Marshall Plan (1948)
Citation: Act of April 3, 1948, European Recovery Act [Marshall Plan]; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-1996; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives.
引用：1948 年 4 月 3 日法案，《欧洲复苏法案》[马歇尔计划]；国会登记法案和决议，1789-1996；美国政府总记录；记录组11；国家档案馆。
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On April 3, 1948, President Truman signed the Economic Recovery Act of 1948.
1948年4月3日，杜鲁门总统签署了《1948年经济复苏法案》。
It became known as the Marshall Plan, named for Secretary of State George Marshall, who in 1947 proposed that the United States provide economic assistance to restore the economic infrastructure of postwar Europe.
该计划后来被称为“马歇尔计划”，以国务卿乔治·马歇尔的名字命名，他于 1947 年提议美国提供经济援助，以恢复战后欧洲的经济基础设施。
When World War II ended in 1945, Europe lay in ruins: its cities were shattered; its economies were devastated; its people faced famine.
1945 年第二次世界大战结束时，欧洲已是一片废墟：城市被夷为平地；其经济遭受重创；它的人民面临饥荒。
In the two years after the war, the Soviet Union’s control of Eastern Europe and the vulnerability of Western European countries to Soviet expansionism heightened the sense of crisis.
战后两年，苏联对东欧的控制以及西欧国家在苏联扩张主义面前的脆弱性加剧了危机感。
To meet this emergency, Secretary of State George Marshall proposed in a speech at Harvard University on June 5, 1947, that European nations create a plan for their economic reconstruction and that the United States provide economic assistance.
为应对这一紧急情况，国务卿乔治·马歇尔于1947年6月5日在哈佛大学演讲时提议，欧洲国家制定经济重建计划，美国提供经济援助。
On December 19, 1947, President Harry Truman sent Congress a message that followed Marshall’s ideas to provide economic aid to Europe.
1947 年 12 月 19 日，哈里·杜鲁门总统向国会发出了一条遵循马歇尔向欧洲提供经济援助想法的信息。
Congress overwhelmingly passed the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, and on April 3, 1948, President Truman signed the act that became known as the Marshall Plan.
国会以压倒性多数通过了 1948 年经济合作法案，杜鲁门总统于 1948 年 4 月 3 日签署了该法案，该法案后来被称为“马歇尔计划”。
Over the next four years, Congress appropriated $13.3 billion for European recovery.
在接下来的四年里，国会拨款 133 亿美元用于欧洲复苏。
This aid provided much needed capital and materials that enabled Europeans to rebuild the continent’s economy.
这些援助提供了急需的资本和材料，使欧洲人能够重建欧洲大陆的经济。
For the United States, the Marshall Plan provided markets for American goods, created reliable trading partners, and supported the development of stable democratic governments in Western Europe.
对于美国来说，马歇尔计划为美国商品提供了市场，创造了可靠的贸易伙伴，并支持西欧稳定的民主政府的发展。
Congress’s approval of the Marshall Plan signaled an extension of the bipartisanship of World War II into the postwar years.
国会对马歇尔计划的批准标志着第二次世界大战的两党合作将延续到战后。
This document is available on DocsTeach, the online tool for teaching with documents from the National Archives.
该文档可在 DocsTeach 上找到，这是一个使用国家档案馆文档进行教学的在线工具。
Find teaching activities that incorporate this document, or create your own online activity .
查找包含本文档的教学活动，或创建您自己的在线活动。
Secretary of State George Marshall's Speech (the transcript of the European Recovery Act/Marshall Plan follows)
国务卿乔治·马歇尔的讲话（欧洲复兴法案/马歇尔计划的文字记录如下）
I need not tell you gentlemen that the world situation is very serious.
先生们，不用我告诉你们，世界形势非常严峻。
That must be apparent to all intelligent people.
所有聪明人都应该明白这一点。
I think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of facts presented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult for the man in the street to reach a clear appraisement of the situation.
我认为一个困难在于，这个问题是如此的复杂，以至于媒体和广播向公众提供的大量事实使得街上的人很难对局势做出清晰的评估。
Furthermore, the people of this country are distant from the troubled areas of the earth and it is hard for them to comprehend the plight and consequent reaction of the long-suffering peoples, and the effect of those reactions on their governments in connection with our efforts to promote peace in the world.
此外，这个国家的人民远离地球上的动乱地区，他们很难理解长期受苦人民的困境和随之而来的反应，以及这些反应对他们的政府对我们促进世界和平的努力的影响。
In considering the requirements for the rehabilitation of Europe the physical loss of life, the visible destruction of cities, factories, mines, and railroads was correctly estimated, but it has become obvious during recent months that this visible destruction was probably less serious than the dislocation of the entire fabric of European economy.
