Farewell Address (1796)

If my humble efforts have in any degree contributed to preserve to you these blessings, I have been more than rewarded by the honors you have heaped upon me, and, above all, by the generous confidence with which you have supported me in every peril, and with which you have continued to animate and cheer my path to the closing hour of my political life.

如果我的微薄努力在一定程度上为您保留了这些祝福，那么您给予我的荣誉，尤其是您在每一次危险中支持我的慷慨信任，以及您在我政治生涯最后时刻继续激励和鼓舞我的道路，都让我得到了更多的回报。

The time has now come when advanced age and a broken frame warn me to retire from public concerns, but the recollection of the many favors you have bestowed upon me is engraven upon my heart, and I have felt that I could not part from your service without making this public acknowledgment of the gratitude I owe you.

现在，年事已高、身体虚弱，警告我不再关心公共事务，但您给予我的诸多恩惠却铭刻在我的心上，我觉得如果不公开表达我对您的感激之情，我就无法离开您的服务。

And if I use the occasion to offer to you the counsels of age and experience, you will, I trust, receive them with the same indulgent kindness which you have so often extended to me, and will at least see in them an earnest desire to perpetuate in this favored land the blessings of liberty and equal law.

如果我利用这个机会向您提供年龄和经验的建议，我相信您会以您经常向我提供的同样宽容的善意接受它们，并且至少会在它们中看到一种热切的愿望，即在这片受青睐的土地上永久保留自由和平等法律的祝福。

We have now lived almost fifty years under the Constitution framed by the sages and patriots of the Revolution.

我们在革命圣贤和爱国者制定的宪法下已经生活了近五十年。

The conflicts in which the nations of Europe were engaged during a great part of this period, the spirit in which they waged war against each other, and our intimate commercial connections with every part of the civilized world rendered it a time of much difficulty for the Government of the United States.

欧洲各国在这一时期的大部分时间里所陷入的冲突、它们相互发动战争的精神以及我们与文明世界各个部分的密切商业联系，使美国政府度过了一段非常困难的时期。

We have had our seasons of peace and of war, with all the evils which precede or follow a state of hostility with powerful nations.

我们经历过和平时期和战争时期，以及与强国敌对状态之前或之后的所有罪恶。

We encountered these trials with our Constitution yet in its infancy, and under the disadvantages which a new and untried government must always feel when it is called upon to put forth its whole strength without the lights of experience to guide it or the weight of precedents to justify its measures.

我们的宪法还处于起步阶段，我们就遇到了这些考验，而一个未经考验的新政府在没有经验的指导或先例的分量来证明其措施的合理性的情况下，被要求发挥其全部力量时，必然会感到不利。

But we have passed triumphantly through all these difficulties.

但我们都胜利地渡过了这一切困难。

Our Constitution is no longer a doubtful experiment, and at the end of nearly half a century we find that it has preserved unimpaired the liberties of the people, secured the rights of property, and that our country has improved and is flourishing beyond any former example in the history of nations.

我们的宪法不再是一个令人怀疑的实验，在近半个世纪结束时，我们发现它完好无损地维护了人民的自​​由，保障了财产权，我们的国家已经进步并正在繁荣，超越了任何国家历史上的任何先例。

In our domestic concerns there is everything to encourage us, and if you are true to yourselves nothing can impede your march to the highest point of national prosperity.

在我们的国内事务中，一切都可以鼓励我们，如果你们忠于自己，没有什么可以阻止你们走向国家繁荣的最高点。

The States which had so long been retarded in their improvement by the Indian tribes residing in the midst of them are at length relieved from the evil, and this unhappy race--the original dwellers in our land--are now placed in a situation where we may well hope that they will share in the blessings of civilization and be saved from that degradation and destruction to which they were rapidly' hastening while they remained in the States; and while the safety and comfort of our own citizens have been greatly promoted by their removal, the philanthropist will rejoice that the remnant of that ill-fated race has been at length placed beyond the reach of injury or oppression, and that the paternal care of the General Government will hereafter watch over them and protect them.

长期以来，由于居住在其中的印第安部落而阻碍了各州的进步，这些州终于摆脱了邪恶，而这个不幸的种族——我们土地上的原始居民——现在处于这样一种境地：我们很可能希望他们能够分享文明的祝福，并从他们留在各州时迅速加速的退化和破坏中得到拯救；虽然我们自己公民的安全和舒适因他们的迁移而得到了极大的改善，但慈善家会感到高兴的是，这个不幸的种族的残余分子终于被置于伤害或压迫的范围之外，并且联邦政府将在今后以慈父般的方式照顾他们并保护他们。

If we turn to our relations with foreign powers, we find our condition equally gratifying.

如果我们转向与外国列强的关系，我们会发现我们的状况同样令人满意。

Actuated by the sincere desire to do justice to every nation and to preserve the blessings of peace, our intercourse with them has been conducted on the part of this Government in the spirit of frankness; and I take pleasure in saying that it has generally been met in a corresponding temper.

出于对每个国家公正对待并维护和平福祉的真诚愿望，本届政府本着坦诚的精神与他们进行交往；我很高兴地说，人们通常以相应的态度来满足这一点。

Difficulties of old standing have been surmounted by friendly discussion and the mutual desire to be just, and the claims of our citizens, which had been long withheld, have at length been acknowledged and adjusted and satisfactory arrangements made for their final payment; and with a limited, and I trust a temporary, exception, our relations with every foreign power are now of the most friendly character, our commerce continually expanding, and our flag respected in every quarter of the world.

友好的讨论和公正的共同愿望已经克服了旧有的困难，我们公民长期压抑的要求终于得到承认和调整，并为他们的最终付款做出了令人满意的安排；在有限的情况下，我相信这是暂时的例外，我们与每个外国势力的关系现在都处于最友好的状态，我们的贸易不断扩大，我们的国旗在世界每个角落都受到尊重。

These cheering and grateful prospects and these multiplied favors we owe, under Providence, to the adoption of the Federal Constitution.

这些令人振奋和感激的前景以及这些倍增的恩惠，在上帝的指引下，归功于联邦宪法的通过。

It is no longer a question whether this great country can remain happily united and flourish under our present form of government.

在我们目前的政府形式下，这个伟大的国家能否保持幸福的团结和繁荣已经不再是问题。

Experience, the unerring test of all human undertakings, has shown the wisdom and foresight of those who formed it, and has proved that in the union of these States there is a sure foundation for the brightest hopes of freedom and for the happiness of the people.

经验是对所有人类事业的准确检验，它显示了那些创造者的智慧和远见，并证明在这些国家的联盟中，为自由和人民的幸福的最光明的希望奠定了坚实的基础。

At every hazard and by every sacrifice this Union must be preserved.

无论遇到什么危险，做出什么牺牲，这个联盟都必须得到维护。

The necessity of watching with jealous anxiety for the preservation of the Union was earnestly pressed upon his fellow-citizens by the Father of his Country in his Farewell Address.

国父在告别演说中向他的同胞们郑重地强调，必须怀着嫉妒和焦虑的心情来维护联邦。

He has there told us that "while experience shall not have demonstrated its impracticability, there will always be reason to distrust the patriotism of those who in any quarter may endeavor to weaken its bands;" and he has cautioned us in the strongest terms against the formation of parties on geographical discriminations, as one of the means which might disturb our Union and to which designing men would be likely to resort.

他在那里告诉我们，“虽然经验不会证明其不切实际，但总是有理由怀疑那些在任何方面可能试图削弱其势力的人的爱国主义；”他以最强烈的措辞警告我们不要组建基于地域歧视的政党，因为这是可能扰乱我们联盟的手段之一，也是阴谋家可能会采取的手段之一。

The lessons contained in this invaluable legacy of Washington to his countrymen should be cherished in the heart of every citizen to the latest generation; and perhaps at no period of time could they be more usefully remembered than at the present moment; for when we look upon the scenes that are passing around us and dwell upon the pages of his parting address, his paternal counsels would seem to be not merely the offspring of wisdom and foresight, but the voice of prophecy, foretelling events and warning us of the evil to come.

华盛顿给他的同胞留下的宝贵遗产中所包含的教训应该铭记在每个公民乃至最新一代的心中；也许在任何时候，它们都比现在更能被人们铭记。因为当我们环顾周围发生的场景，细想他的临别致辞时，他的慈父般的忠告似乎不仅仅是智慧和远见的产物，而且是预言的声音，预示着即将发生的事件并警告我们即将到来的灾难。

Forty years have passed since this imperishable document was given to his countrymen.

