Servicemen's Readjustment Act (1944)
Citation: An act to provide Federal Government aid for the readjustment in civilian life of returning World War II veterans, June 22,1944; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1996; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives.
引文：1944 年 6 月 22 日一项旨在为归国的二战退伍军人重新调整平民生活提供联邦政府援助的法案；国会登记法案和决议，1789-1996；美国政府总记录；记录组11；国家档案馆。
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Signed into law by President Franklin D.
由富兰克林·D·总统签署成为法律。
Roosevelt on June 22, 1944, this act, also known as the G.I.
罗斯福于 1944 年 6 月 22 日颁布了这一法案，也称为《退伍军人法案》。
Bill, provided World War II veterans with funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing.
比尔为二战退伍军人提供大学教育、失业保险和住房资金。
It put higher education within the reach of millions of veterans of WWII and later military conflicts.
它使数百万参加过二战和后来的军事冲突的退伍军人能够接受高等教育。
While World War II was still being fought, the Department of Labor estimated that, after the war, 15 million men and women who had been serving in the armed services would be unemployed.
当第二次世界大战仍在进行时，美国劳工部估计，战后将有 1500 万在军队服役的男女将失业。
To reduce the possibility of postwar depression brought on by widespread unemployment, the National Resources Planning Board, a White House agency, studied postwar manpower needs as early as 1942 and in June 1943 recommended a series of programs for education and training.
为了减少普遍失业带来战后萧条的可能性，白宫机构国家资源规划委员会早在1942年就研究了战后的人力需求，并于1943年6月推荐了一系列教育和培训计划。
The American Legion designed the main features of what became the Serviceman’s Readjustment Act and pushed it through Congress.
美国军团设计了《军人调整法案》的主要内容，并将其推动国会通过。
The bill unanimously passed both chambers of Congress in the spring of 1944.
该法案于 1944 年春获得国会参众两院一致通过。
President Franklin D.
总统富兰克林·D.
Roosevelt signed it into law on June 22, 1944, just days after the D-day invasion of Normandy.
1944 年 6 月 22 日，即诺曼底诺曼底登陆几天后，罗斯福将其签署成为法律。
American Legion publicist Jack Cejnar called it "the GI Bill of Rights,” as it offered Federal aid to help veterans adjust to civilian life in the areas of hospitalization, purchase of homes and businesses, and especially, education.
美国军团公关人员杰克·塞纳尔（Jack Cejnar）将其称为“退伍军人权利法案”，因为它提供联邦援助，帮助退伍军人在住院、购买房屋和企业，尤其是教育方面适应平民生活。
This act provided tuition, subsistence, books and supplies, equipment, and counseling services for veterans to continue their education in school or college.
该法案为退伍军人提供学费、生活费、书籍和用品、设备以及咨询服务，以便他们继续在学校或大学接受教育。
Within the following seven years, approximately eight million veterans received educational benefits.
在接下来的七年里，大约八百万退伍军人获得了教育福利。
Under the act, approximately 2,300,000 attended colleges and universities, 3,500,000 received school training, and 3,400,000 received on-the-job training.
根据该法案，大约有 2,300,000 人进入学院和大学，3,500,000 人接受学校培训，3,400,000 人接受在职培训。
The number of degrees awarded by U.S. colleges and universities more than doubled between 1940 and 1950, and the percentage of Americans with bachelor degrees, or advanced degrees, rose from 4.6 percent in 1945 to 25 percent a half-century later.
1940 年至 1950 年间，美国学院和大学授予的学位数量增加了一倍多，拥有学士学位或高级学位的美国人的比例从 1945 年的 4.6% 上升到半个世纪后的 25%。
Unfortunately, not all veterans were able to take advantage of the benefits of the G.I.
不幸的是，并非所有退伍军人都能享受到退伍军人的好处。
Bill.
账单。
Black vets were often unable to get bank loans for mortgages in Black neighborhoods, and they faced prejudice and discrimination that overwhelming excluded them from buying homes in "white" suburban neighborhoods.
黑人退伍军人往往无法在黑人社区获得抵押贷款的银行贷款，他们面临着偏见和歧视，这些偏见和歧视压倒性地将他们排除在“白人”郊区购买房屋之外。
By 1956, when the G.I.
到 1956 年，当 G.I.
