The Struggle for Human Rights -- Anna Eleanor Roosevelt
Delivered 28 September 1948 • Paris, France
1948 年 9 月 28 日交付 • 法国巴黎
I have come this evening to talk with you on one of the greatest issues of our time -- that is the preservation of human freedom.
今晚我来这里是为了与你们讨论我们这个时代最伟大的问题之一——即维护人类自由。
I have chosen to discuss it here in France , at the Sorbonne , because here in this soil the roots of human freedom have long ago struck deep and here they have been richly nourished.
我选择在法国索邦大学讨论这个问题，因为在这片土壤上，人类自由的根源早已深深扎根，并在这里得到了丰富的滋养。
It was here the Declaration of the Rights of Man was proclaimed , and the great slogans of the French Revolution -- liberty , equality , fraternity -- fired the imagination of men.
正是在这里，《人权宣言》发表了，法国大革命的伟大口号——自由、平等、博爱——激发了人们的想象力。
I have chosen to discuss this issue in Europe because this has been the scene of the greatest historic battles between freedom and tyranny.
我选择在欧洲讨论这个问题，因为这里是自由与暴政之间最伟大的历史性斗争的发生地。
I have chosen to discuss it in the early days of the General Assembly because the issue of human liberty is decisive for the settlement of outstanding political differences and for the future of the United Nations.
我选择在大会初期讨论这个问题，因为人类自由问题对于解决悬而未决的政治分歧和联合国的未来具有决定性作用。
The decisive importance of this issue was fully recognized by the founders of the United Nations at San Francisco.
旧金山联合国创始人充分认识到这个问题的决定性重要性。
Concern for the preservation and promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms stands at the heart of the United Nations.
关注维护和促进人权和基本自由是联合国的核心。
Its Charter is distinguished by its preoccupation with the rights and welfare of individual men and women.
其宪章的特点是关注个体男性和女性的权利和福利。
The United Nations has made it clear that it intends to uphold human rights and to protect the dignity of the human personality.
联合国明确表示要维护人权并保护人的人格尊严。
In the preamble to the Charter the keynote is set when it declares: “ We the people of the United Nations determined .
《宪章》序言中的基调是：“我们联合国人民决定……”。
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to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights , in the dignity and worth of the human person , in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small , and .
重申对基本人权、人的尊严和价值、男女以及大小国家的平等权利的信念，以及。
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to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.
在更大的自由中促进社会进步和更好的生活水平。
” This reflects the basic premise of the Charter that the peace and security of mankind are dependent on mutual respect for the rights and freedoms of all.
这反映了《宪章》的基本前提，即人类的和平与安全有赖于相互尊重所有人的权利和自由。
One of the purposes of the United Nations is declared in article 1 to be: “ to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic , social , cultural , or humanitarian character , and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race , sex , language , or religion.
第一条宣布联合国的宗旨之一是：“实现国际合作，解决经济、社会、文化或人道主义性质的国际问题，并促进和鼓励尊重所有人的人权和基本自由，不分种族、性别、语言或宗教。
”
”
This thought is repeated at several points and notably in articles 55 and 56 the Members pledge themselves to take joint and separate action in cooperation with the United Nations for the promotion of “ universal respect for , and observance of , human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race , sex , language , or religion.
这一想法在多个地方得到了重复，特别是在第 55 条和第 56 条中，成员国承诺与联合国合作，采取联合和单独行动，促进“不分种族、性别、语言或宗教，普遍尊重和遵守所有人的人权和基本自由”。
”
”
The Human Rights Commission was given as its first and most important task the preparation of an International Bill of Rights.
人权委员会的首要任务也是最重要的任务是制定国际人权法案。
The General Assembly which opened its third session here in Paris a few days ago will have before it the first fruit of the Commission ’ s labors in this task , that is the International Declaration of Human Rights.
几天前在巴黎召开的联合国大会第三届会议将收到委员会在这项任务中的第一个成果，即《国际人权宣言》。
This Declaration was finally completed after much work during the last session of the Human Rights Commission in New York in the spring of 1948.
1948年春在纽约举行的人权委员会最后一次会议上，经过大量工作，这份宣言终于完成。
The Economic and Social Council has sent it without recommendation to the General Assembly , together with other documents transmitted by the Human Rights Commission.
