National Interstate and Defense Highways Act (1956)
Citation: An act to amend and supplement the Federal-Aid Road Act approved July 11, 1916, to authorize appropriations for continuing the construction of highways; to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to provide additional revenue from the taxes on motor fuel, tires and trucks and buses; and for other purposes; June 29, 1956; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1996; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives
引文：修订和补充 1916 年 7 月 11 日批准的《联邦援助道路法》的法案，授权继续修建高速公路的拨款；修订 1954 年《国内税收法》，从汽车燃油、轮胎、卡车和公共汽车税中提供额外收入；以及其他目的； 1956 年 6 月 29 日；国会登记法案和决议，1789-1996；美国政府总记录；记录组11；国家档案馆
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This act authorized the building of highways throughout the nation, which would be the biggest public works project in the nation's history.
该法案授权在全国范围内修建高速公路，这将是美国历史上最大的公共工程项目。
Popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act of 1956, the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 established an interstate highway system in the United States.
1956 年联邦援助高速公路法案通常称为 1956 年国家州际和国防高速公路法案，在美国建立了州际高速公路系统。
The movement behind the construction of a transcontinental superhighway started in the 1930s when President Franklin D.
修建横贯大陆高速公路的运动始于 20 世纪 30 年代，当时总统富兰克林·D·肯尼迪 (Franklin D.
Roosevelt expressed interest in the construction of a network of toll superhighways that would provide more jobs for people in need of work during the Great Depression.
罗斯福对建设收费高速公路网络表示了兴趣，该网络将为大萧条期间需要工作的人们提供更多就业机会。
The resulting legislation was the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1938, which directed the chief of the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) to study the feasibility of a six-route toll network.
由此产生的立法是 1938 年的《联邦援助高速公路法案》，该法案指示公共道路局 (BPR) 负责人研究六条路线收费网络的可行性。
With America on the verge of joining the war in Europe, the time for a massive highway program had not arrived.
由于美国即将加入欧洲战争，大规模高速公路计划的时机尚未到来。
At the end of the war, however, the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 funded highway improvements and established major new ground by authorizing and designating, in Section 7, the construction of 40,000 miles of a "National System of Interstate Highways."
然而，战争结束时，1944 年《联邦援助公路法》第 7 条授权和指定建设 40,000 英里的“国家州际公路系统”，为公路改进提供资金，并开辟了重要的新领域。
When President Dwight D.
当总统德怀特·D.
Eisenhower took office in January 1953, the states had only completed 6,500 miles of the system improvements.
1953年1月艾森豪威尔上任时，各州仅完成了6,500英里的系统改进。
Eisenhower had first realized the value of good highways in 1919, when he participated in the U.S. Army's first transcontinental motor convoy from Washington, DC, to San Francisco.
1919 年，艾森豪威尔首次意识到良好高速公路的价值，当时他参加了美国陆军第一支从华盛顿特区到旧金山的跨大陆汽车车队。
Again, during World War II, Eisenhower saw the German advantage that resulted from their autobahn highway network, and he also noted the enhanced mobility of the Allies, on those same highways, when they fought their way into Germany.
在第二次世界大战期间，艾森豪威尔再次看到了德国高速公路网络所带来的优势，他还指出，当盟军攻入德国时，他们在这些高速公路上的机动性得到了增强。
These experiences significantly shaped Eisenhower's views on highways and their role in national defense.
这些经历极大地影响了艾森豪威尔对高速公路及其在国防中的作用的看法。
During his State of the Union Address on January 7, 1954, Eisenhower made it clear that he was ready to turn his attention to the nation's highway problems.
艾森豪威尔在 1954 年 1 月 7 日的国情咨文中明确表示，他准备将注意力转向国家的高速公路问题。
He considered it important to "protect the vital interest of every citizen in a safe and adequate highway system."
他认为“在安全和充足的高速公路系统中保护每个公民的切身利益”非常重要。
Between 1954 and 1956, there were several failed attempts to pass a national highway bill through Congress.
1954 年至 1956 年间，国会多次试图通过国家公路法案，但均以失败告终。
The main controversy over the highway construction was the apportionment of the funding between the federal government and the states.
高速公路建设的主要争议在于联邦政府和各州之间的资金分配问题。
Undaunted, the President renewed his call for a "modern, interstate highway system” in his 1956 State of the Union Address.
总统毫不畏惧，在 1956 年的国情咨文中再次呼吁建立“现代化的州际公路系统”。
Within a few months, after considerable debate and amendment in Congress, the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 emerged from the House-Senate conference committee.
