Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Citation: Message of President James Monroe at the commencement of the first session of the 18th Congress (The Monroe Doctrine), 12/02/1823; Presidential Messages of the 18th Congress, ca.
引用：詹姆斯·门罗总统在第 18 届国会第一次会议开始时的致辞（门罗主义），1823 年 2 月 12 日；第十八届国会主席致辞，约。
12/02/1823-ca.
1823 年 12 月 2 日-约
03/03/1825; Record Group 46; Records of the United States Senate, 1789-1990; National Archives.
1825 年 3 月 3 日；记录组 46；美国参议院记录，1789 年至 1990 年；国家档案馆。
View All Pages in the National Archives Catalog
查看国家档案目录中的所有页面
The Monroe Doctrine was articulated in President James Monroe's seventh annual message to Congress on December 2, 1823.
门罗主义在 1823 年 12 月 2 日詹姆斯·门罗总统向国会提交的第七次年度致辞中得到了阐述。
The European powers, according to Monroe, were obligated to respect the Western Hemisphere as the United States' sphere of interest.
门罗认为，欧洲列强有义务尊重西半球作为美国的利益范围。
President James Monroe’s 1823 annual message to Congress contained the Monroe Doctrine, which warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.
詹姆斯·门罗总统 1823 年向国会提交的年度报告中包含了“门罗主义”，该主义警告欧洲列强不要干涉西半球的事务。
Understandably, the United States has always taken a particular interest in its closest neighbors – the nations of the Western Hemisphere.
可以理解的是，美国一直对其最近的邻国——西半球国家特别感兴趣。
Equally understandably, expressions of this concern have not always been favorably regarded by other American nations.
同样可以理解的是，这种担忧的表达并不总是受到其他美国国家的青睐。
The Monroe Doctrine is the best known U.S. policy toward the Western Hemisphere.
门罗主义是美国最著名的西半球政策。
Buried in a routine annual message delivered to Congress by President James Monroe in December 1823, the doctrine warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.
该学说被埋藏在詹姆斯·门罗总统于 1823 年 12 月向国会提交的例行年度信息中，警告欧洲国家美国不会容忍进一步的殖民化或傀儡君主。
The doctrine was conceived to meet major concerns of the moment, but it soon became a watchword of U.S. policy in the Western Hemisphere.
该学说的初衷是为了解决当前的主要问题，但它很快就成为美国西半球政策的口号。
The Monroe Doctrine was invoked in 1865 when the U.S. government exerted diplomatic and military pressure in support of the Mexican President Benito Juárez.
1865 年，当美国政府施加外交和军事压力以支持墨西哥总统贝尼托·华雷斯时，门罗主义被援引。
This support enabled Juárez to lead a successful revolt against the Emperor Maximilian, who had been placed on the throne by the French government.
这种支持使华雷斯成功领导了一场反抗马克西米利安皇帝的起义，马克西米利安皇帝被法国政府推上王位。
Almost 40 years later, in 1904, European creditors of a number of Latin American countries threatened armed intervention to collect debts.
大约 40 年后的 1904 年，一些拉丁美洲国家的欧洲债权人威胁要进行武装干预以收回债务。
President Theodore Roosevelt promptly proclaimed the right of the United States to exercise an "international police power" to curb such "chronic wrongdoing," in his so-called Roosevelt Corollary (or extension) to the Monroe Doctrine.
西奥多·罗斯福总统在他所谓的门罗主义的罗斯福推论（或延伸）中立即宣布美国有权行使“国际警察权力”来遏制这种“长期不法行为”。
While the Monroe Doctrine’s message was designed to keep European powers out of the Western Hemisphere, Roosevelt would strengthen its meaning to justify sending the United States into other countries of the Western Hemisphere.
虽然门罗主义的信息旨在阻止欧洲列强进入西半球，但罗斯福将强化其含义，以证明美国派往西半球其他国家的合理性。
As a result, U.S. Marines were sent into Santo Domingo in 1904, Nicaragua in 1911, and Haiti in 1915, ostensibly to keep the Europeans out.
结果，美国海军陆战队于 1904 年、1911 年和 1915 年分别被派往圣多明各、尼加拉瓜和海地，表面上是为了将欧洲人拒之门外。
Other Latin American nations viewed these interventions with misgiving, and relations between the “great Colossus of the North” and its southern neighbors remained strained for many years.
