Missouri Compromise (1820)
Citation: Conference committee report on the Missouri Compromise, March 1, 1820; Joint Committee of Conference on the Missouri Bill, 03/01/1820-03/06/1820; Record Group 128l; Records of Joint Committees of Congress, 1789-1989; National Archives.
引文：会议委员会关于密苏里妥协案的报告，1820 年 3 月 1 日；密苏里法案会议联合委员会，03/01/1820-03/06/1820；记录组128l；国会联合委员会记录，1789-1989；国家档案馆。
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This legislation admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a non-slave state at the same time, so as not to upset the balance between slave and free states in the nation.
这项立法同时承认密苏里州为奴隶州，而缅因州为非奴隶州，以免破坏全国奴隶州与自由州之间的平衡。
It also outlawed slavery above the 36º 30' latitude line in the remainder of the Louisiana Territory.
它还宣布路易斯安那领土其余地区纬度线 36° 30' 以上的奴隶制为非法。
With the purchase of the Louisiana Territory and the application of Missouri for statehood, the long-standing balance between the number of slave states and the number of free states would be changed.
随着路易斯安那领土的购买和密苏里州申请建州，奴隶州数量与自由州数量之间的长期平衡将被改变。
Controversy arose within Congress over the issue of slavery.
国会内部就奴隶制问题引起争议。
Congress adopted this legislation and admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a non-slave state at the same time, so that the balance between slave and free states in the nation would remain equal.
国会通过了这项立法，同时承认密苏里州为奴隶州，缅因州为非奴隶州，从而使全国奴隶州和自由州之间的平衡保持平等。
The Missouri Compromise also proposed that slavery be prohibited above the 36º 30' latitude line in the remainder of the Louisiana Territory.
密苏里妥协案还提议在路易斯安那领地的其余地区禁止在纬度 36°30' 以上地区实行奴隶制。
This provision held for 34 years, until it was repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.
这项规定持续了 34 年，直到被 1854 年堪萨斯-内布拉斯加州法案废除。
In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional in its Dred Scott v.
1857 年，最高法院在德雷德·斯科特诉密苏里妥协案中裁定密苏里妥协案违宪。
Sandford decision.
桑福德决定。
The document featured here is the conference committee's report on the Missouri Compromise.
这里展示的文件是会议委员会关于密苏里妥协案的报告。
This document is available on DocsTeach , the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.
该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。
Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .
查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。
An Act to authorize the people of the Missouri territory to form a constitution and state government, and for the admission of such state into the Union on an equal footing with the original states, and to prohibit slavery in certain territories.
该法案授权密苏里州领土的人民制定宪法和州政府，并允许密苏里州在与原州平等的基础上加入联邦，并禁止某些领土上的奴隶制。
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, That the inhabitants of that portion of the Missouri territory included within the boundaries herein after designated, be, and they are hereby, authorized to form for themselves a constitution and state government, and to assume such name as they shall deem proper; and the said state, when formed, shall be admitted into the Union, upon an equal footing with the original states, in all respects whatsoever.
美利坚合众国参议院和众议院在国会中颁布的规定，包括在本文指定的边界内的密苏里州领土部分的居民，特此被授权为自己制定宪法和州政府，并采用他们认为适当的名称；上述各州成立后，应在各方面与原各州平等地被接纳加入联邦。
SEC.2.
SEC.2。
And be it further enacted, That the said state shall consist of all the territory included within the following boundaries, to wit: Beginning in the middle of the Mississippi river, on the parallel of thirty-six degrees of north latitude; thence west, along that parallel of latitude, to the St. Francois river; thence up, and following the course of that river, in the middle of the main channel thereof, to the parallel of latitude of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes; thence west, along the same, to a point where the said parallel is intersected by a meridian line passing through the middle of the mouth of the Kansas river, where the same empties into the Missouri river, thence, from the point aforesaid north, along the said meridian line, to the intersection of the parallel of latitude which passes through the rapids of the river Des Moines, making the said line to correspond with the Indian boundary line; thence east, from the point of intersection last aforesaid, along the said parallel of latitude, to the middle of the channel of the main fork of the said river Des Moines ; thence down arid along the middle of the main channel of the said river Des Moines, to the mouth of the same, where it empties into the Mississippi river; thence, due east, to the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi river; thence down, and following the course of the Mississippi river, in the middle of the main channel thereof, to the place of beginning : Provided, The said state shall ratify the boundaries aforesaid .