几个月之内，经过国会的大量辩论和修改，参众两院会议委员会通过了《1956 年联邦援助公路法案》。
In the act, the interstate system was expanded to 41,000 miles.
该法案将州际公路系统的里程扩展至 41,000 英里。
To construct the network, $25 billion was authorized for fiscal years 1957 through 1969.
为了建设该网络，1957 年至 1969 财年授权拨款 250 亿美元。
Eisenhower signed the bill into law on June 29th.
艾森豪威尔于 6 月 29 日签署该法案成为法律。
Because of the 1956 law, and the subsequent Highway Act of 1958, the pattern of community development in America was fundamentally altered and was henceforth based on the automobile.
由于 1956 年的法律和随后的 1958 年的《高速公路法》，美国的社区发展模式发生了根本性的改变，从此以汽车为基础。
In urban areas, massive superhighways cut through neighborhoods and destroyed housing, much of it in poorer sections of the city.
在城市地区，大规模的高速公路穿过社区并摧毁了房屋，其中大部分位于城市的贫困地区。
Elsewhere, the new superhighways followed established railroad routes and so bypassed many small towns and rural merchants.
在其他地方，新的高速公路沿着既定的铁路路线修建，因此绕过了许多小城镇和农村商人。
While the construction and routing of the national transportation network evolved in response to community and environmental concerns, the increased mobility Americans enjoyed as a result of the interstate highway system spurred substantial growth in interstate commerce and suburbanization over the next decades.
虽然国家交通网络的建设和路线不断发展以应对社区和环境问题，但州际公路系统带来的美国人流动性的增加刺激了州际商业和郊区化在未来几十年的大幅增长。
This document is available on DocsTeach, the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.
该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。
Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .
查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。
To amend and supplement the Federal-Aid Road Act approved July 11, 1916, to authorize appropriations for continuing the construction of highways; to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to provide additional revenue from the taxes on motor fuel, tires, and trucks and buses; and for other purposes.
修订和补充 1916 年 7 月 11 日批准的《联邦援助公路法》，授权继续修建公路；修订 1954 年《国内税收法》，从汽车燃油、轮胎、卡车和公共汽车税中提供额外收入；以及其他目的。
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
由美利坚合众国参议院和众议院在国会中制定，
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
101.
101.
SHORT TITLE FOR TITLE I.
第一章的简称。
This title may be cited as the "Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956".
本标题可称为“1956 年联邦援助公路法案”。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
102.
102.
FEDERAL-AID HIGHWAYS.
联邦援助高速公路。
(a) (1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the Federal-Aid Road Act approved July 11, 1916 (39 Stat.
(a) (1) 拨款授权——为了执行 1916 年 7 月 11 日批准的《联邦援助道路法案》的规定（39 Stat.
355), and all Acts amendatory thereof and supplementary thereto, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957, $125,000,000 in addition to any sums heretofore authorized for such fiscal year; the sum of $850,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1958; and the sum of $875,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959.
355）及其所有修正案和补充法案，除迄今为止为该财政年度授权的任何款项外，特此授权为截至 1957 年 6 月 30 日的财政年度拨款 125,000,000 美元；截至 1958 年 6 月 30 日的财政年度总计 850,000,000 美元；截至 1959 年 6 月 30 日的财政年度总额为 875,000,000 美元。
The sums herein authorized for each fiscal year shall be available for expenditure as follows:
本文授权的每个财政年度的金额应可用于以下支出：
(2) APPORTIONMENTS.—The sums authorized by this section shall be apportioned among the several States in the manner now provided by law and in accordance with the formulas set forth in section 4 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944; approved December 20, 1944 (58 Stat.
(2) 分配——本节授权的金额应按照法律现在规定的方式并根据 1944 年联邦援助公路法第 4 节规定的公式在几个州之间分配； 1944 年 12 月 20 日批准（58 Stat.
838) : Provided, That the additional amount herein authorized for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957, shall be apportioned immediately upon enactment of this Act.