自从这份不朽的文件交给他的同胞以来，四十年过去了。

The Federal Constitution was then regarded by him as an experiment--and he so speaks of it in his Address--but an experiment upon the success of which the best hopes of his country depended; and we all know that he was prepared to lay down his life, if necessary, to secure to it a full and a fair trial.

当时，联邦宪法被他视为一项实验——他在他的演说中如此谈到这一点——但他的国家的最大希望取决于这项实验的成功。我们都知道，如有必要，他准备牺牲自己的生命，以确保得到充分和公正的审判。

The trial has been made.

审判已经进行。

It has succeeded beyond the proudest hopes of those who framed it.

它的成功超出了那些策划它的人最自豪的希望。

Every quarter of this widely extended nation has felt its blessings and shared in the general prosperity produced by its adoption.

这个幅员辽阔的国家的每一个角落都感受到了它的祝福，并分享了它的采用所带来的普遍繁荣。

But amid this general prosperity and splendid success the dangers of which he warned us are becoming every day more evident, and the signs of evil are sufficiently apparent to awaken the deepest anxiety in the bosom of the patriot.

但在这种普遍的繁荣和辉煌的成功中，他警告我们的危险日益明显，邪恶的迹象足够明显，足以唤醒爱国者心中最深的焦虑。

We behold systematic efforts publicly made to sow the seeds of discord between different parts of the United States and to place party divisions directly upon geographical distinctions; to excite the South against the North and the North against the South , and to force into the controversy the most delicate and exciting topics--topics upon which it is impossible that a large portion of the Union can ever speak without strong emotion.

我们看到公开有系统地在美国不同地区之间播下不和的种子，并将党派分歧直接归因于地理差异；激起南方反对北方和北方反对南方，并把最微妙和最激动人心的话题强加到争论中——在这些话题上，联邦的大部分人不可能不带着强烈的情感发言。

Appeals, too, are constantly made to sectional interests in order to influence the election of the Chief Magistrate, as if it were desired that he should favor a particular quarter of the country instead of fulfilling the duties of his station with impartial justice to all; and the possible dissolution of the Union has at length become an ordinary and familiar subject of discussion.

为了影响首席法官的选举，人们也不断地诉诸局部利益，似乎希望他偏爱国家的某一部分，而不是公正地履行自己的职责，对所有人都公平；联盟的可能解散最终成为一个常见且熟悉的讨论话题。

Has the warning voice of Washington been forgotten, or have designs already been formed to sever the Union?

是华盛顿的警告声音被遗忘了，还是分裂联盟的计划已经形成？

Let it not be supposed that I impute to all of those who have taken an active part in these unwise and unprofitable discussions a want of patriotism or of public virtue.

请不要认为我将所有积极参与这些不明智和无利可图的讨论的人归咎于缺乏爱国主义或公共美德。

The honorable feeling of State pride and local attachments finds a place in the bosoms of the most enlightened and pure.

国家自豪感和地方依恋的光荣感在最开明和最纯洁的人的心中占有一席之地。

But while such men are conscious of their own integrity and honesty of purpose, they ought never to forget that the citizens of other States are their political brethren, and that however mistaken they may be in their views, the great body of them are equally honest and upright with themselves.

但是，尽管这些人意识到自己的正直和诚实的目的，但他们永远不应该忘记其他国家的公民是他们的政治兄弟，无论他们的观点多么错误，他们的伟大团体对自己同样诚实和正直。

Mutual suspicions and reproaches may in time create mutual hostility, and artful and designing men will always be found who are ready to foment these fatal divisions and to inflame the natural jealousies of different sections of the country.

相互猜疑和指责最终可能会造成相互敌意，而狡猾而有阴谋的人总是会发现，他们随时准备煽动这些致命的分歧，并激起国家不同阶层的自然嫉妒。

The history of the world is full of such examples, and especially the history of republics.

世界历史上，尤其是共和国历史上，这样的例子比比皆是。

What have you to gain by division and dissension?

分裂和纷争对你有什么好处？

Delude not yourselves with the belief that a breach once made may be afterwards repaired.

不要自欺欺人地相信一旦出现裂痕之后就可以修复。

If the Union is once severed, the line of separation will grow wider and wider, and the controversies which are now debated and settled in the halls of legislation will then be tried in fields of battle and determined by the sword.

如果联邦一旦分裂，分裂线将会越来越宽，现在在立法大厅里争论和解决的争议将在战场上受到审判并用刀剑来决定。

Neither should you deceive yourselves with the hope that the first line of separation would be the permanent one, and that nothing but harmony and concord would be found in the new associations formed upon the dissolution of this Union.

你们也不应该欺骗自己，希望第一道分离线将是永久的，并且在本联盟解体后形成的新协会中只会找到和谐与和谐。

Local interests would still be found there, and unchastened ambition.

地方利益仍然存在，野心未减。

And if the recollection of common dangers, in which the people of these United States stood side by side against the common foe, the memory of victories won by their united valor, the prosperity and happiness they have enjoyed under the present Constitution, the proud name they bear as citizens of this great Republic--if all these recollections and proofs of common interest are not strong enough to bind us together as one people, what tie will hold united the new divisions of empire when these bonds have been broken and this Union dissevered?

如果对共同危险的回忆，这些美国人民并肩对抗共同的敌人，对他们通过团结的勇气赢得胜利的记忆，他们在现行宪法下所享有的繁荣和幸福，他们作为这个伟大共和国公民所享有的自豪名声——如果所有这些记忆和共同利益的证据不足以将我们作为一个民族团结在一起，那么当这些纽带被打破并且这个联邦分裂时，什么纽带将把新的帝国分裂团结在一起呢？

The first line of separation would not last for a single generation; new fragments would be torn off, new leaders would spring up, and this great and glorious Republic would soon be broken into a multitude of petty States, without commerce, without credit, jealous of one another, armed for mutual aggression, loaded with taxes to pay armies and leaders, seeking aid against each other from foreign powers, insulted and trampled upon by the nations of Europe, until, harassed with conflicts and humbled and debased in spirit, they would be ready to submit to the absolute dominion of any military adventurer and to surrender their liberty for the sake of repose.

第一道分隔线不会持续一代人；新的碎片将被撕碎，新的领导人将涌现，这个伟大而光荣的共和国将很快分裂成众多小国，没有商业，没有信用，彼此嫉妒，武装起来相互侵略，为军队和领导人缴纳大量税款，相互寻求外国势力的援助，受到欧洲国家的侮辱和践踏，直到他们受到冲突的困扰，精神上的卑微和堕落，准备屈服于任何国家的绝对统治。军事冒险家并为了休息而放弃自由。

It is impossible to look on the consequences that would inevitably follow the destruction of this Government and not feel indignant when we hear cold calculations about the value of the Union and have so constantly before us a line of conduct so well calculated to weaken its ties.

当我们听到对联盟价值的冷酷计算，并且不断地看到一系列精心策划的旨在削弱联盟关系的行为时，我们不可能不感到愤慨。

There is too much at stake to allow pride or passion to influence your decision.

风险太大，不能让骄傲或激情影响你的决定。

Never for a moment believe that the great body of the citizens of any State or States can deliberately intend to do wrong.

永远不要相信任何一个或多个国家的广大公民会故意做错事。

They may, under the influence of temporary excitement or misguided opinions, commit mistakes; they may be misled for a time by the suggestions of self-interest; but in a community so enlightened and patriotic as the people of the United States argument will soon make them sensible of their errors, and when convinced they will be ready to repair them.

他们可能会在一时的兴奋或错误的意见的影响下犯下错误；他们可能会暂时被自身利益的暗示所误导；但在像美国人民这样开明和爱国的社会里，争论很快就会使他们意识到自己的错误，一旦确信，他们就会准备好纠正这些错误。

If they have no higher or better motives to govern them, they will at least perceive that their own interest requires them to be just to others, as they hope to receive justice at their hands.

如果他们没有更高更好的动机来统治他们，他们至少会认识到自己的利益要求他们公正地对待他人，因为他们希望在自己手中得到正义。

But in order to maintain the Union unimpaired it is absolutely necessary that the laws passed by the constituted authorities should be faithfully executed in every part of the country, and that every good citizen should at all times stand ready to put down, with the combined force of the nation, every attempt at unlawful resistance, under whatever pretext it may be made or whatever shape it may assume.

但是，为了保持联邦不受损害，绝对有必要在全国各地忠实地执行法定当局通过的法律，并且每个好公民都应该随时准备以国家的联合力量镇压一切非法抵抗的企图，无论其以何种借口或采取何种形式。

Unconstitutional or oppressive laws may no doubt be passed by Congress, either from erroneous views or the want of due consideration; if they are within the reach of judicial authority, the remedy is easy and peaceful; and if, from the character of the law, it is an abuse of power not within the control of the judiciary, then free discussion and calm appeals to reason and to the justice of the people will not fail to redress the wrong.