其他拉丁美洲国家对这些干预措施抱有疑虑，“伟大的北方巨人”与其南方邻国之间的关系多年来仍然紧张。
In 1962, the Monroe Doctrine was invoked symbolically when the Soviet Union began to build missile-launching sites in Cuba .
1962年，当苏联开始在古巴修建导弹发射场时，门罗主义被象征性地援引。
With the support of the Organization of American States, President John F.
在美洲国家组织的支持下，约翰·肯尼迪总统
Kennedy threw a naval and air quarantine around the island.
肯尼迪在该岛周围进行了海军和空中隔离。
After several tense days, the Soviet Union agreed to withdraw the missiles and dismantle the sites.
经过几天的紧张局势后，苏联同意撤回导弹并拆除这些设施。
Subsequently, the United States dismantled several of its obsolete air and missile bases in Turkey.
随后，美国拆除了在土耳其的几个废弃的空军和导弹基地。
This document is available on DocsTeach , the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.
该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。
Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .
查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。
Note: The Monroe Doctrine was expressed during President Monroe's seventh annual message to Congress, December 2, 1823:
注：门罗主义是在 1823 年 12 月 2 日门罗总统向国会第七次年度致辞中表达的：
...At the proposal of the Russian Imperial Government, made through the minister of the Emperor residing here, a full power and instructions have been transmitted to the minister of the United States at St. Petersburg to arrange by amicable negotiation the respective rights and interests of the two nations on the northwest coast of this continent.
...根据俄罗斯帝国政府的提议，通过驻扎在这里的皇帝大臣提出，已向驻圣彼得堡的美国大臣发出全权和指示，通过友好谈判安排两国在该大陆西北海岸的各自权益。
A similar proposal has been made by His Imperial Majesty to the Government of Great Britain, which has likewise been acceded to.
帝国陛下向英国政府提出了类似的建议，该建议同样已被接受。
The Government of the United States has been desirous by this friendly proceeding of manifesting the great value which they have invariably attached to the friendship of the Emperor and their solicitude to cultivate the best understanding with his Government.
美国政府希望通过这次友好的程序来体现他们一贯重视的天皇友谊的巨大价值以及他们与天皇政府建立最佳理解的关心。
In the discussions to which this interest has given rise and in the arrangements by which they may terminate the occasion has been judged proper for asserting, as a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved, that the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.
在引起这种利益的讨论以及他们可能终止的安排中，这一场合被认为适合主张，作为涉及美国权利和利益的一项原则，美洲大陆以其所承担和维持的自由和独立条件，从此不再被视为任何欧洲列强未来殖民化的主体。
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It was stated at the commencement of the last session that a great effort was then making in Spain and Portugal to improve the condition of the people of those countries, and that it appeared to be conducted with extraordinary moderation.
上届会议开始时有人指出，西班牙和葡萄牙当时正在为改善这些国家人民的状况做出巨大努力，而且进展似乎异常温和。
It need scarcely be remarked that the results have been so far very different from what was then anticipated.
几乎不用说，迄今为止的结果与当时的预期有很大不同。
Of events in that quarter of the globe, with which we have so much intercourse and from which we derive our origin, we have always been anxious and interested spectators.
对于发生在地球这一地区的事件，我们一直是焦虑而感兴趣的旁观者，我们与这些事件有如此多的交往，我们的起源也源于这些事件。
The citizens of the United States cherish sentiments the most friendly in favor of the liberty and happiness of their fellow-men on that side of the Atlantic.
美国公民怀有最友好的感情，支持大西洋彼岸同胞的自由和幸福。
In the wars of the European powers in matters relating to themselves we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with our policy to do so.
我们从未参加过欧洲列强与其自身有关的战争，这样做也不符合我们的政策。
It is only when our rights are invaded or seriously menaced that we resent injuries or make preparation for our defense.
只有当我们的权利受到侵犯或受到严重威胁时，我们才会对伤害感到愤恨或做好防卫的准备。
With the movements in this hemisphere we are of necessity more immediately connected, and by causes which must be obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers.
