ZEN and the Art of Modern Money—Part 3

OPERATION #2—The federal government buys something big for the collective good.

行动#2——联邦政府为了集体利益而购买大件东西。

OPERATION #1 looked at a transaction in private commerce—an exchange of money occurring in the Private P/C Chamber of our diagram-machine.

操作＃1着眼于私人商业中的交易——在我们的图表机的私人 P/C 室中发生的货币交换。

OPERATION #2 will observe a transaction in the Public P/C Chamber.

第 2 号行动将观察公共 P/C 室中的交易。

Before we start, this is a good time to address a question you may already have asked: Why does our diagram-machine have two Production/Combustion Chambers?

在我们开始之前，现在是解决您可能已经问过的问题的好时机：为什么我们的图表机有两个生产/燃烧室？

Why can’t all the Production and Consumption that American citizens need take place in just one?

为什么美国公民所需的所有生产和消费不能集中进行？

The answer is this: The Private P/C Chamber that we just observed, by its very nature, will only produce certain kinds of goods and services—namely, those goods and services that can be produced—and marketed—for financial profit .

答案是这样的：我们刚才观察到的私人 P/C 商会，就其本质而言，只会生产某些种类的商品和服务，即那些可以为了经济利润而生产和销售的商品和服务。

The money-issuing mechanism for the Private P/C Chamber is driven exclusively by a profit formula requiring there to be a market willing and able to pay a price (in U.S. dollars) for what is produced that will cover the cost, overhead, and profits of the production.

私人 P/C 商会的货币发行机制完全由利润公式驱动，该公式要求市场愿意并能够为所生产的产品支付价格（以美元为单位），该价格将涵盖生产的成本、管理费用和利润。

When that condition is met, the diagram-machine can produce the required fuel by the mechanism of exchanging Promissory Notes for new bank-dollars, as we’ve just observed.

当满足该条件时，图表机器可以通过将本票兑换成新的银行美元的机制来生产所需的燃料，正如我们刚刚观察到的那样。

If that condition cannot be met, the goods or services will simply not be produced.

如果无法满足该条件，则根本不会生产商品或服务。

There are, however, many non-marketable goods and services required for people to lead safe, healthy, lives in the pursuit of happiness and relative comfort.

然而，人们为了追求幸福和相对舒适而过上安全、健康的生活，需要许多非适销的商品和服务。

These are goods and services for which there is no market either willing or able to pay the cost (in U.S. dollars) required to produce them—yet which are necessary or highly desirable for the collective good of American society.

这些商品和服务没有市场愿意或有能力支付生产它们所需的成本（以美元计），但对于美国社会的集体利益来说，它们是必要的或非常需要的。

These “ non-marketable” goods and services fall into two categories, depending on how they are produced:

这些“不可销售”的商品和服务根据其生产方式分为两类：

The distinction between these two categories is extremely important so far as capitalism-versus-socialism arguments are concerned (which we can explore later).

就资本主义与社会主义的争论而言（我们稍后会探讨），这两个类别之间的区别极其重要。

As far as our machine-diagram is concerned, however, it doesn’t matter if it’s producing fuel for a state-owned enterprise (like the court system) or a state- paid private business (like Lockheed).

然而，就我们的机器图而言，它是否为国有企业（如法院系统）或国家付费的私营企业（如洛克希德公司）生产燃料并不重要。

All that matters to us, at the moment, is to see why producing these kinds of goods and services requires a second P/C Chamber with a different formula for producing fuel (money).

目前对我们来说重要的是了解为什么生产此类商品和服务需要第二个具有不同公式来生产燃料（金钱）的 P/C 室。

To observe this different formula in OPERATION #2 let’s imagine a very large non-marketable challenge that collective society might confront: engineering and deploying a Satellite Laser-Cannon to destroy incoming asteroids larger than a football field.

为了观察第二号行动中的不同公式，让我们想象一下集体社会可能面临的一个非常大的非市场挑战：设计和部署卫星激光炮来摧毁比足球场大的来袭小行星。

(This is the size that could vaporize a major city.) Clearly, private commerce is not going to generate the money (fuel) necessary to build and deploy the asteroid-blasting weapon for the simple reason there is no market willing or able to pay for it.

（这个规模可能会蒸发一座大城市。）显然，私人商业不会产生建造和部署小行星爆炸武器所需的资金（燃料），原因很简单，没有市场愿意或有能力为此付费。

It will have to be undertaken and accomplished in the Public P/C Chamber.

它必须在公共 P/C 室进行和完成。

STEP #1: Congress appropriates U.S. dollars and directs the Treasury to spend them to cause a Satellite Laser-Cannon to be engineered, deployed, and operated.

步骤#1：国会拨款并指示财政部使用这些美元来设计、部署和操作卫星激光炮。

Imagining we are stuck sells our diagram-machine short— far short of what it’s capable of accomplishing.

想象我们被困住了，我们的图表机器就显得很渺小——远远达不到它能够完成的任务。

As we’ll now see, if the labor, expertise, technology, and materials necessary to build the Satellite Laser-Cannon exist—and can be purchased with U.S. dollars—our diagram-machine is fully capable of producing the fuel necessary to marshal those resources to accomplish the task.

正如我们现在将看到的，如果建造卫星激光炮所需的劳动力、专业知识、技术和材料存在——并且可以用美元购买——我们的图表机器完全有能力生产必要的燃料来整合这些资源来完成任务。

Let’s observe now how our machine does it.

现在让我们观察一下我们的机器是如何做到的。

That’s the conclusion of OPERATION #2.

这就是第二次操作的结论。

The net result of all the accounting operations is that a Satellite Laser-Cannon is built and deployed—and now stands ready to deflect the course of any dangerously large asteroid that might threaten an American city.

所有核算操作的最终结果是建造并部署了卫星激光炮，现在它已准备好偏转任何可能威胁美国城市的危险大型小行星的航向。

That, and the peace-of-mind it provides American society, is a big accomplishment!

这以及它为美国社会带来的安心，是一项巨大的成就！

There are several important things we should consider now about the operations we’ve just observed—but first let’s allow the diagram-machine to run a bit longer before we hit the pause button.

关于我们刚刚观察到的操作，我们现在应该考虑一些重要的事情 - 但首先让我们在按下暂停按钮之前让图表机运行更长的时间。

(You will have noted that, since it is self-fueling, unless someone or some t hing hits the kill switch, it will run on and on forever.) We want to look at two more quick operations in the next Post:

（您可能已经注意到，由于它是自我加油的，除非有人或某物按下终止开关，否则它将永远运行。）我们想在下一篇文章中看看另外两个快速操作：

OPERATION #4—Promissory Note from Bank#1 to the FED is cancelled.

操作#4——银行#1 给美联储的期票被取消。