经济及社会理事会已将其与人权委员会转交的其他文件一起发送给大会，但未提出建议。
It was decided in our Commission that a Bill of Rights should contain two parts:
我们的委员会决定，《权利法案》应包含两部分：
1.
1.
A Declaration which could be approved through action of the Member States of the United Nations in the General Assembly.
可以通过联合国会员国在大会上采取行动批准的宣言。
This Declaration would have great moral force , and would say to the peoples of the world “ this is what we hope human rights may mean to all people in the years to come.
该宣言将具有巨大的道义力量，并向世界各国人民表示：“这就是我们希望人权在未来岁月对所有人的意义。”
” We have put down here the rights that we consider basic for individual human beings the world over to have.
“我们在此列出了我们认为全世界每个人都应享有的基本权利。
Without them , we feel that the full development of individual personality is impossible.
没有它们，我们觉得个人个性的充分发展是不可能的。
2.
2.
The second part of the bill , which the Human Rights Commission has not yet completed because of the lack of time , is a covenant which would be in the form of a treaty to be presented to the nations of the world.
该法案的第二部分是一项盟约，人权委员会因时间不够而尚未完成，该部分将以条约的形式提交给世界各国。
Each nation , as it is prepared to do so , would ratify this covenant and the covenant would then become binding on the nations which adhere to it.
每个准备这样做的国家都将批准该公约，然后该公约将对遵守该公约的国家具有约束力。
Each nation ratifying would then be obligated to change its laws wherever they did not conform to the points contained in the covenant.
每个批准国家都有义务修改其法律，只要它们不符合该公约所载的要点。
This covenant , of course , would have to be a simpler document.
当然，这个契约必须是一个更简单的文件。
It could not state aspirations , which we feel to be permissible in the Declaration.
它不能陈述愿望，而我们认为《宣言》允许这样做。
It could only state rights which could be assured by law and it must contain methods of implementation , and no state ratifying the covenant could be allowed to disregard it.
它只能规定法律能够保障的权利，并且必须包含实施方法，任何批准该公约的国家都不能忽视它。
The methods of implementation have not yet been agreed upon , nor have they been given adequate consideration by the Commission at any of its meetings.
委员会尚未就实施方法达成一致，也未在其任何会议上对其进行充分考虑。
There certainly should be discussion on the entire question of this world Bill of Human Rights and there may be acceptance by this Assembly of the Declaration if they come to agreement on it.
当然应该就这个世界人权法案的整个问题进行讨论，如果他们就该宣言达成一致，大会可能会接受该宣言。
The acceptance of the Declaration , I think , should encourage every nation in the coming months to discuss its meaning with its people so that they will be better prepared to accept the covenant with a deeper understanding of the problems involved when that is presented , we hope , a year from now and , we hope , accepted.
我认为，《宣言》的接受应该鼓励每个国家在未来几个月内与其人民讨论其含义，以便他们更好地准备接受《公约》，并对所涉及的问题有更深入的了解，我们希望一年后它提出并被接受。
The Declaration has come from the Human Rights Commission with unanimous acceptance except for four abstentions -- the U.S.S.R.
人权委员会一致接受该宣言，只有四票弃权——苏联。
, Yugoslavia , Ukraine , and Byelorussia.
、南斯拉夫、乌克兰和白俄罗斯。
The reason for this is a fundamental difference in the conception of human rights as they exist in these states and in certain other Member States in the United Nations.
其原因是这些国家与联合国某些其他会员国的人权概念存在根本差异。
In the discussion before the Assembly , I think it should be made crystal clear what these differences are and tonight I want to spend a little time making them clear to you.
在大会之前的讨论中，我认为应该清楚地说明这些差异是什么，今晚我想花一点时间向你们说明这些差异。
It seems to me there is a valid reason for taking the time today to think carefully and clearly on the subject of human rights , because in the acceptance and observance of these rights lies the root , I believe , of our chance for peace in the future , and for the strengthening of the United Nations organization to the point where it can maintain peace in the future.
在我看来，今天花时间仔细、清晰地思考人权问题是有充分理由的，因为我相信，接受和遵守这些权利是我们未来获得和平机会的根源，也是加强联合国组织使其能够在未来维持和平的基础。
We must not be confused about what freedom is.
我们决不能对什么是自由感到困惑。
Basic human rights are simple and easily understood: freedom of speech and a free press; freedom of religion and worship; freedom of assembly and the right of petition; the right of men to be secure in their homes and free from unreasonable search and seizure and from arbitrary arrest and punishment.
