The Moon Speech (1962)
President Pitzer, Mr. Vice President, Governor, Congressman Thomas, Senator Wiley, and Congressman Miller, Mr. Webb.
皮策总统、副总统、州长、托马斯议员、威利参议员、米勒议员、韦伯先生。
Mr. Bell, scientists, distinguished guests, and ladies and gentlemen:
贝尔先生、各位科学家、各位来宾、女士们、先生们：
I appreciate your president having made me an honorary visiting professor, and I will assure you that my first lecture will be very brief.
我感谢你们的总统任命我为名誉客座教授，我向你们保证我的第一场演讲将非常简短。
I am delighted to be here and I'm particularly delighted to be here on this occasion.
我很高兴来到这里，特别高兴能在这个场合来到这里。
We meet at a college noted for knowledge, in a city noted for progress, in a State noted for strength, and we stand in need of all three, for we meet in an hour of change and challenge, in a decade of hope and fear, in an age of both knowledge and ignorance.
我们相聚在一所以知识着称的大学，在一座以进步着称的城市，在一个以力量着称的州，我们需要这三者，因为我们相聚在一个充满变化和挑战的时刻，在一个充满希望和恐惧的十年，在一个知识和无知并存的时代。
The greater our knowledge increases, the greater our ignorance unfolds.
我们的知识增长得越多，我们的无知就越显露出来。
Despite the striking fact that most of the scientists that the world has ever known are alive and working today, despite the fact that this Nation's own scientific manpower is doubling every 12 years in a rate of growth more than three times that of our population as a whole, despite that, the vast stretches of the unknown and the unanswered and the unfinished still far outstrip our collective comprehension.
尽管世界上已知的大多数科学家今天仍然活着并在工作，尽管这个国家自己的科学人力每12年翻一番，其增长率是我们整个人口的三倍以上，尽管如此，尽管如此，大量的未知和未解答和未完成的事情仍然远远超出了我们的集体理解。
No man can fully grasp how far and how fast we have come, but condense, if you will, the 50,000 years of man's recorded history in a time span of but a half-century.
没有人能完全掌握我们已经走了多远、有多快，但如果你愿意的话，可以在短短半个世纪的时间跨度内浓缩人类有记载的五万年历史。
Stated in these terms, we know very little about the first 40 years, except at the end of them advanced man had learned to use the skins of animals to cover them.
总而言之，我们对前 40 年知之甚少，除了在这 40 年结束时，先进的人类学会了用动物的皮来遮盖身体。
Then about 10 years ago, under this standard, man emerged from his caves to construct other kinds of shelter.
然后大约十年前，在这个标准下，人类从洞穴中出来建造其他类型的庇护所。
Only 5 years ago man learned to write and use a cart with wheels.
仅仅五年前，人类就学会了书写和使用带轮子的手推车。
Christianity began less than 2 years ago.
基督教诞生不到两年。
The printing press came this year, and then less than 2 months ago, during this whole 50-year span of human history, the steam engine provided a new source of power.
今年印刷机问世，不到两个月前，在人类长达50年的历史中，蒸汽机提供了新的动力来源。
Newton explored the meaning of gravity.
牛顿探索了引力的意义。
Last month electric lights and telephones and automobiles and airplanes became available.
上个月，有了电灯、电话、汽车和飞机。
Only last week did we develop penicillin and television and nuclear power, and now if America's new spacecraft succeeds in reaching Venus, we will have literally reached the stars before midnight tonight.
就在上周，我们才开发出青霉素、电视和核能，现在，如果美国的新航天器成功抵达金星，我们将在今晚午夜之前真正到达星星。
This is a breathtaking pace, and such a pace cannot help but create new ills as it dispels old, new ignorance, new problems, new dangers.
这是一个令人惊叹的步伐，这样的步伐不能不制造新的弊病，因为它驱散了旧的、新的无知、新的问题、新的危险。
Surely the opening vistas of space promise high costs and hardships, as well as high reward.
当然，太空的开放前景意味着高成本和艰辛，同时也带来高回报。
So it is not surprising that some would have us stay where we are a little longer to rest, to wait.