国会毫无疑问可能会因为错误的观点或缺乏应有的考虑而通过违宪或压迫性的法律；如果他们在司法机关的管辖范围内，补救措施是容易且和平的；如果从法律的性质来看，这是司法机关无法控制的滥用权力的行为，那么自由讨论和冷静地诉诸理性和人民的正义将不会无法纠正错误。

But until the law shall be declared void by the courts or repealed by Congress no individual or combination of individuals can be justified in forcibly resisting its execution.

但在该法律被法院宣布无效或被国会废除之前，任何个人或个人组合都没有理由强行抵制其执行。

It is impossible that any government can continue to exist upon any other principles.

任何政府都不可能在任何其他原则上继续存在。

It would cease to be a government and be unworthy of the name if it had not the power to enforce the execution of its own laws within its own sphere of action.

如果它没有权力在自己的行动范围内强制执行自己的法律，那么它就不再是一个政府，也就名不副实了。

It is true that cases may be imagined disclosing such a settled purpose of usurpation and oppression on the part of the Government as would justify an appeal to arms.

诚然，可以想象，一些案例揭示了政府的篡夺和压迫的既定目的，因此有理由诉诸武力。

These, however, are extreme cases, which we have no reason to apprehend in a government where the power is in the hands of a patriotic people.

然而，这些都是极端的例子，在权力掌握在爱国人民手中的政府中，我们没有理由担心这种情况。

And no citizen who loves his country would in any case whatever resort to forcible resistance unless he clearly saw that the time had come when a freeman should prefer death to submission; for if such a struggle is once begun, and the citizens of one section of the country arrayed in arms against those of another in doubtful conflict, let the battle result as it may, there will be an end of the Union and with it an end to the hopes of freedom.

热爱祖国的公民在任何情况下都不会诉诸武力抵抗，除非他清楚地看到自由人宁愿死也不愿屈服的时刻已经到来。因为，如果这样的斗争一旦开始，而该国某个地区的公民武装起来反对另一地区的公民，无论战斗的结果如何，联邦都会终结，自由的希望也随之终结。

The victory of the injured would not secure to them the blessings of liberty; it would avenge their wrongs, but they would themselves share in the common ruin.

受伤者的胜利并不能保证他们获得自由的祝福；这将为他们的错误报仇，但他们自己也将分享共同的毁灭。

But the Constitution can not be maintained nor the Union preserved, in opposition to public feeling, by the mere exertion of the coercive powers confided to the General Government.

但是，违背公众的意愿，仅仅通过行使授予联邦政府的强制权力，既不能维持宪法，也不能保存联邦。

The foundations must be laid in the affections of the people, in the security it gives to life, liberty, character, and property in every quarter of the country, and in the fraternal attachment which the citizens of the several States bear to one another as members of one political family, mutually contributing to promote the happiness of each other.

基础必须建立在人民的感情上，建立在国家每个地区对生命、自由、品格和财产的保障上，建立在各州公民作为同一个政治大家庭的成员相互之间的兄弟情谊上，为促进彼此的幸福而相互促进的基础上。

Hence the citizens of every State should studiously avoid everything calculated to wound the sensibility or offend the just pride of the people of other States, and they should frown upon any proceedings within their own borders likely to disturb the tranquillity of their political brethren in other portions of the Union.

因此，每个州的公民都应该刻意避免一切蓄意伤害其他州人民的情感或冒犯其正义骄傲的行为，并且他们应该反对在自己境内发生的任何可能扰乱联邦其他地区政治兄弟安宁的诉讼。

In a country so extensive as the United States, and with pursuits so varied, the internal regulations of the several States must frequently differ from one another in important particulars, and this difference is unavoidably increased by the varying principles upon which the American colonies were originally planted--principles which had taken deep root in their social relations before the Revolution, and therefore of necessity influencing their policy since they became free and independent States.

在像美国这样幅员辽阔、追求如此多样的国家里，几个州的内部法规在重要细节上必然经常有所不同，而这种差异不可避免地由于美洲殖民地最初建立时所依据的不同原则而加剧——这些原则在革命前就已在其社会关系中根深蒂固，因此自它们成为自由独立国家以来必然影响其政策。

But each State has the unquestionable right to regulate its own internal concerns according to its own pleasure, and while it does not interfere with the rights of the people of other States or the rights of the Union, every State must be the sole judge of the measures proper to secure the safety of its citizens and promote their happiness; and all efforts on the part of people of other States to cast odium upon their institutions, and all measures calculated to disturb their rights of property or to put in jeopardy their peace and internal tranquillity, are in direct opposition to the spirit in which the Union was formed, and must endanger its safety.

但是，每个州都毫无疑问有权根据自己的意愿调节自己的内部事务，虽然它不干涉其他州人民的权利或联邦的权利，但每个州都必须是确保其公民安全和促进其幸福的适当措施的唯一判断者；其他国家人民对其机构进行的一切诋毁行为，以及一切旨在扰乱其财产权或危及其和平与内部安宁的措施，都直接违背了联盟成立的精神，并且必然危及联盟的安全。

Motives of philanthropy may be assigned for this unwarrantable interference, and weak men may persuade themselves for a moment that they are laboring in the cause of humanity and asserting the rights of the human race; but everyone, upon sober reflection, will see that nothing but mischief can come from these improper assaults upon the feelings and rights of others.

这种无理的干涉可能是出于慈善事业的动机，弱者可能会暂时说服自己，他们正在为人类事业而努力，并维护人类的权利；但每个人经过清醒的思考都会发现，这些对他人感情和权利的不正当攻击只会带来恶果。

Rest assured that the men found busy in this work of discord are not worthy of your confidence, and deserve your strongest reprobation.

请放心，那些忙于这种不和谐工作的人不值得你信任，他们应该受到你最强烈的谴责。

In the legislation of Congress also, and in every measure of the General Government, justice to every portion of the United States should be faithfully observed.

在国会的立法中，以及在联邦政府的每一项措施中，美国各地的正义都应该得到忠实遵守。

No free government can stand without virtue in the people and a lofty spirit of patriotism, and if the sordid feelings of mere selfishness shall usurp the place which ought to be filled by public spirit, the legislation of Congress will soon be converted into a scramble for personal and sectional advantages.

没有人民的美德和崇高的爱国主义精神，任何自由政府都无法立足，如果纯粹自私的肮脏感情取代了应由公共精神填补的位置，国会的立法很快就会变成对个人和部门利益的争夺。

Under our free institutions the citizens of every quarter of our country are capable of attaining a high degree of prosperity and happiness without seeking to profit themselves at the expense of others; and every such attempt must in the end fail to succeed, for the people in every part of the United States are too enlightened not to understand their own rights and interests and to detect and defeat every effort to gain undue advantages over them; and when such designs are discovered it naturally provokes resentments which can not always be easily allayed.

在我们的自由制度下，我国各个地区的公民都能够获得高度的繁荣和幸福，而无需以牺牲他人的利益为代价来谋求自己的利益；每一次这样的尝试最终都必定会失败，因为美国各地的人民都太开明了，他们不会不了解自己的权利和利益，也不会不识破并挫败一切企图获得不正当优势的行为；当这种设计被发现时，自然会引起怨恨，而这种怨恨并不总是能轻易平息。

Justice--full and ample justice to every portion of the United States should be the ruling principle of every freeman, and should guide the deliberations of every public body, whether it be State or national.

正义——对美国每一个部分的充分和充分的正义应该是每个自由人的统治原则，并且应该指导每个公共机构的审议，无论是州还是国家。

It is well known that there have always been those amongst us who wish to enlarge the powers of the.

众所周知，我们当中一直有人希望扩大政府的权力。

General Government, and experience would seem to indicate that there is a tendency on the part of this Government to overstep the boundaries marked out for it by the Constitution.

广义政府和经验似乎表明，本届政府有超越宪法为其划定界限的倾向。

Its legitimate authority is abundantly sufficient for all the purposes for which it was created, and its powers being expressly enumerated, there can be no justification for claiming anything beyond them.

它的合法权威足以实现其创建的所有目的，并且其权力被明确列举，没有理由要求任何超出这些目的的权利。

Every attempt to exercise power beyond these limits should be promptly and firmly opposed, for one evil example will lead to other measures still more mischievous; and if the principle of constructive powers or supposed advantages or temporary circumstances shall ever be permitted to justify the assumption of a power not given by the Constitution, the General Government will before long absorb all the powers of legislation, and you will have in effect but one consolidated government.

