Platt Amendment (1903)

Citation: Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Cuba Embodying the Provisions Defining Their Future Relations as Contained in the Act of Congress Approved March 2, 1901; 5/22/1903; Perfected Treaties, 1778 - 1945; General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11; National Archives Building, Washington, DC.

引文：美国与古巴共和国签订的条约，其中包含 1901 年 3 月 2 日批准的国会法案中定义两国未来关系的条款； 1903 年 5 月 22 日；完善条约，1778 - 1945；美国政府总记录，记录组 11；国家档案馆，华盛顿特区。

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Approved on May 22, 1903, the Platt Amendment was a treaty between the U.S. and Cuba that attempted to protect Cuba's independence from foreign intervention.

普拉特修正案于 1903 年 5 月 22 日获得批准，是美国和古巴之间的一项条约，旨在保护古巴的独立免受外国干涉。

It permitted extensive U.S. involvement in Cuban international and domestic affairs for the enforcement of Cuban independence.

它允许美国广泛参与古巴的国际和国内事务，以实现古巴的独立。

U.S. victory in the Spanish-American War of 1898 produced a peace treaty that compelled Spain to relinquish control of several overseas territories, including Cuba (see the de Lôme letter ).

美国在 1898 年美西战争中取得胜利，签订了一项和平条约，迫使西班牙放弃对包括古巴在内的多个海外领土的控制（参见德洛姆信函）。

In April of 1898, Senator Henry M.

1898 年 4 月，参议员亨利·M.

Teller of Colorado proposed an amendment to the U.S. declaration of war against Spain, which stated that the United States would not establish permanent control over Cuba.

科罗拉多州的特勒提出了美国对西班牙宣战的修正案，其中规定美国不会对古巴建立永久控制。

The Teller Amendment asserted that the United States "hereby disclaims any disposition of intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said island except for pacification thereof, and asserts its determination, when that is accomplished, to leave the government and control of the island to its people." The Senate adopted the amendment on April 19.

特勒修正案声称，美国“特此声明，除安抚该岛外，不打算对该岛行使主权、管辖权或控制权，并表明美国决心在实现这一目标后，将该岛的政府和控制权交给其人民。”参议院于4月19日通过了该修正案。

Nonetheless, U.S. troops occupied Cuba for several years after the war ended.

尽管如此，战争结束后，美国军队仍占领古巴数年。

Under Gen.

在将军的领导下

Leonard Wood, the military government organized a school system, ordered the finances, and made significant progress in eliminating yellow fever.

伦纳德·伍德领导下的军政府组织了学校系统，整顿了财政，在消除黄热病方面取得了重大进展。

When the Constitutional Convention of Cuba started its deliberations in July 1900, it received notification that the U.S. Congress intended to attach an amendment to the Cuban Constitution.

1900年7月古巴制宪会议开始审议时，它收到美国国会拟对古巴宪法附加修正案的通知。

The following year, Secretary of War Elihu Root drafted a set of articles as guidelines for future United States–Cuba relations.

次年，战争部长埃利胡·鲁特起草了一系列文章，作为未来美国与古巴关系的指导方针。

This set of articles became known as the Platt Amendment, after Senator Orville Platt of Connecticut, who presented it.

这套文章后来被称为普拉特修正案，以提出该修正案的康涅狄格州参议员奥维尔·普拉特命名。

Platt was a U.S. senator from 1879 to 1905 and influenced the decision to annex Hawaii and occupy the Philippines.

普拉特于 1879 年至 1905 年间担任美国参议员，影响了吞并夏威夷和占领菲律宾的决定。

As chair of the Senate Committee with Relations on Cuba, he sponsored the amendment as a rider attached to the Army Appropriations Bill of 1901.

作为参议院古巴关系委员会主席，他作为 1901 年陆军拨款法案的附加条款发起了这项修正案。

Cubans reluctantly included the amendment, which virtually made Cuba a U.S. protectorate, in their constitution.

古巴人不情愿地将该修正案纳入其宪法，该修正案实际上使古巴成为美国的保护国。

The Platt Amendment was also incorporated in a permanent treaty between the United States and Cuba.

普拉特修正案也被纳入美国和古巴之间的永久条约中。

The Platt Amendment stipulated the conditions for U.S. intervention in Cuban affairs and permitted the United States to lease or buy lands for the purpose of establishing naval bases (the main one was Guantánamo Bay) and coaling stations in Cuba.

普拉特修正案规定了美国干预古巴事务的条件，允许美国在古巴租赁或购买土地，用于建立海军基地（主要是关塔那摩湾）和加煤站。

It barred Cuba from going into debt, making a treaty that would give another nation power over its affairs, or stopping the United States from imposing a sanitation program on the island.

它禁止古巴陷入债务，禁止签订赋予另一个国家处理其事务权力的条约，或阻止美国在古巴实施卫生项目。

Specifically, Article III required that the government of Cuba consent to the right of the United States to intervene in Cuban affairs for “the preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty, and for discharging the obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by the Treaty of Paris on the United States, now to be assumed and undertaken by the Government of Cuba.”

具体来说，第三条要求古巴政府同意美国干预古巴事务的权利，以“维护古巴独立，维持一个足以保护生命、财产和个人自由的政府，并履行《巴黎条约》对美国规定的对古巴的义务，这些义务现在由古巴政府承担和承担。”

The Platt Amendment supplied the terms under which the United States intervened in Cuban affairs in 1906, 1912, 1917, and 1920.

