For the League of Nations -- Thomas Woodrow Wilson
Address in Support of the League of Nations at the Paris Peace Conference, Third Plenary Session [Abridged]
在巴黎和会第三次全体会议上支持国际联盟的讲话 [节选]
delivered 14 February 1919, Paris France, Washington, D.C.
1919 年 2 月 14 日交付于法国巴黎、华盛顿特区
It gives me pleasure to add to this formal reading of the result of our labors that the character of the discussion which occurred at the sittings of the commission was not only of the most constructive but of the most encouraging sort.
我很高兴在对我们工作成果的正式解读中补充一点，委员会会议上进行的讨论不仅是最具建设性的，而且是最令人鼓舞的。
It was obvious throughout our discussions that, although there were subjects upon which there were individual differences of judgment with regard to the method by which our objects should be obtained, there was practically at no point any serious differences of opinion or motive as to the objects which we were seeking.
在我们的讨论中，很明显的是，尽管在某些主题上，对于实现我们的目标的方法存在个体判断差异，但对于我们所寻求的目标，实际上在任何时候都没有任何严重的意见或动机差异。
Indeed, while these debates were not made the opportunity for the expression of enthusiasm and sentiments, I think the other members of the commission will agree with me that there was an undertone of high respect and of enthusiasm for the thing we were trying to do which was heartening throughout everything.
事实上，虽然这些辩论没有成为表达热情和情感的机会，但我认为委员会的其他成员会同意我的观点，即对我们正在努力做的事情存在着高度尊重和热情，这在所有事情中都令人振奋。
Because we felt that in a way this conference did entrust into us the expression of one of its highest and most important purposes, to see to it that the concord of the world in the future with regard to the objects of justice should not be subject to doubt or uncertainty; that the cooperation of the great body of nations should be assured in the maintenance of peace upon terms of honor and of international obligations.
因为我们认为，在某种程度上，本次会议确实委托我们表达了其最高和最重要的宗旨之一，即确保未来世界在正义目标方面的和谐不应受到怀疑或不确定；应当保证这一伟大国家机构在维护和平方面的合作，以荣誉条件和国际义务为基础。
The compulsion of that task was constantly upon us, and at no point was there shown the slightest desire to do anything but suggest the best means to accomplish that great object.
这项任务的紧迫感始终压在我们身上，除了提出实现这一伟大目标的最佳方法之外，我们从未表现出丝毫想做任何事情的愿望。
There is very great significance, therefore, in the fact that the result was reached unanimously.
因此，一致达成这一结果具有非常重要的意义。
Fourteen nations were represented, among them all of those powers which for convenience we have called the Great Powers, and among the rest a representation of the greatest variety of circumstances and interests.
十四个国家出席了会议，其中包括为方便起见我们称之为大国的所有国家，其余国家则代表了各种各样的情况和利益。
So that I think we are justified in saying that the significance of the result, therefore, has the deepest of all meanings, the union of wills in a common purpose, a union of wills which cannot be resisted and which, I dare say, no nation will run the risk of attempting to resist.
因此，我认为我们有理由说，这一结果的意义具有所有意义中最深刻的意义，即为了共同的目的而联合起来的意志，这种意志的联合是不可抗拒的，而且我敢说，没有任何国家会冒试图抵抗的风险。
Now, as to the character of the document.
现在，关于文件的性质。
While it has consumed some time to read this document, I think you will see at once that it is very simple, and in nothing so simple as in the structure which it suggests for a league of nations, a body of delegates, an executive council, and a permanent secretariat.
虽然阅读这份文件花费了一些时间，但我想你会立即发现它非常简单，而且没有比它建议的国际联盟、代表机构、执行理事会和常设秘书处的结构更简单的了。
When it came to the question of determining the character of the representation in the Body of Delegates, we were all aware of a feeling which is current throughout the world.
当谈到确定代表机构的代表性质问题时，我们都意识到全世界普遍存在的一种感觉。
Inasmuch as I am stating it in the presence of the official representatives of the various governments here present, including myself, I may say that there is a universal feeling that the world cannot rest satisfied with merely official guidance.
由于我是在包括我自己在内的在座各国政府的官方代表面前声明这一点，我可以说，人们普遍认为，世界不能仅满足于官方指导。
There has reached us through many channels the feeling that if the deliberating body of the League of Nations was merely to be a body of officials representing the various governments, the peoples of the world would not be sure that some of the mistakes which preoccupied officials had admittedly made might not be repeated.