基本人权简单易懂：言论自由和新闻自由；宗教和崇拜自由；集会自由和请愿权；男子有权在家中享有安全，免受无理搜查和扣押以及任意逮捕和惩罚。
We must not be deluded by the efforts of the forces of reaction to prostitute the great words of our free tradition and thereby to confuse the struggle.
我们决不能被反动势力所欺骗，他们企图亵渎我们自由传统的伟大话语，从而迷惑斗争。
Democracy , freedom , human rights have come to have a definite meaning to the people of the world which we must not allow any nation to so change that they are made synonymous with suppression and dictatorship.
民主、自由、人权对于世界人民来说已经有了明确的意义，我们决不能允许任何一个国家改变它们，使它们成为镇压和独裁的代名词。
There are basic differences that show up even in the use of words between a democratic and a totalitarian country.
民主国家和极权国家之间即使在用词上也存在基本差异。
For instance “ democracy ” means one thing to the U.S.S.R.
例如，“民主”对苏联来说意味着一件事。
and another to the U.S.A.
另一个到美国
and , I know , in France.
而且，我知道，在法国。
I have served since the first meeting of the nuclear commission on the Human Rights Commission , and I think this point stands out clearly.
我自第一次核委员会会议以来一直在人权委员会任职，我认为这一点非常突出。
The U.S.S.R.
苏联
Representatives assert that they already have achieved many things which we , in what they call the “ bourgeois democracies , ” cannot achieve because their government controls the accomplishment of these things.
代表们声称，他们已经取得了许多我们所谓的“资产阶级民主国家”无法实现的目标，因为他们的政府控制着这些目标的实现。
Our government seems powerless to them because , in the last analysis , it is controlled by the people.
我们的政府对他们来说似乎无能为力，因为归根结底，它是由人民控制的。
They would not put it that way -- they would say that the people in the U.S.S.R.
他们不会那样说——他们会说苏联人民。
control their government by allowing their government to have certain absolute rights.
通过允许政府拥有某些绝对权利来控制他们的政府。
We , on the other hand , feel that certain rights can never be granted to the government , but must be kept in the hands of the people.
另一方面，我们认为某些权利永远不能授予政府，而必须保留在人民手中。
For instance , the U.S.S.R.
例如，苏联
will assert that their press is free because the state makes it free by providing the machinery , the paper , and even the money for salaries for the people who work on the paper.
他们会声称他们的新闻是自由的，因为国家通过提供机器、报纸、甚至为报纸工作人员提供工资来使其自由。
They state that there is no control over what is printed in the various papers that they subsidize in this manner , such , for instance , as a trade union paper.
他们表示，他们无法控制以这种方式资助的各种报纸（例如工会报纸）所印刷的内容。
But what would happen if a paper were to print ideas which were critical of the basic policies and beliefs of the Communist government?
但是，如果报纸刊登批评共产党政府基本政策和信仰的想法，会发生什么？
I am sure some good reason would be found for abolishing the paper.
我确信废除这份报纸会找到一些充分的理由。
It is true that there have been many cases where newspapers in the U.S.S.R.
确实，苏联报纸有很多这样的例子。
have criticized officials and their actions and have been responsible for the removal of those officials , but in doing so they did not criticize anything which was fundamental to Communist beliefs.
他们批评了官员及其行为，并负责罢免这些官员，但在这样做时，他们并没有批评任何对共产主义信仰至关重要的东西。
They simply criticized methods of doing things , so one must differentiate between things which are permissible , such as criticism of any individual or of the manner of doing things , and the criticism of a belief which would be considered vital to the acceptance of Communism.
他们只是批评做事的方法，因此我们必须区分允许的事情，例如对任何个人或做事方式的批评，以及对被认为对接受共产主义至关重要的信仰的批评。
What are the differences , for instance , between trade unions in the totalitarian states and in the democracies?
例如，极权国家和民主国家的工会之间有什么区别？
In the totalitarian state a trade union is an instrument used by the government to enforce duties , not to assert rights.
在极权国家，工会是政府用来执行义务而不是维护权利的工具。
Propaganda material which the government desires the workers to have is furnished to the trade unions to be circulated to their members.
