Theodore Roosevelt's Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1905)

Citation: Theodore Roosevelt's Annual Message to Congress for 1904; House Records HR 58A-K2; Records of the U.S. House of Representatives; Record Group 233; Center for Legislative Archives; National Archives.

引文：西奥多·罗斯福 1904 年向国会发表的年度致辞；房屋记录 HR 58A-K2；美国众议院记录；记录组233；立法档案中心；国家档案馆。

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In his annual messages to Congress in 1904 and 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt expanded the Monroe Doctrine.

西奥多·罗斯福总统在 1904 年和 1905 年向国会发表的年度致辞中扩展了门罗主义。

The corollary stated that not only were the nations of the Western Hemisphere not open to colonization by European powers, but that the United States had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries.

推论表明，西半球国家不仅不接受欧洲列强的殖民化，而且美国有责任维护这些国家的秩序并保护生命和财产。

European intervention in Latin America (see the Platt Amendment ) resurfaced as an issue in U.S. foreign policy when European governments began to use force to pressure several Latin American countries to repay their debts.

当欧洲政府开始使用武力向几个拉丁美洲国家施压要求其偿还债务时，欧洲对拉丁美洲的干预（参见普拉特修正案）再次成为美国外交政策中的一个问题。

For example, British, German, and Italian gunboats blockaded Venezuela’s ports in 1902 when the Venezuelan government defaulted on its debts to foreign bondholders.

例如，1902年，当委内瑞拉政府拖欠外国债券持有人的债务时，英国、德国和意大利的炮舰封锁了委内瑞拉的港口。

Many Americans worried that European intervention in Latin America would undermine their country’s traditional dominance in the region.

许多美国人担心欧洲对拉丁美洲的干预会破坏他们国家在该地区的传统主导地位。

To keep other powers out and ensure financial solvency, President Theodore Roosevelt issued his corollary.

为了排除其他权力并确保财务偿付能力，西奥多·罗斯福总统发表了他的推论。

"Chronic wrongdoing...may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation," he announced in his annual message to Congress in December 1904, "and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power."

他在 1904 年 12 月向国会提交的年度致辞中宣布：“美国的长期不法行为……可能和其他地方一样，最终需要某个文明国家的干预。而在西半球，美国对门罗主义的坚持可能会迫使美国在公然犯下这种不法行为或无能为力的情况下，行使国际警察权力，无论多么不情愿。”

Roosevelt tied his policy to the Monroe Doctrine, and it was also consistent with his foreign policy of "walk softly, but carry a big stick." Roosevelt stated that in keeping with the Monroe Doctrine , the United States was justified in exercising "international police power" to put an end to chronic unrest or wrongdoing in the Western Hemisphere.

罗斯福的政策与门罗主义紧密相连，也与他“轻手轻脚、大棒打仗”的外交政策相一致。罗斯福表示，根据门罗主义，美国有理由行使“国际警察权力”来结束西半球的长期骚乱或不法行为。

This so-called Roosevelt Corollary—a corollary is an extension of a previous idea—to the Monroe Doctrine contained a great irony.

这个所谓的罗斯福推论——推论是先前观念的延伸——对门罗主义包含着极大的讽刺。

The Monroe Doctrine had been sought to prevent European intervention in the Western Hemisphere, but now the Roosevelt Corollary justified American intervention throughout the Western Hemisphere.

门罗主义的目的是阻止欧洲对西半球的干预，但现在罗斯福推论证明了美国对整个西半球的干预是合理的。

In 1934, Franklin D.

1934 年，富兰克林 D.

Roosevelt renounced interventionism and established his Good Neighbor policy within the Western Hemisphere.

罗斯福放弃了干涉主义，并在西半球确立了睦邻政策。

This document is available on DocsTeach, the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.

该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。

Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .

查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。

(Excerpted from Theodore Roosevelt’s Annual Message to Congress, December 6, 1904)

（摘自西奥多·罗斯福 1904 年 12 月 6 日致国会的年度致辞）

In treating of our foreign policy and of the attitude that this great Nation should assume in the world at large, it is absolutely necessary to consider the Army and the Navy, and the Congress, through which the thought of the Nation finds its expression, should keep ever vividly in mind the fundamental fact that it is impossible to treat our foreign policy, whether this policy takes shape in the effort to secure justice for others or justice for ourselves, save as conditioned upon the attitude we are willing to take toward our Army, and especially toward our Navy.

