The Declaration of Human Rights -- Anna Eleanor Roosevelt
On the Adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
关于《世界人权宣言》的通过
delivered 9 December 1948 in Paris, France
1948 年 12 月 9 日在法国巴黎交付
[AUTHENTICITY CERTIFIED: Text version below transcribed directly from audio.
[真实性认证：以下文本版本直接从音频转录。
(2)] M r.
(2)] 先生。
President, fellow delegates:
主席、各位代表：
The long and meticulous study and debate of which this Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the product means that it reflects the composite views of the many men and governments who have contributed to its formulation.
《世界人权宣言》是经过长期、细致的研究和辩论的产物，这意味着它反映了为其制定作出贡献的许多人和政府的综合观点。
Not every man nor every government can have what he wants in a document of this kind.
并不是每个人和每个政府都能在此类文件中得到他想要的东西。
There are of course particular provisions in the Declaration before us with which we are not fully satisfied.
当然，我们面前的宣言中有一些具体规定我们并不完全满意。
I have no doubt this is true of other delegations, and it would still be true if we continued our labors over many years.
我毫不怀疑其他代表团也是如此，而且如果我们继续努力多年，情况仍然如此。
Taken as a whole the Delegation of the United States believes that this is a good document, even a great document, and we propose to give it our full support.
总的来说，美国代表团认为这是一份好文件，甚至是一份伟大的文件，我们建议给予全力支持。
The position of the United States on the various parts of the Declaration is a matter of record in the Third Committee.
美国对《宣言》各部分的立场已在第三委员会记录在案。
I shall not burden the Assembly, and particularly my colleagues of the Third Committee, with a restatement of that position here.
我不会在此重申这一立场，从而给大会、特别是第三委员会的同事们带来负担。
I should like to comment briefly on the amendments proposed by the Soviet delegation.
我想简单谈谈苏联代表团提出的修正案。
The language of these amendments has been dressed up somewhat, but the substance is the same as the amendments which were offered by the Soviet delegation in committee and rejected after exhaustive discussion.
这些修正案的语言有所修饰，但实质内容与苏联代表团在委员会中提出并经过详尽讨论后被否决的修正案是一样的。
Substantially the same amendments have been previously considered and rejected in the Human Rights Commission.
人权委员会此前已审议并否决了实质上相同的修正案。
We in the United States admire those who fight for their convictions, and the Soviet delegation has fought for their convictions.
我们美国钦佩那些为自己的信念而奋斗的人，苏联代表团也为自己的信念而奋斗。
But in the older democracies we have learned that sometimes we bow to the will of the majority.
但在较古老的民主国家，我们了解到有时我们会屈服于多数人的意志。
In doing that, we do not give up our convictions.
在此过程中，我们不会放弃我们的信念。
We continue sometimes to persuade, and eventually we may be successful.
有时我们继续说服，最终我们可能会成功。
But we know that we have to work together and we have to progress.
但我们知道我们必须共同努力，我们必须进步。
So, we believe that when we have made a good fight, and the majority is against us, it is perhaps better tactics to try to cooperate.
因此，我们相信，当我们打了一场漂亮的仗，而大多数人都反对我们时，尝试合作也许是更好的策略。
I feel bound to say that I think perhaps it is somewhat of an imposition on this Assembly to have these amendments offered again here, and I am confident that they will be rejected without debate.
我不得不说，我认为在这里再次提出这些修正案也许有点强加于大会，而且我相信这些修正案将不经辩论就被拒绝。
The first two paragraphs of the amendment to article 3 deal with the question of minorities, which committee 3 decided required further study, and has recommended, in a separate resolution, their reference to the Economic and Social Council and the Human Rights Commission.
第 3 条修正案的前两段涉及少数群体问题，第三委员会认为需要进一步研究该问题，并在另一项决议中建议将其提交给经济及社会理事会和人权委员会。
As set out in the Soviet amendment, this provision clearly states "group," and not "individual," rights.
正如苏联修正案所述，该条款明确规定了“集体”权利，而不是“个人”权利。
The Soviet amendment to article 20 is obviously a very restrictive statement of the right to freedom of opinion and expression.
苏联对第20条的修正案显然是对见解和言论自由权的非常严格的表述。
It sets up standards which would enable any state practically to deny all freedom of opinion and expression without violating the article.
它制定的标准使任何国家实际上都可以在不违反该条款的情况下剥夺所有见解和言论自由。
It introduces the terms "democratic view," "democratic systems," "democratic state," and "fascism," which we know all too well from debates in this Assembly over the past two years on warmongering and related subjects are liable to the most flagrant abuse and diverse interpretations.
它引入了“民主观点”、“民主制度”、“民主国家”和“法西斯主义”等术语，我们从过去两年大会上关于好战和相关主题的辩论中非常了解这些术语，这些术语很容易受到最公然的滥用和各种不同的解释。
The statement of the Soviet delegate here tonight is a very good case in point on this.
