President Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points (1918)

Citation: President Wilson's Message to Congress, January 8, 1918; Records of the United States Senate; Record Group 46; Records of the United States Senate; National Archives.

引文：威尔逊总统致国会的致辞，1918 年 1 月 8 日；美国参议院的记录；记录组 46；美国参议院的记录；国家档案馆。

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In this January 8, 1918, address to Congress, President Woodrow Wilson proposed a 14-point program for world peace.

1918 年 1 月 8 日，伍德罗·威尔逊总统在向国会发表的讲话中提出了一项 14 点的世界和平纲领。

These points were later taken as the basis for peace negotiations at the end of World War I.

这些观点后来被作为第一次世界大战结束时和平谈判的基础。

In this January 8, 1918, speech on War Aims and Peace Terms, President Wilson set down 14 points as a blueprint for world peace that was to be used for peace negotiations after World War I.

1918年1月8日，威尔逊总统在《战争目标与和平条件》的演讲中提出了14点作为世界和平的蓝图，用于第一次世界大战后的和平谈判。

The details of the speech were based on reports generated by “The Inquiry,” a group of about 150 political and social scientists organized by Wilson’s adviser and long-time friend, Col.

演讲的细节基于“The Inquiry”的报告，“The Inquiry”是一个由约 150 名政治和社会科学家组成的团体，由威尔逊的顾问和老朋友威尔逊上校组织。

Edward M House.

爱德华·M·豪斯.

Their job was to study Allied and American policy in virtually every region of the globe and analyze economic, social, and political facts likely to come up in discussions during the peace conference.

他们的工作是研究盟军和美国在全球几乎每个地区的政策，并分析和平会议期间讨论中可能出现的经济、社会和政治事实。

The team began its work in secret, and in the end produced and collected nearly 2,000 separate reports and documents plus at least 1,200 maps.

该团队秘密开始工作，最终制作并收集了近 2,000 份单独的报告和文件以及至少 1,200 张地图。

In the speech, Wilson directly addressed what he perceived as the causes for the world war by calling for the abolition of secret treaties, a reduction in armaments, an adjustment in colonial claims in the interests of both native peoples and colonists, and freedom of the seas.

在演讲中，威尔逊直接谈到了他所认为的世界大战的原因，呼吁废除秘密条约、削减军备、为了土著人民和殖民者的利益调整殖民主张以及海洋自由。

Wilson also made proposals that would ensure world peace in the future.

威尔逊还提出了确保未来世界和平的建议。

For example, he proposed the removal of economic barriers between nations, the promise of “self-determination” for oppressed minorities, and a world organization that would provide a system of collective security for all nations.

例如，他提议消除国家之间的经济壁垒，承诺受压迫的少数民族“自决”，以及建立一个为所有国家提供集体安全体系的世界组织。

Wilson’s 14 Points were designed to undermine the Central Powers’ will to continue, and to inspire the Allies to victory.

威尔逊的十四点旨在削弱同盟国继续前进的意愿，并激励盟军取得胜利。

The 14 Points were broadcast throughout the world and were showered from rockets and shells behind the enemy’s lines.

《14 点》向全世界广播，敌后的火箭弹和炮弹如雨点般倾泻而下。

When Allied leaders met in Versailles, France, to formulate the treaty to end World War I with Germany and Austria-Hungary, most of Wilson’s 14 Points were scuttled by the leaders of England and France.

当盟军领导人在法国凡尔赛会面，与德国和奥匈帝国制定结束第一次世界大战的条约时，威尔逊的“14点”的大部分内容被英国和法国领导人破坏。

To his dismay, Wilson discovered that England, France, and Italy were mostly interested in regaining what they had lost and gaining more by punishing Germany.

令威尔逊沮丧的是，他发现英国、法国和意大利最感兴趣的是夺回失去的东西，并通过惩罚德国获得更多。

Germany quickly found out that Wilson’s blueprint for world peace would not apply to them.

德国很快发现威尔逊的世界和平蓝图并不适用于他们。

However, Wilson’s capstone point calling for a world organization that would provide some system of collective security was incorporated into the Treaty of Versailles.

然而，威尔逊呼吁建立一个提供某种集体安全体系的世界组织的顶峰观点被纳入了《凡尔赛条约》。

This organization would later be known as the League of Nations.