在对待我们的外交政策和这个伟大国家在世界上应采取的态度时，绝对有必要考虑陆军和海军，而国会，国家思想通过国会表达出来，应该永远生动地牢记这样一个基本事实：我们不可能对待我们的外交政策，无论这项政策是为了为他人争取正义还是为我们自己争取正义，除非以我们愿意对我们的陆军，特别是我们的海军采取的态度为条件。

It is not merely unwise, it is contemptible, for a nation, as for an individual, to use high-sounding language to proclaim its purposes, or to take positions which are ridiculous if unsupported by potential force, and then to refuse to provide this force.

一个国家和个人一样，用冠冕堂皇的语言来宣扬自己的目的，或者在没有潜在力量支持的情况下采取荒谬的立场，然后拒绝提供这种力量，这不仅是不明智的，而且是可鄙的。

If there is no intention of providing and keeping the force necessary to back up a strong attitude, then it is far better not to assume such an attitude.

如果无意提供和保持支持强硬态度所需的力量，那么最好不要采取这种态度。

The steady aim of this Nation, as of all enlightened nations, should be to strive to bring ever nearer the day when there shall prevail throughout the world the peace of justice.

与所有开明的国家一样，这个国家的坚定目标应该是努力使正义和平遍及全世界的那一天越来越近。

There are kinds of peace which are highly undesirable, which are in the long run as destructive as any war.

有些和平是非常不受欢迎的，从长远来看，它们的破坏性与任何战争一样。

Tyrants and oppressors have many times made a wilderness and called it peace.

暴君和压迫者多次制造荒野并称其为和平。

Many times peoples who were slothful or timid or shortsighted, who had been enervated by ease or by luxury, or misled by false teachings, have shrunk in unmanly fashion from doing duty that was stern and that needed self-sacrifice, and have sought to hide from their own minds their shortcomings, their ignoble motives, by calling them love of peace.

很多时候，那些懒惰、胆怯、目光短浅、因安逸或奢侈而衰弱、或被错误教义所误导的人们，都以缺乏男子气概的方式回避履行严厉的、需要自我牺牲的职责，并试图通过称其为热爱和平来向自己的心灵隐藏自己的缺点和不光彩的动机。

The peace of tyrannous terror, the peace of craven weakness, the peace of injustice, all these should be shunned as we shun unrighteous war.

暴虐恐怖的和平，怯懦软弱的和平，不公正的和平，所有这些都应该像我们避免不正义的战争一样被避免。

The goal to set before us as a nation, the goal which should be set before all mankind, is the attainment of the peace of justice, of the peace which comes when each nation is not merely safe-guarded in its own rights, but scrupulously recognizes and performs its duty toward others.

作为一个国家，摆在我们面前的目标，也应该摆在全人类面前的目标，是实现正义的和平，当每个国家不仅自己的权利得到保障，而且严格承认并履行其对其他国家的义务时，和平就会到来。

Generally peace tells for righteousness; but if there is conflict between the two, then our fealty is due first to the cause of righteousness.

一般来说，和平表明正义；但如果两者之间存在冲突，那么我们的忠诚首先是出于正义的原因。

Unrighteous wars are common, and unrighteous peace is rare; but both should be shunned.

不义的战争是常有的，不义的和平是罕见的；但两者都应该避免。

The right of freedom and the responsibility for the exercise of that right can not be divorced.

自由权和行使该权利的责任不能分开。

One of our great poets has well and finely said that freedom is not a gift that tarries long in the hands of cowards.

我们的一位伟大诗人曾经说过，自由并不是长期留在懦夫手中的礼物。

Neither does it tarry long in the hands of those too slothful, too dishonest, or too unintelligent to exercise it.

它也不会在那些太懒惰、太不诚实或太不聪明而无法行使它的人手中停留太久。

The eternal vigilance which is the price of liberty must be exercised, sometimes to guard against outside foes; although of course far more often to guard against our own selfish or thoughtless shortcomings.

