National Labor Relations Act (1935)

Citation: An act to diminish the causes of labor disputes burdening or obstructing interstate and foreign commerce, to create a National Labor Relations Board, and for other purposes, July 5, 1935; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives.

引文：1935 年 7 月 5 日，一项旨在减少劳资纠纷、加重或阻碍州际贸易和对外贸易、建立国家劳资关系委员会以及其他目的的法案；美国政府总记录；记录组11；国家档案馆。

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Also known as the Wagner Act, this bill was signed into law by President Franklin Roosevelt on July 5, 1935.

该法案也称为瓦格纳法案，于 1935 年 7 月 5 日由富兰克林·罗斯福总统签署成为法律。

It established the National Labor Relations Board and addressed relations between unions and employers in the private sector.

它设立了国家劳动关系委员会，并处理工会与私营部门雇主之间的关系。

After the National Industrial Recovery Act was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, organized labor was again looking for relief from employers who had been free to spy on, interrogate, discipline, discharge, and blacklist union members.

在最高法院宣布《国家工业复兴法案》违宪后，有组织的劳工再次向雇主寻求救济，因为雇主可以自由地监视、审问、纪律处分、解雇工会成员并将其列入黑名单。

In the 1930s, workers had begun to organize militantly, and in 1933 and 1934, a great wave of strikes occurred across the nation in the form of citywide general strikes and factory takeovers.

20世纪30年代，工人开始积极组织起来，1933年和1934年，全国范围内出现了以全市总罢工和工厂接管为形式的大罢工浪潮。

Violent confrontations occurred between workers trying to form unions and the police and private security forces defending the interests of anti-union employers.

试图组建工会的工人与捍卫反工会雇主利益的警察和私人保安部队之间发生了暴力对抗。

In a Congress sympathetic to labor unions, the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) was passed in July of 1935.

国会同情工会，于 1935 年 7 月通过了《国家劳工关系法》(NLRA)。

The broad intention of the act, commonly known as the Wagner Act after Senator Robert R.

该法案的广泛意图，通常被称为“瓦格纳法案”，以参议员罗伯特·R·瓦格纳 (Robert R.

Wagner of New York, was to guarantee employees “the right to self-organization, to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid and protection.” The NLRA applied to all employers involved in interstate commerce except airlines, railroads, agriculture, and government.

纽约的瓦格纳法案旨在保障员工“自我组织的权利，组建、加入或协助劳工组织的权利，通过自己选择的代表进行集体谈判的权利，以及为了集体谈判或其他互助和保护的目的而参与一致活动的权利”。 NLRA 适用于除航空公司、铁路、农业和政府之外的所有参与州际商业的雇主。

In order to enforce and maintain those rights, the act included provisions for the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to arbitrate deadlocked labor-management disputes, guarantee democratic union elections, and penalize unfair labor practices by employers.

为了执行和维护这些权利，该法案规定国家劳动关系委员会（NLRB）可以仲裁陷入僵局的劳资纠纷、保障民主工会选举以及惩罚雇主的不公平劳动行为。

To this day, the board of five members, appointed by the President, is assisted by 33 regional directors.

迄今为止，董事会由五名成员组成，由总统任命，并由 33 名区域总监协助。

The NLRB further determines proper bargaining units, conducts elections for union representation, and investigates charges of unfair labor practices by employers.

国家劳工关系委员会进一步确定适当的谈判单位，进行工会代表选举，并调查雇主对不公平劳工行为的指控。

Unfair practices, by law, include such things as interference, coercion, or restraint in labor’s self-organizing rights; interference with the formation of labor unions; encouragement or discouragement of union membership; and the refusal to bargain collectively with a duly chosen employee representatives.

法律规定的不公平做法包括干涉、胁迫或限制劳工的自组织权利；干涉工会的组建；鼓励或阻止加入工会；拒绝与正式选定的员工代表进行集体谈判。

The constitutionality of the NLRA was upheld by the United States Supreme Court in National Labor Relations Board v.

美国最高法院在“国家劳工关系委员会诉美国国家劳资关系委员会”案中维持了《国家劳资关系法》的合宪性。

Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.

琼斯和劳克林钢铁公司

in 1937.

1937年。

The act contributed to a dramatic surge in union membership and made labor a force to be reckoned with both politically and economically.

该法案导致工会会员人数急剧增加，并使劳工成为政治和经济上不可忽视的力量。

Women benefited from this shift to unionization as well.

妇女也从这种向工会的转变中受益。

By the end of the 1930s, over 800,000 women belonged to unions, a threefold increase from 1929.

到 1930 年代末，超过 800,000 名妇女加入了工会，比 1929 年增加了三倍。

The provisions of the NLRA were later expanded under the Taft-Hartley Labor Act of 1947 and the Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959.

NLRA 的条款随后在 1947 年《塔夫脱-哈特利劳工法》和 1959 年《兰德鲁姆-格里芬法》中得到扩展。

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