在考虑欧洲复兴的要求时，实际的生命损失以及城市、工厂、矿山和铁路的明显破坏是正确估计的，但最近几个月已经变得很明显，这种明显的破坏可能没有欧洲经济整个结构的混乱那么严重。
For the past 10 years, conditions have been highly abnormal.
过去10年来，情况极不正常。
The feverish maintenance of the war effort engulfed all aspects of national economics.
对战争的狂热维持席卷了国民经济的各个方面。
Machinery has fallen into disrepair or is entirely obsolete.
机器年久失修或完全报废。
Under the arbitrary and destructive Nazi rule, virtually every possible enterprise was geared into the German war machine.
在专制和破坏性的纳粹统治下，几乎所有可能的企业都被纳入了德国战争机器。
Long-standing commercial ties, private institutions, banks, insurance companies, and shipping companies disappeared, through the loss of capital, absorption through nationalization, or by simple destruction.
长期存在的商业联系、私人机构、银行、保险公司和航运公司因资本损失、国有化吸收或简单破坏而消失。
In many countries, confidence in the local currency has been severely shaken.
在许多国家，人们对当地货币的信心受到了严重动摇。
The breakdown of the business structure of Europe during the war was complete.
战争期间欧洲的商业结构彻底崩溃。
Recovery has been seriously retarded by the fact that 2 years after the close of hostilities a peace settlement with Germany and Austria has not been agreed upon.
敌对行动结束两年后，尚未与德国和奥地利达成和平解决方案，这一事实严重阻碍了复苏。
But even given a more prompt solution of these difficult problems, the rehabilitation of the economic structure of Europe quite evidently will require a much longer time and greater effort than had been foreseen.
但即使能够更迅速地解决这些难题，欧洲经济结构的恢复显然也需要比预想更长的时间和更大的努力。
There is a phase of this matter which is both interesting and serious.
这件事有一个阶段既有趣又严肃。
The farmer has always produced the foodstuffs to exchange with the city dweller for the other necessities of life.
农民一直生产粮食来与城市居民交换其他生活必需品。
This division of labor is the basis of modern civilization.
这种分工是现代文明的基础。
At the present time, it is threatened with breakdown.
目前，它正面临崩溃的威胁。
The town and city industries are not producing adequate goods to exchange with the food-producing farmer.
城镇工业没有生产足够的商品来与生产粮食的农民进行交换。
Raw materials and fuel are in short supply.
原材料、燃料供应紧缺。
Machinery is lacking or worn out.
机械缺乏或磨损。
The farmer or the peasant cannot find the goods for sale which he desires to purchase.
农夫或农民找不到他想要购买的待售商品。
So the sale of his farm produce for money which he cannot use seems to him unprofitable transaction.
因此，以他无法使用的钱出售农产品对他来说似乎是无利可图的交易。
He, therefore, has withdrawn many fields from crop cultivation and is using them for grazing.
因此，他取消了许多土地的种植，并将其用于放牧。
He feeds more grain to stock and finds for himself and his family an ample supply of food, however short he may be on clothing and the other ordinary gadgets of civilization.
他喂养更多的谷物来储存，为自己和家人找到充足的食物供应，无论他在衣服和其他普通文明用品上多么短缺。
Meanwhile, people in the cities are short of food and fuel.
与此同时，城市里的人们缺乏食物和燃料。
So the governments are forced to use their foreign money and credits to procure these necessities abroad.
因此，各国政府被迫使用外国货币和信贷在国外采购这些必需品。
This process exhausts funds which are urgently needed for reconstruction.
这一过程耗尽了重建急需的资金。
Thus a very serious situation is rapidly developing which bodes no good for the world.
因此，一种非常严重的局势正在迅速发展，这对世界来说不是什么好兆头。
The modern system of the division of labor upon which the exchange of products is based is in danger of breaking down.
产品交换所依赖的现代分工体系正面临崩溃的危险。
The truth of the matter is that Europe's requirements for the next 3 or 4 years of foreign food and other essential products -- principally from America -- are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must have substantial additional help, or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave character.
事实是，欧洲未来三四年对外国食品和其他必需产品（主要来自美国）的需求远远超出其目前的支付能力，因此她必须获得大量额外帮助，否则将面临经济、社会和政治严重恶化。
The remedy lies in breaking the vicious circle and restoring the confidence of the European people in the economic future of their own countries and of Europe as a whole.
解决办法在于打破恶性循环，恢复欧洲人民对本国和整个欧洲经济未来的信心。
The manufacturer and the farmer throughout wide areas must be able and willing to exchange their products for currencies the continuing value of which is not open to question.