一切超出这些限度行使权力的企图都应立即坚决反对，因为一个邪恶的例子将导致其他更加有害的措施；如果推定权力或假定的优势或临时情况的原则被允许证明宪法未赋予的权力的合理性，那么联邦政府很快就会吸收所有立法权，而您实际上将拥有一个联合政府。

From the extent of our country, its diversified interests, different pursuits, and different habits, it is too obvious for argument that a single consolidated government would be wholly inadequate to watch over and protect its interests; and every friend of our free institutions should be always prepared to maintain unimpaired and in full vigor the rights and sovereignty of the States and to confine the action of the General Government strictly to the sphere of its appropriate duties.

从我国幅员辽阔、利益多元化、追求不同、习惯不同来看，单一的联合政府不足以监督和保护其利益，这是不言而喻的；我们自由机构的每一位朋友都应该时刻准备好维护各国的权利和主权不受损害和充满活力，并将联邦政府的行动严格限制在其适当的职责范围内。

There is, perhaps, no one of the powers conferred on the Federal Government so liable to abuse as the taxing power.

也许，没有哪一项赋予联邦政府的权力比征税权更容易被滥用。

The most productive and convenient sources of revenue were necessarily given to it, that it might be able to perform the important duties imposed upon it; and the taxes which it lays upon commerce being concealed from the real payer in the price of the article, they do not so readily attract the attention of the people as smaller sums demanded from them directly by the taxgatherer.

必须给予它最富有成效和最方便的收入来源，以便它能够履行赋予它的重要职责；而且它对商业征收的税款以商品价格的形式向真正的支付者隐瞒了，因此它们不像收税人直接向人们索要的小额税款那样容易引起人们的注意。

But the tax imposed on goods enhances by so much the price of the commodity to the consumer, and as many of these duties are imposed on articles of necessity which are daily used by the great body of the people, the money raised by these imposts is drawn from their pockets.

但是，对商品征收的税大大提高了消费者的商品价格，而且由于许多关税是对广大人民日常使用的必需品征收的，因此这些关税筹集的钱都是从他们的口袋里掏出来的。

Congress has no right under the Constitution to take money from the people unless it is required to execute some one of the specific powers intrusted to the Government; and if they raise more than is necessary for such purposes, it is an abuse of the power of taxation, and unjust and oppressive.

根据宪法，国会无权向人民收取金钱，除非需要执行赋予政府的某些特定权力；如果他们筹集的资金超过了实现这一目的所需的数额，那就是滥用税收权力，是不公正和压迫性的。

It may indeed happen that the revenue will sometimes exceed the amount anticipated when the taxes were laid.

确实有时收入会超过征税时的预期金额。

When, however, this is ascertained, it is easy to reduce them, and in such a case it is unquestionably the duty of the Government to reduce them, for no circumstances can justify it in assuming a power not given to it by the Constitution nor in taking away the money of the people when it is not needed for the legitimate wants of the Government.

然而，一旦确定了这一点，就很容易减少它们，在这种情况下，毫无疑问，政府有责任减少它们，因为在任何情况下都不能证明政府有理由承担宪法未赋予的权力，也不能在政府合法需要不需要的情况下拿走人民的钱。

Plain as these principles appear to be, you will yet find there is a constant effort to induce the General Government to go beyond the limits of its taxing power and to impose unnecessary burdens upon the people.

尽管这些原则看起来很简单，但你会发现有人不断地努力诱使联邦政府超越其征税权力的限制，给人民带来不必要的负担。

Many powerful interests are continually at work to procure heavy duties on commerce and to swell the revenue beyond the real necessities of the public service, and the country has already felt the injurious effects of their combined influence.

许多强大的利益集团不断地在努力获取沉重的商业税，并使收入超出公共服务的实际需要，而国家已经感受到了它们综合影响力的有害影响。

They succeeded in obtaining a tariff of duties bearing most oppressively on the agricultural and laboring classes of society and producing a revenue that could not be usefully employed within the range of the powers conferred upon Congress, and in order to fasten upon the people this unjust and unequal system of taxation extravagant schemes of internal improvement were got up in various quarters to squander the money and to purchase support.

他们成功地获得了对社会农业和劳动阶级造成最严重压迫的关税，并产生了无法在国会授予的权力范围内有效使用的收入，并且为了将这种不公正和不平等的税收制度强加于人民，各个方面都制定了奢侈的内部改进计划，以挥霍金钱和购买支持。

Thus one unconstitutional measure was intended to be upheld by another, and the abuse of the power of taxation was to be maintained by usurping the power of expending the money in internal improvements.

因此，一项违宪措施旨在得到另一项措施的支持，而滥用税收权力则通过篡夺内部改善支出的权力来维持。

You can not have forgotten the severe and doubtful struggle through which we passed when the executive department of the Government by its veto endeavored to arrest this prodigal scheme of injustice and to bring back the legislation of Congress to the boundaries prescribed by the Constitution.

你们不可能忘记，当政府行政部门利用否决权，努力制止这种不公正的挥霍计划，并使国会立法回到宪法规定的范围时，我们经历了一场严峻而可疑的斗争。

The good sense and practical judgment of the people when the subject was brought before them sustained the course of the Executive, and this plan of unconstitutional expenditures for the purposes of corrupt influence is, I trust, finally overthrown.

当这个问题被摆在人民面前时，人民的良好判断力和实际判断力支持了行政部门的进程，我相信，这种为了腐败影响而进行违宪支出的计划最终会被推翻。

The result of this decision has been felt in the rapid extinguishment of the public debt and the large accumulation of a surplus in the Treasury, notwithstanding the tariff was reduced and is now very far below the amount originally contemplated by its advocates.

这一决定的结果是公共债务的迅速消除和财政部盈余的大量积累，尽管关税已经降低，而且现在远远低于其支持者最初设想的数额。

But, rely upon it, the design to collect an extravagant revenue and to burden you with taxes beyond the economical wants of the Government is not yet abandoned.

但是，相信这一点，征收巨额收入并让你负担超出政府经济需要的税收的计划还没有被放弃。

The various interests which have combined together to impose a heavy tariff and to produce an overflowing Treasury are too strong and have too much at stake to surrender the contest.

各种利益集团联合起来征收高额关税，并产生巨额国库，它们的力量太强大，利害攸关，以至于无法放弃这场竞争。

The corporations and wealthy individuals who are engaged in large manufacturing establishments desire a high tariff to increase their gains.

从事大型制造企业的公司和富有的个人希望通过高关税来增加他们的收益。

Designing politicians will support it to conciliate their favor and to obtain the means of profuse expenditure for the purpose of purchasing influence in other quarters; and since the people have decided that the Federal Government can not be permitted to employ its income in internal improvements, efforts will be made to seduce and mislead the citizens of the several States by holding out to them the deceitful prospect of benefits to be derived from a surplus revenue collected by the General Government and annually divided among the States; and if, encouraged by these fallacious hopes, the States should disregard the principles of economy which ought to characterize every republican government, and should indulge in lavish expenditures exceeding their resources, they will before long find themselves oppressed with debts which they are unable to pay, and the temptation will become irresistible to support a high tariff in order to obtain a surplus for distribution.

精心设计的政客会支持它，以讨好他们，并获得大量支出的手段，以收买其他方面的影响力；由于人民决定不允许联邦政府将其收入用于内部改善，因此将努力引诱和误导几个州的公民，向他们提供从联邦政府征收的、每年在各州之间分配的盈余收入中获得利益的欺骗性前景；如果在这些错误的希望的怂恿下，各州无视每一个共和政府应有的节约原则，并沉迷于超出其资源的奢侈支出，他们很快就会发现自己被无力偿还的债务所压，并且为了获得分配盈余而支持高关税的诱惑将变得不可抗拒。

Do not allow yourselves, my fellow-citizens, to be misled on this subject.

我的同胞们，不要让自己在这个问题上被误导。

The Federal Government can not collect a surplus for such purposes without violating the principles of the Constitution and assuming powers which have not been granted.

联邦政府不能为此目的收取盈余，除非违反宪法原则并承担未授予的权力。

It is, moreover, a system of injustice, and if persisted in will inevitably lead to corruption, and must end in ruin.

而且，这是一种不公正的制度，如果坚持下去，必然导致腐败，最终必然走向灭亡。

The surplus revenue will be drawn from the pockets of the people--from the farmer, the mechanic, and the laboring classes of society; but who will receive it when distributed among the States, where it is to be disposed of by leading State politicians, who have friends to favor and political partisans to gratify?