我们通过多种渠道感觉到，如果国际联盟的审议机构仅仅是代表各国政府的官员机构，那么世界人民就无法确定官员们所承认的一些错误是否会重演。
It was impossible to conceive a method or an assembly so large and various as to be really representative of the great body of the peoples of the world, because, as I roughly reckon it, we represent as we sit around this table more than 1.2 billion people.
不可能设想出一个如此庞大和多样的方法或集会来真正代表世界各国人民的伟大团体，因为，据我粗略地估计，坐在这张桌子旁的我们代表了超过 12 亿人。
You cannot have a representative assembly of 1.2 billion people, but if you leave it to each government to have, if it pleases, one or two or three representatives, though only with a single vote, it may vary its representation from time to time, not only, but it may (originate) the choice of its several representatives [wireless here unintelligible.
你不可能有一个十二亿人的代表大会，但如果你让每个政府都可以有一个或两个或三个代表，如果它愿意的话，尽管只有一票，它不仅可以不时改变它的代表，而且可以（起源）它的几个代表的选择[无线这里难以理解。
Therefore we thought that this was a proper and a very prudent concession to the practically universal opinion of plain men everywhere that they wanted the door left open to a variety of representation, instead of being confined to a single official body with which they could or might not find themselves in sympathy.
因此，我们认为，这是对世界各地普通民众几乎普遍的观点的一个适当且非常谨慎的让步，即他们希望为各种代表敞开大门，而不是局限于一个他们可能会或可能不会同情的单一官方机构。
And you will notice that this body has unlimited rights of discussion.
你会注意到这个机构拥有无限的讨论权。
I mean of discussion of anything that falls within the field of international relations -- and that it is especially agreed that war or international misunderstandings or anything that may lead to friction or trouble is everybody's business, because it may affect the peace of the world.
我的意思是讨论属于国际关系领域的任何事情，并且特别同意战争或国际误解或任何可能导致摩擦或麻烦的事情是每个人的事，因为它可能影响世界和平。
And in order to safeguard the popular power so far as we could of this representative body, it is provided, you will notice, that when a subject is submitted it is not to arbitration but to discussion by the Executive Council; it can, upon the initiative of either of the parties to the dispute, be drawn out of the Executive Council on the larger form of the general Body of Delegates, because through this instrument we are depending primarily and chiefly upon one great force, and this is the moral force of the public opinion of the world -- the pleasing and clarifying and compelling influences of publicity -- so that intrigues can no longer have their coverts; so that designs that are sinister can at anytime be drawn into the open, so that those things that are destroyed by the light may be promptly destroyed by the overwhelming light of the universal expression of the condemnation of the world.
为了尽可能维护这个代表机构的人民权力，你会注意到，规定当一个议题提交时，不是提交仲裁，而是提交执行委员会讨论；根据争端任何一方的倡议，它可以从代表大会这一更大形式的执行理事会中抽出，因为通过这一文书，我们主要依靠一种强大的力量，这就是世界公众舆论的道德力量——令人愉悦的、澄清的和令人信服的公众影响力——以便阴谋不再有其隐蔽性；以便邪恶的图谋可以随时被揭露出来，以便那些被光摧毁的事物可以被世界谴责的普遍表达的压倒性的光迅速摧毁。
Armed force is in the background in this program; but it is in the background, and, if the moral force of the world will not suffice, the physical force of the world shall.
武装力量是这个节目的背景；但它是在背景中的，如果世界的道德力量还不够，那么世界的物质力量就可以。
But that is the last resort, because this is intended as a constitution of peace, not as a league of war.
但这是最后的手段，因为这是一部和平宪法，而不是战争联盟。
The simplicity of the document seems to me to be one of its chief virtues, because, speaking for myself, I was unable to see the variety of circumstances with which this League would have to deal.
在我看来，该文件的简单性似乎是其主要优点之一，因为就我自己而言，我无法看到该联盟必须应对的各种情况。
I was unable, therefore, to plan all the machinery that might be necessary to meet the differing and unexpected contingencies.
因此，我无法规划出应对不同的意外情况所需的所有机制。
Therefore, I should say of this document that it is not a straitjacket but a vehicle of life.
因此，我应该说，这份文件不是紧身衣，而是生命的载体。
A living thing is born, and we must see to it what clothes we put on it.
一个生物诞生了，我们必须给它穿上什么衣服。
It is not a vehicle of power, but a vehicle in which power may be varied at the discretion of those who exercise it and in accordance with the changing circumstances of the time.
它不是权力的工具，而是一种权力可以根据行使者的自由裁量权并根据当时情况的变化而变化的工具。
And yet, while it is elastic, while it is general in its terms, it is definite in the one thing that we were called upon to make definite.