必须时刻保持警惕，这是自由的代价，有时是为了防范外来的敌人；当然，更多时候是为了防范我们自己自私或轻率的缺点。

If these self-evident truths are kept before us, and only if they are so kept before us, we shall have a clear idea of what our foreign policy in its larger aspects should be.

如果这些不言而喻的真理摆在我们面前，而且只有摆在我们面前，我们才会清楚地了解我们的外交政策在更大的方面应该是什么。

It is our duty to remember that a nation has no more right to do injustice to another nation, strong or weak, than an individual has to do injustice to another individual; that the same moral law applies in one case as in the other.

我们有责任记住，一个国家没有权利对另一个国家（无论强弱）做不公正的事，就像一个人没有权利对另一个人做不公正的事一样；相同的道德法则适用于一种情况和另一种情况。

But we must also remember that it is as much the duty of the Nation to guard its own rights and its own interests as it is the duty of the individual so to do.

但我们也必须记住，维护自身权利和利益既是国家的义务，也是个人的义务。

Within the Nation the individual has now delegated this right to the State, that is, to the representative of all the individuals, and it is a maxim of the law that for every wrong there is a remedy.

在国家内部，个人现在将这一权利委托给国家，即所有个人的代表，法律的格言是，每一个错误都有一个补救措施。

But in international law we have not advanced by any means as far as we have advanced in municipal law.

但在国际法方面，我们无论如何都没有取得国内法方面的进步。

There is as yet no judicial way of enforcing a right in international law.

目前还没有司法途径来执行国际法中的权利。

When one nation wrongs another or wrongs many others, there is no tribunal before which the wrongdoer can be brought.

当一个国家错误地对待另一个国家或许多其他国家时，就没有法庭可以将不法行为者带到法庭面前。

Either it is necessary supinely to acquiesce in the wrong, and thus put a premium upon brutality and aggression, or else it is necessary for the aggrieved nation valiantly to stand up for its rights.

要么必须袖手旁观地默许错误，从而重视残暴和侵略，要么受害民族必须勇敢地捍卫自己的权利。

Until some method is devised by which there shall be a degree of international control over offending nations, it would be a wicked thing for the most civilized powers, for those with most sense of international obligations and with keenest and most generous appreciation of the difference between right and wrong, to disarm.

在设计出某种方法对违规国家进行一定程度的国际控制之前，对于最文明的国家、对于那些最有国际义务意识、最敏锐和最慷慨地区分是非的国家来说，解除武装将是一件邪恶的事情。

If the great civilized nations of the present day should completely disarm, the result would mean an immediate recrudescence of barbarism in one form or another.

如果当今伟大的文明国家完全解除武装，其结果将意味着某种形式的野蛮行为立即卷土重来。

Under any circumstances a sufficient armament would have to be kept up to serve the purposes of international police; and until international cohesion and the sense of international duties and rights are far more advanced than at present, a nation desirous both of securing respect for itself and of doing good to others must have a force adequate for the work which it feels is allotted to it as its part of the general world duty.

在任何情况下都必须保留足够的军备以服务于国际警察的目的；在国际凝聚力以及国际义务和权利意识比现在高得多之前，一个既希望获得尊重又希望为他人谋福利的国家必须拥有一支足以完成它认为分配给它的工作的力量，作为其普遍世界义务的一部分。

Therefore it follows that a self-respecting, just, and far-seeing nation should on the one hand endeavor by every means to aid in the development of the various movements which tend to provide substitutes for war, which tend to render nations in their actions toward one another, and indeed toward their own peoples, more responsive to the general sentiment of humane and civilized mankind; and on the other hand that it should keep prepared, while scrupulously avoiding wrongdoing itself, to repel any wrong, and in exceptional cases to take action which in a more advanced stage of international relations would come under the head of the exercise of the international police.

因此，一个有自尊心、公正和有远见的国家一方面应当竭尽全力帮助各种运动的发展，这些运动往往会替代战争，使各国在相互之间、实际上是对本国人民的行动中更加顺应人道和文明人类的普遍情感；另一方面，它应该做好准备，同时严格避免不法行为本身，抵制任何不法行为，并在特殊情况下采取行动，在国际关系的更高级阶段，这些行动将由国际警察负责。

A great free people owes it to itself and to all mankind not to sink into helplessness before the powers of evil.

