The Rights of Labor -- John Llewellyn Lewis
delivered 3 September 1937 in Washington D.C.
1937 年 9 月 3 日在华盛顿特区交付
Out of the agony and travail of economic America the Committee for Industrial Organization was born.
在美国经济的痛苦和阵痛中，工业组织委员会诞生了。
To millions of Americans exploited without stint by corporate industry and socially debased beyond the understanding of the fortunate, its coming was as welcomed as the dawn to the night watcher.
对于数以百万计的美国人来说，他们受到企业的肆意剥削，社会地位的低下超出了幸运者的理解，它的到来就像守夜人的黎明一样受到欢迎。
To a lesser group of Americans, infinitely more fortunately situated, blessed with larger quantities of the worlds goods and insolent in their assumption of privilege, its coming was heralded as a harbinger of ill, sinister of purpose, of unclean methods and non-virtuous objectives.
对于一小群美国人来说，他们的处境要幸运得多，拥有大量的世界商品，而且他们对特权的霸凌无礼，它的到来被预示着邪恶、险恶的目的、不洁的方法和不道德的目标。
But the Committee for Industrial Organizations is here.
但工业组织委员会就在这里。
It is now henceforth a definite instrumentality, destined greatly to influence the lives of our people and the internal and external course of the republic.
从现在起，它已成为一个明确的工具，注定会极大地影响我们人民的生活以及共和国的内部和外部进程。
This is true only because the purposes and objectives of the Committee for Industrial Organization find economic, social, political and moral justification in the hearts of the millions who are its members and the millions more who support it.
之所以如此，只是因为工业组织委员会的宗旨和目标在其数以百万计的成员和数以百万计的支持者心中找到了经济、社会、政治和道德的合理性。
The organization and constant onward sweep of this movement exemplifies the resentment of the many toward the selfishness, greed and the neglect of the few.
这场运动的组织和持续推进体现了多数人对少数人的自私、贪婪和忽视的不满。
The workers of the nation were tired of waiting for corporate industry to right their economic wrongs, to alleviate their social agony and to grant them their political rights.
全国工人们厌倦了等待企业界纠正他们的经济错误、减轻他们的社会痛苦并赋予他们政治权利。
Despairing of fair treatment, they resolved to do something for themselves.
由于对公平待遇感到绝望，他们决定为自己做点什么。
They, therefore, have organized a new labor movement, conceived within the principles of the national bill of rights and committed to the proposition that the workers are free to assemble in their own forums, voice their own grievances, declare their own hopes and contract on even terms with modern industry for the sale of their only material possession -- their labor.
因此，他们组织了一场新的劳工运动，在国家权利法案的原则范围内构思，并致力于这样的主张：工人们可以在自己的论坛上自由集会，表达自己的不满，表达自己的希望，并与现代工业以平等的条件签订合同，出售他们唯一的物质财产——他们的劳动力。
The Committee for Industrial Organization has a numerical enrollment of 3,718,000 members.
产业组织委员会现有会员3,718,000人。
It has 32 affiliated national and international unions.
它有 32 个附属的国内和国际工会。
Of this number 11 unions account for 2,765,000 members.
其中 11 个工会拥有 2,765,000 名会员。
This group is organized in the textile, auto, garment, lumber, rubber, electrical manufacturing, power, steel, coal and transport industries.
该集团的组织涉及纺织、汽车、服装、木材、橡胶、电气制造、电力、钢铁、煤炭和运输行业。
The remaining membership exists in the maritime, oil production and refining, ship building, leather, chemical, retail, meat packing, vegetable canning, metalliferous mining, miscellaneous manufacturing, agricultural labor, and service and miscellaneous industries.
其余成员分布在海事、石油生产和精炼、造船、皮革、化学、零售、肉类包装、蔬菜罐头、金属采矿、杂项制造、农业劳动力以及服务和杂项行业。
Some 200,000 workers are organized into 507 chartered local unions not yet attached to a national industrial union.