然而，虽然它是有弹性的，虽然它的术语是一般性的，但它在我们被要求明确的一件事上是明确的。
It is a definite guaranty of peace.
这是和平的明确保证。
It is a definite guaranty by word against aggression.
这是反对侵略的明确保证。
It is a definite guaranty against the things which have just come near bringing the whole structure of civilization into ruin.
这是对即将毁灭整个文明结构的事物的明确保证。
Its purposes do not for a moment lie vague.
其目的一刻也不含糊。
Its purposes are declared, and its powers are unmistakable.
其目的是明确的，其权力是明确无误的。
It is not in contemplation that this should be merely a league to secure the peace of the world.
这并不是一个旨在确保世界和平的联盟。
it is a league which can be used for cooperation in any international matter.
这是一个可以在任何国际事务上进行合作的联盟。
That is the significance of the provision introduced concerning labor.
这就是有关劳工的规定的意义所在。
There are many ameliorations of labor conditions which can be effected by conference and discussion.
通过会议和讨论可以改善劳动条件。
I anticipate that there will be a very great usefulness in the Bureau of Labor which it is contemplated shall be set up by the League.
我预计劳工局将有很大的用处，联盟将设立该局。
Men and women and children who work have been in the background through long ages and sometimes seemed to be forgotten, while governments have had their watchful and suspicious eyes upon the maneuvers of one another, while the thought of statesmen has been about structural action and the larger transactions of commerce and of finance.
长期以来，工作的男人、女人和儿童一直处于幕后，有时似乎被遗忘，而政府则以警惕和怀疑的目光注视着彼此的举动，而政治家的思想则关注结构性行动以及更大的商业和金融交易。
Now, if I may believe the picture which I see, there comes into the foreground the great body of the laboring people of the world, the men and women and children upon whom the great burden of sustaining the world must from day to day fall, whether we wish it to do so or not; people who go to bed tired and wake up without the stimulation of lively hope.
现在，如果我相信我所看到的图景，世界劳动人民的伟大团体，男人、女人和儿童，日复一日地落在他们身上，无论我们是否愿意，维持世界的重担都必须落在他们身上。人们上床睡觉时感到疲倦，醒来后没有活泼希望的刺激。
These people will be drawn into the field of international consultation and help, and will be among the wards of the combined governments of the world.
这些人将被纳入国际协商和帮助领域，并受到世界联合政府的监护。
This is, I take leave to say, a very great step in advance in the mere conception of that.
我想说的是，就这一概念而言，这是向前迈出的一大步。
Then, as you will notice, there is an imperative article concerning the publicity of all international agreements.
然后，正如您将注意到的，有一个关于所有国际协议的公开的必要条款。
Henceforth no member of the League can call any agreement valid which it has not registered with the secretary general, in whose office, of course, it will be subject to the examination of any body representing a member of the League.
从此以后，任何联盟成员都不能将未向秘书长登记的任何协议视为有效，当然，在秘书长办公室，该协议将接受代表联盟成员的任何机构的审查。
And the duty is laid upon the secretary general to earliest possible time.
秘书长的职责是尽早承担的。
I suppose most persons who have not been conversant with the business of foreign affairs do not realize how many hundreds of these agreements are made in a single year, and how difficult it might be to publish the more unimportant of them immediately.
我想大多数不熟悉外交事务的人都没有意识到一年内达成了多少个这样的协议，以及立即公布其中较不重要的协议是多么困难。
How uninteresting it would be to most of the world to publish them immediately, but even they must be published just as soon as it is possible for the secretary general to publish them.
对于世界上大多数人来说，立即公布它们是多么无趣，但即便如此，秘书长也必须在秘书长有可能公布它们时尽快公布它们。
There has been no greater advance than this, gentlemen.
先生们，没有比这更大的进步了。
If you look back upon the history of the world you will see how helpless peoples have too often been a prey to powers that had no conscience in the matter.
如果你回顾世界历史，你就会发现，无助的人民常常成为无良心强权的牺牲品。
It has been one of the many distressing revelations of recent years that the great power which has just been, happily, defeated put intolerable burdens and injustices upon the helpless people of some of the colonies which it annexed to itself; that its interest was rather their extermination than their development; that the desire was to possess their land for European purposes, and not to enjoy their confidence in order that mankind might be lifted in these places to the next higher level.
近年来，令人痛心的揭露之一是，刚刚幸运地被击败的大国给它吞并的一些殖民地的无助人民带来了难以忍受的负担和不公正。它的兴趣在于消灭它们而不是它们的发展；他们的愿望是为了欧洲的目的而占有他们的土地，而不是为了让这些地方的人类提升到一个更高的水平而获得他们的信任。
Now, the world, expressing its conscience in law, says there is an end of that, that our consciences shall be settled to this thing.