普拉特修正案为美国在 1906 年、1912 年、1917 年和 1920 年干预古巴事务提供了条件。

By 1934, rising Cuban nationalism and widespread criticism of the Platt Amendment resulted in its repeal as part of Franklin D.

到 1934 年，古巴民族主义高涨以及对普拉特修正案的广泛批评导致该修正案作为富兰克林·D·布什总统的一部分被废除。

Roosevelt's Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America.

罗斯福对拉丁美洲的睦邻政策。

The United States, however, retained its lease on Guantánamo Bay, where a naval base remains in operation today.

然而，美国保留了关塔那摩湾的租约，那里的海军基地至今仍在运作。

This document is available on DocsTeach, the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.

该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。

Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .

查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。

Whereas the Congress of the United States of America, by an Act approved March 2, 1901, provided as follows:

鉴于美利坚合众国国会通过 1901 年 3 月 2 日批准的法案规定如下：

Provided further, That in fulfillment of the declaration contained in the joint resolution approved April twentieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-eight, entitled "For the recognition of the independence of the people of Cuba, demanding that the Government of Spain relinquish its authority and government in the island of Cuba, and withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters, and directing the President of the United States to use the land and naval forces of the United States to carry these resolutions into effect," the President is hereby authorized to "leave the government and control of the island of Cuba to its people" so soon as a government shall have been established in said island under a constitution which, either as a part thereof or in an ordinance appended thereto, shall define the future relations of the United States with Cuba, substantially as follows:

此外，为履行 1898 年 4 月 20 日通过的题为“承认古巴人民的独立，要求西班牙政府放弃其在古巴岛的权力和政府，从古巴和古巴水域撤出其陆军和海军部队，并指示美国总统动用美国陆军和海军部队实施这些决议”的联合决议中所载的宣言，特此授权总统：一旦根据宪法在古巴岛建立了政府，“将古巴岛的政府和控制权交给其人民”，该宪法无论是作为宪法的一部分还是在附加的法令中，都应定义美国与古巴的未来关系，大致如下：

"I.-That the government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or other compact with any foreign power or powers which will impair or tend to impair the independence of Cuba, nor in any manner authorize or permit any foreign power or powers to obtain by colonization or for military or naval purposes or otherwise, lodgement in or control over any portion of said island."

“一、古巴政府决不得与任何外国势力签订任何将损害或倾向于损害古巴独立的条约或其他契约，也不得以任何方式授权或允许任何外国势力通过殖民化或出于军事或海军目的或其他目的，在该岛屿的任何部分定居或控制。”

"II.

“二。

That said government shall not assume or contract any public debt, to pay the interest upon which, and to make reasonable sinking fund provision for the ultimate discharge of which, the ordinary revenues of the island, after defraying the current expenses of government shall be inadequate."

也就是说，政府不得承担或承包任何公共债务，不得支付其利息，并为最终偿还债务提供合理的偿债基金，在支付政府的经常性开支后，该岛的普通收入将不足。”

"III.

“三.

That the government of Cuba consents that the United States may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty, and for discharging the obligations with respect to Cuba imposed by the treaty of Paris on the United States, now to be assumed and undertaken by the government of Cuba."

古巴政府同意美国可以行使干预权，以维护古巴独立，维持一个足以保护生命、财产和个人自由的政府，并履行巴黎条约对美国规定的对古巴的义务，这些义务现在由古巴政府承担和承担。”

"IV.

“四。

That all Acts of the United States in Cuba during its military occupancy thereof are ratified and validated, and all lawful rights acquired thereunder shall be maintained and protected."

美国军事占领古巴期间在古巴的所有法案均已获得批准和生效，据此获得的所有合法权利均应得到维护和保护。”

"V.

“V.

That the government of Cuba will execute, and as far as necessary extend, the plans already devised or other plans to be mutually agreed upon, for the sanitation of the cities of the island, to the end that a recurrence of epidemic and infectious diseases may be prevented, thereby assuring protection to the people and commerce of Cuba, as well as to the commerce of the southern ports of the United States and the people residing therein."

古巴政府将执行并在必要时延长已制定的计划或双方商定的其他计划，以确保岛上城市的卫生，以防止流行病和传染病的再次发生，从而确保保护古巴人民和商业，以及美国南部港口的商业和居住在其中的人民。”

"VI.

“六。

That the Isle of Pines shall be omitted from the proposed constitutional boundaries of Cuba, the title thereto being left to future adjustment by treaty."

松岛应从拟议的古巴宪法边界中删除，其所有权留待未来通过条约进行调整。”

"VII.

”七．

That to enable the United States to maintain the independence

使美国能够保持独立

of Cuba, and to protect the people thereof, as well as for its own defense, the government of Cuba will sell or lease to the United States lands necessary for coaling or naval stations at certain specified points to be agreed upon with the President of the United States."

古巴政府，为了保护古巴人民，以及为了自身的防御，古巴政府将在与美国总统商定的某些特定地点向美国出售或租赁煤炭或海军基地所需的土地。”

"VIII.

“八。

That by way of further assurance the government of Cuba will embody the foregoing provisions in a permanent treaty with the United States."

作为进一步保证，古巴政府将在与美国签订的永久条约中体现上述条款。”