Bill expired, the education-and-training portion had disbursed $14.5 billion to veterans—but the Veterans Administration estimated the increase in Federal income taxes alone would pay for the cost of the bill several times over.
法案到期后，教育和培训部分已向退伍军人支付了 145 亿美元，但退伍军人管理局估计，仅联邦所得税的增加就足以支付该法案数倍的费用。
By 1955, 4.3 million home loans had been granted, with a total face value of $33 billion.
到 1955 年，已发放了 430 万笔住房贷款，总面值达 330 亿美元。
In addition, veterans were responsible for buying 20 percent of all new homes built after the war.
此外，退伍军人购买了战后新建房屋的 20%。
The results rippled through the rest of the economy; there would be no new depression—just unparalleled prosperity for a generation.
其结果波及了经济的其他领域。不会出现新的萧条，只会给一代人带来无与伦比的繁荣。
The G.I.
美军士兵
Bill has been extended several times.
法案已多次延期。
Nearly 2.3 million veterans participated in the program during the Korean War era and more than eight million during the Vietnam era.
朝鲜战争时期有近 230 万退伍军人参加了该计划，越南战争时期则有超过 800 万退伍军人参加。
This document is available on DocsTeach, the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.
该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。
Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .
查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。
AN ACT To provide Federal Government aid for the readjustment in civilian life of returning World War II veterans.
一项法案 为归国的二战退伍军人提供联邦政府援助，以调整其平民生活。
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the "Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944".
由美利坚合众国参议院和众议院在国会中制定，该法案可被称为“1944年军人调整法案”。
TITLE I CHAPTER I-HOSPITALIZATION, CLAIMS, AND PROCEDURES
第一章第一章——住院、索赔和程序
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
100.
100.
The Veterans' Administration is hereby declared to be an essential war agency and entitled, second only to the War and Navy Departments, to priorities in personnel, equipment, supplies, and material under any laws, Executive orders, and regulations pertaining to priorities, and in appointments of personnel from civil-service registers the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs is hereby granted the same authority and discretion as the War and Navy Departments and the United States Public Health Service: Provided, That the provisions of this section as to priorities for materials shall apply to any State institution to be built for the care or hospitalization of veterans.
特此宣布退伍军人管理局是一个重要的战争机构，并有权根据与优先事项有关的任何法律、行政命令和法规，在人员、设备、补给和材料方面享有仅次于战争部和海军部的优先权，并且在从公务员登记册中任命人员时，退伍军人事务管理局特此被授予与战争部和海军部以及美国公共卫生服务部相同的权力和自由裁量权：条件是，本节关于材料优先权的规定应适用于任何人为退伍军人的护理或住院而建立的国家机构。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
101.
101.
The Administrator of Veterans' Affairs and the Federal Board of Hospitalization are hereby authorized and directed to expedite and complete the construction of additional hospital facilities for war veterans, and to enter into agreements and contracts for the use by or transfer to the Veterans' Administration of suitable Army and Navy hospitals after termination of hostilities in the present war or after such institutions are no longer needed by the armed services; and the Administrator of Veterans Affairs is hereby authorized and directed to establish necessary regional offices, sub- offices, branch offices, contact units, or other subordinate offices in centers of population where there is no Veterans' Administration facility, or where such a facility is not readily available or accessible : Provided, That there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of $500,000,000 for the construction of additional hospital facilities.
特此授权并指示退伍军人事务管理局和联邦住院委员会加快并完成为战争退伍军人建造更多医院设施，并签订协议和合同，以便在当前战争结束后或武装部队不再需要此类机构后，由退伍军人管理局使用或移交适当的陆军和海军医院；特此授权并指示退伍军人事务管理局在没有退伍军人管理局设施或不易获得或无法获得此类设施的人口中心设立必要的区域办事处、分办事处、分支机构、联络单位或其他下属办事处：前提是，特此授权拨款 5 亿美元用于建造额外的医院设施。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
102.
102.
The Administrator of Veterans' Affairs and the Secretary of War and Secretary of the Navy are hereby granted authority to enter into agreements and contracts for the mutual use or exchange of use of hospital and domiciliary facilities, and such supplies, equipment, and material as may be needed to operate properly such facilities, or for the transfer, without reimbursement of appropriations, of facilities, supplies, equipment, or material necessary and proper for authorized care for veterans, except that at no time shall the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs enter into any agreement which will result in a permanent reduction of Veterans' Administration hospital and domiciliary beds below the number now established or approved, plus the estimated number required to meet the load of eligibles under laws administered by the Veterans' Administration, or in any way subordinate or transfer the operation of the Veterans' Administration to any other agency of the Government.