政府希望工人拥有的宣传材料提供给工会，并分发给其成员。
Our trade unions , on the other hand , are solely the instrument of the workers themselves.
另一方面，我们的工会只是工人本身的工具。
They represent the workers in their relations with the government and with management and they are free to develop their own opinions without government help or interference.
他们在与政府和管理层的关系中代表工人，他们可以在没有政府帮助或干预的情况下自由地发表自己的意见。
The concepts of our trade unions and those in totalitarian countries are drastically different.
我们的工会理念和极权国家的工会理念有很大不同。
There is little mutual understanding.
相互了解甚少。
I think the best example one can give of this basic difference of the use of terms is “ the right to work.
我认为，关于术语使用的这一基本差异，最好的例子是“工作权”。
” The Soviet Union insists that this is a basic right which it alone can guarantee because it alone provides full employment by the government.
苏联坚称这是一项只有它才能保证的基本权利，因为只有它才能通过政府提供充分就业。
But the right to work in the Soviet Union means the assignment of workers to do whatever task is given to them by the government without an opportunity for the people to participate in the decision that the government should do this.
但在苏联，工作权意味着指派工人去做政府交给他们的任何任务，而人民没有机会参与政府应该做的决定。
A society in which everyone works is not necessarily a free society and may indeed be a slave society; on the other hand , a society in which there is widespread economic insecurity can turn freedom into a barren and vapid right for millions of people.
一个人人劳动的社会不一定是自由社会，甚至可能是奴隶社会；另一方面，一个普遍存在经济不安全的社会可能会将自由变成数百万人的贫瘠而乏味的权利。
We in the United States have come to realize it means freedom to choose one ’ s job , to work or not to work as one desires.
我们美国人已经认识到，这意味着选择自己的工作、按照自己的意愿工作或不工作的自由。
We , in the United States , have come to realize , however , that people have a right to demand that their government will not allow them to starve because as individuals they cannot find work of the kind they are accustomed to doing and this is a decision brought about by public opinion which came as a result of the great depression in which many people were out of work , but we would not consider in the United States that we had gained any freedom if we were compelled to follow a dictatorial assignment to work where and when we were told.
然而，我们在美国已经认识到，人们有权要求政府不让他们挨饿，因为作为个人，他们找不到自己习惯做的工作，这是舆论做出的决定，是大萧条导致许多人失业的结果，但在美国，如果我们被迫在我们所在的地点和时间工作，我们不会认为我们获得了任何自由。告诉。
The right of choice would seem to us an important , fundamental freedom.
选择权对我们来说似乎是一种重要的、基本的自由。
I have great sympathy with the Russian people.
我对俄罗斯人民深表同情。
They love their country and have always defended it valiantly against invaders.
他们热爱自己的祖国，始终英勇地保卫祖国，抵御侵略者。
They have been through a period of revolution , as a result of which they were for a time cut off from outside contact.
他们经历了一段革命时期，因此一度与外界隔绝。
They have not lost their resulting suspicion of other countries and the great difficulty is today that their government encourages this suspicion and seems to believe that force alone will bring them respect.
他们并没有摆脱由此产生的对其他国家的怀疑，而今天的最大困难是他们的政府鼓励这种怀疑，并且似乎相信单靠武力就能给他们带来尊重。
We , in the democracies , believe in a kind of international respect and action which is reciprocal.
我们民主国家相信一种互惠的国际尊重和行动。
We do not think others should treat us differently from the way they wish to be treated.
我们认为别人对待我们的方式不应与他们希望的方式不同。
It is interference in other countries that especially stirs up antagonism against the Soviet Government.
尤其是对其他国家的干涉，激起了对苏联政府的对抗。
If it wishes to feel secure in developing its economic and political theories within its territory , then it should grant to others that same security.
如果它希望在其领土内发展其经济和政治理论时感到安全，那么它应该给予其他国家同样的安全。
We believe in the freedom of people to make their own mistakes.
我们相信人们有犯错误的自由。
We do not interfere with them and they should not interfere with others.
我们不干涉他们，他们也不应该干涉别人。
The basic problem confronting the world today , as I said in the beginning , is the preservation of human freedom for the individual and consequently for the society of which he is a part.
正如我在开头所说，当今世界面临的基本问题是维护个人的自由，从而维护他所属的社会的自由。
We are fighting this battle again today as it was fought at the time of the French Revolution and at the time of the American Revolution.