剩余收入将从人民的口袋里——从农民、技工和社会劳动阶级中提取；但是，当它在各州分发时，由主要的州政客处理，他们有朋友可以支持，有政治党派可以满足，那么谁会收到它呢？

It will certainly not be returned to those who paid it and who have most need of it and are honestly entitled to it.

它肯定不会退还给那些支付了费用、最需要它并真正有权获得它的人。

There is but one safe rule, and that is to confine the General Government rigidly within the sphere of its appropriate duties.

只有一条安全的规则，那就是将联邦政府严格限制在其适当职责的范围内。

It has no power to raise a revenue or impose taxes except for the purposes enumerated in the Constitution, and if its income is found to exceed these wants it should be forthwith reduced and the burden of the people so far lightened.

除宪法规定的目的外，它无权增加收入或征税，如果发现其收入超过这些需要，则应立即减少收入，减轻人民的负担。

In reviewing the conflicts which have taken place between different interests in the United States and the policy pursued since the adoption of our present form of Government, we find nothing that has produced such deep-seated evil as the course of legislation in relation to the currency.

回顾美国不同利益之间发生的冲突以及自我们目前的政府形式采用以来所奉行的政策，我们发现没有什么比与货币有关的立法过程更能产生如此根深蒂固的罪恶了。

The Constitution of the United States unquestionably intended to secure to the people a circulating medium of gold and silver.

毫无疑问，美国宪法旨在确保人民拥有黄金和白银的流通媒介。

But the establishment of a national bank by Congress, with the privilege of issuing paper money receivable in the payment of the public dues, and the unfortunate course of legislation in the several States upon the same subject, drove from general circulation the constitutional currency and substituted one of paper in its place.

但是，国会建立了一家国家银行，并有权发行可用于支付公共会费的纸币，而且几个州在同一主题上不幸的立法过程，使宪法货币从一般流通中消失，并以纸币代替。

It was not easy for men engaged in the ordinary pursuits of business, whose attention had not been particularly drawn to the subject, to foresee all the consequences of a currency exclusively of paper, and we ought not on that account to be surprised at the facility with which laws were obtained to carry into effect the paper system.

对于那些从事普通商业活动的人来说，他们的注意力并没有被特别吸引到这个主题上，预见到完全由纸币制成的货币的所有后果并不容易，而且我们不应该因此而对为实施纸币制度而获得法律的便利感到惊讶。

Honest and even enlightened men are sometimes misled by the specious and plausible statements of the designing.

诚实甚至开明的人有时会被设计中似是而非的陈述所误导。

But experience has now proved the mischiefs and dangers of a paper currency, and it rests with you to determine whether the proper remedy shall be applied.

但现在的经验已经证明了纸币的危害和危险，是否采取适当的补救措施取决于您。

The paper system being founded on public confidence and having of itself no intrinsic value, it is liable to great and sudden fluctuations, thereby rendering property insecure and the wages of labor unsteady and uncertain.

纸质制度建立在公众信任的基础上，本身没有内在价值，很容易出现剧烈和突然的波动，从而导致财产不稳定、劳动工资不稳定和不确定。

The corporations which create the paper money can not be relied upon to keep the circulating medium uniform in amount.

不能依赖创造纸币的公司来保持流通介质数量的统一。

In times of prosperity, when confidence is high, they are tempted by the prospect of gain or by the influence of those who hope to profit by it to extend their issues of paper beyond the bounds of discretion and the reasonable demands of business; and when these issues have been pushed on from day to day, until public confidence is at length shaken, then a reaction takes place, and they immediately withdraw the credits they have given, suddenly curtail their issues, and produce an unexpected and ruinous contraction of the circulating medium, which is felt by the whole community.

在繁荣时期，当信心高涨时，他们会受到获利前景或那些希望从中获利的人的影响的诱惑，将其发行的票据超出了自由裁量权和商业合理要求的范围；当这些问题被日复一日地推进，直到公众信心最终动摇时，就会发生反应，他们立即收回他们所给予的信用，突然减少他们的问题，并导致流通媒介出现意外的、毁灭性的收缩，这是整个社会都能感受到的。

The banks by this means save themselves, and the mischievous consequences of their imprudence or cupidity are visited upon the public.

银行通过这种方式拯救了自己，而公众却因它们的轻率或贪婪而遭受恶作剧的后果。

Nor does the evil stop here.

邪恶也不止于此。

These ebbs and flows in the currency and these indiscreet extensions of credit naturally engender a spirit of speculation injurious to the habits and character of the people.

货币的涨落和信贷的不谨慎扩张自然会产生损害人民习惯和性格的投机精神。

We have already seen its effects in the wild spirit of speculation in the public lands and various kinds of stock which within the last year or two seized upon such a multitude of our citizens and threatened to pervade all classes of society and to withdraw their attention from the sober pursuits of honest industry.

我们已经看到了它对公共土地和各种股票的疯狂投机精神的影响，在过去的一两年里，这种投机活动占据了我们如此众多的公民，并威胁要渗透到社会各阶层，使他们不再关注诚实的工业。

It is not by encouraging this spirit that we shall best preserve public virtue and promote the true interests of our country; but if your currency continues as exclusively paper as it now is, it will foster this eager desire to amass wealth without labor; it will multiply the number of dependents on bank accommodations and bank favors; the temptation to obtain money at any sacrifice will become stronger and stronger, and inevitably lead to corruption, which will find its way into your public councils and destroy at no distant day the purity of your Government.

我们不能通过鼓励这种精神来最好地维护公共道德并促进我们国家的真正利益；但如果你的货币继续像现在一样完全是纸质的，它将助长这种无需劳动即可积累财富的热切愿望；它将增加依赖银行住宿和银行优惠的受抚养人的数量；不惜任何牺牲来获取金钱的诱惑将变得越来越强烈，并不可避免地导致腐败，腐败将进入你们的公共委员会，并在不久的将来摧毁你们政府的纯洁性。

Some of the evils which arise from this system of paper press with peculiar hardship upon the class of society least able to bear it.

这种纸张制度所产生的一些祸害给社会上最无力承受的阶层带来了特殊的困难。

A portion of this currency frequently becomes depreciated or worthless, and all of it is easily counterfeited in such a manner as to require peculiar skill and much experience to distinguish the counterfeit from the genuine note.

这种货币的一部分经常会贬值或变得毫无价值，而且所有这些货币都很容易被伪造，因此需要特殊的技能和丰富的经验来区分假钞和真钞。

These frauds are most generally perpetrated in the smaller notes, which are used in the daily transactions of ordinary business, and the losses occasioned by them are commonly thrown upon the laboring classes of society, whose situation and pursuits put it out of their power to guard themselves from these impositions, and whose daily wages are necessary for their subsistence.

这些欺诈行为最常见的是在日常商业交易中使用的小额纸币，它们造成的损失通常落在社会劳动阶级身上，他们的处境和追求使他们无力保护自己免受这些强加，而他们的每日工资是他们的生存所必需的。

It is the duty of every government so to regulate its currency as to protect this numerous class, as far as practicable, from the impositions of avarice and fraud.

每个政府都有责任监管其货币，以尽可能保护这个众多的阶级免受贪婪和欺诈的侵害。

It is more especially the duty of the United States, where the Government is emphatically the Government of the people, and where this respectable portion of our citizens are so proudly distinguished from the laboring classes of all other nations by their independent spirit, their love of liberty, their intelligence, and their high tone of moral character.

这尤其是美国的责任，因为美国政府绝对是人民的政府，我们这部分受人尊敬的公民因其独立精神、对自由的热爱、智慧和高尚的道德品质而自豪地区别于所有其他国家的劳动阶级。

Their industry in peace is the source of our wealth and their bravery in war has covered us with glory; and the Government of the United States will but ill discharge its duties if it leaves them a prey to such dishonest impositions.

他们在和平时期的勤劳是我们财富的源泉，他们在战争时期的英勇为我们带来了荣耀；如果美国政府让他们成为这种不诚实强加的牺牲品，美国政府就不会履行其职责。

Yet it is evident that their interests can not be effectually protected unless silver and gold are restored to circulation.

但很明显，除非白银和黄金恢复流通，他们的利益就无法得到有效保护。

These views alone of the paper currency are sufficient to call for immediate reform; but there is another consideration which should still more strongly press it upon your attention.

仅这些对纸币的看法就足以要求立即进行改革；但还有另外一个考虑因素应该更强烈地引起你的注意。

Recent events have proved that the paper-money system of this country may be used as an engine to undermine your free institutions, and that those who desire to engross all power in the hands of the few and to govern by corruption or force are aware of its power and prepared to employ it.

