Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964)

Citation: Tonkin Gulf Resolution; Public Law 88-408, 88th Congress, August 7, 1964; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives.

引文：北部湾决议；公法 88-408，第 88 届国会，1964 年 8 月 7 日；美国政府总记录；记录组11；国家档案馆。

Tonkin Gulf Resolution, Senate roll call tally sheet, 08/07/1964; SEN 88A-M1, Misc Roll Calls, 88th Congress, 2nd Session; Record Group 46, Records of the U.

北部湾决议，参议院点名记录表，1964 年 8 月 7 日； SEN 88A-M1，其他点名，第 88 届大会，第 2 次会议；记录组 46，美国记录。

S.

S。

Senate; National Archives.

参议院；国家档案馆。

View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog

查看国家档案目录中的所有页面

This joint resolution of Congress (H.J.

国会的这项联合决议（H.J.

RES 1145), dated August 7, 1964, gave President Lyndon Johnson authority to increase U.S. involvement in the war between North and South Vietnam.

RES 1145）于 1964 年 8 月 7 日授权林登·约翰逊总统加强美国对南北越战争的参与。

On the evening of August 4, 1964, President Lyndon Johnson addressed the nation in a televised speech in which he announced that two days earlier, U.S. ships had been attacked twice in international waters in the Gulf of Tonkin near North Vietnam.

1964 年 8 月 4 日晚，林登·约翰逊总统向全国发表电视讲话，宣布两天前，美国船只在北越附近的北部湾国际水域遭到两次袭击。

Johnson dispatched U.S. planes against the attackers and asked Congress to pass a resolution to support his actions.

约翰逊派遣美国飞机对抗袭击者，并要求国会通过一项决议支持他的行动。

There was little debate in Congress, and the joint resolution "to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia" passed on August 7, with only two Senators (Wayne Morse and Ernest Gruening) dissenting.

国会几乎没有辩论，“促进维护东南亚国际和平与安全”的联合决议于8月7日通过，只有两名参议员（韦恩·莫尔斯和欧内斯特·格鲁宁）表示反对。

The Tonkin Gulf Resolution became the subject of great political controversy in the course of the undeclared war that followed.

在随后的不宣而战的过程中，《北部湾决议》成为了巨大政治争议的主题。

It stated that "Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent any further aggression." As a result, President Johnson, and later President Nixon, relied on the resolution as the legal basis for their military policies in Vietnam.

声明称，“国会批准并支持总统作为总司令采取一切必要措施击退针对美国军队的任何武装攻击并防止任何进一步的侵略的决心。”结果，约翰逊总统和后来的尼克松总统都将该决议作为其越南军事政策的法律依据。

There were two incidents in the Gulf of Tonkin in the days preceding Johnson's speech.

约翰逊发表讲话前几天，北部湾发生了两起事件。

On August 2 – the first Tonkin Gulf incident – North Vietnamese torpedo boats were spotted and attacked the destroyer USS Maddox .

8 月 2 日，第一次北部湾事件——北越鱼雷艇被发现并袭击了美国海军马多克斯号驱逐舰。

The Maddox was conducting electronic eavesdropping on North Vietnam to assist South Vietnamese Army (ARVN) commando raids on North Vietnamese targets, but that wasn't publicly known at the time.

马多克斯号正在对北越进行电子窃听，以协助南越陆军（ARVN）突击队突袭北越目标，但这在当时并未为公众所知。

Historians now suspect the North Vietnamese boats had set out to attack an ARVN raid in progress when it encountered the Maddox .

历史学家现在怀疑，北越船只在遭遇“马多克斯”号时，是为了攻击正在进行的南越海军突袭行动。

Then on August 4, the USS Maddox captain reported a second incident, that he was "under continuous torpedo attack." He later cabled "freak weather effects on radar and overeager sonarmen may have accounted for many reports," but Defense Secretary Robert McNamara did not report the captain's doubts to President Johnson.

随后在8月4日，马多克斯号航空母舰舰长报告了第二起事件，称他“受到持续的鱼雷攻击”。他后来电报说，“反常的天气对雷达的影响和过度热切的声纳人员可能导致了许多报告”，但国防部长罗伯特·麦克纳马拉没有向约翰逊总统报告船长的怀疑。

(A 2002 National Security Agency report made available in 2007 confirmed the August 2 attack, but concluded the August 4 attack never happened.)

