Virginia Plan (1787)
Citation: State of Resolutions Submitted to the Consideration of the House by the Honorable Mr. Randolph as Altered, Amended, and Agreed to in a Committee of the Whole House; 6/13/1787; Official Records of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, 1785 - 1787; Records of the Continental and Confederation Congresses and the Constitutional Convention, Record Group 360; National Archives Building, Washington, DC.
引文：伦道夫先生阁下提交众议院审议的经全体委员会修改、修订和同意的决议的状态； 1787 年 6 月 13 日； 1787 年、1785 年至 1787 年制宪会议的正式记录；大陆会议和邦联会议以及制宪会议的记录，记录组 360；国家档案馆，华盛顿特区。
View All Pages in National Archives Catalog
查看国家档案馆目录中的所有页面
Drafted by James Madison, and presented by Edmund Randolph to the Constitutional Convention on May 29, 1787, the Virginia Plan proposed a strong central government composed of three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.
弗吉尼亚计划由詹姆斯·麦迪逊起草，并由埃德蒙·伦道夫于 1787 年 5 月 29 日向制宪会议提出，该计划提议建立一个由立法、行政和司法三个部门组成的强大中央政府。
At the Constitutional Convention on May 29, 1787, Virginia delegate Edmund Randolph proposed what became known as "The Virginia Plan." Written primarily by fellow Virginian James Madison, the plan traced the broad outlines of what would become the U.S. Constitution: a national government consisting of three branches, with checks and balances to prevent the abuse of power.
在 1787 年 5 月 29 日的制宪会议上，弗吉尼亚州代表埃德蒙·伦道夫提出了后来被称为“弗吉尼亚计划”的计划。该计划主要由弗吉尼亚州同胞詹姆斯·麦迪逊撰写，描绘了美国宪法的大致轮廓：一个由三个部门组成的国家政府，并通过制衡来防止滥用权力。
The Virginia Plan went through several revisions before it was finalized.
弗吉尼亚计划在最终确定之前经历了多次修改。
The document shown here from June 13, 1787, is not the Virginia Plan as originally submitted by Randolph on May 29th (that original draft of the 15 resolutions has never been found).
这里展示的 1787 年 6 月 13 日文件并不是伦道夫最初于 5 月 29 日提交的《弗吉尼亚计划》（该 15 项决议的原始草案从未被发现）。
This document shows the resolutions "as Altered, Amended, and Agreed to in a Committee of the Whole House," a third of the way through the convention.
这份文件显示了大会已进行三分之一的决议“经全体会议委员会修改、修订和同意”。
This page of the amended plan illustrates Madison's ideas for a legislature.
修订计划的这一页阐述了麦迪逊关于立法机构的想法。
It describes two houses: one with members elected by the people for three-year terms and the other composed of older leaders elected by the state legislatures for seven-year terms.
它描述了两院：一院的成员由人民选举产生，任期三年，另一院由州立法机构选举的老领导人组成，任期七年。
Both would use population as a basis for dividing seats among the states.
两者都将使用人口作为各州分配席位的基础。
Historians have debated the exact text of the original resolutions as submitted on May 29th, using existing manuscript copies to understand what was originally proposed.
历史学家们对 5 月 29 日提交的原始决议的确切文本进行了辩论，利用现有的手稿副本来理解最初提议的内容。
You can learn more about this process on Founders Online , a searchable archive of the correspondence and other writings of several of the Founders of the United States government.
您可以在 Founders Online 上了解有关此过程的更多信息，这是一个可搜索的美国政府几位创始人的信件和其他著作的档案。
This document is available on DocsTeach , the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.
该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。
Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .
查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。
Note: This is not a transcription of the original Virginia Plan as submitted by Edmund Randolph on May 29, 1787.
注意：这不是埃德蒙·伦道夫于 1787 年 5 月 29 日提交的原始弗吉尼亚计划的抄本。
This is a transcription of the document from June 13,1787, showing the proposed resolutions "as Altered, Amended, and Agreed to in a Committee of the Whole House," a third of the way through the convention.
这是 1787 年 6 月 13 日文件的抄录，显示了大会进行到三分之一时“在全体众议院委员会中经过修改、修订和同意”的拟议决议。
State of the resolutions submitted to the consideration of the House by the honorable Mr. Randolph, as altered, amended, and agreed to, in a Committee of the whole House.