广大地区的制造商和农民必须能够并且愿意将他们的产品换成货币，而货币的持续价值是不容置疑的。
Aside from the demoralizing effect on the world at large and the possibilities of disturbances arising as a result of the desperation of the people concerned, the consequences to the economy of the United States should be apparent to all.
除了对整个世界的士气低落以及因有关人士的绝望而可能引发骚乱之外，对美国经济的影响应该是有目共睹的。
It is logical that the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic health in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no assured peace.
合乎逻辑的是，美国应该尽其所能帮助世界经济恢复正常健康，否则就不可能有政治稳定和有保障的和平。
Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.
我们的政策不是针对任何国家或教义，而是针对饥饿、贫困、绝望和混乱。
Its purpose should be the revival of working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist.
其目的应该是世界经济的复苏，以便出现自由制度能够存在的政治和社会条件。
Such assistance, I am convinced, must not be on a piecemeal basis as various crises develop.
我相信，这种援助绝不能随着各种危机的发展而零敲碎打。
Any assistance that this Government may render in the future should provide a cure rather than a mere palliative.
本届政府将来可能提供的任何援助都应该提供治疗方法，而不仅仅是治标不治本。
Any government that is willing to assist in the task of recovery will find full cooperation, I am sure, on the part of the United States Government.
我确信，任何愿意协助恢复任务的政府都会得到美国政府的充分合作。
Any government which maneuvers to block the recovery of other countries cannot expect help from us.
任何企图阻止其他国家复苏的政府都不能指望得到我们的帮助。
Furthermore, governments, political parties, or groups which seek to perpetuate human misery in order to profit therefrom politically or otherwise will encounter the opposition of the United States.
此外，寻求使人类苦难永久化以从中政治或其他方面获利的政府、政党或团体将遭到美国的反对。
It is already evident that, before the United States Government can proceed much further in its efforts to alleviate the situation and help start the European world on its way to recovery, there must be some agreement among the countries of Europe as to the requirements of the situation and the part those countries themselves will take in order to give proper effect to whatever action might be undertaken by this Government.
已经很明显的是，在美国政府能够进一步努力缓解局势并帮助欧洲世界开始复苏之前，欧洲国家之间必须就局势的要求以及这些国家自己将采取的行动达成某种协议，以便使本届政府可能采取的任何行动产生适当的效果。
It would be neither fitting nor efficacious for this Government to undertake to draw up unilaterally a program designed to place Europe on its feet economically.
本届政府单方面制定一项旨在使欧洲在经济上站稳脚跟的计划既不合适，也不有效。
This is the business of the Europeans.
这是欧洲人的事。
The initiative, I think, must come from Europe.
我认为这一倡议必须来自欧洲。
The role of this country should consist of friendly aid in the drafting of a European program so far as it may be practical for us to do so.
这个国家的作用应该包括在起草欧洲计划方面提供友好援助，只要我们这样做是可行的。
The program should be a joint one, agreed to by a number, if not all European nations.
该计划应该是一项联合计划，得到许多欧洲国家（即使不是所有欧洲国家）的同意。
An essential part of any successful action on the part of the United States is an understanding on the part of the people of America of the character of the problem and the remedies to be applied.
美国任何成功行动的一个重要部分是美国人民了解问题的性质和采取的补救措施。
Political passion and prejudice should have no part.
政治激情和偏见不应该参与其中。
With foresight, and a willingness on the part of our people to face up to the vast responsibilities which history has clearly placed upon our country, the difficulties I have outlined can and will be overcome.
只要我们的人民有远见，并愿意承担历史明确赋予我国的巨大责任，我所概述的困难就能够而且一定会被克服。
Transcript of the European Recovery Act/Marshall Plan
欧洲复苏法案/马歇尔计划的文字记录
Eightieth Congress of the United States of America At the Second Session
美利坚合众国第八十届国会第二次会议
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Tuesday, the sixth day of January, one thousand nine hundred and forty-eight
于 1948 年 1 月 6 日星期二在华盛顿市开始并举行
An Act To promote world peace and the general welfare, national interest, and foreign policy of the United States through economic-financial and other measures necessary to the maintenance of the conditions abroad in which free institutions may survive and consistent with the maintenance of the strength and stability of the United States.
该法案通过经济金融和其他必要措施促进世界和平以及美国的普遍福利、国家利益和外交政策，以维护自由机构可以生存的海外条件，并与维护美国的实力和稳定相一致。
Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the "Foreign Assistance Act of 1948".
由美利坚合众国参议院和众议院在国会组成的会议上颁布，该法案可称为“1948年对外援助法案”。
Sec.
秒。
101.
101.
This title may be cited as the "Economic Cooperation Act of 1948".
这个标题可以被称为“1948 年经济合作法”。
Sec.
秒。
102.