这个组织后来被称为国际联盟。

Though Wilson launched a tireless missionary campaign to overcome opposition in the U.S. Senate to the adoption of the treaty and membership in the League, the treaty was never adopted by the Senate, and the United States never joined the League of Nations.

尽管威尔逊发起了不懈的传教运动，以克服美国参议院对通过该条约和加入国际联盟的反对，但该条约从未获得参议院通过，美国也从未加入国际联盟。

Wilson would later suggest that without American participation in the League, there would be another world war within a generation.

威尔逊后来提出，如果美国不参加国联，一代人之内就会发生另一场世界大战。

This document is available on DocsTeach , the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.

该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。

Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .

查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。

It will be our wish and purpose that the processes of peace, when they are begun, shall be absolutely open and that they shall involve and permit henceforth no secret understandings of any kind.

我们的愿望和目的是，和平进程一旦开始，就应绝对公开，今后不再涉及和允许任何形式的秘密谅解。

The day of conquest and aggrandizement is gone by; so is also the day of secret covenants entered into in the interest of particular governments and likely at some unlooked-for moment to upset the peace of the world.

征服和扩张的日子已经过去了；这也是为了特定政府的利益而签订秘密盟约的日子，这些盟约很可能在某个意想不到的时刻破坏世界的和平。

It is this happy fact, now clear to the view of every public man whose thoughts do not still linger in an age that is dead and gone, which makes it possible for every nation whose purposes are consistent with justice and the peace of the world to avow now or at any other time the objects it has in view.

正是这一令人高兴的事实，现在已为每个思想不再停留在一个已经消逝的时代的公众人士所清楚地认识到，它使得每一个其目标与正义与世界和平一致的国家现在或在任何时候都可以宣誓其所考虑的目标。

We entered this war because violations of right had occurred which touched us to the quick and made the life of our own people impossible unless they were corrected and the world secure once for all against their recurrence.

我们参加这场战争是因为发生了侵犯权利的行为，这触动了我们的痛处，使我们自己的人民的生活变得不可能，除非这些行为得到纠正，并且世界将永远安全，防止它们再次发生。

What we demand in this war, therefore, is nothing peculiar to ourselves.

因此，我们在这场战争中的要求并不是我们自己所特有的。

It is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression.

是让世界变得适合并安全地生活；特别是要确保每一个爱好和平的国家都安全，这些国家像我们自己的国家一样，希望过自己的生活，决定自己的机构，确保世界其他人民得到正义和公平对待，反对武力和自私的侵略。

All the peoples of the world are in effect partners in this interest, and for our own part we see very clearly that unless justice be done to others it will not be done to us.

世界各国人民实际上都是这一利益的伙伴，就我们自己而言，我们非常清楚地看到，除非对他人伸张正义，否则我们也不会得到伸张正义。

The programme of the world's peace, therefore, is our programme; and that programme, the only possible programme, as we see it, is this:

因此，世界和平的纲领就是我们的纲领；在我们看来，该方案，唯一可能的方案是：

I.

我。

Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.

公开达成的和平盟约，此后不应有任何形式的私人国际谅解，但外交应始终坦诚地在公众视野中进行。

II.

二.

Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.

领海以外的海上绝对航行自由，和平时期和战争时期都一样，除非为执行国际公约而采取的国际行动可能全部或部分封闭海洋。

III.

三．

The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.

尽可能消除所有经济壁垒，并在所有同意和平并联合维护和平的国家之间建立平等的贸易条件。

IV.

四．

Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.

给予并采取充分的保证，将国家军备削减到符合国内安全的最低水平。

V.

五、

A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.

对所有殖民主张进行自由、开放和绝对公正的调整，其基础是严格遵守以下原则：在确定所有此类主权问题时，有关人民的利益必须与待确定所有权的政府的公平主张同等重要。

VI.

六．

The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome, assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire.

撤离所有俄罗斯领土并解决影响俄罗斯的所有问题，将确保世界其他国家进行最佳和最自由的合作，为俄罗斯获得不受阻碍和无尴尬的机会，独立决定其自己的政治发展和国家政策，并确保俄罗斯受到真诚欢迎，在她自己选择的机构下加入自由国家社会；而且，不仅是一种欢迎，还包括她可能需要和她自己渴望的各种帮助。

The treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish sympathy.