第 838 条）：前提是，本法授权的截至 1957 年 6 月 30 日的财政年度的额外金额应在本法颁布后立即分配。
(b) AVAILABILITY FOR EXPENDITURE.—Any sums apportioned to any State under this section shall be available for expenditure in that State for two years after the close of the fiscal year for which such sums are authorized, and any amounts so apportioned remaining unexpended at the end of such period shall lapse: Provided, That such funds shall be deemed to have been expended if a sum equal to the total of the sums herein and heretofore apportioned to the State is covered by formal agreements with the Secretary of Commerce for construction, reconstruction, or improvement of specific projects as provided in this title and prior Acts: Provided further, That in the case of those sums heretofore, herein, or hereafter apportioned to any State for projects on the Federal-aid secondary highway system, the Secretary of Commerce may, upon the request of any State, discharge his responsibility relative to the plans, specifications, estimates, surveys, contract awards, design, inspection, and construction of such secondary road projects by his receiving and approving a certified statement by the State highway department setting forth that the plans, design, and construction for such projects are in accord with the standards and procedures of such State applicable…
(b) 可用于支出——根据本节分配给任何州的任何款项应可在授权该款项的财政年度结束后两年内用于该州的支出，并且在该期限结束时剩余的未支出的任何款项均应失效：但是，如果等于本条和迄今为止分配给该州的款项的总和，则此类资金应被视为已支出。与商务部长就本标题和先前法案中规定的特定项目的建设、重建或改进签订的正式协议所涵盖：进一步规定，对于迄今为止、本文件或此后分摊给任何州的联邦援助二级公路系统项目的款项，商务部长可以应任何州的请求，通过其接收和接收和履行与此类二级公路项目的计划、规格、估计、调查、合同授予、设计、检查和施工有关的责任。批准国家公路部门的认证声明，表明此类项目的规划、设计和施工符合该国家适用的标准和程序……
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
108.
108.
NATIONAL SYSTEM OF INTERSTATE AND DEFENSE HIGHWAYS.
国家州际公路和国防高速公路系统。
(a) INTERSTATE SYSTEM.—It is hereby declared to be essential to the national interest to provide for the early completion of the "National System of Interstate Highways", as authorized and designated in accordance with section 7 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 (58 Stat.
(a) 州际公路系统——特此宣布，按照 1944 年联邦援助公路法（第 58 条第 58 条）第 7 条授权和指定，尽早完成“国家州际公路系统”对于国家利益至关重要。
838).
838）。
It is the intent of the Congress that the Interstate System be completed as nearly as practicable over a thirteen-year period and that the entire System in all the States be brought to simultaneous completion.
国会的目的是在十三年的时间内尽可能地完成州际系统，并且所有州的整个系统同时完成。
Because of its primary importance to the national defense, the name of such system is hereby changed to the "National System of Interstate and Defense Highways".
由于其对国防的首要重要性，该系统的名称特此更改为“国家州际和国防高速公路系统”。
Such National System of Interstate and Defense Highways is hereinafter in this Act referred to as the "Interstate System".
这种国家州际公路和国防公路系统在本法中称为“州际系统”。
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—For the purpose of expediting the construction, reconstruction, or improvement, inclusive of necessary bridges and tunnels, of the interstate System, including extensions thereof through urban areas, designated in accordance with the provisions of section 7 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 (58 Stat.
(b) 拨款授权——为了加快州际系统的建设、重建或改进，包括必要的桥梁和隧道，包括根据 1944 年《联邦援助公路法》第 7 节的规定（第 58 条 Stat.
838), there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the additional sum of $1,000,000,000 for, the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957 , which sum shall be in addition to the authorization heretofore made for that year, the additional sum of $1,700,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1958, the additional sum of $2,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1960, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1961, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1962, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, the additional sum of $1,500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, and the additional sum of $1,025,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969…
838），特此授权为截至 1957 年 6 月 30 日的财政年度追加拨款 1,000,000,000 美元，该数额应不包括在迄今为止为该年作出的授权之外，为截至 1958 年 6 月 30 日的财政年度追加拨款 1,700,000,000 美元，截至1959年6月30日的财政年度追加2,000,000,000美元，截至1960年6月30日的财政年度追加2,200,000,000美元，截至1961年6月30日的财政年度追加2,200,000,000美元，截至1961年6月30日的财政年度追加2,200,000,000美元截至 1962 年 6 月 30 日的财政年度，截至 1963 年 6 月 30 日的财政年度追加金额 2,200,000,000 美元，截至 1964 年 6 月 30 日的财政年度追加金额 2,200,000,000 美元，截至 1965 年 6 月 30 日的财政年度追加金额 2,200,000,000 美元，追加金额截至1966年6月30日的财政年度为2,200,000,000美元，截至1967年6月30日的财政年度的附加总额为2,200,000,000美元，截至1968年6月30日的财政年度的附加总额为1,500,000,000美元，以及截至 1969 年 6 月 30 日的财政年度为 1,025,000,000 美元……