今晚苏联代表在这里的发言就是一个很好的例子。
The Soviet amendment of article 22 introduces new elements into the article without improving the committed text and again introduces specific reference to "discrimination." As was repeatedly pointed out in committee 3, the question of discrimination is comprehensively covered in article 2 of the Declaration, so that its restatement elsewhere is completely unnecessary and also has the effect of weakening the comprehensive principles stated in article 2.
苏联对第22条的修改在该条中引入了新的内容，但没有改进承诺的案文，并再次具体提及“歧视”。正如第三委员会一再指出的，《宣言》第二条全面涵盖了歧视问题，因此完全没有必要在其他地方重述，而且还会削弱第二条所述的全面原则。
The new article proposed by the Soviet delegation is but a restatement of State obligation, which the Soviet delegation attempted to introduce into practically every article in the Declaration.
苏联代表团提出的新条款只是对国家义务的重申，苏联代表团试图将其纳入宣言的几乎每一个条款中。
It would convert the Declaration into a document stating obligations on states, thereby changing completely its character as a statement of principles to serve as a common standard of achievement for the members of the United Nations.
它将把《宣言》转化为一份说明各国义务的文件，从而彻底改变其作为原则声明的性质，以作为联合国会员国的共同成就标准。
The Soviet proposal for deferring consideration of the Declaration to the 4th session of the Assembly requires no comment.
苏联关于推迟到大会第四届会议审议该宣言的建议无需发表评论。
An identical text was rejected in committee 3 by a vote of 6 in favor and 26 against.
相同的案文在第 3 委员会以 6 票赞成、26 票反对的结果被否决。
We are all agreed, I am sure, that the Declaration, which has been worked on with such great effort and devotion, and over such a long period of time, must be approved by this Assembly at this session.
我确信，我们都同意，经过如此长时间的努力和奉献而制定的宣言必须在本届大会上得到大会的批准。
Certain provisions of the Declaration are stated in such broad terms as to be acceptable only because of the provisions in article 30 providing for limitation on the exercise of the rights for the purpose of meeting the requirements of morality, public order, and the general welfare.
《宣言》的某些条款之所以被采用如此宽泛的措辞，只是因为第 30 条中的条款规定了为了满足道德、公共秩序和公共福利的要求而对权利的行使进行限制。
An example of this is the provision that everyone has the right to equal access to the public service in his country.
一个例子是规定每个人都有权平等地获得本国的公共服务。
The basic principle of equality and of nondiscrimination as to public employment is sound, but it cannot be accepted without limitation.
公共就业方面的平等和非歧视基本原则是合理的，但不能无限制地接受。
My government, for example, would consider that this is unquestionably subject to limitation in the interest of public order and the general welfare.
例如，我的政府会认为，为了公共秩序和公共福利的利益，这无疑会受到限制。
It would not consider that the exclusion from public employment of persons holding subversive political beliefs and not loyal to the basic principles and practices of the constitution and laws of the country would in any way infringe upon this right.
它不会认为将持有颠覆性政治信仰和不忠于国家宪法和法律的基本原则和做法的人排除在公职之外会以任何方式侵犯这一权利。
Likewise, my government has made it clear in the course of the development of the Declaration that it does not consider that the economic and social and cultural rights stated in the Declaration imply an obligation on governments to assure the enjoyment of these rights by direct governmental action.
同样，我国政府在制定《宣言》的过程中已明确表示，它并不认为《宣言》中所述的经济、社会和文化权利意味着政府有义务通过直接的政府行动确保人们享有这些权利。
This was made quite clear in the Human Rights Commission text of article 23 which served as a so-called "umbrella" article to the articles on economic and social rights.
人权委员会案文第 23 条的规定非常明确，该条是经济和社会权利条款的所谓“保护伞”条款。
We consider that the principle has not been affected by the fact that this article no longer contains a reference to the articles which follow it.
我们认为，该原则并未因本文不再包含对其后续文章的引用而受到影响。
This in no way affects our whole-hearted support for the basic principles of economic, social, and cultural rights set forth in these articles.
这丝毫不影响我们对这些条款所阐述的经济、社会、文化权利基本原则的衷心拥护。
In giving our approval to the Declaration today it is of primary importance that we keep clearly in mind the basic character of the document.
在我们今天批准该宣言时，最重要的是我们要清楚地记住该文件的基本特征。
It is not a treaty; it is not an international agreement.
它不是一个条约；而是一个条约。这不是一项国际协议。
It is not and does not purport to be a statement of law or of legal obligation.
它不是也无意成为法律或法律义务的声明。
It is a Declaration of basic principles of human rights and freedoms, to be stamped with the approval of the General Assembly by formal vote of its members, and to serve as a common standard of achievement for all peoples of all nations.
它是关于人权和自由基本原则的宣言，须经大会成员正式投票批准，并作为所有国家所有人民的共同成就标准。
We stand today at the threshold of a great event both in the life of the United Nations and in the life of mankind.
今天，我们正站在联合国和人类生活中的一件伟大事件的开端。
This Universal Declaration of Human Rights may well become the international Magna Carta of all men everywhere.