伦道夫先生阁下提交众议院审议的经全体委员会修改、修正和同意的决议的情况。
1.
1.
Resolved that it is the opinion of this Committee that a national government ought to be established consisting of a Supreme Legislative, Judiciary, and Executive.
决定本委员会认为应建立一个由最高立法机构、司法机构和行政机构组成的国家政府。
2.
2.
Resolved .
解决了。
that the national Legislature ought to consist of Two Branches.
国家立法机关应由两个分支组成。
3.
3.
Resolved that the members of the first branch of the national Legislature ought to be elected by the People of the several States for the term of Three years.
决定国家立法机关第一分支的成员应由各州人民选举产生，任期三年。
to receive fixed stipends, by which they may be compensated for the devotion of their time to public service to be paid out of the National Treasury.
获得固定津贴，通过这种津贴，他们可以从国库中支付他们对公共服务的奉献时间的补偿。
to be ineligible to any Office established by a particular State or under the authority of the United-States (except those peculiarly belonging to the functions of the first branch) during the term of service, and under the national government for the space of one year after it's expiration.
在服务期限内，以及任期届满后一年内，没有资格在特定国家设立的或在美国权力下设立的任何办公室（特别属于第一分支机构职能的办公室除外）。
4.
4.
Resolved .
解决了。
that the members of the second Branch of the national Legislature ought to be chosen by the individual Legislatures.
国家立法机关第二部门的成员应由各个立法机关选出。
to be of the age of thirty years at least.
年龄至少三十岁。
to hold their offices for a term sufficient to ensure their independency, namely seven years.
任职期限足以确保其独立性，即七年。
to receive fixed stipends, by which they may be compensated for the devotion of their time to public service — to be paid out of the National Treasury to be ineligible to any office established by a particular State, or under the authority of the United States (except those peculiarly belonging to the functions of the second branch) during the term of service, and under the national government, for the space of one year after it's expiration.
获得固定津贴，通过这种津贴他们可以因其对公共服务的投入而得到补偿——在服务期限内从国家财政部支付，没有资格在特定州设立的任何办公室，或在美国权力下（除了那些特别属于第二部门的职能的办公室），在国家政府领导下，在服务期满后一年内。
5.
5.
Resolved that each branch ought to possess the right of originating acts.
决定各分支机构应享有行为原创权。
6.
6.
Resolved .
解决了。
that the national Legislature ought to be empowered to enjoy the legislative rights vested in Congress by the confederation — and moreover to legislate in all cases to which the separate States are incompetent: or in which the harmony of the United States may be interrupted by the exercise of individual legislation.
国家立法机关应被授权享有联邦赋予国会的立法权，此外，还应有权在各州无权立法的所有情况下进行立法：或者在个别立法的行使可能会破坏合众国和谐的情况下。
to negative all laws passed by the several States contravening, in the opinion of the national Legislature, the articles of union, or any treaties subsisting under the authority of the union.
否决几个州通过的所有法律，这些法律违反国家立法机关认为的联盟条款或在联盟权力下存在的任何条约。
7.
7.
Resolved .
解决了。
that the right of suffrage in the first branch of the national Legislature ought not to be according to the rule established in the articles of confederation: but according to some equitable ratio of representation — namely, in proportion to the whole number of white and other free citizens and inhabitants of every age, sex, and condition including those bound to servitude for a term of years, and three fifths of all other persons not comprehended in the foregoing description, except Indians, not paying taxes in each State.
国家立法机关第一部门的选举权不应该根据联邦条款中规定的规则：而应该根据某种公平的代表比例，即与白人和其他自由公民以及各个年龄、性别和状况的居民的总数（包括那些被奴役多年的人）以及上述描述中未包括的所有其他人（除印第安人外）在每个州不纳税的五分之三的比例。
8.
8.
Resolved .
解决了。
that the right of suffrage in the second branch of the national Legislature ought to be according to the rule established for the first.
国家立法机关第二部门的选举权应遵循第一部门制定的规则。
9.
9.
Resolved .
解决了。
that a national Executive be instituted to consist of a single person.
设立一个由一人组成的国家行政机构。
to be chosen by the National Legislature.
由国家立法机关选出。
for the term of seven years.