最近的事件证明，这个国家的纸币体系可能会被用作破坏你们自由机构的引擎，而那些希望将所有权力掌握在少数人手中并通过腐败或武力进行统治的人已经意识到它的力量并准备使用它。

Your banks now furnish your only circulating medium, and money is plenty or scarce according to the quantity of notes issued by them.

你们的银行现在提供了你们唯一的流通媒介，货币的充裕或稀缺取决于它们发行的纸币的数量。

While they have capitals not greatly disproportioned to each other, they are competitors in business, and no one of them can exercise dominion over the rest; and although in the present state of the currency these banks may and do operate injuriously upon the habits of business, the pecuniary concerns, and the moral tone of society, yet, from their number and dispersed situation, they can not combine for the purposes of political influence, and whatever may be the dispositions of some of them their power of mischief must necessarily be confined to a narrow space and felt only in their immediate neighborhoods.

虽然它们的资本并不算太大，但它们在商业上却是竞争对手，没有谁能够对其他国家行使统治地位；尽管在目前的货币状况下，这些银行可能而且确实会对商业习惯、金钱问题和社会道德风气造成有害的影响，但是，从它们的数量和分散的情况来看，它们不能为了政治影响而联合起来，而且无论其中一些银行的倾向如何，它们的恶作剧力量必然局限于一个狭窄的空间，并且只能在它们的邻近地区感受到。

But when the charter for the Bank of the United States was obtained from Congress it perfected the schemes of the paper system and gave to its advocates the position they have struggled to obtain from the commencement of the Federal Government to the present hour.

但是，当美国银行的章程从国会获得时，它完善了纸质系统的计划，并为其支持者提供了从联邦政府成立至今一直努力获得的地位。

The immense capital and peculiar privileges bestowed upon it enabled it to exercise despotic sway over the other banks in every part of the country.

巨额资本和赋予它的特殊特权使其能够对全国各地的其他银行施加专制影响。

From its superior strength it could seriously injure, if not destroy, the business of any one of them which might incur its resentment; and it openly claimed for itself the power of regulating the currency throughout the United States.

凭借其超强的实力，它可能会严重损害（如果不是摧毁的话）任何可能招致其怨恨的企业的业务。它公开宣称自己拥有管理全美国货币的权力。

In other words, it asserted (and it undoubtedly possessed) the power to make money plenty or scarce at its pleasure, at any time and in any quarter of the Union, by controlling the issues of other banks and permitting an expansion or compelling a general contraction of the circulating medium, according to its own will.

换句话说，它声称（毫无疑问它拥有）权力，可以在任何时间、在联盟的任何地区随心所欲地赚钱，通过控制其他银行的发行并根据自己的意愿允许扩张或强制流通媒介的全面收缩。

The other banking institutions were sensible of its strength, and they soon generally became its obedient instruments, ready at all times to execute its mandates; and with the banks necessarily went also that numerous class of persons in our commercial cities who depend altogether on bank credits for their solvency and means of business, and who are therefore obliged, for their own safety, to propitiate the favor of the money power by distinguished zeal and devotion in its service.

其他银行机构也意识到了它的实力，很快就普遍成为它的顺从工具，随时准备执行它的任务；与银行同流合污的还有我们商业城市中的众多阶层，他们的偿付能力和经营手段完全依赖银行信贷，因此，为了自身安全，他们有义务以卓越的热情和奉献精神来服务货币权力，以讨好货币权力。

The result of the ill-advised legislation which established this great monopoly was to concentrate the whole moneyed power of the Union, with its boundless means of corruption and its numerous dependents, under the direction and command of one acknowledged head, thus organizing this particular interest as one body and securing to it unity and concert of action throughout the United States, and enabling it to bring forward upon any occasion its entire and undivided strength to support or defeat any measure of the Government.

建立这种巨大垄断的不明智立法的结果是，将联邦的全部金钱权力及其无限的腐败手段和众多的附属机构集中在一个公认的首脑的指导和指挥之下，从而将这一特殊利益组织为一个整体，并确保其在整个美国的统一和一致的行动，并使其能够在任何情况下拿出全部和不可分割的力量来支持或击败政府的任何措施。

In the hands of this formidable power, thus perfectly organized, was also placed unlimited dominion over the amount of the circulating medium, giving it the power to regulate the value of property and the fruits of labor in every quarter of the Union, and to bestow prosperity or bring ruin upon any city or section of the country as might best comport with its own interest or policy.

这种组织严密的强大权力掌握在其手中，对流通媒介的数量也拥有无限的支配权，使其有权调节联邦各地区的财产价值和劳动成果，并以最符合其自身利益或政策的方式为国家的任何城市或地区带来繁荣或毁灭。

We are not left to conjecture how the moneyed power, thus organized and with such a weapon in its hands, would be likely to use it.

我们不必猜测如此组织起来并手中握有这样武器的金钱权力将如何使用它。

The distress and alarm which pervaded and agitated the whole country when the Bank of the United States waged war upon the people in order to compel them to submit to its demands can not yet be forgotten.

当美国银行向人民发动战争以迫使他们屈服于其要求时，整个国家弥漫着痛苦和恐慌，这令人无法忘记。

The ruthless and unsparing temper with which whole cities and communities were oppressed, individuals impoverished and ruined, and a scene of cheerful prosperity suddenly changed into one of gloom and despondency ought to be indelibly impressed on the memory of the people of the United States.

整个城市和社区受到压迫，个人陷入贫困和破产，欣欣向荣的景象突然变成阴郁和沮丧的残酷和无情的脾气，应该在美国人民的记忆中留下不可磨灭的印象。

If such was its power in a time of peace, what would it not have been in a season of war, with an enemy at your doors?

如果它在和平时期有如此威力，那么在战争季节，敌人就在你家门口，它又会怎样呢？

No nation but the freemen of the United States could have come out victorious from such a contest; yet, if you had not conquered, the Government would have passed from the hands of the many to the hands of the few, and this organized money power from its secret conclave would have dictated the choice of your highest officers and compelled you to make peace or war, as best suited their own wishes.

除了美国的自由民之外，没有任何一个国家能够在这场竞赛中获胜。然而，如果你们没有征服，政府就会从多数人手中转移到少数人手中，而这个来自其秘密秘密会议的有组织的金钱权力将决定你们最高官员的选择，并迫使你们按照最适合他们自己意愿的方式缔造和平或战争。

The forms of your Government might for a time have remained, but its living spirit would have departed from it.

你们政府的形式可能会保留一段时间，但其活泼的精神可能会消失。

The distress and sufferings inflicted on the people by the bank are some of the fruits of that system of policy which is continually striving to enlarge the authority of the Federal Government beyond the limits fixed by the Constitution.

银行给人民造成的痛苦是该政策体系的一些成果，该政策体系不断努力将联邦政府的权力扩大到宪法规定的范围之外。

The powers enumerated in that instrument do not confer on Congress the right to establish such a corporation as the Bank of the United States, and the evil consequences which followed may warn us of the danger of departing from the true rule of construction and of permitting temporary circumstances or the hope of better promoting the public welfare to influence in any degree our decisions upon the extent of the authority of the General Government.

该文书所列举的权力并未赋予国会建立像美国银行这样的公司的权利，随之而来的邪恶后果可能会警告我们，背离真正的建设规则和允许暂时的情况或更好地促进公共福利的希望，在任何程度上影响我们对联邦政府权力范围的决定的危险。

Let us abide by the Constitution as it is written, or amend it in the constitutional mode if it is found to be defective.

宪法既然已经写好了，我们就必须遵守，如果发现有缺陷，就按照宪法的方式进行修改。

The severe lessons of experience will, I doubt not, be sufficient to prevent Congress from again chartering such a monopoly, even if the Constitution did not present an insuperable objection to it.

我怀疑，严峻的经验教训将足以阻止国会再次批准这种垄断，即使宪法没有提出不可克服的反对意见。

But you must remember, my fellow-citizens, that eternal vigilance by the people is the price of liberty, and that you must pay the price if you wish to secure the blessing.

但同胞们，你们必须记住，人民永远的警惕是自由的代价，如果你们想获得祝福，就必须付出代价。

It behooves you, therefore, to be watchful in your States as well as in the Federal Government.

因此，你们应该在你们的州和联邦政府中保持警惕。

The power which the moneyed interest can exercise, when concentrated under a single head and with our present system of currency, was sufficiently demonstrated in the struggle made by the Bank of the United States.