进一步规定，该州应由以下边界内的所有领土组成，即： 始于密西西比河中部，北纬三十六度线；从那里向西，沿着纬线平行，到达圣弗朗索瓦河；从那里向上，沿着那条河的河道，在其主河道的中间，到达纬度三十六度三十分的平行线；从上述点向北，沿着该子午线，到达该纬线与穿过堪萨斯河河口中部的子午线相交的点，该子午线在此流入密苏里河，然后，从上述地点向北，沿着该子午线，到达穿过得梅因河急流的纬线的交点，使该线与印度边界线相对应；从那里向东，从上述最后一个交汇点，沿着所述纬线平行，到所述得梅因河主要分叉的河道中部；从那里沿着得梅因河的主河道中部干旱而下，到达得梅因河的河口，在那里注入密西西比河；从那里，向正东，到达密西西比河主河道的中部；从那里向下，沿着密西西比河的河道，在其主河道的中间，到达起点：前提是，该州应批准上述边界。
And provided also, That the said state shall have concurrent jurisdiction on the river Mississippi, and every other river bordering on the said state so far as the said rivers shall form a common boundary to the said state; and any other state or states, now or hereafter to be formed and bounded by the same, such rivers to be common to both; and that the river Mississippi, and the navigable rivers and waters leading into the same, shall be common highways, and for ever free, as well to the inhabitants of the said state as to other citizens of the United States, without any tax, duty impost, or toll, therefor, imposed by the said state.
还规定，该州对密西西比河以及与该州接壤的所有其他河流拥有共同管辖权，只要这些河流构成该州的共同边界；以及任何其他州或多个州，现在或以后将形成并受同一州管辖，这些河流为两者所共有；密西西比河以及通向密西西比河的通航河流和水域应成为公共公路，并且对该州的居民以及美国其他公民永远免费，无需由该州征收任何税款、关税或通行费。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
3.
3.
And be it further enacted, That all free white male citizens of the United States, who shall have arrived at the age of twenty-one years, and have resided in said territory: three months previous to the day of election, and all other persons qualified to vote for representatives to the general assembly of the said territory, shall be qualified to be elected and they are hereby qualified and authorized to vote, and choose representatives to form a convention, who shall be apportioned amongst the several counties as follows : From the county of Howard, five representatives.
并进一步颁布，所有年满二十一岁并在选举日前三个月居住在上述领土的美国自由白人男性公民，以及所有其他有资格投票选举上述领土大会代表的人，均应有资格当选，他们特此有资格和授权投票，并选择代表组成大会，这些代表应在以下几个县中分配：从霍华德县，五名代表。
From the county of Cooper, three representatives.
来自库珀县的三位代表。
From the county of Montgomery, two representatives.
来自蒙哥马利县的两名代表。
From the county of Pike, one representative.
来自派克县，一位代表。
From the county of Lincoln, one representative.
来自林肯县的一位代表。
From the county of St. Charles, three representatives.
来自圣查尔斯县的三名代表。
From the county of Franklin, one representative.
来自富兰克林县的一位代表。
From the county of St. Louis, eight representatives.
来自圣路易斯县的八名代表。
From the county of Jefferson, one representative.
来自杰斐逊县的一位代表。
From the county of Washington, three representatives.
来自华盛顿县的三名代表。
From the county of St. Genevieve, four representatives.
来自圣吉纳维夫县的四名代表。
From the county of Madison, one representative.
来自麦迪逊县的一位代表。
From the county of Cape Girardeau, five representatives.
来自开普吉拉多县的五名代表。
From the county of New Madrid, two representatives.
来自新马德里县的两名代表。
From the county of Wayne, and that portion of the county of Lawrence which falls within the boundaries herein designated, one representative.
来自韦恩县和劳伦斯县属于本文指定边界的部分的一名代表。
And the election for the representatives aforesaid shall be holden on the first Monday, and two succeeding days of May next, throughout the several counties aforesaid in the said territory, and shall be, in every respect, held and conducted in the same manner, and under the same regulations as is prescribed by the laws of the said territory regulating elections therein for members of the general assembly, except that the returns of the election in that portion of Lawrence county included in the boundaries aforesaid, shall be made to the county of Wayne, as is provided in other cases under the laws of said territory.
上述代表的选举应在第一个星期一和下一个五月的连续两天在上述领土内的上述几个县举行，并应在各方面以上述领土管理大会成员选举的法律规定的相同方式和规定进行，但包括在上述边界内的劳伦斯县部分的选举结果应提交给以下县：韦恩，正如该领土法律在其他情况下所规定的那样。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
4.