大约 200,000 名工人被组织成 507 个尚未隶属于全国性产业工会的特许地方工会。
This record bespeaks progress.
这个记录预示着进步。
It is a development without precedent in our own country.
这在我们国家是没有先例的发展。
Some of this work was accomplished with the enlightened cooperation or the tolerant acquiescence of employers who recognized that a new labor movement was being forged and who were not disposed, in any event, to flout the law of the land.
其中一些工作是在雇主的开明合作或宽容默许下完成的，他们认识到一场新的劳工运动正在形成，并且无论如何都不愿意藐视国家法律。
On the other hand, much of this progress was made in the face of violent and deadly opposition which reached its climax in the slaughter of workers paralleling the massacres of Ludlow and Homestead.
另一方面，这些进展在很大程度上是在面对暴力和致命的反对派的情况下取得的，这种反对派在对工人的屠杀中达到了顶峰，与勒德洛和霍姆斯特德的大屠杀并行。
In the steel industry the corporations generally have accepted collective bargaining and negotiated wage agreements with the Committee for Industrial Organization.
在钢铁行业，企业普遍接受集体谈判并与工业组织委员会协商工资协议。
Eighty-five per cent of the industry is thus under contract and a peaceful relationship exits between the management and the workers.
因此，该行业百分之八十五的企业都签订了合同，管理层和工人之间存在着和平的关系。
Written wage contracts have been negotiated with 399 steel companies covering 510,000 men.
与399家钢铁企业签订了书面工资合同，覆盖员工51万人。
One thousand thirty-one local lodges in 700 communities have been organized.
700 个社区的 1,31 个地方分会已成立。
Five of the corporations in the steel industry elected to resist collective bargaining and undertook to destroy the steel workers' union.
钢铁行业的五家公司选择抵制集体谈判，并承诺摧毁钢铁工会。
These companies filled their plants with industrial spies, assembled depots of guns and gas bombs, established barricades, controlled their communities with armed thugs, leased the police power of cities and mobilized the military power of a state to guard them against the intrusion of collective bargaining within their plants.
这些公司在工厂里布满了工业间谍，集结了枪支和毒气弹的仓库，设立了路障，用武装暴徒控制了社区，租用了城市的警察力量，并动员了国家的军事力量来保护他们免受工厂内集体谈判的侵犯。
During this strike 18 steel workers were either shot to death or had their brains clubbed out by police, or armed thugs in the pay of the steel companies.
在这次罢工中，18名钢铁工人要么被警察枪杀，要么被用棍棒敲出脑壳，或者被钢铁公司雇佣的武装暴徒打死。
In Chicago, Mayor Kelly's police force was successful in killing ten strikers before they could escape the fury of the police, shooting eight of them in the back.
在芝加哥，凯利市长的警察部队在十名罢工者逃脱警察的愤怒之前成功杀死了他们，并向其中八人的背部开枪。
One hundred sixty strikers were maimed and injured by police clubs, riot guns and gas bombs and were hospitalized.
一百六十名罢工者被警察棍棒、防暴枪和毒气弹致残或受伤，并入院治疗。
Hundreds of strikers were arrested, jailed, treated with brutality while incarcerated and harassed by succeeding litigation.
数百名罢工者被逮捕、监禁、监禁期间受到残酷对待，并受到后续诉讼的骚扰。
None but strikers were murdered, gassed, injured, jailed or maltreated.
除了罢工者之外，没有人被谋杀、毒气杀害、受伤、监禁或虐待。
No one had to die except the workers who were standing for the right guaranteed them by the Congress and written in the law.
除了那些代表国会保障并写入法律的权利的工人之外，没有人必须死去。
The infamous Governor Davey, of Ohio, successful in the last election because of his reiterated promises of fair treatment to labor, used the military power of the Commonwealth on the side of the Republican Steel Company and the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company.