当货币利益集中在一个头目下并在我们现行的货币体系下时，它可以行使的权力在美国银行的斗争中得到了充分的证明。

Defeated in the General Government, tho same class of intriguers and politicians will now resort to the States and endeavor to obtain there the same organization which they failed to perpetuate in the Union; and with specious and deceitful plans of public advantages and State interests and State pride they will endeavor to establish in the different States one moneyed institution with overgrown capital and exclusive privileges sufficient to enable it to control the operations of the other banks.

在联邦政府失败后，同一阶级的阴谋家和政客现在将求助于各州，并努力在那里获得他们在联邦中未能延续的组织；他们将利用公共利益、国家利益和国家自豪感的似是而非的欺骗性计划，努力在不同的州建立一个拥有过度增长的资本和足以使其能够控制其他银行运作的专有特权的货币机构。

Such an institution will be pregnant with the same evils produced by the Bank of the United States, although its sphere of action is more confined, and in the State in which it is chartered the money power will be able to embody its whole strength and to move together with undivided force to accomplish any object it may wish to attain.

这样的机构将孕育着美国银行所产生的同样的罪恶，尽管它的行动范围更加有限，而且在它所特许的国家，货币权力将能够体现其全部力量，并全力以赴地实现它希望实现的任何目标。

You have already had abundant evidence of its power to inflict injury upon the agricultural, mechanical, and laboring classes of society, and over those whose engagements in trade or speculation render them dependent on bank facilities the dominion of the State monopoly will be absolute and their obedience unlimited.

你们已经有充分的证据表明，它有能力对社会中的农业、机械和劳动阶级造成伤害，而对于那些从事贸易或投机而依赖银行设施的人，国家垄断的统治将是绝对的，他们的服从是无限的。

With such a bank and a paper currency the money power would in a few years govern the State and control its measures, and if a sufficient number of States can be induced to create such establishments the time will soon come when it will again take the field against the United States and succeed in perfecting and perpetuating its organization by a charter from Congress.

有了这样的银行和纸币，货币权力将在几年内统治国家并控制其措施，如果能够诱导足够多的国家建立这样的机构，那么很快就会到来，它将再次与美国对抗，并通过国会的宪章成功地完善和延续其组织。

It is one of the serious evils of our present system of banking that it enables one class of society--and that by no means a numerous one--by its control over the currency, to act injuriously upon the interests of all the others and to exercise more than its just proportion of influence in political affairs.

我们现行银行体系的严重弊端之一是，它使得社会中的一个阶级——而且绝不是众多的一个阶级——通过对货币的控制，对所有其他人的利益做出损害性的行为，并在政治事务中行使超过其应有的影响力。

The agricultural, the mechanical, and the laboring classes have little or no share in the direction of the great moneyed corporations, and from their habits and the nature of their pursuits they are incapable of forming extensive combinations to act together with united force.

农业阶级、机械阶级和劳动阶级很少或根本没有参与大财团的指挥，而且从他们的习惯和追求的性质来看，他们无法形成广泛的联合体，以统一的力量共同行动。

Such concert of action may sometimes be produced in a single city or in a small district of country by means of personal communications with each other, but they have no regular or active correspondence with those who are engaged in similar pursuits in distant places; they have but little patronage to give to the press, and exercise but a small share of influence over it; they have no crowd of dependents about them who hope to grow rich without labor by their countenance and favor, and who are therefore always ready to execute their wishes.

这种一致的行动有时可能在一个城市或国家的一个小地区通过相互之间的个人通信而产生，但他们与那些在遥远的地方从事类似追求的人没有定期或积极的通信；他们对新闻界几乎没有什么赞助，对新闻界的影响力也很小。他们周围没有一大群依靠他们希望靠他们的支持和恩惠而无需劳作就能致富的人，因此他们总是准备好实现他们的愿望。

The planter, the farmer, the mechanic, and the laborer all know that their success depends upon their own industry and economy, and that they must not expect to become suddenly rich by the fruits of their toil.

种植园主、农民、机械师和工人都知道，他们的成功取决于他们自己的工业和经济，他们不能指望通过他们的辛劳成果突然致富。

Yet these classes of society form the great body of the people of the United States; they are the bone and sinew of the country--men who love liberty and desire nothing but equal rights and equal laws, and who, moreover, hold the great mass of our national wealth, although it is distributed in moderate amounts among the millions of freemen who possess it.

然而，这些社会阶层构成了美国人民的主体。他们是国家的骨肉，他们热爱自由，除了平等的权利和平等的法律之外别无所求，此外，他们掌握着我们国家的大量财富，尽管这些财富在数百万拥有这些财富的自由人中分配得并不多。

But with overwhelming numbers and wealth on their side they are in constant danger of losing their fair influence in the Government, and with difficulty maintain their just rights against the incessant efforts daily made to encroach upon them.

但是，由于他们拥有压倒性的人数和财富，他们始终面临着失去在政府中的公平影响力的危险，并且在面对每天不断的侵犯他们的努力时，很难维持他们的正当权利。

The mischief springs from the power which the moneyed interest derives from a paper currency which they are able to control, from the multitude of corporations with exclusive privileges which they have succeeded in obtaining in the different States, and which are employed altogether for their benefit; and unless you become more watchful in your States and check this spirit of monopoly and thirst for exclusive privileges you will in the end find that the most important powers of Government have been given or bartered away, and the control over your dearest interests has passed into the hands of these corporations.

这种恶作剧源于货币利息从他们能够控制的纸币中获得的权力，从他们在不同州成功获得的拥有专有特权的众多公司中获得的权力，这些特权完全是为了他们的利益而使用的；除非你们在你们的州变得更加警惕并遏制这种垄断精神和对排他性特权的渴望，否则你们最终会发现政府最重要的权力已经被放弃或交换，而对你们最切身利益的控制权已经转移到这些公司的手中。

The paper-money system and its natural associates--monopoly and exclusive privileges--have already struck their roots deep in the soil, and it will require all your efforts to check its further growth and to eradicate the evil.

纸币制度及其自然伙伴——垄断和排他特权——已经深深扎根，需要你尽一切努力来阻止其进一步发展并根除邪恶。

[See APP note.] The men who profit by the abuses and desire to perpetuate them will continue to besiege the halls of legislation in the General Government as well as in the States, and will seek by every artifice to mislead and deceive the public servants.

[参见APP注释。]那些从滥用权力中获利并希望使这种滥用行为永久化的人将继续围攻联邦政府和各州的立法大厅，并将千方百计地寻求误导和欺骗公务员。

It is to yourselves that you must look for safety and the means of guarding and perpetuating your free institutions.

你们必须为你们自己寻找安全以及保卫和延续你们的自由制度的手段。

In your hands is rightfully placed the sovereignty of the country, and to you everyone placed in authority is ultimately responsible.

国家主权理应掌握在你们手中，每个掌权者都对你们负有最终责任。

It is always in your power to see that the wishes of the people are carried into faithful execution, and their will, when once made known, must sooner or later be obeyed; and while the people remain, as I trust they ever will, uncorrupted and incorruptible, and continue watchful and jealous of their rights, the Government is safe, and the cause of freedom will continue to triumph over all its enemies.

你始终有能力确保人民的愿望得到忠实执行，他们的意愿一旦公布，迟早必须得到遵守；尽管人民仍然——我相信他们永远不会腐败、廉洁，并继续警惕和嫉妒他们的权利，但政府是安全的，自由事业将继续战胜所有敌人。

But it will require steady and persevering exertions on your part to rid yourselves of the iniquities and mischiefs of the paper system and to check the spirit of monopoly and other abuses which have sprung up with it, and of which it is the main support.

但是，这需要你们做出稳定而持久的努力，以摆脱纸质制度的罪恶和危害，并制止随之出现的垄断精神和其他滥用职权的行为，而纸质制度是纸质制度的主要支撑。

So many interests are united to resist all reform on this subject that you must not hope the conflict will be a short one nor success easy.

如此多的利益集团联合起来抵制有关这一问题的所有改革，因此你不能希望冲突是短暂的，也不能希望成功是容易的。

My humble efforts have not been spared during my administration of the Government to restore the constitutional currency of gold and silver, and something, I trust, has been done toward the accomplishment of this most desirable object; but enough yet remains to require all your energy and perseverance.

在我执政期间，我不遗余力地恢复金银宪法货币，而且我相信，为了实现这一最理想的目标，我已经做了一些事情；但还不够，需要你付出全部的精力和毅力。

The power, however, is in your hands, and the remedy must and will be applied if you determine upon it.