因此，有些人会让我们在原地多待一会儿，休息、等待，这并不奇怪。
But this city of Houston, this State of Texas, this country of the United States was not built by those who waited and rested and wished to look behind them.
但休斯敦这个城市、德克萨斯州、美国这个国家并不是由那些等待、休息并希望回头看的人建造的。
This country was conquered by those who moved forward--and so will space.
这个国家被那些勇往直前的人征服了——太空也将如此。
William Bradford, speaking in 1630 of the founding of the Plymouth Bay Colony, said that all great and honorable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and both must be enterprised and overcome with answerable courage.
威廉·布拉德福德 (William Bradford) 在 1630 年普利茅斯湾殖民地的建立时表示，所有伟大而光荣的行动都伴随着巨大的困难，必须以负责任的勇气去进取和克服。
If this capsule history of our progress teaches us anything, it is that man, in his quest for knowledge and progress, is determined and cannot be deterred.
如果说我们进步的这段简史告诉我们什么的话，那就是人类在追求知识和进步的过程中，是坚定不移的，无法被阻止的。
The exploration of space will go ahead, whether we join in it or not, and it is one of the great adventures of all time, and no nation which expects to be the leader of other nations can expect to stay behind in this race for space.
无论我们是否参与，太空探索都将继续进行，这是有史以来最伟大的冒险之一，任何一个希望成为其他国家领导者的国家都不能指望在这场太空竞赛中落后。
Those who came before us made certain that this country rode the first waves of the industrial revolutions, the first waves of modern invention, and the first wave of nuclear power, and this generation does not intend to founder in the backwash of the coming age of space.
我们的先辈们确信，这个国家已经经历了工业革命的第一波浪潮、现代发明的第一波浪潮以及核电的第一波浪潮，而这一代人并不打算在即将到来的太空时代的逆流中倒下。
We mean to be a part of it--we mean to lead it.
我们打算成为其中的一部分——我们打算领导它。
For the eyes of the world now look into space, to the moon and to the planets beyond, and we have vowed that we shall not see it governed by a hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace.
因为现在全世界的眼睛都在注视太空、月球和更远的行星，我们发誓我们不会看到它被敌对的征服旗帜所统治，而是被自由与和平的旗帜所统治。
We have vowed that we shall not see space filled with weapons of mass destruction, but with instruments of knowledge and understanding.
我们发誓，我们不会看到太空充满大规模毁灭性武器，而是充满知识和理解工具。
Yet the vows of this Nation can only be fulfilled if we in this Nation are first, and, therefore, we intend to be first.
然而，只有当我们在这个国家成为第一时，这个国家的誓言才能得以实现，因此，我们打算成为第一。
In short, our leadership in science and in industry, our hopes for peace and security, our obligations to ourselves as well as others, all require us to make this effort, to solve these mysteries, to solve them for the good of all men, and to become the world's leading space-faring nation.
简而言之，我们在科学和工业领域的领导地位、我们对和平与安全的希望、我们对自己和他人的义务，都要求我们做出努力，解开这些谜团，为了全人类的利益而解开它们，并成为世界领先的航天国家。
We set sail on this new sea because there is new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, and they must be won and used for the progress of all people.
我们在这片新的海洋上扬帆起航，因为有新的知识有待获得，有新的权利有待赢得，而且必须赢得并利用它们来促进所有人的进步。
For space science, like nuclear science and all technology, has no conscience of its own.
因为空间科学，就像核科学和所有技术一样，没有自己的良心。
Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man, and only if the United States occupies a position of pre-eminence can we help decide whether this new ocean will be a sea of peace or a new terrifying theater of war.
它将成为一股善恶力量取决于人，只有美国占据主导地位，我们才能帮助决定这片新海洋将是和平之海还是新的可怕战区。
I do not say that we should or will go unprotected against the hostile misuse of space any more than we go unprotected against the hostile use of land or sea, but I do say that space can be explored and mastered without feeding the fires of war, without repeating the mistakes that man has made in extending his writ around this globe of ours.