4.
And be it further enacted, That the members of the conven tion thus duly elected, shall be, and they are hereby authorized to meet at the seat of government of said territory on the second Monday of the month of June next; and the said convention, when so assembled, shall have power and authority to adjourn to any other place in the said territory, which to them shall seem best for the convenient transaction of their business; and which convention, when so met, shall first determine by a majority of the whole number elected, whether it be, or be not, expedient at that time to form a constitution and state government for the people within the said territory, as included within the boundaries above designated; and if it be deemed expedient, the convention shall be, and hereby is, authorized to form a constitution and state government; or, if it be deemed more expedient, the said convention shall provide by ordinance for electing representatives to form a constitution or frame of government; which said representatives shall be chosen in such manner, and in such proportion as they shall designate; and shall meet at such time and place as shall be prescribed by the said ordinance; and shall then form for the people of said territory, within the boundaries aforesaid, a constitution and state government: Provided, That the same, whenever formed, shall be republican, and not repugnant to the constitution of the United States; and that the legislature of said state shall never interfere with the primary disposal of the soil by the United States, nor with any regulations Congress may find necessary for securing the title in such soil to the bona fide purchasers ; and that no tax shall be imposed on lands the property of the United States ; and in no case shall non-resident proprietors be taxed higher than residents.
并进一步规定，正式选出的公约成员应并特此授权于下一年六月的第二个星期一在该领土的政府所在地举行会议；上述公约在召开后，应有权休会至上述领土内任何其他地方，只要他们认为最有利于其处理事务；召开会议时，该公约应首先以全体当选人数的多数决定，无论当时是否有利，为上述领土内的人民（包括在上述指定的边界内）制定宪法和州政府；如果认为有利的话，大会将被授权组建宪法和州政府；或者，如果认为更为有利，上述公约应通过法令规定选举代表以组成宪法或政府框架；上述代表应按其指定的方式和比例选出；并应在上述条例规定的时间和地点举行会议；然后应在上述边界内为该领土的人民制定宪法和州政府：前提是，无论何时成立，宪法和州政府都应是共和制的，并且不与合众国宪法相抵触；该州的立法机关不得干涉美国对土地的主要处置，也不得干涉国会认为为确保善意购买者获得该土地所有权所必需的任何法规；并且不得对美国财产的土地征税；在任何情况下，非居民业主的纳税额均不得高于居民。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
5.
5.
And be it further enacted, That until the next general census shall be taken, the said state shall be entitled to one representative in the House of Representatives of the United States.
如果进一步颁布，在进行下一次人口普查之前，该州应有权在美国众议院拥有一名代表。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
6.
6.
And be it further enacted, That the following propositions be, and the same are hereby, offered to the convention of the said territory of Missouri, when formed, for their free acceptance or rejection, which, if accepted by the convention, shall be obligatory upon the United States: First.
进一步颁布，在密苏里州上述领土成立时，向会议提出以下主张，供其自由接受或拒绝，如果会议接受，则对美国有义务： 第一。
That section numbered sixteen in every township, and when such section has been sold, or otherwise disposed of, other lands equivalent thereto, and as contiguous as may be, shall be granted to the state for the use of the inhabitants of such township, for the use of schools.
每个乡镇的该部分有十六块，当该部分被出售或以其他方式处置时，与其相当的其他土地以及尽可能连续的土地应授予国家供该乡镇的居民使用，用于学校的使用。
Second.
第二。
That all salt springs, not exceeding twelve in number, with six sections of land adjoining to each, shall be granted to the said state for the use of said state, the same to be selected by the legislature of the said state, on or before the first day of January, in the year one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five ; and the same, when so selected, to be used under such terms, conditions, and regulations, as the legislature of said state shall direct: Provided, That no salt spring, the right whereof now is, or hereafter shall be, confirmed or adjudged to any individual or individuals, shall, by this section, be granted to the said state: And provided also, That the legislature shall never sell or lease the same, at anyone time, for a longer period than ten years, without the consent of Congress.
所有盐泉数量不超过十二个，每个盐泉毗邻六块土地，应授予该州供该州使用，并由该州立法机关在一千八百二十五年一月一日或之前选择；并且，当如此选择时，将根据该州立法机关指示的条款、条件和法规使用：但，任何盐泉的权利，现在或以后将被确认或判决给任何个人或个人，均不得根据本节授予该州：并且还规定，未经国会同意，立法机关不得在任何时候，在超过十年的时间内出售或租赁盐泉。
Third.