今天，我们再次进行这场战斗，就像法国大革命和美国革命时那样。
The issue of human liberty is as decisive now as it was then.
人类自由问题现在和过去一样具有决定性。
I want to give you my conception of what is meant in my country by freedom of the individual.
我想向您介绍我对我国个人自由的理解。
Long ago in London during a discussion with Mr. Vyshinsky , he told me there was no such thing as freedom for the individual in the world.
很久以前，在伦敦与维辛斯基先生讨论时，他告诉我世界上不存在个人自由这样的东西。
All freedom of the individual was conditioned by the rights of other individuals.
个人的所有自由都以其他个人的权利为条件。
That , of course , I granted.
我当然同意这一点。
I said: “ We approach the question from a different point of view; we here in the United Nations are trying to develop ideals which will be broader in outlook , which will consider first the rights of man , which will consider what makes man more free: not governments , but man.
我说：“我们从不同的角度来处理这个问题；我们在联合国正在努力发展视野更广阔的理想，首先考虑人权，考虑什么使人更加自由：不是政府，而是人。
”
”
The totalitarian state typically places the will of the people second to decrees promulgated by a few men at the top.
极权国家通常将人民的意志置于少数高层人物颁布的法令之上。
Naturally there must always be consideration of the rights of others; but in a democracy this is not a restriction.
当然，必须始终考虑他人的权利；但在民主国家这不是限制。
Indeed , in our democracies we make our freedoms secure because each of us is expected to respect the rights of others and we are free to make our own laws.
事实上，在我们的民主国家，我们确保我们的自由，因为我们每个人都应该尊重他人的权利，并且我们可以自由制定自己的法律。
Freedom for our peoples is not only a right , but also a tool.
自由对我们各国人民来说不仅是一项权利，也是一种工具。
Freedom of speech , freedom of the press , freedom of information , freedom of assembly -- these are not just abstract ideals to us; they are tools with which we create a way of life , a way of life in which we can enjoy freedom.
言论自由、新闻自由、信息自由、集会自由——这些对我们来说不仅仅是抽象的理想；它们是我们创造一种生活方式的工具，一种我们可以享受自由的生活方式。
Sometimes the processes of democracy are slow , and I have known some of our leaders to say that a benevolent dictatorship would accomplish the ends desired in a much shorter time than it takes to go through the democratic processes of discussion and the slow formation of public opinion.
有时民主进程是缓慢的，我知道我们的一些领导人说过，仁慈的独裁政权会在比民主讨论进程和缓慢形成舆论所需的时间短得多的时间内实现所期望的目标。
But there is no way of insuring that a dictatorship will remain benevolent or that power once in the hands of a few will be returned to the people without struggle or revolution.
但没有办法确保独裁政权保持仁慈，也无法保证一旦掌握在少数人手中的权力就会在不经斗争或革命的情况下归还给人民。
This we have learned by experience and we accept the slow processes of democracy because we know that shortcuts compromise principles on which no compromise is possible.
这是我们从经验中学到的，我们接受缓慢的民主进程，因为我们知道捷径会损害原则，而原则是不可能妥协的。
The final expression of the opinion of the people with us is through free and honest elections , with valid choices on basic issues and candidates.
我们人民的意见的最终表达是通过自由和诚实的选举，在基本问题和候选人上做出有效的选择。
The secret ballot is an essential to free elections but you must have a choice before you.
无记名投票对于自由选举至关重要，但你必须有选择。
I have heard my husband say many times that a people need never lose their freedom if they kept their right to a secret ballot and if they used that secret ballot to the full.
我多次听我丈夫说过，如果一个民族保留了无记名投票的权利，并且充分利用了无记名投票，那么他们就永远不会失去自由。
Basic decisions of our society are made through the expressed will of the people.
我们社会的基本决策是通过人民表达的意愿做出的。
That is why , when we see these liberties threatened , instead of falling apart our nation becomes unified and our democracies come together as a unified group in spite of our varied backgrounds and many racial strains.
这就是为什么，当我们看到这些自由受到威胁时，我们的国家没有分裂，而是团结起来，我们的民主国家作为一个统一的团体聚集在一起，尽管我们的背景不同，种族压力也很大。
In the United States we have a capitalistic economy.
在美国，我们有资本主义经济。
That is because public opinion favors that type of economy under the conditions in which we live.
