Wade-Davis Bill (1864)

Citation: Handwritten copy of Wade-Davis Bill as originally submitted; 2/15/1864; Bills and Resolutions Originating in the House, 1789 - 1974; Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, Record Group 233; National Archives Building, Washington, DC.

引文：最初提交的韦德-戴维斯法案的手写副本； 1864 年 2 月 15 日；源自众议院的法案和决议，1789 年至 1974 年；美国众议院记录，记录组 233；国家档案馆，华盛顿特区。

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At the end of the Civil War, this bill created a framework for Reconstruction and the re-admittance of the Confederate states to the Union.

内战结束时，该法案为重建和南部邦联各州重新加入联邦创建了框架。

In late 1863, President Abraham Lincoln and Congress began to consider the question of how the Union would be reunited if the North won the Civil War.

1863 年末，亚伯拉罕·林肯总统和国会开始考虑如果北方赢得内战，联邦将如何重新统一的问题。

In December, President Lincoln proposed a reconstruction program that would allow Confederate states to establish new state governments after 10 percent of their male population took loyalty oaths and the states recognized the permanent freedom of formerly enslaved people.

12 月，林肯总统提出了一项重建计划，允许南部邦联各州在 10% 的男性人口宣誓效忠后建立新的州政府，并且各州承认以前被奴役的人民的永久自由。

Several congressional Republicans thought Lincoln’s 10 percent plan was too lenient.

一些国会共和党人认为林肯的10%计划过于宽松。

Senator Benjamin F.

参议员本杰明·F.

Wade, of Ohio, and Representative Henry Winter Davis, of Maryland, proposed a more stringent plan in February 1864.

俄亥俄州的韦德和马里兰州的众议员亨利·温特·戴维斯于 1864 年 2 月提出了一项更为严格的计划。

The Wade-Davis Reconstruction Bill would also have abolished slavery, but it required that 50 percent of a state's White males take a loyalty oath to the United States (and swear they had never assisted the Confederacy) to be readmitted to the Union.

韦德-戴维斯重建法案也将废除奴隶制，但它要求一个州 50% 的白人男性宣誓效忠美国（并发誓他们从未协助过南部邦联）才能重新加入联邦。

Only after taking this "Ironclad Oath" would they be able to participate in conventions to write new state constitutions.

只有立下这个“铁定誓言”，他们才能够参加制定新州宪法的大会。

Congress passed the Wade-Davis Bill, but President Lincoln chose not to sign it, killing the bill with a pocket veto.

国会通过了《韦德-戴维斯法案》，但林肯总统选择不签署该法案，并以否决权否决了该法案。

Lincoln continued to advocate tolerance and speed in plans for the reconstruction of the Union in opposition to Congress.

林肯继续在反对国会的联邦重建计划中主张宽容和速度。

After Lincoln’s assassination in April 1865, however, Congress had the upper hand in shaping federal policy toward the defeated South and imposed the harsher reconstruction requirements first advocated in the Wade-Davis Bill.

然而，1865 年 4 月林肯遇刺后，国会在制定针对战败南方的联邦政策方面占据了上风，并实施了《韦德-戴维斯法案》中首次提出的更严厉的重建要求。

This document is available on DocsTeach , the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.

该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。

Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .

查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。

A Bill to guarantee to certain States whose Governments have been usurped or overthrown a Republican Form of Government.

一项保证其政府被篡夺或推翻的某些州实行共和政府形式的法案。

Section 1.

第 1 节。

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That in the states declared in rebellion against the United States, the President shall, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint for each a provisional governor, whose pay and emoluments shall not exceed that of a brigadier-general of volunteers, who shall be charged with the civil administration of such state until a state government therein shall be recognized as hereinafter provided.

美利坚合众国参议院和众议院在国会中制定的规定，在宣布叛乱合众国的各州，总统应根据参议院的建议和同意，为每个州任命一名临时州长，其工资和报酬不得超过志愿军准将的工资，负责该州的民政管理，直至该州的州政府按照下文规定得到承认。

Section 2.

第 2 节。

And be it further enacted, That so soon as the military resistance to the United States shall have been suppressed in any such state, and the people thereof shall have sufficiently returned to their obedience to the constitution and the laws of the United States, the provisional governor shall direct the marshal of the United States, as speedily as may be, to name a sufficient number of deputies, and to enroll all white male citizens of the United States, resident in the state in their respective counties, and to request each one to take the oath to support the constitution of the United States, and in his enrollment to designate those who take and those who refuse to take that oath, which rolls shall be forthwith returned to the provisional governor; and if the persons taking that oath shall amount to a majority of the persons enrolled in the state, he shall, by proclamation, invite the loyal people of the state to elect delegates to a convention charged to declare the will of the people of the state relative to the reestablishment of a state government subject to, and in conformity with, the constitution of the United States.

进一步规定，一旦任何州对美国的军事抵抗被镇压，该州人民充分恢复对美国宪法和法律的服从，临时总督应指示美国元帅尽快任命足够数量的代表，并登记居住在各自县的该州的所有美国白人男性公民，并要求每个人接受宣誓支持合众国宪法，并在登记中指定宣誓者和拒绝宣誓者，宣誓名册应立即返还给临时州长；如果宣誓的人数达到该州登记人数的大多数，他应以公告的方式邀请该州忠诚的人民选举代表参加一次大会，该大会负责宣布该州人民关于重建受合众国宪法管辖的州政府的意愿。