我并不是说我们应该或将会对太空的敌意滥用不加保护，就像我们对陆地或海洋的敌对使用没有保护一样，但我确实说，我们可以探索和掌握太空，而不会助长战争之火，也不会重复人类在将其令状扩展到我们这个地球时所犯的错误。
There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet.
外太空还没有冲突、偏见、民族冲突。
Its hazards are hostile to us all.
它的危害对我们所有人都是充满敌意的。
Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation may never come again.
它的征服值得全人类付出最好的代价，而它的和平合作机会可能永远不会再来。
But why, some say, the moon?
但有人说，为什么是月球？
Why choose this as our goal?
为什么选择这个作为我们的目标？
And they may well ask why climb the highest mountain.
他们很可能会问为什么要爬最高的山峰。
Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic?
35 年前，为什么要飞越大西洋？
Why does Rice play Texas?
赖斯为什么要打德克萨斯州？
We choose to go to the moon.
我们选择去月球。
We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too.
我们选择在这十年内登上月球并做其他事情，不是因为它们很容易，而是因为它们很困难，因为这个目标将有助于组织和衡量我们最好的精力和技能，因为这一挑战是我们愿意接受的挑战，是我们不愿意推迟的挑战，也是我们打算赢得的挑战，其他也是如此。
It is for these reasons that I regard the decision last year to shift our efforts in space from low to high gear as among the most important decisions that will be made during my incumbency in the Office of the Presidency.
正是出于这些原因，我认为去年将我们在太空方面的努力从低速转向高速的决定是我在总统办公室任职期间将做出的最重要的决定之一。
In the last 24 hours we have seen facilities now being created for the greatest and most complex exploration in man's history.
在过去 24 小时内，我们看到了为人类历史上最伟大、最复杂的探索而建造的设施。
We have felt the ground shake and the air shattered by the testing of a Saturn C-1 booster rocket, many times as powerful as the Atlas which launched John Glenn, generating power equivalent to 10,000 automobiles with their accelerators on the floor.
我们在土星 C-1 助推火箭的测试中感受到了地面的震动和空气的破碎，它的威力是约翰·格伦发射的阿特拉斯火箭的许多倍，产生的电力相当于 10,000 辆加速器放在地板上的汽车的功率。
We have seen the site where five F-1 rocket engines, each one as powerful as all eight engines of the Saturn combined, will be clustered together to make the advanced Saturn missile, assembled in a new building to be built at Cape Canaveral as tall as a 48-story structure, as wide as a city block, and as long as two lengths of this field.
我们看到了五个 F-1 火箭发动机的现场，每个发动机的功率相当于土星号所有八个发动机的总和，它们将聚集在一起制造先进的土星导弹，并组装在卡纳维拉尔角将建造的一座新建筑中，该建筑高达 48 层，宽为一个街区，长度为田地的两倍。
Within these last 19 months at least 45 satellites have circled the earth.
在过去 19 个月内，至少有 45 颗卫星绕地球运行。
Some 40 of them were "made in the United States of America" and they were far more sophisticated and supplied far more knowledge to the people of the world than those of the Soviet Union.
其中大约有 40 个是“美利坚合众国制造”的，它们比苏联的产品更加先进，为世界人民提供了更多的知识。
The Mariner spacecraft now on its way to Venus is the most intricate instrument in the history of space science.
目前正在前往金星的水手号宇宙飞船是空间科学史上最复杂的仪器。
The accuracy of that shot is comparable to firing a missile from Cape Canaveral and dropping it in this stadium between the 40-yard lines.
这一射击的准确性相当于从卡纳维拉尔角发射一枚导弹并将其投掷到这座体育场 40 码线之间。
Transit satellites are helping our ships at sea to steer a safer course.
过境卫星正在帮助我们的海上船只驶向更安全的航线。
Tiros satellites have given us unprecedented warnings of hurricanes and storms, and will do the same for forest fires and icebergs.
Tiros 卫星向我们发出了前所未有的飓风和风暴警报，也将针对森林火灾和冰山发出同样的警报。
We have had our failures, but so have others, even if they do not admit them.