臭名昭著的俄亥俄州州长戴维在上次选举中获胜，因为他重申了公平对待劳工的承诺，他利用联邦的军事力量支持共和党钢铁公司和扬斯敦板材和管材公司。
Nearly half of the staggering military expenditure incident to the crushing of this strike in Ohio was borne by the federal government through the allocation of financial aid to the military establishment of the state.
俄亥俄州这次罢工所造成的惊人军费开支中近一半是由联邦政府通过向该州军事机构提供财政援助来承担的。
The steel workers have now buried their dead, while the widows weep and watch their orphaned children become objects of public charity.
钢铁工人现在已经埋葬了死者，而寡妇们则哭泣着看着她们的孤儿成为公共慈善的对象。
The murder of these unarmed men has never been publicly rebuked by any authoritative officer of the state or federal government.
对这些手无寸铁的男子的谋杀从未受到任何州或联邦政府权威官员的公开谴责。
Some of them, in extenuation, plead lack of jurisdiction, but murder as a crime against the moral code can always be rebuked without regard to the niceties of legalistic jurisdiction by those who profess to be the keepers of the public conscience.
他们中的一些人以缺乏管辖权为借口，辩称缺乏管辖权，但谋杀作为违反道德准则的犯罪行为，总是会受到那些自称是公众良心守护者的人的谴责，而不考虑法律管辖权的细微之处。
Shortly after Kelly's police force in Chicago had indulged in their bloody orgy, Kelly came to Washington looking for political patronage.
凯利在芝加哥的警察部队沉迷于血腥狂欢后不久，凯利来到华盛顿寻求政治支持。
That patronage was forthcoming and Kelly must believe that the killing of the strikers is no liability in partisan politics.
这种赞助即将到来，凯利必须相信，杀害罢工者并不是党派政治的责任。
Meanwhile, the steel puppet Davey is still Governor of Ohio, but not for long I think - not for long.
与此同时，钢铁傀儡戴维仍然是俄亥俄州州长，但我认为不会持续太久——不会太久。
The people of Ohio may be relied upon to mete our political justice to one who has betrayed his state, outraged the public conscience and besmirched the public honor.
俄亥俄州人民可以信赖，会向背叛本州、触怒公众良心、玷污公众荣誉的人伸张政治正义。
While the men of the steel industry were going through blood and gas in defense of their rights and their homes and their families, elsewhere on the far-flung C.I.O.
当钢铁行业的人们为捍卫自己的权利、家园和家人而浴血奋战时，在遥远的其他地方，C.I.O.
front the hosts of labor were advancing and intelligent and permanent progress was being made.
前面，劳动大军正在前进，正在取得明智而持久的进步。
In scores of industries plant after plant and company after company were negotiating sensible working agreements.
在许多行业中，一个又一个工厂、一个又一个公司正在谈判合理的工作协议。
The men in the steel industry who sacrificed their all were nor merely aiding their fellows at home but were adding strength to the cause of their comrades in all industry.
钢铁行业的人们牺牲了自己的一切，不仅帮助了国内的同胞，而且还为全行业同志的事业增添了力量。
Labor was marching toward the goal of industrial democracy and contributing constructively toward a more rational arrangement of our domestic economy.
工党正在向工业民主的目标迈进，并为我们国内经济的更加合理的安排做出建设性的贡献。
Labor does not see industrial strife.
工党看不到工业冲突。
It wants peace, but a peace with justice.
它想要和平，而且是正义的和平。
In the long struggle for labors rights it has been patient and forbearing.
在争取劳工权利的长期斗争中，它一直保持耐心和隐忍。
Sabotage and destruction syndicalism have had no part in the American labor movement.
破坏和破坏工团主义并未参与美国劳工运动。
Workers have kept faith in American institutions.
工人们对美国机构保持着信心。
Most of the conflicts, which have occurred have been when labors right to live has been challenged and denied.
大多数冲突都是在劳工的生存权受到挑战和剥夺时发生的。
If there is to be peace in our industrial life let the employer recognize his obligation to his employees -- at least to the degree set forth in existing statutes.