任期七年。
with power to carry into execution the national Laws, to appoint to Offices in cases not otherwise provided for to be ineligible a second time, and to be removable on impeachment and conviction of mal practice or neglect of duty.
有权执行国家法律，在没有其他规定的情况下再次任命官员，并在因不当行为或玩忽职守而被弹劾和定罪后被免职。
to receive a fixed stipend, by which he may be compensated for the devotion of his time to public service to be paid out of the national Treasury.
获得固定津贴，通过该津贴，他可以从国库中支付他对公共服务的贡献。
10.
10.
Resolved .
解决了。
that the national executive shall have a right to negative any legislative act: which shall not be afterwards passed unless by two third parts of each branch of the national Legislature.
国家行政部门有权否决任何立法法案：除非得到国家立法机构各部门三分之二的批准，否则不得事后通过。
11.
11.
Resolved .
解决了。
that a national Judiciary be established to consist of One Supreme Tribunal.
建立一个由一个最高法庭组成的国家司法机构。
The Judges of which to be appointed by the second Branch of the National Legislature.
其法官由国家立法机关第二院任命。
to hold their offices during good behaviour to receive, punctually, at stated times, a fixed compensation for their services: in which no encrease or diminution shall be made so as to affect the persons actually in office at the time of such encrease or diminution.
在表现良好的情况下任职，以便在规定的时间准时获得固定的服务报酬：报酬的增加或减少不得影响增加或减少时实际在职的人员。
12.
12.
Resolved .
解决了。
That the national Legislature be empowered to appoint inferior Tribunals.
国家立法机关有权任命下级法庭。
13.
13.
Resolved .
解决了。
that the jurisdiction of the national Judiciary shall extend to cases which respect the collection of the national revenue: impeachments of any national officers: and questions which involve the national peace and harmony.
国家司法机构的管辖权应延伸至涉及国家税收的案件：弹劾任何国家官员；以及涉及国家和平与和谐的问题。
14.
14.
Resolved .
解决了。
that provision ought to be made for the admission of States, lawfully arising within the limits of the United States, whether from a voluntary junction of government and territory, or otherwise, with the consent of a number of voices in the national Legislature less than the whole.
应当为在合众国境内合法产生的国家的接纳做出规定，无论是政府和领土的自愿结合，还是其他方式，都需要得到国家立法机关中少数人（而非全体）的同意。
15.
15.
Resolved .
解决了。
that provision ought to be made for the continuance of Congress and their authorities until a given day after the reform of the articles of Union shall be adopted; and for the completion of all their engagements.
应当制定规定，使国会及其权力继续存在，直至通过《联邦章程》改革后的某一天；并完成他们的所有任务。
16.
16.
Resolved that a republican constitution, and its existing laws, ought to be guaranteed to each State by the United States.
决议规定美国应向各州保证共和宪法及其现行法律。
17.
17.
Resolved .
解决了。
that provision ought to be made for the amendment of the articles of Union, whensoever it shall seem necessary.
必要时，应当对联盟章程的修改作出规定。
18.
18.
Resolved .
解决了。
that the Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary powers within the several States ought to be bound by oath to support the articles of Union.
各州的立法、行政和司法权力应宣誓支持联盟条款。
19.
19.
Resolved .
解决了。
that the amendments which shall be offered to the confederation by the Convention, ought at a proper time or times, after the approbation of Congress to be submitted to an assembly or assemblies of representatives, recommended by the several Legislatures, to be expressly chosen by the People to consider and decide thereon.
国民公会向联邦提出的修正案，应在国会批准后，在适当的时候，根据几个立法机关的建议，提交给一个或多个代表大会，并由人民明确选择进行审议并作出决定。
Received this sheet from the President of the United States, with the journals of the general Convention, March 19th, 1796.
收到美国总统寄来的这张纸，以及 1796 年 3 月 19 日的总会期刊。
Timothy Pickering Secy of State
蒂莫西·皮克林 (Timothy Pickering) 国务卿
State of the Resolutions submitted by Mr. Randolph to the Consideration of the House, as altered, amended and agreed to in a committee of the whole House.
伦道夫先生提交众议院审议并经全体众议院委员会修改、修正和同意的决议的情况。
Received from the President of the U.
收到美国总统的来信。
States, March 19, 1796.
美国，1796 年 3 月 19 日。
by Timothy Pickering Secy of State
作者：国务卿蒂莫西·皮克林