这是因为在我们生活的条件下，公众舆论支持这种类型的经济。
But we have imposed certain restraints; for instance , we have antitrust laws.
但我们施加了一定的限制；例如，我们有反垄断法。
These are the legal evidence of the determination of the American people to maintain an economy of free competition and not to allow monopolies to take away the people ’ s freedom.
这些都是美国人民决心维持自由竞争经济、不允许垄断剥夺人民自由的法律证据。
Our trade unions grow stronger because the people come to believe that this is the proper way to guarantee the rights of the workers and that the right to organize and to bargain collectively keeps the balance between the actual producer and the investor of money and the manager in industry who watches over the man who works with his hands and who produces the materials which are our tangible wealth.
我们的工会变得更加强大，因为人们开始相信这是保障工人权利的正确方式，组织和集体谈判的权利保持了实际生产者和金钱投资者与工业管理者之间的平衡，工业管理者监督着那些用手工作并生产我们有形财富的材料的人。
In the United States we are old enough not to claim perfection.
在美国，我们已经足够老了，不能要求完美。
We recognize that we have some problems of discrimination but we find steady progress being made in the solution of these problems.
我们认识到我们存在一些歧视问题，但我们发现这些问题的解决正在稳步取得进展。
Through normal democratic processes we are coming to understand our needs and how we can attain full equality for all our people.
通过正常的民主进程，我们逐渐了解我们的需求以及如何才能实现所有人民的完全平等。
Free discussion on the subject is permitted.
允许对该主题进行自由讨论。
Our Supreme Court has recently rendered decisions to clarify a number of our laws to guarantee the rights of all.
我们的最高法院最近做出了决定，澄清了我们的一些法律，以保障所有人的权利。
The U.S.S.R.
苏联
claims it has reached a point where all races within her borders are officially considered equal and have equal rights and they insist they have no discrimination where minorities are concerned.
声称已经达到了这样的程度：其境内的所有种族都被正式认为是平等的并拥有平等的权利，并且坚称他们对少数群体没有歧视。
This is a laudable objective but there are other aspects of the development of freedom for the individual which are essential before the mere absence of discrimination is worth much , and these are lacking in the Soviet Union.
这是一个值得称赞的目标，但个人自由发展的其他方面也是必不可少的，只有在消除歧视才具有很大价值之前，这些方面都是苏联所缺乏的。
Unless they are being denied freedoms which they want and which they see other people have , people do not usually complain of discrimination.
除非他们想要的和看到其他人拥有的自由被剥夺，否则人们通常不会抱怨歧视。
It is these other freedoms -- the basic freedoms of speech , of the press , of religion and conscience , of assembly , of fair trial and freedom from arbitrary arrest and punishment -- which a totalitarian government cannot safely give its people and which give meaning to freedom from discrimination.
正是这些其他自由——言论自由、新闻自由、宗教和良心自由、集会自由、公平审判自由以及免遭任意逮捕和惩罚的自由——是极权政府无法安全地给予其人民的，也是赋予免遭歧视自由意义的。
It is my belief , and I am sure it is also yours , that the struggle for democracy and freedom is a critical struggle , for their preservation is essential to the great objective of the United Nations to maintain international peace and security.
我相信，我相信你们也相信，争取民主和自由的斗争是一场关键的斗争，因为维护民主和自由对于联合国维护国际和平与安全的伟大目标至关重要。
Among free men the end cannot justify the means.
对于自由人来说，目的不能证明手段的合理性。
We know the patterns of totalitarianism -- the single political party , the control of schools , press , radio , the arts , the sciences , and the church to support autocratic authority; these are the age-old patterns against which men have struggled for three thousand years.
我们知道极权主义的模式——单一政党，控制学校、新闻、广播、艺术、科学和教会来支持专制权威；这些是人类三千年来与之斗争的古老模式。
These are the signs of reaction , retreat , and retrogression.
这些都是反动、退却、倒退的迹象。
The United Nations must hold fast to the heritage of freedom won by the struggle of its peoples; it must help us to pass it on to generations to come.
联合国必须坚守其人民奋斗赢得的自由遗产；它必须帮助我们将其传承给子孙后代。
The development of the ideal of freedom and its translation into the everyday life of the people in great areas of the earth is the product of the efforts of many peoples.