如果我们的工业生活想要和平，那么雇主就必须承认他对雇员的义务——至少达到现有法规规定的程度。
Ordinary problems affecting wages, hours, and working conditions, in most instances, will quickly respond to negotiation in the council room.
在大多数情况下，影响工资、工作时间和工作条件的普通问题将很快在会议室的谈判中得到回应。
The United States Chamber of Commerce, the National Association of Manufacturers, and similar groups representing industry and financial interests, are rendering a disservice to the American people in their attempts to frustrate the organization of labor and in their refusal to accept collective bargaining as one of our economic institutions.
美国商会、全国制造商协会以及代表工业和金融利益的类似团体试图挫败劳工组织并拒绝接受集体谈判作为我们的经济机构之一，正在损害美国人民的利益。
These groups are encouraging a systematic organization of vigilante groups to fight unionization under the sham pretext of local interests.
这些团体正在鼓励系统性地组织治安维持者团体，以地方利益为幌子反对工会化。
They equip these vigilantes with tin hats, wooden clubs, gas masks and lethal weapons and train them in the arts of brutality and oppression.
他们为这些义务警员配备了锡帽、木棍、防毒面具和致命武器，并训练他们残暴和压迫的艺术。
They bring in snoops, finks, hatchet gangs and Chowderhead Cohens to infest their plants and disturb the communities.
他们引进窥探者、芬克斯、斧头帮和杂烩头科恩来侵扰他们的植物并扰乱社区。
Fascist organizations have been launched and financed under the shabby pretext that the C.I.O.
法西斯组织是在 C.I.O. 的卑鄙借口下成立和资助的。
movement is communistic.
运动是共产主义的。
The real breeders of discontent and alien doctrines of government and philosophies subversive of good citizenship are such as these who take the law into their own hands.
不满情绪和外来政府学说以及颠覆良好公民哲学的真正滋生者是那些将法律掌握在自己手中的人。
No tin-hat brigade of goose-stepping vigilantes or bibble-babbling mob of blackguarding and corporation paid scoundrels will prevent the onward march of labor, or divert its purpose to play its natural and rational part in the development of the economic, political and social life of our nation.
任何由正步自卫队组成的小队，或者由流氓和公司雇佣的恶棍组成的胡言乱语的暴徒，都不会阻止劳工的前进，也不会改变其目的，使其在我们国家的经济、政治和社会生活的发展中发挥其自然和理性的作用。
Unionization, as opposed to communism, presupposes the relation of employment; it is based upon the wage system and it recognizes fully and unreservedly the institution of private property and the right to investment profit.
与共产主义相反，工会化是以雇佣关系为前提的。它以工资制度为基础，充分、毫无保留地承认私有财产制度和投资利润权。
It is upon the fuller development of collective bargaining, the wider expansion of the labor movement, the increased influence of labor in our national councils, that the perpetuity of our democratic institutions must largely depend.
我们的民主制度的持久性必须在很大程度上依赖于集体谈判的更充分发展、劳工运动的更广泛扩展以及劳工在我们国家委员会中的影响力的增强。
The organized workers of America, free in their industrial life, conscious partners in production, secure in their homes and enjoying a decent standard of living, will prove the finest bulwark against the intrusion of alien doctrines of government.
美国有组织的工人在工业生活中是自由的，在生产中是有意识的伙伴，在家庭中享有安全并享有体面的生活水平，他们将成为抵御外来政府学说入侵的最佳堡垒。
Do those who have hatched this foolish cry of communism in the C.I.O.
那些在 C.I.O. 中酝酿出这种愚蠢的共产主义呼声的人是否会这样做？
fear the increased influence of labor in our democracy?
担心劳工在我们的民主中影响力的增加？
Do they fear its influence will be cast on the side of shorter hours, a better system of distributed employment, better homes for the under-privileged, social security for the aged, a fairer distribution of the national income?