我们有过失败，但其他人也有过失败，即使他们不承认。
And they may be less public.
而且它们可能不太公开。
To be sure, we are behind, and will be behind for some time in manned flight.
可以肯定的是，我们落后了，并且在载人飞行方面还将落后一段时间。
But we do not intend to stay behind, and in this decade we shall make up and move ahead.
但我们并不打算落后，这十年我们将弥补并继续前进。
The growth of our science and education will be enriched by new knowledge of our universe and environment, by new techniques of learning and mapping and observation, by new tools and computers for industry, medicine, the home as well as the school.
关于宇宙和环境的新知识、学习、测绘和观察的新技术、工业、医学、家庭和学校的新工具和计算机，将丰富我们科学和教育的发展。
Technical institutions, such as Rice, will reap the harvest of these gains.
Rice等技术机构将收获这些成果。
And finally, the space effort itself, while still in its infancy, has already created a great number of new companies, and tens of thousands of new jobs.
最后，太空事业本身虽然仍处于起步阶段，但已经创造了大量新公司和数以万计的新就业机会。
Space and related industries are generating new demands in investment and skilled personnel, and this city and this State, and this region, will share greatly in this growth.
航天及相关产业正在产生新的投资和技能人才需求，这个城市、这个国家、这个地区将在这一增长中受益匪浅。
What was once the furthest outpost on the old frontier of the West will be the furthest outpost on the new frontier of science and space.
曾经是西方旧边界最远的前哨站将成为科学和太空新边界上最远的前哨站。
Houston, your City of Houston, with its Manned Spacecraft Center, will become the heart of a large scientific and engineering community.
休斯顿，你们的休斯顿市及其载人航天器中心，将成为大型科学和工程社区的中心。
During the next 5 years the National Aeronautics and Space Administration expects to double the number of scientists and engineers in this area, to increase its outlays for salaries and expenses to $60 million a year; to invest some $200 million in plant and laboratory facilities; and to direct or contract for new space efforts over $1 billion from this Center in this City.
未来5年，美国国家航空航天局预计该领域的科学家和工程师数量将增加一倍，工资和开支将增加至每年6000万美元；投资约2亿美元用于工厂和实验室设施；并指导或承包本市该中心超过 10 亿美元的新太空项目。
To be sure, all this costs us all a good deal of money.
可以肯定的是，所有这一切都花费了我们很多钱。
This year's space budget is three times what it was in January 1961, and it is greater than the space budget of the previous 8 years combined.
今年的航天预算是1961年1月的三倍，并且大于前8年航天预算的总和。
That budget now stands at $5,400 million a year--a staggering sum, though somewhat less than we pay for cigarettes and cigars every year.
现在该预算为每年 54 亿美元，虽然比我们每年购买香烟和雪茄的费用要少一些，但这个数字还是相当惊人。
Space expenditures will soon rise some more, from 40 cents per person per week to more than 50 cents a week for every man, woman, and child in the United States, for we have given this program a high national priority-even though I realize that this is in some measure an act of faith and vision, for we do not now know what benefits await us.
太空支出很快就会进一步增加，从每人每周 40 美分增加到美国每个男人、女人和儿童每周超过 50 美分，因为我们已将此计划列为国家优先事项——尽管我意识到这在某种程度上是一种信仰和愿景的行为，因为我们现在不知道等待我们的好处是什么。
But if I were to say, my fellow citizens, that we shall send to the moon, 240,000 miles away from the control station in Houston, a giant rocket more than 300 feet tall, the length of this football field, made of new metal alloys, some of which have not yet been invented, capable of standing heat and stresses several times more than have ever been experienced, fitted together with a precision better than the finest watch, carrying all the equipment needed for propulsion, guidance, control, communications, food and survival, on an untried mission, to an unknown celestial body, and then return it safely to earth, reentering the atmosphere at speeds of over 25,000 miles per hour, causing heat about half that of the temperature of the sun-almost as hot as it is here today--and do all this, and do it right, and do it first before this decade is out, then we must be bold.