（国家安全局 2002 年的一份报告于 2007 年发布，证实了 8 月 2 日的袭击事件，但得出的结论是 8 月 4 日的袭击从未发生过。）

Johnson portrayed confrontations between U.S. and North Vietnamese ships off the coast of North Vietnam as unprovoked aggression when he addressed Congress.

约翰逊在国会发表讲话时将美国和北越船只在北越沿海发生的对抗描述为无端侵略。

When contrary information later surfaced, many believed Congress had been conned, but it was too late.

当相反的信息后来浮出水面时，许多人认为国会被欺骗了，但为时已晚。

The Gulf of Tonkin act became more controversial as opposition to the war mounted.

随着反对战争的声音越来越多，《北部湾法案》变得更具争议性。

A Senate investigation revealed that the Maddox had been on an intelligence mission in Tonkin Gulf, contradicting Johnson’s denial of U.S. Navy support of such missions.

参议院的一项调查显示，马多克斯号一直在北部湾执行情报任务，这与约翰逊否认美国海军支持此类任务的说法相矛盾。

The Resolution was repealed in January 1971 in an attempt to curtail President Nixon’s power to continue the war.

该决议于 1971 年 1 月被废除，试图限制尼克松总统继续战争的权力。

This document is available on DocsTeach, the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.

该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。

Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .

查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。

Eighty-eighth Congress of the United States of America AT THE SECOND SESSION

美利坚合众国第八十八届国会第二次会议

Begun and held at the City of Washington on Tuesday, the seventh day of January, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-four

于 1964 年 1 月 7 日星期二在华盛顿市开始并举行

Joint Resolution To promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia.

联合决议 促进维护东南亚国际和平与安全。

Whereas naval units of the Communist regime in Vietnam, in violation of the principles of the Charter of the United Nations and of international law, have deliberately and repeatedly attacked United States naval vessels lawfully present in international waters, and have thereby created a serious threat to international peace; and

鉴于越南共产党政权的海军部队违反《联合国宪章》和国际法的原则，蓄意多次袭击合法存在于国际水域的美国海军舰艇，从而对国际和平造成严重威胁；和

Whereas these attackers are part of deliberate and systematic campaign of aggression that the Communist regime in North Vietnam has been waging against its neighbors and the nations joined with them in the collective defense of their freedom; and

鉴于这些袭击者是北越共产党政权对其邻国以及与他们一起集体捍卫其自由的国家进行的蓄意和系统性侵略活动的一部分；和

Whereas the United States is assisting the peoples of southeast Asia to protest their freedom and has no territorial, military or political ambitions in that area, but desires only that these people should be left in peace to work out their destinies in their own way: Now, therefore be it

鉴于美国正在协助东南亚人民抗议他们的自由，并且在该地区没有领土、军事或政治野心，而只想让这些人民享有和平，以自己的方式决定自己的命运：现在，就这样吧

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Congress approves and supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression.

美利坚合众国参议院和众议院在国会通过的决议，国会批准并支持总统作为总司令采取一切必要措施击退针对美国军队的任何武装攻击并防止进一步的侵略的决定。

Section 2.

第 2 节。

The United States regards as vital to its national interest and to world peace the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia.

美国认为维护东南亚的国际和平与安全对其国家利益和世界和平至关重要。

Consonant with the Constitution of the United States and the Charter of the United Nations and in accordance with its obligations under the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, the United States is, therefore, prepared, as the President determines, to take all necessary steps, including the use of armed force, to assist any member or protocol state of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty requesting assistance in defense of its freedom.

因此，根据《美国宪法》和《联合国宪章》，并根据《东南亚集体防御条约》规定的义务，美国准备按照总统的决定，采取一切必要步骤，包括使用武力，协助《东南亚集体防御条约》的任何成员国或议定书国家请求援助，以捍卫其自由。

Section 3.

第 3 节。

This resolution shall expire when the President shall determine that the peace and security of the area is reasonably assured by international conditions created by action of the United Nations or otherwise, except that it may be terminated earlier by concurrent resolution of the Congress.

当总统确定联合国或其他行动所创造的国际条件合理地保证了该地区的和平与安全时，本决议即告失效，但国会同时通过决议可以提前终止该决议。