他们是否担心它的影响力会偏向于缩短工作时间、更好的分布式就业制度、为弱势群体提供更好的住房、为老年人提供社会保障、更公平的国民收入分配？
Certainly the workers that are being organized want a voice in the determination of these objectives of social justice.
当然，正在组织起来的工人希望在确定这些社会正义目标时拥有发言权。
Certainly labor wants a fairer share in the national income.
当然，工党希望在国民收入中获得更公平的份额。
Assuredly labor wants a larger participation in increased productive efficiency.
毫无疑问，劳工希望更多地参与提高生产效率。
Obviously the population is entitled to participate in the fruits of the genius of our men of achievement in the field of the material sciences.
显然，人民有权分享我们在材料科学领域取得成就的人们的天才成果。
Labor has suffered just as our farm population has suffered from a viciously unequal distribution of the national income.
正如我们的农业人口因国民收入分配严重不平等而遭受苦难一样，劳工也遭受了苦难。
In the exploitation of both classes of workers has been the source of panic and depression, and upon the economic welfare of both rests the best assurance of a sound and permanent prosperity.
对这两个阶级工人的剥削一直是恐慌和抑郁的根源，而这两个阶级的经济福利则是健全和永久繁荣的最佳保证。
In this connection let me call attention to the propaganda which some of our industrialists are carrying on among the farmers.
在这方面，我要提请大家注意我们一些实业家在农民中进行的宣传。
By pamphlets in the milk cans or attached to machinery and in countless other ways of direct and indirect approach, the farmers of the nation are being told that the increased price of farm machinery and farm supplies is due to the rising wage level brought about by the Committee for Industrial Organization.
通过牛奶罐中或附在机械上的小册子以及无数其他直接和间接的方式，全国农民被告知农业机械和农业用品价格上涨是由于工业组织委员会带来的工资水平上涨。
And yet it is the industrial millions of this country who constitute the substantial market for all agricultural products.
然而，正是这个国家的数以百万计的工业人口构成了所有农产品的重要市场。
The interest of the two groups are mutually dependent.
两个群体的利益是相互依存的。
It is when the pay roll goes down that the farmer's realization is diminished, so that his loans become overdue at the bank and the arrival of the tax collector is awaited with fear.
当工资下降时，农民的变现就会减少，因此他的银行贷款就会逾期，人们会带着恐惧等待收税员的到来。
On the other hand it is the prosperity of the farmer that quickness the tempo of manufacturing activities and brings buying power to the millions of urban and industrial workers.
另一方面，正是农民的富裕加快了制造业活动的节奏，为数以百万计的城市工人和产业工人带来了购买力。
As we view the years that have passed this has always been true and it becomes increasingly imperative that the farm population and the millions of workers in industry must learn to combine their strength for the attainment of mutual and desirable objectives and at the same time learn to guard themselves against the sinister propaganda of those who would divide and exploit them.
从我们过去的几年来看，这一点始终是正确的，而且越来越迫切的是，农业人口和数以百万计的工业工人必须学会结合自己的力量来实现共同的和理想的目标，同时学会防范那些分裂和剥削他们的人的险恶宣传。
Under the banner of the Committee for Industrial Organization American labor is on the march.
在工业组织委员会的旗帜下，美国劳工正在前进。
Its objectives today are those it had in the beginning: to strive for the unionization of our unorganized millions of workers and for the acceptance of collective bargaining as a recognized American institution.
它今天的目标与当初的目标相同：努力让数百万无组织的工人加入工会，并争取将集体谈判作为公认的美国机构。
It seeks peace with the industrial world.
它寻求与工业世界的和平。
It seeks cooperation and mutuality of effort with the agricultural population.
它寻求与农业人口的合作和共同努力。
It would avoid strikes.
这样可以避免罢工。
It would have its rights determined under the law by the peaceful negotiations and contract relationships that are supposed to characterize American commercial life.
它将根据法律通过和平谈判和合同关系来确定其权利，而这些应该是美国商业生活的特征。
Until an aroused public opinion demands that employers accept that rule, labor has no recourse but to surrender its rights or struggle for their realization with its own economic power.