一个伟大的自由民族有责任为自己，也为全人类，不要在邪恶势力面前陷入无助。

We are in every way endeavoring to help on, with cordial good will, every movement which will tend to bring us into more friendly relations with the rest of mankind.

我们怀着诚挚的善意，以各种方式努力帮助推动每一项有助于使我们与其他人类建立更友好关系的运动。

In pursuance of this policy I shall shortly lay before the Senate treaties of arbitration with all powers which are willing to enter into these treaties with us.

为了执行这一政策，我将很快向参议院提交仲裁条约，所有愿意与我们签订这些条约的国家都有权这样做。

It is not possible at this period of the world’s development to agree to arbitrate all matters, but there are many matters of possible difference between us and other nations which can be thus arbitrated.

在世界发展的现阶段，不可能同意仲裁所有问题，但我们与其他国家之间有许多可能存在分歧的问题可以通过仲裁来解决。

Furthermore, at the request of the Interparliamentary Union, an eminent body composed of practical statesmen from all countries, I have asked the Powers to join with this Government in a second Hague conference, at which it is hoped that the work already so happily begun at The Hague may be carried some steps further toward completion.

此外，应各国议会联盟这一由各国务实政治家组成的杰出机构的要求，我已要求各国与我国政府一起参加第二次海牙会议，希望在这次会议上已经在海牙愉快开始的工作能够进一步推进一些步骤以完成。

This carries out the desire expressed by the first Hague conference itself.

这实现了第一次海牙会议本身所表达的愿望。

It is not true that the United States feels any land hunger or entertains any projects as regards the other nations of the Western Hemisphere save such as are for their welfare.

与西半球其他国家相比，美国并不感到任何土地匮乏或考虑任何项目，除非是为了他们的福利。

All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous.

这个国家的愿望就是看到周边国家稳定、有序、繁荣。

Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship.

任何一个人民行为良好的国家都可以信赖我们的真挚友谊。

If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States.

如果一个国家表明它知道如何在社会和政治事务中以合理的效率和得体的方式行事，如果它维持秩序并履行其义务，它就无需担心美国的干涉。

Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.

长期的不法行为或导致文明社会联系普遍松动的无能，在美国可能会像其他地方一样，最终需要某个文明国家的干预，而在西半球，美国对门罗主义的坚持可能会迫使美国，无论多么不情愿，在这种公然的不法行为或无能的情况下，行使国际警察权力。

If every country washed by the Caribbean Sea would show the progress in stable and just civilization which with the aid of the Platt Amendment Cuba has shown since our troops left the island, and which so many of the republics in both Americas are constantly and brilliantly showing, all question of interference by this Nation with their affairs would be at an end.

如果每个被加勒比海冲刷过的国家都能够在稳定和公正的文明方面取得进步，古巴在普拉特修正案的帮助下自我们的军队离开该岛以来就已经取得了进步，而且美洲的许多共和国也不断地、出色地表现出了这种进步，那么这个国家干涉他们事务的所有问题都将结束。

Our interests and those of our southern neighbors are in reality identical.

我们的利益与南方邻国的利益实际上是一致的。

They have great natural riches, and if within their borders the reign of law and justice obtains, prosperity is sure to come to them.

他们拥有巨大的自然财富，如果在他们的境内实现法律和正义的统治，他们一定会繁荣昌盛。

While they thus obey the primary laws of civilized society they may rest assured that they will be treated by us in a spirit of cordial and helpful sympathy.

虽然他们因此遵守文明社会的基本法律，但他们可以放心，我们将本着诚挚和有益的同情精神对待他们。

We would interfere with them only in the last resort, and then only if it became evident that their inability or unwillingness to do justice at home and abroad had violated the rights of the United States or had invited foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations.

我们只有在万不得已的情况下才会干预他们，而且只有当他们明显无法或不愿意在国内外伸张正义侵犯了美国的权利或招致外国侵略而损害了整个美洲国家的利益时，我们才会干预他们。

It is a mere truism to say that every nation, whether in America or anywhere else, which desires to maintain its freedom, its independence, must ultimately realize that the right of such independence can not be separated from the responsibility of making good use of it.