退伍军人事务管理局与战争部长和海军部长特此有权签订协议和合同，以相互使用或交换使用医院和住所设施以及正常运营此类设施所需的用品、设备和材料，或在不报销拨款的情况下转让为退伍军人提供授权护理所必需和适当的设施、用品、设备或材料，但退伍军人事务管理局在任何时候都不得签订任何协议导致退伍军人管理局的医院和住所床位永久减少到低于目前建立或批准的数量，加上满足退伍军人管理局管理的法律规定的合格人员数量所需的估计数量，或以任何方式将退伍军人管理局的运作从属或转移给政府的任何其他机构。
Nothing in the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, as amended, or any other Act, shall be construed to prevent the transfer or detail of any commissioned, appointed or enlisted personnel from the armed forces to the Veterans Administration subject to agreements between the Secretary of War or the Secretary of the Navy and the Administrator of Veterans' Affairs: Provided, That no such detail shall be made or extend beyond six months after the termination of the war.
经修订的 1940 年《选择性训练和服役法》或任何其他法案中的任何内容均不得解释为阻止根据战争部长或海军部长与退伍军人事务管理局之间的协议，将任何委托、任命或入伍人员从武装部队转移或指定给退伍军人管理局：但此类细节不得在战争结束后六个月内制定或延长。
SEC.103.
第 103 节。
The Administrator of Veterans' Affairs shall have authority to place officials and employees designated by him in such Army and Navy installations as may be deemed advisable for the purpose of adjudicating disability claims of, and giving aid and advice to, members of the Army and Navy who are about to be discharged or released from active service.
退伍军人事务管理局有权将其指定的官员和雇员安置在其认为适当的陆军和海军设施中，以便裁决即将退役或退出现役的陆军和海军人员的伤残索赔，并向其提供援助和建议。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
104.
104.
No person shall be discharged or released from active duty in the armed forces until his certificate of discharge or release from active duty and final pay, or a substantial portion thereof, are ready for delivery to him or to his next of kin or legal representative; and no person shall be discharged or released from active service on account of disability until and unless he has executed a claim for compensation, pension, or hospitalization, to be filed with the Veterans' Administration or has signed a statement that he has had explained to him the right to file such claim: Provided, That this section shall not preclude immediate transfer to a veterans' facility for necessary hospital care, nor preclude the discharge of any person who refuses to sign such claim or statement: And provided further, That refusal or failure to file a claim shall be without prejudice to any right the veteran may subsequently assert.
任何人在退伍或解除现役证明和最后工资或其中的大部分准备好交付给他或其近亲或法定代表之前，不得被解除武装部队现役；任何人不得因残疾而被退伍或解除现役，除非他已向退伍军人管理局提出赔偿、养老金或住院索赔，或签署了一份声明，表明他已向他解释了提出此类索赔的权利：但本节不应排除立即转移到退伍军人设施接受必要的医院护理，也不排除拒绝签署此类索赔或声明的任何人的退伍：并进一步规定，拒绝或未能提出索赔不得损害退伍军人随后可能主张的任何权利。
Any person entitled to a prosthetic appliance shall be entitled, in addition, to necessary fitting and training, including institutional training, in the use of such appliance, whether in a Service or a Veterans' Administration hospital, or by out-patient treatment, including such service under contract.
任何有权获得假肢器具的人除应有权接受必要的装配和培训，包括使用此类器具的机构培训，无论是在服务机构还是退伍军人管理局医院，或通过门诊治疗，包括根据合同提供的此类服务。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
105.
105.
No person in the armed forces shall be required to sign a statement of any nature relating to the origin, incurrence, or aggravation of any disease or injury he may have, and any such statement against his own interest signed at any time, shall be null and void and of no force and effect.
武装部队中的任何人都无需签署有关其可能患有的任何疾病或伤害的起源、发生或加重的任何性质的声明，任何时候签署的任何违背其自身利益的此类声明均应无效，不具有任何效力。