在公众舆论要求雇主接受这一规则之前，劳工别无选择，只能放弃自己的权利，或者用自己的经济力量争取这些权利的实现。
The objectives of this movement are not political in a partisan sense.
这场运动的目标不是党派意义上的政治目标。
Yet it is true that a political party which seeks the support of labor and makes pledges of good faith to labor must, in equity and good conscience, keep that faith and redeem those pledges.
然而，确实，一个寻求劳工支持并向劳工做出善意承诺的政党必须本着公平和良心，保持这种信念并兑现这些承诺。
The spectacle of august and dignified members of Congress, servants of the people and agents of the republic, skulking in hallways and closets, hiding their faces in a party caucus to prevent a quorum from acting upon a labor measure, is one that emphasizes the perfidy of politicians and blasts the confidence of labor's millions in politician's promises and statesmen's vows.
威严而庄严的国会议员、人民的公仆和共和国的代理人，在走廊和壁橱里躲藏，在党团会议中隐藏自己的脸，以阻止法定人数根据劳工措施采取行动，这一景象凸显了政客的背信弃义，并打击了数以百万计的工党对政客的承诺和政治家的誓言的信心。
Labor next year cannot avoid the necessity of a political assay of the work and.
工党明年无法避免对工作进行政治评估的必要性。
deeds of its so-called friends and its political beneficiaries.
其所谓朋友及其政治受益者的行为。
It must determine who are its friends in the arena of politics as elsewhere.
它必须像其他地方一样决定谁是政治领域的朋友。
It feels that its cause is just and that its friends should not view its struggle with neutral detachment or intone constant criticism of its activities.
它认为它的事业是正义的，它的朋友不应该以中立的超然态度看待它的斗争或不断批评它的活动。
Those who chant their praises of democracy but who lose no chance to drive their knives into labor's defenseless back must feel the weight of labor's woe even as its open adversaries must ever feel the thrust of labor's power.
那些歌颂民主却不失时机地将刀刺向劳工手无寸铁的后背的人，一定会感受到劳工悲痛的沉重，就像劳工的公开对手一定会感受到劳工权力的推力一样。
Labor, like Israel, has many sorrows.
工党和以色列一样，也有很多悲伤。
Its women weep for their fallen and they lament for the future of the children of the race.
它的妇女们为她们的倒下而哭泣，她们为这个种族的孩子们的未来而哀叹。
It ill behooves one who has supped at labor's table and who has been sheltered in labor's house to curse with equal fervor and fine impartiality both labor and its adversaries when they become locked in deadly embrace.
一个在劳工餐桌上吃过晚饭、在劳工家里受到庇护的人，当劳工及其对手陷入致命的拥抱时，以同样的热情和良好的公正性诅咒他们是不应该的。
I repeat that labor seeks peace and guarantees its own loyalty, but the voice of labor, insistent upon its rights, should not be annoying to the ears of justice or offensive to the conscience of the American people.
我再说一遍，劳工寻求和平并保证自己的忠诚，但劳工坚持其权利的声音不应该打扰正义的耳朵或冒犯美国人民的良心。
Text Source : This version taken from John Llewellyn Lewis, The John L.
文本来源：此版本取自 John Llewellyn Lewis，The John L.
Lewis papers, 1879-1969, published in 1979, by Microfilming Corporation of America: Sanford, N.C.
Lewis 论文，1879-1969 年，1979 年由 Microfilming Corporation of America 出版：北卡罗来纳州桑福德
Page Updated : 12/16/21 U.S. Copyright Status : Text = Uncertain.
页面更新日期：21 年 12 月 16 日美国版权状态：文本 = 不确定。
Image = Public domain.
图像=公共领域。
� Copyright 2001-Present.
� 版权所有 2001 年至今。
American Rhetoric.
美国修辞学。
HTML transcription by Joseph M.
HTML 转录由 Joseph M.
Yarbrough.
亚伯勒。