我们必须与这个半球的运动有更直接的联系，其原因对于所有开明而公正的观察者来说都是显而易见的。
The political system of the allied powers is essentially different in this respect from that of America.
在这方面，同盟国的政治制度与美国的政治制度有着本质的不同。
This difference proceeds from that which exists in their respective Governments; and to the defense of our own, which has been achieved by the loss of so much blood and treasure, and matured by the wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under which we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this whole nation is devoted.
这种差异源于各自政府存在的差异；为了保卫我们自己的祖国，我们付出了如此多的鲜血和财富，并通过最开明的公民的智慧而成熟，我们享受了无与伦比的幸福，整个国家都奉献了自己的力量。
We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.
因此，基于美国与这些国家之间存在的坦诚和友好关系，我们应该宣布，我们应该考虑他们将其体系扩展到本半球任何地区的任何企图，这对我们的和平与安全构成危险。
With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere.
对于任何欧洲国家现有的殖民地或属地，我们没有干涉，也不会干涉。
But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States.
但是，对于已经宣布独立并维持独立的政府，以及我们经过深思熟虑和公正原则承认其独立的政府，我们不能将任何欧洲国家出于压迫它们或以任何其他方式控制它们命运的目的而进行的任何干预视为对美国不友好倾向的表现。
In the war between those new Governments and Spain we declared our neutrality at the time of their recognition, and to this we have adhered, and shall continue to adhere, provided no change shall occur which, in the judgement of the competent authorities of this Government, shall make a corresponding change on the part of the United States indispensable to their security.
在这些新政府与西班牙之间的战争中，我们在他们承认时就宣布了我们的中立态度，我们一直坚持这一点，并将继续坚持这一点，只要不发生任何变化，根据本届政府主管当局的判断，美国方面应做出相应的变化，这对于他们的安全来说是必不可少的。
The late events in Spain and Portugal shew that Europe is still unsettled.
西班牙和葡萄牙最近发生的事件表明欧洲仍不稳定。
Of this important fact no stronger proof can be adduced than that the allied powers should have thought it proper, on any principle satisfactory to themselves, to have interposed by force in the internal concerns of Spain.
对于这一重要事实，没有比这更强有力的证据表明，同盟国应该认为，根据任何令自己满意的原则，用武力干预西班牙的内部事务是适当的。
To what extent such interposition may be carried, on the same principle, is a question in which all independent powers whose governments differ from theirs are interested, even those most remote, and surely none of them more so than the United States.
基于同样的原则，这种干预可以在多大程度上进行，这是一个所有政府与其政府不同的独立国家都感兴趣的问题，即使是那些最遥远的国家，当然没有一个比美国更感兴趣。
Our policy in regard to Europe, which was adopted at an early stage of the wars which have so long agitated that quarter of the globe, nevertheless remains the same, which is, not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers; to consider the government de facto as the legitimate government for us; to cultivate friendly relations with it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims of every power, submitting to injuries from none.
我们对欧洲的政策是在战争的早期阶段采取的，这场战争长期扰乱了全球四分之一的地区，但仍然保持不变，那就是不干涉任何国家的内部事务；将政府视为事实上的合法政府；与它建立友好关系，并通过坦率、坚定和男子气概的政策来维护这些关系，在所有情况下满足每个国家的正当要求，不受到任何国家的伤害。
But in regard to those continents circumstances are eminently and conspicuously different.
但这些大陆的情况却截然不同。
It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord.
同盟国不可能将其政治制度扩展到任何一个大陆的任何部分而不危及我们的和平与幸福；也没有人相信我们南方的兄弟如果听之任之，会自愿采用它。
It is equally impossible, therefore, that we should behold such interposition in any form with indifference.
因此，我们同样不可能对任何形式的这种介入漠不关心。
If we look to the comparative strength and resources of Spain and those new Governments, and their distance from each other, it must be obvious that she can never subdue them.
如果我们看看西班牙和这些新政府的相对实力和资源以及它们之间的距离，很明显她永远无法制服它们。
It is still the true policy of the United States to leave the parties to themselves, in hope that other powers will pursue the same course....
美国真正的政策仍然是让各方自行其是，希望其他大国也采取同样的做法……