这份《世界人权宣言》很可能成为世界各地所有人的国际大宪章。
We hope its proclamation by the General Assembly will be an event comparable to the proclamation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man by the French people in 1789, the adoption of the Bill of Rights by the people of the United States, and the adoption of comparable declarations at different times in other countries.
我们希望联大的宣布能够与1789年法国人民宣布《人权宣言》、美国人民通过《权利法案》以及其他国家不同时期通过的类似宣言相媲美。
At a time when there are so many issues on which we find it difficult to reach a common basis of agreement, it is a significant fact that 58 states have found such a large measure of agreement in the complex field of human rights.
当我们发现在许多问题上难以达成共同基础时，58个国家在复杂的人权领域达成了如此大程度的一致，这是一个重要的事实。
This must be taken as testimony of our common aspiration first voiced in the Charter of the United Nations to lift men everywhere to a higher standard of life and to a greater enjoyment of freedom.
这必须被视为我们在《联合国宪章》中首先表达的共同愿望的证明，即提高世界各地的人们的生活水平并更多地享受自由。
Mans desire for peace lies behind this Declaration.
这个宣言的背后是人类对和平的渴望。
The realization that the flagrant violation of human rights by Nazi and Fascist countries sowed the seeds of the last world war has supplied the impetus for the work which brings us to the moment of achievement here today.
纳粹和法西斯国家公然侵犯人权的行为播下了上次世界大战的种子，这一认识为我们的工作提供了动力，使我们今天在这里取得了成就。
In a recent speech in Canada, Gladstone Murray said:
格莱斯顿·默里最近在加拿大的一次演讲中说：
The central fact is that man is fundamentally a moral being, that the light we have is imperfect does not matter so long as we are always trying to improve it we are equal in sharing the moral freedom that distinguishes us as men.
核心事实是，人从根本上来说是一种道德存在，只要我们总是努力改进它，我们所拥有的光明是不完美的，我们就平等地分享着我们作为人类的道德自由。
Mans status makes each individual an end in himself.
人的地位使每个人都有自己的目的。
No man is by nature simply the servant of the state or of another man the ideal and fact of freedom -- and not technology -- are the true distinguishing marks of our civilization.
没有人本质上只是国家或另一个人的仆人，自由的理想和事实——而不是技术——才是我们文明的真正区别标志。
This Declaration is based upon the spiritual fact that man must have freedom in which to develop his full stature and through common effort to raise the level of human dignity.
本宣言所依据的精神事实是，人必须拥有充分发展其地位的自由，并通过共同努力提高人类尊严的水平。
We have much to do to fully achieve and to assure the rights set forth in this Declaration.
为了充分实现和确保本宣言所规定的权利，我们还有很多工作要做。
But having them put before us with the moral backing of 58 nations will be a great step forward.
但在 58 个国家的道义支持下将它们摆在我们面前将是向前迈出的一大步。
As we here bring to fruition our labors on this Declaration of Human Rights, we must at the same time rededicate ourselves to the unfinished task which lies before us.
当我们在此实现关于本人权宣言的努力时，我们必须同时重新致力于我们面前未完成的任务。
We can now move on with new courage and inspiration to the completion of an international covenant on human rights and of measures for the implementation of human rights.
我们现在可以带着新的勇气和灵感继续前进，以完成一项国际人权公约和落实人权的措施。
In conclusion, I feel that I cannot do better than to repeat the call to action by Secretary Marshall in his opening statement to this Assembly:
最后，我认为我最好重复马歇尔国务卿在大会开幕词中发出的行动呼吁：
Let this third regular session of the General Assembly approve by an overwhelming majority the Declaration of Human Rights as a standard of conduct for all; and let us, as Members of the United Nations, conscious of our own short-comings and imperfections, join our effort in good faith to live up to this high standard.
让大会第三届常会以压倒多数批准《人权宣言》，作为所有人的行为标准；让我们作为联合国会员国，意识到我们自己的缺点和不完美，真诚地共同努力，以达到这一高标准。
Also in this database : Eleanor Roosevelt: "The Struggle for Human Rights"
此数据库中还有：埃莉诺·罗斯福：“争取人权的斗争”
Original Audio Source : fdrlibrary.marist.edu
原始音频来源：fdrlibrary.marist.edu
Original Image #1 Source : YouTube Screenshot
原始图像 #1 来源：YouTube 屏幕截图
Original #2 Source (AI Colorized) : Wikipedia
原始 #2 来源（AI 彩色）：维基百科
Page Updated : 12/26/24 U.S. Copyright Status : This text and audio = Property of A merican R hetoric.com.
页面更新日期：24 年 12 月 26 日美国版权状态：本文和音频 = American R hetoric.com 的财产。
Image #1 (Screenshot) = Fair Use.
图片#1（屏幕截图）= 合理使用。
Image #2 = Public domain.
图片#2 = 公共领域。
� Copyright 2001-Present.
� 版权所有 2001 年至今。
American Rhetoric.
美国修辞学。
HTML transcription by Michael E.
HTML 转录由 Michael E.
Eidenmuller.
艾登米勒。