然而，权力掌握在你手中，如果你决定采取补救措施，就必须并且将会采取补救措施。

While I am thus endeavoring to press upon your attention the principles which I deem of vital importance in the domestic concerns of the country, I ought not to pass over without notice the important considerations which should govern your policy toward foreign powers.

当我如此努力提醒你们注意我认为对国家国内事务至关重要的原则时，我不应该忽略指导你们对外国列强政策的重要考虑因素。

It is unquestionably our true interest to cultivate the most friendly understanding with every nation and to avoid by every honorable means the calamities of war, and we shall best attain this object by frankness and sincerity in our foreign intercourse, by the prompt and faithful execution of treaties, and by justice and impartiality in our conduct to all.

毫无疑问，我们真正的利益是与每个国家建立最友好的理解，并通过一切光荣的手段避免战争灾难，而我们最好通过在对外交往中坦率和真诚，通过迅速和忠实地执行条约，以及通过对所有人的行为公正和公正来实现这一目标。

But no nation, however desirous of peace, can hope to escape occasional collisions with other powers, and the soundest dictates of policy require that we should place ourselves in a condition to assert our rights if a resort to force should ever become necessary.

但是，任何国家，无论多么渴望和平，都无法避免与其他强国偶尔发生的冲突，最合理的政策要求我们必须处于一种在必要时诉诸武力的情况下维护我们权利的条件。

Our local situation, our long line of seacoast, indented by numerous bays, with deep rivers opening into the interior, as well as our extended and still increasing commerce, point to the Navy as our natural means of defense.

我们当地的情况、绵长的海岸线、无数海湾的锯齿状、深邃的河流通向内陆，以及我们不断扩大和不断增长的商业，都表明海军是我们天然的防御手段。

It will in the end be found to be the cheapest and most effectual, and now is the time, in a season of peace and with an overflowing revenue, that we can year after year add to its strength without increasing the burdens of the people.

最终会发现它是最便宜、最有效的，现在正是在和平时期、收入充沛的时候，我们可以年复一年地增强它的力量，而不增加人民的负担。

It is your true policy, for your Navy will not only protect your rich and flourishing commerce in distant seas, but will enable you to reach and annoy the enemy and will give to defense its greatest efficiency by meeting danger at a distance from home.

这是你真正的政策，因为你的海军不仅会保护你在远海的丰富和繁荣的商业，而且将使你能够到达并激怒敌人，并通过在远离家乡的地方应对危险来给予防御最大的效率。

It is impossible by any line of fortifications to guard every point from attack against a hostile force advancing from the ocean and selecting its object, but they are indispensable to protect cities from bombardment, dockyards and naval arsenals from destruction, to give shelter to merchant vessels in time of war and to single ships or weaker squadrons when pressed by superior force.

任何防御工事都不可能保护每一点免受来自海洋的敌对势力的攻击并选择其目标，但它们对于保护城市免受轰炸、船坞和海军武库免遭破坏、在战时为商船提供庇护以及在受到优势力量压制时为单船或较弱的中队提供庇护是必不可少的。

Fortifications of this description can not be too soon completed and armed and placed in a condition of the most perfect preparation.

这种防御工事不能太快完成和武装并处于最完美的准备状态。

The abundant means we now possess can not be applied in any manner more useful to the country, and when this is done and our naval force sufficiently strengthened and our militia armed we need not fear that any nation will wantonly insult us or needlessly provoke hostilities.

我们现在所拥有的丰富手段已经不能再以任何方式对国家更有用了，当我们做到了这一点，我们的海军力量得到充分加强，我们的民兵武装起来时，我们就不必担心任何国家会肆意侮辱我们或无谓地挑起敌对行动。

We shall more certainly preserve peace when it is well understood that we are prepared for War.

当人们充分了解我们已做好战争准备时，我们将更有把握维护和平。

In presenting to you, my fellow-citizens, these parting counsels, I have brought before you the leading principles upon which I endeavored to administer the Government in the high office with which you twice honored me.

我的同胞们，在向你们提出这些临别忠告时，我向你们提出了我在你们两次向我授予的崇高职位上努力管理政府的主要原则。

Knowing that the path of freedom is continually beset by enemies who often assume the disguise of friends, I have devoted the last hours of my public life to warn you of the dangers.

我知道自由之路不断受到伪装成朋友的敌人的困扰，我用我公共生活的最后几个小时来警告你们注意这些危险。

The progress of the United States under our free and happy institutions has surpassed the most sanguine hopes of the founders of the Republic.

美国在我们自由和幸福的制度下所取得的进步已经超出了共和国创始人最乐观的希望。

Our growth has been rapid beyond all former example in numbers, in wealth, in knowledge, and all the useful arts which contribute to the comforts and convenience of man, and from the earliest ages of history to the present day there never have been thirteen millions of people associated in one political body who enjoyed so much freedom and happiness as the people of these United States.

我们的增长速度之快，在数量、财富、知识以及所有为人类带来舒适和便利的有用艺术方面都超越了以前的任何例子，从历史的最早时代到今天，从来没有1300万人联合在一个政治机构中，像美国人民一样享受如此多的自由和幸福。

You have no longer any cause to fear danger from abroad; your strength and power are well known throughout the civilized world, as well as the high and gallant bearing of your sons.

你不再有任何理由害怕来自国外的危险；您的力量和权势以及您儿子们的高尚英勇举止在整个文明世界都是众所周知的。

It is from within, among yourselves--from cupidity, from corruption, from disappointed ambition and inordinate thirst for power--that factions will be formed and liberty endangered.

正是从内部，从你们自己之间——贪婪、腐败、野心落空和对权力的过度渴望——派系将会形成，自由将受到威胁。

It is against such designs, whatever disguise the actors may assume, that you have especially to guard yourselves.

面对这样的设计，无论演员采取何种伪装，你们都必须特别保护自己。

You have the highest of human trusts committed to your care.

人类最高的信任致力于为您提供护理。

Providence has showered on this favored land blessings without number, and has chosen you as the guardians of freedom, to preserve it for the benefit of the human race.

上天赐予了这片受宠的土地无数的祝福，并选择你们作为自由的守护者，为了人类的利益而保护它。

May He who holds in His hands the destinies of nations make you worthy of the favors He has bestowed and enable you, with pure hearts and pure hands and sleepless vigilance, to guard and defend to the end of time the great charge He has committed to your keeping.

愿掌握各国命运的主使你们配得上他所赐予的恩惠，并使你们能够以纯洁的心、纯洁的手和不眠不休的警惕，守护和捍卫他托付给你们的伟大使命，直到时间的尽头。

My own race is nearly run; advanced age and failing health warn me that before long I must pass beyond the reach of human events and cease to feel the vicissitudes of human affairs.

我自己的比赛即将结束；年事已高，健康状况每况愈下，警告我，不久之后，我就必须超越人事的范围，不再感受人事的沧桑。

I thank God that my life has been spent in a land of liberty and that He has given me a heart to love my country with the affection of a son.

我感谢上帝，让我在自由的土地上度过了一生，让我有一颗像儿子一样热爱祖国的心。

And filled with gratitude for your constant and unwavering kindness, I bid you a last and affectionate farewell.

怀着对您始终如一、坚定不移的善意的感激之情，我向您致以最后的深情告别。

APP Note: At the point noted, the text published in the Messages and Papers of the Presidents (MAPP) is the following: "The paper-money system and its natural associations--monopoly and exclusive privileges--have already struck their roots too deep in the soil, and it will require all your efforts to check its further growth and to eradicate the evil." The very similar version provided here recommended by Dr. Daniel Stowell as reflecting a contemporary newspaper account and other 19th C.

APP注：就上述观点而言，《总统致辞与文件》（MAPP）中发表的文字如下：“纸币体系及其自然关联——垄断和排他特权——已经在土壤中扎下了太深的根，需要你们尽一切努力来阻止其进一步发展并根除邪恶。” Daniel Stowell 博士推荐的此处提供的非常相似的版本反映了当代报纸的报道和其他 19 世纪的内容。

sources including a manuscript version of the original speech to be found in the Library of Congress .

资料来源包括可在国会图书馆找到的原始演讲的手稿版本。

Andrew Jackson, Farewell Address Online by Gerhard Peters and John T.

安德鲁·杰克逊 (Andrew Jackson)，格哈德·彼得斯 (Gerhard Peters) 和约翰·T·杰克逊 (John T.

Woolley, The American Presidency Project https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/201770

伍利，美国总统项目 https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/201770

The American Presidency Project John Woolley and Gerhard Peters Contact

美国总统项目 约翰·伍利 (John Woolley) 和格哈德·彼得斯 (Gerhard Peters) 联系方式

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