不言而喻的是，每一个国家，无论是在美国还是在其他任何地方，只要渴望维护其自由和独立，就必须最终认识到，这种独立的权利与充分利用它的责任是分不开的。

In asserting the Monroe Doctrine, in taking such steps as we have taken in regard to Cuba, Venezuela, and Panama, and in endeavoring to circumscribe the theater of war in the Far East, and to secure the open door in China, we have acted in our own interest as well as in the interest of humanity at large.

在坚持门罗主义的过程中，在对古巴、委内瑞拉和巴拿马采取此类措施的过程中，在努力限制远东战区的过程中，在确保中国门户开放的过程中，我们的行动不仅符合我们自身的利益，也符合全人类的利益。

There are, however, cases in which, while our own interests are not greatly involved, strong appeal is made to our sympathies.

然而，在某些情况下，虽然与我们自己的利益没有太大关系，但却强烈地引起我们的同情。

Ordinarily it is very much wiser and more useful for us to concern ourselves with striving for our own moral and material betterment here at home than to concern ourselves with trying to better the condition of things in other nations.

通常，我们在国内努力争取道德和物质上的改善，比努力改善其他国家的状况要明智得多，也更有用。

We have plenty of sins of our own to war against, and under ordinary circumstances we can do more for the general uplifting of humanity by striving with heart and soul to put a stop to civic corruption, to brutal lawlessness and violent race prejudices here at home than by passing resolutions and wrongdoing elsewhere.

我们自己有很多罪孽需要对抗，在一般情况下，我们可以通过全心全意地努力制止国内的公民腐败、残酷的不法行为和暴力的种族偏见，为人类的普遍进步做更多的事情，而不是在其他地方通过决议和不法行为。

Nevertheless there are occasional crimes committed on so vast a scale and of such peculiar horror as to make us doubt whether it is not our manifest duty to endeavor at least to show our disapproval of the deed and our sympathy with those who have suffered by it.

然而，偶尔也会发生规模如此之大、如此奇特恐怖的犯罪行为，以至于让我们怀疑，我们是否有明确的责任，至少要努力表达我们对这种行为的不满，以及对那些因此而受苦的人的同情。

The cases must be extreme in which such a course is justifiable.

在极端的情况下，这种做法是合理的。

There must be no effort made to remove the mote from our brother’s eye if we refuse to remove the beam from our own.

如果我们不肯除去自己眼中的梁木，就不可能除去弟兄眼中的刺。

But in extreme cases action may be justifiable and proper.

但在极端情况下，行动可能是合理且适当的。

What form the action shall take must depend upon the circumstances of the case; that is, upon the degree of the atrocity and upon our power to remedy it.

采取什么形式的行动必须取决于案件的具体情况；也就是说，取决于暴行的程度以及我们补救措施的能力。

The cases in which we could interfere by force of arms as we interfered to put a stop to intolerable conditions in Cuba are necessarily very few.

当我们进行干预以制止古巴无法容忍的状况时，我们可以使用武力进行干预的情况必然是很少的。

Yet it is not to be expected that a people like ours, which in spite of certain very obvious shortcomings, nevertheless as a whole shows by its consistent practice its belief in the principles of civil and religious liberty and of orderly freedom, a people among whom even the worst crime, like the crime of lynching, is never more than sporadic, so that individuals and not classes are molested in their fundamental rights--it is inevitable that such a nation should desire eagerly to give expression to its horror on an occasion like that of the massacre of the Jews in Kishenef, or when it witnesses such systematic and long-extended cruelty and oppression as the cruelty and oppression of which the Armenians have been the victims, and which have won for them the indignant pity of the civilized world.

然而，不要指望像我们这样的民族，尽管有某些非常明显的缺点，但总体上通过其一贯的实践表明了其对公民和宗教自由以及有序自由原则的信仰，在这个民族中，即使是最严重的犯罪，如私刑犯罪，也只是零星的，因此个人而不是阶级的基本权利受到骚扰——这样一个国家不可避免地希望在像这次战争这样的场合急切地表达其恐怖。基舍内夫对犹太人的屠杀，或者见证了亚美尼亚人遭受的系统性和长期的残酷和压迫，并为他们赢得了文明世界的愤慨和怜悯。