自由理想的发展及其转化为地球广大地区人民的日常生活，是许多人民努力的成果。
It is the fruit of a long tradition of vigorous thinking and courageous action.
它是积极思考和勇敢行动的悠久传统的成果。
No one race and no one people can claim to have done all the work to achieve greater dignity for human beings and greater freedom to develop human personality.
没有任何一个种族、任何一个民族可以声称已经完成了为人类争取更大尊严和发展人类个性的更大自由所做的所有工作。
In each generation and in each country there must be a continuation of the struggle and new steps forward must be taken since this is preeminently a field in which to stand still is to retreat.
每一代人、每一个国家都必须继续斗争，必须迈出新的步伐，因为这是一个停步即退的领域。
The field of human rights is not one in which compromise on fundamental principles is possible.
人权领域不是一个可以在基本原则上妥协的领域。
The work of the Commission on Human Rights is illustrative.
人权委员会的工作很能说明问题。
The Declaration of Human Rights provides: “ Everyone has the right to leave any country , including his own.
《人权宣言》规定：“人人有权离开任何国家，包括他自己的国家。
” The Soviet Representative said he would agree to this right if a single phrase was added to it -- “ in accordance with the procedure laid down in the laws of that country.
” 苏联代表表示，如果在其中添加一个短语，他将同意这项权利——“按照该国法律规定的程序。
” It is obvious that to accept this would be not only to compromise but to nullify the right stated.
显然，接受这一点不仅意味着妥协，而且意味着取消所规定的权利。
This case forcefully illustrates the importance of the proposition that we must ever be alert not to compromise fundamental human rights merely for the sake of reaching unanimity and thus lose them.
这个案例有力地说明了这样一个命题的重要性：我们必须时刻警惕，不要为了达成一致而损害基本人权，从而失去基本人权。
As I see it , it is not going to be easy to attain unanimity with respect to our different concepts of government and human rights.
在我看来，就我们不同的政府和人权概念达成一致并不容易。
The struggle is bound to be difficult and one in which we must be firm but patient.
这场斗争注定是艰难的，我们必须坚定但有耐心。
If we adhere faithfully to our principles I think it is possible for us to maintain freedom and to do so peacefully and without recourse to force.
如果我们忠实地坚持我们的原则，我认为我们有可能维护自由，并且以和平方式而不诉诸武力。
The future must see the broadening of human rights throughout the world.
未来必须看到人权在全世界得到扩展。
People who have glimpsed freedom will never be content until they have secured it for themselves.
那些瞥见自由的人永远不会满足，除非他们为自己争取到了自由。
In a true sense , human rights are a fundamental object of law and government in a just society.
从真正意义上讲，人权是正义社会中法律和政府的基本目标。
Human rights exist to the degree that they are respected by people in relations with each other and by governments in relations with their citizens.
人权的存在取决于人与人之间以及政府与公民之间的关系中尊重人权的程度。
The world at large is aware of the tragic consequences for human beings ruled by totalitarian systems.
全世界都意识到极权制度统治下的人类所遭受的悲惨后果。
If we examine Hitler ’ s rise to power , we see how the chains are forged which keep the individual a slave and we can see many similarities in the way things are accomplished in other countries.
如果我们审视希特勒的崛起，我们就会看到锁链是如何铸造的，使个人成为奴隶，我们可以看到其他国家在完成事情的方式上有许多相似之处。
Politically men must be free to discuss and to arrive at as many facts as possible and there must be at least a two-party system in a country because when there is only one political party , too many things can be subordinated to the interests of that one party and it becomes a tyrant and not an instrument of democratic government.
在政治上，人们必须自由地讨论并得出尽可能多的事实，一个国家必须至少有一个两党制度，因为当只有一个政党时，太多的事情可以服从该党的利益，它就会成为暴君，而不是民主政府的工具。
The propaganda we have witnessed in the recent past , like that we perceive in these days , seeks to impugn , to undermine , and to destroy the liberty and independence of peoples.
我们最近目睹的宣传，就像我们今天所看到的那样，旨在指责、破坏和摧毁各国人民的自由和独立。
Such propaganda poses to all peoples the issue whether to doubt their heritage of rights and therefore to compromise the principles by which they live , or try to accept the challenge , redouble their vigilance , and stand steadfast in the struggle to maintain and enlarge human freedoms.