在接下来的几个月里，俄罗斯的姐妹国家给予俄罗斯的待遇将是对其善意、对俄罗斯需求与自身利益区别的理解以及对他们明智和无私的同情心的严峻考验。

VII.

七．

Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free nations.

全世界都会同意，比利时必须撤离和恢复，而不试图限制她与所有其他自由国家共同享有的主权。

No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the government of their relations with one another.

没有任何其他单独的行动能够起到这样的作用，因为这将有助于恢复各国对它们自己为管理彼此关系而制定和确定的法律的信心。

Without this healing act the whole structure and validity of international law is forever impaired.

如果没有这一治愈行动，国际法的整体结构和有效性将永远受到损害。

VIII.

八．

All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.

法国的全部领土都应该被解放，被侵略的部分应该被归还，普鲁士在1871年阿尔萨斯-洛林问题上对法国所犯下的错误也应该得到纠正，这个错误已经扰乱了世界和平近50年，以便为了所有人的利益再次确保和平。

IX.

九．

A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.

意大利边界的重新调整应按照清晰可辨的国籍界限进行。

X.

X.

The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous development.

我们希望奥匈帝国人民在各国中的地位得到保障和保证，他们应该获得最自由的自主发展机会。

XI.

十一.

Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the several Balkan states should be entered into.

罗马尼亚、塞尔维亚和黑山应该撤离；恢复被占领土；塞尔维亚给予自由和安全的出海通道；巴尔干几个国家之间的关系，是根据历史上建立的效忠和国籍界限，通过友好协商确定的；巴尔干几个国家的政治和经济独立及领土完整应得到国际保证。

XII.

十二．

The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international guarantees.

目前奥斯曼帝国的土耳其部分应确保安全的主权，但目前在土耳其统治下的其他民族应确保无疑的生命安全和绝对不受干扰的自主发展机会，达达尼尔海峡应在国际保证下永久开放，作为所有国家船舶和商业的自由通道。

XIII.

十三．

An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.

应建立一个独立的波兰国家，其中应包括无可争议的波兰人民居住的领土，应确保其自由和安全地出海，其政治和经济独立及领土完整应受到国际公约的保障。

XIV.

十四。

A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

必须根据具体盟约组建一个普遍的国际联盟，以相互保证大小国家的政治独立和领土完整。

In regard to these essential rectifications of wrong and assertions of right we feel ourselves to be intimate partners of all the governments and peoples associated together against the Imperialists.

在这些必要的纠错和伸张正义方面，我们感到自己是所有联合起来反对帝国主义的政府和人民的亲密伙伴。

We cannot be separated in interest or divided in purpose.

我们不能因利益而分裂，也不能因目的而分裂。

We stand together until the end.

我们站在一起直到最后。

For such arrangements and covenants we are willing to fight and to continue to fight until they are achieved; but only because we wish the right to prevail and desire a just and stable peace such as can be secured only by removing the chief provocations to war, which this programme does remove.

为了这样的安排和盟约，我们愿意奋斗并继续奋斗，直至实现；但这只是因为我们希望获得胜利，并渴望公正和稳定的和平，而这种和平只有通过消除战争的主要挑衅才能实现，而本纲领确实消除了这一点。

We have no jealousy of German greatness, and there is nothing in this programme that impairs it.

我们对德国的伟大并不嫉妒，这个计划中也没有任何东西会损害它。

We grudge her no achievement or distinction of learning or of pacific enterprise such as have made her record very bright and very enviable.

我们对她在学习或和平事业方面没有取得任何成就或荣誉感到不满，这些成就或荣誉使她的记录非常辉煌和令人羡慕。

We do not wish to injure her or to block in any way her legitimate influence or power.

我们不想伤害她或以任何方式阻止她的合法影响力或权力。

We do not wish to fight her either with arms or with hostile arrangements of trade if she is willing to associate herself with us and the other peace- loving nations of the world in covenants of justice and law and fair dealing.

如果她愿意在正义、法律和公平交易的盟约中与我们和世界上其他爱好和平的国家联合起来，我们就不想用武器或敌对的贸易安排来与她作战。

We wish her only to accept a place of equality among the peoples of the world, -- the new world in which we now live, -- instead of a place of mastery.

我们希望她只接受世界人民之间平等的地方，即我们现在生活的新世界，而不是一个主宰的地方。