但是，如果我说，我的同胞们，我们将向距离休斯敦控制站 24 万英里的月球发射一枚巨型火箭，其高度超过 300 英尺，相当于这个足球场的长度，由新型金属合金制成，其中一些合金尚未发明，能够承受比以往经历过的数倍的高温和压力，安装的精度比最好的手表还要好，携带推进、制导、控制、通信、食物和生存所需的所有设备，执行一项未经尝试的任务，飞往一个未知的天体，然后安全返回地球，以每小时超过 25,000 英里的速度重新进入大气层，产生的热量约为太阳温度的一半 - 几乎和今天一样热 - 并且做这一切，并且做得正确，并且在这个十年结束之前首先做到这一点，那么我们必须大胆。
I'm the one who is doing all the work, so we just want you to stay cool for a minute.
我是负责所有工作的人，所以我们只想让您保持冷静一分钟。
[Laughter]
[笑声]
However, I think we're going to do it, and I think that we must pay what needs to be paid.
但是，我认为我们要做，而且我认为我们必须付出需要付出的代价。
I don't think we ought to waste any money, but I think we ought to do the job.
我认为我们不应该浪费任何钱，但我认为我们应该做好这项工作。
And this will be done in the decade of the sixties.
这将在六十年代完成。
It may be done while some of you are still here at school at this college and university.
这可以在你们中的一些人还在这所学院和大学就读时完成。
It will be done during the terms of office of some of the people who sit here on this platform.
这将在这个平台上的一些人的任期内完成。
But it will be done.
但这将会完成。
And it will be done before the end of this decade.
这将在本十年结束之前完成。
I am delighted that this university is playing a part in putting a man on the moon as part of a great national effort of the United States of America.
我很高兴这所大学正在将人类送上月球，这是美利坚合众国伟大国家努力的一部分。
Many years ago the great British explorer George Mallory, who was to die on Mount Everest, was asked why did he want to climb it.
许多年前，伟大的英国探险家乔治·马洛里（George Mallory）在珠穆朗玛峰上去世，有人问他为什么要攀登珠穆朗玛峰。
He said, "Because it is there."
他说：“因为它就在那里。”
Well, space is there, and we're going to climb it, and the moon and the planets are there, and new hopes for knowledge and peace are there.
好吧，太空就在那里，我们要攀登它，月球和行星就在那里，知识与和平的新希望就在那里。
And, therefore, as we set sail we ask God's blessing on the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked.
因此，当我们起航时，我们祈求上帝保佑人类有史以来最危险、最伟大的冒险。
Note: The President spoke in the Rice University Stadium at 10 a.m.
注：总统上午 10 点在莱斯大学体育场发表讲话。
In his opening words he referred to Dr. K.
在他的开场白中，他提到了 K 博士。
S.
S。
Pitzer, President of the University, Vice President Lyndon B.
Pitzer，大学校长，副校长 Lyndon B.
Johnson, Governor Price Daniel of Texas, Representative Albert Thomas of Texas, Senator Alexander Wiley of Wisconsin, Representative George P.
约翰逊、德克萨斯州州长普莱斯·丹尼尔、德克萨斯州众议员阿尔伯特·托马斯、威斯康星州参议员亚历山大·威利、众议员乔治·P·约翰逊。
Miller of California, James E.
加利福尼亚州的米勒 (James E.
Webb, Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and David E.
韦伯 (Webb)，美国国家航空航天局局长；David E.
Bell, Director of the Bureau of the Budget.
贝尔，预算局局长。
[APP Note: Kennedy had referred to getting to the moon on many occasions prior to this speech.]
[APP 注：肯尼迪在这次演讲之前曾多次提到登上月球。]
John F.
约翰·F.
Kennedy, Address at Rice University in Houston on the Nation's Space Effort Online by Gerhard Peters and John T.
肯尼迪在休斯敦莱斯大学关于国家太空努力的在线演讲，作者：格哈德·彼得斯 (Gerhard Peters) 和约翰·T·肯尼迪 (John T. Kennedy)
Woolley, The American Presidency Project https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/236798
伍利，美国总统项目 https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/236798
The American Presidency Project John Woolley and Gerhard Peters Contact
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