painfully to change.
然而，对于那些寻求改变世界的人来说，这是一项必不可少的、至关重要的品质，而它却会带来最痛苦的改变。
Aristotle tells us: “ At the Olympic games it is not the finest or the strongest men who are crowned , but those who enter the lists.
亚里士多德告诉我们：“在奥运会上加冕的不是最优秀或最强壮的人，而是那些进入名单的人。
” “ So , too , in the life of the honorable and the good it is they who act rightly who win the prize.
” “同样，在尊贵和善良的人的生活中，只有行为正确的人才能赢得奖赏。
” 6 I believe that in this generation those with the courage to enter the conflict will find themselves with companions in every corner of the world.
” 6 我相信，在这一代人中，那些有勇气参与冲突的人会发现自己在世界每个角落都有同伴。
For the fortunate amongst us , the fourth danger , my friends , is comfort , the temptation to follow the easy and familiar paths of personal ambition and financial success so grandly spread before those who have the privilege of an education.
我的朋友们，对于我们当中的幸运者来说，第四种危险是舒适，是遵循个人野心和经济成功的简单而熟悉的道路的诱惑，这种道路在那些有幸接受教育的人面前如此盛大地传播。
But that is not the road history has marked out for us.
但这并不是历史为我们指明的道路。
There is a Chinese curse which says , “ May he live in interesting times.
中国有一句咒语：“愿他生活在有趣的时代。”
” Like it or not we live in interesting times.
“不管你喜欢与否，我们生活在一个有趣的时代。
They are times of danger and uncertainty; but they are also the most creative of any time in the history of mankind.
这是一个充满危险和不确定性的时期；但它们也是人类历史上最具创造力的时代。
And everyone here will ultimately be judged , will ultimately judge himself , on the effort he has contributed to building a new world society and the extent to which his ideals and goals have shaped that effort.
这里的每个人最终都将受到评判，最终将根据他为建设新世界社会所做的努力以及他的理想和目标对这一努力的影响程度进行评判。
So we part , I to my country and you to remain.
所以我们分手了，我归我的国家，你留下。
We are , if a man of 40 can claim the privilege , fellow members of the world ’ s largest younger generation.
如果一个 40 岁的男人可以享有这种特权的话，我们就是世界上人数最多的年轻一代的成员。
Each of us have our own work to do.
我们每个人都有自己的工作要做。
I know at times you must feel very alone with your problems and with your difficulties.
我知道有时你一定会对自己的问题和困难感到非常孤独。
But I want to say how I -- impressed I am with the stand -- with what you stand for and for the effort that you are making; and I say this not just for myself , but men and women all over the world.
但我想说的是，我对这个展台印象深刻，对你们所代表的东西和你们所做的努力印象深刻；我这样说不仅是为了我自己，也是为了全世界的男人和女人。
And I hope you will often take heart from the knowledge that you are joined with your fellow young people in every land , they struggling with their problems and you with yours , but all joined in a common purpose; that , like the young people of my own country and of every country that I have visited , you are all in many ways more closely united to the brothers of your time than to the older generations in any of these nations.
我希望你们能经常因知道你们与世界各地的年轻人同胞在一起而感到振奋，他们与自己的问题作斗争，而你们也与你们的问题作斗争，但所有人都为了一个共同的目标而团结在一起；就像我自己的国家和我访问过的每个国家的年轻人一样，你们在很多方面都与你们时代的兄弟比与这些国家的老一辈更加紧密地团结在一起。
You ’ re determined to build a better future.
您决心建设更美好的未来。
President Kennedy was speaking to the young people of America , but beyond them to young people everywhere , when he said: “ the energy , the faith , the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it; and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
肯尼迪总统是在向美国的年轻人讲话，但也向世界各地的年轻人讲话，他说：“我们为这一努力所付出的精力、信念和奉献精神将照亮我们的国家和所有为之服务的人；而那火焰所发出的光芒将真正照亮世界。”
” And , he added , “ With a good conscience our only sure reward , with history the final judge of our deeds , let us go forth to lead the land we love , asking His blessing and His help , but knowing that here on earth God ’ s work must truly be our own.
”他补充道，“凭着无愧的良心，我们唯一可靠的奖赏，历史是我们行为的最终审判者，让我们前去领导我们热爱的土地，祈求他的祝福和帮助，但要知道，上帝在地球上的工作必须真正是我们自己的。
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