第三。
That five per cent.
那百分之五。
of the net proceeds of the sale of lands lying within the said territory or state, and which shall be sold by Congress, from and after the first day of January next, after deducting all expenses incident to the same, shall be reserved for making public roads and canals, of which three fifths shall be applied to those objects within the state, under the direction of the legislature thereof; and the other two fifths in defraying, under the direction of Congress, the expenses to be incurred in making of a road or roads, canal or canals, leading to the said state.
出售位于上述领土或州内的土地的净收益，应由国会自明年一月第一天起出售，扣除所有与之相关的费用后，应保留用于修建公共道路和运河，其中五分之三应在州立法机构的指导下用于州内的这些目标；另外五分之二在国会的指导下用于支付修建通往该州的一条或多条道路、一条或多条运河的费用。
Fourth.
第四。
That four entire sections of land be, and the same are hereby, granted to the said state, for the purpose of fixing their seat of government thereon; which said sections shall, under the direction of the legislature of said state, be located, as near as may be, in one body, at any time, in such townships and ranges as the legislature aforesaid may select, on any of the public lands of the United States: Provided, That such locations shall be made prior to the public sale of the lands of the United States surrounding such location.
特此将四块完整的土地授予该州，以便在其上确定其政府所在地；上述各部分应在该州立法机关的指示下，随时在美国任何公共土地上，在上述立法机关选择的乡镇和范围内，尽可能靠近地设置在一个机构中：但这些地点应在公开出售该地点周围的美国土地之前确定。
Fifth.
第五。
That thirty-six sections, or one entire township, which shall be designated by the President of the United States, together with the other lands heretofore reserved for that purpose, shall be reserved for the use of a seminary of learning, and vested in the legislature of said state, to be appropriated solely to the use of such seminary by the said legislature: Provided, That the five foregoing propositions herein offered, are on the condition that the convention of the said state shall provide, by an ordinance, irrevocable without the consent or the United States, that every and each tract of land sold by the United States, from and after the firsl day of January next, shall remain exempt from any tax laid by order or under the authority of the state, whether for state, county, or township, or any other purpose whatever, for the term of five years from and after the day of sale; And further, That the bounty lands granted, or hereafter to be granted, for military services during the late war, shall, while they continue to be held by the patentees, or their heirs remain exempt as aforesaid from taxation for the term of three year; from and after the date of the patents respectively.
由美国总统指定的三十六个区或整个乡镇，以及迄今为止为此目的保留的其他土地，应保留供神学院使用，并归属该州的立法机关，由该立法机关专门拨给该神学院使用：但本文提出的上述五项提议的条件是该州的大会应通过一项法令规定，未经美国同意，不可撤销的是，美国出售的每一块土地，自次年一月一日起，在出售之日起五年内，应免征根据州令或州权力征收的任何税款，无论是为了州、县、乡镇，还是任何其他目的；此外，在战争后期授予或今后授予的用于军事服务的赏金土地，在继续由专利权人或其继承人持有的同时，仍应按照上述规定在三年内免税；分别自专利日期起和之后。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
7.
7.
And be it further enacted, That in case a constitution and state government shall be formed for the people of the said territory of Missouri, the said convention or representatives, as soon thereafter as may be, shall cause a true and attested copy of such constitution or frame of state government, as shall be formed or provided, to be transmitted to Congress.
并进一步颁布，如果为上述密苏里州领土的人民制定宪法和州政府，则上述会议或代表应尽快将所制定或提供的宪法或州政府框架的真实且经证明的副本提交给国会。
SEC.
美国证券交易委员会。
8.
8.
And be it further enacted.
并进一步颁布。
That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the state, contemplated by this act, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited: Provided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labour or service is lawfully claimed, in any state or territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labour or service as aforesaid.
在法国以路易斯安那名义割让给美国的所有领土上，该领土位于北纬三十六度零三十分以北，不包括在本法案所考虑的国家范围内，奴隶制和非自愿奴役，除了对当事人已正式定罪的罪行的惩罚之外，应并特此永远禁止：但前提是，任何逃入该地区的人，从其那里获得劳动或服务合法声称，在美国任何州或地区，此类逃犯都可以合法地被抓回并移交给上述声称其劳动或服务的人。