现在，世界在法律中表达了自己的良心，说这件事已经结束了，我们的良心将在这件事上得到解决。
States will be picked out which have already shown that they can exercise a conscience in this matter, and under their tutelage the helpless peoples of the world will come into a new light and into a new hope.
将选出那些已经表现出在这个问题上能够发挥良知的国家，在他们的指导下，世界上无助的人民将迎来新的光明和新的希望。
So I think I can say of this document that it is at one and the same time a practical document and a humane document.
因此，我想我可以说这份文件既是一份实用文件，又是一份人道文件。
There is a pulse of sympathy in it.
里面有一股同情的脉搏。
There is a compulsion of conscience throughout it.
贯穿其中的是一种良心的强迫。
It is practical, and yet it is intended to purify, to rectify, to elevate.
它是实用的，但它的目的是净化、纠正、提升。
And I want to say that, so far as my observation instructs me, this is in one sense a belated document.
我想说的是，就我的观察而言，这在某种意义上是一份迟来的文件。
I believe that the conscience of the world has long been prepared to express itself in some such way.
我相信世界的良知早已准备好以某种方式表达自己。
We are not just now discovering our sympathy for these people and our interest in them.
我们不仅仅是现在才发现我们对这些人的同情和对他们的兴趣。
We are simply expressing it, for it has long been felt, and in the administration of the affairs of more than one of the great States represented here -- so far as I know, of all the great States that are represented here -- that humane impulse has already expressed itself in their dealings with their colonies whose peoples were yet at a low stage of civilization.
我们只是在表达这一点，因为长期以来人们就感受到了这一点，并且在管理这里有代表的多个伟大国家的事务时——据我所知，在座有代表的所有伟大国家中——这种人道的冲动已经在他们与殖民地人民打交道时表现出来了，而这些殖民地的人民还处于文明的低级阶段。
We have had many instances of colonics lifted into the sphere of complete self-government.
我们有许多结肠癌被提升到完全自治范围的例子。
This is not the discovery of a principle.
这不是原理的发现。
It is the universal application of a principle.
这是原则的普遍应用。
It is the agreement of the great nations which have tried to live by these standards in their separate administrations to unite in seeing that their common force and their common thought and intelligence are lent to this great and humane enterprise.
那些在各自的政府中努力按照这些标准生活的伟大国家一致同意，要团结起来，将共同的力量、共同的思想和智慧用于这项伟大而人道的事业。
I think it is an occasion, therefore, for the most profound satisfaction that this humane decision should have been reached in a matter for which the world has long been waiting and until a very recent period thought that it was still too early to hope.
因此，我认为这是一个令人最深感满意的时刻，因为在世界长期以来一直在等待的问题上做出了这一人道的决定，直到最近一段时期才认为现在还为时过早。
Many terrible things have come out of this war, gentlemen, but some very beautiful things have come out of it.
先生们，这场战争带来了许多可怕的事情，但也带来了一些非常美丽的事情。
Wrong has been defeated, but the rest of the world has been more conscious than it ever was before of the majesty of right.
错误已经被击败，但世界其他地方比以往任何时候都更加意识到正义的威严。
People that were suspicious of one another can now live as friends and comrades in a single family, and desire to do so.
曾经互相猜疑的人们现在可以作为朋友和同志生活在一个家庭中，而且也渴望这样做。
The miasma of distrust, of intrigue, is cleared away.
不信任和阴谋的瘴气被清除了。
Men are looking eye to eye and saying, "We are brothers and have a common purpose.
人们四目相对并说：“我们是兄弟，有共同的目标。
We did not realize it before, but now we do realize it, and this is our covenant of fraternity and of friendship.
以前我们没有意识到，现在我们意识到了，这就是我们的兄弟情谊之约。
Supplemental Text Source : https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv03/d5
补充文本来源：https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv03/d5
Research Note 1 : May not be the address that the authors of the Top 100 list had in mind.
研究注释 1：可能不是 100 强名单的作者所想的地址。
Research Note 2 : Thanks to Guodong Jia of the School of Foreign Language, Peoples Uni of China, Beijing for bringing this speech to my attention.
研究笔记2：感谢北京中国人民大学外国语学院的贾国栋让我注意到这篇演讲。
Page Updated : 1/4/22 U.S. Copyright Status : Text and Image = Public domain.
页面更新：22 年 1 月 4 日美国版权状态：文本和图像 = 公共领域。
� Copyright 2001-Present.
� 版权所有 2001 年至今。
American Rhetoric.
美国修辞学。