这种宣传向各国人民提出了一个问题：是怀疑他们所继承的权利，从而损害他们赖以生存的原则，还是尝试接受挑战，加倍警惕，坚定不移地为维护和扩大人类自由而斗争。
People who continue to be denied the respect to which they are entitled as human beings will not acquiesce forever in such denial.
那些继续被剥夺作为人类应有的尊重的人们不会永远默许这种否认。
The Charter of the United Nations is a guiding beacon along the way to the achievement of human rights and fundamental freedoms throughout the world.
《联合国宪章》是全世界实现人权和基本自由的指路明灯。
The immediate test is not only the extent to which human rights and freedoms have already been achieved , but the direction in which the world is moving.
眼前的考验不仅是人权和自由已经实现的程度，而且是世界前进的方向。
Is there a faithful compliance with the objectives of the Charter if some countries continue to curtail human rights and freedoms instead of to promote the universal respect for and observance of human rights and freedoms for all as called for by the Charter?
如果一些国家继续限制人权和自由，而不是按照《宪章》的要求促进对所有人的人权和自由的普遍尊重和遵守，这是否是对《宪章》目标的忠实遵守？
The place to discuss the issue of human rights is in the forum of the United Nations.
讨论人权问题的地方是在联合国论坛。
The United Nations has been set up as the common meeting ground for nations , where we can consider together our mutual problems and take advantage of our differences in experience.
联合国是各国共同的聚会场所，在这里我们可以共同考虑我们共同的问题并利用我们的经验差异。
It is inherent in our firm attachment to democracy and freedom that we stand always ready to use the fundamental democratic procedures of honest discussion and negotiation.
我们对民主和自由的坚定执着与生俱来，我们随时准备使用诚实讨论和谈判的基本民主程序。
It is now as always our hope that despite the wide differences in approach we face in the world today , we can with mutual good faith in the principles of the United Nations Charter arrive at a common basis for understanding.
我们现在一如既往地希望，尽管当今世界在做法上存在巨大分歧，但我们能够本着对《联合国宪章》原则的共同诚意，达成共同的理解基础。
We are here to join the meetings of this great international Assembly which meets in your beautiful capital city of Paris.
我们来这里是为了参加在你们美丽的首都巴黎举行的这一伟大的国际大会的会议。
Freedom for the individual is an inseparable part of the cherished traditions of France.
个人自由是法国所珍视的传统不可分割的一部分。
As one of the Delegates from the United States I pray Almighty God that we may win another victory here for the rights and freedoms of all men.
作为美国代表之一，我祈求全能的上帝，让我们能够在这里为所有人的权利和自由赢得另一场胜利。
This text was established from the 1949 Department of State printing cited above.
本文本是根据上述引用的 1949 年国务院印刷制定的。
Each page was verified against the page images, and the text follows that printing except for the departures listed below.
每一页都根据页面图像进行验证，并且文本遵循打印内容，但下面列出的偏差除外。
The Department of State's text is the officially released version of the address, not a verbatim record of its delivery.
国务院的文本是该地址的正式发布版本，而不是其传递的逐字记录。
Editorial conventions: Punctuation has been adapted for contemporary readers.
编辑惯例：标点符号已针对当代读者进行了调整。
Dashes are rendered as spaced double hyphens.
破折号呈现为间隔双连字符。
Paragraphing, capitalization, and numerals follow the 1949 printing.
段落、大写和数字沿袭 1949 年印刷。
A word divided at a line end ("wide-/spread") is given in its modern form.
在行尾分开的单词（“wide-/spread”）以其现代形式给出。
Departures from the printed text: "the other hand" for the printed "the the other hand" (a doubled word); "respect for and observance" for the printed "respect for an observance," following the Charter language quoted earlier in the address; "trade union(s)" for "trade-union(s)"; "shortcuts" for "short-cuts"; "antitrust" for "anti-trust." Preparation: This version is a joint production of Michael E.
与印刷文本不同：“另一只手”为印刷的“另一只手”（双字）； “尊重和遵守”为印刷版的“尊重遵守规则”，遵循之前在讲话中引用的宪章语言； “工会”为“工会”； “捷径”换“捷径”； “反托拉斯”为“反托拉斯”。准备工作：此版本与 Michael E. 联合制作。
Eidenmuller and Claude Opus 5.5, an AI model developed by Anthropic.
Eidenmuller 和 Claude Opus 5.5，Anthropic 开发的人工智能模型。