102.
(a) Recognizing the intimate economic and other relationships between the United States and the nations of Europe, and recognizing that disruption following in the wake of war is not contained by national frontiers, the Congress finds that the existing situation in Europe endangers the establishment of a lasting peace, the general welfare and national interest of the United States, and the attainment of the objectives of the United Nations.
(a) 认识到美国与欧洲国家之间密切的经济和其他关系，并认识到战争后的破坏不受国界限制，国会认为欧洲的现有局势危及持久和平的建立、美国的普遍福利和国家利益以及联合国目标的实现。
The restoration or maintenance in European countries of principles of individual liberty, free institutions, and genuine independence rests largely upon the establishment of sound economic conditions, stable international economic relationships, and the achievement by the countries of Europe of a healthy economy independent of extraordinary outside assistance.
欧洲国家恢复或维持个人自由、自由制度和真正独立的原则在很大程度上取决于建立良好的经济条件、稳定的国际经济关系以及欧洲国家实现独立于外部额外援助的健康经济。
The accomplishment of these objectives calls for a plan of European recovery, open to all such nations which cooperate in such plan, based upon a strong production effort, the expansion of foreign trade, the creation and maintenance of internal financial stability, and the development of economic cooperation, including all possible steps to establish and maintain equitable rates of exchange and to bring about the progressive elimination of trade barriers.
实现这些目标需要制定一项欧洲复苏计划，该计划向所有参与该计划的国家开放，其基础是强有力的生产努力、扩大对外贸易、建立和维持内部金融稳定以及发展经济合作，包括建立和维持公平汇率以及逐步消除贸易壁垒的一切可能步骤。
Mindful of the advantages the United States has enjoyed through the existence of a large domestic market with no internal trade barriers and believing that similar advantages can accrue to the countries of Europe, it is declared to be the policy of the people of the United States to encourage these ...
考虑到美国通过没有内部贸易壁垒的庞大国内市场所享有的优势，并相信欧洲国家也能获得类似的优势，因此宣布美国人民的政策是鼓励这些……
Economic Corporation, may deem necessary to carry out the purposes of this title and to improve commercial relations with China.
经济公司可能认为有必要实现本标题的目的并改善与中国的商业关系。
Sec.
秒。
406.
406.
Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation is authorized and directed, until such time as an appropriation is made pursuant to section 404, to make advances, not to exceed in the aggregate $50,000,000, to carry out the provision of this title in such manner and in such amounts as the President shall determine.
尽管有任何其他法律的规定，在根据第 404 条拨款之前，重建金融公司有权并指示预支总额不超过 50,000,000 美元的预付款，以按照总统确定的方式和金额执行本标题的规定。
From appropriations authorized under section 404, there shall be repaid without interest to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation the advances made by it under the authority contained herein.
根据第 404 条授权的拨款，应无息偿还重建金融公司根据本条授权所提供的预付款。
No interest shall be charged on advances made by the Treasury to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in implementation of this section.
财政部为执行本节规定向重建金融公司提供的预付款不收取利息。
Sec.
秒。
407.
407.
(a) The Secretary of State, after consultation with the Administrator, is hereby authorized to conclude an agreement with China establishing a Joint Commission of Rural Reconstruction in China, to be composed of two citizens of the United States appointed by the President of the United States and three citizens of China appointed by the President of China.
(a) 经与署长协商后，特此授权国务卿与中国缔结一项协议，建立中国农村建设联合委员会，由美国总统任命的两名美国公民和中国国家主席任命的三名中国公民组成。
Such Commission shall, subject to the direction and control of the Administrator, formulate and carry out a program for reconstruction in rural areas of China, which shall include such research and training activities as may be necessary or appropriate for such reconstruction: Provided, That assistance furnished under this section shall not be construed as an express or implied assumption by the United States of any responsibility for making an further contributions to carry out the purposes of this section.
该委员会应在行政长官的指导和控制下，制定和实施中国农村地区的重建计划，其中应包括此类重建可能必要或适当的研究和培训活动：但根据本节提供的援助不得被解释为美国明示或暗示承担为实现本节目的作出进一步贡献的任何责任。
(b) Insofar as practicable, an amount equal to not more than 10 per centum of the funds made available under subsection (a) of section 404 shall be used to carry out the purposes of subsection (a) of this section.
(b) 在可行的情况下，不超过第 404 条 (a) 款所提供资金的 10% 的金额应用于实现本条 (a) 款的目的。
Such amount may be in United States dollars proceeds in Chinese currency from the sale of commodities made available to China with funds authorized under subsection (a) of section 404, or both.
该金额可以是通过根据第 404 条 (a) 款授权的资金向中国出售商品而获得的人民币收入，或两者兼而有之。